[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163592},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained":3,"nav-reference":1802},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1795,"extension":1796,"meta":1797,"navigation":807,"path":1798,"seo":1799,"stem":1800,"__hash__":1801},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md","Python input() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1761},"minimark",[9,19,26,29,34,101,107,110,117,122,125,143,146,192,195,226,229,245,247,251,254,271,274,287,290,326,329,357,363,365,371,376,379,381,435,437,480,487,505,507,559,561,593,595,599,604,647,654,660,714,723,730,734,830,832,867,870,872,932,934,960,970,972,976,981,988,991,1029,1032,1051,1054,1058,1061,1120,1138,1148,1150,1177,1186,1193,1197,1200,1238,1241,1247,1286,1288,1292,1298,1317,1322,1371,1375,1471,1474,1481,1483,1487,1492,1510,1513,1556,1562,1582,1584,1646,1648,1652,1659,1668,1674,1680,1690,1702,1706,1714,1716,1720,1757],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-input-function-explained","Python ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"input()"," Function Explained",[20,21,22,23,25],"p",{},"The ",[15,24,17],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,27,28],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[30,31,33],"h2",{"id":32},"quick-example","Quick example",[35,36,41],"pre",{"className":37,"code":38,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n","python","",[15,42,43,77],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45,48,52,56,60,64,68,72,74],"span",{"class":46,"line":47},"line",1,[44,49,51],{"class":50},"su5hD","name ",[44,53,55],{"class":54},"smGrS","=",[44,57,59],{"class":58},"sptTA"," input",[44,61,63],{"class":62},"sP7_E","(",[44,65,67],{"class":66},"sjJ54","\"",[44,69,71],{"class":70},"s_sjI","Enter your name: ",[44,73,67],{"class":66},[44,75,76],{"class":62},")\n",[44,78,80,83,85,87,90,92,95,99],{"class":46,"line":79},2,[44,81,82],{"class":58},"print",[44,84,63],{"class":62},[44,86,67],{"class":66},[44,88,89],{"class":70},"Hello, ",[44,91,67],{"class":66},[44,93,94],{"class":54}," +",[44,96,98],{"class":97},"slqww"," name",[44,100,76],{"class":62},[20,102,103,104,106],{},"Use ",[15,105,17],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[108,109],"hr",{},[30,111,113,114,116],{"id":112},"what-input-does","What ",[15,115,17],{}," does",[20,118,119,121],{},[15,120,17],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,123,124],{},"Here is what happens:",[126,127,128,134,137,140],"ul",{},[129,130,131,133],"li",{},[15,132,17],{}," waits for the user to type",[129,135,136],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[129,138,139],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[129,141,142],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,144,145],{},"Example:",[35,147,149],{"className":37,"code":148,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,150,151,171],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152,153,156,158,160,162,164,167,169],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154,155],{"class":50},"color ",[44,157,55],{"class":54},[44,159,59],{"class":58},[44,161,63],{"class":62},[44,163,67],{"class":66},[44,165,166],{"class":70},"What is your favorite color? ",[44,168,67],{"class":66},[44,170,76],{"class":62},[44,172,173,175,177,179,182,184,187,190],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,174,82],{"class":58},[44,176,63],{"class":62},[44,178,67],{"class":66},[44,180,181],{"class":70},"Your favorite color is",[44,183,67],{"class":66},[44,185,186],{"class":62},",",[44,188,189],{"class":97}," color",[44,191,76],{"class":62},[20,193,194],{},"Possible output:",[35,196,198],{"className":37,"code":197,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,199,200,217],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,201,202,204,207,210,214],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,203,113],{"class":50},[44,205,206],{"class":54},"is",[44,208,209],{"class":50}," your favorite color",[44,211,213],{"class":212},"srjyR","?",[44,215,216],{"class":50}," blue\n",[44,218,219,222,224],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,220,221],{"class":50},"Your favorite color ",[44,223,206],{"class":54},[44,225,216],{"class":50},[20,227,228],{},"In this example:",[126,230,231,236,242],{},[129,232,233,234],{},"The prompt is ",[15,235,166],{},[129,237,238,239],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,240,241],{},"color",[129,243,244],{},"That value is then printed",[108,246],{},[30,248,250],{"id":249},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,252,253],{},"The basic syntax is:",[35,255,257],{"className":37,"code":256,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"input(prompt)\n",[15,258,259],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,260,261,264,266,269],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,262,263],{"class":58},"input",[44,265,63],{"class":62},[44,267,268],{"class":97},"prompt",[44,270,76],{"class":62},[20,272,273],{},"Important points:",[126,275,276,281,284],{},[129,277,22,278,280],{},[15,279,268],{}," is optional",[129,282,283],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[129,285,286],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,288,289],{},"Example with a prompt:",[35,291,293],{"className":37,"code":292,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,294,295,315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,296,297,300,302,304,306,308,311,313],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,298,299],{"class":50},"username ",[44,301,55],{"class":54},[44,303,59],{"class":58},[44,305,63],{"class":62},[44,307,67],{"class":66},[44,309,310],{"class":70},"Enter your username: ",[44,312,67],{"class":66},[44,314,76],{"class":62},[44,316,317,319,321,324],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,318,82],{"class":58},[44,320,63],{"class":62},[44,322,323],{"class":97},"username",[44,325,76],{"class":62},[20,327,328],{},"Example without a prompt:",[35,330,332],{"className":37,"code":331,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,333,334,346],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,335,336,339,341,343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,337,338],{"class":50},"value ",[44,340,55],{"class":54},[44,342,59],{"class":58},[44,344,345],{"class":62},"()\n",[44,347,348,350,352,355],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,349,82],{"class":58},[44,351,63],{"class":62},[44,353,354],{"class":97},"value",[44,356,76],{"class":62},[20,358,359,360,362],{},"You can use ",[15,361,17],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[108,364],{},[30,366,113,368,370],{"id":367},"what-input-returns",[15,369,17],{}," returns",[20,372,373,375],{},[15,374,17],{}," always returns a string.",[20,377,378],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,380,145],{},[35,382,384],{"className":37,"code":383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,385,386,406,417],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,387,388,391,393,395,397,399,402,404],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,389,390],{"class":50},"age ",[44,392,55],{"class":54},[44,394,59],{"class":58},[44,396,63],{"class":62},[44,398,67],{"class":66},[44,400,401],{"class":70},"Enter your age: ",[44,403,67],{"class":66},[44,405,76],{"class":62},[44,407,408,410,412,415],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,409,82],{"class":58},[44,411,63],{"class":62},[44,413,414],{"class":97},"age",[44,416,76],{"class":62},[44,418,420,422,424,428,430,432],{"class":46,"line":419},3,[44,421,82],{"class":58},[44,423,63],{"class":62},[44,425,427],{"class":426},"sZMiF","type",[44,429,63],{"class":62},[44,431,414],{"class":97},[44,433,434],{"class":62},"))\n",[20,436,194],{},[35,438,440],{"className":37,"code":439,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,441,442,454,459],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,443,444,447,450],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,445,446],{"class":50},"Enter your age",[44,448,449],{"class":62},":",[44,451,453],{"class":452},"srdBf"," 25\n",[44,455,456],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,457,458],{"class":452},"25\n",[44,460,461,464,468,471,474,477],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,462,463],{"class":54},"\u003C",[44,465,467],{"class":466},"sbsja","class",[44,469,470],{"class":66}," '",[44,472,473],{"class":70},"str",[44,475,476],{"class":66},"'",[44,478,479],{"class":54},">\n",[20,481,482,483,486],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,484,485],{},"25",", Python treats it as text.",[20,488,489,490,497,498,504],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[491,492,494],"a",{"href":493},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,495,496],{},"int()"," or ",[491,499,501],{"href":500},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,502,503],{},"float()",".",[20,506,145],{},[35,508,510],{"className":37,"code":509,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,511,512,535,545],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,513,514,516,518,521,523,525,527,529,531,533],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,515,390],{"class":50},[44,517,55],{"class":54},[44,519,520],{"class":426}," int",[44,522,63],{"class":62},[44,524,263],{"class":58},[44,526,63],{"class":62},[44,528,67],{"class":66},[44,530,401],{"class":70},[44,532,67],{"class":66},[44,534,434],{"class":62},[44,536,537,539,541,543],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,538,82],{"class":58},[44,540,63],{"class":62},[44,542,414],{"class":97},[44,544,76],{"class":62},[44,546,547,549,551,553,555,557],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,548,82],{"class":58},[44,550,63],{"class":62},[44,552,427],{"class":426},[44,554,63],{"class":62},[44,556,414],{"class":97},[44,558,434],{"class":62},[20,560,194],{},[35,562,564],{"className":37,"code":563,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,565,566,574,578],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,567,568,570,572],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,569,446],{"class":50},[44,571,449],{"class":62},[44,573,453],{"class":452},[44,575,576],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,577,458],{"class":452},[44,579,580,582,584,586,589,591],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,581,463],{"class":54},[44,583,467],{"class":466},[44,585,470],{"class":66},[44,587,588],{"class":70},"int",[44,590,476],{"class":66},[44,592,479],{"class":54},[108,594],{},[30,596,598],{"id":597},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[600,601,603],"h3",{"id":602},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[35,605,607],{"className":37,"code":606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,608,609,628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,610,611,613,615,617,619,621,624,626],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,612,51],{"class":50},[44,614,55],{"class":54},[44,616,59],{"class":58},[44,618,63],{"class":62},[44,620,67],{"class":66},[44,622,623],{"class":70},"What is your name? ",[44,625,67],{"class":66},[44,627,76],{"class":62},[44,629,630,632,634,636,639,641,643,645],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,631,82],{"class":58},[44,633,63],{"class":62},[44,635,67],{"class":66},[44,637,638],{"class":70},"Hello,",[44,640,67],{"class":66},[44,642,186],{"class":62},[44,644,98],{"class":97},[44,646,76],{"class":62},[20,648,649,650,653],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,651,652],{},"name"," and prints it.",[600,655,657,658],{"id":656},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,659,496],{},[35,661,663],{"className":37,"code":662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,664,665,688],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,666,667,669,671,673,675,677,679,681,684,686],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,668,390],{"class":50},[44,670,55],{"class":54},[44,672,520],{"class":426},[44,674,63],{"class":62},[44,676,263],{"class":58},[44,678,63],{"class":62},[44,680,67],{"class":66},[44,682,683],{"class":70},"How old are you? ",[44,685,67],{"class":66},[44,687,434],{"class":62},[44,689,690,692,694,696,699,701,703,706,709,712],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,691,82],{"class":58},[44,693,63],{"class":62},[44,695,67],{"class":66},[44,697,698],{"class":70},"Next year you will be",[44,700,67],{"class":66},[44,702,186],{"class":62},[44,704,705],{"class":97}," age ",[44,707,708],{"class":54},"+",[44,710,711],{"class":452}," 1",[44,713,76],{"class":62},[20,715,716,717,719,720,722],{},"This works because ",[15,718,496],{}," converts the text from ",[15,721,17],{}," into a whole number.",[20,724,725,726,504],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[491,727,729],{"href":728},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[600,731,733],{"id":732},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[35,735,737],{"className":37,"code":736,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,738,739,763,787,802,809],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,740,741,744,746,748,750,752,754,756,759,761],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,742,743],{"class":50},"num1 ",[44,745,55],{"class":54},[44,747,520],{"class":426},[44,749,63],{"class":62},[44,751,263],{"class":58},[44,753,63],{"class":62},[44,755,67],{"class":66},[44,757,758],{"class":70},"Enter the first number: ",[44,760,67],{"class":66},[44,762,434],{"class":62},[44,764,765,768,770,772,774,776,778,780,783,785],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,766,767],{"class":50},"num2 ",[44,769,55],{"class":54},[44,771,520],{"class":426},[44,773,63],{"class":62},[44,775,263],{"class":58},[44,777,63],{"class":62},[44,779,67],{"class":66},[44,781,782],{"class":70},"Enter the second number: ",[44,784,67],{"class":66},[44,786,434],{"class":62},[44,788,789,792,794,797,799],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,790,791],{"class":50},"total ",[44,793,55],{"class":54},[44,795,796],{"class":50}," num1 ",[44,798,708],{"class":54},[44,800,801],{"class":50}," num2\n",[44,803,805],{"class":46,"line":804},4,[44,806,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},true,"\n",[44,810,812,814,816,818,821,823,825,828],{"class":46,"line":811},5,[44,813,82],{"class":58},[44,815,63],{"class":62},[44,817,67],{"class":66},[44,819,820],{"class":70},"Total:",[44,822,67],{"class":66},[44,824,186],{"class":62},[44,826,827],{"class":97}," total",[44,829,76],{"class":62},[20,831,194],{},[35,833,835],{"className":37,"code":834,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,836,837,847,857],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,838,839,842,844],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,840,841],{"class":50},"Enter the first number",[44,843,449],{"class":62},[44,845,846],{"class":452}," 2\n",[44,848,849,852,854],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,850,851],{"class":50},"Enter the second number",[44,853,449],{"class":62},[44,855,856],{"class":452}," 3\n",[44,858,859,862,864],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,860,861],{"class":50},"Total",[44,863,449],{"class":62},[44,865,866],{"class":452}," 5\n",[20,868,869],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,871,145],{},[35,873,875],{"className":37,"code":874,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,876,877,895,913,917],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,878,879,881,883,885,887,889,891,893],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,880,743],{"class":50},[44,882,55],{"class":54},[44,884,59],{"class":58},[44,886,63],{"class":62},[44,888,67],{"class":66},[44,890,758],{"class":70},[44,892,67],{"class":66},[44,894,76],{"class":62},[44,896,897,899,901,903,905,907,909,911],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,898,767],{"class":50},[44,900,55],{"class":54},[44,902,59],{"class":58},[44,904,63],{"class":62},[44,906,67],{"class":66},[44,908,782],{"class":70},[44,910,67],{"class":66},[44,912,76],{"class":62},[44,914,915],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,916,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,918,919,921,923,925,927,930],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,920,82],{"class":58},[44,922,63],{"class":62},[44,924,743],{"class":97},[44,926,708],{"class":54},[44,928,929],{"class":97}," num2",[44,931,76],{"class":62},[20,933,194],{},[35,935,937],{"className":37,"code":936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,938,939,947,955],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,940,941,943,945],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,942,841],{"class":50},[44,944,449],{"class":62},[44,946,846],{"class":452},[44,948,949,951,953],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,950,851],{"class":50},[44,952,449],{"class":62},[44,954,856],{"class":452},[44,956,957],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,958,959],{"class":452},"23\n",[20,961,962,963,966,967,504],{},"That happens because ",[15,964,965],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,968,969],{},"\"23\"",[108,971],{},[30,973,975],{"id":974},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,977,978,979,504],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,980,17],{},[600,982,984,985,987],{"id":983},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string","Forgetting that ",[15,986,17],{}," returns a string",[20,989,990],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[35,992,994],{"className":37,"code":993,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,995,996,1015],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,997,998,1000,1002,1004,1006,1008,1011,1013],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,999,338],{"class":50},[44,1001,55],{"class":54},[44,1003,59],{"class":58},[44,1005,63],{"class":62},[44,1007,67],{"class":66},[44,1009,1010],{"class":70},"Enter a number: ",[44,1012,67],{"class":66},[44,1014,76],{"class":62},[44,1016,1017,1019,1021,1023,1025,1027],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,1018,82],{"class":58},[44,1020,63],{"class":62},[44,1022,427],{"class":426},[44,1024,63],{"class":62},[44,1026,354],{"class":97},[44,1028,434],{"class":62},[20,1030,1031],{},"Output:",[35,1033,1035],{"className":37,"code":1034,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,1036,1037],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1038,1039,1041,1043,1045,1047,1049],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1040,463],{"class":54},[44,1042,467],{"class":466},[44,1044,470],{"class":66},[44,1046,473],{"class":70},[44,1048,476],{"class":66},[44,1050,479],{"class":54},[20,1052,1053],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[600,1055,1057],{"id":1056},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,1059,1060],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[35,1062,1064],{"className":37,"code":1063,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,1065,1066,1085,1105],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1067,1068,1071,1073,1075,1077,1079,1081,1083],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1069,1070],{"class":50},"a ",[44,1072,55],{"class":54},[44,1074,59],{"class":58},[44,1076,63],{"class":62},[44,1078,67],{"class":66},[44,1080,1010],{"class":70},[44,1082,67],{"class":66},[44,1084,76],{"class":62},[44,1086,1087,1090,1092,1094,1096,1098,1101,1103],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,1088,1089],{"class":50},"b ",[44,1091,55],{"class":54},[44,1093,59],{"class":58},[44,1095,63],{"class":62},[44,1097,67],{"class":66},[44,1099,1100],{"class":70},"Enter another number: ",[44,1102,67],{"class":66},[44,1104,76],{"class":62},[44,1106,1107,1109,1111,1113,1115,1118],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,1108,82],{"class":58},[44,1110,63],{"class":62},[44,1112,1070],{"class":97},[44,1114,708],{"class":54},[44,1116,1117],{"class":97}," b",[44,1119,76],{"class":62},[20,1121,1122,1123,1126,1127,1130,1131,1134,1135,504],{},"If the user enters ",[15,1124,1125],{},"4"," and ",[15,1128,1129],{},"5",", the result is ",[15,1132,1133],{},"45",", not ",[15,1136,1137],{},"9",[600,1139,1141,1142,1145,1146],{"id":1140},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,1143,1144],{},"ValueError"," when converting invalid text to ",[15,1147,496],{},[20,1149,145],{},[35,1151,1153],{"className":37,"code":1152,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,1154,1155],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1156,1157,1159,1161,1163,1165,1167,1169,1171,1173,1175],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1158,390],{"class":50},[44,1160,55],{"class":54},[44,1162,520],{"class":426},[44,1164,63],{"class":62},[44,1166,263],{"class":58},[44,1168,63],{"class":62},[44,1170,67],{"class":66},[44,1172,401],{"class":70},[44,1174,67],{"class":66},[44,1176,434],{"class":62},[20,1178,1179,1180,1183,1184,504],{},"If the user types ",[15,1181,1182],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,1185,1144],{},[20,1187,1188,1189,504],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[491,1190,1192],{"href":1191},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[600,1194,1196],{"id":1195},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,1198,1199],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[35,1201,1203],{"className":37,"code":1202,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,1204,1205,1223],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1206,1207,1209,1211,1213,1215,1217,1219,1221],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1208,51],{"class":50},[44,1210,55],{"class":54},[44,1212,59],{"class":58},[44,1214,63],{"class":62},[44,1216,67],{"class":66},[44,1218,71],{"class":70},[44,1220,67],{"class":66},[44,1222,76],{"class":62},[44,1224,1225,1227,1229,1232,1234,1236],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,1226,82],{"class":58},[44,1228,63],{"class":62},[44,1230,1231],{"class":58},"repr",[44,1233,63],{"class":62},[44,1235,652],{"class":97},[44,1237,434],{"class":62},[20,1239,1240],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,1242,1243,1244,449],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,1245,1246],{},".strip()",[35,1248,1250],{"className":37,"code":1249,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,1251,1252,1276],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1253,1254,1256,1258,1260,1262,1264,1266,1268,1271,1274],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1255,51],{"class":50},[44,1257,55],{"class":54},[44,1259,59],{"class":58},[44,1261,63],{"class":62},[44,1263,67],{"class":66},[44,1265,71],{"class":70},[44,1267,67],{"class":66},[44,1269,1270],{"class":62},").",[44,1272,1273],{"class":97},"strip",[44,1275,345],{"class":62},[44,1277,1278,1280,1282,1284],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,1279,82],{"class":58},[44,1281,63],{"class":62},[44,1283,652],{"class":97},[44,1285,76],{"class":62},[108,1287],{},[30,1289,1291],{"id":1290},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,1293,1294,1295,1297],{},"These habits make ",[15,1296,17],{}," easier and safer to use.",[126,1299,1300,1303,1308,1311],{},[129,1301,1302],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[129,1304,103,1305,1307],{},[15,1306,1246],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[129,1309,1310],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[129,1312,103,1313,1316],{},[15,1314,1315],{},"try-except"," when converting input to numbers",[20,1318,1319,1320,449],{},"Example with ",[15,1321,1246],{},[35,1323,1325],{"className":37,"code":1324,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,1326,1327,1351],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1328,1329,1332,1334,1336,1338,1340,1343,1345,1347,1349],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1330,1331],{"class":50},"city ",[44,1333,55],{"class":54},[44,1335,59],{"class":58},[44,1337,63],{"class":62},[44,1339,67],{"class":66},[44,1341,1342],{"class":70},"Enter your city: ",[44,1344,67],{"class":66},[44,1346,1270],{"class":62},[44,1348,1273],{"class":97},[44,1350,345],{"class":62},[44,1352,1353,1355,1357,1359,1362,1364,1366,1369],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,1354,82],{"class":58},[44,1356,63],{"class":62},[44,1358,67],{"class":66},[44,1360,1361],{"class":70},"City:",[44,1363,67],{"class":66},[44,1365,186],{"class":62},[44,1367,1368],{"class":97}," city",[44,1370,76],{"class":62},[20,1372,1319,1373,449],{},[15,1374,1315],{},[35,1376,1378],{"className":37,"code":1377,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,1379,1380,1389,1412,1446,1456],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1381,1382,1386],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1383,1385],{"class":1384},"sVHd0","try",[44,1387,1388],{"class":62},":\n",[44,1390,1391,1394,1396,1398,1400,1402,1404,1406,1408,1410],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,1392,1393],{"class":50},"    age ",[44,1395,55],{"class":54},[44,1397,520],{"class":426},[44,1399,63],{"class":62},[44,1401,263],{"class":58},[44,1403,63],{"class":62},[44,1405,67],{"class":66},[44,1407,401],{"class":70},[44,1409,67],{"class":66},[44,1411,434],{"class":62},[44,1413,1414,1417,1419,1421,1424,1426,1428,1430,1432,1434,1436,1439,1442,1444],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,1415,1416],{"class":58},"    print",[44,1418,63],{"class":62},[44,1420,67],{"class":66},[44,1422,1423],{"class":70},"You will be",[44,1425,67],{"class":66},[44,1427,186],{"class":62},[44,1429,705],{"class":97},[44,1431,708],{"class":54},[44,1433,711],{"class":452},[44,1435,186],{"class":62},[44,1437,1438],{"class":66}," \"",[44,1440,1441],{"class":70},"next year",[44,1443,67],{"class":66},[44,1445,76],{"class":62},[44,1447,1448,1451,1454],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,1449,1450],{"class":1384},"except",[44,1452,1453],{"class":426}," ValueError",[44,1455,1388],{"class":62},[44,1457,1458,1460,1462,1464,1467,1469],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,1459,1416],{"class":58},[44,1461,63],{"class":62},[44,1463,67],{"class":66},[44,1465,1466],{"class":70},"Please enter a whole number.",[44,1468,67],{"class":66},[44,1470,76],{"class":62},[20,1472,1473],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,1475,1476,1477,504],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[491,1478,1480],{"href":1479},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[108,1482],{},[30,1484,1486],{"id":1485},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,1488,1489,1490,449],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,1491,17],{},[126,1493,1494,1501,1504,1507],{},[129,1495,1496,1497,497,1499],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,1498,496],{},[15,1500,503],{},[129,1502,1503],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[129,1505,1506],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[129,1508,1509],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,1511,1512],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[35,1514,1516],{"className":37,"code":1515,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,1517,1518,1528,1542],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1519,1520,1522,1524,1526],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1521,82],{"class":58},[44,1523,63],{"class":62},[44,1525,354],{"class":97},[44,1527,76],{"class":62},[44,1529,1530,1532,1534,1536,1538,1540],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,1531,82],{"class":58},[44,1533,63],{"class":62},[44,1535,427],{"class":426},[44,1537,63],{"class":62},[44,1539,354],{"class":97},[44,1541,434],{"class":62},[44,1543,1544,1546,1548,1550,1552,1554],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,1545,82],{"class":58},[44,1547,63],{"class":62},[44,1549,1231],{"class":58},[44,1551,63],{"class":62},[44,1553,354],{"class":97},[44,1555,434],{"class":62},[20,1557,1558,1559,1561],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,1560,17],{}," actually returned:",[126,1563,1564,1570,1576],{},[129,1565,1566,1569],{},[15,1567,1568],{},"print(value)"," shows the value",[129,1571,1572,1575],{},[15,1573,1574],{},"print(type(value))"," shows the data type",[129,1577,1578,1581],{},[15,1579,1580],{},"print(repr(value))"," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,1583,145],{},[35,1585,1587],{"className":37,"code":1586,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,1588,1589,1608,1618,1632],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1590,1591,1593,1595,1597,1599,1601,1604,1606],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1592,338],{"class":50},[44,1594,55],{"class":54},[44,1596,59],{"class":58},[44,1598,63],{"class":62},[44,1600,67],{"class":66},[44,1602,1603],{"class":70},"Enter something: ",[44,1605,67],{"class":66},[44,1607,76],{"class":62},[44,1609,1610,1612,1614,1616],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,1611,82],{"class":58},[44,1613,63],{"class":62},[44,1615,354],{"class":97},[44,1617,76],{"class":62},[44,1619,1620,1622,1624,1626,1628,1630],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,1621,82],{"class":58},[44,1623,63],{"class":62},[44,1625,427],{"class":426},[44,1627,63],{"class":62},[44,1629,354],{"class":97},[44,1631,434],{"class":62},[44,1633,1634,1636,1638,1640,1642,1644],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,1635,82],{"class":58},[44,1637,63],{"class":62},[44,1639,1231],{"class":58},[44,1641,63],{"class":62},[44,1643,354],{"class":97},[44,1645,434],{"class":62},[108,1647],{},[30,1649,1651],{"id":1650},"faq","FAQ",[600,1653,1655,1656,1658],{"id":1654},"does-input-return-an-integer","Does ",[15,1657,17],{}," return an integer?",[20,1660,1661,1662,1664,1665,1667],{},"No. ",[15,1663,17],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,1666,496],{}," if needed.",[600,1669,1671,1672,213],{"id":1670},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,1673,17],{},[20,1675,1676,1677,1679],{},"No. You can call ",[15,1678,17],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[600,1681,1683,1684,1687,1688,213],{"id":1682},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input","Why does ",[15,1685,1686],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,1689,17],{},[20,1691,1692,1693,1695,1696,1698,1699,1701],{},"Because ",[15,1694,17],{}," returns strings. ",[15,1697,965],{}," becomes ",[15,1700,969],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[600,1703,1705],{"id":1704},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,1707,103,1708,1710,1711,504],{},[15,1709,1246],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,1712,1713],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[108,1715],{},[30,1717,1719],{"id":1718},"see-also","See also",[126,1721,1722,1727,1732,1739,1745,1749],{},[129,1723,1724],{},[491,1725,1726],{"href":1479},"How to get user input in Python",[129,1728,1729],{},[491,1730,1731],{"href":728},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[129,1733,1734],{},[491,1735,13,1736,1738],{"href":493},[15,1737,496],{}," function explained",[129,1740,1741],{},[491,1742,13,1743,1738],{"href":500},[15,1744,503],{},[129,1746,1747],{},[491,1748,1192],{"href":1191},[129,1750,1751],{},[491,1752,13,1754,1738],{"href":1753},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,1755,1756],{},"print()",[1758,1759,1760],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":1762},[1763,1764,1766,1767,1769,1775,1783,1784,1785,1794],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":112,"depth":79,"text":1765},"What input() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":367,"depth":79,"text":1768},"What input() returns",{"id":597,"depth":79,"text":598,"children":1770},[1771,1772,1774],{"id":602,"depth":419,"text":603},{"id":656,"depth":419,"text":1773},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":732,"depth":419,"text":733},{"id":974,"depth":79,"text":975,"children":1776},[1777,1779,1780,1782],{"id":983,"depth":419,"text":1778},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":1056,"depth":419,"text":1057},{"id":1140,"depth":419,"text":1781},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":1195,"depth":419,"text":1196},{"id":1290,"depth":79,"text":1291},{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":1786},[1787,1789,1791,1793],{"id":1654,"depth":419,"text":1788},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":1670,"depth":419,"text":1790},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":1682,"depth":419,"text":1792},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":1704,"depth":419,"text":1705},{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":5,"description":1795},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",[1803,3385,5105,6803,8932,11135,12652,14830,17037,19496,21333,23898,25997,28279,30222,32131,34127,35566,37391,39914,42064,43292,44663,46120,48441,50285,52267,53961,55214,56908,58659,60631,62381,64481,65841,67792,69355,71346,73141,75041,77483,79561,82201,84230,86193,88381,90385,92698,94380,95825,97019,98197,100037,102477,104181,106196,107720,108965,110128,111510,113581,115478,117252,119118,121237,122977,124439,126033,127956,129633,131568,133057,135841,137418,138977,141005,142957,144420,145609,147495,148906,150602,152156,153578,154981,156879,159273,161104],{"id":1804,"title":1805,"body":1806,"description":3379,"extension":1796,"meta":3380,"navigation":807,"path":3381,"seo":3382,"stem":3383,"__hash__":3384},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1807,"toc":3351},[1808,1811,1817,1820,1831,1834,1836,1900,1902,1922,1927,1931,1936,1939,1955,1958,1982,1985,1987,1990,2006,2009,2035,2037,2097,2099,2114,2124,2135,2139,2142,2196,2198,2218,2221,2245,2252,2256,2261,2267,2269,2305,2307,2316,2322,2339,2342,2354,2358,2363,2367,2370,2389,2391,2447,2449,2457,2460,2464,2496,2498,2506,2509,2513,2518,2565,2567,2575,2579,2639,2641,2649,2652,2654,2658,2661,2684,2693,2704,2755,2757,2772,2782,2786,2789,2820,2827,2831,2836,2877,2879,2890,2893,2936,2938,2946,2950,2955,2977,2979,2988,2997,3001,3006,3028,3030,3100,3102,3149,3152,3155,3158,3239,3241,3271,3273,3277,3280,3284,3287,3291,3294,3298,3310,3314,3317,3319,3348],[10,1809,1805],{"id":1810},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,1812,22,1813,1816],{},[15,1814,1815],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1818,1819],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[126,1821,1822,1825,1828],{},[129,1823,1824],{},"a number without its negative sign",[129,1826,1827],{},"the distance between two numbers",[129,1829,1830],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,1832,1833],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[30,1835,33],{"id":32},[35,1837,1839],{"className":37,"code":1838,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,1840,1841,1860,1875],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1842,1843,1845,1847,1850,1852,1855,1858],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1844,82],{"class":58},[44,1846,63],{"class":62},[44,1848,1849],{"class":58},"abs",[44,1851,63],{"class":62},[44,1853,1854],{"class":54},"-",[44,1856,1857],{"class":452},"7",[44,1859,434],{"class":62},[44,1861,1862,1864,1866,1868,1870,1873],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,1863,82],{"class":58},[44,1865,63],{"class":62},[44,1867,1849],{"class":58},[44,1869,63],{"class":62},[44,1871,1872],{"class":452},"3.5",[44,1874,434],{"class":62},[44,1876,1877,1879,1881,1883,1885,1887,1890,1892,1895,1898],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,1878,82],{"class":58},[44,1880,63],{"class":62},[44,1882,1849],{"class":58},[44,1884,63],{"class":62},[44,1886,1854],{"class":54},[44,1888,1889],{"class":452},"2",[44,1891,708],{"class":54},[44,1893,1894],{"class":452},"3",[44,1896,1897],{"class":466},"j",[44,1899,434],{"class":62},[20,1901,1031],{},[35,1903,1905],{"className":37,"code":1904,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,1906,1907,1912,1917],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1908,1909],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1910,1911],{"class":452},"7\n",[44,1913,1914],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,1915,1916],{"class":452},"3.5\n",[44,1918,1919],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,1920,1921],{"class":452},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,1923,103,1924,1926],{},[15,1925,1815],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[30,1928,1930],{"id":1929},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,1932,1933,1935],{},[15,1934,1815],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1937,1938],{},"That means:",[126,1940,1941,1944,1947],{},[129,1942,1943],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[129,1945,1946],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[129,1948,1949,1952,1953],{},[15,1950,1951],{},"0"," stays ",[15,1954,1951],{},[20,1956,1957],{},"Examples:",[126,1959,1960,1968,1975],{},[129,1961,1962,1965,1966],{},[15,1963,1964],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,1967,1129],{},[129,1969,1970,1965,1973],{},[15,1971,1972],{},"abs(9)",[15,1974,1137],{},[129,1976,1977,1965,1980],{},[15,1978,1979],{},"abs(0)",[15,1981,1951],{},[20,1983,1984],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[30,1986,250],{"id":249},[20,1988,1989],{},"The syntax is:",[35,1991,1993],{"className":37,"code":1992,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"abs(x)\n",[15,1994,1995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1996,1997,1999,2001,2004],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1998,1849],{"class":58},[44,2000,63],{"class":62},[44,2002,2003],{"class":97},"x",[44,2005,76],{"class":62},[20,2007,2008],{},"Here:",[126,2010,2011,2027,2032],{},[129,2012,2013,2015,2016,2018,2019,2022,2023,2026],{},[15,2014,2003],{}," is usually an ",[15,2017,588],{},", ",[15,2020,2021],{},"float",", or ",[15,2024,2025],{},"complex"," number",[129,2028,2029,2031],{},[15,2030,1815],{}," returns a new value",[129,2033,2034],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2036,145],{},[35,2038,2040],{"className":37,"code":2039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2041,2042,2055,2072,2076,2086],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2043,2044,2047,2049,2052],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2045,2046],{"class":50},"number ",[44,2048,55],{"class":54},[44,2050,2051],{"class":54}," -",[44,2053,2054],{"class":452},"12\n",[44,2056,2057,2060,2062,2065,2067,2070],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,2058,2059],{"class":50},"result ",[44,2061,55],{"class":54},[44,2063,2064],{"class":58}," abs",[44,2066,63],{"class":62},[44,2068,2069],{"class":97},"number",[44,2071,76],{"class":62},[44,2073,2074],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,2075,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,2077,2078,2080,2082,2084],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,2079,82],{"class":58},[44,2081,63],{"class":62},[44,2083,2069],{"class":97},[44,2085,76],{"class":62},[44,2087,2088,2090,2092,2095],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,2089,82],{"class":58},[44,2091,63],{"class":62},[44,2093,2094],{"class":97},"result",[44,2096,76],{"class":62},[20,2098,1031],{},[35,2100,2102],{"className":37,"code":2101,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-12\n12\n",[15,2103,2104,2110],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2105,2106,2108],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2107,1854],{"class":54},[44,2109,2054],{"class":452},[44,2111,2112],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,2113,2054],{"class":452},[20,2115,2116,2117,2119,2120,2123],{},"Notice that ",[15,2118,2069],{}," is still ",[15,2121,2122],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2125,2126,2127,2134],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[491,2128,2130,2133],{"href":2129},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2131,2132],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[30,2136,2138],{"id":2137},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2140,2141],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[35,2143,2145],{"className":37,"code":2144,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2146,2147,2164,2179],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2148,2149,2151,2153,2155,2157,2159,2162],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2150,82],{"class":58},[44,2152,63],{"class":62},[44,2154,1849],{"class":58},[44,2156,63],{"class":62},[44,2158,1854],{"class":54},[44,2160,2161],{"class":452},"10",[44,2163,434],{"class":62},[44,2165,2166,2168,2170,2172,2174,2177],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,2167,82],{"class":58},[44,2169,63],{"class":62},[44,2171,1849],{"class":58},[44,2173,63],{"class":62},[44,2175,2176],{"class":452},"8",[44,2178,434],{"class":62},[44,2180,2181,2183,2185,2187,2189,2191,2194],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,2182,82],{"class":58},[44,2184,63],{"class":62},[44,2186,1849],{"class":58},[44,2188,63],{"class":62},[44,2190,1854],{"class":54},[44,2192,2193],{"class":452},"4.2",[44,2195,434],{"class":62},[20,2197,1031],{},[35,2199,2201],{"className":37,"code":2200,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2202,2203,2208,2213],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2204,2205],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2206,2207],{"class":452},"10\n",[44,2209,2210],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,2211,2212],{"class":452},"8\n",[44,2214,2215],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,2216,2217],{"class":452},"4.2\n",[20,2219,2220],{},"What each line does:",[126,2222,2223,2231,2238],{},[129,2224,2225,2228,2229],{},[15,2226,2227],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,2230,2161],{},[129,2232,2233,2228,2236],{},[15,2234,2235],{},"abs(8)",[15,2237,2176],{},[129,2239,2240,2228,2243],{},[15,2241,2242],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2244,2193],{},[20,2246,2247,2248,504],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[491,2249,2251],{"href":2250},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[30,2253,2255],{"id":2254},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2257,2258,2260],{},[15,2259,1815],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2262,2263,2264,2266],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2265,1951],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2268,145],{},[35,2270,2272],{"className":37,"code":2271,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2273,2274,2291],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2275,2276,2278,2280,2283,2285,2288],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2277,338],{"class":50},[44,2279,55],{"class":54},[44,2281,2282],{"class":452}," 3",[44,2284,94],{"class":54},[44,2286,2287],{"class":452}," 4",[44,2289,2290],{"class":466},"j\n",[44,2292,2293,2295,2297,2299,2301,2303],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,2294,82],{"class":58},[44,2296,63],{"class":62},[44,2298,1849],{"class":58},[44,2300,63],{"class":62},[44,2302,354],{"class":97},[44,2304,434],{"class":62},[20,2306,1031],{},[35,2308,2310],{"className":37,"code":2309,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.0\n",[15,2311,2312],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2313,2314],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2315,2309],{"class":452},[20,2317,2318,2319,213],{},"Why ",[15,2320,2321],{},"5.0",[126,2323,2324,2329,2334],{},[129,2325,2326,2327],{},"the real part is ",[15,2328,1894],{},[129,2330,2331,2332],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2333,1125],{},[129,2335,2336,2337],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2338,2321],{},[20,2340,2341],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[126,2343,2344,2351],{},[129,2345,2346,2348,2349],{},[15,2347,1815],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2350,2021],{},[129,2352,2353],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[30,2355,2357],{"id":2356},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2359,2360,2361,504],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2362,1815],{},[600,2364,2366],{"id":2365},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2368,2369],{},"A very common pattern is:",[35,2371,2373],{"className":37,"code":2372,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2374,2375],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2376,2377,2379,2381,2383,2385,2387],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2378,1849],{"class":58},[44,2380,63],{"class":62},[44,2382,1070],{"class":97},[44,2384,1854],{"class":54},[44,2386,1117],{"class":97},[44,2388,76],{"class":62},[20,2390,145],{},[35,2392,2394],{"className":37,"code":2393,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2395,2396,2404,2413,2417,2436],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2397,2398,2400,2402],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2399,1070],{"class":50},[44,2401,55],{"class":54},[44,2403,856],{"class":452},[44,2405,2406,2408,2410],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,2407,1089],{"class":50},[44,2409,55],{"class":54},[44,2411,2412],{"class":452}," 10\n",[44,2414,2415],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,2416,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,2418,2419,2422,2424,2426,2428,2430,2432,2434],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,2420,2421],{"class":50},"distance ",[44,2423,55],{"class":54},[44,2425,2064],{"class":58},[44,2427,63],{"class":62},[44,2429,1070],{"class":97},[44,2431,1854],{"class":54},[44,2433,1117],{"class":97},[44,2435,76],{"class":62},[44,2437,2438,2440,2442,2445],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,2439,82],{"class":58},[44,2441,63],{"class":62},[44,2443,2444],{"class":97},"distance",[44,2446,76],{"class":62},[20,2448,1031],{},[35,2450,2451],{"className":37,"code":1911,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2452,2453],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2454,2455],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2456,1911],{"class":452},[20,2458,2459],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[600,2461,2463],{"id":2462},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[35,2465,2467],{"className":37,"code":2466,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2468,2469,2481],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2470,2471,2474,2476,2478],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2472,2473],{"class":50},"temperature_change ",[44,2475,55],{"class":54},[44,2477,2051],{"class":54},[44,2479,2480],{"class":452},"6\n",[44,2482,2483,2485,2487,2489,2491,2494],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,2484,82],{"class":58},[44,2486,63],{"class":62},[44,2488,1849],{"class":58},[44,2490,63],{"class":62},[44,2492,2493],{"class":97},"temperature_change",[44,2495,434],{"class":62},[20,2497,1031],{},[35,2499,2500],{"className":37,"code":2480,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2501,2502],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2503,2504],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2505,2480],{"class":452},[20,2507,2508],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[600,2510,2512],{"id":2511},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2514,2515,2516,2134],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2517,1815],{},[35,2519,2521],{"className":37,"code":2520,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2522,2523,2534,2550,2554],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2524,2525,2528,2530,2532],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2526,2527],{"class":50},"balance_change ",[44,2529,55],{"class":54},[44,2531,2051],{"class":54},[44,2533,458],{"class":452},[44,2535,2536,2539,2541,2543,2545,2548],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,2537,2538],{"class":50},"safe_value ",[44,2540,55],{"class":54},[44,2542,2064],{"class":58},[44,2544,63],{"class":62},[44,2546,2547],{"class":97},"balance_change",[44,2549,76],{"class":62},[44,2551,2552],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,2553,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,2555,2556,2558,2560,2563],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,2557,82],{"class":58},[44,2559,63],{"class":62},[44,2561,2562],{"class":97},"safe_value",[44,2564,76],{"class":62},[20,2566,1031],{},[35,2568,2569],{"className":37,"code":458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2570,2571],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2572,2573],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2574,458],{"class":452},[600,2576,2578],{"id":2577},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[35,2580,2582],{"className":37,"code":2581,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2583,2584,2594,2604,2608,2628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2585,2586,2589,2591],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2587,2588],{"class":50},"guess ",[44,2590,55],{"class":54},[44,2592,2593],{"class":452}," 42\n",[44,2595,2596,2599,2601],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,2597,2598],{"class":50},"target ",[44,2600,55],{"class":54},[44,2602,2603],{"class":452}," 50\n",[44,2605,2606],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,2607,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,2609,2610,2613,2615,2617,2619,2621,2623,2626],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,2611,2612],{"class":50},"difference ",[44,2614,55],{"class":54},[44,2616,2064],{"class":58},[44,2618,63],{"class":62},[44,2620,2588],{"class":97},[44,2622,1854],{"class":54},[44,2624,2625],{"class":97}," target",[44,2627,76],{"class":62},[44,2629,2630,2632,2634,2637],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,2631,82],{"class":58},[44,2633,63],{"class":62},[44,2635,2636],{"class":97},"difference",[44,2638,76],{"class":62},[20,2640,1031],{},[35,2642,2643],{"className":37,"code":2212,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2644,2645],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2646,2647],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2648,2212],{"class":452},[20,2650,2651],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[30,2653,1486],{"id":1485},[600,2655,2657],{"id":2656},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2659,2660],{},"This causes an error:",[35,2662,2664],{"className":37,"code":2663,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2665,2666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2667,2668,2670,2672,2674,2676,2678,2680,2682],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2669,82],{"class":58},[44,2671,63],{"class":62},[44,2673,1849],{"class":58},[44,2675,63],{"class":62},[44,2677,67],{"class":66},[44,2679,1129],{"class":70},[44,2681,67],{"class":66},[44,2683,434],{"class":62},[20,2685,2686,2689,2690,2692],{},[15,2687,2688],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2691,1815],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2694,2695,2696,497,2700,449],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[491,2697,2698],{"href":493},[15,2699,496],{},[491,2701,2702],{"href":500},[15,2703,503],{},[35,2705,2707],{"className":37,"code":2706,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2708,2709,2732],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2710,2711,2713,2715,2717,2719,2721,2723,2725,2727,2729],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2712,82],{"class":58},[44,2714,63],{"class":62},[44,2716,1849],{"class":58},[44,2718,63],{"class":62},[44,2720,588],{"class":426},[44,2722,63],{"class":62},[44,2724,67],{"class":66},[44,2726,1129],{"class":70},[44,2728,67],{"class":66},[44,2730,2731],{"class":62},")))\n",[44,2733,2734,2736,2738,2740,2742,2744,2746,2748,2751,2753],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,2735,82],{"class":58},[44,2737,63],{"class":62},[44,2739,1849],{"class":58},[44,2741,63],{"class":62},[44,2743,2021],{"class":426},[44,2745,63],{"class":62},[44,2747,67],{"class":66},[44,2749,2750],{"class":70},"-3.2",[44,2752,67],{"class":66},[44,2754,2731],{"class":62},[20,2756,1031],{},[35,2758,2760],{"className":37,"code":2759,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n3.2\n",[15,2761,2762,2767],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2763,2764],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2765,2766],{"class":452},"5\n",[44,2768,2769],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,2770,2771],{"class":452},"3.2\n",[20,2773,2774,2775,2777,2778,504],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,2776,17],{}," always returns a string. See ",[491,2779,2781],{"href":2780},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[600,2783,2785],{"id":2784},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,2787,2788],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[35,2790,2792],{"className":37,"code":2791,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,2793,2794],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2795,2796,2798,2800,2802,2805,2808,2810,2813,2815,2817],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2797,82],{"class":58},[44,2799,63],{"class":62},[44,2801,1849],{"class":58},[44,2803,2804],{"class":62},"([",[44,2806,2807],{"class":452},"1",[44,2809,186],{"class":62},[44,2811,2812],{"class":452}," 2",[44,2814,186],{"class":62},[44,2816,2282],{"class":452},[44,2818,2819],{"class":62},"]))\n",[20,2821,2822,2823,2826],{},"This raises a ",[15,2824,2825],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[600,2828,2830],{"id":2829},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,2832,2833,2835],{},[15,2834,1815],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[35,2837,2839],{"className":37,"code":2838,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2840,2841,2853,2863,2867],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2842,2843,2846,2848,2850],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2844,2845],{"class":50},"x ",[44,2847,55],{"class":54},[44,2849,2051],{"class":54},[44,2851,2852],{"class":452},"9\n",[44,2854,2855,2857,2859,2861],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,2856,1849],{"class":58},[44,2858,63],{"class":62},[44,2860,2003],{"class":97},[44,2862,76],{"class":62},[44,2864,2865],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,2866,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,2868,2869,2871,2873,2875],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,2870,82],{"class":58},[44,2872,63],{"class":62},[44,2874,2003],{"class":97},[44,2876,76],{"class":62},[20,2878,1031],{},[35,2880,2882],{"className":37,"code":2881,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-9\n",[15,2883,2884],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2885,2886,2888],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2887,1854],{"class":54},[44,2889,2852],{"class":452},[20,2891,2892],{},"If you want to store the result:",[35,2894,2896],{"className":37,"code":2895,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2897,2898,2908,2922,2926],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2899,2900,2902,2904,2906],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2901,2845],{"class":50},[44,2903,55],{"class":54},[44,2905,2051],{"class":54},[44,2907,2852],{"class":452},[44,2909,2910,2912,2914,2916,2918,2920],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,2911,2845],{"class":50},[44,2913,55],{"class":54},[44,2915,2064],{"class":58},[44,2917,63],{"class":62},[44,2919,2003],{"class":97},[44,2921,76],{"class":62},[44,2923,2924],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,2925,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,2927,2928,2930,2932,2934],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,2929,82],{"class":58},[44,2931,63],{"class":62},[44,2933,2003],{"class":97},[44,2935,76],{"class":62},[20,2937,1031],{},[35,2939,2940],{"className":37,"code":2852,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2941,2942],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2943,2944],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2945,2852],{"class":452},[600,2947,2949],{"id":2948},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,2951,2952,2954],{},[15,2953,1815],{}," does not round numbers.",[35,2956,2958],{"className":37,"code":2957,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,2959,2960],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2961,2962,2964,2966,2968,2970,2972,2975],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2963,82],{"class":58},[44,2965,63],{"class":62},[44,2967,1849],{"class":58},[44,2969,63],{"class":62},[44,2971,1854],{"class":54},[44,2973,2974],{"class":452},"4.7",[44,2976,434],{"class":62},[20,2978,1031],{},[35,2980,2982],{"className":37,"code":2981,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4.7\n",[15,2983,2984],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2985,2986],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2987,2981],{"class":452},[20,2989,2990,2991,2993,2994,2996],{},"If you expected ",[15,2992,1129],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,2995,1815],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[30,2998,3000],{"id":2999},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3002,3003,3005],{},[15,3004,1815],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[126,3007,3008,3015,3022],{},[129,3009,3010,3012,3013],{},[15,3011,588],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3014,588],{},[129,3016,3017,3019,3020],{},[15,3018,2021],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3021,2021],{},[129,3023,3024,3019,3026],{},[15,3025,2025],{},[15,3027,2021],{},[20,3029,145],{},[35,3031,3033],{"className":37,"code":3032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3034,3035,3055,3076],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3036,3037,3039,3041,3043,3045,3047,3049,3051,3053],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3038,82],{"class":58},[44,3040,63],{"class":62},[44,3042,427],{"class":426},[44,3044,63],{"class":62},[44,3046,1849],{"class":58},[44,3048,63],{"class":62},[44,3050,1854],{"class":54},[44,3052,1129],{"class":452},[44,3054,2731],{"class":62},[44,3056,3057,3059,3061,3063,3065,3067,3069,3071,3074],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,3058,82],{"class":58},[44,3060,63],{"class":62},[44,3062,427],{"class":426},[44,3064,63],{"class":62},[44,3066,1849],{"class":58},[44,3068,63],{"class":62},[44,3070,1854],{"class":54},[44,3072,3073],{"class":452},"3.2",[44,3075,2731],{"class":62},[44,3077,3078,3080,3082,3084,3086,3088,3090,3092,3094,3096,3098],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,3079,82],{"class":58},[44,3081,63],{"class":62},[44,3083,427],{"class":426},[44,3085,63],{"class":62},[44,3087,1849],{"class":58},[44,3089,63],{"class":62},[44,3091,1894],{"class":452},[44,3093,94],{"class":54},[44,3095,2287],{"class":452},[44,3097,1897],{"class":466},[44,3099,2731],{"class":62},[20,3101,1031],{},[35,3103,3105],{"className":37,"code":3104,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3106,3107,3121,3135],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3108,3109,3111,3113,3115,3117,3119],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3110,463],{"class":54},[44,3112,467],{"class":466},[44,3114,470],{"class":66},[44,3116,588],{"class":70},[44,3118,476],{"class":66},[44,3120,479],{"class":54},[44,3122,3123,3125,3127,3129,3131,3133],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,3124,463],{"class":54},[44,3126,467],{"class":466},[44,3128,470],{"class":66},[44,3130,2021],{"class":70},[44,3132,476],{"class":66},[44,3134,479],{"class":54},[44,3136,3137,3139,3141,3143,3145,3147],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,3138,463],{"class":54},[44,3140,467],{"class":466},[44,3142,470],{"class":66},[44,3144,2021],{"class":70},[44,3146,476],{"class":66},[44,3148,479],{"class":54},[20,3150,3151],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3153,3154],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3156,3157],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[35,3159,3161],{"className":37,"code":3160,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3162,3163,3177,3187,3201,3205,3219],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3164,3165,3167,3169,3171,3174],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3166,338],{"class":50},[44,3168,55],{"class":54},[44,3170,1438],{"class":66},[44,3172,3173],{"class":70},"-5",[44,3175,3176],{"class":66},"\"\n",[44,3178,3179,3181,3183,3185],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,3180,82],{"class":58},[44,3182,63],{"class":62},[44,3184,354],{"class":97},[44,3186,76],{"class":62},[44,3188,3189,3191,3193,3195,3197,3199],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,3190,82],{"class":58},[44,3192,63],{"class":62},[44,3194,427],{"class":426},[44,3196,63],{"class":62},[44,3198,354],{"class":97},[44,3200,434],{"class":62},[44,3202,3203],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,3204,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,3206,3207,3210,3212,3214,3217],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,3208,3209],{"class":50},"user_input ",[44,3211,55],{"class":54},[44,3213,1438],{"class":66},[44,3215,3216],{"class":70},"-3.7",[44,3218,3176],{"class":66},[44,3220,3222,3224,3226,3228,3230,3232,3234,3237],{"class":46,"line":3221},6,[44,3223,82],{"class":58},[44,3225,63],{"class":62},[44,3227,1849],{"class":58},[44,3229,63],{"class":62},[44,3231,2021],{"class":426},[44,3233,63],{"class":62},[44,3235,3236],{"class":97},"user_input",[44,3238,2731],{"class":62},[20,3240,1031],{},[35,3242,3244],{"className":37,"code":3243,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3245,3246,3252,3266],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3247,3248,3250],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3249,1854],{"class":54},[44,3251,2766],{"class":452},[44,3253,3254,3256,3258,3260,3262,3264],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,3255,463],{"class":54},[44,3257,467],{"class":466},[44,3259,470],{"class":66},[44,3261,473],{"class":70},[44,3263,476],{"class":66},[44,3265,479],{"class":54},[44,3267,3268],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,3269,3270],{"class":452},"3.7\n",[30,3272,1651],{"id":1650},[600,3274,3276],{"id":3275},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3278,3279],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[600,3281,3283],{"id":3282},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3285,3286],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[600,3288,3290],{"id":3289},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3292,3293],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[600,3295,3297],{"id":3296},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3299,3300,3302,3303,497,3305,3307,3308,504],{},[15,3301,17],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3304,496],{},[15,3306,503],{}," before using ",[15,3309,1815],{},[600,3311,3313],{"id":3312},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3315,3316],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[30,3318,1719],{"id":1718},[126,3320,3321,3327,3333,3339,3344],{},[129,3322,3323],{},[491,3324,3325,1738],{"href":493},[15,3326,496],{},[129,3328,3329],{},[491,3330,3331,1738],{"href":500},[15,3332,503],{},[129,3334,3335],{},[491,3336,3337,1738],{"href":2129},[15,3338,2132],{},[129,3340,3341],{},[491,3342,3343],{"href":2780},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[129,3345,3346],{},[491,3347,2251],{"href":2250},[1758,3349,3350],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":3352},[3353,3354,3355,3356,3357,3358,3364,3370,3371,3378],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":1929,"depth":79,"text":1930},{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":2137,"depth":79,"text":2138},{"id":2254,"depth":79,"text":2255},{"id":2356,"depth":79,"text":2357,"children":3359},[3360,3361,3362,3363],{"id":2365,"depth":419,"text":2366},{"id":2462,"depth":419,"text":2463},{"id":2511,"depth":419,"text":2512},{"id":2577,"depth":419,"text":2578},{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486,"children":3365},[3366,3367,3368,3369],{"id":2656,"depth":419,"text":2657},{"id":2784,"depth":419,"text":2785},{"id":2829,"depth":419,"text":2830},{"id":2948,"depth":419,"text":2949},{"id":2999,"depth":79,"text":3000},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":3372},[3373,3374,3375,3376,3377],{"id":3275,"depth":419,"text":3276},{"id":3282,"depth":419,"text":3283},{"id":3289,"depth":419,"text":3290},{"id":3296,"depth":419,"text":3297},{"id":3312,"depth":419,"text":3313},{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1805,"description":3379},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3386,"title":3387,"body":3388,"description":5099,"extension":1796,"meta":5100,"navigation":807,"path":5101,"seo":5102,"stem":5103,"__hash__":5104},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3389,"toc":5063},[3390,3396,3402,3405,3422,3426,3485,3495,3500,3504,3523,3526,3543,3546,3550,3558,3576,3579,3619,3622,3629,3635,3712,3714,3746,3752,3756,3760,3799,3801,3810,3817,3821,3860,3862,3871,3881,3885,3941,3943,3951,3954,3957,4004,4006,4014,4020,4027,4032,4035,4038,4105,4107,4115,4118,4185,4187,4195,4209,4212,4223,4227,4233,4236,4238,4254,4256,4264,4267,4270,4273,4290,4293,4296,4326,4328,4341,4345,4349,4352,4367,4372,4375,4402,4409,4412,4452,4459,4465,4473,4476,4528,4534,4599,4604,4613,4616,4634,4640,4643,4785,4791,4796,4799,4810,4813,4869,4871,4879,4882,4941,4943,4951,4954,4965,4967,4974,4983,4991,4994,5001,5004,5013,5026,5028,5060],[10,3391,13,3393,18],{"id":3392},"python-all-function-explained",[15,3394,3395],{},"all()",[20,3397,3398,3399,3401],{},"Python’s ",[15,3400,3395],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3403,3404],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[126,3406,3407,3410,3413],{},[129,3408,3409],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[129,3411,3412],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[129,3414,3415,2228,3418,3421],{},[15,3416,3417],{},"all([])",[15,3419,3420],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[30,3423,3425],{"id":3424},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[35,3427,3429],{"className":37,"code":3428,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3430,3431,3454,3470],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3432,3433,3436,3438,3441,3443,3445,3447,3449,3451],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3434,3435],{"class":50},"numbers ",[44,3437,55],{"class":54},[44,3439,3440],{"class":62}," [",[44,3442,2807],{"class":452},[44,3444,186],{"class":62},[44,3446,2812],{"class":452},[44,3448,186],{"class":62},[44,3450,2282],{"class":452},[44,3452,3453],{"class":62},"]\n",[44,3455,3456,3458,3460,3463,3465,3468],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,3457,2059],{"class":50},[44,3459,55],{"class":54},[44,3461,3462],{"class":58}," all",[44,3464,63],{"class":62},[44,3466,3467],{"class":97},"numbers",[44,3469,76],{"class":62},[44,3471,3472,3474,3476,3478,3481],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,3473,82],{"class":58},[44,3475,63],{"class":62},[44,3477,2094],{"class":97},[44,3479,3480],{"class":62},")",[44,3482,3484],{"class":3483},"sutJx","  # True\n",[20,3486,3487,2228,3489,3491,3492,504],{},[15,3488,3395],{},[15,3490,3420],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3493,3494],{},"False",[30,3496,113,3498,116],{"id":3497},"what-all-does",[15,3499,3395],{},[20,3501,3502,449],{},[15,3503,3395],{},[126,3505,3506,3509,3515,3520],{},[129,3507,3508],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[129,3510,3511,3512,3514],{},"returns ",[15,3513,3420],{}," if all items are truthy",[129,3516,3511,3517,3519],{},[15,3518,3494],{}," if any item is falsy",[129,3521,3522],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3524,3525],{},"Basic syntax:",[35,3527,3529],{"className":37,"code":3528,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3530,3531],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3532,3533,3536,3538,3541],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3534,3535],{"class":58},"all",[44,3537,63],{"class":62},[44,3539,3540],{"class":97},"iterable",[44,3542,76],{"class":62},[20,3544,3545],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[30,3547,3549],{"id":3548},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3551,3552,3553,497,3555,3557],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3554,3420],{},[15,3556,3494],{}," in conditions.",[126,3559,3560,3569],{},[129,3561,3562,3566,3567],{},[3563,3564,3565],"strong",{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3568,3420],{},[129,3570,3571,3566,3574],{},[3563,3572,3573],{},"Falsy",[15,3575,3494],{},[20,3577,3578],{},"Common falsy values include:",[126,3580,3581,3585,3590,3595,3600,3604,3609,3614],{},[129,3582,3583],{},[15,3584,1951],{},[129,3586,3587],{},[15,3588,3589],{},"0.0",[129,3591,3592],{},[15,3593,3594],{},"''",[129,3596,3597],{},[15,3598,3599],{},"None",[129,3601,3602],{},[15,3603,3494],{},[129,3605,3606],{},[15,3607,3608],{},"[]",[129,3610,3611],{},[15,3612,3613],{},"{}",[129,3615,3616],{},[15,3617,3618],{},"set()",[20,3620,3621],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3623,3624,3625,504],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[491,3626,3628],{"href":3627},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3630,3631,3632,449],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3633,3634],{},"bool()",[35,3636,3638],{"className":37,"code":3637,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3639,3640,3678,3682],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3641,3642,3645,3647,3649,3651,3653,3656,3658,3661,3663,3665,3668,3670,3672,3676],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3643,3644],{"class":50},"values ",[44,3646,55],{"class":54},[44,3648,3440],{"class":62},[44,3650,2807],{"class":452},[44,3652,186],{"class":62},[44,3654,3655],{"class":452}," 0",[44,3657,186],{"class":62},[44,3659,3660],{"class":66}," ''",[44,3662,186],{"class":62},[44,3664,470],{"class":66},[44,3666,3667],{"class":70},"hello",[44,3669,476],{"class":66},[44,3671,186],{"class":62},[44,3673,3675],{"class":3674},"s39Yj"," None",[44,3677,3453],{"class":62},[44,3679,3680],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,3681,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,3683,3684,3686,3688,3691,3693,3695,3697,3700,3703,3706,3709],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,3685,82],{"class":58},[44,3687,2804],{"class":62},[44,3689,3690],{"class":426},"bool",[44,3692,63],{"class":62},[44,3694,2003],{"class":97},[44,3696,3480],{"class":62},[44,3698,3699],{"class":1384}," for",[44,3701,3702],{"class":97}," x ",[44,3704,3705],{"class":1384},"in",[44,3707,3708],{"class":97}," values",[44,3710,3711],{"class":62},"])\n",[20,3713,1031],{},[35,3715,3717],{"className":37,"code":3716,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3718,3719],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3720,3721,3724,3726,3728,3731,3733,3735,3737,3740,3742,3744],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3722,3723],{"class":62},"[",[44,3725,3420],{"class":3674},[44,3727,186],{"class":62},[44,3729,3730],{"class":3674}," False",[44,3732,186],{"class":62},[44,3734,3730],{"class":3674},[44,3736,186],{"class":62},[44,3738,3739],{"class":3674}," True",[44,3741,186],{"class":62},[44,3743,3730],{"class":3674},[44,3745,3453],{"class":62},[20,3747,3748,3749,3751],{},"This matters because ",[15,3750,3395],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[30,3753,3755],{"id":3754},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[600,3757,3759],{"id":3758},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[35,3761,3763],{"className":37,"code":3762,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3764,3765,3785],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3766,3767,3769,3771,3773,3775,3777,3779,3781,3783],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3768,3435],{"class":50},[44,3770,55],{"class":54},[44,3772,3440],{"class":62},[44,3774,2807],{"class":452},[44,3776,186],{"class":62},[44,3778,2812],{"class":452},[44,3780,186],{"class":62},[44,3782,2282],{"class":452},[44,3784,3453],{"class":62},[44,3786,3787,3789,3791,3793,3795,3797],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,3788,82],{"class":58},[44,3790,63],{"class":62},[44,3792,3535],{"class":58},[44,3794,63],{"class":62},[44,3796,3467],{"class":97},[44,3798,434],{"class":62},[20,3800,1031],{},[35,3802,3804],{"className":37,"code":3803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\n",[15,3805,3806],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3807,3808],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3809,3803],{"class":3674},[20,3811,3812,3813,2228,3815,504],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,3814,3395],{},[15,3816,3420],{},[600,3818,3820],{"id":3819},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[35,3822,3824],{"className":37,"code":3823,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3825,3826,3846],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3827,3828,3830,3832,3834,3836,3838,3840,3842,3844],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3829,3435],{"class":50},[44,3831,55],{"class":54},[44,3833,3440],{"class":62},[44,3835,2807],{"class":452},[44,3837,186],{"class":62},[44,3839,3655],{"class":452},[44,3841,186],{"class":62},[44,3843,2282],{"class":452},[44,3845,3453],{"class":62},[44,3847,3848,3850,3852,3854,3856,3858],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,3849,82],{"class":58},[44,3851,63],{"class":62},[44,3853,3535],{"class":58},[44,3855,63],{"class":62},[44,3857,3467],{"class":97},[44,3859,434],{"class":62},[20,3861,1031],{},[35,3863,3865],{"className":37,"code":3864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\n",[15,3866,3867],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3868,3869],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3870,3864],{"class":3674},[20,3872,3873,3874,3876,3877,2228,3879,504],{},"The value ",[15,3875,1951],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,3878,3395],{},[15,3880,3494],{},[600,3882,3884],{"id":3883},"example-strings","Example: strings",[35,3886,3888],{"className":37,"code":3887,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3889,3890,3926],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3891,3892,3895,3897,3899,3901,3904,3906,3908,3910,3913,3915,3917,3919,3922,3924],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3893,3894],{"class":50},"words ",[44,3896,55],{"class":54},[44,3898,3440],{"class":62},[44,3900,476],{"class":66},[44,3902,3903],{"class":70},"apple",[44,3905,476],{"class":66},[44,3907,186],{"class":62},[44,3909,470],{"class":66},[44,3911,3912],{"class":70},"banana",[44,3914,476],{"class":66},[44,3916,186],{"class":62},[44,3918,470],{"class":66},[44,3920,3921],{"class":70},"cherry",[44,3923,476],{"class":66},[44,3925,3453],{"class":62},[44,3927,3928,3930,3932,3934,3936,3939],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,3929,82],{"class":58},[44,3931,63],{"class":62},[44,3933,3535],{"class":58},[44,3935,63],{"class":62},[44,3937,3938],{"class":97},"words",[44,3940,434],{"class":62},[20,3942,1031],{},[35,3944,3945],{"className":37,"code":3803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,3946,3947],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3948,3949],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3950,3803],{"class":3674},[20,3952,3953],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,3955,3956],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[35,3958,3960],{"className":37,"code":3959,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3961,3962,3990],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3963,3964,3966,3968,3970,3972,3974,3976,3978,3980,3982,3984,3986,3988],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3965,3894],{"class":50},[44,3967,55],{"class":54},[44,3969,3440],{"class":62},[44,3971,476],{"class":66},[44,3973,3903],{"class":70},[44,3975,476],{"class":66},[44,3977,186],{"class":62},[44,3979,3660],{"class":66},[44,3981,186],{"class":62},[44,3983,470],{"class":66},[44,3985,3921],{"class":70},[44,3987,476],{"class":66},[44,3989,3453],{"class":62},[44,3991,3992,3994,3996,3998,4000,4002],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,3993,82],{"class":58},[44,3995,63],{"class":62},[44,3997,3535],{"class":58},[44,3999,63],{"class":62},[44,4001,3938],{"class":97},[44,4003,434],{"class":62},[20,4005,1031],{},[35,4007,4008],{"className":37,"code":3864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4009,4010],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4011,4012],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4013,3864],{"class":3674},[20,4015,4016,4017,4019],{},"The empty string ",[15,4018,3594],{}," is falsy.",[30,4021,4023,4024,4026],{"id":4022},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4025,3395],{}," works with conditions",[20,4028,4029,4031],{},[15,4030,3395],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4033,4034],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4036,4037],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[35,4039,4041],{"className":37,"code":4040,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4042,4043,4063,4091,4095],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4044,4045,4047,4049,4051,4053,4055,4057,4059,4061],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4046,3435],{"class":50},[44,4048,55],{"class":54},[44,4050,3440],{"class":62},[44,4052,2807],{"class":452},[44,4054,186],{"class":62},[44,4056,2812],{"class":452},[44,4058,186],{"class":62},[44,4060,2282],{"class":452},[44,4062,3453],{"class":62},[44,4064,4065,4067,4069,4071,4073,4075,4078,4080,4082,4084,4086,4089],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,4066,2059],{"class":50},[44,4068,55],{"class":54},[44,4070,3462],{"class":58},[44,4072,63],{"class":62},[44,4074,2845],{"class":97},[44,4076,4077],{"class":54},">",[44,4079,3655],{"class":452},[44,4081,3699],{"class":1384},[44,4083,3702],{"class":97},[44,4085,3705],{"class":1384},[44,4087,4088],{"class":97}," numbers",[44,4090,76],{"class":62},[44,4092,4093],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,4094,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,4096,4097,4099,4101,4103],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,4098,82],{"class":58},[44,4100,63],{"class":62},[44,4102,2094],{"class":97},[44,4104,76],{"class":62},[20,4106,1031],{},[35,4108,4109],{"className":37,"code":3803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4110,4111],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4112,4113],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4114,3803],{"class":3674},[20,4116,4117],{},"Here is one that fails:",[35,4119,4121],{"className":37,"code":4120,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4122,4123,4145,4171,4175],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4124,4125,4127,4129,4131,4133,4135,4137,4139,4141,4143],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4126,3435],{"class":50},[44,4128,55],{"class":54},[44,4130,3440],{"class":62},[44,4132,2807],{"class":452},[44,4134,186],{"class":62},[44,4136,2051],{"class":54},[44,4138,1889],{"class":452},[44,4140,186],{"class":62},[44,4142,2282],{"class":452},[44,4144,3453],{"class":62},[44,4146,4147,4149,4151,4153,4155,4157,4159,4161,4163,4165,4167,4169],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,4148,2059],{"class":50},[44,4150,55],{"class":54},[44,4152,3462],{"class":58},[44,4154,63],{"class":62},[44,4156,2845],{"class":97},[44,4158,4077],{"class":54},[44,4160,3655],{"class":452},[44,4162,3699],{"class":1384},[44,4164,3702],{"class":97},[44,4166,3705],{"class":1384},[44,4168,4088],{"class":97},[44,4170,76],{"class":62},[44,4172,4173],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,4174,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,4176,4177,4179,4181,4183],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,4178,82],{"class":58},[44,4180,63],{"class":62},[44,4182,2094],{"class":97},[44,4184,76],{"class":62},[20,4186,1031],{},[35,4188,4189],{"className":37,"code":3864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4190,4191],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4192,4193],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4194,3864],{"class":3674},[20,4196,4197,4198,4201,4202,4204,4205,2228,4207,504],{},"The expression ",[15,4199,4200],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4203,3420],{},", then ",[15,4206,3395],{},[15,4208,3420],{},[20,4210,4211],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4213,4214,4215,1126,4219,504],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[491,4216,4218],{"href":4217},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[491,4220,4222],{"href":4221},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[30,4224,4226],{"id":4225},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4228,4229,2228,4231,504],{},[15,4230,3417],{},[15,4232,3420],{},[20,4234,4235],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4237,145],{},[35,4239,4241],{"className":37,"code":4240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4242,4243],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4244,4245,4247,4249,4251],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4246,82],{"class":58},[44,4248,63],{"class":62},[44,4250,3535],{"class":58},[44,4252,4253],{"class":62},"([]))\n",[20,4255,1031],{},[35,4257,4258],{"className":37,"code":3803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4259,4260],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4261,4262],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4263,3803],{"class":3674},[20,4265,4266],{},"Why?",[20,4268,4269],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4271,4272],{},"Think of it this way:",[126,4274,4275,4282,4285],{},[129,4276,4277,2228,4279,4281],{},[15,4278,3395],{},[15,4280,3494],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[129,4283,4284],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[129,4286,4287,4288],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4289,3494],{},[20,4291,4292],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4294,4295],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[35,4297,4299],{"className":37,"code":4298,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4300,4301,4312],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4302,4303,4305,4307,4309],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4304,82],{"class":58},[44,4306,63],{"class":62},[44,4308,3535],{"class":58},[44,4310,4311],{"class":62},"(()))\n",[44,4313,4314,4316,4318,4320,4322,4324],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,4315,82],{"class":58},[44,4317,63],{"class":62},[44,4319,3535],{"class":58},[44,4321,63],{"class":62},[44,4323,3594],{"class":66},[44,4325,434],{"class":62},[20,4327,1031],{},[35,4329,4331],{"className":37,"code":4330,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4332,4333,4337],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4334,4335],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4336,3803],{"class":3674},[44,4338,4339],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,4340,3803],{"class":3674},[30,4342,4344],{"id":4343},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[600,4346,4348],{"id":4347},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4350,4351],{},"This is wrong:",[35,4353,4355],{"className":37,"code":4354,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4356,4357,4362],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4358,4359],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4360,4361],{"class":3483},"# Wrong\n",[44,4363,4364],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,4365,4366],{"class":3483},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4368,4369,4371],{},[15,4370,3395],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4373,4374],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[35,4376,4378],{"className":37,"code":4377,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4379,4380],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4381,4382,4384,4386,4388,4390,4392,4394,4396,4398,4400],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4383,82],{"class":58},[44,4385,63],{"class":62},[44,4387,3535],{"class":58},[44,4389,2804],{"class":62},[44,4391,2807],{"class":452},[44,4393,186],{"class":62},[44,4395,2812],{"class":452},[44,4397,186],{"class":62},[44,4399,2282],{"class":452},[44,4401,2819],{"class":62},[600,4403,4405,4406,4408],{"id":4404},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4407,3395],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4410,4411],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[35,4413,4415],{"className":37,"code":4414,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4416,4417,4438],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4418,4419,4421,4423,4425,4427,4429,4432,4434,4436],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4420,3435],{"class":50},[44,4422,55],{"class":54},[44,4424,3440],{"class":62},[44,4426,1129],{"class":452},[44,4428,186],{"class":62},[44,4430,4431],{"class":452}," 5",[44,4433,186],{"class":62},[44,4435,4431],{"class":452},[44,4437,3453],{"class":62},[44,4439,4440,4442,4444,4446,4448,4450],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,4441,82],{"class":58},[44,4443,63],{"class":62},[44,4445,3535],{"class":58},[44,4447,63],{"class":62},[44,4449,3467],{"class":97},[44,4451,434],{"class":62},[20,4453,4454,4455,4458],{},"This does ",[3563,4456,4457],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4460,4461,4462,4464],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4463,1129],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[35,4466,4467],{"className":37,"code":3803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4468,4469],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4470,4471],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4472,3803],{"class":3674},[20,4474,4475],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[35,4477,4479],{"className":37,"code":4478,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4480,4481,4501],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4482,4483,4485,4487,4489,4491,4493,4495,4497,4499],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4484,3435],{"class":50},[44,4486,55],{"class":54},[44,4488,3440],{"class":62},[44,4490,1129],{"class":452},[44,4492,186],{"class":62},[44,4494,4431],{"class":452},[44,4496,186],{"class":62},[44,4498,4431],{"class":452},[44,4500,3453],{"class":62},[44,4502,4503,4505,4507,4509,4511,4513,4516,4518,4520,4522,4524,4526],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,4504,82],{"class":58},[44,4506,63],{"class":62},[44,4508,3535],{"class":58},[44,4510,63],{"class":62},[44,4512,2845],{"class":97},[44,4514,4515],{"class":54},"==",[44,4517,4431],{"class":452},[44,4519,3699],{"class":1384},[44,4521,3702],{"class":97},[44,4523,3705],{"class":1384},[44,4525,4088],{"class":97},[44,4527,434],{"class":62},[600,4529,984,4531,4533],{"id":4530},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy",[15,4532,1951],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[35,4535,4537],{"className":37,"code":4536,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4538,4539,4565],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4540,4541,4543,4545,4547,4549,4551,4553,4555,4557,4559,4562],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4542,82],{"class":58},[44,4544,63],{"class":62},[44,4546,3535],{"class":58},[44,4548,2804],{"class":62},[44,4550,2807],{"class":452},[44,4552,186],{"class":62},[44,4554,2812],{"class":452},[44,4556,186],{"class":62},[44,4558,3655],{"class":452},[44,4560,4561],{"class":62},"]))",[44,4563,4564],{"class":3483},"       # False\n",[44,4566,4567,4569,4571,4573,4575,4577,4579,4581,4583,4585,4588,4590,4592,4594,4596],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,4568,82],{"class":58},[44,4570,63],{"class":62},[44,4572,3535],{"class":58},[44,4574,2804],{"class":62},[44,4576,476],{"class":66},[44,4578,491],{"class":70},[44,4580,476],{"class":66},[44,4582,186],{"class":62},[44,4584,470],{"class":66},[44,4586,4587],{"class":70},"b",[44,4589,476],{"class":66},[44,4591,186],{"class":62},[44,4593,3660],{"class":66},[44,4595,4561],{"class":62},[44,4597,4598],{"class":3483},"  # False\n",[20,4600,4601,4602,504],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4603,3494],{},[600,4605,4607,4608,4610,4611],{"id":4606},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4609,3417],{}," is ",[15,4612,3420],{},[20,4614,4615],{},"This is expected behavior:",[35,4617,4619],{"className":37,"code":4618,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4620,4621],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4622,4623,4625,4627,4629,4632],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4624,82],{"class":58},[44,4626,63],{"class":62},[44,4628,3535],{"class":58},[44,4630,4631],{"class":62},"([]))",[44,4633,3484],{"class":3483},[20,4635,4636,4637,4639],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4638,3420],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4641,4642],{},"Useful quick tests:",[35,4644,4646],{"className":37,"code":4645,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4647,4648,4670,4692,4739,4775],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4649,4650,4652,4654,4656,4658,4660,4662,4664,4666,4668],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4651,82],{"class":58},[44,4653,63],{"class":62},[44,4655,3535],{"class":58},[44,4657,2804],{"class":62},[44,4659,2807],{"class":452},[44,4661,186],{"class":62},[44,4663,2812],{"class":452},[44,4665,186],{"class":62},[44,4667,2282],{"class":452},[44,4669,2819],{"class":62},[44,4671,4672,4674,4676,4678,4680,4682,4684,4686,4688,4690],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,4673,82],{"class":58},[44,4675,63],{"class":62},[44,4677,3535],{"class":58},[44,4679,2804],{"class":62},[44,4681,2807],{"class":452},[44,4683,186],{"class":62},[44,4685,3655],{"class":452},[44,4687,186],{"class":62},[44,4689,2282],{"class":452},[44,4691,2819],{"class":62},[44,4693,4694,4696,4698,4700,4702,4704,4706,4708,4710,4712,4714,4716,4718,4720,4722,4724,4726,4728,4730,4732,4734,4736],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,4695,82],{"class":58},[44,4697,2804],{"class":62},[44,4699,3690],{"class":426},[44,4701,63],{"class":62},[44,4703,2003],{"class":97},[44,4705,3480],{"class":62},[44,4707,3699],{"class":1384},[44,4709,3702],{"class":97},[44,4711,3705],{"class":1384},[44,4713,3440],{"class":62},[44,4715,2807],{"class":452},[44,4717,186],{"class":62},[44,4719,3655],{"class":452},[44,4721,186],{"class":62},[44,4723,3660],{"class":66},[44,4725,186],{"class":62},[44,4727,470],{"class":66},[44,4729,3667],{"class":70},[44,4731,476],{"class":66},[44,4733,186],{"class":62},[44,4735,3675],{"class":3674},[44,4737,4738],{"class":62},"]])\n",[44,4740,4741,4743,4745,4747,4749,4751,4753,4755,4757,4759,4761,4763,4765,4767,4769,4771,4773],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,4742,82],{"class":58},[44,4744,63],{"class":62},[44,4746,3535],{"class":58},[44,4748,63],{"class":62},[44,4750,2845],{"class":97},[44,4752,4077],{"class":54},[44,4754,3655],{"class":452},[44,4756,3699],{"class":1384},[44,4758,3702],{"class":97},[44,4760,3705],{"class":1384},[44,4762,3440],{"class":62},[44,4764,2807],{"class":452},[44,4766,186],{"class":62},[44,4768,2812],{"class":452},[44,4770,186],{"class":62},[44,4772,2282],{"class":452},[44,4774,2819],{"class":62},[44,4776,4777,4779,4781,4783],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,4778,82],{"class":58},[44,4780,63],{"class":62},[44,4782,3535],{"class":58},[44,4784,4253],{"class":62},[30,4786,4788,4789],{"id":4787},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[15,4790,3395],{},[20,4792,4793,4795],{},[15,4794,3395],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,4797,4798],{},"Common use cases:",[126,4800,4801,4804,4807],{},[129,4802,4803],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[129,4805,4806],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[129,4808,4809],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,4811,4812],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[35,4814,4816],{"className":37,"code":4815,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,4817,4818,4854],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4819,4820,4823,4825,4827,4829,4832,4834,4836,4838,4841,4843,4845,4847,4850,4852],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4821,4822],{"class":50},"names ",[44,4824,55],{"class":54},[44,4826,3440],{"class":62},[44,4828,476],{"class":66},[44,4830,4831],{"class":70},"Alice",[44,4833,476],{"class":66},[44,4835,186],{"class":62},[44,4837,470],{"class":66},[44,4839,4840],{"class":70},"Bob",[44,4842,476],{"class":66},[44,4844,186],{"class":62},[44,4846,470],{"class":66},[44,4848,4849],{"class":70},"Charlie",[44,4851,476],{"class":66},[44,4853,3453],{"class":62},[44,4855,4856,4858,4860,4862,4864,4867],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,4857,82],{"class":58},[44,4859,63],{"class":62},[44,4861,3535],{"class":58},[44,4863,63],{"class":62},[44,4865,4866],{"class":97},"names",[44,4868,434],{"class":62},[20,4870,1031],{},[35,4872,4873],{"className":37,"code":3803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4874,4875],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4876,4877],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4878,3803],{"class":3674},[20,4880,4881],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[35,4883,4885],{"className":37,"code":4884,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,4886,4887,4911],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4888,4889,4892,4894,4896,4899,4901,4904,4906,4909],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4890,4891],{"class":50},"scores ",[44,4893,55],{"class":54},[44,4895,3440],{"class":62},[44,4897,4898],{"class":452},"75",[44,4900,186],{"class":62},[44,4902,4903],{"class":452}," 80",[44,4905,186],{"class":62},[44,4907,4908],{"class":452}," 50",[44,4910,3453],{"class":62},[44,4912,4913,4915,4917,4919,4921,4924,4927,4929,4931,4934,4936,4939],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,4914,82],{"class":58},[44,4916,63],{"class":62},[44,4918,3535],{"class":58},[44,4920,63],{"class":62},[44,4922,4923],{"class":97},"score ",[44,4925,4926],{"class":54},">=",[44,4928,4908],{"class":452},[44,4930,3699],{"class":1384},[44,4932,4933],{"class":97}," score ",[44,4935,3705],{"class":1384},[44,4937,4938],{"class":97}," scores",[44,4940,434],{"class":62},[20,4942,1031],{},[35,4944,4945],{"className":37,"code":3803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4946,4947],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4948,4949],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4950,3803],{"class":3674},[20,4952,4953],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,4955,4956,4957,1126,4961,504],{},"For related tasks, see ",[491,4958,4960],{"href":4959},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[491,4962,4964],{"href":4963},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[30,4966,1651],{"id":1650},[600,4968,4970,4971,4973],{"id":4969},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,4972,3395],{}," return in Python?",[20,4975,4976,4977,4979,4980,4982],{},"It returns ",[15,4978,3420],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,4981,3494],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[600,4984,1683,4986,4988,4989,213],{"id":4985},"why-does-all-return-true",[15,4987,3417],{}," return ",[15,4990,3420],{},[20,4992,4993],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[600,4995,4997,4998,5000],{"id":4996},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,4999,3395],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5002,5003],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[600,5005,5007,5008,1126,5010,213],{"id":5006},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,5009,3395],{},[15,5011,5012],{},"any()",[20,5014,5015,5017,5018,5020,5021,504],{},[15,5016,3395],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5019,5012],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[491,5022,13,5024,1738],{"href":5023},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5025,5012],{},[30,5027,1719],{"id":1718},[126,5029,5030,5036,5040,5045,5050,5055],{},[129,5031,5032],{},[491,5033,13,5034,1738],{"href":5023},[15,5035,5012],{},[129,5037,5038],{},[491,5039,3628],{"href":3627},[129,5041,5042],{},[491,5043,5044],{"href":4963},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[129,5046,5047],{},[491,5048,5049],{"href":4959},"How to filter a list in Python",[129,5051,5052],{},[491,5053,5054],{"href":4217},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[129,5056,5057],{},[491,5058,5059],{"href":4221},"What is an iterable in Python",[1758,5061,5062],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":5064},[5065,5066,5068,5069,5074,5076,5077,5086,5088,5098],{"id":3424,"depth":79,"text":3425},{"id":3497,"depth":79,"text":5067},"What all() does",{"id":3548,"depth":79,"text":3549},{"id":3754,"depth":79,"text":3755,"children":5070},[5071,5072,5073],{"id":3758,"depth":419,"text":3759},{"id":3819,"depth":419,"text":3820},{"id":3883,"depth":419,"text":3884},{"id":4022,"depth":79,"text":5075},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4225,"depth":79,"text":4226},{"id":4343,"depth":79,"text":4344,"children":5078},[5079,5080,5082,5084],{"id":4347,"depth":419,"text":4348},{"id":4404,"depth":419,"text":5081},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4530,"depth":419,"text":5083},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4606,"depth":419,"text":5085},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4787,"depth":79,"text":5087},"When to use all()",{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":5089},[5090,5092,5094,5096],{"id":4969,"depth":419,"text":5091},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":4985,"depth":419,"text":5093},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":4996,"depth":419,"text":5095},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5006,"depth":419,"text":5097},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3387,"description":5099},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5106,"title":5107,"body":5108,"description":6798,"extension":1796,"meta":6799,"navigation":807,"path":5023,"seo":6800,"stem":6801,"__hash__":6802},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5109,"toc":6776},[5110,5113,5121,5124,5141,5149,5193,5202,5206,5211,5214,5231,5234,5245,5257,5261,5264,5279,5284,5287,5299,5302,5386,5389,5410,5416,5418,5426,5440,5442,5476,5478,5481,5542,5544,5561,5564,5591,5593,5601,5613,5617,5620,5659,5661,5669,5671,5687,5695,5698,5741,5743,5751,5756,5760,5768,5771,5798,5801,5804,5878,5880,5888,5894,5918,5929,5932,6011,6013,6021,6028,6032,6037,6052,6054,6062,6065,6071,6074,6120,6122,6139,6143,6148,6159,6162,6276,6279,6338,6344,6346,6351,6355,6357,6376,6382,6385,6404,6408,6417,6444,6446,6454,6462,6466,6472,6495,6497,6505,6512,6516,6519,6570,6573,6624,6627,6629,6633,6640,6644,6651,6655,6663,6667,6670,6692,6694,6744,6746,6773],[10,5111,5107],{"id":5112},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5114,5115,5117,5118,504],{},[15,5116,5012],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[3563,5119,5120],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5122,5123],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[126,5125,5126,5129,5132,5135,5138],{},[129,5127,5128],{},"lists",[129,5130,5131],{},"tuples",[129,5133,5134],{},"sets",[129,5136,5137],{},"strings",[129,5139,5140],{},"generator expressions",[20,5142,5143,5144,497,5146,5148],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5145,3420],{},[15,5147,3494],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[35,5150,5152],{"className":37,"code":5151,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5153,5154,5174],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5155,5156,5158,5160,5162,5164,5166,5168,5170,5172],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5157,3644],{"class":50},[44,5159,55],{"class":54},[44,5161,3440],{"class":62},[44,5163,1951],{"class":452},[44,5165,186],{"class":62},[44,5167,3660],{"class":66},[44,5169,186],{"class":62},[44,5171,4431],{"class":452},[44,5173,3453],{"class":62},[44,5175,5176,5178,5180,5183,5185,5188,5191],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,5177,82],{"class":58},[44,5179,63],{"class":62},[44,5181,5182],{"class":58},"any",[44,5184,63],{"class":62},[44,5186,5187],{"class":97},"values",[44,5189,5190],{"class":62},"))",[44,5192,3484],{"class":3483},[20,5194,103,5195,5198,5199,5201],{},[15,5196,5197],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5200,3420],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[30,5203,5205],{"id":5204},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5207,5208,5210],{},[15,5209,5012],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5212,5213],{},"It returns:",[126,5215,5216,5221,5226],{},[129,5217,5218,5220],{},[15,5219,3420],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[129,5222,5223,5225],{},[15,5224,3494],{}," if all items are falsy",[129,5227,5228,5230],{},[15,5229,3494],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5232,5233],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[126,5235,5236,5239,5242],{},[129,5237,5238],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[129,5240,5241],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[129,5243,5244],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5246,5247,5248,5251,5252,504],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[3563,5249,5250],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[491,5253,5255],{"href":5254},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5256,3395],{},[30,5258,5260],{"id":5259},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5262,5263],{},"The syntax is simple:",[35,5265,5267],{"className":37,"code":5266,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5268,5269],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5270,5271,5273,5275,5277],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5272,5182],{"class":58},[44,5274,63],{"class":62},[44,5276,3540],{"class":97},[44,5278,76],{"class":62},[20,5280,5281,5282,504],{},"The argument must be an ",[3563,5283,3540],{},[20,5285,5286],{},"Common inputs include:",[126,5288,5289,5291,5293,5295,5297],{},[129,5290,5128],{},[129,5292,5131],{},[129,5294,5134],{},[129,5296,5137],{},[129,5298,5140],{},[20,5300,5301],{},"For example:",[35,5303,5305],{"className":37,"code":5304,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5306,5307,5329,5348,5368],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5308,5309,5311,5313,5315,5317,5319,5321,5323,5325,5327],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5310,82],{"class":58},[44,5312,63],{"class":62},[44,5314,5182],{"class":58},[44,5316,2804],{"class":62},[44,5318,1951],{"class":452},[44,5320,186],{"class":62},[44,5322,3655],{"class":452},[44,5324,186],{"class":62},[44,5326,711],{"class":452},[44,5328,2819],{"class":62},[44,5330,5331,5333,5335,5337,5340,5342,5344,5346],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,5332,82],{"class":58},[44,5334,63],{"class":62},[44,5336,5182],{"class":58},[44,5338,5339],{"class":62},"((",[44,5341,3494],{"class":3674},[44,5343,186],{"class":62},[44,5345,3730],{"class":3674},[44,5347,2731],{"class":62},[44,5349,5350,5352,5354,5356,5359,5361,5363,5365],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,5351,82],{"class":58},[44,5353,63],{"class":62},[44,5355,5182],{"class":58},[44,5357,5358],{"class":62},"({",[44,5360,1951],{"class":452},[44,5362,186],{"class":62},[44,5364,2812],{"class":452},[44,5366,5367],{"class":62},"}))\n",[44,5369,5370,5372,5374,5376,5378,5380,5382,5384],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,5371,82],{"class":58},[44,5373,63],{"class":62},[44,5375,5182],{"class":58},[44,5377,63],{"class":62},[44,5379,67],{"class":66},[44,5381,3667],{"class":70},[44,5383,67],{"class":66},[44,5385,434],{"class":62},[20,5387,5388],{},"Expected output:",[35,5390,5392],{"className":37,"code":5391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5393,5394,5398,5402,5406],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5395,5396],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5397,3803],{"class":3674},[44,5399,5400],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,5401,3864],{"class":3674},[44,5403,5404],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,5405,3803],{"class":3674},[44,5407,5408],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,5409,3803],{"class":3674},[20,5411,5412,5413,504],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[491,5414,4964],{"href":5415},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[30,5417,3549],{"id":3548},[20,5419,3552,5420,497,5423,3557],{},[3563,5421,5422],{},"truthy",[3563,5424,5425],{},"falsy",[126,5427,5428,5434],{},[129,5429,5430,3566,5432],{},[3563,5431,3565],{},[15,5433,3420],{},[129,5435,5436,3566,5438],{},[3563,5437,3573],{},[15,5439,3494],{},[20,5441,3578],{},[126,5443,5444,5448,5452,5456,5460,5464,5468,5472],{},[129,5445,5446],{},[15,5447,3494],{},[129,5449,5450],{},[15,5451,1951],{},[129,5453,5454],{},[15,5455,3589],{},[129,5457,5458],{},[15,5459,3594],{},[129,5461,5462],{},[15,5463,3608],{},[129,5465,5466],{},[15,5467,3613],{},[129,5469,5470],{},[15,5471,3618],{},[129,5473,5474],{},[15,5475,3599],{},[20,5477,3621],{},[20,5479,5480],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[35,5482,5484],{"className":37,"code":5483,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5485,5486,5500,5518],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5487,5488,5490,5492,5494,5496,5498],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5489,82],{"class":58},[44,5491,63],{"class":62},[44,5493,5182],{"class":58},[44,5495,2804],{"class":62},[44,5497,2807],{"class":452},[44,5499,2819],{"class":62},[44,5501,5502,5504,5506,5508,5510,5512,5514,5516],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,5503,82],{"class":58},[44,5505,63],{"class":62},[44,5507,5182],{"class":58},[44,5509,2804],{"class":62},[44,5511,476],{"class":66},[44,5513,3667],{"class":70},[44,5515,476],{"class":66},[44,5517,2819],{"class":62},[44,5519,5520,5522,5524,5526,5529,5531,5533,5535,5537,5539],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,5521,82],{"class":58},[44,5523,63],{"class":62},[44,5525,5182],{"class":58},[44,5527,5528],{"class":62},"([[",[44,5530,2807],{"class":452},[44,5532,186],{"class":62},[44,5534,2812],{"class":452},[44,5536,186],{"class":62},[44,5538,2282],{"class":452},[44,5540,5541],{"class":62},"]]))\n",[20,5543,5388],{},[35,5545,5547],{"className":37,"code":5546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5548,5549,5553,5557],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5550,5551],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5552,3803],{"class":3674},[44,5554,5555],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,5556,3803],{"class":3674},[44,5558,5559],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,5560,3803],{"class":3674},[20,5562,5563],{},"And these are all falsy:",[35,5565,5567],{"className":37,"code":5566,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5568,5569],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5570,5571,5573,5575,5577,5579,5581,5583,5585,5587,5589],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5572,82],{"class":58},[44,5574,63],{"class":62},[44,5576,5182],{"class":58},[44,5578,2804],{"class":62},[44,5580,1951],{"class":452},[44,5582,186],{"class":62},[44,5584,3660],{"class":66},[44,5586,186],{"class":62},[44,5588,3675],{"class":3674},[44,5590,2819],{"class":62},[20,5592,5388],{},[35,5594,5595],{"className":37,"code":3864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5596,5597],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5598,5599],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5600,3864],{"class":3674},[20,5602,5603,5604,1126,5607,504],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[491,5605,3628],{"href":5606},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[491,5608,5610,5612],{"href":5609},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5611,3634],{}," explained",[30,5614,5616],{"id":5615},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5618,5619],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[35,5621,5623],{"className":37,"code":5622,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5624,5625,5645],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5626,5627,5629,5631,5633,5635,5637,5639,5641,5643],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5628,3644],{"class":50},[44,5630,55],{"class":54},[44,5632,3440],{"class":62},[44,5634,1951],{"class":452},[44,5636,186],{"class":62},[44,5638,3660],{"class":66},[44,5640,186],{"class":62},[44,5642,4431],{"class":452},[44,5644,3453],{"class":62},[44,5646,5647,5649,5651,5653,5655,5657],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,5648,82],{"class":58},[44,5650,63],{"class":62},[44,5652,5182],{"class":58},[44,5654,63],{"class":62},[44,5656,5187],{"class":97},[44,5658,434],{"class":62},[20,5660,1031],{},[35,5662,5663],{"className":37,"code":3803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5664,5665],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5666,5667],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5668,3803],{"class":3674},[20,5670,4266],{},[126,5672,5673,5678,5682],{},[129,5674,5675,5677],{},[15,5676,1951],{}," is falsy",[129,5679,5680,5677],{},[15,5681,3594],{},[129,5683,5684,5686],{},[15,5685,1129],{}," is truthy",[20,5688,5689,5690,2228,5693,504],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5691,5692],{},"any(values)",[15,5694,3420],{},[20,5696,5697],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[35,5699,5701],{"className":37,"code":5700,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5702,5703,5727],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5704,5705,5707,5709,5711,5713,5715,5717,5719,5721,5723,5725],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5706,3644],{"class":50},[44,5708,55],{"class":54},[44,5710,3440],{"class":62},[44,5712,1951],{"class":452},[44,5714,186],{"class":62},[44,5716,3660],{"class":66},[44,5718,186],{"class":62},[44,5720,3675],{"class":3674},[44,5722,186],{"class":62},[44,5724,3730],{"class":3674},[44,5726,3453],{"class":62},[44,5728,5729,5731,5733,5735,5737,5739],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,5730,82],{"class":58},[44,5732,63],{"class":62},[44,5734,5182],{"class":58},[44,5736,63],{"class":62},[44,5738,5187],{"class":97},[44,5740,434],{"class":62},[20,5742,1031],{},[35,5744,5745],{"className":37,"code":3864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5746,5747],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5748,5749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5750,3864],{"class":3674},[20,5752,5753,5754,504],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,5755,3494],{},[30,5757,5759],{"id":5758},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,5761,5762,5764,5765,504],{},[15,5763,5012],{}," is often used with a ",[3563,5766,5767],{},"generator expression",[20,5769,5770],{},"This is a common pattern:",[35,5772,5774],{"className":37,"code":5773,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,5775,5776],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5777,5778,5780,5782,5785,5788,5791,5793,5796],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5779,5182],{"class":58},[44,5781,63],{"class":62},[44,5783,5784],{"class":97},"condition ",[44,5786,5787],{"class":1384},"for",[44,5789,5790],{"class":97}," item ",[44,5792,3705],{"class":1384},[44,5794,5795],{"class":97}," items",[44,5797,76],{"class":62},[20,5799,5800],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,5802,5803],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[35,5805,5807],{"className":37,"code":5806,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,5808,5809,5837,5841,5868],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5810,5811,5813,5815,5817,5819,5821,5824,5826,5828,5830,5832,5835],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5812,3435],{"class":50},[44,5814,55],{"class":54},[44,5816,3440],{"class":62},[44,5818,1125],{"class":452},[44,5820,186],{"class":62},[44,5822,5823],{"class":452}," 7",[44,5825,186],{"class":62},[44,5827,2051],{"class":54},[44,5829,1889],{"class":452},[44,5831,186],{"class":62},[44,5833,5834],{"class":452}," 10",[44,5836,3453],{"class":62},[44,5838,5839],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,5840,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,5842,5843,5845,5847,5850,5852,5854,5856,5858,5860,5862,5864,5866],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,5844,2059],{"class":50},[44,5846,55],{"class":54},[44,5848,5849],{"class":58}," any",[44,5851,63],{"class":62},[44,5853,2845],{"class":97},[44,5855,463],{"class":54},[44,5857,3655],{"class":452},[44,5859,3699],{"class":1384},[44,5861,3702],{"class":97},[44,5863,3705],{"class":1384},[44,5865,4088],{"class":97},[44,5867,76],{"class":62},[44,5869,5870,5872,5874,5876],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,5871,82],{"class":58},[44,5873,63],{"class":62},[44,5875,2094],{"class":97},[44,5877,76],{"class":62},[20,5879,1031],{},[35,5881,5882],{"className":37,"code":3803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5883,5884],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5885,5886],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5887,3803],{"class":3674},[20,5889,716,5890,5893],{},[15,5891,5892],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[126,5895,5896,5904,5911],{},[129,5897,5898,5901,5902],{},[15,5899,5900],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,5903,3494],{},[129,5905,5906,5901,5909],{},[15,5907,5908],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,5910,3494],{},[129,5912,5913,5901,5916],{},[15,5914,5915],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,5917,3420],{},[20,5919,5920,5921,5923,5924,5926,5927,504],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,5922,3420],{}," result, ",[15,5925,5012],{}," can return ",[15,5928,3420],{},[20,5930,5931],{},"Here is another example:",[35,5933,5935],{"className":37,"code":5934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,5936,5937,5966,5970,6000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5938,5939,5941,5943,5945,5947,5949,5951,5953,5956,5958,5960,5962,5964],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5940,3894],{"class":50},[44,5942,55],{"class":54},[44,5944,3440],{"class":62},[44,5946,67],{"class":66},[44,5948,3903],{"class":70},[44,5950,67],{"class":66},[44,5952,186],{"class":62},[44,5954,5955],{"class":66}," \"\"",[44,5957,186],{"class":62},[44,5959,1438],{"class":66},[44,5961,3912],{"class":70},[44,5963,67],{"class":66},[44,5965,3453],{"class":62},[44,5967,5968],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,5969,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,5971,5972,5975,5977,5979,5981,5984,5986,5988,5990,5993,5995,5998],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,5973,5974],{"class":50},"has_empty_string ",[44,5976,55],{"class":54},[44,5978,5849],{"class":58},[44,5980,63],{"class":62},[44,5982,5983],{"class":97},"word ",[44,5985,4515],{"class":54},[44,5987,5955],{"class":66},[44,5989,3699],{"class":1384},[44,5991,5992],{"class":97}," word ",[44,5994,3705],{"class":1384},[44,5996,5997],{"class":97}," words",[44,5999,76],{"class":62},[44,6001,6002,6004,6006,6009],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,6003,82],{"class":58},[44,6005,63],{"class":62},[44,6007,6008],{"class":97},"has_empty_string",[44,6010,76],{"class":62},[20,6012,1031],{},[35,6014,6015],{"className":37,"code":3803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6016,6017],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6018,6019],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6020,3803],{"class":3674},[20,6022,6023,6024,504],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[491,6025,6027],{"href":6026},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[30,6029,6031],{"id":6030},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6033,6034,6035,449],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6036,3494],{},[35,6038,6040],{"className":37,"code":6039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6041,6042],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6043,6044,6046,6048,6050],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6045,82],{"class":58},[44,6047,63],{"class":62},[44,6049,5182],{"class":58},[44,6051,4253],{"class":62},[20,6053,1031],{},[35,6055,6056],{"className":37,"code":3864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6057,6058],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6059,6060],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6061,3864],{"class":3674},[20,6063,6064],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6066,6067,6068,6070],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6069,5012],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6072,6073],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[35,6075,6077],{"className":37,"code":6076,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6078,6079,6089,6104],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6080,6081,6083,6085,6087],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6082,82],{"class":58},[44,6084,63],{"class":62},[44,6086,5182],{"class":58},[44,6088,4311],{"class":62},[44,6090,6091,6093,6095,6097,6099,6102],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,6092,82],{"class":58},[44,6094,63],{"class":62},[44,6096,5182],{"class":58},[44,6098,63],{"class":62},[44,6100,6101],{"class":66},"\"\"",[44,6103,434],{"class":62},[44,6105,6106,6108,6110,6112,6114,6117],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,6107,82],{"class":58},[44,6109,63],{"class":62},[44,6111,5182],{"class":58},[44,6113,63],{"class":62},[44,6115,6116],{"class":426},"set",[44,6118,6119],{"class":62},"()))\n",[20,6121,1031],{},[35,6123,6125],{"className":37,"code":6124,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6126,6127,6131,6135],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6128,6129],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6130,3864],{"class":3674},[44,6132,6133],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,6134,3864],{"class":3674},[44,6136,6137],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,6138,3864],{"class":3674},[30,6140,6142],{"id":6141},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6144,103,6145,6147],{},[15,6146,5012],{}," when you want to:",[126,6149,6150,6153,6156],{},[129,6151,6152],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[129,6154,6155],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[129,6157,6158],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6160,6161],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[35,6163,6165],{"className":37,"code":6164,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6166,6167,6192,6196,6206,6210,6223,6242,6253,6259,6264],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6168,6169,6171,6173,6175,6177,6179,6181,6183,6185,6187,6190],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6170,3435],{"class":50},[44,6172,55],{"class":54},[44,6174,3440],{"class":62},[44,6176,2807],{"class":452},[44,6178,186],{"class":62},[44,6180,2282],{"class":452},[44,6182,186],{"class":62},[44,6184,4431],{"class":452},[44,6186,186],{"class":62},[44,6188,6189],{"class":452}," 8",[44,6191,3453],{"class":62},[44,6193,6194],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,6195,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,6197,6198,6201,6203],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,6199,6200],{"class":50},"found_even ",[44,6202,55],{"class":54},[44,6204,6205],{"class":3674}," False\n",[44,6207,6208],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,6209,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,6211,6212,6214,6217,6219,6221],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,6213,5787],{"class":1384},[44,6215,6216],{"class":50}," number ",[44,6218,3705],{"class":1384},[44,6220,4088],{"class":50},[44,6222,1388],{"class":62},[44,6224,6225,6228,6230,6233,6235,6238,6240],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,6226,6227],{"class":1384},"    if",[44,6229,6216],{"class":50},[44,6231,6232],{"class":54},"%",[44,6234,2812],{"class":452},[44,6236,6237],{"class":54}," ==",[44,6239,3655],{"class":452},[44,6241,1388],{"class":62},[44,6243,6245,6248,6250],{"class":46,"line":6244},7,[44,6246,6247],{"class":50},"        found_even ",[44,6249,55],{"class":54},[44,6251,6252],{"class":3674}," True\n",[44,6254,6256],{"class":46,"line":6255},8,[44,6257,6258],{"class":1384},"        break\n",[44,6260,6262],{"class":46,"line":6261},9,[44,6263,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,6265,6267,6269,6271,6274],{"class":46,"line":6266},10,[44,6268,82],{"class":58},[44,6270,63],{"class":62},[44,6272,6273],{"class":97},"found_even",[44,6275,76],{"class":62},[20,6277,6278],{},"You can write:",[35,6280,6282],{"className":37,"code":6281,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6283,6284,6308],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6285,6286,6288,6290,6292,6294,6296,6298,6300,6302,6304,6306],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6287,3435],{"class":50},[44,6289,55],{"class":54},[44,6291,3440],{"class":62},[44,6293,2807],{"class":452},[44,6295,186],{"class":62},[44,6297,2282],{"class":452},[44,6299,186],{"class":62},[44,6301,4431],{"class":452},[44,6303,186],{"class":62},[44,6305,6189],{"class":452},[44,6307,3453],{"class":62},[44,6309,6310,6312,6314,6316,6318,6320,6322,6324,6326,6328,6330,6332,6334,6336],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,6311,82],{"class":58},[44,6313,63],{"class":62},[44,6315,5182],{"class":58},[44,6317,63],{"class":62},[44,6319,2046],{"class":97},[44,6321,6232],{"class":54},[44,6323,2812],{"class":452},[44,6325,6237],{"class":54},[44,6327,3655],{"class":452},[44,6329,3699],{"class":1384},[44,6331,6216],{"class":97},[44,6333,3705],{"class":1384},[44,6335,4088],{"class":97},[44,6337,434],{"class":62},[20,6339,6340,6341,6343],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6342,5012],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[30,6345,4344],{"id":4343},[20,6347,6348,6349,504],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6350,5012],{},[600,6352,6354],{"id":6353},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6356,4351],{},[35,6358,6360],{"className":37,"code":6359,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6361,6362],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6363,6364,6366,6368,6370,6372,6374],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6365,82],{"class":58},[44,6367,63],{"class":62},[44,6369,5182],{"class":58},[44,6371,63],{"class":62},[44,6373,1129],{"class":452},[44,6375,434],{"class":62},[20,6377,6378,6379,6381],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6380,1129],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6383,6384],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[35,6386,6388],{"className":37,"code":6387,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6389,6390],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6391,6392,6394,6396,6398,6400,6402],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6393,82],{"class":58},[44,6395,63],{"class":62},[44,6397,5182],{"class":58},[44,6399,2804],{"class":62},[44,6401,1129],{"class":452},[44,6403,2819],{"class":62},[600,6405,6407],{"id":6406},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6409,6410,6412,6413,6416],{},[15,6411,5012],{}," needs only ",[3563,6414,6415],{},"one"," truthy item.",[35,6418,6420],{"className":37,"code":6419,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6421,6422],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6423,6424,6426,6428,6430,6432,6434,6436,6438,6440,6442],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6425,82],{"class":58},[44,6427,63],{"class":62},[44,6429,5182],{"class":58},[44,6431,2804],{"class":62},[44,6433,3494],{"class":3674},[44,6435,186],{"class":62},[44,6437,3730],{"class":3674},[44,6439,186],{"class":62},[44,6441,3739],{"class":3674},[44,6443,2819],{"class":62},[20,6445,1031],{},[35,6447,6448],{"className":37,"code":3803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6449,6450],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6451,6452],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6453,3803],{"class":3674},[20,6455,6456,6457,6461],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[491,6458,6459],{"href":5254},[15,6460,3395],{}," instead.",[600,6463,6465],{"id":6464},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6467,6468,6469,504],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6470,6471],{},"\"True\"",[35,6473,6475],{"className":37,"code":6474,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6476,6477],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6478,6479,6481,6483,6485,6487,6489,6491,6493],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6480,82],{"class":58},[44,6482,63],{"class":62},[44,6484,5182],{"class":58},[44,6486,2804],{"class":62},[44,6488,67],{"class":66},[44,6490,3494],{"class":70},[44,6492,67],{"class":66},[44,6494,2819],{"class":62},[20,6496,1031],{},[35,6498,6499],{"className":37,"code":3803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6500,6501],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6502,6503],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6504,3803],{"class":3674},[20,6506,6507,6508,6511],{},"That is because ",[15,6509,6510],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[600,6513,6515],{"id":6514},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6517,6518],{},"This works:",[35,6520,6522],{"className":37,"code":6521,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6523,6524,6544],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6525,6526,6528,6530,6532,6534,6536,6538,6540,6542],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6527,3435],{"class":50},[44,6529,55],{"class":54},[44,6531,3440],{"class":62},[44,6533,2807],{"class":452},[44,6535,186],{"class":62},[44,6537,2812],{"class":452},[44,6539,186],{"class":62},[44,6541,2282],{"class":452},[44,6543,3453],{"class":62},[44,6545,6546,6548,6550,6552,6554,6556,6558,6560,6562,6564,6566,6568],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,6547,82],{"class":58},[44,6549,63],{"class":62},[44,6551,5182],{"class":58},[44,6553,2804],{"class":62},[44,6555,2845],{"class":97},[44,6557,4077],{"class":54},[44,6559,2812],{"class":452},[44,6561,3699],{"class":1384},[44,6563,3702],{"class":97},[44,6565,3705],{"class":1384},[44,6567,4088],{"class":97},[44,6569,2819],{"class":62},[20,6571,6572],{},"But this is usually better:",[35,6574,6576],{"className":37,"code":6575,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6577,6578,6598],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6579,6580,6582,6584,6586,6588,6590,6592,6594,6596],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6581,3435],{"class":50},[44,6583,55],{"class":54},[44,6585,3440],{"class":62},[44,6587,2807],{"class":452},[44,6589,186],{"class":62},[44,6591,2812],{"class":452},[44,6593,186],{"class":62},[44,6595,2282],{"class":452},[44,6597,3453],{"class":62},[44,6599,6600,6602,6604,6606,6608,6610,6612,6614,6616,6618,6620,6622],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,6601,82],{"class":58},[44,6603,63],{"class":62},[44,6605,5182],{"class":58},[44,6607,63],{"class":62},[44,6609,2845],{"class":97},[44,6611,4077],{"class":54},[44,6613,2812],{"class":452},[44,6615,3699],{"class":1384},[44,6617,3702],{"class":97},[44,6619,3705],{"class":1384},[44,6621,4088],{"class":97},[44,6623,434],{"class":62},[20,6625,6626],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[30,6628,1651],{"id":1650},[600,6630,6632],{"id":6631},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6634,4976,6635,6637,6638,504],{},[15,6636,3420],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6639,3494],{},[600,6641,6643],{"id":6642},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6645,6646,2228,6648,6650],{},[15,6647,5012],{},[15,6649,3494],{}," for an empty iterable.",[600,6652,6654],{"id":6653},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6656,6657,6659,6660,6662],{},[15,6658,5012],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6661,3395],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[600,6664,6666],{"id":6665},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6668,6669],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[35,6671,6672],{"className":37,"code":5773,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6673,6674],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6675,6676,6678,6680,6682,6684,6686,6688,6690],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6677,5182],{"class":58},[44,6679,63],{"class":62},[44,6681,5784],{"class":97},[44,6683,5787],{"class":1384},[44,6685,5790],{"class":97},[44,6687,3705],{"class":1384},[44,6689,5795],{"class":97},[44,6691,76],{"class":62},[20,6693,5301],{},[35,6695,6696],{"className":37,"code":6575,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6697,6698,6718],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6699,6700,6702,6704,6706,6708,6710,6712,6714,6716],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6701,3435],{"class":50},[44,6703,55],{"class":54},[44,6705,3440],{"class":62},[44,6707,2807],{"class":452},[44,6709,186],{"class":62},[44,6711,2812],{"class":452},[44,6713,186],{"class":62},[44,6715,2282],{"class":452},[44,6717,3453],{"class":62},[44,6719,6720,6722,6724,6726,6728,6730,6732,6734,6736,6738,6740,6742],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,6721,82],{"class":58},[44,6723,63],{"class":62},[44,6725,5182],{"class":58},[44,6727,63],{"class":62},[44,6729,2845],{"class":97},[44,6731,4077],{"class":54},[44,6733,2812],{"class":452},[44,6735,3699],{"class":1384},[44,6737,3702],{"class":97},[44,6739,3705],{"class":1384},[44,6741,4088],{"class":97},[44,6743,434],{"class":62},[30,6745,1719],{"id":1718},[126,6747,6748,6754,6758,6762,6767],{},[129,6749,6750],{},[491,6751,6752,1738],{"href":5254},[15,6753,3395],{},[129,6755,6756],{},[491,6757,3628],{"href":5606},[129,6759,6760],{},[491,6761,5044],{"href":5415},[129,6763,6764],{},[491,6765,6766],{"href":6026},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[129,6768,6769],{},[491,6770,6771,1738],{"href":5609},[15,6772,3634],{},[1758,6774,6775],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":6777},[6778,6779,6780,6781,6782,6783,6784,6785,6791,6797],{"id":5204,"depth":79,"text":5205},{"id":5259,"depth":79,"text":5260},{"id":3548,"depth":79,"text":3549},{"id":5615,"depth":79,"text":5616},{"id":5758,"depth":79,"text":5759},{"id":6030,"depth":79,"text":6031},{"id":6141,"depth":79,"text":6142},{"id":4343,"depth":79,"text":4344,"children":6786},[6787,6788,6789,6790],{"id":6353,"depth":419,"text":6354},{"id":6406,"depth":419,"text":6407},{"id":6464,"depth":419,"text":6465},{"id":6514,"depth":419,"text":6515},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":6792},[6793,6794,6795,6796],{"id":6631,"depth":419,"text":6632},{"id":6642,"depth":419,"text":6643},{"id":6653,"depth":419,"text":6654},{"id":6665,"depth":419,"text":6666},{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5107,"description":6798},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6804,"title":6805,"body":6806,"description":8926,"extension":1796,"meta":8927,"navigation":807,"path":8928,"seo":8929,"stem":8930,"__hash__":8931},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6807,"toc":8889},[6808,6811,6820,6830,6832,6929,6931,6960,6976,6980,6985,6988,6998,7004,7010,7026,7028,7036,7043,7047,7049,7064,7069,7087,7092,7094,7142,7144,7161,7165,7171,7174,7209,7211,7317,7319,7356,7360,7368,7370,7390,7392,7512,7514,7543,7546,7569,7571,7579,7587,7591,7596,7600,7643,7645,7653,7656,7684,7686,7694,7698,7726,7728,7736,7768,7770,7778,7782,7831,7833,7841,7849,7853,7856,7908,7910,7931,7938,7942,7948,7951,7959,7981,7983,7991,7999,8022,8024,8032,8037,8042,8053,8055,8095,8105,8109,8118,8121,8124,8183,8186,8238,8241,8247,8263,8269,8271,8276,8285,8288,8310,8312,8320,8325,8328,8363,8365,8373,8377,8382,8420,8432,8435,8487,8495,8499,8502,8524,8533,8536,8577,8579,8602,8608,8614,8629,8631,8651,8654,8673,8675,8694,8698,8704,8783,8786,8800,8805,8807,8811,8818,8822,8826,8830,8835,8839,8844,8848,8855,8857,8886],[10,6809,6805],{"id":6810},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,6812,22,6813,6815,6816,497,6818,504],{},[15,6814,3634],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,6817,3420],{},[15,6819,3494],{},[20,6821,6822,6823,6825,6826,6829],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,6824,3634],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,6827,6828],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[30,6831,3425],{"id":3424},[35,6833,6835],{"className":37,"code":6834,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,6836,6837,6851,6865,6879,6897,6907],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6838,6839,6841,6843,6845,6847,6849],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6840,82],{"class":58},[44,6842,63],{"class":62},[44,6844,3690],{"class":426},[44,6846,63],{"class":62},[44,6848,1951],{"class":452},[44,6850,434],{"class":62},[44,6852,6853,6855,6857,6859,6861,6863],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,6854,82],{"class":58},[44,6856,63],{"class":62},[44,6858,3690],{"class":426},[44,6860,63],{"class":62},[44,6862,2807],{"class":452},[44,6864,434],{"class":62},[44,6866,6867,6869,6871,6873,6875,6877],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,6868,82],{"class":58},[44,6870,63],{"class":62},[44,6872,3690],{"class":426},[44,6874,63],{"class":62},[44,6876,6101],{"class":66},[44,6878,434],{"class":62},[44,6880,6881,6883,6885,6887,6889,6891,6893,6895],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,6882,82],{"class":58},[44,6884,63],{"class":62},[44,6886,3690],{"class":426},[44,6888,63],{"class":62},[44,6890,67],{"class":66},[44,6892,3667],{"class":70},[44,6894,67],{"class":66},[44,6896,434],{"class":62},[44,6898,6899,6901,6903,6905],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,6900,82],{"class":58},[44,6902,63],{"class":62},[44,6904,3690],{"class":426},[44,6906,4253],{"class":62},[44,6908,6909,6911,6913,6915,6917,6919,6921,6923,6925,6927],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,6910,82],{"class":58},[44,6912,63],{"class":62},[44,6914,3690],{"class":426},[44,6916,2804],{"class":62},[44,6918,2807],{"class":452},[44,6920,186],{"class":62},[44,6922,2812],{"class":452},[44,6924,186],{"class":62},[44,6926,2282],{"class":452},[44,6928,2819],{"class":62},[20,6930,5388],{},[35,6932,6934],{"className":37,"code":6933,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,6935,6936,6940,6944,6948,6952,6956],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6937,6938],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6939,3864],{"class":3674},[44,6941,6942],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,6943,3803],{"class":3674},[44,6945,6946],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,6947,3864],{"class":3674},[44,6949,6950],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,6951,3803],{"class":3674},[44,6953,6954],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,6955,3864],{"class":3674},[44,6957,6958],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,6959,3803],{"class":3674},[20,6961,103,6962,6965,6966,497,6968,6970,6971,6973,6974,504],{},[15,6963,6964],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,6967,3420],{},[15,6969,3494],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,6972,3494],{},". Most other values become ",[15,6975,3420],{},[30,6977,6979],{"id":6978},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,6981,6982,6984],{},[15,6983,3634],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,6986,6987],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[126,6989,6990,6994],{},[129,6991,6992],{},[15,6993,3420],{},[129,6995,6996],{},[15,6997,3494],{},[20,6999,7000,7001,7003],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7002,6828],{}," statements.",[20,7005,7006,7007,7009],{},"You can also call ",[15,7008,3634],{}," with no argument:",[35,7011,7013],{"className":37,"code":7012,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool())\n",[15,7014,7015],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7016,7017,7019,7021,7023],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7018,82],{"class":58},[44,7020,63],{"class":62},[44,7022,3690],{"class":426},[44,7024,7025],{"class":62},"())\n",[20,7027,1031],{},[35,7029,7030],{"className":37,"code":3864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7031,7032],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7033,7034],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7035,3864],{"class":3674},[20,7037,7038,7039,504],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[491,7040,7042],{"href":7041},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[30,7044,7046],{"id":7045},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7048,253],{},[35,7050,7052],{"className":37,"code":7051,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bool(value)\n",[15,7053,7054],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7055,7056,7058,7060,7062],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7057,3690],{"class":426},[44,7059,63],{"class":62},[44,7061,354],{"class":97},[44,7063,76],{"class":62},[20,7065,22,7066,7068],{},[15,7067,354],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[126,7070,7071,7073,7075,7077,7079,7082,7084],{},[129,7072,3467],{},[129,7074,5137],{},[129,7076,5128],{},[129,7078,5131],{},[129,7080,7081],{},"dictionaries",[129,7083,5134],{},[129,7085,7086],{},"other objects",[20,7088,7089,7090,504],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7091,3494],{},[20,7093,145],{},[35,7095,7097],{"className":37,"code":7096,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7098,7099,7113,7132],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7100,7101,7103,7105,7107,7109,7111],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7102,82],{"class":58},[44,7104,63],{"class":62},[44,7106,3690],{"class":426},[44,7108,63],{"class":62},[44,7110,2161],{"class":452},[44,7112,434],{"class":62},[44,7114,7115,7117,7119,7121,7123,7125,7128,7130],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,7116,82],{"class":58},[44,7118,63],{"class":62},[44,7120,3690],{"class":426},[44,7122,63],{"class":62},[44,7124,67],{"class":66},[44,7126,7127],{"class":70},"Python",[44,7129,67],{"class":66},[44,7131,434],{"class":62},[44,7133,7134,7136,7138,7140],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,7135,82],{"class":58},[44,7137,63],{"class":62},[44,7139,3690],{"class":426},[44,7141,7025],{"class":62},[20,7143,1031],{},[35,7145,7147],{"className":37,"code":7146,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7148,7149,7153,7157],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7150,7151],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7152,3803],{"class":3674},[44,7154,7155],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,7156,3803],{"class":3674},[44,7158,7159],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,7160,3864],{"class":3674},[30,7162,7164],{"id":7163},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7166,7167,7168,7170],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[3563,7169,5425],{}," values.",[20,7172,7173],{},"Common examples:",[126,7175,7176,7180,7184,7188,7192,7197,7201,7205],{},[129,7177,7178],{},[15,7179,1951],{},[129,7181,7182],{},[15,7183,3589],{},[129,7185,7186],{},[15,7187,6101],{},[129,7189,7190],{},[15,7191,3608],{},[129,7193,7194],{},[15,7195,7196],{},"()",[129,7198,7199],{},[15,7200,3613],{},[129,7202,7203],{},[15,7204,3618],{},[129,7206,7207],{},[15,7208,3599],{},[20,7210,145],{},[35,7212,7214],{"className":37,"code":7213,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7215,7216,7230,7244,7258,7268,7278,7289,7303],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7217,7218,7220,7222,7224,7226,7228],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7219,82],{"class":58},[44,7221,63],{"class":62},[44,7223,3690],{"class":426},[44,7225,63],{"class":62},[44,7227,1951],{"class":452},[44,7229,434],{"class":62},[44,7231,7232,7234,7236,7238,7240,7242],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,7233,82],{"class":58},[44,7235,63],{"class":62},[44,7237,3690],{"class":426},[44,7239,63],{"class":62},[44,7241,3589],{"class":452},[44,7243,434],{"class":62},[44,7245,7246,7248,7250,7252,7254,7256],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,7247,82],{"class":58},[44,7249,63],{"class":62},[44,7251,3690],{"class":426},[44,7253,63],{"class":62},[44,7255,6101],{"class":66},[44,7257,434],{"class":62},[44,7259,7260,7262,7264,7266],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,7261,82],{"class":58},[44,7263,63],{"class":62},[44,7265,3690],{"class":426},[44,7267,4253],{"class":62},[44,7269,7270,7272,7274,7276],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,7271,82],{"class":58},[44,7273,63],{"class":62},[44,7275,3690],{"class":426},[44,7277,4311],{"class":62},[44,7279,7280,7282,7284,7286],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,7281,82],{"class":58},[44,7283,63],{"class":62},[44,7285,3690],{"class":426},[44,7287,7288],{"class":62},"({}))\n",[44,7290,7291,7293,7295,7297,7299,7301],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,7292,82],{"class":58},[44,7294,63],{"class":62},[44,7296,3690],{"class":426},[44,7298,63],{"class":62},[44,7300,6116],{"class":426},[44,7302,6119],{"class":62},[44,7304,7305,7307,7309,7311,7313,7315],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,7306,82],{"class":58},[44,7308,63],{"class":62},[44,7310,3690],{"class":426},[44,7312,63],{"class":62},[44,7314,3599],{"class":3674},[44,7316,434],{"class":62},[20,7318,1031],{},[35,7320,7322],{"className":37,"code":7321,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7323,7324,7328,7332,7336,7340,7344,7348,7352],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7325,7326],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7327,3864],{"class":3674},[44,7329,7330],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,7331,3864],{"class":3674},[44,7333,7334],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,7335,3864],{"class":3674},[44,7337,7338],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,7339,3864],{"class":3674},[44,7341,7342],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,7343,3864],{"class":3674},[44,7345,7346],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,7347,3864],{"class":3674},[44,7349,7350],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,7351,3864],{"class":3674},[44,7353,7354],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,7355,3864],{"class":3674},[30,7357,7359],{"id":7358},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7361,7362,7363,7365,7366,7170],{},"Many values become ",[15,7364,3420],{},". These are often called ",[3563,7367,5422],{},[20,7369,7173],{},[126,7371,7372,7375,7378,7381,7384,7387],{},[129,7373,7374],{},"non-zero numbers",[129,7376,7377],{},"non-empty strings",[129,7379,7380],{},"non-empty lists",[129,7382,7383],{},"non-empty tuples",[129,7385,7386],{},"non-empty sets",[129,7388,7389],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7391,145],{},[35,7393,7395],{"className":37,"code":7394,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7396,7397,7411,7427,7445,7467,7485],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7398,7399,7401,7403,7405,7407,7409],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7400,82],{"class":58},[44,7402,63],{"class":62},[44,7404,3690],{"class":426},[44,7406,63],{"class":62},[44,7408,1129],{"class":452},[44,7410,434],{"class":62},[44,7412,7413,7415,7417,7419,7421,7423,7425],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,7414,82],{"class":58},[44,7416,63],{"class":62},[44,7418,3690],{"class":426},[44,7420,63],{"class":62},[44,7422,1854],{"class":54},[44,7424,1889],{"class":452},[44,7426,434],{"class":62},[44,7428,7429,7431,7433,7435,7437,7439,7441,7443],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,7430,82],{"class":58},[44,7432,63],{"class":62},[44,7434,3690],{"class":426},[44,7436,63],{"class":62},[44,7438,67],{"class":66},[44,7440,3667],{"class":70},[44,7442,67],{"class":66},[44,7444,434],{"class":62},[44,7446,7447,7449,7451,7453,7455,7457,7459,7461,7463,7465],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,7448,82],{"class":58},[44,7450,63],{"class":62},[44,7452,3690],{"class":426},[44,7454,2804],{"class":62},[44,7456,2807],{"class":452},[44,7458,186],{"class":62},[44,7460,2812],{"class":452},[44,7462,186],{"class":62},[44,7464,2282],{"class":452},[44,7466,2819],{"class":62},[44,7468,7469,7471,7473,7475,7477,7479,7481,7483],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,7470,82],{"class":58},[44,7472,63],{"class":62},[44,7474,3690],{"class":426},[44,7476,5339],{"class":62},[44,7478,2807],{"class":452},[44,7480,186],{"class":62},[44,7482,2812],{"class":452},[44,7484,2731],{"class":62},[44,7486,7487,7489,7491,7493,7495,7497,7499,7501,7503,7505,7508,7510],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,7488,82],{"class":58},[44,7490,63],{"class":62},[44,7492,3690],{"class":426},[44,7494,5358],{"class":62},[44,7496,67],{"class":66},[44,7498,652],{"class":70},[44,7500,67],{"class":66},[44,7502,449],{"class":62},[44,7504,1438],{"class":66},[44,7506,7507],{"class":70},"Sam",[44,7509,67],{"class":66},[44,7511,5367],{"class":62},[20,7513,1031],{},[35,7515,7517],{"className":37,"code":7516,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7518,7519,7523,7527,7531,7535,7539],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7520,7521],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7522,3803],{"class":3674},[44,7524,7525],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,7526,3803],{"class":3674},[44,7528,7529],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,7530,3803],{"class":3674},[44,7532,7533],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,7534,3803],{"class":3674},[44,7536,7537],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,7538,3803],{"class":3674},[44,7540,7541],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,7542,3803],{"class":3674},[20,7544,7545],{},"One important example is this:",[35,7547,7549],{"className":37,"code":7548,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7550,7551],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7552,7553,7555,7557,7559,7561,7563,7565,7567],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7554,82],{"class":58},[44,7556,63],{"class":62},[44,7558,3690],{"class":426},[44,7560,63],{"class":62},[44,7562,67],{"class":66},[44,7564,3494],{"class":70},[44,7566,67],{"class":66},[44,7568,434],{"class":62},[20,7570,1031],{},[35,7572,7573],{"className":37,"code":3803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7574,7575],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7576,7577],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7578,3803],{"class":3674},[20,7580,7581,7582,7584,7585,504],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7583,6510],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7586,3420],{},[30,7588,7590],{"id":7589},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7592,359,7593,7595],{},[15,7594,3634],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[600,7597,7599],{"id":7598},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[35,7601,7603],{"className":37,"code":7602,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7604,7605,7628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7606,7607,7610,7612,7614,7616,7618,7621,7623,7626],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7608,7609],{"class":50},"items ",[44,7611,55],{"class":54},[44,7613,3440],{"class":62},[44,7615,2161],{"class":452},[44,7617,186],{"class":62},[44,7619,7620],{"class":452}," 20",[44,7622,186],{"class":62},[44,7624,7625],{"class":452}," 30",[44,7627,3453],{"class":62},[44,7629,7630,7632,7634,7636,7638,7641],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,7631,82],{"class":58},[44,7633,63],{"class":62},[44,7635,3690],{"class":426},[44,7637,63],{"class":62},[44,7639,7640],{"class":97},"items",[44,7642,434],{"class":62},[20,7644,1031],{},[35,7646,7647],{"className":37,"code":3803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7648,7649],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7650,7651],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7652,3803],{"class":3674},[20,7654,7655],{},"With an empty list:",[35,7657,7659],{"className":37,"code":7658,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7660,7661,7670],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7662,7663,7665,7667],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7664,7609],{"class":50},[44,7666,55],{"class":54},[44,7668,7669],{"class":62}," []\n",[44,7671,7672,7674,7676,7678,7680,7682],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,7673,82],{"class":58},[44,7675,63],{"class":62},[44,7677,3690],{"class":426},[44,7679,63],{"class":62},[44,7681,7640],{"class":97},[44,7683,434],{"class":62},[20,7685,1031],{},[35,7687,7688],{"className":37,"code":3864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7689,7690],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7691,7692],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7693,3864],{"class":3674},[600,7695,7697],{"id":7696},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[35,7699,7701],{"className":37,"code":7700,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7702,7703,7712],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7704,7705,7707,7709],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7706,51],{"class":50},[44,7708,55],{"class":54},[44,7710,7711],{"class":66}," \"\"\n",[44,7713,7714,7716,7718,7720,7722,7724],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,7715,82],{"class":58},[44,7717,63],{"class":62},[44,7719,3690],{"class":426},[44,7721,63],{"class":62},[44,7723,652],{"class":97},[44,7725,434],{"class":62},[20,7727,1031],{},[35,7729,7730],{"className":37,"code":3864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7731,7732],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7733,7734],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7735,3864],{"class":3674},[35,7737,7739],{"className":37,"code":7738,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7740,7741,7754],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7742,7743,7745,7747,7749,7752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7744,51],{"class":50},[44,7746,55],{"class":54},[44,7748,1438],{"class":66},[44,7750,7751],{"class":70},"Mia",[44,7753,3176],{"class":66},[44,7755,7756,7758,7760,7762,7764,7766],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,7757,82],{"class":58},[44,7759,63],{"class":62},[44,7761,3690],{"class":426},[44,7763,63],{"class":62},[44,7765,652],{"class":97},[44,7767,434],{"class":62},[20,7769,1031],{},[35,7771,7772],{"className":37,"code":3803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7773,7774],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7775,7776],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7777,3803],{"class":3674},[600,7779,7781],{"id":7780},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[35,7783,7785],{"className":37,"code":7784,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,7786,7787,7800,7816,7820],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7788,7789,7791,7793,7795,7798],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7790,299],{"class":50},[44,7792,55],{"class":54},[44,7794,1438],{"class":66},[44,7796,7797],{"class":70},"alex",[44,7799,3176],{"class":66},[44,7801,7802,7805,7807,7810,7812,7814],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,7803,7804],{"class":50},"has_name ",[44,7806,55],{"class":54},[44,7808,7809],{"class":426}," bool",[44,7811,63],{"class":62},[44,7813,323],{"class":97},[44,7815,76],{"class":62},[44,7817,7818],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,7819,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,7821,7822,7824,7826,7829],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,7823,82],{"class":58},[44,7825,63],{"class":62},[44,7827,7828],{"class":97},"has_name",[44,7830,76],{"class":62},[20,7832,1031],{},[35,7834,7835],{"className":37,"code":3803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7836,7837],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7838,7839],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7840,3803],{"class":3674},[20,7842,7843,7844,497,7846,7848],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,7845,3420],{},[15,7847,3494],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[600,7850,7852],{"id":7851},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,7854,7855],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[35,7857,7859],{"className":37,"code":7858,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,7860,7861,7881,7885,7893],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7862,7863,7865,7867,7869,7871,7873,7875,7877,7879],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7864,3435],{"class":50},[44,7866,55],{"class":54},[44,7868,3440],{"class":62},[44,7870,2807],{"class":452},[44,7872,186],{"class":62},[44,7874,2812],{"class":452},[44,7876,186],{"class":62},[44,7878,2282],{"class":452},[44,7880,3453],{"class":62},[44,7882,7883],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,7884,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,7886,7887,7889,7891],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,7888,6828],{"class":1384},[44,7890,4088],{"class":50},[44,7892,1388],{"class":62},[44,7894,7895,7897,7899,7901,7904,7906],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,7896,1416],{"class":58},[44,7898,63],{"class":62},[44,7900,67],{"class":66},[44,7902,7903],{"class":70},"The list is not empty",[44,7905,67],{"class":66},[44,7907,76],{"class":62},[20,7909,1031],{},[35,7911,7913],{"className":37,"code":7912,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The list is not empty\n",[15,7914,7915],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7916,7917,7919,7922,7925,7928],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7918,22],{"class":50},[44,7920,7921],{"class":426},"list",[44,7923,7924],{"class":54}," is",[44,7926,7927],{"class":54}," not",[44,7929,7930],{"class":50}," empty\n",[20,7932,7933,7934,504],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[491,7935,7937],{"href":7936},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[30,7939,7941],{"id":7940},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,7943,7944,7945,7947],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,7946,3634],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,7949,7950],{},"It does not do that.",[600,7952,7954,2228,7957],{"id":7953},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,7955,7956],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,7958,3420],{},[35,7960,7961],{"className":37,"code":7548,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7962,7963],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7964,7965,7967,7969,7971,7973,7975,7977,7979],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7966,82],{"class":58},[44,7968,63],{"class":62},[44,7970,3690],{"class":426},[44,7972,63],{"class":62},[44,7974,67],{"class":66},[44,7976,3494],{"class":70},[44,7978,67],{"class":66},[44,7980,434],{"class":62},[20,7982,1031],{},[35,7984,7985],{"className":37,"code":3803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7986,7987],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7988,7989],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7990,3803],{"class":3674},[600,7992,7994,2228,7997],{"id":7993},"bool0-returns-true",[15,7995,7996],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,7998,3420],{},[35,8000,8002],{"className":37,"code":8001,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8003,8004],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8005,8006,8008,8010,8012,8014,8016,8018,8020],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8007,82],{"class":58},[44,8009,63],{"class":62},[44,8011,3690],{"class":426},[44,8013,63],{"class":62},[44,8015,67],{"class":66},[44,8017,1951],{"class":70},[44,8019,67],{"class":66},[44,8021,434],{"class":62},[20,8023,1031],{},[35,8025,8026],{"className":37,"code":3803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8027,8028],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8029,8030],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8031,3803],{"class":3674},[20,8033,8034,8035,504],{},"This happens because both values are ",[3563,8036,7377],{},[20,8038,8039,8041],{},[15,8040,3634],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8043,8044,8045,8050,8051,375],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[491,8046,8048],{"href":8047},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8049,17],{},", because ",[15,8052,17],{},[20,8054,145],{},[35,8056,8058],{"className":37,"code":8057,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8059,8060,8080],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8061,8062,8065,8067,8069,8071,8073,8076,8078],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8063,8064],{"class":50},"user_value ",[44,8066,55],{"class":54},[44,8068,59],{"class":58},[44,8070,63],{"class":62},[44,8072,67],{"class":66},[44,8074,8075],{"class":70},"Enter True or False: ",[44,8077,67],{"class":66},[44,8079,76],{"class":62},[44,8081,8082,8084,8086,8088,8090,8093],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,8083,82],{"class":58},[44,8085,63],{"class":62},[44,8087,3690],{"class":426},[44,8089,63],{"class":62},[44,8091,8092],{"class":97},"user_value",[44,8094,434],{"class":62},[20,8096,1179,8097,8099,8100,8050,8102,8104],{},[15,8098,3494],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8101,3420],{},[15,8103,6510],{}," is not empty.",[30,8106,8108],{"id":8107},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8110,8111,8112,8114,8115,8117],{},"In many ",[15,8113,6828],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8116,3634],{}," yourself.",[20,8119,8120],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8122,8123],{},"Instead of this:",[35,8125,8127],{"className":37,"code":8126,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8128,8129,8150,8154,8168],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8130,8131,8134,8136,8138,8140,8142,8144,8146,8148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8132,8133],{"class":50},"my_list ",[44,8135,55],{"class":54},[44,8137,3440],{"class":62},[44,8139,2807],{"class":452},[44,8141,186],{"class":62},[44,8143,2812],{"class":452},[44,8145,186],{"class":62},[44,8147,2282],{"class":452},[44,8149,3453],{"class":62},[44,8151,8152],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,8153,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,8155,8156,8158,8160,8162,8165],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,8157,6828],{"class":1384},[44,8159,7809],{"class":426},[44,8161,63],{"class":62},[44,8163,8164],{"class":97},"my_list",[44,8166,8167],{"class":62},"):\n",[44,8169,8170,8172,8174,8176,8179,8181],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,8171,1416],{"class":58},[44,8173,63],{"class":62},[44,8175,67],{"class":66},[44,8177,8178],{"class":70},"List has items",[44,8180,67],{"class":66},[44,8182,76],{"class":62},[20,8184,8185],{},"You can simply write:",[35,8187,8189],{"className":37,"code":8188,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8190,8191,8211,8215,8224],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8192,8193,8195,8197,8199,8201,8203,8205,8207,8209],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8194,8133],{"class":50},[44,8196,55],{"class":54},[44,8198,3440],{"class":62},[44,8200,2807],{"class":452},[44,8202,186],{"class":62},[44,8204,2812],{"class":452},[44,8206,186],{"class":62},[44,8208,2282],{"class":452},[44,8210,3453],{"class":62},[44,8212,8213],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,8214,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,8216,8217,8219,8222],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,8218,6828],{"class":1384},[44,8220,8221],{"class":50}," my_list",[44,8223,1388],{"class":62},[44,8225,8226,8228,8230,8232,8234,8236],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,8227,1416],{"class":58},[44,8229,63],{"class":62},[44,8231,67],{"class":66},[44,8233,8178],{"class":70},[44,8235,67],{"class":66},[44,8237,76],{"class":62},[20,8239,8240],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8242,8243,8244,8246],{},"Using ",[15,8245,3634],{}," is still helpful when:",[126,8248,8249,8252,8260],{},[129,8250,8251],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[129,8253,8254,8255,497,8257,8259],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8256,3420],{},[15,8258,3494],{}," value",[129,8261,8262],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8264,8265,8266,504],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[491,8267,8268],{"href":2129},"Python type() function explained",[30,8270,1486],{"id":1485},[20,8272,8273,8274,504],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8275,3634],{},[600,8277,8279,8280,8282,8283],{"id":8278},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[15,8281,7956],{}," to return ",[15,8284,3494],{},[20,8286,8287],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[35,8289,8290],{"className":37,"code":7548,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8291,8292],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8293,8294,8296,8298,8300,8302,8304,8306,8308],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8295,82],{"class":58},[44,8297,63],{"class":62},[44,8299,3690],{"class":426},[44,8301,63],{"class":62},[44,8303,67],{"class":66},[44,8305,3494],{"class":70},[44,8307,67],{"class":66},[44,8309,434],{"class":62},[20,8311,1031],{},[35,8313,8314],{"className":37,"code":3803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8315,8316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8317,8318],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8319,3803],{"class":3674},[20,8321,8322,8323,6511],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8324,6510],{},[20,8326,8327],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[35,8329,8331],{"className":37,"code":8330,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8332,8333,8345],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8334,8335,8337,8339,8341,8343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8336,338],{"class":50},[44,8338,55],{"class":54},[44,8340,1438],{"class":66},[44,8342,3494],{"class":70},[44,8344,3176],{"class":66},[44,8346,8347,8349,8351,8353,8355,8357,8359,8361],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,8348,82],{"class":58},[44,8350,63],{"class":62},[44,8352,338],{"class":97},[44,8354,4515],{"class":54},[44,8356,1438],{"class":66},[44,8358,3420],{"class":70},[44,8360,67],{"class":66},[44,8362,76],{"class":62},[20,8364,1031],{},[35,8366,8367],{"className":37,"code":3864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8368,8369],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8370,8371],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8372,3864],{"class":3674},[600,8374,8376],{"id":8375},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8378,8379,8381],{},[15,8380,17],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[35,8383,8385],{"className":37,"code":8384,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8386,8387,8406],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8388,8389,8391,8393,8395,8397,8399,8402,8404],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8390,338],{"class":50},[44,8392,55],{"class":54},[44,8394,59],{"class":58},[44,8396,63],{"class":62},[44,8398,67],{"class":66},[44,8400,8401],{"class":70},"Enter yes or no: ",[44,8403,67],{"class":66},[44,8405,76],{"class":62},[44,8407,8408,8410,8412,8414,8416,8418],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,8409,82],{"class":58},[44,8411,63],{"class":62},[44,8413,3690],{"class":426},[44,8415,63],{"class":62},[44,8417,354],{"class":97},[44,8419,434],{"class":62},[20,8421,1179,8422,8425,8426,8428,8429,8104],{},[15,8423,8424],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8427,3420],{}," because ",[15,8430,8431],{},"\"no\"",[20,8433,8434],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[35,8436,8438],{"className":37,"code":8437,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8439,8440,8468],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8441,8442,8444,8446,8448,8450,8452,8454,8456,8458,8460,8463,8466],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8443,338],{"class":50},[44,8445,55],{"class":54},[44,8447,59],{"class":58},[44,8449,63],{"class":62},[44,8451,67],{"class":66},[44,8453,8401],{"class":70},[44,8455,67],{"class":66},[44,8457,1270],{"class":62},[44,8459,1273],{"class":97},[44,8461,8462],{"class":62},"().",[44,8464,8465],{"class":97},"lower",[44,8467,345],{"class":62},[44,8469,8470,8472,8474,8476,8478,8480,8483,8485],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,8471,82],{"class":58},[44,8473,63],{"class":62},[44,8475,338],{"class":97},[44,8477,4515],{"class":54},[44,8479,1438],{"class":66},[44,8481,8482],{"class":70},"yes",[44,8484,67],{"class":66},[44,8486,76],{"class":62},[20,8488,8489,8490,8492,8493,504],{},"This gives ",[15,8491,3420],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8494,8482],{},[600,8496,8498],{"id":8497},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8500,8501],{},"These are different:",[126,8503,8504,8508,8512,8516,8520],{},[129,8505,8506],{},[15,8507,3494],{},[129,8509,8510],{},[15,8511,1951],{},[129,8513,8514],{},[15,8515,6101],{},[129,8517,8518],{},[15,8519,3608],{},[129,8521,8522],{},[15,8523,3599],{},[20,8525,8526,8527,8529,8530,8532],{},"They all become ",[15,8528,3494],{}," with ",[15,8531,3634],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8534,8535],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[35,8537,8539],{"className":37,"code":8538,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8540,8541,8549,8563],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8542,8543,8545,8547],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8544,338],{"class":50},[44,8546,55],{"class":54},[44,8548,7669],{"class":62},[44,8550,8551,8553,8555,8557,8559,8561],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,8552,82],{"class":58},[44,8554,63],{"class":62},[44,8556,427],{"class":426},[44,8558,63],{"class":62},[44,8560,354],{"class":97},[44,8562,434],{"class":62},[44,8564,8565,8567,8569,8571,8573,8575],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,8566,82],{"class":58},[44,8568,63],{"class":62},[44,8570,3690],{"class":426},[44,8572,63],{"class":62},[44,8574,354],{"class":97},[44,8576,434],{"class":62},[20,8578,1031],{},[35,8580,8582],{"className":37,"code":8581,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8583,8584,8598],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8585,8586,8588,8590,8592,8594,8596],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8587,463],{"class":54},[44,8589,467],{"class":466},[44,8591,470],{"class":66},[44,8593,7921],{"class":70},[44,8595,476],{"class":66},[44,8597,479],{"class":54},[44,8599,8600],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,8601,3864],{"class":3674},[600,8603,8243,8605,8607],{"id":8604},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8606,3613],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8609,8610,8611,8613],{},"In Python, ",[15,8612,3613],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[35,8615,8617],{"className":37,"code":8616,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8618,8619],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8620,8621,8623,8625,8627],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8622,82],{"class":58},[44,8624,63],{"class":62},[44,8626,427],{"class":426},[44,8628,7288],{"class":62},[20,8630,1031],{},[35,8632,8634],{"className":37,"code":8633,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8635,8636],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8637,8638,8640,8642,8644,8647,8649],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8639,463],{"class":54},[44,8641,467],{"class":466},[44,8643,470],{"class":66},[44,8645,8646],{"class":70},"dict",[44,8648,476],{"class":66},[44,8650,479],{"class":54},[20,8652,8653],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[35,8655,8657],{"className":37,"code":8656,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8658,8659],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8660,8661,8663,8665,8667,8669,8671],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8662,82],{"class":58},[44,8664,63],{"class":62},[44,8666,427],{"class":426},[44,8668,63],{"class":62},[44,8670,6116],{"class":426},[44,8672,6119],{"class":62},[20,8674,1031],{},[35,8676,8678],{"className":37,"code":8677,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8679,8680],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8681,8682,8684,8686,8688,8690,8692],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8683,463],{"class":54},[44,8685,467],{"class":466},[44,8687,470],{"class":66},[44,8689,6116],{"class":70},[44,8691,476],{"class":66},[44,8693,479],{"class":54},[30,8695,8697],{"id":8696},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8699,8700,8701,8703],{},"If ",[15,8702,3634],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[35,8705,8707],{"className":37,"code":8706,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8708,8709,8723,8737,8747,8765],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8710,8711,8713,8715,8717,8719,8721],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8712,82],{"class":58},[44,8714,63],{"class":62},[44,8716,3690],{"class":426},[44,8718,63],{"class":62},[44,8720,354],{"class":97},[44,8722,434],{"class":62},[44,8724,8725,8727,8729,8731,8733,8735],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,8726,82],{"class":58},[44,8728,63],{"class":62},[44,8730,427],{"class":426},[44,8732,63],{"class":62},[44,8734,354],{"class":97},[44,8736,434],{"class":62},[44,8738,8739,8741,8743,8745],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,8740,82],{"class":58},[44,8742,63],{"class":62},[44,8744,354],{"class":97},[44,8746,76],{"class":62},[44,8748,8749,8751,8753,8755,8757,8759,8761,8763],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,8750,82],{"class":58},[44,8752,63],{"class":62},[44,8754,338],{"class":97},[44,8756,4515],{"class":54},[44,8758,1438],{"class":66},[44,8760,3420],{"class":70},[44,8762,67],{"class":66},[44,8764,76],{"class":62},[44,8766,8767,8769,8771,8773,8775,8777,8779,8781],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,8768,82],{"class":58},[44,8770,63],{"class":62},[44,8772,354],{"class":97},[44,8774,504],{"class":62},[44,8776,1273],{"class":97},[44,8778,8462],{"class":62},[44,8780,8465],{"class":97},[44,8782,7025],{"class":62},[20,8784,8785],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[126,8787,8788,8791,8794,8797],{},[129,8789,8790],{},"what the value really is",[129,8792,8793],{},"whether it is a string",[129,8795,8796],{},"whether it contains spaces",[129,8798,8799],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,8801,8802,8803,504],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[491,8804,729],{"href":728},[30,8806,1651],{"id":1650},[600,8808,8810],{"id":8809},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,8812,8813,8814,497,8816,504],{},"It returns either ",[15,8815,3420],{},[15,8817,3494],{},[600,8819,8821],{"id":8820},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,8823,4976,8824,504],{},[15,8825,3494],{},[600,8827,8829],{"id":8828},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,8831,8832,8833,504],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,8834,3420],{},[600,8836,8838],{"id":8837},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,8840,8841,8842,504],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,8843,3494],{},[600,8845,8847],{"id":8846},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,8849,8850,8851,497,8853,3557],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,8852,3420],{},[15,8854,3494],{},[30,8856,1719],{"id":1718},[126,8858,8859,8864,8868,8873,8877,8881],{},[129,8860,8861],{},[491,8862,8863],{"href":5606},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[129,8865,8866],{},[491,8867,7937],{"href":7936},[129,8869,8870],{},[491,8871,8872],{"href":8047},"Python input() function explained",[129,8874,8875],{},[491,8876,8268],{"href":2129},[129,8878,8879],{},[491,8880,1731],{"href":728},[129,8882,8883],{},[491,8884,8885],{"href":7041},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1758,8887,8888],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":8890},[8891,8892,8893,8894,8895,8896,8902,8908,8909,8917,8918,8925],{"id":3424,"depth":79,"text":3425},{"id":6978,"depth":79,"text":6979},{"id":7045,"depth":79,"text":7046},{"id":7163,"depth":79,"text":7164},{"id":7358,"depth":79,"text":7359},{"id":7589,"depth":79,"text":7590,"children":8897},[8898,8899,8900,8901],{"id":7598,"depth":419,"text":7599},{"id":7696,"depth":419,"text":7697},{"id":7780,"depth":419,"text":7781},{"id":7851,"depth":419,"text":7852},{"id":7940,"depth":79,"text":7941,"children":8903},[8904,8906],{"id":7953,"depth":419,"text":8905},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":7993,"depth":419,"text":8907},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8107,"depth":79,"text":8108},{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486,"children":8910},[8911,8913,8914,8915],{"id":8278,"depth":419,"text":8912},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8375,"depth":419,"text":8376},{"id":8497,"depth":419,"text":8498},{"id":8604,"depth":419,"text":8916},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8696,"depth":79,"text":8697},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":8919},[8920,8921,8922,8923,8924],{"id":8809,"depth":419,"text":8810},{"id":8820,"depth":419,"text":8821},{"id":8828,"depth":419,"text":8829},{"id":8837,"depth":419,"text":8838},{"id":8846,"depth":419,"text":8847},{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6805,"description":8926},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":8933,"title":8934,"body":8935,"description":11129,"extension":1796,"meta":11130,"navigation":807,"path":11131,"seo":11132,"stem":11133,"__hash__":11134},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8936,"toc":11091},[8937,8943,8949,8956,8961,8972,8979,9087,9091,9159,9164,9169,9174,9177,9188,9193,9196,9207,9214,9216,9221,9225,9250,9254,9263,9267,9330,9334,9367,9371,9416,9420,9457,9461,9464,9520,9524,9570,9573,9578,9617,9621,9644,9647,9661,9674,9678,9683,9750,9754,9790,9793,9801,9804,9868,9872,9904,9910,9912,9972,9979,9982,10060,10064,10097,10101,10104,10148,10152,10188,10191,10208,10211,10214,10267,10270,10281,10288,10297,10300,10358,10362,10403,10411,10419,10425,10433,10445,10450,10461,10534,10537,10549,10565,10569,10574,10578,10580,10623,10629,10632,10695,10699,10702,10711,10716,10753,10757,10760,10768,10771,10810,10814,10817,10868,10872,10893,10900,10902,10908,10935,10938,10993,10996,11007,11009,11016,11024,11030,11035,11042,11045,11052,11059,11061,11088],[10,8938,13,8940,18],{"id":8939},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,8941,8942],{},"dict()",[20,8944,8945,8946,8948],{},"The built-in ",[15,8947,8942],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,8950,8951,8952,8955],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[3563,8953,8954],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,8957,8958,8960],{},[15,8959,8942],{}," is commonly used to:",[126,8962,8963,8966,8969],{},[129,8964,8965],{},"create an empty dictionary",[129,8967,8968],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[129,8970,8971],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8973,8974,8975,504],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[491,8976,8978],{"href":8977},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[35,8980,8982],{"className":37,"code":8981,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,8983,8984,9018,9029,9033,9072],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8985,8986,8989,8991,8994,8996,8999,9001,9003,9005,9007,9009,9012,9014,9016],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8987,8988],{"class":50},"data ",[44,8990,55],{"class":54},[44,8992,8993],{"class":426}," dict",[44,8995,63],{"class":62},[44,8997,652],{"class":8998},"s99_P",[44,9000,55],{"class":54},[44,9002,476],{"class":66},[44,9004,4831],{"class":70},[44,9006,476],{"class":66},[44,9008,186],{"class":62},[44,9010,9011],{"class":8998}," age",[44,9013,55],{"class":54},[44,9015,485],{"class":452},[44,9017,76],{"class":62},[44,9019,9020,9022,9024,9027],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,9021,82],{"class":58},[44,9023,63],{"class":62},[44,9025,9026],{"class":97},"data",[44,9028,76],{"class":62},[44,9030,9031],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,9032,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,9034,9035,9038,9040,9043,9045,9047,9049,9051,9053,9056,9059,9061,9063,9065,9067,9069],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,9036,9037],{"class":50},"pairs ",[44,9039,55],{"class":54},[44,9041,9042],{"class":62}," [(",[44,9044,476],{"class":66},[44,9046,491],{"class":70},[44,9048,476],{"class":66},[44,9050,186],{"class":62},[44,9052,711],{"class":452},[44,9054,9055],{"class":62},"),",[44,9057,9058],{"class":62}," (",[44,9060,476],{"class":66},[44,9062,4587],{"class":70},[44,9064,476],{"class":66},[44,9066,186],{"class":62},[44,9068,2812],{"class":452},[44,9070,9071],{"class":62},")]\n",[44,9073,9074,9076,9078,9080,9082,9085],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,9075,82],{"class":58},[44,9077,63],{"class":62},[44,9079,8646],{"class":426},[44,9081,63],{"class":62},[44,9083,9084],{"class":97},"pairs",[44,9086,434],{"class":62},[20,9088,9089],{},[3563,9090,1031],{},[35,9092,9094],{"className":37,"code":9093,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9095,9096,9131],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9097,9098,9101,9103,9105,9107,9109,9111,9113,9115,9117,9119,9121,9123,9125,9128],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9099,9100],{"class":62},"{",[44,9102,476],{"class":66},[44,9104,652],{"class":70},[44,9106,476],{"class":66},[44,9108,449],{"class":62},[44,9110,470],{"class":66},[44,9112,4831],{"class":70},[44,9114,476],{"class":66},[44,9116,186],{"class":62},[44,9118,470],{"class":66},[44,9120,414],{"class":70},[44,9122,476],{"class":66},[44,9124,449],{"class":62},[44,9126,9127],{"class":452}," 25",[44,9129,9130],{"class":62},"}\n",[44,9132,9133,9135,9137,9139,9141,9143,9145,9147,9149,9151,9153,9155,9157],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,9134,9100],{"class":62},[44,9136,476],{"class":66},[44,9138,491],{"class":70},[44,9140,476],{"class":66},[44,9142,449],{"class":62},[44,9144,711],{"class":452},[44,9146,186],{"class":62},[44,9148,470],{"class":66},[44,9150,4587],{"class":70},[44,9152,476],{"class":66},[44,9154,449],{"class":62},[44,9156,2812],{"class":452},[44,9158,9130],{"class":62},[20,9160,103,9161,9163],{},[15,9162,8942],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[30,9165,113,9167,116],{"id":9166},"what-dict-does",[15,9168,8942],{},[20,9170,9171,9173],{},[15,9172,8942],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9175,9176],{},"A dictionary:",[126,9178,9179,9182,9185],{},[129,9180,9181],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[129,9183,9184],{},"lets you look up values by key",[129,9186,9187],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9189,9190,9192],{},[15,9191,8942],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9194,9195],{},"Common uses include:",[126,9197,9198,9201,9204],{},[129,9199,9200],{},"making an empty dictionary",[129,9202,9203],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[129,9205,9206],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9208,9209,9210,504],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[491,9211,9213],{"href":9212},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[30,9215,250],{"id":249},[20,9217,9218,9220],{},[15,9219,8942],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[600,9222,9224],{"id":9223},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[35,9226,9228],{"className":37,"code":9227,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9229,9230,9240],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9231,9232,9234,9236,9238],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9233,8988],{"class":50},[44,9235,55],{"class":54},[44,9237,8993],{"class":426},[44,9239,345],{"class":62},[44,9241,9242,9244,9246,9248],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,9243,82],{"class":58},[44,9245,63],{"class":62},[44,9247,9026],{"class":97},[44,9249,76],{"class":62},[20,9251,9252],{},[3563,9253,1031],{},[35,9255,9257],{"className":37,"code":9256,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{}\n",[15,9258,9259],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9260,9261],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9262,9256],{"class":62},[600,9264,9266],{"id":9265},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[35,9268,9270],{"className":37,"code":9269,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9271,9272,9306,9320],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9273,9274,9276,9278,9280,9282,9284,9286,9288,9290,9292,9294,9296,9298,9300,9302,9304],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9275,9037],{"class":50},[44,9277,55],{"class":54},[44,9279,9042],{"class":62},[44,9281,476],{"class":66},[44,9283,491],{"class":70},[44,9285,476],{"class":66},[44,9287,186],{"class":62},[44,9289,711],{"class":452},[44,9291,9055],{"class":62},[44,9293,9058],{"class":62},[44,9295,476],{"class":66},[44,9297,4587],{"class":70},[44,9299,476],{"class":66},[44,9301,186],{"class":62},[44,9303,2812],{"class":452},[44,9305,9071],{"class":62},[44,9307,9308,9310,9312,9314,9316,9318],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,9309,8988],{"class":50},[44,9311,55],{"class":54},[44,9313,8993],{"class":426},[44,9315,63],{"class":62},[44,9317,9084],{"class":97},[44,9319,76],{"class":62},[44,9321,9322,9324,9326,9328],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,9323,82],{"class":58},[44,9325,63],{"class":62},[44,9327,9026],{"class":97},[44,9329,76],{"class":62},[20,9331,9332],{},[3563,9333,1031],{},[35,9335,9337],{"className":37,"code":9336,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9338,9339],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9340,9341,9343,9345,9347,9349,9351,9353,9355,9357,9359,9361,9363,9365],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9342,9100],{"class":62},[44,9344,476],{"class":66},[44,9346,491],{"class":70},[44,9348,476],{"class":66},[44,9350,449],{"class":62},[44,9352,711],{"class":452},[44,9354,186],{"class":62},[44,9356,470],{"class":66},[44,9358,4587],{"class":70},[44,9360,476],{"class":66},[44,9362,449],{"class":62},[44,9364,2812],{"class":452},[44,9366,9130],{"class":62},[600,9368,9370],{"id":9369},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[35,9372,9374],{"className":37,"code":9373,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9375,9376,9406],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9377,9378,9380,9382,9384,9386,9388,9390,9392,9394,9396,9398,9400,9402,9404],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9379,8988],{"class":50},[44,9381,55],{"class":54},[44,9383,8993],{"class":426},[44,9385,63],{"class":62},[44,9387,652],{"class":8998},[44,9389,55],{"class":54},[44,9391,476],{"class":66},[44,9393,4831],{"class":70},[44,9395,476],{"class":66},[44,9397,186],{"class":62},[44,9399,9011],{"class":8998},[44,9401,55],{"class":54},[44,9403,485],{"class":452},[44,9405,76],{"class":62},[44,9407,9408,9410,9412,9414],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,9409,82],{"class":58},[44,9411,63],{"class":62},[44,9413,9026],{"class":97},[44,9415,76],{"class":62},[20,9417,9418],{},[3563,9419,1031],{},[35,9421,9423],{"className":37,"code":9422,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9424,9425],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9426,9427,9429,9431,9433,9435,9437,9439,9441,9443,9445,9447,9449,9451,9453,9455],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9428,9100],{"class":62},[44,9430,476],{"class":66},[44,9432,652],{"class":70},[44,9434,476],{"class":66},[44,9436,449],{"class":62},[44,9438,470],{"class":66},[44,9440,4831],{"class":70},[44,9442,476],{"class":66},[44,9444,186],{"class":62},[44,9446,470],{"class":66},[44,9448,414],{"class":70},[44,9450,476],{"class":66},[44,9452,449],{"class":62},[44,9454,9127],{"class":452},[44,9456,9130],{"class":62},[600,9458,9460],{"id":9459},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9462,9463],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[35,9465,9467],{"className":37,"code":9466,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9468,9469,9510],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9470,9471,9473,9475,9477,9480,9482,9484,9486,9488,9490,9493,9495,9497,9499,9501,9504,9506,9508],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9472,8988],{"class":50},[44,9474,55],{"class":54},[44,9476,8993],{"class":426},[44,9478,9479],{"class":62},"([(",[44,9481,476],{"class":66},[44,9483,491],{"class":70},[44,9485,476],{"class":66},[44,9487,186],{"class":62},[44,9489,711],{"class":452},[44,9491,9492],{"class":62},")],",[44,9494,1117],{"class":8998},[44,9496,55],{"class":54},[44,9498,1889],{"class":452},[44,9500,186],{"class":62},[44,9502,9503],{"class":8998}," c",[44,9505,55],{"class":54},[44,9507,1894],{"class":452},[44,9509,76],{"class":62},[44,9511,9512,9514,9516,9518],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,9513,82],{"class":58},[44,9515,63],{"class":62},[44,9517,9026],{"class":97},[44,9519,76],{"class":62},[20,9521,9522],{},[3563,9523,1031],{},[35,9525,9527],{"className":37,"code":9526,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9528,9529],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9530,9531,9533,9535,9537,9539,9541,9543,9545,9547,9549,9551,9553,9555,9557,9559,9562,9564,9566,9568],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9532,9100],{"class":62},[44,9534,476],{"class":66},[44,9536,491],{"class":70},[44,9538,476],{"class":66},[44,9540,449],{"class":62},[44,9542,711],{"class":452},[44,9544,186],{"class":62},[44,9546,470],{"class":66},[44,9548,4587],{"class":70},[44,9550,476],{"class":66},[44,9552,449],{"class":62},[44,9554,2812],{"class":452},[44,9556,186],{"class":62},[44,9558,470],{"class":66},[44,9560,9561],{"class":70},"c",[44,9563,476],{"class":66},[44,9565,449],{"class":62},[44,9567,2282],{"class":452},[44,9569,9130],{"class":62},[30,9571,9224],{"id":9572},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9574,103,9575,9577],{},[15,9576,8942],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[35,9579,9581],{"className":37,"code":9580,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9582,9583,9593,9607],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9584,9585,9587,9589,9591],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9586,8988],{"class":50},[44,9588,55],{"class":54},[44,9590,8993],{"class":426},[44,9592,345],{"class":62},[44,9594,9595,9597,9599,9601,9603,9605],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,9596,82],{"class":58},[44,9598,63],{"class":62},[44,9600,427],{"class":426},[44,9602,63],{"class":62},[44,9604,9026],{"class":97},[44,9606,434],{"class":62},[44,9608,9609,9611,9613,9615],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,9610,82],{"class":58},[44,9612,63],{"class":62},[44,9614,9026],{"class":97},[44,9616,76],{"class":62},[20,9618,9619],{},[3563,9620,1031],{},[35,9622,9624],{"className":37,"code":9623,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9625,9626,9640],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9627,9628,9630,9632,9634,9636,9638],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9629,463],{"class":54},[44,9631,467],{"class":466},[44,9633,470],{"class":66},[44,9635,8646],{"class":70},[44,9637,476],{"class":66},[44,9639,479],{"class":54},[44,9641,9642],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,9643,9256],{"class":62},[20,9645,9646],{},"This gives the same result as:",[35,9648,9650],{"className":37,"code":9649,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n",[15,9651,9652],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9653,9654,9656,9658],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9655,8988],{"class":50},[44,9657,55],{"class":54},[44,9659,9660],{"class":62}," {}\n",[20,9662,9663,9664,9666,9667,9670,9671,9673],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9665,3613],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9668,9669],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9672,8942],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[30,9675,9677],{"id":9676},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9679,9680,9681,504],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9682,8942],{},[35,9684,9686],{"className":37,"code":9685,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9687,9688,9726,9740],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9689,9690,9692,9694,9696,9698,9700,9702,9704,9706,9708,9710,9712,9714,9716,9718,9720,9722,9724],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9691,9037],{"class":50},[44,9693,55],{"class":54},[44,9695,9042],{"class":62},[44,9697,476],{"class":66},[44,9699,652],{"class":70},[44,9701,476],{"class":66},[44,9703,186],{"class":62},[44,9705,470],{"class":66},[44,9707,4831],{"class":70},[44,9709,476],{"class":66},[44,9711,9055],{"class":62},[44,9713,9058],{"class":62},[44,9715,476],{"class":66},[44,9717,414],{"class":70},[44,9719,476],{"class":66},[44,9721,186],{"class":62},[44,9723,9127],{"class":452},[44,9725,9071],{"class":62},[44,9727,9728,9730,9732,9734,9736,9738],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,9729,8988],{"class":50},[44,9731,55],{"class":54},[44,9733,8993],{"class":426},[44,9735,63],{"class":62},[44,9737,9084],{"class":97},[44,9739,76],{"class":62},[44,9741,9742,9744,9746,9748],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,9743,82],{"class":58},[44,9745,63],{"class":62},[44,9747,9026],{"class":97},[44,9749,76],{"class":62},[20,9751,9752],{},[3563,9753,1031],{},[35,9755,9756],{"className":37,"code":9422,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,9757,9758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9759,9760,9762,9764,9766,9768,9770,9772,9774,9776,9778,9780,9782,9784,9786,9788],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9761,9100],{"class":62},[44,9763,476],{"class":66},[44,9765,652],{"class":70},[44,9767,476],{"class":66},[44,9769,449],{"class":62},[44,9771,470],{"class":66},[44,9773,4831],{"class":70},[44,9775,476],{"class":66},[44,9777,186],{"class":62},[44,9779,470],{"class":66},[44,9781,414],{"class":70},[44,9783,476],{"class":66},[44,9785,449],{"class":62},[44,9787,9127],{"class":452},[44,9789,9130],{"class":62},[20,9791,9792],{},"Each pair becomes:",[126,9794,9795,9798],{},[129,9796,9797],{},"the first item as the key",[129,9799,9800],{},"the second item as the value",[20,9802,9803],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[35,9805,9807],{"className":37,"code":9806,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9808,9809,9844,9858],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9810,9811,9813,9815,9818,9820,9822,9824,9826,9828,9830,9832,9834,9836,9838,9840,9842],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9812,9037],{"class":50},[44,9814,55],{"class":54},[44,9816,9817],{"class":62}," ((",[44,9819,476],{"class":66},[44,9821,491],{"class":70},[44,9823,476],{"class":66},[44,9825,186],{"class":62},[44,9827,711],{"class":452},[44,9829,9055],{"class":62},[44,9831,9058],{"class":62},[44,9833,476],{"class":66},[44,9835,4587],{"class":70},[44,9837,476],{"class":66},[44,9839,186],{"class":62},[44,9841,2812],{"class":452},[44,9843,434],{"class":62},[44,9845,9846,9848,9850,9852,9854,9856],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,9847,8988],{"class":50},[44,9849,55],{"class":54},[44,9851,8993],{"class":426},[44,9853,63],{"class":62},[44,9855,9084],{"class":97},[44,9857,76],{"class":62},[44,9859,9860,9862,9864,9866],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,9861,82],{"class":58},[44,9863,63],{"class":62},[44,9865,9026],{"class":97},[44,9867,76],{"class":62},[20,9869,9870],{},[3563,9871,1031],{},[35,9873,9874],{"className":37,"code":9336,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,9875,9876],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9877,9878,9880,9882,9884,9886,9888,9890,9892,9894,9896,9898,9900,9902],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9879,9100],{"class":62},[44,9881,476],{"class":66},[44,9883,491],{"class":70},[44,9885,476],{"class":66},[44,9887,449],{"class":62},[44,9889,711],{"class":452},[44,9891,186],{"class":62},[44,9893,470],{"class":66},[44,9895,4587],{"class":70},[44,9897,476],{"class":66},[44,9899,449],{"class":62},[44,9901,2812],{"class":452},[44,9903,9130],{"class":62},[20,9905,9906,9907,504],{},"Each item must contain ",[3563,9908,9909],{},"exactly two elements",[20,9911,2660],{},[35,9913,9915],{"className":37,"code":9914,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,9916,9917,9957],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9918,9919,9922,9924,9926,9928,9930,9932,9934,9936,9938,9941,9943,9945,9947,9949,9951,9953,9955],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9920,9921],{"class":50},"bad_data ",[44,9923,55],{"class":54},[44,9925,9042],{"class":62},[44,9927,476],{"class":66},[44,9929,491],{"class":70},[44,9931,476],{"class":66},[44,9933,186],{"class":62},[44,9935,711],{"class":452},[44,9937,186],{"class":62},[44,9939,9940],{"class":452}," 100",[44,9942,9055],{"class":62},[44,9944,9058],{"class":62},[44,9946,476],{"class":66},[44,9948,4587],{"class":70},[44,9950,476],{"class":66},[44,9952,186],{"class":62},[44,9954,2812],{"class":452},[44,9956,9071],{"class":62},[44,9958,9959,9961,9963,9965,9967,9970],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,9960,2059],{"class":50},[44,9962,55],{"class":54},[44,9964,8993],{"class":426},[44,9966,63],{"class":62},[44,9968,9969],{"class":97},"bad_data",[44,9971,76],{"class":62},[20,9973,9974,9975,9978],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,9976,9977],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,9980,9981],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[35,9983,9985],{"className":37,"code":9984,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9986,9987,10036,10050],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9988,9989,9991,9993,9995,9997,9999,10001,10003,10005,10007,10009,10011,10013,10015,10017,10020,10022,10024,10026,10028,10030,10032,10034],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9990,9037],{"class":50},[44,9992,55],{"class":54},[44,9994,9042],{"class":62},[44,9996,476],{"class":66},[44,9998,491],{"class":70},[44,10000,476],{"class":66},[44,10002,186],{"class":62},[44,10004,711],{"class":452},[44,10006,9055],{"class":62},[44,10008,9058],{"class":62},[44,10010,476],{"class":66},[44,10012,491],{"class":70},[44,10014,476],{"class":66},[44,10016,186],{"class":62},[44,10018,10019],{"class":452}," 99",[44,10021,9055],{"class":62},[44,10023,9058],{"class":62},[44,10025,476],{"class":66},[44,10027,4587],{"class":70},[44,10029,476],{"class":66},[44,10031,186],{"class":62},[44,10033,2812],{"class":452},[44,10035,9071],{"class":62},[44,10037,10038,10040,10042,10044,10046,10048],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,10039,8988],{"class":50},[44,10041,55],{"class":54},[44,10043,8993],{"class":426},[44,10045,63],{"class":62},[44,10047,9084],{"class":97},[44,10049,76],{"class":62},[44,10051,10052,10054,10056,10058],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,10053,82],{"class":58},[44,10055,63],{"class":62},[44,10057,9026],{"class":97},[44,10059,76],{"class":62},[20,10061,10062],{},[3563,10063,1031],{},[35,10065,10067],{"className":37,"code":10066,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10068,10069],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10070,10071,10073,10075,10077,10079,10081,10083,10085,10087,10089,10091,10093,10095],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10072,9100],{"class":62},[44,10074,476],{"class":66},[44,10076,491],{"class":70},[44,10078,476],{"class":66},[44,10080,449],{"class":62},[44,10082,10019],{"class":452},[44,10084,186],{"class":62},[44,10086,470],{"class":66},[44,10088,4587],{"class":70},[44,10090,476],{"class":66},[44,10092,449],{"class":62},[44,10094,2812],{"class":452},[44,10096,9130],{"class":62},[30,10098,10100],{"id":10099},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10102,10103],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[35,10105,10106],{"className":37,"code":9373,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,10107,10108,10138],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10109,10110,10112,10114,10116,10118,10120,10122,10124,10126,10128,10130,10132,10134,10136],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10111,8988],{"class":50},[44,10113,55],{"class":54},[44,10115,8993],{"class":426},[44,10117,63],{"class":62},[44,10119,652],{"class":8998},[44,10121,55],{"class":54},[44,10123,476],{"class":66},[44,10125,4831],{"class":70},[44,10127,476],{"class":66},[44,10129,186],{"class":62},[44,10131,9011],{"class":8998},[44,10133,55],{"class":54},[44,10135,485],{"class":452},[44,10137,76],{"class":62},[44,10139,10140,10142,10144,10146],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,10141,82],{"class":58},[44,10143,63],{"class":62},[44,10145,9026],{"class":97},[44,10147,76],{"class":62},[20,10149,10150],{},[3563,10151,1031],{},[35,10153,10154],{"className":37,"code":9422,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,10155,10156],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10157,10158,10160,10162,10164,10166,10168,10170,10172,10174,10176,10178,10180,10182,10184,10186],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10159,9100],{"class":62},[44,10161,476],{"class":66},[44,10163,652],{"class":70},[44,10165,476],{"class":66},[44,10167,449],{"class":62},[44,10169,470],{"class":66},[44,10171,4831],{"class":70},[44,10173,476],{"class":66},[44,10175,186],{"class":62},[44,10177,470],{"class":66},[44,10179,414],{"class":70},[44,10181,476],{"class":66},[44,10183,449],{"class":62},[44,10185,9127],{"class":452},[44,10187,9130],{"class":62},[20,10189,10190],{},"In this form:",[126,10192,10193,10201],{},[129,10194,10195,10197,10198],{},[15,10196,652],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10199,10200],{},"'name'",[129,10202,10203,10197,10205],{},[15,10204,414],{},[15,10206,10207],{},"'age'",[20,10209,10210],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10212,10213],{},"Valid examples:",[35,10215,10217],{"className":37,"code":10216,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10218,10219,10257],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10220,10221,10223,10225,10227,10229,10232,10234,10236,10239,10241,10243,10246,10248,10250,10253,10255],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10222,8988],{"class":50},[44,10224,55],{"class":54},[44,10226,8993],{"class":426},[44,10228,63],{"class":62},[44,10230,10231],{"class":8998},"city",[44,10233,55],{"class":54},[44,10235,476],{"class":66},[44,10237,10238],{"class":70},"Paris",[44,10240,476],{"class":66},[44,10242,186],{"class":62},[44,10244,10245],{"class":8998}," country",[44,10247,55],{"class":54},[44,10249,476],{"class":66},[44,10251,10252],{"class":70},"France",[44,10254,476],{"class":66},[44,10256,76],{"class":62},[44,10258,10259,10261,10263,10265],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,10260,82],{"class":58},[44,10262,63],{"class":62},[44,10264,9026],{"class":97},[44,10266,76],{"class":62},[20,10268,10269],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[126,10271,10272,10275,10278],{},[129,10273,10274],{},"spaces",[129,10276,10277],{},"hyphens",[129,10279,10280],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10282,10283,10284,10287],{},"For example, this is ",[3563,10285,10286],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[35,10289,10291],{"className":37,"code":10290,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10292,10293],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10294,10295],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10296,10290],{"class":3483},[20,10298,10299],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[35,10301,10303],{"className":37,"code":10302,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10304,10305,10348],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10306,10307,10309,10311,10314,10316,10319,10321,10323,10325,10327,10329,10331,10333,10336,10338,10340,10342,10344,10346],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10308,8988],{"class":50},[44,10310,55],{"class":54},[44,10312,10313],{"class":62}," {",[44,10315,476],{"class":66},[44,10317,10318],{"class":70},"first-name",[44,10320,476],{"class":66},[44,10322,449],{"class":62},[44,10324,470],{"class":66},[44,10326,7507],{"class":70},[44,10328,476],{"class":66},[44,10330,186],{"class":62},[44,10332,470],{"class":66},[44,10334,10335],{"class":70},"first name",[44,10337,476],{"class":66},[44,10339,449],{"class":62},[44,10341,470],{"class":66},[44,10343,7507],{"class":70},[44,10345,476],{"class":66},[44,10347,9130],{"class":62},[44,10349,10350,10352,10354,10356],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,10351,82],{"class":58},[44,10353,63],{"class":62},[44,10355,9026],{"class":97},[44,10357,76],{"class":62},[20,10359,10360],{},[3563,10361,1031],{},[35,10363,10365],{"className":37,"code":10364,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10366,10367],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10368,10369,10371,10373,10375,10377,10379,10381,10383,10385,10387,10389,10391,10393,10395,10397,10399,10401],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10370,9100],{"class":62},[44,10372,476],{"class":66},[44,10374,10318],{"class":70},[44,10376,476],{"class":66},[44,10378,449],{"class":62},[44,10380,470],{"class":66},[44,10382,7507],{"class":70},[44,10384,476],{"class":66},[44,10386,186],{"class":62},[44,10388,470],{"class":66},[44,10390,10335],{"class":70},[44,10392,476],{"class":66},[44,10394,449],{"class":62},[44,10396,470],{"class":66},[44,10398,7507],{"class":70},[44,10400,476],{"class":66},[44,10402,9130],{"class":62},[30,10404,10406,10408,10409],{"id":10405},"dict-vs",[15,10407,8942],{}," vs ",[15,10410,3613],{},[20,10412,10413,10414,1126,10416,10418],{},"Both ",[15,10415,8942],{},[15,10417,3613],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[600,10420,103,10422,10424],{"id":10421},"use-when",[15,10423,3613],{}," when:",[126,10426,10427,10430],{},[129,10428,10429],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[129,10431,10432],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[35,10434,10435],{"className":37,"code":9649,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,10436,10437],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10438,10439,10441,10443],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10440,8988],{"class":50},[44,10442,55],{"class":54},[44,10444,9660],{"class":62},[600,10446,103,10448,10424],{"id":10447},"use-dict-when",[15,10449,8942],{},[126,10451,10452,10455,10458],{},[129,10453,10454],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[129,10456,10457],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[129,10459,10460],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[35,10462,10464],{"className":37,"code":10463,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10465,10466,10503],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10467,10468,10470,10472,10474,10476,10478,10480,10482,10484,10486,10488,10490,10492,10494,10496,10498,10500],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10469,8988],{"class":50},[44,10471,55],{"class":54},[44,10473,8993],{"class":426},[44,10475,9479],{"class":62},[44,10477,476],{"class":66},[44,10479,491],{"class":70},[44,10481,476],{"class":66},[44,10483,186],{"class":62},[44,10485,711],{"class":452},[44,10487,9055],{"class":62},[44,10489,9058],{"class":62},[44,10491,476],{"class":66},[44,10493,4587],{"class":70},[44,10495,476],{"class":66},[44,10497,186],{"class":62},[44,10499,2812],{"class":452},[44,10501,10502],{"class":62},")])\n",[44,10504,10505,10508,10510,10512,10514,10516,10518,10520,10522,10524,10526,10528,10530,10532],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,10506,10507],{"class":50},"info ",[44,10509,55],{"class":54},[44,10511,8993],{"class":426},[44,10513,63],{"class":62},[44,10515,652],{"class":8998},[44,10517,55],{"class":54},[44,10519,476],{"class":66},[44,10521,4831],{"class":70},[44,10523,476],{"class":66},[44,10525,186],{"class":62},[44,10527,9011],{"class":8998},[44,10529,55],{"class":54},[44,10531,485],{"class":452},[44,10533,76],{"class":62},[20,10535,10536],{},"So:",[126,10538,10539,10544],{},[129,10540,10541,10543],{},[15,10542,3613],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[129,10545,10546,10548],{},[15,10547,8942],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10550,10551,10552,10556,10557,504],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[491,10553,10555],{"href":10554},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[491,10558,10560,10561,10564],{"href":10559},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10562,10563],{},"get()"," method",[30,10566,10568],{"id":10567},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10570,10571,10572,504],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10573,8942],{},[600,10575,10577],{"id":10576},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10579,4351],{},[35,10581,10583],{"className":37,"code":10582,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10584,10585,10609],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10586,10587,10589,10591,10593,10595,10597,10599,10601,10603,10605,10607],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10588,7609],{"class":50},[44,10590,55],{"class":54},[44,10592,3440],{"class":62},[44,10594,476],{"class":66},[44,10596,491],{"class":70},[44,10598,476],{"class":66},[44,10600,186],{"class":62},[44,10602,470],{"class":66},[44,10604,4587],{"class":70},[44,10606,476],{"class":66},[44,10608,3453],{"class":62},[44,10610,10611,10613,10615,10617,10619,10621],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,10612,8988],{"class":50},[44,10614,55],{"class":54},[44,10616,8993],{"class":426},[44,10618,63],{"class":62},[44,10620,7640],{"class":97},[44,10622,76],{"class":62},[20,10624,10625,10626,504],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10627,10628],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10630,10631],{},"Correct version:",[35,10633,10635],{"className":37,"code":10634,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10636,10637,10671,10685],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10638,10639,10641,10643,10645,10647,10649,10651,10653,10655,10657,10659,10661,10663,10665,10667,10669],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10640,7609],{"class":50},[44,10642,55],{"class":54},[44,10644,9042],{"class":62},[44,10646,476],{"class":66},[44,10648,491],{"class":70},[44,10650,476],{"class":66},[44,10652,186],{"class":62},[44,10654,711],{"class":452},[44,10656,9055],{"class":62},[44,10658,9058],{"class":62},[44,10660,476],{"class":66},[44,10662,4587],{"class":70},[44,10664,476],{"class":66},[44,10666,186],{"class":62},[44,10668,2812],{"class":452},[44,10670,9071],{"class":62},[44,10672,10673,10675,10677,10679,10681,10683],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,10674,8988],{"class":50},[44,10676,55],{"class":54},[44,10678,8993],{"class":426},[44,10680,63],{"class":62},[44,10682,7640],{"class":97},[44,10684,76],{"class":62},[44,10686,10687,10689,10691,10693],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,10688,82],{"class":58},[44,10690,63],{"class":62},[44,10692,9026],{"class":97},[44,10694,76],{"class":62},[600,10696,10698],{"id":10697},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10700,10701],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[35,10703,10705],{"className":37,"code":10704,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10706,10707],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10708,10709],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10710,10704],{"class":3483},[20,10712,10713,10714,449],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10715,55],{},[35,10717,10719],{"className":37,"code":10718,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10720,10721,10743],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10722,10723,10725,10727,10729,10731,10733,10735,10737,10739,10741],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10724,8988],{"class":50},[44,10726,55],{"class":54},[44,10728,8993],{"class":426},[44,10730,63],{"class":62},[44,10732,652],{"class":8998},[44,10734,55],{"class":54},[44,10736,476],{"class":66},[44,10738,4831],{"class":70},[44,10740,476],{"class":66},[44,10742,76],{"class":62},[44,10744,10745,10747,10749,10751],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,10746,82],{"class":58},[44,10748,63],{"class":62},[44,10750,9026],{"class":97},[44,10752,76],{"class":62},[600,10754,10756],{"id":10755},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,10758,10759],{},"This will not work:",[35,10761,10762],{"className":37,"code":10290,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,10763,10764],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10765,10766],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10767,10290],{"class":3483},[20,10769,10770],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[35,10772,10774],{"className":37,"code":10773,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10775,10776,10800],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10777,10778,10780,10782,10784,10786,10788,10790,10792,10794,10796,10798],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10779,8988],{"class":50},[44,10781,55],{"class":54},[44,10783,10313],{"class":62},[44,10785,476],{"class":66},[44,10787,10318],{"class":70},[44,10789,476],{"class":66},[44,10791,449],{"class":62},[44,10793,470],{"class":66},[44,10795,7507],{"class":70},[44,10797,476],{"class":66},[44,10799,9130],{"class":62},[44,10801,10802,10804,10806,10808],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,10803,82],{"class":58},[44,10805,63],{"class":62},[44,10807,9026],{"class":97},[44,10809,76],{"class":62},[600,10811,10813],{"id":10812},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,10815,10816],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[35,10818,10820],{"className":37,"code":10819,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,10821,10822,10858],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10823,10824,10826,10828,10830,10832,10834,10836,10838,10840,10842,10844,10846,10848,10850,10852,10854,10856],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10825,8988],{"class":50},[44,10827,55],{"class":54},[44,10829,8993],{"class":426},[44,10831,9479],{"class":62},[44,10833,476],{"class":66},[44,10835,2003],{"class":70},[44,10837,476],{"class":66},[44,10839,186],{"class":62},[44,10841,711],{"class":452},[44,10843,9055],{"class":62},[44,10845,9058],{"class":62},[44,10847,476],{"class":66},[44,10849,2003],{"class":70},[44,10851,476],{"class":66},[44,10853,186],{"class":62},[44,10855,2812],{"class":452},[44,10857,10502],{"class":62},[44,10859,10860,10862,10864,10866],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,10861,82],{"class":58},[44,10863,63],{"class":62},[44,10865,9026],{"class":97},[44,10867,76],{"class":62},[20,10869,10870],{},[3563,10871,1031],{},[35,10873,10875],{"className":37,"code":10874,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,10876,10877],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10878,10879,10881,10883,10885,10887,10889,10891],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10880,9100],{"class":62},[44,10882,476],{"class":66},[44,10884,2003],{"class":70},[44,10886,476],{"class":66},[44,10888,449],{"class":62},[44,10890,2812],{"class":452},[44,10892,9130],{"class":62},[20,10894,10895,10896,504],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[491,10897,10899],{"href":10898},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[30,10901,1486],{"id":1485},[20,10903,10904,10905,10907],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,10906,8942],{}," include:",[126,10909,10910,10920,10926,10929],{},[129,10911,10912,10913,10916,10917],{},"passing a list like ",[15,10914,10915],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,10918,10919],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[129,10921,10922,10923],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,10924,10925],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[129,10927,10928],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[129,10930,10931,10932,10934],{},"confusing ",[15,10933,8942],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,10936,10937],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[35,10939,10941],{"className":37,"code":10940,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,10942,10943,10957,10967,10978],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10944,10945,10947,10949,10951,10953,10955],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10946,82],{"class":58},[44,10948,63],{"class":62},[44,10950,427],{"class":426},[44,10952,63],{"class":62},[44,10954,9026],{"class":97},[44,10956,434],{"class":62},[44,10958,10959,10961,10963,10965],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,10960,82],{"class":58},[44,10962,63],{"class":62},[44,10964,9026],{"class":97},[44,10966,76],{"class":62},[44,10968,10969,10971,10973,10976],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,10970,82],{"class":58},[44,10972,63],{"class":62},[44,10974,10975],{"class":97},"list_of_pairs",[44,10977,76],{"class":62},[44,10979,10980,10982,10984,10987,10989,10991],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,10981,82],{"class":58},[44,10983,63],{"class":62},[44,10985,10986],{"class":58},"len",[44,10988,63],{"class":62},[44,10990,10975],{"class":97},[44,10992,434],{"class":62},[20,10994,10995],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[126,10997,10998,11001,11004],{},[129,10999,11000],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[129,11002,11003],{},"what data is being passed in",[129,11005,11006],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[30,11008,1651],{"id":1650},[600,11010,5007,11012,1126,11014,213],{"id":11011},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11013,8942],{},[15,11015,3613],{},[20,11017,11018,11020,11021,11023],{},[15,11019,3613],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11022,8942],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[600,11025,4997,11027,11029],{"id":11026},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11028,8942],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11031,11032,11033,504],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11034,10919],{},[600,11036,1683,11038,11041],{"id":11037},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11039,11040],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11043,11044],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[600,11046,11048,11049,11051],{"id":11047},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11050,8942],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11053,11054,11055,11058],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11056,11057],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[30,11060,1719],{"id":1718},[126,11062,11063,11068,11072,11077,11083],{},[129,11064,11065],{},[491,11066,11067],{"href":9212},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[129,11069,11070],{},[491,11071,8978],{"href":8977},[129,11073,11074],{},[491,11075,11076],{"href":10554},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[129,11078,11079],{},[491,11080,10560,11081,10564],{"href":10559},[15,11082,10563],{},[129,11084,11085],{},[491,11086,11087],{"href":10898},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1758,11089,11090],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":11092},[11093,11095,11101,11102,11103,11104,11111,11117,11118,11128],{"id":9166,"depth":79,"text":11094},"What dict() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250,"children":11096},[11097,11098,11099,11100],{"id":9223,"depth":419,"text":9224},{"id":9265,"depth":419,"text":9266},{"id":9369,"depth":419,"text":9370},{"id":9459,"depth":419,"text":9460},{"id":9572,"depth":79,"text":9224},{"id":9676,"depth":79,"text":9677},{"id":10099,"depth":79,"text":10100},{"id":10405,"depth":79,"text":11105,"children":11106},"dict() vs {}",[11107,11109],{"id":10421,"depth":419,"text":11108},"Use {} when:",{"id":10447,"depth":419,"text":11110},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10567,"depth":79,"text":10568,"children":11112},[11113,11114,11115,11116],{"id":10576,"depth":419,"text":10577},{"id":10697,"depth":419,"text":10698},{"id":10755,"depth":419,"text":10756},{"id":10812,"depth":419,"text":10813},{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":11119},[11120,11122,11124,11126],{"id":11011,"depth":419,"text":11121},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11026,"depth":419,"text":11123},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11037,"depth":419,"text":11125},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11047,"depth":419,"text":11127},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":8934,"description":11129},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11136,"title":11137,"body":11138,"description":12646,"extension":1796,"meta":12647,"navigation":807,"path":12648,"seo":12649,"stem":12650,"__hash__":12651},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11139,"toc":12615},[11140,11148,11154,11161,11163,11224,11229,11234,11239,11257,11260,11264,11266,11282,11284,11297,11301,11304,11438,11440,11507,11510,11526,11531,11537,11540,11622,11624,11638,11642,11648,11713,11715,11723,11726,11749,11755,11818,11824,11827,11841,11854,11858,11869,11874,11885,11892,11896,11902,12023,12025,12051,12054,12071,12074,12185,12187,12236,12238,12251,12260,12265,12270,12281,12283,12386,12409,12411,12415,12434,12437,12495,12498,12524,12526,12532,12535,12541,12545,12552,12560,12566,12569,12571,12612],[10,11141,11143,11144,11147],{"id":11142},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11145,11146],{},"clear()"," Method",[20,11149,11150,11153],{},[15,11151,11152],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11155,11156,11157,11160],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[3563,11158,11159],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[30,11162,33],{"id":32},[35,11164,11166],{"className":37,"code":11165,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11167,11168,11200,11211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11169,11170,11172,11174,11176,11178,11180,11182,11184,11186,11188,11190,11192,11194,11196,11198],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11171,8988],{"class":50},[44,11173,55],{"class":54},[44,11175,10313],{"class":62},[44,11177,67],{"class":66},[44,11179,491],{"class":70},[44,11181,67],{"class":66},[44,11183,449],{"class":62},[44,11185,711],{"class":452},[44,11187,186],{"class":62},[44,11189,1438],{"class":66},[44,11191,4587],{"class":70},[44,11193,67],{"class":66},[44,11195,449],{"class":62},[44,11197,2812],{"class":452},[44,11199,9130],{"class":62},[44,11201,11202,11204,11206,11209],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,11203,9026],{"class":50},[44,11205,504],{"class":62},[44,11207,11208],{"class":97},"clear",[44,11210,345],{"class":62},[44,11212,11213,11215,11217,11219,11221],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,11214,82],{"class":58},[44,11216,63],{"class":62},[44,11218,9026],{"class":97},[44,11220,3480],{"class":62},[44,11222,11223],{"class":3483},"  # {}\n",[20,11225,11226,11228],{},[15,11227,11146],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[30,11230,113,11232,116],{"id":11231},"what-clear-does",[15,11233,11146],{},[20,11235,22,11236,11238],{},[15,11237,11146],{}," method:",[126,11240,11241,11244,11247,11252],{},[129,11242,11243],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[129,11245,11246],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[129,11248,11249,11250],{},"Returns ",[15,11251,3599],{},[129,11253,11254,11255],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11256,3613],{},[20,11258,11259],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11261,8974,11262,504],{},[491,11263,8978],{"href":8977},[30,11265,250],{"id":249},[35,11267,11269],{"className":37,"code":11268,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11270,11271],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11272,11273,11276,11278,11280],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11274,11275],{"class":50},"my_dict",[44,11277,504],{"class":62},[44,11279,11208],{"class":97},[44,11281,345],{"class":62},[20,11283,273],{},[126,11285,11286,11291,11294],{},[129,11287,11288,11290],{},[15,11289,11146],{}," takes no arguments",[129,11292,11293],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[129,11295,11296],{},"It empties that dictionary",[30,11298,11300],{"id":11299},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,11302,11303],{},"Here is a basic example:",[35,11305,11307],{"className":37,"code":11306,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11308,11309,11319,11340,11354,11371,11375,11379,11399,11403,11414,11418],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11310,11311,11314,11316],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11312,11313],{"class":50},"user ",[44,11315,55],{"class":54},[44,11317,11318],{"class":62}," {\n",[44,11320,11321,11324,11326,11328,11330,11332,11335,11337],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,11322,11323],{"class":66},"    \"",[44,11325,652],{"class":70},[44,11327,67],{"class":66},[44,11329,449],{"class":62},[44,11331,1438],{"class":66},[44,11333,11334],{"class":70},"Maya",[44,11336,67],{"class":66},[44,11338,11339],{"class":62},",\n",[44,11341,11342,11344,11346,11348,11350,11352],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,11343,11323],{"class":66},[44,11345,414],{"class":70},[44,11347,67],{"class":66},[44,11349,449],{"class":62},[44,11351,9127],{"class":452},[44,11353,11339],{"class":62},[44,11355,11356,11358,11360,11362,11364,11366,11369],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,11357,11323],{"class":66},[44,11359,10231],{"class":70},[44,11361,67],{"class":66},[44,11363,449],{"class":62},[44,11365,1438],{"class":66},[44,11367,11368],{"class":70},"Berlin",[44,11370,3176],{"class":66},[44,11372,11373],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,11374,9130],{"class":62},[44,11376,11377],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,11378,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,11380,11381,11383,11385,11387,11390,11392,11394,11397],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,11382,82],{"class":58},[44,11384,63],{"class":62},[44,11386,67],{"class":66},[44,11388,11389],{"class":70},"Before:",[44,11391,67],{"class":66},[44,11393,186],{"class":62},[44,11395,11396],{"class":97}," user",[44,11398,76],{"class":62},[44,11400,11401],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,11402,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,11404,11405,11408,11410,11412],{"class":46,"line":6261},[44,11406,11407],{"class":50},"user",[44,11409,504],{"class":62},[44,11411,11208],{"class":97},[44,11413,345],{"class":62},[44,11415,11416],{"class":46,"line":6266},[44,11417,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,11419,11421,11423,11425,11427,11430,11432,11434,11436],{"class":46,"line":11420},11,[44,11422,82],{"class":58},[44,11424,63],{"class":62},[44,11426,67],{"class":66},[44,11428,11429],{"class":70},"After:",[44,11431,67],{"class":66},[44,11433,186],{"class":62},[44,11435,11396],{"class":97},[44,11437,76],{"class":62},[20,11439,5388],{},[35,11441,11443],{"className":37,"code":11442,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11444,11445,11498],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11446,11447,11450,11452,11454,11456,11458,11460,11462,11464,11466,11468,11470,11472,11474,11476,11478,11480,11482,11484,11486,11488,11490,11492,11494,11496],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11448,11449],{"class":50},"Before",[44,11451,449],{"class":62},[44,11453,10313],{"class":62},[44,11455,476],{"class":66},[44,11457,652],{"class":70},[44,11459,476],{"class":66},[44,11461,449],{"class":62},[44,11463,470],{"class":66},[44,11465,11334],{"class":70},[44,11467,476],{"class":66},[44,11469,186],{"class":62},[44,11471,470],{"class":66},[44,11473,414],{"class":70},[44,11475,476],{"class":66},[44,11477,449],{"class":62},[44,11479,9127],{"class":452},[44,11481,186],{"class":62},[44,11483,470],{"class":66},[44,11485,10231],{"class":70},[44,11487,476],{"class":66},[44,11489,449],{"class":62},[44,11491,470],{"class":66},[44,11493,11368],{"class":70},[44,11495,476],{"class":66},[44,11497,9130],{"class":62},[44,11499,11500,11503,11505],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,11501,11502],{"class":50},"After",[44,11504,449],{"class":62},[44,11506,9660],{"class":62},[20,11508,11509],{},"What happens here:",[126,11511,11512,11517,11523],{},[129,11513,11514,11516],{},[15,11515,11407],{}," starts with three items",[129,11518,11519,11522],{},[15,11520,11521],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[129,11524,11525],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[30,11527,113,11529,370],{"id":11528},"what-clear-returns",[15,11530,11146],{},[20,11532,11533,2228,11535,504],{},[15,11534,11146],{},[15,11536,3599],{},[20,11538,11539],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[35,11541,11543],{"className":37,"code":11542,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11544,11545,11579,11583,11598,11602,11612],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11546,11547,11550,11552,11554,11556,11558,11560,11562,11564,11566,11568,11571,11573,11575,11577],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11548,11549],{"class":50},"my_dict ",[44,11551,55],{"class":54},[44,11553,10313],{"class":62},[44,11555,67],{"class":66},[44,11557,2003],{"class":70},[44,11559,67],{"class":66},[44,11561,449],{"class":62},[44,11563,711],{"class":452},[44,11565,186],{"class":62},[44,11567,1438],{"class":66},[44,11569,11570],{"class":70},"y",[44,11572,67],{"class":66},[44,11574,449],{"class":62},[44,11576,2812],{"class":452},[44,11578,9130],{"class":62},[44,11580,11581],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,11582,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,11584,11585,11587,11589,11592,11594,11596],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,11586,2059],{"class":50},[44,11588,55],{"class":54},[44,11590,11591],{"class":50}," my_dict",[44,11593,504],{"class":62},[44,11595,11208],{"class":97},[44,11597,345],{"class":62},[44,11599,11600],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,11601,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,11603,11604,11606,11608,11610],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,11605,82],{"class":58},[44,11607,63],{"class":62},[44,11609,2094],{"class":97},[44,11611,76],{"class":62},[44,11613,11614,11616,11618,11620],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,11615,82],{"class":58},[44,11617,63],{"class":62},[44,11619,11275],{"class":97},[44,11621,76],{"class":62},[20,11623,1031],{},[35,11625,11627],{"className":37,"code":11626,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n{}\n",[15,11628,11629,11634],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11630,11631],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11632,11633],{"class":3674},"None\n",[44,11635,11636],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,11637,9256],{"class":62},[600,11639,11641],{"id":11640},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11643,11644,11645,11647],{},"Do ",[3563,11646,4457],{}," do this:",[35,11649,11651],{"className":37,"code":11650,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11652,11653,11685,11699,11703],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11654,11655,11657,11659,11661,11663,11665,11667,11669,11671,11673,11675,11677,11679,11681,11683],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11656,11549],{"class":50},[44,11658,55],{"class":54},[44,11660,10313],{"class":62},[44,11662,67],{"class":66},[44,11664,2003],{"class":70},[44,11666,67],{"class":66},[44,11668,449],{"class":62},[44,11670,711],{"class":452},[44,11672,186],{"class":62},[44,11674,1438],{"class":66},[44,11676,11570],{"class":70},[44,11678,67],{"class":66},[44,11680,449],{"class":62},[44,11682,2812],{"class":452},[44,11684,9130],{"class":62},[44,11686,11687,11689,11691,11693,11695,11697],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,11688,11549],{"class":50},[44,11690,55],{"class":54},[44,11692,11591],{"class":50},[44,11694,504],{"class":62},[44,11696,11208],{"class":97},[44,11698,345],{"class":62},[44,11700,11701],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,11702,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,11704,11705,11707,11709,11711],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,11706,82],{"class":58},[44,11708,63],{"class":62},[44,11710,11275],{"class":97},[44,11712,76],{"class":62},[20,11714,1031],{},[35,11716,11717],{"className":37,"code":11633,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,11718,11719],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11720,11721],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11722,11633],{"class":3674},[20,11724,11725],{},"Why this happens:",[126,11727,11728,11734,11739],{},[129,11729,11730,11733],{},[15,11731,11732],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[129,11735,11736,11737],{},"The method returns ",[15,11738,3599],{},[129,11740,11741,11742,11745,11746,11748],{},"Then ",[15,11743,11744],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,11747,3599],{}," in the variable",[20,11750,11751,11752,11754],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,11753,11146],{}," by itself:",[35,11756,11758],{"className":37,"code":11757,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,11759,11760,11792,11802,11806],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11761,11762,11764,11766,11768,11770,11772,11774,11776,11778,11780,11782,11784,11786,11788,11790],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11763,11549],{"class":50},[44,11765,55],{"class":54},[44,11767,10313],{"class":62},[44,11769,67],{"class":66},[44,11771,2003],{"class":70},[44,11773,67],{"class":66},[44,11775,449],{"class":62},[44,11777,711],{"class":452},[44,11779,186],{"class":62},[44,11781,1438],{"class":66},[44,11783,11570],{"class":70},[44,11785,67],{"class":66},[44,11787,449],{"class":62},[44,11789,2812],{"class":452},[44,11791,9130],{"class":62},[44,11793,11794,11796,11798,11800],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,11795,11275],{"class":50},[44,11797,504],{"class":62},[44,11799,11208],{"class":97},[44,11801,345],{"class":62},[44,11803,11804],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,11805,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,11807,11808,11810,11812,11814,11816],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,11809,82],{"class":58},[44,11811,63],{"class":62},[44,11813,11275],{"class":97},[44,11815,3480],{"class":62},[44,11817,11223],{"class":3483},[30,11819,11821,11823],{"id":11820},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,11822,11146],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,11825,11826],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[35,11828,11829],{"className":37,"code":11268,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,11830,11831],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11832,11833,11835,11837,11839],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11834,11275],{"class":50},[44,11836,504],{"class":62},[44,11838,11208],{"class":97},[44,11840,345],{"class":62},[35,11842,11844],{"className":37,"code":11843,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,11845,11846],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11847,11848,11850,11852],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11849,11549],{"class":50},[44,11851,55],{"class":54},[44,11853,9660],{"class":62},[600,11855,11856],{"id":11208},[15,11857,11146],{},[126,11859,11860,11863,11866],{},[129,11861,11862],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[129,11864,11865],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[129,11867,11868],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[600,11870,11871],{"id":11275},[15,11872,11873],{},"my_dict = {}",[126,11875,11876,11879,11882],{},[129,11877,11878],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[129,11880,11881],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[129,11883,11884],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,11886,11887,11888,504],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[491,11889,11891],{"href":11890},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[30,11893,11895],{"id":11894},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,11897,11898,11899,11901],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,11900,11146],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[35,11903,11905],{"className":37,"code":11904,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11906,11907,11940,11950,11954,11965,11969,11989,12009],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11908,11909,11912,11914,11916,11918,11920,11922,11924,11926,11928,11930,11932,11934,11936,11938],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11910,11911],{"class":50},"original ",[44,11913,55],{"class":54},[44,11915,10313],{"class":62},[44,11917,67],{"class":66},[44,11919,491],{"class":70},[44,11921,67],{"class":66},[44,11923,449],{"class":62},[44,11925,711],{"class":452},[44,11927,186],{"class":62},[44,11929,1438],{"class":66},[44,11931,4587],{"class":70},[44,11933,67],{"class":66},[44,11935,449],{"class":62},[44,11937,2812],{"class":452},[44,11939,9130],{"class":62},[44,11941,11942,11945,11947],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,11943,11944],{"class":50},"other_ref ",[44,11946,55],{"class":54},[44,11948,11949],{"class":50}," original\n",[44,11951,11952],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,11953,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,11955,11956,11959,11961,11963],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,11957,11958],{"class":50},"original",[44,11960,504],{"class":62},[44,11962,11208],{"class":97},[44,11964,345],{"class":62},[44,11966,11967],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,11968,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,11970,11971,11973,11975,11977,11980,11982,11984,11987],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,11972,82],{"class":58},[44,11974,63],{"class":62},[44,11976,67],{"class":66},[44,11978,11979],{"class":70},"original:",[44,11981,67],{"class":66},[44,11983,186],{"class":62},[44,11985,11986],{"class":97}," original",[44,11988,76],{"class":62},[44,11990,11991,11993,11995,11997,12000,12002,12004,12007],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,11992,82],{"class":58},[44,11994,63],{"class":62},[44,11996,67],{"class":66},[44,11998,11999],{"class":70},"other_ref:",[44,12001,67],{"class":66},[44,12003,186],{"class":62},[44,12005,12006],{"class":97}," other_ref",[44,12008,76],{"class":62},[44,12010,12011,12013,12015,12017,12019,12021],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,12012,82],{"class":58},[44,12014,63],{"class":62},[44,12016,11911],{"class":97},[44,12018,206],{"class":1384},[44,12020,12006],{"class":97},[44,12022,76],{"class":62},[20,12024,1031],{},[35,12026,12028],{"className":37,"code":12027,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12029,12030,12038,12047],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12031,12032,12034,12036],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12033,11958],{"class":50},[44,12035,449],{"class":62},[44,12037,9660],{"class":62},[44,12039,12040,12043,12045],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,12041,12042],{"class":50},"other_ref",[44,12044,449],{"class":62},[44,12046,9660],{"class":62},[44,12048,12049],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,12050,3803],{"class":3674},[20,12052,12053],{},"This shows:",[126,12055,12056,12063,12068],{},[129,12057,12058,1126,12060,12062],{},[15,12059,11958],{},[15,12061,12042],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[129,12064,12065,12067],{},[15,12066,11146],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[129,12069,12070],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12072,12073],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[35,12075,12077],{"className":37,"code":12076,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12078,12079,12111,12119,12123,12131,12135,12153,12171],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12080,12081,12083,12085,12087,12089,12091,12093,12095,12097,12099,12101,12103,12105,12107,12109],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12082,11911],{"class":50},[44,12084,55],{"class":54},[44,12086,10313],{"class":62},[44,12088,67],{"class":66},[44,12090,491],{"class":70},[44,12092,67],{"class":66},[44,12094,449],{"class":62},[44,12096,711],{"class":452},[44,12098,186],{"class":62},[44,12100,1438],{"class":66},[44,12102,4587],{"class":70},[44,12104,67],{"class":66},[44,12106,449],{"class":62},[44,12108,2812],{"class":452},[44,12110,9130],{"class":62},[44,12112,12113,12115,12117],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,12114,11944],{"class":50},[44,12116,55],{"class":54},[44,12118,11949],{"class":50},[44,12120,12121],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,12122,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,12124,12125,12127,12129],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,12126,11911],{"class":50},[44,12128,55],{"class":54},[44,12130,9660],{"class":62},[44,12132,12133],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,12134,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,12136,12137,12139,12141,12143,12145,12147,12149,12151],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,12138,82],{"class":58},[44,12140,63],{"class":62},[44,12142,67],{"class":66},[44,12144,11979],{"class":70},[44,12146,67],{"class":66},[44,12148,186],{"class":62},[44,12150,11986],{"class":97},[44,12152,76],{"class":62},[44,12154,12155,12157,12159,12161,12163,12165,12167,12169],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,12156,82],{"class":58},[44,12158,63],{"class":62},[44,12160,67],{"class":66},[44,12162,11999],{"class":70},[44,12164,67],{"class":66},[44,12166,186],{"class":62},[44,12168,12006],{"class":97},[44,12170,76],{"class":62},[44,12172,12173,12175,12177,12179,12181,12183],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,12174,82],{"class":58},[44,12176,63],{"class":62},[44,12178,11911],{"class":97},[44,12180,206],{"class":1384},[44,12182,12006],{"class":97},[44,12184,76],{"class":62},[20,12186,1031],{},[35,12188,12190],{"className":37,"code":12189,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12191,12192,12200,12232],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12193,12194,12196,12198],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12195,11958],{"class":50},[44,12197,449],{"class":62},[44,12199,9660],{"class":62},[44,12201,12202,12204,12206,12208,12210,12212,12214,12216,12218,12220,12222,12224,12226,12228,12230],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,12203,12042],{"class":50},[44,12205,449],{"class":62},[44,12207,10313],{"class":62},[44,12209,476],{"class":66},[44,12211,491],{"class":70},[44,12213,476],{"class":66},[44,12215,449],{"class":62},[44,12217,711],{"class":452},[44,12219,186],{"class":62},[44,12221,470],{"class":66},[44,12223,4587],{"class":70},[44,12225,476],{"class":66},[44,12227,449],{"class":62},[44,12229,2812],{"class":452},[44,12231,9130],{"class":62},[44,12233,12234],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,12235,3864],{"class":3674},[20,12237,2008],{},[126,12239,12240,12246],{},[129,12241,12242,12245],{},[15,12243,12244],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[129,12247,12248,12250],{},[15,12249,12042],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12252,12253,12254,504],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[491,12255,12257],{"href":12256},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12258,12259],{},"dict.copy()",[30,12261,4788,12263],{"id":12262},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12264,11146],{},[20,12266,12267,12269],{},[15,12268,11146],{}," is useful when you want to:",[126,12271,12272,12275,12278],{},[129,12273,12274],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[129,12276,12277],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[129,12279,12280],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12282,145],{},[35,12284,12286],{"className":37,"code":12285,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12287,12288,12297,12313,12333,12346,12350,12354,12359,12370,12374],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12289,12290,12293,12295],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12291,12292],{"class":50},"session_data ",[44,12294,55],{"class":54},[44,12296,11318],{"class":62},[44,12298,12299,12301,12304,12306,12308,12311],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,12300,11323],{"class":66},[44,12302,12303],{"class":70},"user_id",[44,12305,67],{"class":66},[44,12307,449],{"class":62},[44,12309,12310],{"class":452}," 101",[44,12312,11339],{"class":62},[44,12314,12315,12317,12320,12322,12324,12326,12329,12331],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,12316,11323],{"class":66},[44,12318,12319],{"class":70},"theme",[44,12321,67],{"class":66},[44,12323,449],{"class":62},[44,12325,1438],{"class":66},[44,12327,12328],{"class":70},"dark",[44,12330,67],{"class":66},[44,12332,11339],{"class":62},[44,12334,12335,12337,12340,12342,12344],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,12336,11323],{"class":66},[44,12338,12339],{"class":70},"logged_in",[44,12341,67],{"class":66},[44,12343,449],{"class":62},[44,12345,6252],{"class":3674},[44,12347,12348],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,12349,9130],{"class":62},[44,12351,12352],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,12353,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,12355,12356],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,12357,12358],{"class":3483},"# Reset for a new session\n",[44,12360,12361,12364,12366,12368],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,12362,12363],{"class":50},"session_data",[44,12365,504],{"class":62},[44,12367,11208],{"class":97},[44,12369,345],{"class":62},[44,12371,12372],{"class":46,"line":6261},[44,12373,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,12375,12376,12378,12380,12382,12384],{"class":46,"line":6266},[44,12377,82],{"class":58},[44,12379,63],{"class":62},[44,12381,12363],{"class":97},[44,12383,3480],{"class":62},[44,12385,11223],{"class":3483},[20,12387,12388,12389,12395,12396,504,12400,12402,12403,504],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[491,12390,12392],{"href":12391},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12393,12394],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[491,12397,12399],{"href":12398},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9668,12401],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[491,12404,12406],{"href":12405},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12407,12408],{},"dict.popitem()",[30,12410,1486],{"id":1485},[20,12412,10571,12413,449],{},[15,12414,11146],{},[126,12416,12417,12423,12428,12431],{},[129,12418,12419,12420,12422],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12421,11146],{}," to a variable",[129,12424,8279,12425,12427],{},[15,12426,11146],{}," to return a new dictionary",[129,12429,12430],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[129,12432,12433],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12435,12436],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[35,12438,12440],{"className":37,"code":12439,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12441,12442,12452,12466,12481],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12443,12444,12446,12448,12450],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12445,82],{"class":58},[44,12447,63],{"class":62},[44,12449,11275],{"class":97},[44,12451,76],{"class":62},[44,12453,12454,12456,12458,12460,12462,12464],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,12455,82],{"class":58},[44,12457,63],{"class":62},[44,12459,427],{"class":426},[44,12461,63],{"class":62},[44,12463,11275],{"class":97},[44,12465,434],{"class":62},[44,12467,12468,12470,12472,12475,12477,12479],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,12469,82],{"class":58},[44,12471,63],{"class":62},[44,12473,12474],{"class":58},"id",[44,12476,63],{"class":62},[44,12478,11275],{"class":97},[44,12480,434],{"class":62},[44,12482,12483,12485,12487,12489,12491,12493],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,12484,82],{"class":58},[44,12486,63],{"class":62},[44,12488,11944],{"class":97},[44,12490,206],{"class":1384},[44,12492,11591],{"class":97},[44,12494,76],{"class":62},[20,12496,12497],{},"What these show:",[126,12499,12500,12506,12512,12518],{},[129,12501,12502,12505],{},[15,12503,12504],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[129,12507,12508,12511],{},[15,12509,12510],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[129,12513,12514,12517],{},[15,12515,12516],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[129,12519,12520,12523],{},[15,12521,12522],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[30,12525,1651],{"id":1650},[600,12527,1655,12529,12531],{"id":12528},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12530,11146],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12533,12534],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[600,12536,4970,12538,12540],{"id":12537},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12539,11152],{}," return?",[20,12542,4976,12543,504],{},[15,12544,3599],{},[600,12546,5007,12548,1126,12550,213],{"id":12547},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12549,11146],{},[15,12551,3613],{},[20,12553,12554,12556,12557,12559],{},[15,12555,11146],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12558,3613],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[600,12561,1655,12563,12565],{"id":12562},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12564,11146],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12567,12568],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[30,12570,1719],{"id":1718},[126,12572,12573,12577,12581,12588,12595,12602,12607],{},[129,12574,12575],{},[491,12576,8978],{"href":8977},[129,12578,12579],{},[491,12580,11067],{"href":9212},[129,12582,12583],{},[491,12584,10560,12585,10564],{"href":12391},[15,12586,12587],{},"pop()",[129,12589,12590],{},[491,12591,10560,12592,10564],{"href":12405},[15,12593,12594],{},"popitem()",[129,12596,12597],{},[491,12598,10560,12599,10564],{"href":12256},[15,12600,12601],{},"copy()",[129,12603,12604],{},[491,12605,12606],{"href":11890},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[129,12608,12609],{},[491,12610,12611],{"href":12398},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1758,12613,12614],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":12616},[12617,12618,12620,12621,12622,12626,12631,12632,12634,12635,12645],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":11231,"depth":79,"text":12619},"What clear() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":11299,"depth":79,"text":11300},{"id":11528,"depth":79,"text":12623,"children":12624},"What clear() returns",[12625],{"id":11640,"depth":419,"text":11641},{"id":11820,"depth":79,"text":12627,"children":12628},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12629,12630],{"id":11208,"depth":419,"text":11146},{"id":11275,"depth":419,"text":11873},{"id":11894,"depth":79,"text":11895},{"id":12262,"depth":79,"text":12633},"When to use clear()",{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":12636},[12637,12639,12641,12643],{"id":12528,"depth":419,"text":12638},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12537,"depth":419,"text":12640},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12547,"depth":419,"text":12642},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12562,"depth":419,"text":12644},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11137,"description":12646},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12653,"title":12654,"body":12655,"description":14824,"extension":1796,"meta":14825,"navigation":807,"path":14826,"seo":14827,"stem":14828,"__hash__":14829},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12656,"toc":14796},[12657,12662,12667,12677,12679,12768,12772,12813,12818,12825,12843,12852,12854,12875,12878,12890,12892,12971,12975,13016,13018,13021,13149,13153,13233,13236,13254,13257,13261,13267,13269,13280,13282,13477,13481,13587,13590,13608,13611,13618,13623,13627,13641,13643,13770,13774,13854,13867,13873,13876,13884,13888,14014,14018,14092,14097,14228,14232,14306,14309,14323,14327,14331,14345,14347,14483,14487,14556,14558,14563,14585,14588,14695,14698,14709,14716,14718,14724,14727,14734,14737,14744,14752,14756,14759,14761,14793],[10,12658,11143,12660,11147],{"id":12659},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12661,12601],{},[20,12663,12664,12666],{},[15,12665,12259],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12668,12669,12670,12672,12673,12676],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12671,12601],{}," makes a ",[3563,12674,12675],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[30,12678,33],{"id":32},[35,12680,12682],{"className":37,"code":12681,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12683,12684,12722,12739,12743,12754],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12685,12686,12689,12691,12693,12695,12697,12699,12701,12703,12706,12708,12710,12712,12714,12716,12718,12720],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12687,12688],{"class":50},"student ",[44,12690,55],{"class":54},[44,12692,10313],{"class":62},[44,12694,67],{"class":66},[44,12696,652],{"class":70},[44,12698,67],{"class":66},[44,12700,449],{"class":62},[44,12702,1438],{"class":66},[44,12704,12705],{"class":70},"Ana",[44,12707,67],{"class":66},[44,12709,186],{"class":62},[44,12711,1438],{"class":66},[44,12713,414],{"class":70},[44,12715,67],{"class":66},[44,12717,449],{"class":62},[44,12719,7620],{"class":452},[44,12721,9130],{"class":62},[44,12723,12724,12727,12729,12732,12734,12737],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,12725,12726],{"class":50},"student_copy ",[44,12728,55],{"class":54},[44,12730,12731],{"class":50}," student",[44,12733,504],{"class":62},[44,12735,12736],{"class":97},"copy",[44,12738,345],{"class":62},[44,12740,12741],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,12742,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,12744,12745,12747,12749,12752],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,12746,82],{"class":58},[44,12748,63],{"class":62},[44,12750,12751],{"class":97},"student_copy",[44,12753,76],{"class":62},[44,12755,12756,12758,12760,12762,12764,12766],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,12757,82],{"class":58},[44,12759,63],{"class":62},[44,12761,12726],{"class":97},[44,12763,206],{"class":1384},[44,12765,12731],{"class":97},[44,12767,76],{"class":62},[20,12769,12770],{},[3563,12771,1031],{},[35,12773,12775],{"className":37,"code":12774,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,12776,12777,12809],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12778,12779,12781,12783,12785,12787,12789,12791,12793,12795,12797,12799,12801,12803,12805,12807],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12780,9100],{"class":62},[44,12782,476],{"class":66},[44,12784,652],{"class":70},[44,12786,476],{"class":66},[44,12788,449],{"class":62},[44,12790,470],{"class":66},[44,12792,12705],{"class":70},[44,12794,476],{"class":66},[44,12796,186],{"class":62},[44,12798,470],{"class":66},[44,12800,414],{"class":70},[44,12802,476],{"class":66},[44,12804,449],{"class":62},[44,12806,7620],{"class":452},[44,12808,9130],{"class":62},[44,12810,12811],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,12812,3864],{"class":3674},[20,12814,103,12815,12817],{},[15,12816,12601],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[30,12819,12821,12822,12824],{"id":12820},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,12823,12601],{}," method does",[126,12826,12827,12832,12835,12840],{},[129,12828,12829,12831],{},[15,12830,12259],{}," returns a new dictionary",[129,12833,12834],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[129,12836,12837,12838],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,12839,12601],{},[129,12841,12842],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,12844,12845,12846,497,12849,504],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[491,12847,8978],{"href":12848},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[491,12850,9213],{"href":12851},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[30,12853,250],{"id":249},[35,12855,12857],{"className":37,"code":12856,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,12858,12859],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12860,12861,12864,12866,12869,12871,12873],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12862,12863],{"class":50},"new_dict ",[44,12865,55],{"class":54},[44,12867,12868],{"class":50}," old_dict",[44,12870,504],{"class":62},[44,12872,12736],{"class":97},[44,12874,345],{"class":62},[20,12876,12877],{},"Key points:",[126,12879,12880,12884,12887],{},[129,12881,12882,11290],{},[15,12883,12601],{},[129,12885,12886],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[129,12888,12889],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,12891,145],{},[35,12893,12895],{"className":37,"code":12894,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,12896,12897,12940,12956,12960],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12898,12899,12902,12904,12906,12908,12910,12912,12914,12916,12919,12921,12923,12925,12927,12929,12931,12933,12936,12938],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12900,12901],{"class":50},"colors ",[44,12903,55],{"class":54},[44,12905,10313],{"class":62},[44,12907,67],{"class":66},[44,12909,491],{"class":70},[44,12911,67],{"class":66},[44,12913,449],{"class":62},[44,12915,1438],{"class":66},[44,12917,12918],{"class":70},"red",[44,12920,67],{"class":66},[44,12922,186],{"class":62},[44,12924,1438],{"class":66},[44,12926,4587],{"class":70},[44,12928,67],{"class":66},[44,12930,449],{"class":62},[44,12932,1438],{"class":66},[44,12934,12935],{"class":70},"blue",[44,12937,67],{"class":66},[44,12939,9130],{"class":62},[44,12941,12942,12945,12947,12950,12952,12954],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,12943,12944],{"class":50},"new_colors ",[44,12946,55],{"class":54},[44,12948,12949],{"class":50}," colors",[44,12951,504],{"class":62},[44,12953,12736],{"class":97},[44,12955,345],{"class":62},[44,12957,12958],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,12959,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,12961,12962,12964,12966,12969],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,12963,82],{"class":58},[44,12965,63],{"class":62},[44,12967,12968],{"class":97},"new_colors",[44,12970,76],{"class":62},[20,12972,12973],{},[3563,12974,1031],{},[35,12976,12978],{"className":37,"code":12977,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,12979,12980],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12981,12982,12984,12986,12988,12990,12992,12994,12996,12998,13000,13002,13004,13006,13008,13010,13012,13014],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12983,9100],{"class":62},[44,12985,476],{"class":66},[44,12987,491],{"class":70},[44,12989,476],{"class":66},[44,12991,449],{"class":62},[44,12993,470],{"class":66},[44,12995,12918],{"class":70},[44,12997,476],{"class":66},[44,12999,186],{"class":62},[44,13001,470],{"class":66},[44,13003,4587],{"class":70},[44,13005,476],{"class":66},[44,13007,449],{"class":62},[44,13009,470],{"class":66},[44,13011,12935],{"class":70},[44,13013,476],{"class":66},[44,13015,9130],{"class":62},[30,13017,11300],{"id":11299},[20,13019,13020],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[35,13022,13024],{"className":37,"code":13023,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13025,13026,13064,13080,13084,13106,13110,13129],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13027,13028,13031,13033,13035,13037,13039,13041,13043,13045,13048,13050,13052,13054,13056,13058,13060,13062],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13029,13030],{"class":50},"person ",[44,13032,55],{"class":54},[44,13034,10313],{"class":62},[44,13036,67],{"class":66},[44,13038,652],{"class":70},[44,13040,67],{"class":66},[44,13042,449],{"class":62},[44,13044,1438],{"class":66},[44,13046,13047],{"class":70},"Liam",[44,13049,67],{"class":66},[44,13051,186],{"class":62},[44,13053,1438],{"class":66},[44,13055,414],{"class":70},[44,13057,67],{"class":66},[44,13059,449],{"class":62},[44,13061,9127],{"class":452},[44,13063,9130],{"class":62},[44,13065,13066,13069,13071,13074,13076,13078],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,13067,13068],{"class":50},"person_copy ",[44,13070,55],{"class":54},[44,13072,13073],{"class":50}," person",[44,13075,504],{"class":62},[44,13077,12736],{"class":97},[44,13079,345],{"class":62},[44,13081,13082],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,13083,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,13085,13086,13089,13091,13093,13095,13097,13100,13103],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,13087,13088],{"class":50},"person_copy",[44,13090,3723],{"class":62},[44,13092,67],{"class":66},[44,13094,414],{"class":70},[44,13096,67],{"class":66},[44,13098,13099],{"class":62},"]",[44,13101,13102],{"class":54}," =",[44,13104,13105],{"class":452}," 26\n",[44,13107,13108],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,13109,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,13111,13112,13114,13116,13118,13121,13123,13125,13127],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,13113,82],{"class":58},[44,13115,63],{"class":62},[44,13117,67],{"class":66},[44,13119,13120],{"class":70},"Original:",[44,13122,67],{"class":66},[44,13124,186],{"class":62},[44,13126,13073],{"class":97},[44,13128,76],{"class":62},[44,13130,13131,13133,13135,13137,13140,13142,13144,13147],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,13132,82],{"class":58},[44,13134,63],{"class":62},[44,13136,67],{"class":66},[44,13138,13139],{"class":70},"Copy:",[44,13141,67],{"class":66},[44,13143,186],{"class":62},[44,13145,13146],{"class":97}," person_copy",[44,13148,76],{"class":62},[20,13150,13151],{},[3563,13152,1031],{},[35,13154,13156],{"className":37,"code":13155,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13157,13158,13195],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13159,13160,13163,13165,13167,13169,13171,13173,13175,13177,13179,13181,13183,13185,13187,13189,13191,13193],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13161,13162],{"class":50},"Original",[44,13164,449],{"class":62},[44,13166,10313],{"class":62},[44,13168,476],{"class":66},[44,13170,652],{"class":70},[44,13172,476],{"class":66},[44,13174,449],{"class":62},[44,13176,470],{"class":66},[44,13178,13047],{"class":70},[44,13180,476],{"class":66},[44,13182,186],{"class":62},[44,13184,470],{"class":66},[44,13186,414],{"class":70},[44,13188,476],{"class":66},[44,13190,449],{"class":62},[44,13192,9127],{"class":452},[44,13194,9130],{"class":62},[44,13196,13197,13200,13202,13204,13206,13208,13210,13212,13214,13216,13218,13220,13222,13224,13226,13228,13231],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,13198,13199],{"class":50},"Copy",[44,13201,449],{"class":62},[44,13203,10313],{"class":62},[44,13205,476],{"class":66},[44,13207,652],{"class":70},[44,13209,476],{"class":66},[44,13211,449],{"class":62},[44,13213,470],{"class":66},[44,13215,13047],{"class":70},[44,13217,476],{"class":66},[44,13219,186],{"class":62},[44,13221,470],{"class":66},[44,13223,414],{"class":70},[44,13225,476],{"class":66},[44,13227,449],{"class":62},[44,13229,13230],{"class":452}," 26",[44,13232,9130],{"class":62},[20,13234,13235],{},"What happened here:",[126,13237,13238,13244,13251],{},[129,13239,13240,13243],{},[15,13241,13242],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[129,13245,13246,13247,13250],{},"Changing ",[15,13248,13249],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[129,13252,13253],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13255,13256],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[30,13258,13260],{"id":13259},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13262,13263,12672,13265,504],{},[15,13264,12601],{},[3563,13266,12675],{},[20,13268,1938],{},[126,13270,13271,13274,13277],{},[129,13272,13273],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[129,13275,13276],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[129,13278,13279],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13281,145],{},[35,13283,13285],{"className":37,"code":13284,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13286,13287,13295,13313,13336,13340,13344,13358,13362,13387,13391,13409,13428,13443],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13288,13289,13291,13293],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13290,12688],{"class":50},[44,13292,55],{"class":54},[44,13294,11318],{"class":62},[44,13296,13297,13299,13301,13303,13305,13307,13309,13311],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,13298,11323],{"class":66},[44,13300,652],{"class":70},[44,13302,67],{"class":66},[44,13304,449],{"class":62},[44,13306,1438],{"class":66},[44,13308,12705],{"class":70},[44,13310,67],{"class":66},[44,13312,11339],{"class":62},[44,13314,13315,13317,13320,13322,13324,13326,13329,13331,13334],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,13316,11323],{"class":66},[44,13318,13319],{"class":70},"grades",[44,13321,67],{"class":66},[44,13323,449],{"class":62},[44,13325,3440],{"class":62},[44,13327,13328],{"class":452},"90",[44,13330,186],{"class":62},[44,13332,13333],{"class":452}," 85",[44,13335,3453],{"class":62},[44,13337,13338],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,13339,9130],{"class":62},[44,13341,13342],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,13343,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,13345,13346,13348,13350,13352,13354,13356],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,13347,12726],{"class":50},[44,13349,55],{"class":54},[44,13351,12731],{"class":50},[44,13353,504],{"class":62},[44,13355,12736],{"class":97},[44,13357,345],{"class":62},[44,13359,13360],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,13361,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,13363,13364,13366,13368,13370,13372,13374,13377,13380,13382,13385],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,13365,12751],{"class":50},[44,13367,3723],{"class":62},[44,13369,67],{"class":66},[44,13371,13319],{"class":70},[44,13373,67],{"class":66},[44,13375,13376],{"class":62},"].",[44,13378,13379],{"class":97},"append",[44,13381,63],{"class":62},[44,13383,13384],{"class":452},"100",[44,13386,76],{"class":62},[44,13388,13389],{"class":46,"line":6261},[44,13390,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,13392,13393,13395,13397,13399,13401,13403,13405,13407],{"class":46,"line":6266},[44,13394,82],{"class":58},[44,13396,63],{"class":62},[44,13398,67],{"class":66},[44,13400,13120],{"class":70},[44,13402,67],{"class":66},[44,13404,186],{"class":62},[44,13406,12731],{"class":97},[44,13408,76],{"class":62},[44,13410,13411,13413,13415,13417,13419,13421,13423,13426],{"class":46,"line":11420},[44,13412,82],{"class":58},[44,13414,63],{"class":62},[44,13416,67],{"class":66},[44,13418,13139],{"class":70},[44,13420,67],{"class":66},[44,13422,186],{"class":62},[44,13424,13425],{"class":97}," student_copy",[44,13427,76],{"class":62},[44,13429,13431,13433,13435,13437,13439,13441],{"class":46,"line":13430},12,[44,13432,82],{"class":58},[44,13434,63],{"class":62},[44,13436,12688],{"class":97},[44,13438,206],{"class":1384},[44,13440,13425],{"class":97},[44,13442,76],{"class":62},[44,13444,13446,13448,13450,13453,13455,13457,13459,13461,13463,13465,13467,13469,13471,13473,13475],{"class":46,"line":13445},13,[44,13447,82],{"class":58},[44,13449,63],{"class":62},[44,13451,13452],{"class":97},"student",[44,13454,3723],{"class":62},[44,13456,67],{"class":66},[44,13458,13319],{"class":70},[44,13460,67],{"class":66},[44,13462,13099],{"class":62},[44,13464,7924],{"class":1384},[44,13466,13425],{"class":97},[44,13468,3723],{"class":62},[44,13470,67],{"class":66},[44,13472,13319],{"class":70},[44,13474,67],{"class":66},[44,13476,3711],{"class":62},[20,13478,13479],{},[3563,13480,1031],{},[35,13482,13484],{"className":37,"code":13483,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13485,13486,13533,13579,13583],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13487,13488,13490,13492,13494,13496,13498,13500,13502,13504,13506,13508,13510,13512,13514,13516,13518,13520,13522,13524,13526,13528,13530],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13489,13162],{"class":50},[44,13491,449],{"class":62},[44,13493,10313],{"class":62},[44,13495,476],{"class":66},[44,13497,652],{"class":70},[44,13499,476],{"class":66},[44,13501,449],{"class":62},[44,13503,470],{"class":66},[44,13505,12705],{"class":70},[44,13507,476],{"class":66},[44,13509,186],{"class":62},[44,13511,470],{"class":66},[44,13513,13319],{"class":70},[44,13515,476],{"class":66},[44,13517,449],{"class":62},[44,13519,3440],{"class":62},[44,13521,13328],{"class":452},[44,13523,186],{"class":62},[44,13525,13333],{"class":452},[44,13527,186],{"class":62},[44,13529,9940],{"class":452},[44,13531,13532],{"class":62},"]}\n",[44,13534,13535,13537,13539,13541,13543,13545,13547,13549,13551,13553,13555,13557,13559,13561,13563,13565,13567,13569,13571,13573,13575,13577],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,13536,13199],{"class":50},[44,13538,449],{"class":62},[44,13540,10313],{"class":62},[44,13542,476],{"class":66},[44,13544,652],{"class":70},[44,13546,476],{"class":66},[44,13548,449],{"class":62},[44,13550,470],{"class":66},[44,13552,12705],{"class":70},[44,13554,476],{"class":66},[44,13556,186],{"class":62},[44,13558,470],{"class":66},[44,13560,13319],{"class":70},[44,13562,476],{"class":66},[44,13564,449],{"class":62},[44,13566,3440],{"class":62},[44,13568,13328],{"class":452},[44,13570,186],{"class":62},[44,13572,13333],{"class":452},[44,13574,186],{"class":62},[44,13576,9940],{"class":452},[44,13578,13532],{"class":62},[44,13580,13581],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,13582,3864],{"class":3674},[44,13584,13585],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,13586,3803],{"class":3674},[20,13588,13589],{},"Notice the difference:",[126,13591,13592,13600],{},[129,13593,13594,4610,13597,13599],{},[15,13595,13596],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13598,3494],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[129,13601,13602,4610,13605,13607],{},[15,13603,13604],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13606,3420],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13609,13610],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13612,13613,13614,504],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[491,13615,13617],{"href":13616},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[30,13619,4788,13621],{"id":13620},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13622,12601],{},[20,13624,103,13625,10424],{},[15,13626,12601],{},[126,13628,13629,13632,13635,13638],{},[129,13630,13631],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[129,13633,13634],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[129,13636,13637],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[129,13639,13640],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13642,145],{},[35,13644,13646],{"className":37,"code":13645,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13647,13648,13687,13703,13707,13727,13731,13750],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13649,13650,13653,13655,13657,13659,13661,13663,13665,13667,13669,13671,13673,13675,13678,13680,13682,13685],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13651,13652],{"class":50},"settings ",[44,13654,55],{"class":54},[44,13656,10313],{"class":62},[44,13658,67],{"class":66},[44,13660,12319],{"class":70},[44,13662,67],{"class":66},[44,13664,449],{"class":62},[44,13666,1438],{"class":66},[44,13668,12328],{"class":70},[44,13670,67],{"class":66},[44,13672,186],{"class":62},[44,13674,1438],{"class":66},[44,13676,13677],{"class":70},"font_size",[44,13679,67],{"class":66},[44,13681,449],{"class":62},[44,13683,13684],{"class":452}," 14",[44,13686,9130],{"class":62},[44,13688,13689,13692,13694,13697,13699,13701],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,13690,13691],{"class":50},"settings_backup ",[44,13693,55],{"class":54},[44,13695,13696],{"class":50}," settings",[44,13698,504],{"class":62},[44,13700,12736],{"class":97},[44,13702,345],{"class":62},[44,13704,13705],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,13706,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,13708,13709,13712,13714,13716,13718,13720,13722,13724],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,13710,13711],{"class":50},"settings",[44,13713,3723],{"class":62},[44,13715,67],{"class":66},[44,13717,13677],{"class":70},[44,13719,67],{"class":66},[44,13721,13099],{"class":62},[44,13723,13102],{"class":54},[44,13725,13726],{"class":452}," 16\n",[44,13728,13729],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,13730,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,13732,13733,13735,13737,13739,13742,13744,13746,13748],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,13734,82],{"class":58},[44,13736,63],{"class":62},[44,13738,67],{"class":66},[44,13740,13741],{"class":70},"Current:",[44,13743,67],{"class":66},[44,13745,186],{"class":62},[44,13747,13696],{"class":97},[44,13749,76],{"class":62},[44,13751,13752,13754,13756,13758,13761,13763,13765,13768],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,13753,82],{"class":58},[44,13755,63],{"class":62},[44,13757,67],{"class":66},[44,13759,13760],{"class":70},"Backup:",[44,13762,67],{"class":66},[44,13764,186],{"class":62},[44,13766,13767],{"class":97}," settings_backup",[44,13769,76],{"class":62},[20,13771,13772],{},[3563,13773,1031],{},[35,13775,13777],{"className":37,"code":13776,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,13778,13779,13817],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13780,13781,13784,13786,13788,13790,13792,13794,13796,13798,13800,13802,13804,13806,13808,13810,13812,13815],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13782,13783],{"class":50},"Current",[44,13785,449],{"class":62},[44,13787,10313],{"class":62},[44,13789,476],{"class":66},[44,13791,12319],{"class":70},[44,13793,476],{"class":66},[44,13795,449],{"class":62},[44,13797,470],{"class":66},[44,13799,12328],{"class":70},[44,13801,476],{"class":66},[44,13803,186],{"class":62},[44,13805,470],{"class":66},[44,13807,13677],{"class":70},[44,13809,476],{"class":66},[44,13811,449],{"class":62},[44,13813,13814],{"class":452}," 16",[44,13816,9130],{"class":62},[44,13818,13819,13822,13824,13826,13828,13830,13832,13834,13836,13838,13840,13842,13844,13846,13848,13850,13852],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,13820,13821],{"class":50},"Backup",[44,13823,449],{"class":62},[44,13825,10313],{"class":62},[44,13827,476],{"class":66},[44,13829,12319],{"class":70},[44,13831,476],{"class":66},[44,13833,449],{"class":62},[44,13835,470],{"class":66},[44,13837,12328],{"class":70},[44,13839,476],{"class":66},[44,13841,186],{"class":62},[44,13843,470],{"class":66},[44,13845,13677],{"class":70},[44,13847,476],{"class":66},[44,13849,449],{"class":62},[44,13851,13684],{"class":452},[44,13853,9130],{"class":62},[20,13855,13856,13857,497,13863,504],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[491,13858,13860],{"href":13859},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,13861,13862],{},"dict.update()",[491,13864,13865],{"href":12648},[15,13866,11152],{},[30,13868,13870,13872],{"id":13869},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,13871,12601],{}," vs assignment",[20,13874,13875],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,13877,8243,13878,13880,13881,13883],{},[15,13879,55],{}," does ",[3563,13882,4457],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[600,13885,13887],{"id":13886},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[35,13889,13891],{"className":37,"code":13890,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,13892,13893,13925,13934,13938,13958,13962,13980,14000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13894,13895,13897,13899,13901,13903,13905,13907,13909,13911,13913,13915,13917,13919,13921,13923],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13896,11911],{"class":50},[44,13898,55],{"class":54},[44,13900,10313],{"class":62},[44,13902,67],{"class":66},[44,13904,2003],{"class":70},[44,13906,67],{"class":66},[44,13908,449],{"class":62},[44,13910,711],{"class":452},[44,13912,186],{"class":62},[44,13914,1438],{"class":66},[44,13916,11570],{"class":70},[44,13918,67],{"class":66},[44,13920,449],{"class":62},[44,13922,2812],{"class":452},[44,13924,9130],{"class":62},[44,13926,13927,13930,13932],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,13928,13929],{"class":50},"assigned ",[44,13931,55],{"class":54},[44,13933,11949],{"class":50},[44,13935,13936],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,13937,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,13939,13940,13943,13945,13947,13949,13951,13953,13955],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,13941,13942],{"class":50},"assigned",[44,13944,3723],{"class":62},[44,13946,67],{"class":66},[44,13948,2003],{"class":70},[44,13950,67],{"class":66},[44,13952,13099],{"class":62},[44,13954,13102],{"class":54},[44,13956,13957],{"class":452}," 99\n",[44,13959,13960],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,13961,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,13963,13964,13966,13968,13970,13972,13974,13976,13978],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,13965,82],{"class":58},[44,13967,63],{"class":62},[44,13969,67],{"class":66},[44,13971,13120],{"class":70},[44,13973,67],{"class":66},[44,13975,186],{"class":62},[44,13977,11986],{"class":97},[44,13979,76],{"class":62},[44,13981,13982,13984,13986,13988,13991,13993,13995,13998],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,13983,82],{"class":58},[44,13985,63],{"class":62},[44,13987,67],{"class":66},[44,13989,13990],{"class":70},"Assigned:",[44,13992,67],{"class":66},[44,13994,186],{"class":62},[44,13996,13997],{"class":97}," assigned",[44,13999,76],{"class":62},[44,14001,14002,14004,14006,14008,14010,14012],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,14003,82],{"class":58},[44,14005,63],{"class":62},[44,14007,11911],{"class":97},[44,14009,206],{"class":1384},[44,14011,13997],{"class":97},[44,14013,76],{"class":62},[20,14015,14016],{},[3563,14017,1031],{},[35,14019,14021],{"className":37,"code":14020,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14022,14023,14055,14088],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14024,14025,14027,14029,14031,14033,14035,14037,14039,14041,14043,14045,14047,14049,14051,14053],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14026,13162],{"class":50},[44,14028,449],{"class":62},[44,14030,10313],{"class":62},[44,14032,476],{"class":66},[44,14034,2003],{"class":70},[44,14036,476],{"class":66},[44,14038,449],{"class":62},[44,14040,10019],{"class":452},[44,14042,186],{"class":62},[44,14044,470],{"class":66},[44,14046,11570],{"class":70},[44,14048,476],{"class":66},[44,14050,449],{"class":62},[44,14052,2812],{"class":452},[44,14054,9130],{"class":62},[44,14056,14057,14060,14062,14064,14066,14068,14070,14072,14074,14076,14078,14080,14082,14084,14086],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,14058,14059],{"class":50},"Assigned",[44,14061,449],{"class":62},[44,14063,10313],{"class":62},[44,14065,476],{"class":66},[44,14067,2003],{"class":70},[44,14069,476],{"class":66},[44,14071,449],{"class":62},[44,14073,10019],{"class":452},[44,14075,186],{"class":62},[44,14077,470],{"class":66},[44,14079,11570],{"class":70},[44,14081,476],{"class":66},[44,14083,449],{"class":62},[44,14085,2812],{"class":452},[44,14087,9130],{"class":62},[44,14089,14090],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,14091,3803],{"class":3674},[600,14093,8243,14095],{"id":14094},"using-copy",[15,14096,12601],{},[35,14098,14100],{"className":37,"code":14099,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14101,14102,14134,14149,14153,14172,14176,14194,14214],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14103,14104,14106,14108,14110,14112,14114,14116,14118,14120,14122,14124,14126,14128,14130,14132],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14105,11911],{"class":50},[44,14107,55],{"class":54},[44,14109,10313],{"class":62},[44,14111,67],{"class":66},[44,14113,2003],{"class":70},[44,14115,67],{"class":66},[44,14117,449],{"class":62},[44,14119,711],{"class":452},[44,14121,186],{"class":62},[44,14123,1438],{"class":66},[44,14125,11570],{"class":70},[44,14127,67],{"class":66},[44,14129,449],{"class":62},[44,14131,2812],{"class":452},[44,14133,9130],{"class":62},[44,14135,14136,14139,14141,14143,14145,14147],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,14137,14138],{"class":50},"copied ",[44,14140,55],{"class":54},[44,14142,11986],{"class":50},[44,14144,504],{"class":62},[44,14146,12736],{"class":97},[44,14148,345],{"class":62},[44,14150,14151],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,14152,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,14154,14155,14158,14160,14162,14164,14166,14168,14170],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,14156,14157],{"class":50},"copied",[44,14159,3723],{"class":62},[44,14161,67],{"class":66},[44,14163,2003],{"class":70},[44,14165,67],{"class":66},[44,14167,13099],{"class":62},[44,14169,13102],{"class":54},[44,14171,13957],{"class":452},[44,14173,14174],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,14175,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,14177,14178,14180,14182,14184,14186,14188,14190,14192],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,14179,82],{"class":58},[44,14181,63],{"class":62},[44,14183,67],{"class":66},[44,14185,13120],{"class":70},[44,14187,67],{"class":66},[44,14189,186],{"class":62},[44,14191,11986],{"class":97},[44,14193,76],{"class":62},[44,14195,14196,14198,14200,14202,14205,14207,14209,14212],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,14197,82],{"class":58},[44,14199,63],{"class":62},[44,14201,67],{"class":66},[44,14203,14204],{"class":70},"Copied:",[44,14206,67],{"class":66},[44,14208,186],{"class":62},[44,14210,14211],{"class":97}," copied",[44,14213,76],{"class":62},[44,14215,14216,14218,14220,14222,14224,14226],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,14217,82],{"class":58},[44,14219,63],{"class":62},[44,14221,11911],{"class":97},[44,14223,206],{"class":1384},[44,14225,14211],{"class":97},[44,14227,76],{"class":62},[20,14229,14230],{},[3563,14231,1031],{},[35,14233,14235],{"className":37,"code":14234,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14236,14237,14269,14302],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14238,14239,14241,14243,14245,14247,14249,14251,14253,14255,14257,14259,14261,14263,14265,14267],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14240,13162],{"class":50},[44,14242,449],{"class":62},[44,14244,10313],{"class":62},[44,14246,476],{"class":66},[44,14248,2003],{"class":70},[44,14250,476],{"class":66},[44,14252,449],{"class":62},[44,14254,711],{"class":452},[44,14256,186],{"class":62},[44,14258,470],{"class":66},[44,14260,11570],{"class":70},[44,14262,476],{"class":66},[44,14264,449],{"class":62},[44,14266,2812],{"class":452},[44,14268,9130],{"class":62},[44,14270,14271,14274,14276,14278,14280,14282,14284,14286,14288,14290,14292,14294,14296,14298,14300],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,14272,14273],{"class":50},"Copied",[44,14275,449],{"class":62},[44,14277,10313],{"class":62},[44,14279,476],{"class":66},[44,14281,2003],{"class":70},[44,14283,476],{"class":66},[44,14285,449],{"class":62},[44,14287,10019],{"class":452},[44,14289,186],{"class":62},[44,14291,470],{"class":66},[44,14293,11570],{"class":70},[44,14295,476],{"class":66},[44,14297,449],{"class":62},[44,14299,2812],{"class":452},[44,14301,9130],{"class":62},[44,14303,14304],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,14305,3864],{"class":3674},[20,14307,14308],{},"Summary:",[126,14310,14311,14317],{},[129,14312,14313,14316],{},[15,14314,14315],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[129,14318,14319,14322],{},[15,14320,14321],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[30,14324,14326],{"id":14325},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14328,14329,449],{},[15,14330,12601],{},[126,14332,14333,14336,14339,14342],{},[129,14334,14335],{},"Returns a dictionary",[129,14337,14338],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[129,14340,14341],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[129,14343,14344],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14346,145],{},[35,14348,14350],{"className":37,"code":14349,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14351,14352,14384,14400,14404,14422,14442,14446,14464],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14353,14354,14356,14358,14360,14362,14364,14366,14368,14370,14372,14374,14376,14378,14380,14382],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14355,8988],{"class":50},[44,14357,55],{"class":54},[44,14359,10313],{"class":62},[44,14361,67],{"class":66},[44,14363,491],{"class":70},[44,14365,67],{"class":66},[44,14367,449],{"class":62},[44,14369,711],{"class":452},[44,14371,186],{"class":62},[44,14373,1438],{"class":66},[44,14375,4587],{"class":70},[44,14377,67],{"class":66},[44,14379,449],{"class":62},[44,14381,2812],{"class":452},[44,14383,9130],{"class":62},[44,14385,14386,14389,14391,14394,14396,14398],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,14387,14388],{"class":50},"data_copy ",[44,14390,55],{"class":54},[44,14392,14393],{"class":50}," data",[44,14395,504],{"class":62},[44,14397,12736],{"class":97},[44,14399,345],{"class":62},[44,14401,14402],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,14403,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,14405,14406,14408,14410,14412,14414,14416,14418,14420],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,14407,9026],{"class":50},[44,14409,3723],{"class":62},[44,14411,67],{"class":66},[44,14413,491],{"class":70},[44,14415,67],{"class":66},[44,14417,13099],{"class":62},[44,14419,13102],{"class":54},[44,14421,2412],{"class":452},[44,14423,14424,14427,14429,14431,14433,14435,14437,14439],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,14425,14426],{"class":50},"data_copy",[44,14428,3723],{"class":62},[44,14430,67],{"class":66},[44,14432,4587],{"class":70},[44,14434,67],{"class":66},[44,14436,13099],{"class":62},[44,14438,13102],{"class":54},[44,14440,14441],{"class":452}," 20\n",[44,14443,14444],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,14445,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,14447,14448,14450,14452,14454,14456,14458,14460,14462],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,14449,82],{"class":58},[44,14451,63],{"class":62},[44,14453,67],{"class":66},[44,14455,13120],{"class":70},[44,14457,67],{"class":66},[44,14459,186],{"class":62},[44,14461,14393],{"class":97},[44,14463,76],{"class":62},[44,14465,14466,14468,14470,14472,14474,14476,14478,14481],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,14467,82],{"class":58},[44,14469,63],{"class":62},[44,14471,67],{"class":66},[44,14473,13139],{"class":70},[44,14475,67],{"class":66},[44,14477,186],{"class":62},[44,14479,14480],{"class":97}," data_copy",[44,14482,76],{"class":62},[20,14484,14485],{},[3563,14486,1031],{},[35,14488,14490],{"className":37,"code":14489,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14491,14492,14524],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14493,14494,14496,14498,14500,14502,14504,14506,14508,14510,14512,14514,14516,14518,14520,14522],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14495,13162],{"class":50},[44,14497,449],{"class":62},[44,14499,10313],{"class":62},[44,14501,476],{"class":66},[44,14503,491],{"class":70},[44,14505,476],{"class":66},[44,14507,449],{"class":62},[44,14509,5834],{"class":452},[44,14511,186],{"class":62},[44,14513,470],{"class":66},[44,14515,4587],{"class":70},[44,14517,476],{"class":66},[44,14519,449],{"class":62},[44,14521,2812],{"class":452},[44,14523,9130],{"class":62},[44,14525,14526,14528,14530,14532,14534,14536,14538,14540,14542,14544,14546,14548,14550,14552,14554],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,14527,13199],{"class":50},[44,14529,449],{"class":62},[44,14531,10313],{"class":62},[44,14533,476],{"class":66},[44,14535,491],{"class":70},[44,14537,476],{"class":66},[44,14539,449],{"class":62},[44,14541,711],{"class":452},[44,14543,186],{"class":62},[44,14545,470],{"class":66},[44,14547,4587],{"class":70},[44,14549,476],{"class":66},[44,14551,449],{"class":62},[44,14553,7620],{"class":452},[44,14555,9130],{"class":62},[30,14557,1486],{"id":1485},[20,14559,14560,14561,449],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14562,12259],{},[126,14564,14565,14572,14577,14582],{},[129,14566,8243,14567,10916,14569,14571],{},[15,14568,55],{},[15,14570,12601],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[129,14573,4405,14574,14576],{},[15,14575,12601],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[129,14578,14579,14580],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14581,12601],{},[129,14583,14584],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14586,14587],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[35,14589,14591],{"className":37,"code":14590,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14592,14593,14603,14613,14627,14650,14673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14594,14595,14597,14599,14601],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14596,82],{"class":58},[44,14598,63],{"class":62},[44,14600,11958],{"class":97},[44,14602,76],{"class":62},[44,14604,14605,14607,14609,14611],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,14606,82],{"class":58},[44,14608,63],{"class":62},[44,14610,14157],{"class":97},[44,14612,76],{"class":62},[44,14614,14615,14617,14619,14621,14623,14625],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,14616,82],{"class":58},[44,14618,63],{"class":62},[44,14620,11911],{"class":97},[44,14622,206],{"class":1384},[44,14624,14211],{"class":97},[44,14626,76],{"class":62},[44,14628,14629,14631,14633,14635,14637,14639,14641,14644,14646,14648],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,14630,82],{"class":58},[44,14632,63],{"class":62},[44,14634,12474],{"class":58},[44,14636,63],{"class":62},[44,14638,11958],{"class":97},[44,14640,9055],{"class":62},[44,14642,14643],{"class":58}," id",[44,14645,63],{"class":62},[44,14647,14157],{"class":97},[44,14649,434],{"class":62},[44,14651,14652,14654,14656,14658,14660,14662,14664,14666,14669,14671],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,14653,82],{"class":58},[44,14655,63],{"class":62},[44,14657,12474],{"class":58},[44,14659,63],{"class":62},[44,14661,11958],{"class":97},[44,14663,3723],{"class":62},[44,14665,67],{"class":66},[44,14667,14668],{"class":70},"key",[44,14670,67],{"class":66},[44,14672,2819],{"class":62},[44,14674,14675,14677,14679,14681,14683,14685,14687,14689,14691,14693],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,14676,82],{"class":58},[44,14678,63],{"class":62},[44,14680,12474],{"class":58},[44,14682,63],{"class":62},[44,14684,14157],{"class":97},[44,14686,3723],{"class":62},[44,14688,67],{"class":66},[44,14690,14668],{"class":70},[44,14692,67],{"class":66},[44,14694,2819],{"class":62},[20,14696,14697],{},"What these help you check:",[126,14699,14700,14703,14706],{},[129,14701,14702],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[129,14704,14705],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[129,14707,14708],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14710,14711,14712,504],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[491,14713,14715],{"href":14714},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[30,14717,1651],{"id":1650},[600,14719,1655,14721,14723],{"id":14720},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14722,12259],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14725,14726],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[600,14728,14730,14731,14733],{"id":14729},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,14732,12259],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14735,14736],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[600,14738,5007,14740,1126,14742,213],{"id":14739},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14741,12601],{},[15,14743,55],{},[20,14745,14746,14748,14749,14751],{},[15,14747,12601],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,14750,55],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[600,14753,14755],{"id":14754},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,14757,14758],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[30,14760,1719],{"id":1718},[126,14762,14763,14767,14771,14775,14782,14788],{},[129,14764,14765],{},[491,14766,11067],{"href":12851},[129,14768,14769],{},[491,14770,8978],{"href":12848},[129,14772,14773],{},[491,14774,13617],{"href":13616},[129,14776,14777],{},[491,14778,10560,14779,10564],{"href":13859},[15,14780,14781],{},"update()",[129,14783,14784],{},[491,14785,10560,14786,10564],{"href":12648},[15,14787,11146],{},[129,14789,14790],{},[491,14791,14792],{"href":14714},"How to copy a list in Python",[1758,14794,14795],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":14797},[14798,14799,14801,14802,14803,14804,14806,14812,14813,14814,14823],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":12820,"depth":79,"text":14800},"What the copy() method does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":11299,"depth":79,"text":11300},{"id":13259,"depth":79,"text":13260},{"id":13620,"depth":79,"text":14805},"When to use copy()",{"id":13869,"depth":79,"text":14807,"children":14808},"copy() vs assignment",[14809,14810],{"id":13886,"depth":419,"text":13887},{"id":14094,"depth":419,"text":14811},"Using copy()",{"id":14325,"depth":79,"text":14326},{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":14815},[14816,14818,14820,14822],{"id":14720,"depth":419,"text":14817},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14729,"depth":419,"text":14819},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14739,"depth":419,"text":14821},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14754,"depth":419,"text":14755},{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12654,"description":14824},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14831,"title":14832,"body":14833,"description":17032,"extension":1796,"meta":17033,"navigation":807,"path":12851,"seo":17034,"stem":17035,"__hash__":17036},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14834,"toc":16994},[14835,14838,14844,14853,14855,14931,14935,14984,14987,14991,15005,15008,15012,15025,15028,15061,15075,15078,15090,15094,15097,15105,15185,15189,15242,15246,15264,15266,15348,15351,15353,15356,15359,15382,15406,15410,15418,15421,15425,15434,15439,15497,15501,15534,15540,15546,15549,15604,15608,15658,15661,15667,15670,15678,15680,15725,15730,15739,15742,15745,15792,15794,15799,15802,15896,15900,15953,15956,16012,16015,16019,16022,16036,16040,16106,16110,16135,16138,16142,16220,16224,16227,16230,16250,16253,16306,16310,16313,16316,16329,16331,16420,16427,16430,16441,16443,16446,16466,16470,16473,16482,16485,16524,16528,16530,16539,16548,16550,16588,16592,16639,16643,16664,16668,16671,16783,16788,16886,16908,16910,16914,16921,16925,16931,16935,16938,16942,16945,16952,16960,16962,16988,16991],[10,14836,14832],{"id":14837},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,14839,14840,14841,14843],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[3563,14842,8954],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,14845,14846,14847,497,14849,504],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[491,14848,8978],{"href":8977},[491,14850,14852],{"href":14851},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[30,14854,33],{"id":32},[35,14856,14858],{"className":37,"code":14857,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14859,14860,14868,14886,14900,14913,14917,14921],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14861,14862,14864,14866],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14863,12688],{"class":50},[44,14865,55],{"class":54},[44,14867,11318],{"class":62},[44,14869,14870,14872,14874,14876,14878,14880,14882,14884],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,14871,11323],{"class":66},[44,14873,652],{"class":70},[44,14875,67],{"class":66},[44,14877,449],{"class":62},[44,14879,1438],{"class":66},[44,14881,12705],{"class":70},[44,14883,67],{"class":66},[44,14885,11339],{"class":62},[44,14887,14888,14890,14892,14894,14896,14898],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,14889,11323],{"class":66},[44,14891,414],{"class":70},[44,14893,67],{"class":66},[44,14895,449],{"class":62},[44,14897,7620],{"class":452},[44,14899,11339],{"class":62},[44,14901,14902,14904,14907,14909,14911],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,14903,11323],{"class":66},[44,14905,14906],{"class":70},"is_active",[44,14908,67],{"class":66},[44,14910,449],{"class":62},[44,14912,6252],{"class":3674},[44,14914,14915],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,14916,9130],{"class":62},[44,14918,14919],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,14920,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,14922,14923,14925,14927,14929],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,14924,82],{"class":58},[44,14926,63],{"class":62},[44,14928,13452],{"class":97},[44,14930,76],{"class":62},[20,14932,14933],{},[3563,14934,1031],{},[35,14936,14938],{"className":37,"code":14937,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,14939,14940],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14941,14942,14944,14946,14948,14950,14952,14954,14956,14958,14960,14962,14964,14966,14968,14970,14972,14974,14976,14978,14980,14982],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14943,9100],{"class":62},[44,14945,476],{"class":66},[44,14947,652],{"class":70},[44,14949,476],{"class":66},[44,14951,449],{"class":62},[44,14953,470],{"class":66},[44,14955,12705],{"class":70},[44,14957,476],{"class":66},[44,14959,186],{"class":62},[44,14961,470],{"class":66},[44,14963,414],{"class":70},[44,14965,476],{"class":66},[44,14967,449],{"class":62},[44,14969,7620],{"class":452},[44,14971,186],{"class":62},[44,14973,470],{"class":66},[44,14975,14906],{"class":70},[44,14977,476],{"class":66},[44,14979,449],{"class":62},[44,14981,3739],{"class":3674},[44,14983,9130],{"class":62},[20,14985,14986],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[30,14988,14990],{"id":14989},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[126,14992,14993,14996,14999,15002],{},[129,14994,14995],{},"What a dictionary is",[129,14997,14998],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[129,15000,15001],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[129,15003,15004],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[30,15006,14995],{"id":15007},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15009,8951,15010,504],{},[3563,15011,8954],{},[126,15013,15014,15020],{},[129,15015,15016,15017,15019],{},"A ",[3563,15018,14668],{}," is the label",[129,15021,15016,15022,15024],{},[3563,15023,354],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15026,15027],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[35,15029,15031],{"className":37,"code":15030,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15032,15033,15041,15057],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15034,15035,15037,15039],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15036,12688],{"class":50},[44,15038,55],{"class":54},[44,15040,11318],{"class":62},[44,15042,15043,15045,15047,15049,15051,15053,15055],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,15044,11323],{"class":66},[44,15046,652],{"class":70},[44,15048,67],{"class":66},[44,15050,449],{"class":62},[44,15052,1438],{"class":66},[44,15054,12705],{"class":70},[44,15056,3176],{"class":66},[44,15058,15059],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,15060,9130],{"class":62},[126,15062,15063,15069],{},[129,15064,15065,15068],{},[15,15066,15067],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[129,15070,15071,15074],{},[15,15072,15073],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15076,15077],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[126,15079,15080,15082,15084,15087],{},[129,15081,652],{},[129,15083,414],{},[129,15085,15086],{},"email",[129,15088,15089],{},"country",[30,15091,15093],{"id":15092},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15095,15096],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15098,103,15099,15101,15102,504],{},[15,15100,3613],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15103,15104],{},"key: value",[35,15106,15108],{"className":37,"code":15107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15109,15110,15118,15136,15150,15167,15171,15175],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15111,15112,15114,15116],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15113,12688],{"class":50},[44,15115,55],{"class":54},[44,15117,11318],{"class":62},[44,15119,15120,15122,15124,15126,15128,15130,15132,15134],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,15121,11323],{"class":66},[44,15123,652],{"class":70},[44,15125,67],{"class":66},[44,15127,449],{"class":62},[44,15129,1438],{"class":66},[44,15131,12705],{"class":70},[44,15133,67],{"class":66},[44,15135,11339],{"class":62},[44,15137,15138,15140,15142,15144,15146,15148],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,15139,11323],{"class":66},[44,15141,414],{"class":70},[44,15143,67],{"class":66},[44,15145,449],{"class":62},[44,15147,7620],{"class":452},[44,15149,11339],{"class":62},[44,15151,15152,15154,15157,15159,15161,15163,15165],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,15153,11323],{"class":66},[44,15155,15156],{"class":70},"course",[44,15158,67],{"class":66},[44,15160,449],{"class":62},[44,15162,1438],{"class":66},[44,15164,7127],{"class":70},[44,15166,3176],{"class":66},[44,15168,15169],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,15170,9130],{"class":62},[44,15172,15173],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,15174,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,15176,15177,15179,15181,15183],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,15178,82],{"class":58},[44,15180,63],{"class":62},[44,15182,13452],{"class":97},[44,15184,76],{"class":62},[20,15186,15187],{},[3563,15188,1031],{},[35,15190,15192],{"className":37,"code":15191,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15193,15194],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15195,15196,15198,15200,15202,15204,15206,15208,15210,15212,15214,15216,15218,15220,15222,15224,15226,15228,15230,15232,15234,15236,15238,15240],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15197,9100],{"class":62},[44,15199,476],{"class":66},[44,15201,652],{"class":70},[44,15203,476],{"class":66},[44,15205,449],{"class":62},[44,15207,470],{"class":66},[44,15209,12705],{"class":70},[44,15211,476],{"class":66},[44,15213,186],{"class":62},[44,15215,470],{"class":66},[44,15217,414],{"class":70},[44,15219,476],{"class":66},[44,15221,449],{"class":62},[44,15223,7620],{"class":452},[44,15225,186],{"class":62},[44,15227,470],{"class":66},[44,15229,15156],{"class":70},[44,15231,476],{"class":66},[44,15233,449],{"class":62},[44,15235,470],{"class":66},[44,15237,7127],{"class":70},[44,15239,476],{"class":66},[44,15241,9130],{"class":62},[600,15243,15245],{"id":15244},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[126,15247,15248,15253,15258,15261],{},[129,15249,103,15250,15252],{},[15,15251,3613],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[129,15254,15255,15256],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15257,15104],{},[129,15259,15260],{},"Separate items with commas",[129,15262,15263],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15265,145],{},[35,15267,15269],{"className":37,"code":15268,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15270,15271,15280,15300,15316,15329,15333,15337],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15272,15273,15276,15278],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15274,15275],{"class":50},"book ",[44,15277,55],{"class":54},[44,15279,11318],{"class":62},[44,15281,15282,15284,15287,15289,15291,15293,15296,15298],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,15283,11323],{"class":66},[44,15285,15286],{"class":70},"title",[44,15288,67],{"class":66},[44,15290,449],{"class":62},[44,15292,1438],{"class":66},[44,15294,15295],{"class":70},"Python Basics",[44,15297,67],{"class":66},[44,15299,11339],{"class":62},[44,15301,15302,15304,15307,15309,15311,15314],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,15303,11323],{"class":66},[44,15305,15306],{"class":70},"pages",[44,15308,67],{"class":66},[44,15310,449],{"class":62},[44,15312,15313],{"class":452}," 150",[44,15315,11339],{"class":62},[44,15317,15318,15320,15323,15325,15327],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,15319,11323],{"class":66},[44,15321,15322],{"class":70},"available",[44,15324,67],{"class":66},[44,15326,449],{"class":62},[44,15328,6252],{"class":3674},[44,15330,15331],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,15332,9130],{"class":62},[44,15334,15335],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,15336,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,15338,15339,15341,15343,15346],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,15340,82],{"class":58},[44,15342,63],{"class":62},[44,15344,15345],{"class":97},"book",[44,15347,76],{"class":62},[20,15349,15350],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[30,15352,9224],{"id":9223},[20,15354,15355],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15357,15358],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[35,15360,15362],{"className":37,"code":15361,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15363,15364,15372],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15365,15366,15368,15370],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15367,8988],{"class":50},[44,15369,55],{"class":54},[44,15371,9660],{"class":62},[44,15373,15374,15376,15378,15380],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,15375,82],{"class":58},[44,15377,63],{"class":62},[44,15379,9026],{"class":97},[44,15381,76],{"class":62},[35,15383,15384],{"className":37,"code":9227,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,15385,15386,15396],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15387,15388,15390,15392,15394],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15389,8988],{"class":50},[44,15391,55],{"class":54},[44,15393,8993],{"class":426},[44,15395,345],{"class":62},[44,15397,15398,15400,15402,15404],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,15399,82],{"class":58},[44,15401,63],{"class":62},[44,15403,9026],{"class":97},[44,15405,76],{"class":62},[20,15407,15408],{},[3563,15409,1031],{},[35,15411,15412],{"className":37,"code":9256,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,15413,15414],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15415,15416],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15417,9256],{"class":62},[20,15419,15420],{},"Both are correct.",[600,15422,15424],{"id":15423},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15426,15427,15429,15430,15433],{},[15,15428,3613],{}," creates an empty ",[3563,15431,15432],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15435,15436,15437,504],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15438,3618],{},[35,15440,15442],{"className":37,"code":15441,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15443,15444,15452,15464,15468,15482],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15445,15446,15448,15450],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15447,11549],{"class":50},[44,15449,55],{"class":54},[44,15451,9660],{"class":62},[44,15453,15454,15457,15459,15462],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,15455,15456],{"class":50},"my_set ",[44,15458,55],{"class":54},[44,15460,15461],{"class":426}," set",[44,15463,345],{"class":62},[44,15465,15466],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,15467,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,15469,15470,15472,15474,15476,15478,15480],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,15471,82],{"class":58},[44,15473,63],{"class":62},[44,15475,427],{"class":426},[44,15477,63],{"class":62},[44,15479,11275],{"class":97},[44,15481,434],{"class":62},[44,15483,15484,15486,15488,15490,15492,15495],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,15485,82],{"class":58},[44,15487,63],{"class":62},[44,15489,427],{"class":426},[44,15491,63],{"class":62},[44,15493,15494],{"class":97},"my_set",[44,15496,434],{"class":62},[20,15498,15499],{},[3563,15500,1031],{},[35,15502,15504],{"className":37,"code":15503,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15505,15506,15520],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15507,15508,15510,15512,15514,15516,15518],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15509,463],{"class":54},[44,15511,467],{"class":466},[44,15513,470],{"class":66},[44,15515,8646],{"class":70},[44,15517,476],{"class":66},[44,15519,479],{"class":54},[44,15521,15522,15524,15526,15528,15530,15532],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,15523,463],{"class":54},[44,15525,467],{"class":466},[44,15527,470],{"class":66},[44,15529,6116],{"class":70},[44,15531,476],{"class":66},[44,15533,479],{"class":54},[30,15535,15537,15538],{"id":15536},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15539,8942],{},[20,15541,15542,15543,15545],{},"You can also use ",[15,15544,8942],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15547,15548],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[35,15550,15552],{"className":37,"code":15551,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15553,15554,15594],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15555,15556,15558,15560,15562,15564,15566,15568,15570,15572,15574,15576,15578,15580,15583,15585,15588,15590,15592],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15557,12688],{"class":50},[44,15559,55],{"class":54},[44,15561,8993],{"class":426},[44,15563,63],{"class":62},[44,15565,652],{"class":8998},[44,15567,55],{"class":54},[44,15569,67],{"class":66},[44,15571,12705],{"class":70},[44,15573,67],{"class":66},[44,15575,186],{"class":62},[44,15577,9011],{"class":8998},[44,15579,55],{"class":54},[44,15581,15582],{"class":452},"20",[44,15584,186],{"class":62},[44,15586,15587],{"class":8998}," active",[44,15589,55],{"class":54},[44,15591,3420],{"class":3674},[44,15593,76],{"class":62},[44,15595,15596,15598,15600,15602],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,15597,82],{"class":58},[44,15599,63],{"class":62},[44,15601,13452],{"class":97},[44,15603,76],{"class":62},[20,15605,15606],{},[3563,15607,1031],{},[35,15609,15611],{"className":37,"code":15610,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15612,15613],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15614,15615,15617,15619,15621,15623,15625,15627,15629,15631,15633,15635,15637,15639,15641,15643,15645,15647,15650,15652,15654,15656],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15616,9100],{"class":62},[44,15618,476],{"class":66},[44,15620,652],{"class":70},[44,15622,476],{"class":66},[44,15624,449],{"class":62},[44,15626,470],{"class":66},[44,15628,12705],{"class":70},[44,15630,476],{"class":66},[44,15632,186],{"class":62},[44,15634,470],{"class":66},[44,15636,414],{"class":70},[44,15638,476],{"class":66},[44,15640,449],{"class":62},[44,15642,7620],{"class":452},[44,15644,186],{"class":62},[44,15646,470],{"class":66},[44,15648,15649],{"class":70},"active",[44,15651,476],{"class":66},[44,15653,449],{"class":62},[44,15655,3739],{"class":3674},[44,15657,9130],{"class":62},[20,15659,15660],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[600,15662,15664,15665],{"id":15663},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15666,8942],{},[20,15668,15669],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[126,15671,15672,15675],{},[129,15673,15674],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[129,15676,15677],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15679,6518],{},[35,15681,15683],{"className":37,"code":15682,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15684,15685,15715],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15686,15687,15689,15691,15693,15695,15697,15699,15701,15703,15705,15707,15709,15711,15713],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15688,11313],{"class":50},[44,15690,55],{"class":54},[44,15692,8993],{"class":426},[44,15694,63],{"class":62},[44,15696,652],{"class":8998},[44,15698,55],{"class":54},[44,15700,67],{"class":66},[44,15702,7507],{"class":70},[44,15704,67],{"class":66},[44,15706,186],{"class":62},[44,15708,9011],{"class":8998},[44,15710,55],{"class":54},[44,15712,485],{"class":452},[44,15714,76],{"class":62},[44,15716,15717,15719,15721,15723],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,15718,82],{"class":58},[44,15720,63],{"class":62},[44,15722,11407],{"class":97},[44,15724,76],{"class":62},[20,15726,4454,15727,15729],{},[3563,15728,4457],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[35,15731,15733],{"className":37,"code":15732,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15734,15735],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15736,15737],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15738,15732],{"class":3483},[20,15740,15741],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,15743,15744],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[35,15746,15748],{"className":37,"code":15747,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,15749,15750,15758,15774,15778,15782],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15751,15752,15754,15756],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15753,11313],{"class":50},[44,15755,55],{"class":54},[44,15757,11318],{"class":62},[44,15759,15760,15762,15764,15766,15768,15770,15772],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,15761,11323],{"class":66},[44,15763,10318],{"class":70},[44,15765,67],{"class":66},[44,15767,449],{"class":62},[44,15769,1438],{"class":66},[44,15771,7507],{"class":70},[44,15773,3176],{"class":66},[44,15775,15776],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,15777,9130],{"class":62},[44,15779,15780],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,15781,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,15783,15784,15786,15788,15790],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,15785,82],{"class":58},[44,15787,63],{"class":62},[44,15789,11407],{"class":97},[44,15791,76],{"class":62},[30,15793,9266],{"id":9265},[20,15795,15796,15798],{},[15,15797,8942],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,15800,15801],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[35,15803,15805],{"className":37,"code":15804,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15806,15807,15864,15868,15882,15886],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15808,15809,15811,15813,15815,15817,15819,15821,15823,15825,15827,15829,15831,15833,15835,15837,15839,15841,15843,15845,15847,15849,15851,15853,15855,15857,15860,15862],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15810,9037],{"class":50},[44,15812,55],{"class":54},[44,15814,9042],{"class":62},[44,15816,67],{"class":66},[44,15818,652],{"class":70},[44,15820,67],{"class":66},[44,15822,186],{"class":62},[44,15824,1438],{"class":66},[44,15826,12705],{"class":70},[44,15828,67],{"class":66},[44,15830,9055],{"class":62},[44,15832,9058],{"class":62},[44,15834,67],{"class":66},[44,15836,414],{"class":70},[44,15838,67],{"class":66},[44,15840,186],{"class":62},[44,15842,7620],{"class":452},[44,15844,9055],{"class":62},[44,15846,9058],{"class":62},[44,15848,67],{"class":66},[44,15850,10231],{"class":70},[44,15852,67],{"class":66},[44,15854,186],{"class":62},[44,15856,1438],{"class":66},[44,15858,15859],{"class":70},"Lima",[44,15861,67],{"class":66},[44,15863,9071],{"class":62},[44,15865,15866],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,15867,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,15869,15870,15872,15874,15876,15878,15880],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,15871,12688],{"class":50},[44,15873,55],{"class":54},[44,15875,8993],{"class":426},[44,15877,63],{"class":62},[44,15879,9084],{"class":97},[44,15881,76],{"class":62},[44,15883,15884],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,15885,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,15887,15888,15890,15892,15894],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,15889,82],{"class":58},[44,15891,63],{"class":62},[44,15893,13452],{"class":97},[44,15895,76],{"class":62},[20,15897,15898],{},[3563,15899,1031],{},[35,15901,15903],{"className":37,"code":15902,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,15904,15905],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15906,15907,15909,15911,15913,15915,15917,15919,15921,15923,15925,15927,15929,15931,15933,15935,15937,15939,15941,15943,15945,15947,15949,15951],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15908,9100],{"class":62},[44,15910,476],{"class":66},[44,15912,652],{"class":70},[44,15914,476],{"class":66},[44,15916,449],{"class":62},[44,15918,470],{"class":66},[44,15920,12705],{"class":70},[44,15922,476],{"class":66},[44,15924,186],{"class":62},[44,15926,470],{"class":66},[44,15928,414],{"class":70},[44,15930,476],{"class":66},[44,15932,449],{"class":62},[44,15934,7620],{"class":452},[44,15936,186],{"class":62},[44,15938,470],{"class":66},[44,15940,10231],{"class":70},[44,15942,476],{"class":66},[44,15944,449],{"class":62},[44,15946,470],{"class":66},[44,15948,15859],{"class":70},[44,15950,476],{"class":66},[44,15952,9130],{"class":62},[20,15954,15955],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[35,15957,15959],{"className":37,"code":15958,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,15960,15961,16002],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15962,15963,15965,15967,15969,15972,15974,15976,15978,15980,15982,15984,15986,15988,15990,15992,15994,15996,15998,16000],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15964,12688],{"class":50},[44,15966,55],{"class":54},[44,15968,8993],{"class":426},[44,15970,15971],{"class":62},"(((",[44,15973,67],{"class":66},[44,15975,652],{"class":70},[44,15977,67],{"class":66},[44,15979,186],{"class":62},[44,15981,1438],{"class":66},[44,15983,12705],{"class":70},[44,15985,67],{"class":66},[44,15987,9055],{"class":62},[44,15989,9058],{"class":62},[44,15991,67],{"class":66},[44,15993,414],{"class":70},[44,15995,67],{"class":66},[44,15997,186],{"class":62},[44,15999,7620],{"class":452},[44,16001,2731],{"class":62},[44,16003,16004,16006,16008,16010],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,16005,82],{"class":58},[44,16007,63],{"class":62},[44,16009,13452],{"class":97},[44,16011,76],{"class":62},[20,16013,16014],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[30,16016,16018],{"id":16017},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16020,16021],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[126,16023,16024,16027,16030,16033],{},[129,16025,16026],{},"Keys must be unique",[129,16028,16029],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[129,16031,16032],{},"Values can repeat",[129,16034,16035],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[600,16037,16039],{"id":16038},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[35,16041,16043],{"className":37,"code":16042,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16044,16045,16053,16071,16088,16092,16096],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16046,16047,16049,16051],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16048,8988],{"class":50},[44,16050,55],{"class":54},[44,16052,11318],{"class":62},[44,16054,16055,16057,16059,16061,16063,16065,16067,16069],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,16056,11323],{"class":66},[44,16058,652],{"class":70},[44,16060,67],{"class":66},[44,16062,449],{"class":62},[44,16064,1438],{"class":66},[44,16066,12705],{"class":70},[44,16068,67],{"class":66},[44,16070,11339],{"class":62},[44,16072,16073,16075,16077,16079,16081,16083,16086],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,16074,11323],{"class":66},[44,16076,652],{"class":70},[44,16078,67],{"class":66},[44,16080,449],{"class":62},[44,16082,1438],{"class":66},[44,16084,16085],{"class":70},"Maria",[44,16087,3176],{"class":66},[44,16089,16090],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,16091,9130],{"class":62},[44,16093,16094],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,16095,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,16097,16098,16100,16102,16104],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,16099,82],{"class":58},[44,16101,63],{"class":62},[44,16103,9026],{"class":97},[44,16105,76],{"class":62},[20,16107,16108],{},[3563,16109,1031],{},[35,16111,16113],{"className":37,"code":16112,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16114,16115],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16116,16117,16119,16121,16123,16125,16127,16129,16131,16133],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16118,9100],{"class":62},[44,16120,476],{"class":66},[44,16122,652],{"class":70},[44,16124,476],{"class":66},[44,16126,449],{"class":62},[44,16128,470],{"class":66},[44,16130,16085],{"class":70},[44,16132,476],{"class":66},[44,16134,9130],{"class":62},[20,16136,16137],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[600,16139,16141],{"id":16140},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[35,16143,16145],{"className":37,"code":16144,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16146,16147,16155,16171,16187,16201,16205,16209],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16148,16149,16151,16153],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16150,4891],{"class":50},[44,16152,55],{"class":54},[44,16154,11318],{"class":62},[44,16156,16157,16160,16162,16164,16167,16169],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,16158,16159],{"class":452},"    1",[44,16161,449],{"class":62},[44,16163,1438],{"class":66},[44,16165,16166],{"class":70},"low",[44,16168,67],{"class":66},[44,16170,11339],{"class":62},[44,16172,16173,16176,16178,16180,16183,16185],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,16174,16175],{"class":452},"    2",[44,16177,449],{"class":62},[44,16179,1438],{"class":66},[44,16181,16182],{"class":70},"medium",[44,16184,67],{"class":66},[44,16186,11339],{"class":62},[44,16188,16189,16192,16194,16196,16199],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,16190,16191],{"class":452},"    3",[44,16193,449],{"class":62},[44,16195,1438],{"class":66},[44,16197,16198],{"class":70},"high",[44,16200,3176],{"class":66},[44,16202,16203],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,16204,9130],{"class":62},[44,16206,16207],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,16208,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,16210,16211,16213,16215,16218],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,16212,82],{"class":58},[44,16214,63],{"class":62},[44,16216,16217],{"class":97},"scores",[44,16219,76],{"class":62},[600,16221,16223],{"id":16222},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16225,16226],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16228,16229],{},"This will cause an error:",[35,16231,16233],{"className":37,"code":16232,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16234,16235,16240,16245],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16236,16237],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16238,16239],{"class":3483},"# bad = {\n",[44,16241,16242],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,16243,16244],{"class":3483},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[44,16246,16247],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,16248,16249],{"class":3483},"# }\n",[20,16251,16252],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[35,16254,16256],{"className":37,"code":16255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16257,16258,16267,16287,16291,16295],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16259,16260,16263,16265],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16261,16262],{"class":50},"good ",[44,16264,55],{"class":54},[44,16266,11318],{"class":62},[44,16268,16269,16272,16274,16276,16278,16281,16283,16285],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,16270,16271],{"class":62},"    (",[44,16273,2807],{"class":452},[44,16275,186],{"class":62},[44,16277,2812],{"class":452},[44,16279,16280],{"class":62},"):",[44,16282,1438],{"class":66},[44,16284,3467],{"class":70},[44,16286,3176],{"class":66},[44,16288,16289],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,16290,9130],{"class":62},[44,16292,16293],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,16294,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,16296,16297,16299,16301,16304],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,16298,82],{"class":58},[44,16300,63],{"class":62},[44,16302,16303],{"class":97},"good",[44,16305,76],{"class":62},[30,16307,16309],{"id":16308},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16311,16312],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16314,16315],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[126,16317,16318,16321,16323,16326],{},[129,16319,16320],{},"user data",[129,16322,13711],{},[129,16324,16325],{},"counters",[129,16327,16328],{},"lookups",[20,16330,145],{},[35,16332,16334],{"className":37,"code":16333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16335,16336,16344,16363,16382,16394,16398,16402],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16337,16338,16340,16342],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16339,11313],{"class":50},[44,16341,55],{"class":54},[44,16343,11318],{"class":62},[44,16345,16346,16348,16350,16352,16354,16356,16359,16361],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,16347,11323],{"class":66},[44,16349,323],{"class":70},[44,16351,67],{"class":66},[44,16353,449],{"class":62},[44,16355,1438],{"class":66},[44,16357,16358],{"class":70},"ana123",[44,16360,67],{"class":66},[44,16362,11339],{"class":62},[44,16364,16365,16367,16369,16371,16373,16375,16378,16380],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,16366,11323],{"class":66},[44,16368,15086],{"class":70},[44,16370,67],{"class":66},[44,16372,449],{"class":62},[44,16374,1438],{"class":66},[44,16376,16377],{"class":70},"ana@example.com",[44,16379,67],{"class":66},[44,16381,11339],{"class":62},[44,16383,16384,16386,16388,16390,16392],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,16385,11323],{"class":66},[44,16387,12339],{"class":70},[44,16389,67],{"class":66},[44,16391,449],{"class":62},[44,16393,6252],{"class":3674},[44,16395,16396],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,16397,9130],{"class":62},[44,16399,16400],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,16401,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,16403,16404,16406,16408,16410,16412,16414,16416,16418],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,16405,82],{"class":58},[44,16407,63],{"class":62},[44,16409,11407],{"class":97},[44,16411,3723],{"class":62},[44,16413,67],{"class":66},[44,16415,15086],{"class":70},[44,16417,67],{"class":66},[44,16419,3711],{"class":62},[20,16421,16422,16423,504],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[491,16424,16426],{"href":16425},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16428,16429],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[126,16431,16432,16435,16438],{},[129,16433,16434],{},"labels are not needed",[129,16436,16437],{},"you mostly care about position",[129,16439,16440],{},"order matters more than named fields",[30,16442,1486],{"id":1485},[20,16444,16445],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[126,16447,16448,16451,16454,16457,16460],{},[129,16449,16450],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[129,16452,16453],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[129,16455,16456],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[129,16458,16459],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[129,16461,16462,16463,16465],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16464,3613],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[600,16467,16469],{"id":16468},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16471,16472],{},"Wrong:",[35,16474,16476],{"className":37,"code":16475,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16477,16478],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16479,16480],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16481,16475],{"class":3483},[20,16483,16484],{},"Correct:",[35,16486,16488],{"className":37,"code":16487,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16489,16490,16514],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16491,16492,16494,16496,16498,16500,16502,16504,16506,16508,16510,16512],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16493,12688],{"class":50},[44,16495,55],{"class":54},[44,16497,10313],{"class":62},[44,16499,67],{"class":66},[44,16501,652],{"class":70},[44,16503,67],{"class":66},[44,16505,449],{"class":62},[44,16507,1438],{"class":66},[44,16509,12705],{"class":70},[44,16511,67],{"class":66},[44,16513,9130],{"class":62},[44,16515,16516,16518,16520,16522],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,16517,82],{"class":58},[44,16519,63],{"class":62},[44,16521,13452],{"class":97},[44,16523,76],{"class":62},[600,16525,16527],{"id":16526},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16529,16472],{},[35,16531,16533],{"className":37,"code":16532,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16534,16535],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16536,16537],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16538,16532],{"class":3483},[20,16540,16541,16542,16544,16545,16547],{},"This only works if ",[15,16543,652],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16546,15067],{},", use quotes.",[20,16549,16484],{},[35,16551,16552],{"className":37,"code":16487,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,16553,16554,16578],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16555,16556,16558,16560,16562,16564,16566,16568,16570,16572,16574,16576],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16557,12688],{"class":50},[44,16559,55],{"class":54},[44,16561,10313],{"class":62},[44,16563,67],{"class":66},[44,16565,652],{"class":70},[44,16567,67],{"class":66},[44,16569,449],{"class":62},[44,16571,1438],{"class":66},[44,16573,12705],{"class":70},[44,16575,67],{"class":66},[44,16577,9130],{"class":62},[44,16579,16580,16582,16584,16586],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,16581,82],{"class":58},[44,16583,63],{"class":62},[44,16585,13452],{"class":97},[44,16587,76],{"class":62},[600,16589,16591],{"id":16590},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[35,16593,16595],{"className":37,"code":16594,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16596,16597,16629],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16598,16599,16601,16603,16605,16607,16609,16611,16613,16615,16617,16619,16621,16623,16625,16627],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16600,8988],{"class":50},[44,16602,55],{"class":54},[44,16604,10313],{"class":62},[44,16606,67],{"class":66},[44,16608,414],{"class":70},[44,16610,67],{"class":66},[44,16612,449],{"class":62},[44,16614,7620],{"class":452},[44,16616,186],{"class":62},[44,16618,1438],{"class":66},[44,16620,414],{"class":70},[44,16622,67],{"class":66},[44,16624,449],{"class":62},[44,16626,7625],{"class":452},[44,16628,9130],{"class":62},[44,16630,16631,16633,16635,16637],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,16632,82],{"class":58},[44,16634,63],{"class":62},[44,16636,9026],{"class":97},[44,16638,76],{"class":62},[20,16640,16641],{},[3563,16642,1031],{},[35,16644,16646],{"className":37,"code":16645,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16647,16648],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16649,16650,16652,16654,16656,16658,16660,16662],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16651,9100],{"class":62},[44,16653,476],{"class":66},[44,16655,414],{"class":70},[44,16657,476],{"class":66},[44,16659,449],{"class":62},[44,16661,7625],{"class":452},[44,16663,9130],{"class":62},[30,16665,16667],{"id":16666},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16669,16670],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[35,16672,16674],{"className":37,"code":16673,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16675,16676,16712,16716,16726,16740,16755,16769],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16677,16678,16680,16682,16684,16686,16688,16690,16692,16694,16696,16698,16700,16702,16704,16706,16708,16710],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16679,11549],{"class":50},[44,16681,55],{"class":54},[44,16683,10313],{"class":62},[44,16685,67],{"class":66},[44,16687,652],{"class":70},[44,16689,67],{"class":66},[44,16691,449],{"class":62},[44,16693,1438],{"class":66},[44,16695,12705],{"class":70},[44,16697,67],{"class":66},[44,16699,186],{"class":62},[44,16701,1438],{"class":66},[44,16703,414],{"class":70},[44,16705,67],{"class":66},[44,16707,449],{"class":62},[44,16709,7620],{"class":452},[44,16711,9130],{"class":62},[44,16713,16714],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,16715,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,16717,16718,16720,16722,16724],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,16719,82],{"class":58},[44,16721,63],{"class":62},[44,16723,11275],{"class":97},[44,16725,76],{"class":62},[44,16727,16728,16730,16732,16734,16736,16738],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,16729,82],{"class":58},[44,16731,63],{"class":62},[44,16733,427],{"class":426},[44,16735,63],{"class":62},[44,16737,11275],{"class":97},[44,16739,434],{"class":62},[44,16741,16742,16744,16746,16748,16750,16753],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,16743,82],{"class":58},[44,16745,63],{"class":62},[44,16747,11275],{"class":97},[44,16749,504],{"class":62},[44,16751,16752],{"class":97},"keys",[44,16754,7025],{"class":62},[44,16756,16757,16759,16761,16763,16765,16767],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,16758,82],{"class":58},[44,16760,63],{"class":62},[44,16762,11275],{"class":97},[44,16764,504],{"class":62},[44,16766,5187],{"class":97},[44,16768,7025],{"class":62},[44,16770,16771,16773,16775,16777,16779,16781],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,16772,82],{"class":58},[44,16774,63],{"class":62},[44,16776,10986],{"class":58},[44,16778,63],{"class":62},[44,16780,11275],{"class":97},[44,16782,434],{"class":62},[20,16784,16785],{},[3563,16786,16787],{},"Example output:",[35,16789,16791],{"className":37,"code":16790,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,16792,16793,16825,16839,16862,16881],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16794,16795,16797,16799,16801,16803,16805,16807,16809,16811,16813,16815,16817,16819,16821,16823],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16796,9100],{"class":62},[44,16798,476],{"class":66},[44,16800,652],{"class":70},[44,16802,476],{"class":66},[44,16804,449],{"class":62},[44,16806,470],{"class":66},[44,16808,12705],{"class":70},[44,16810,476],{"class":66},[44,16812,186],{"class":62},[44,16814,470],{"class":66},[44,16816,414],{"class":70},[44,16818,476],{"class":66},[44,16820,449],{"class":62},[44,16822,7620],{"class":452},[44,16824,9130],{"class":62},[44,16826,16827,16829,16831,16833,16835,16837],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,16828,463],{"class":54},[44,16830,467],{"class":466},[44,16832,470],{"class":66},[44,16834,8646],{"class":70},[44,16836,476],{"class":66},[44,16838,479],{"class":54},[44,16840,16841,16844,16846,16848,16850,16852,16854,16856,16858,16860],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,16842,16843],{"class":97},"dict_keys",[44,16845,2804],{"class":62},[44,16847,476],{"class":66},[44,16849,652],{"class":70},[44,16851,476],{"class":66},[44,16853,186],{"class":62},[44,16855,470],{"class":66},[44,16857,414],{"class":70},[44,16859,476],{"class":66},[44,16861,3711],{"class":62},[44,16863,16864,16867,16869,16871,16873,16875,16877,16879],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,16865,16866],{"class":97},"dict_values",[44,16868,2804],{"class":62},[44,16870,476],{"class":66},[44,16872,12705],{"class":70},[44,16874,476],{"class":66},[44,16876,186],{"class":62},[44,16878,7620],{"class":452},[44,16880,3711],{"class":62},[44,16882,16883],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,16884,16885],{"class":452},"2\n",[20,16887,16888,16889,2018,16895,16901,16902,504],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[491,16890,10560,16892],{"href":16891},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,16893,16894],{},"keys()",[491,16896,10560,16898],{"href":16897},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,16899,16900],{},"values()",", and ",[491,16903,10560,16905],{"href":16904},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,16906,16907],{},"items()",[30,16909,1651],{"id":1650},[600,16911,16913],{"id":16912},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,16915,103,16916,497,16918,16920],{},[15,16917,3613],{},[15,16919,8942],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[600,16922,16924],{"id":16923},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,16926,16927,16928,504],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,16929,16930],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[600,16932,16934],{"id":16933},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,16936,16937],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[600,16939,16941],{"id":16940},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,16943,16944],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[600,16946,5007,16948,1126,16950,213],{"id":16947},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,16949,3613],{},[15,16951,8942],{},[20,16953,16954,16956,16957,16959],{},[15,16955,3613],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,16958,8942],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[30,16961,1719],{"id":1718},[126,16963,16964,16968,16974,16978,16984],{},[129,16965,16966],{},[491,16967,8978],{"href":8977},[129,16969,16970],{},[491,16971,10560,16972,10564],{"href":10559},[15,16973,10563],{},[129,16975,16976],{},[491,16977,11076],{"href":10554},[129,16979,16980],{},[491,16981,16983],{"href":16982},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[129,16985,16986],{},[491,16987,11087],{"href":10898},[20,16989,16990],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1758,16992,16993],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":16995},[16996,16997,16998,16999,17002,17005,17010,17011,17016,17017,17022,17023,17031],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":14989,"depth":79,"text":14990},{"id":15007,"depth":79,"text":14995},{"id":15092,"depth":79,"text":15093,"children":17000},[17001],{"id":15244,"depth":419,"text":15245},{"id":9223,"depth":79,"text":9224,"children":17003},[17004],{"id":15423,"depth":419,"text":15424},{"id":15536,"depth":79,"text":17006,"children":17007},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17008],{"id":15663,"depth":419,"text":17009},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9265,"depth":79,"text":9266},{"id":16017,"depth":79,"text":16018,"children":17012},[17013,17014,17015],{"id":16038,"depth":419,"text":16039},{"id":16140,"depth":419,"text":16141},{"id":16222,"depth":419,"text":16223},{"id":16308,"depth":79,"text":16309},{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486,"children":17018},[17019,17020,17021],{"id":16468,"depth":419,"text":16469},{"id":16526,"depth":419,"text":16527},{"id":16590,"depth":419,"text":16591},{"id":16666,"depth":79,"text":16667},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":17024},[17025,17026,17027,17028,17029],{"id":16912,"depth":419,"text":16913},{"id":16923,"depth":419,"text":16924},{"id":16933,"depth":419,"text":16934},{"id":16940,"depth":419,"text":16941},{"id":16947,"depth":419,"text":17030},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14832,"description":17032},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17038,"title":17039,"body":17040,"description":19490,"extension":1796,"meta":19491,"navigation":807,"path":19492,"seo":19493,"stem":19494,"__hash__":19495},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17041,"toc":19446},[17042,17048,17054,17057,17060,17062,17144,17150,17155,17159,17177,17189,17194,17198,17221,17225,17237,17245,17249,17255,17257,17260,17335,17337,17382,17384,17401,17406,17412,17417,17491,17493,17538,17541,17552,17554,17673,17675,17728,17735,17739,17742,17759,17765,17769,17867,17869,17921,17928,17932,17938,17941,17944,17971,17976,17980,17983,18087,18089,18134,18137,18140,18145,18150,18161,18163,18224,18284,18290,18298,18304,18309,18314,18374,18378,18445,18448,18452,18523,18526,18539,18546,18548,18552,18556,18627,18629,18666,18669,18672,18735,18742,18745,18787,18796,18799,18868,18874,18879,18963,18965,19014,19021,19027,19072,19074,19107,19112,19116,19122,19161,19205,19273,19316,19318,19324,19327,19331,19336,19340,19343,19347,19349,19410,19412,19438,19443],[10,17043,11143,17045,11147],{"id":17044},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17046,17047],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17049,17050,17053],{},[15,17051,17052],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17055,17056],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17058,17059],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[30,17061,33],{"id":32},[35,17063,17065],{"className":37,"code":17064,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17066,17067,17100,17128,17139],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17068,17069,17072,17074,17076,17078,17080,17082,17084,17086,17088,17090,17092,17094,17096,17098],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17070,17071],{"class":50},"keys ",[44,17073,55],{"class":54},[44,17075,3440],{"class":62},[44,17077,67],{"class":66},[44,17079,652],{"class":70},[44,17081,67],{"class":66},[44,17083,186],{"class":62},[44,17085,1438],{"class":66},[44,17087,414],{"class":70},[44,17089,67],{"class":66},[44,17091,186],{"class":62},[44,17093,1438],{"class":66},[44,17095,10231],{"class":70},[44,17097,67],{"class":66},[44,17099,3453],{"class":62},[44,17101,17102,17104,17106,17108,17110,17113,17115,17117,17119,17121,17124,17126],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,17103,13030],{"class":50},[44,17105,55],{"class":54},[44,17107,8993],{"class":426},[44,17109,504],{"class":62},[44,17111,17112],{"class":97},"fromkeys",[44,17114,63],{"class":62},[44,17116,16752],{"class":97},[44,17118,186],{"class":62},[44,17120,1438],{"class":66},[44,17122,17123],{"class":70},"unknown",[44,17125,67],{"class":66},[44,17127,76],{"class":62},[44,17129,17130,17132,17134,17137],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,17131,82],{"class":58},[44,17133,63],{"class":62},[44,17135,17136],{"class":97},"person",[44,17138,76],{"class":62},[44,17140,17141],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,17142,17143],{"class":3483},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17145,103,17146,17149],{},[15,17147,17148],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[30,17151,113,17153,116],{"id":17152},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17154,17052],{},[20,17156,17157,449],{},[15,17158,17052],{},[126,17160,17161,17164,17167,17170],{},[129,17162,17163],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[129,17165,17166],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[129,17168,17169],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[129,17171,17172,17173,17176],{},"Is called as ",[15,17174,17175],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17178,17179,17180,17182,17183,17185,17186,504],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17181,8646],{},", so you write ",[15,17184,17175],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17187,17188],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17190,17191,17192,504],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[491,17193,8978],{"href":12848},[30,17195,17197],{"id":17196},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[35,17199,17201],{"className":37,"code":17200,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17202,17203],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17204,17205,17207,17209,17211,17213,17215,17217,17219],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17206,8646],{"class":426},[44,17208,504],{"class":62},[44,17210,17112],{"class":97},[44,17212,63],{"class":62},[44,17214,3540],{"class":97},[44,17216,186],{"class":62},[44,17218,8259],{"class":97},[44,17220,76],{"class":62},[600,17222,17224],{"id":17223},"parameters","Parameters",[126,17226,17227,17232],{},[129,17228,17229,17231],{},[15,17230,3540],{},": the keys to use",[129,17233,17234,17236],{},[15,17235,354],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17238,17239,17240,17242,17243,504],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17241,354],{},", each key gets ",[15,17244,3599],{},[600,17246,17248],{"id":17247},"return-value","Return value",[20,17250,17251,17252,504],{},"It returns a ",[3563,17253,17254],{},"new dictionary",[30,17256,5616],{"id":5615},[20,17258,17259],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[35,17261,17263],{"className":37,"code":17262,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17264,17265,17298,17320,17324],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17266,17267,17269,17271,17273,17275,17277,17279,17281,17283,17286,17288,17290,17292,17294,17296],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17268,17071],{"class":50},[44,17270,55],{"class":54},[44,17272,3440],{"class":62},[44,17274,67],{"class":66},[44,17276,12918],{"class":70},[44,17278,67],{"class":66},[44,17280,186],{"class":62},[44,17282,1438],{"class":66},[44,17284,17285],{"class":70},"green",[44,17287,67],{"class":66},[44,17289,186],{"class":62},[44,17291,1438],{"class":66},[44,17293,12935],{"class":70},[44,17295,67],{"class":66},[44,17297,3453],{"class":62},[44,17299,17300,17302,17304,17306,17308,17310,17312,17314,17316,17318],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,17301,12901],{"class":50},[44,17303,55],{"class":54},[44,17305,8993],{"class":426},[44,17307,504],{"class":62},[44,17309,17112],{"class":97},[44,17311,63],{"class":62},[44,17313,16752],{"class":97},[44,17315,186],{"class":62},[44,17317,3655],{"class":452},[44,17319,76],{"class":62},[44,17321,17322],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,17323,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,17325,17326,17328,17330,17333],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,17327,82],{"class":58},[44,17329,63],{"class":62},[44,17331,17332],{"class":97},"colors",[44,17334,76],{"class":62},[20,17336,1031],{},[35,17338,17340],{"className":37,"code":17339,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17341,17342],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17343,17344,17346,17348,17350,17352,17354,17356,17358,17360,17362,17364,17366,17368,17370,17372,17374,17376,17378,17380],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17345,9100],{"class":62},[44,17347,476],{"class":66},[44,17349,12918],{"class":70},[44,17351,476],{"class":66},[44,17353,449],{"class":62},[44,17355,3655],{"class":452},[44,17357,186],{"class":62},[44,17359,470],{"class":66},[44,17361,17285],{"class":70},[44,17363,476],{"class":66},[44,17365,449],{"class":62},[44,17367,3655],{"class":452},[44,17369,186],{"class":62},[44,17371,470],{"class":66},[44,17373,12935],{"class":70},[44,17375,476],{"class":66},[44,17377,449],{"class":62},[44,17379,3655],{"class":452},[44,17381,9130],{"class":62},[20,17383,11509],{},[126,17385,17386,17391,17396],{},[129,17387,17388,17390],{},[15,17389,16752],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[129,17392,17393,17395],{},[15,17394,1951],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[129,17397,17398,17400],{},[15,17399,17052],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17402,17403,17404,504],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[491,17405,9213],{"href":12851},[30,17407,8243,17409,17411],{"id":17408},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17410,17047],{}," without a value",[20,17413,17414,17415,504],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17416,3599],{},[35,17418,17420],{"className":37,"code":17419,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17421,17422,17456,17476,17480],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17423,17424,17427,17429,17431,17433,17435,17437,17439,17441,17443,17445,17447,17449,17452,17454],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17425,17426],{"class":50},"fields ",[44,17428,55],{"class":54},[44,17430,3440],{"class":62},[44,17432,67],{"class":66},[44,17434,323],{"class":70},[44,17436,67],{"class":66},[44,17438,186],{"class":62},[44,17440,1438],{"class":66},[44,17442,15086],{"class":70},[44,17444,67],{"class":66},[44,17446,186],{"class":62},[44,17448,1438],{"class":66},[44,17450,17451],{"class":70},"password",[44,17453,67],{"class":66},[44,17455,3453],{"class":62},[44,17457,17458,17461,17463,17465,17467,17469,17471,17474],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,17459,17460],{"class":50},"user_data ",[44,17462,55],{"class":54},[44,17464,8993],{"class":426},[44,17466,504],{"class":62},[44,17468,17112],{"class":97},[44,17470,63],{"class":62},[44,17472,17473],{"class":97},"fields",[44,17475,76],{"class":62},[44,17477,17478],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,17479,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,17481,17482,17484,17486,17489],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,17483,82],{"class":58},[44,17485,63],{"class":62},[44,17487,17488],{"class":97},"user_data",[44,17490,76],{"class":62},[20,17492,1031],{},[35,17494,17496],{"className":37,"code":17495,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17497,17498],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17499,17500,17502,17504,17506,17508,17510,17512,17514,17516,17518,17520,17522,17524,17526,17528,17530,17532,17534,17536],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17501,9100],{"class":62},[44,17503,476],{"class":66},[44,17505,323],{"class":70},[44,17507,476],{"class":66},[44,17509,449],{"class":62},[44,17511,3675],{"class":3674},[44,17513,186],{"class":62},[44,17515,470],{"class":66},[44,17517,15086],{"class":70},[44,17519,476],{"class":66},[44,17521,449],{"class":62},[44,17523,3675],{"class":3674},[44,17525,186],{"class":62},[44,17527,470],{"class":66},[44,17529,17451],{"class":70},[44,17531,476],{"class":66},[44,17533,449],{"class":62},[44,17535,3675],{"class":3674},[44,17537,9130],{"class":62},[20,17539,17540],{},"This is useful when:",[126,17542,17543,17546,17549],{},[129,17544,17545],{},"You want to create the keys first",[129,17547,17548],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[129,17550,17551],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17553,145],{},[35,17555,17557],{"className":37,"code":17556,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17558,17559,17591,17609,17613,17636,17659,17663],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17560,17561,17563,17565,17567,17569,17571,17573,17575,17577,17579,17581,17583,17585,17587,17589],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17562,17426],{"class":50},[44,17564,55],{"class":54},[44,17566,3440],{"class":62},[44,17568,67],{"class":66},[44,17570,323],{"class":70},[44,17572,67],{"class":66},[44,17574,186],{"class":62},[44,17576,1438],{"class":66},[44,17578,15086],{"class":70},[44,17580,67],{"class":66},[44,17582,186],{"class":62},[44,17584,1438],{"class":66},[44,17586,17451],{"class":70},[44,17588,67],{"class":66},[44,17590,3453],{"class":62},[44,17592,17593,17595,17597,17599,17601,17603,17605,17607],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,17594,17460],{"class":50},[44,17596,55],{"class":54},[44,17598,8993],{"class":426},[44,17600,504],{"class":62},[44,17602,17112],{"class":97},[44,17604,63],{"class":62},[44,17606,17473],{"class":97},[44,17608,76],{"class":62},[44,17610,17611],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,17612,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,17614,17615,17617,17619,17621,17623,17625,17627,17629,17631,17634],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,17616,17488],{"class":50},[44,17618,3723],{"class":62},[44,17620,67],{"class":66},[44,17622,323],{"class":70},[44,17624,67],{"class":66},[44,17626,13099],{"class":62},[44,17628,13102],{"class":54},[44,17630,1438],{"class":66},[44,17632,17633],{"class":70},"alice",[44,17635,3176],{"class":66},[44,17637,17638,17640,17642,17644,17646,17648,17650,17652,17654,17657],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,17639,17488],{"class":50},[44,17641,3723],{"class":62},[44,17643,67],{"class":66},[44,17645,15086],{"class":70},[44,17647,67],{"class":66},[44,17649,13099],{"class":62},[44,17651,13102],{"class":54},[44,17653,1438],{"class":66},[44,17655,17656],{"class":70},"alice@example.com",[44,17658,3176],{"class":66},[44,17660,17661],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,17662,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,17664,17665,17667,17669,17671],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,17666,82],{"class":58},[44,17668,63],{"class":62},[44,17670,17488],{"class":97},[44,17672,76],{"class":62},[20,17674,1031],{},[35,17676,17678],{"className":37,"code":17677,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17679,17680],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17681,17682,17684,17686,17688,17690,17692,17694,17696,17698,17700,17702,17704,17706,17708,17710,17712,17714,17716,17718,17720,17722,17724,17726],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17683,9100],{"class":62},[44,17685,476],{"class":66},[44,17687,323],{"class":70},[44,17689,476],{"class":66},[44,17691,449],{"class":62},[44,17693,470],{"class":66},[44,17695,17633],{"class":70},[44,17697,476],{"class":66},[44,17699,186],{"class":62},[44,17701,470],{"class":66},[44,17703,15086],{"class":70},[44,17705,476],{"class":66},[44,17707,449],{"class":62},[44,17709,470],{"class":66},[44,17711,17656],{"class":70},[44,17713,476],{"class":66},[44,17715,186],{"class":62},[44,17717,470],{"class":66},[44,17719,17451],{"class":70},[44,17721,476],{"class":66},[44,17723,449],{"class":62},[44,17725,3675],{"class":3674},[44,17727,9130],{"class":62},[20,17729,17730,17731,504],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[491,17732,17734],{"href":17733},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[30,17736,17738],{"id":17737},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17740,17741],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[126,17743,17744,17749,17754],{},[129,17745,17746,17748],{},[15,17747,3608],{}," (list)",[129,17750,17751,17753],{},[15,17752,3613],{}," (dictionary)",[129,17755,17756,17758],{},[15,17757,3618],{}," (set)",[20,17760,17761,17762,504],{},"All keys will point to the ",[3563,17763,17764],{},"same object",[600,17766,17768],{"id":17767},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[35,17770,17772],{"className":37,"code":17771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17773,17774,17806,17827,17831,17853,17857],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17775,17776,17778,17780,17782,17784,17786,17788,17790,17792,17794,17796,17798,17800,17802,17804],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17777,17071],{"class":50},[44,17779,55],{"class":54},[44,17781,3440],{"class":62},[44,17783,67],{"class":66},[44,17785,491],{"class":70},[44,17787,67],{"class":66},[44,17789,186],{"class":62},[44,17791,1438],{"class":66},[44,17793,4587],{"class":70},[44,17795,67],{"class":66},[44,17797,186],{"class":62},[44,17799,1438],{"class":66},[44,17801,9561],{"class":70},[44,17803,67],{"class":66},[44,17805,3453],{"class":62},[44,17807,17808,17810,17812,17814,17816,17818,17820,17822,17824],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,17809,8988],{"class":50},[44,17811,55],{"class":54},[44,17813,8993],{"class":426},[44,17815,504],{"class":62},[44,17817,17112],{"class":97},[44,17819,63],{"class":62},[44,17821,16752],{"class":97},[44,17823,186],{"class":62},[44,17825,17826],{"class":62}," [])\n",[44,17828,17829],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,17830,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,17832,17833,17835,17837,17839,17841,17843,17845,17847,17849,17851],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,17834,9026],{"class":50},[44,17836,3723],{"class":62},[44,17838,67],{"class":66},[44,17840,491],{"class":70},[44,17842,67],{"class":66},[44,17844,13376],{"class":62},[44,17846,13379],{"class":97},[44,17848,63],{"class":62},[44,17850,2807],{"class":452},[44,17852,76],{"class":62},[44,17854,17855],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,17856,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,17858,17859,17861,17863,17865],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,17860,82],{"class":58},[44,17862,63],{"class":62},[44,17864,9026],{"class":97},[44,17866,76],{"class":62},[20,17868,1031],{},[35,17870,17872],{"className":37,"code":17871,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,17873,17874],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17875,17876,17878,17880,17882,17884,17886,17888,17890,17893,17895,17897,17899,17901,17903,17905,17907,17909,17911,17913,17915,17917,17919],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17877,9100],{"class":62},[44,17879,476],{"class":66},[44,17881,491],{"class":70},[44,17883,476],{"class":66},[44,17885,449],{"class":62},[44,17887,3440],{"class":62},[44,17889,2807],{"class":452},[44,17891,17892],{"class":62},"],",[44,17894,470],{"class":66},[44,17896,4587],{"class":70},[44,17898,476],{"class":66},[44,17900,449],{"class":62},[44,17902,3440],{"class":62},[44,17904,2807],{"class":452},[44,17906,17892],{"class":62},[44,17908,470],{"class":66},[44,17910,9561],{"class":70},[44,17912,476],{"class":66},[44,17914,449],{"class":62},[44,17916,3440],{"class":62},[44,17918,2807],{"class":452},[44,17920,13532],{"class":62},[20,17922,17923,17924,17927],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,17925,17926],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[600,17929,17931],{"id":17930},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,17933,17934,17937],{},[15,17935,17936],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,17939,17940],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,17942,17943],{},"So this:",[35,17945,17947],{"className":37,"code":17946,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,17948,17949],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17950,17951,17953,17955,17957,17959,17961,17963,17965,17967,17969],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17952,9026],{"class":50},[44,17954,3723],{"class":62},[44,17956,67],{"class":66},[44,17958,491],{"class":70},[44,17960,67],{"class":66},[44,17962,13376],{"class":62},[44,17964,13379],{"class":97},[44,17966,63],{"class":62},[44,17968,2807],{"class":452},[44,17970,76],{"class":62},[20,17972,17973,17974,504],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,17975,17926],{},[600,17977,17979],{"id":17978},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,17981,17982],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[35,17984,17986],{"className":37,"code":17985,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17987,17988,18020,18047,18051,18073,18077],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17989,17990,17992,17994,17996,17998,18000,18002,18004,18006,18008,18010,18012,18014,18016,18018],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17991,17071],{"class":50},[44,17993,55],{"class":54},[44,17995,3440],{"class":62},[44,17997,67],{"class":66},[44,17999,491],{"class":70},[44,18001,67],{"class":66},[44,18003,186],{"class":62},[44,18005,1438],{"class":66},[44,18007,4587],{"class":70},[44,18009,67],{"class":66},[44,18011,186],{"class":62},[44,18013,1438],{"class":66},[44,18015,9561],{"class":70},[44,18017,67],{"class":66},[44,18019,3453],{"class":62},[44,18021,18022,18024,18026,18028,18030,18032,18035,18037,18040,18042,18045],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,18023,8988],{"class":50},[44,18025,55],{"class":54},[44,18027,10313],{"class":62},[44,18029,14668],{"class":50},[44,18031,449],{"class":62},[44,18033,18034],{"class":62}," []",[44,18036,3699],{"class":1384},[44,18038,18039],{"class":50}," key ",[44,18041,3705],{"class":1384},[44,18043,18044],{"class":50}," keys",[44,18046,9130],{"class":62},[44,18048,18049],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,18050,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,18052,18053,18055,18057,18059,18061,18063,18065,18067,18069,18071],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,18054,9026],{"class":50},[44,18056,3723],{"class":62},[44,18058,67],{"class":66},[44,18060,491],{"class":70},[44,18062,67],{"class":66},[44,18064,13376],{"class":62},[44,18066,13379],{"class":97},[44,18068,63],{"class":62},[44,18070,2807],{"class":452},[44,18072,76],{"class":62},[44,18074,18075],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,18076,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,18078,18079,18081,18083,18085],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,18080,82],{"class":58},[44,18082,63],{"class":62},[44,18084,9026],{"class":97},[44,18086,76],{"class":62},[20,18088,1031],{},[35,18090,18092],{"className":37,"code":18091,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18093,18094],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18095,18096,18098,18100,18102,18104,18106,18108,18110,18112,18114,18116,18118,18120,18123,18125,18127,18129,18131],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18097,9100],{"class":62},[44,18099,476],{"class":66},[44,18101,491],{"class":70},[44,18103,476],{"class":66},[44,18105,449],{"class":62},[44,18107,3440],{"class":62},[44,18109,2807],{"class":452},[44,18111,17892],{"class":62},[44,18113,470],{"class":66},[44,18115,4587],{"class":70},[44,18117,476],{"class":66},[44,18119,449],{"class":62},[44,18121,18122],{"class":62}," [],",[44,18124,470],{"class":66},[44,18126,9561],{"class":70},[44,18128,476],{"class":66},[44,18130,449],{"class":62},[44,18132,18133],{"class":62}," []}\n",[20,18135,18136],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18138,18139],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[30,18141,4788,18143],{"id":18142},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18144,17047],{},[20,18146,18147,18149],{},[15,18148,17052],{}," is a good choice when:",[126,18151,18152,18155,18158],{},[129,18153,18154],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[129,18156,18157],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[129,18159,18160],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18162,1957],{},[35,18164,18166],{"className":37,"code":18165,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18167,18168,18213],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18169,18170,18173,18175,18177,18179,18181,18183,18185,18188,18190,18192,18194,18196,18198,18200,18202,18205,18207,18209,18211],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18171,18172],{"class":50},"flags ",[44,18174,55],{"class":54},[44,18176,8993],{"class":426},[44,18178,504],{"class":62},[44,18180,17112],{"class":97},[44,18182,2804],{"class":62},[44,18184,67],{"class":66},[44,18186,18187],{"class":70},"is_admin",[44,18189,67],{"class":66},[44,18191,186],{"class":62},[44,18193,1438],{"class":66},[44,18195,14906],{"class":70},[44,18197,67],{"class":66},[44,18199,186],{"class":62},[44,18201,1438],{"class":66},[44,18203,18204],{"class":70},"is_verified",[44,18206,67],{"class":66},[44,18208,17892],{"class":62},[44,18210,3730],{"class":3674},[44,18212,76],{"class":62},[44,18214,18215,18217,18219,18222],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,18216,82],{"class":58},[44,18218,63],{"class":62},[44,18220,18221],{"class":97},"flags",[44,18223,76],{"class":62},[35,18225,18227],{"className":37,"code":18226,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18228,18229,18274],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18230,18231,18233,18235,18237,18239,18241,18243,18245,18248,18250,18252,18254,18257,18259,18261,18263,18266,18268,18270,18272],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18232,4891],{"class":50},[44,18234,55],{"class":54},[44,18236,8993],{"class":426},[44,18238,504],{"class":62},[44,18240,17112],{"class":97},[44,18242,2804],{"class":62},[44,18244,67],{"class":66},[44,18246,18247],{"class":70},"math",[44,18249,67],{"class":66},[44,18251,186],{"class":62},[44,18253,1438],{"class":66},[44,18255,18256],{"class":70},"science",[44,18258,67],{"class":66},[44,18260,186],{"class":62},[44,18262,1438],{"class":66},[44,18264,18265],{"class":70},"history",[44,18267,67],{"class":66},[44,18269,17892],{"class":62},[44,18271,3655],{"class":452},[44,18273,76],{"class":62},[44,18275,18276,18278,18280,18282],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,18277,82],{"class":58},[44,18279,63],{"class":62},[44,18281,16217],{"class":97},[44,18283,76],{"class":62},[20,18285,18286,18287,18289],{},"It is ",[3563,18288,4457],{}," the best choice when:",[126,18291,18292,18295],{},[129,18293,18294],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[129,18296,18297],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[30,18299,18301,18303],{"id":18300},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18302,17047],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18305,18306,18308],{},[15,18307,17047],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[600,18310,8243,18312],{"id":18311},"using-fromkeys",[15,18313,17047],{},[35,18315,18317],{"className":37,"code":18316,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18318,18319,18364],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18320,18321,18323,18325,18327,18329,18331,18333,18335,18338,18340,18342,18344,18347,18349,18351,18353,18356,18358,18360,18362],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18322,13652],{"class":50},[44,18324,55],{"class":54},[44,18326,8993],{"class":426},[44,18328,504],{"class":62},[44,18330,17112],{"class":97},[44,18332,2804],{"class":62},[44,18334,67],{"class":66},[44,18336,18337],{"class":70},"sound",[44,18339,67],{"class":66},[44,18341,186],{"class":62},[44,18343,1438],{"class":66},[44,18345,18346],{"class":70},"music",[44,18348,67],{"class":66},[44,18350,186],{"class":62},[44,18352,1438],{"class":66},[44,18354,18355],{"class":70},"notifications",[44,18357,67],{"class":66},[44,18359,17892],{"class":62},[44,18361,3739],{"class":3674},[44,18363,76],{"class":62},[44,18365,18366,18368,18370,18372],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,18367,82],{"class":58},[44,18369,63],{"class":62},[44,18371,13711],{"class":97},[44,18373,76],{"class":62},[600,18375,18377],{"id":18376},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[35,18379,18381],{"className":37,"code":18380,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18382,18383,18391,18405,18419,18431,18435],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18384,18385,18387,18389],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18386,13652],{"class":50},[44,18388,55],{"class":54},[44,18390,11318],{"class":62},[44,18392,18393,18395,18397,18399,18401,18403],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,18394,11323],{"class":66},[44,18396,18337],{"class":70},[44,18398,67],{"class":66},[44,18400,449],{"class":62},[44,18402,3739],{"class":3674},[44,18404,11339],{"class":62},[44,18406,18407,18409,18411,18413,18415,18417],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,18408,11323],{"class":66},[44,18410,18346],{"class":70},[44,18412,67],{"class":66},[44,18414,449],{"class":62},[44,18416,3730],{"class":3674},[44,18418,11339],{"class":62},[44,18420,18421,18423,18425,18427,18429],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,18422,11323],{"class":66},[44,18424,18355],{"class":70},[44,18426,67],{"class":66},[44,18428,449],{"class":62},[44,18430,6252],{"class":3674},[44,18432,18433],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,18434,9130],{"class":62},[44,18436,18437,18439,18441,18443],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,18438,82],{"class":58},[44,18440,63],{"class":62},[44,18442,13711],{"class":97},[44,18444,76],{"class":62},[20,18446,18447],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[600,18449,18451],{"id":18450},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[35,18453,18455],{"className":37,"code":18454,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18456,18457,18489,18513],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18458,18459,18461,18463,18465,18467,18469,18471,18473,18475,18477,18479,18481,18483,18485,18487],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18460,17071],{"class":50},[44,18462,55],{"class":54},[44,18464,3440],{"class":62},[44,18466,67],{"class":66},[44,18468,491],{"class":70},[44,18470,67],{"class":66},[44,18472,186],{"class":62},[44,18474,1438],{"class":66},[44,18476,4587],{"class":70},[44,18478,67],{"class":66},[44,18480,186],{"class":62},[44,18482,1438],{"class":66},[44,18484,9561],{"class":70},[44,18486,67],{"class":66},[44,18488,3453],{"class":62},[44,18490,18491,18493,18495,18497,18499,18501,18503,18505,18507,18509,18511],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,18492,8988],{"class":50},[44,18494,55],{"class":54},[44,18496,10313],{"class":62},[44,18498,14668],{"class":50},[44,18500,449],{"class":62},[44,18502,18034],{"class":62},[44,18504,3699],{"class":1384},[44,18506,18039],{"class":50},[44,18508,3705],{"class":1384},[44,18510,18044],{"class":50},[44,18512,9130],{"class":62},[44,18514,18515,18517,18519,18521],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,18516,82],{"class":58},[44,18518,63],{"class":62},[44,18520,9026],{"class":97},[44,18522,76],{"class":62},[20,18524,18525],{},"Use:",[126,18527,18528,18533,18536],{},[129,18529,18530,18532],{},[15,18531,17047],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[129,18534,18535],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[129,18537,18538],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18540,18541,18542,504],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[491,18543,10560,18544,10564],{"href":13859},[15,18545,14781],{},[30,18547,1486],{"id":1485},[20,18549,14560,18550,504],{},[15,18551,17052],{},[600,18553,18555],{"id":18554},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[35,18557,18559],{"className":37,"code":18558,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18560,18561,18594,18617],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18562,18563,18566,18568,18570,18572,18574,18576,18578,18580,18582,18584,18586,18588,18590,18592],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18564,18565],{"class":50},"d ",[44,18567,55],{"class":54},[44,18569,8993],{"class":426},[44,18571,504],{"class":62},[44,18573,17112],{"class":97},[44,18575,2804],{"class":62},[44,18577,67],{"class":66},[44,18579,491],{"class":70},[44,18581,67],{"class":66},[44,18583,186],{"class":62},[44,18585,1438],{"class":66},[44,18587,4587],{"class":70},[44,18589,67],{"class":66},[44,18591,17892],{"class":62},[44,18593,17826],{"class":62},[44,18595,18596,18599,18601,18603,18605,18607,18609,18611,18613,18615],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,18597,18598],{"class":50},"d",[44,18600,3723],{"class":62},[44,18602,67],{"class":66},[44,18604,491],{"class":70},[44,18606,67],{"class":66},[44,18608,13376],{"class":62},[44,18610,13379],{"class":97},[44,18612,63],{"class":62},[44,18614,2807],{"class":452},[44,18616,76],{"class":62},[44,18618,18619,18621,18623,18625],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,18620,82],{"class":58},[44,18622,63],{"class":62},[44,18624,18598],{"class":97},[44,18626,76],{"class":62},[20,18628,1031],{},[35,18630,18632],{"className":37,"code":18631,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18633,18634],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18635,18636,18638,18640,18642,18644,18646,18648,18650,18652,18654,18656,18658,18660,18662,18664],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18637,9100],{"class":62},[44,18639,476],{"class":66},[44,18641,491],{"class":70},[44,18643,476],{"class":66},[44,18645,449],{"class":62},[44,18647,3440],{"class":62},[44,18649,2807],{"class":452},[44,18651,17892],{"class":62},[44,18653,470],{"class":66},[44,18655,4587],{"class":70},[44,18657,476],{"class":66},[44,18659,449],{"class":62},[44,18661,3440],{"class":62},[44,18663,2807],{"class":452},[44,18665,13532],{"class":62},[20,18667,18668],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18670,18671],{},"Use this instead:",[35,18673,18675],{"className":37,"code":18674,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18676,18677,18701,18725],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18678,18679,18681,18683,18685,18687,18689,18691,18693,18695,18697,18699],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18680,17071],{"class":50},[44,18682,55],{"class":54},[44,18684,3440],{"class":62},[44,18686,67],{"class":66},[44,18688,491],{"class":70},[44,18690,67],{"class":66},[44,18692,186],{"class":62},[44,18694,1438],{"class":66},[44,18696,4587],{"class":70},[44,18698,67],{"class":66},[44,18700,3453],{"class":62},[44,18702,18703,18705,18707,18709,18711,18713,18715,18717,18719,18721,18723],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,18704,18565],{"class":50},[44,18706,55],{"class":54},[44,18708,10313],{"class":62},[44,18710,14668],{"class":50},[44,18712,449],{"class":62},[44,18714,18034],{"class":62},[44,18716,3699],{"class":1384},[44,18718,18039],{"class":50},[44,18720,3705],{"class":1384},[44,18722,18044],{"class":50},[44,18724,9130],{"class":62},[44,18726,18727,18729,18731,18733],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,18728,82],{"class":58},[44,18730,63],{"class":62},[44,18732,18598],{"class":97},[44,18734,76],{"class":62},[600,18736,18738,18739,18741],{"id":18737},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18740,17047],{}," on a list",[20,18743,18744],{},"Wrong idea:",[35,18746,18748],{"className":37,"code":18747,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18749,18750,18782],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18751,18752,18754,18756,18758,18760,18762,18764,18766,18768,18770,18772,18774,18776,18778,18780],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18753,17071],{"class":50},[44,18755,55],{"class":54},[44,18757,3440],{"class":62},[44,18759,67],{"class":66},[44,18761,491],{"class":70},[44,18763,67],{"class":66},[44,18765,186],{"class":62},[44,18767,1438],{"class":66},[44,18769,4587],{"class":70},[44,18771,67],{"class":66},[44,18773,186],{"class":62},[44,18775,1438],{"class":66},[44,18777,9561],{"class":70},[44,18779,67],{"class":66},[44,18781,3453],{"class":62},[44,18783,18784],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,18785,18786],{"class":3483},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,18788,18789,18791,18792,1134,18794,504],{},[15,18790,17047],{}," belongs to ",[15,18793,8646],{},[15,18795,7921],{},[20,18797,18798],{},"Correct usage:",[35,18800,18802],{"className":37,"code":18801,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18803,18804,18836,18858],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18805,18806,18808,18810,18812,18814,18816,18818,18820,18822,18824,18826,18828,18830,18832,18834],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18807,17071],{"class":50},[44,18809,55],{"class":54},[44,18811,3440],{"class":62},[44,18813,67],{"class":66},[44,18815,491],{"class":70},[44,18817,67],{"class":66},[44,18819,186],{"class":62},[44,18821,1438],{"class":66},[44,18823,4587],{"class":70},[44,18825,67],{"class":66},[44,18827,186],{"class":62},[44,18829,1438],{"class":66},[44,18831,9561],{"class":70},[44,18833,67],{"class":66},[44,18835,3453],{"class":62},[44,18837,18838,18840,18842,18844,18846,18848,18850,18852,18854,18856],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,18839,18565],{"class":50},[44,18841,55],{"class":54},[44,18843,8993],{"class":426},[44,18845,504],{"class":62},[44,18847,17112],{"class":97},[44,18849,63],{"class":62},[44,18851,16752],{"class":97},[44,18853,186],{"class":62},[44,18855,3655],{"class":452},[44,18857,76],{"class":62},[44,18859,18860,18862,18864,18866],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,18861,82],{"class":58},[44,18863,63],{"class":62},[44,18865,18598],{"class":97},[44,18867,76],{"class":62},[600,18869,8279,18871,18873],{"id":18870},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18872,17047],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,18875,18876,18878],{},[15,18877,17052],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[35,18880,18882],{"className":37,"code":18881,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,18883,18884,18904,18938,18942,18952],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18885,18886,18888,18890,18892,18894,18896,18898,18900,18902],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18887,11911],{"class":50},[44,18889,55],{"class":54},[44,18891,10313],{"class":62},[44,18893,67],{"class":66},[44,18895,2003],{"class":70},[44,18897,67],{"class":66},[44,18899,449],{"class":62},[44,18901,711],{"class":452},[44,18903,9130],{"class":62},[44,18905,18906,18908,18910,18912,18914,18916,18918,18920,18922,18924,18926,18928,18930,18932,18934,18936],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,18907,12863],{"class":50},[44,18909,55],{"class":54},[44,18911,8993],{"class":426},[44,18913,504],{"class":62},[44,18915,17112],{"class":97},[44,18917,2804],{"class":62},[44,18919,67],{"class":66},[44,18921,491],{"class":70},[44,18923,67],{"class":66},[44,18925,186],{"class":62},[44,18927,1438],{"class":66},[44,18929,4587],{"class":70},[44,18931,67],{"class":66},[44,18933,17892],{"class":62},[44,18935,3655],{"class":452},[44,18937,76],{"class":62},[44,18939,18940],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,18941,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,18943,18944,18946,18948,18950],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,18945,82],{"class":58},[44,18947,63],{"class":62},[44,18949,11958],{"class":97},[44,18951,76],{"class":62},[44,18953,18954,18956,18958,18961],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,18955,82],{"class":58},[44,18957,63],{"class":62},[44,18959,18960],{"class":97},"new_dict",[44,18962,76],{"class":62},[20,18964,1031],{},[35,18966,18968],{"className":37,"code":18967,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,18969,18970,18986],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18971,18972,18974,18976,18978,18980,18982,18984],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18973,9100],{"class":62},[44,18975,476],{"class":66},[44,18977,2003],{"class":70},[44,18979,476],{"class":66},[44,18981,449],{"class":62},[44,18983,711],{"class":452},[44,18985,9130],{"class":62},[44,18987,18988,18990,18992,18994,18996,18998,19000,19002,19004,19006,19008,19010,19012],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,18989,9100],{"class":62},[44,18991,476],{"class":66},[44,18993,491],{"class":70},[44,18995,476],{"class":66},[44,18997,449],{"class":62},[44,18999,3655],{"class":452},[44,19001,186],{"class":62},[44,19003,470],{"class":66},[44,19005,4587],{"class":70},[44,19007,476],{"class":66},[44,19009,449],{"class":62},[44,19011,3655],{"class":452},[44,19013,9130],{"class":62},[20,19015,19016,19017,504],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[491,19018,10560,19019,10564],{"href":13859},[15,19020,14781],{},[600,19022,19024,19025],{"id":19023},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19026,3599],{},[35,19028,19030],{"className":37,"code":19029,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19031,19032,19062],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19033,19034,19036,19038,19040,19042,19044,19046,19048,19050,19052,19054,19056,19058,19060],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19035,18565],{"class":50},[44,19037,55],{"class":54},[44,19039,8993],{"class":426},[44,19041,504],{"class":62},[44,19043,17112],{"class":97},[44,19045,2804],{"class":62},[44,19047,67],{"class":66},[44,19049,2003],{"class":70},[44,19051,67],{"class":66},[44,19053,186],{"class":62},[44,19055,1438],{"class":66},[44,19057,11570],{"class":70},[44,19059,67],{"class":66},[44,19061,3711],{"class":62},[44,19063,19064,19066,19068,19070],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,19065,82],{"class":58},[44,19067,63],{"class":62},[44,19069,18598],{"class":97},[44,19071,76],{"class":62},[20,19073,1031],{},[35,19075,19077],{"className":37,"code":19076,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19078,19079],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19080,19081,19083,19085,19087,19089,19091,19093,19095,19097,19099,19101,19103,19105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19082,9100],{"class":62},[44,19084,476],{"class":66},[44,19086,2003],{"class":70},[44,19088,476],{"class":66},[44,19090,449],{"class":62},[44,19092,3675],{"class":3674},[44,19094,186],{"class":62},[44,19096,470],{"class":66},[44,19098,11570],{"class":70},[44,19100,476],{"class":66},[44,19102,449],{"class":62},[44,19104,3675],{"class":3674},[44,19106,9130],{"class":62},[20,19108,19109,19110,504],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19111,3599],{},[30,19113,19115],{"id":19114},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19117,19118,19119,19121],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19120,17047],{}," works.",[35,19123,19125],{"className":37,"code":19124,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19126,19127],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19128,19129,19131,19133,19135,19137,19139,19141,19143,19145,19147,19149,19151,19153,19155,19157,19159],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19130,82],{"class":58},[44,19132,63],{"class":62},[44,19134,8646],{"class":426},[44,19136,504],{"class":62},[44,19138,17112],{"class":97},[44,19140,2804],{"class":62},[44,19142,67],{"class":66},[44,19144,491],{"class":70},[44,19146,67],{"class":66},[44,19148,186],{"class":62},[44,19150,1438],{"class":66},[44,19152,4587],{"class":70},[44,19154,67],{"class":66},[44,19156,17892],{"class":62},[44,19158,3655],{"class":452},[44,19160,434],{"class":62},[35,19162,19163],{"className":37,"code":19029,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,19164,19165,19195],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19166,19167,19169,19171,19173,19175,19177,19179,19181,19183,19185,19187,19189,19191,19193],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19168,18565],{"class":50},[44,19170,55],{"class":54},[44,19172,8993],{"class":426},[44,19174,504],{"class":62},[44,19176,17112],{"class":97},[44,19178,2804],{"class":62},[44,19180,67],{"class":66},[44,19182,2003],{"class":70},[44,19184,67],{"class":66},[44,19186,186],{"class":62},[44,19188,1438],{"class":66},[44,19190,11570],{"class":70},[44,19192,67],{"class":66},[44,19194,3711],{"class":62},[44,19196,19197,19199,19201,19203],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,19198,82],{"class":58},[44,19200,63],{"class":62},[44,19202,18598],{"class":97},[44,19204,76],{"class":62},[35,19206,19207],{"className":37,"code":18558,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,19208,19209,19241,19263],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19210,19211,19213,19215,19217,19219,19221,19223,19225,19227,19229,19231,19233,19235,19237,19239],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19212,18565],{"class":50},[44,19214,55],{"class":54},[44,19216,8993],{"class":426},[44,19218,504],{"class":62},[44,19220,17112],{"class":97},[44,19222,2804],{"class":62},[44,19224,67],{"class":66},[44,19226,491],{"class":70},[44,19228,67],{"class":66},[44,19230,186],{"class":62},[44,19232,1438],{"class":66},[44,19234,4587],{"class":70},[44,19236,67],{"class":66},[44,19238,17892],{"class":62},[44,19240,17826],{"class":62},[44,19242,19243,19245,19247,19249,19251,19253,19255,19257,19259,19261],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,19244,18598],{"class":50},[44,19246,3723],{"class":62},[44,19248,67],{"class":66},[44,19250,491],{"class":70},[44,19252,67],{"class":66},[44,19254,13376],{"class":62},[44,19256,13379],{"class":97},[44,19258,63],{"class":62},[44,19260,2807],{"class":452},[44,19262,76],{"class":62},[44,19264,19265,19267,19269,19271],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,19266,82],{"class":58},[44,19268,63],{"class":62},[44,19270,18598],{"class":97},[44,19272,76],{"class":62},[35,19274,19276],{"className":37,"code":19275,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19277,19278],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19279,19280,19282,19284,19286,19288,19290,19292,19294,19296,19298,19300,19302,19304,19306,19308,19310,19312,19314],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19281,82],{"class":58},[44,19283,63],{"class":62},[44,19285,427],{"class":426},[44,19287,63],{"class":62},[44,19289,8646],{"class":426},[44,19291,504],{"class":62},[44,19293,17112],{"class":97},[44,19295,2804],{"class":62},[44,19297,2807],{"class":452},[44,19299,186],{"class":62},[44,19301,2812],{"class":452},[44,19303,186],{"class":62},[44,19305,2282],{"class":452},[44,19307,17892],{"class":62},[44,19309,1438],{"class":66},[44,19311,354],{"class":70},[44,19313,67],{"class":66},[44,19315,2731],{"class":62},[30,19317,1651],{"id":1650},[600,19319,1655,19321,19323],{"id":19320},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19322,17047],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19325,19326],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[600,19328,19330],{"id":19329},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19332,19333,19334,504],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19335,3599],{},[600,19337,19339],{"id":19338},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19341,19342],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[600,19344,19346],{"id":19345},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19348,17982],{},[35,19350,19352],{"className":37,"code":19351,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19353,19354,19386],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19355,19356,19358,19360,19362,19364,19366,19368,19370,19372,19374,19376,19378,19380,19382,19384],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19357,17071],{"class":50},[44,19359,55],{"class":54},[44,19361,3440],{"class":62},[44,19363,67],{"class":66},[44,19365,491],{"class":70},[44,19367,67],{"class":66},[44,19369,186],{"class":62},[44,19371,1438],{"class":66},[44,19373,4587],{"class":70},[44,19375,67],{"class":66},[44,19377,186],{"class":62},[44,19379,1438],{"class":66},[44,19381,9561],{"class":70},[44,19383,67],{"class":66},[44,19385,3453],{"class":62},[44,19387,19388,19390,19392,19394,19396,19398,19400,19402,19404,19406,19408],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,19389,8988],{"class":50},[44,19391,55],{"class":54},[44,19393,10313],{"class":62},[44,19395,14668],{"class":50},[44,19397,449],{"class":62},[44,19399,18034],{"class":62},[44,19401,3699],{"class":1384},[44,19403,18039],{"class":50},[44,19405,3705],{"class":1384},[44,19407,18044],{"class":50},[44,19409,9130],{"class":62},[30,19411,1719],{"id":1718},[126,19413,19414,19418,19422,19426,19432],{},[129,19415,19416],{},[491,19417,11067],{"href":12851},[129,19419,19420],{},[491,19421,8978],{"href":12848},[129,19423,19424],{},[491,19425,11076],{"href":17733},[129,19427,19428],{},[491,19429,10560,19430,10564],{"href":13859},[15,19431,14781],{},[129,19433,19434],{},[491,19435,10560,19436,10564],{"href":14826},[15,19437,12601],{},[20,19439,103,19440,19442],{},[15,19441,17052],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1758,19444,19445],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":19447},[19448,19449,19451,19455,19456,19458,19463,19465,19472,19481,19482,19489],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":17152,"depth":79,"text":19450},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17196,"depth":79,"text":17197,"children":19452},[19453,19454],{"id":17223,"depth":419,"text":17224},{"id":17247,"depth":419,"text":17248},{"id":5615,"depth":79,"text":5616},{"id":17408,"depth":79,"text":19457},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17737,"depth":79,"text":17738,"children":19459},[19460,19461,19462],{"id":17767,"depth":419,"text":17768},{"id":17930,"depth":419,"text":17931},{"id":17978,"depth":419,"text":17979},{"id":18142,"depth":79,"text":19464},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18300,"depth":79,"text":19466,"children":19467},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19468,19470,19471],{"id":18311,"depth":419,"text":19469},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18376,"depth":419,"text":18377},{"id":18450,"depth":419,"text":18451},{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486,"children":19473},[19474,19475,19477,19479],{"id":18554,"depth":419,"text":18555},{"id":18737,"depth":419,"text":19476},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18870,"depth":419,"text":19478},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19023,"depth":419,"text":19480},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19114,"depth":79,"text":19115},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":19483},[19484,19486,19487,19488],{"id":19320,"depth":419,"text":19485},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19329,"depth":419,"text":19330},{"id":19338,"depth":419,"text":19339},{"id":19345,"depth":419,"text":19346},{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17039,"description":19490},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19497,"title":19498,"body":19499,"description":21327,"extension":1796,"meta":21328,"navigation":807,"path":21329,"seo":21330,"stem":21331,"__hash__":21332},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19500,"toc":21294},[19501,19506,19512,19523,19653,19660,19665,19669,19685,19687,19785,19787,19804,19808,19810,19815,19853,19856,19873,19875,19993,19998,20002,20018,20021,20157,20160,20165,20171,20174,20211,20214,20218,20223,20299,20303,20308,20390,20392,20408,20413,20417,20423,20492,20495,20512,20515,20597,20603,20606,20626,20630,20635,20641,20647,20718,20721,20727,20730,20804,20811,20817,20825,20835,20837,20932,20938,20943,21030,21036,21038,21043,21065,21068,21163,21166,21197,21210,21212,21220,21226,21232,21235,21241,21246,21253,21258,21260,21291],[10,19502,11143,19504,11147],{"id":19503},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19505,10563],{},[20,19507,19508,19509,19511],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19510,10563],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19513,19514,19515,2018,19518,2228,19520,19522],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19516,19517],{},"KeyError",[15,19519,10563],{},[15,19521,3599],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[35,19524,19526],{"className":37,"code":19525,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19527,19528,19564,19568,19594,19619],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19529,19530,19532,19534,19536,19538,19540,19542,19544,19546,19548,19550,19552,19554,19556,19558,19560,19562],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19531,13030],{"class":50},[44,19533,55],{"class":54},[44,19535,10313],{"class":62},[44,19537,67],{"class":66},[44,19539,652],{"class":70},[44,19541,67],{"class":66},[44,19543,449],{"class":62},[44,19545,1438],{"class":66},[44,19547,12705],{"class":70},[44,19549,67],{"class":66},[44,19551,186],{"class":62},[44,19553,1438],{"class":66},[44,19555,414],{"class":70},[44,19557,67],{"class":66},[44,19559,449],{"class":62},[44,19561,9127],{"class":452},[44,19563,9130],{"class":62},[44,19565,19566],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,19567,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,19569,19570,19572,19574,19576,19578,19581,19583,19585,19587,19589,19591],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,19571,82],{"class":58},[44,19573,63],{"class":62},[44,19575,17136],{"class":97},[44,19577,504],{"class":62},[44,19579,19580],{"class":97},"get",[44,19582,63],{"class":62},[44,19584,67],{"class":66},[44,19586,652],{"class":70},[44,19588,67],{"class":66},[44,19590,5190],{"class":62},[44,19592,19593],{"class":3483},"           # Ana\n",[44,19595,19596,19598,19600,19602,19604,19606,19608,19610,19612,19614,19616],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,19597,82],{"class":58},[44,19599,63],{"class":62},[44,19601,17136],{"class":97},[44,19603,504],{"class":62},[44,19605,19580],{"class":97},[44,19607,63],{"class":62},[44,19609,67],{"class":66},[44,19611,10231],{"class":70},[44,19613,67],{"class":66},[44,19615,5190],{"class":62},[44,19617,19618],{"class":3483},"           # None\n",[44,19620,19621,19623,19625,19627,19629,19631,19633,19635,19637,19639,19641,19643,19646,19648,19650],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,19622,82],{"class":58},[44,19624,63],{"class":62},[44,19626,17136],{"class":97},[44,19628,504],{"class":62},[44,19630,19580],{"class":97},[44,19632,63],{"class":62},[44,19634,67],{"class":66},[44,19636,10231],{"class":70},[44,19638,67],{"class":66},[44,19640,186],{"class":62},[44,19642,1438],{"class":66},[44,19644,19645],{"class":70},"N\u002FA",[44,19647,67],{"class":66},[44,19649,5190],{"class":62},[44,19651,19652],{"class":3483},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19654,103,19655,19657,19658,504],{},[15,19656,10563],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19659,19517],{},[30,19661,113,19663,116],{"id":19662},"what-get-does",[15,19664,10563],{},[20,19666,22,19667,11238],{},[15,19668,10563],{},[126,19670,19671,19674,19679,19682],{},[129,19672,19673],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[129,19675,11249,19676,19678],{},[15,19677,3599],{}," if the key does not exist",[129,19680,19681],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[129,19683,19684],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19686,145],{},[35,19688,19690],{"className":37,"code":19689,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19691,19692,19731,19735,19760],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19693,19694,19696,19698,19700,19702,19704,19706,19708,19710,19713,19715,19717,19719,19722,19724,19726,19729],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19695,12688],{"class":50},[44,19697,55],{"class":54},[44,19699,10313],{"class":62},[44,19701,67],{"class":66},[44,19703,652],{"class":70},[44,19705,67],{"class":66},[44,19707,449],{"class":62},[44,19709,1438],{"class":66},[44,19711,19712],{"class":70},"Lina",[44,19714,67],{"class":66},[44,19716,186],{"class":62},[44,19718,1438],{"class":66},[44,19720,19721],{"class":70},"grade",[44,19723,67],{"class":66},[44,19725,449],{"class":62},[44,19727,19728],{"class":452}," 90",[44,19730,9130],{"class":62},[44,19732,19733],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,19734,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,19736,19737,19739,19741,19743,19745,19747,19749,19751,19753,19755,19757],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,19738,82],{"class":58},[44,19740,63],{"class":62},[44,19742,13452],{"class":97},[44,19744,504],{"class":62},[44,19746,19580],{"class":97},[44,19748,63],{"class":62},[44,19750,67],{"class":66},[44,19752,652],{"class":70},[44,19754,67],{"class":66},[44,19756,5190],{"class":62},[44,19758,19759],{"class":3483},"     # Lina\n",[44,19761,19762,19764,19766,19768,19770,19772,19774,19776,19778,19780,19782],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,19763,82],{"class":58},[44,19765,63],{"class":62},[44,19767,13452],{"class":97},[44,19769,504],{"class":62},[44,19771,19580],{"class":97},[44,19773,63],{"class":62},[44,19775,67],{"class":66},[44,19777,15086],{"class":70},[44,19779,67],{"class":66},[44,19781,5190],{"class":62},[44,19783,19784],{"class":3483},"    # None\n",[20,19786,228],{},[126,19788,19789,19794],{},[129,19790,19791,19793],{},[15,19792,15067],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[129,19795,19796,19799,19800,2228,19802],{},[15,19797,19798],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,19801,10563],{},[15,19803,3599],{},[20,19805,12845,19806,504],{},[491,19807,8978],{"href":8977},[30,19809,250],{"id":249},[20,19811,19812,19813,449],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,19814,10563],{},[35,19816,19818],{"className":37,"code":19817,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,19819,19820,19834],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19821,19822,19824,19826,19828,19830,19832],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19823,15432],{"class":50},[44,19825,504],{"class":62},[44,19827,19580],{"class":97},[44,19829,63],{"class":62},[44,19831,14668],{"class":97},[44,19833,76],{"class":62},[44,19835,19836,19838,19840,19842,19844,19846,19848,19851],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,19837,15432],{"class":50},[44,19839,504],{"class":62},[44,19841,19580],{"class":97},[44,19843,63],{"class":62},[44,19845,14668],{"class":97},[44,19847,186],{"class":62},[44,19849,19850],{"class":97}," default_value",[44,19852,76],{"class":62},[20,19854,19855],{},"What each part means:",[126,19857,19858,19863,19868],{},[129,19859,19860,19862],{},[15,19861,14668],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[129,19864,19865,280],{},[15,19866,19867],{},"default_value",[129,19869,19870,19871],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,19872,3599],{},[20,19874,145],{},[35,19876,19878],{"className":37,"code":19877,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,19879,19880,19904,19908,19933,19959],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19881,19882,19884,19886,19888,19890,19892,19894,19896,19898,19900,19902],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19883,13652],{"class":50},[44,19885,55],{"class":54},[44,19887,10313],{"class":62},[44,19889,67],{"class":66},[44,19891,12319],{"class":70},[44,19893,67],{"class":66},[44,19895,449],{"class":62},[44,19897,1438],{"class":66},[44,19899,12328],{"class":70},[44,19901,67],{"class":66},[44,19903,9130],{"class":62},[44,19905,19906],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,19907,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,19909,19910,19912,19914,19916,19918,19920,19922,19924,19926,19928,19930],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,19911,82],{"class":58},[44,19913,63],{"class":62},[44,19915,13711],{"class":97},[44,19917,504],{"class":62},[44,19919,19580],{"class":97},[44,19921,63],{"class":62},[44,19923,67],{"class":66},[44,19925,12319],{"class":70},[44,19927,67],{"class":66},[44,19929,5190],{"class":62},[44,19931,19932],{"class":3483},"            # dark\n",[44,19934,19935,19937,19939,19941,19943,19945,19947,19949,19952,19954,19956],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,19936,82],{"class":58},[44,19938,63],{"class":62},[44,19940,13711],{"class":97},[44,19942,504],{"class":62},[44,19944,19580],{"class":97},[44,19946,63],{"class":62},[44,19948,67],{"class":66},[44,19950,19951],{"class":70},"language",[44,19953,67],{"class":66},[44,19955,5190],{"class":62},[44,19957,19958],{"class":3483},"         # None\n",[44,19960,19961,19963,19965,19967,19969,19971,19973,19975,19977,19979,19981,19983,19986,19988,19990],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,19962,82],{"class":58},[44,19964,63],{"class":62},[44,19966,13711],{"class":97},[44,19968,504],{"class":62},[44,19970,19580],{"class":97},[44,19972,63],{"class":62},[44,19974,67],{"class":66},[44,19976,19951],{"class":70},[44,19978,67],{"class":66},[44,19980,186],{"class":62},[44,19982,1438],{"class":66},[44,19984,19985],{"class":70},"en",[44,19987,67],{"class":66},[44,19989,5190],{"class":62},[44,19991,19992],{"class":3483},"   # en\n",[30,19994,4788,19996],{"id":19995},"when-to-use-get",[15,19997,10563],{},[20,19999,103,20000,10424],{},[15,20001,10563],{},[126,20003,20004,20007,20012,20015],{},[129,20005,20006],{},"A key might not exist",[129,20008,20009,20010],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20011,19517],{},[129,20013,20014],{},"You are reading optional data",[129,20016,20017],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20019,20020],{},"Example with optional user data:",[35,20022,20024],{"className":37,"code":20023,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20025,20026,20068,20072,20097,20123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20027,20028,20030,20032,20034,20036,20038,20040,20042,20044,20047,20049,20051,20053,20055,20057,20059,20061,20064,20066],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20029,11313],{"class":50},[44,20031,55],{"class":54},[44,20033,10313],{"class":62},[44,20035,67],{"class":66},[44,20037,323],{"class":70},[44,20039,67],{"class":66},[44,20041,449],{"class":62},[44,20043,1438],{"class":66},[44,20045,20046],{"class":70},"sam",[44,20048,67],{"class":66},[44,20050,186],{"class":62},[44,20052,1438],{"class":66},[44,20054,15086],{"class":70},[44,20056,67],{"class":66},[44,20058,449],{"class":62},[44,20060,1438],{"class":66},[44,20062,20063],{"class":70},"sam@example.com",[44,20065,67],{"class":66},[44,20067,9130],{"class":62},[44,20069,20070],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,20071,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,20073,20074,20076,20078,20080,20082,20084,20086,20088,20090,20092,20094],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,20075,82],{"class":58},[44,20077,63],{"class":62},[44,20079,11407],{"class":97},[44,20081,504],{"class":62},[44,20083,19580],{"class":97},[44,20085,63],{"class":62},[44,20087,67],{"class":66},[44,20089,323],{"class":70},[44,20091,67],{"class":66},[44,20093,5190],{"class":62},[44,20095,20096],{"class":3483},"              # sam\n",[44,20098,20099,20101,20103,20105,20107,20109,20111,20113,20116,20118,20120],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,20100,82],{"class":58},[44,20102,63],{"class":62},[44,20104,11407],{"class":97},[44,20106,504],{"class":62},[44,20108,19580],{"class":97},[44,20110,63],{"class":62},[44,20112,67],{"class":66},[44,20114,20115],{"class":70},"phone",[44,20117,67],{"class":66},[44,20119,5190],{"class":62},[44,20121,20122],{"class":3483},"                 # None\n",[44,20124,20125,20127,20129,20131,20133,20135,20137,20139,20141,20143,20145,20147,20150,20152,20154],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,20126,82],{"class":58},[44,20128,63],{"class":62},[44,20130,11407],{"class":97},[44,20132,504],{"class":62},[44,20134,19580],{"class":97},[44,20136,63],{"class":62},[44,20138,67],{"class":66},[44,20140,20115],{"class":70},[44,20142,67],{"class":66},[44,20144,186],{"class":62},[44,20146,1438],{"class":66},[44,20148,20149],{"class":70},"Not provided",[44,20151,67],{"class":66},[44,20153,5190],{"class":62},[44,20155,20156],{"class":3483}," # Not provided\n",[20,20158,20159],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20161,20162,20163,504],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[491,20164,16426],{"href":16425},[30,20166,20168,20170],{"id":20167},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20169,10563],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20172,20173],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[35,20175,20177],{"className":37,"code":20176,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20178,20179,20193],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20180,20181,20183,20185,20187,20189,20191],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20182,9026],{"class":50},[44,20184,3723],{"class":62},[44,20186,67],{"class":66},[44,20188,14668],{"class":70},[44,20190,67],{"class":66},[44,20192,3453],{"class":62},[44,20194,20195,20197,20199,20201,20203,20205,20207,20209],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,20196,9026],{"class":50},[44,20198,504],{"class":62},[44,20200,19580],{"class":97},[44,20202,63],{"class":62},[44,20204,67],{"class":66},[44,20206,14668],{"class":70},[44,20208,67],{"class":66},[44,20210,76],{"class":62},[20,20212,20213],{},"The difference is important.",[600,20215,20217],{"id":20216},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20219,20220,20221,504],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20222,19517],{},[35,20224,20226],{"className":37,"code":20225,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20227,20228,20252,20256,20278],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20229,20230,20232,20234,20236,20238,20240,20242,20244,20246,20248,20250],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20231,8988],{"class":50},[44,20233,55],{"class":54},[44,20235,10313],{"class":62},[44,20237,67],{"class":66},[44,20239,652],{"class":70},[44,20241,67],{"class":66},[44,20243,449],{"class":62},[44,20245,1438],{"class":66},[44,20247,12705],{"class":70},[44,20249,67],{"class":66},[44,20251,9130],{"class":62},[44,20253,20254],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,20255,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,20257,20258,20260,20262,20264,20266,20268,20270,20272,20275],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,20259,82],{"class":58},[44,20261,63],{"class":62},[44,20263,9026],{"class":97},[44,20265,3723],{"class":62},[44,20267,67],{"class":66},[44,20269,652],{"class":70},[44,20271,67],{"class":66},[44,20273,20274],{"class":62},"])",[44,20276,20277],{"class":3483},"   # Ana\n",[44,20279,20280,20282,20284,20286,20288,20290,20292,20294,20296],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,20281,82],{"class":58},[44,20283,63],{"class":62},[44,20285,9026],{"class":97},[44,20287,3723],{"class":62},[44,20289,67],{"class":66},[44,20291,10231],{"class":70},[44,20293,67],{"class":66},[44,20295,20274],{"class":62},[44,20297,20298],{"class":3483},"   # KeyError\n",[600,20300,20301],{"id":19580},[15,20302,10563],{},[20,20304,20305,20307],{},[15,20306,10563],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[35,20309,20311],{"className":37,"code":20310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20312,20313,20337,20341,20365],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20314,20315,20317,20319,20321,20323,20325,20327,20329,20331,20333,20335],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20316,8988],{"class":50},[44,20318,55],{"class":54},[44,20320,10313],{"class":62},[44,20322,67],{"class":66},[44,20324,652],{"class":70},[44,20326,67],{"class":66},[44,20328,449],{"class":62},[44,20330,1438],{"class":66},[44,20332,12705],{"class":70},[44,20334,67],{"class":66},[44,20336,9130],{"class":62},[44,20338,20339],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,20340,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,20342,20343,20345,20347,20349,20351,20353,20355,20357,20359,20361,20363],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,20344,82],{"class":58},[44,20346,63],{"class":62},[44,20348,9026],{"class":97},[44,20350,504],{"class":62},[44,20352,19580],{"class":97},[44,20354,63],{"class":62},[44,20356,67],{"class":66},[44,20358,652],{"class":70},[44,20360,67],{"class":66},[44,20362,5190],{"class":62},[44,20364,20277],{"class":3483},[44,20366,20367,20369,20371,20373,20375,20377,20379,20381,20383,20385,20387],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,20368,82],{"class":58},[44,20370,63],{"class":62},[44,20372,9026],{"class":97},[44,20374,504],{"class":62},[44,20376,19580],{"class":97},[44,20378,63],{"class":62},[44,20380,67],{"class":66},[44,20382,10231],{"class":70},[44,20384,67],{"class":66},[44,20386,5190],{"class":62},[44,20388,20389],{"class":3483},"   # None\n",[20,20391,18525],{},[126,20393,20394,20400],{},[129,20395,20396,20397],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[3563,20398,20399],{},"must exist",[129,20401,20402,20404,20405],{},[15,20403,10563],{}," when the key is ",[3563,20406,20407],{},"optional",[20,20409,20410,20411,504],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[491,20412,11087],{"href":10898},[30,20414,20416],{"id":20415},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20418,20419,20420,20422],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20421,10563],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[35,20424,20426],{"className":37,"code":20425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20427,20428,20453,20457],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20429,20430,20433,20435,20437,20439,20441,20443,20445,20447,20449,20451],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20431,20432],{"class":50},"profile ",[44,20434,55],{"class":54},[44,20436,10313],{"class":62},[44,20438,67],{"class":66},[44,20440,652],{"class":70},[44,20442,67],{"class":66},[44,20444,449],{"class":62},[44,20446,1438],{"class":66},[44,20448,7751],{"class":70},[44,20450,67],{"class":66},[44,20452,9130],{"class":62},[44,20454,20455],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,20456,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,20458,20459,20461,20463,20466,20468,20470,20472,20474,20476,20478,20480,20482,20485,20487,20489],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,20460,82],{"class":58},[44,20462,63],{"class":62},[44,20464,20465],{"class":97},"profile",[44,20467,504],{"class":62},[44,20469,19580],{"class":97},[44,20471,63],{"class":62},[44,20473,67],{"class":66},[44,20475,15089],{"class":70},[44,20477,67],{"class":66},[44,20479,186],{"class":62},[44,20481,1438],{"class":66},[44,20483,20484],{"class":70},"Unknown",[44,20486,67],{"class":66},[44,20488,5190],{"class":62},[44,20490,20491],{"class":3483},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20493,20494],{},"This is useful for display text:",[126,20496,20497,20502,20507],{},[129,20498,20499],{},[15,20500,20501],{},"\"Unknown\"",[129,20503,20504],{},[15,20505,20506],{},"\"Not set\"",[129,20508,20509],{},[15,20510,20511],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20513,20514],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[35,20516,20518],{"className":37,"code":20517,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20519,20520,20552,20556,20583],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20521,20522,20524,20526,20528,20530,20532,20534,20536,20538,20540,20542,20544,20546,20548,20550],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20523,4891],{"class":50},[44,20525,55],{"class":54},[44,20527,10313],{"class":62},[44,20529,67],{"class":66},[44,20531,18247],{"class":70},[44,20533,67],{"class":66},[44,20535,449],{"class":62},[44,20537,5834],{"class":452},[44,20539,186],{"class":62},[44,20541,1438],{"class":66},[44,20543,18256],{"class":70},[44,20545,67],{"class":66},[44,20547,449],{"class":62},[44,20549,6189],{"class":452},[44,20551,9130],{"class":62},[44,20553,20554],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,20555,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,20557,20558,20561,20563,20565,20567,20569,20571,20573,20575,20577,20579,20581],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,20559,20560],{"class":50},"total_history ",[44,20562,55],{"class":54},[44,20564,4938],{"class":50},[44,20566,504],{"class":62},[44,20568,19580],{"class":97},[44,20570,63],{"class":62},[44,20572,67],{"class":66},[44,20574,18265],{"class":70},[44,20576,67],{"class":66},[44,20578,186],{"class":62},[44,20580,3655],{"class":452},[44,20582,76],{"class":62},[44,20584,20585,20587,20589,20592,20594],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,20586,82],{"class":58},[44,20588,63],{"class":62},[44,20590,20591],{"class":97},"total_history",[44,20593,3480],{"class":62},[44,20595,20596],{"class":3483},"   # 0\n",[20,20598,20599,20600,20602],{},"Here, ",[15,20601,1951],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20604,20605],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[126,20607,20608,20611,20616,20621],{},[129,20609,20610],{},"Use a string for text",[129,20612,103,20613,20615],{},[15,20614,1951],{}," for numbers",[129,20617,103,20618,20620],{},[15,20619,3608],{}," for lists if needed",[129,20622,103,20623,20625],{},[15,20624,3613],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[30,20627,20629],{"id":20628},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20631,20632,20633,504],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20634,10563],{},[600,20636,20638,20640],{"id":20637},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20639,10563],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20642,20643,20644,20646],{},"This code does ",[3563,20645,4457],{}," create a new key:",[35,20648,20650],{"className":37,"code":20649,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20651,20652,20676,20680,20705],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20653,20654,20656,20658,20660,20662,20664,20666,20668,20670,20672,20674],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20655,13030],{"class":50},[44,20657,55],{"class":54},[44,20659,10313],{"class":62},[44,20661,67],{"class":66},[44,20663,652],{"class":70},[44,20665,67],{"class":66},[44,20667,449],{"class":62},[44,20669,1438],{"class":66},[44,20671,12705],{"class":70},[44,20673,67],{"class":66},[44,20675,9130],{"class":62},[44,20677,20678],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,20679,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,20681,20682,20684,20686,20688,20690,20692,20694,20696,20698,20700,20702],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,20683,82],{"class":58},[44,20685,63],{"class":62},[44,20687,17136],{"class":97},[44,20689,504],{"class":62},[44,20691,19580],{"class":97},[44,20693,63],{"class":62},[44,20695,67],{"class":66},[44,20697,10231],{"class":70},[44,20699,67],{"class":66},[44,20701,5190],{"class":62},[44,20703,20704],{"class":3483},"  # None\n",[44,20706,20707,20709,20711,20713,20715],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,20708,82],{"class":58},[44,20710,63],{"class":62},[44,20712,17136],{"class":97},[44,20714,3480],{"class":62},[44,20716,20717],{"class":3483},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20719,20720],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[600,20722,20724,20726],{"id":20723},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20725,10563],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20728,20729],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[35,20731,20733],{"className":37,"code":20732,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20734,20735,20761,20765,20791],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20736,20737,20739,20741,20743,20745,20748,20750,20752,20754,20757,20759],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20738,13652],{"class":50},[44,20740,55],{"class":54},[44,20742,10313],{"class":62},[44,20744,67],{"class":66},[44,20746,20747],{"class":70},"mode",[44,20749,67],{"class":66},[44,20751,449],{"class":62},[44,20753,1438],{"class":66},[44,20755,20756],{"class":70},"light",[44,20758,67],{"class":66},[44,20760,9130],{"class":62},[44,20762,20763],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,20764,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,20766,20767,20769,20771,20773,20775,20777,20779,20781,20783,20785,20787,20789],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,20768,13711],{"class":50},[44,20770,504],{"class":62},[44,20772,19580],{"class":97},[44,20774,63],{"class":62},[44,20776,67],{"class":66},[44,20778,12319],{"class":70},[44,20780,67],{"class":66},[44,20782,186],{"class":62},[44,20784,1438],{"class":66},[44,20786,12328],{"class":70},[44,20788,67],{"class":66},[44,20790,76],{"class":62},[44,20792,20793,20795,20797,20799,20801],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,20794,82],{"class":58},[44,20796,63],{"class":62},[44,20798,13711],{"class":97},[44,20800,3480],{"class":62},[44,20802,20803],{"class":3483},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,20805,20806,20807,20810],{},"Even though ",[15,20808,20809],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[600,20812,20814,20815],{"id":20813},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,20816,3599],{},[20,20818,20819,20820,2228,20822,20824],{},"Sometimes ",[15,20821,10563],{},[15,20823,3599],{}," because:",[126,20826,20827,20830],{},[129,20828,20829],{},"The key is missing, or",[129,20831,20832,20833],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,20834,3599],{},[20,20836,145],{},[35,20838,20840],{"className":37,"code":20839,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,20841,20842,20879,20883,20907],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20843,20844,20846,20848,20850,20852,20854,20856,20858,20860,20862,20864,20866,20868,20871,20873,20875,20877],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20845,8988],{"class":50},[44,20847,55],{"class":54},[44,20849,10313],{"class":62},[44,20851,67],{"class":66},[44,20853,652],{"class":70},[44,20855,67],{"class":66},[44,20857,449],{"class":62},[44,20859,1438],{"class":66},[44,20861,12705],{"class":70},[44,20863,67],{"class":66},[44,20865,186],{"class":62},[44,20867,1438],{"class":66},[44,20869,20870],{"class":70},"nickname",[44,20872,67],{"class":66},[44,20874,449],{"class":62},[44,20876,3675],{"class":3674},[44,20878,9130],{"class":62},[44,20880,20881],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,20882,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,20884,20885,20887,20889,20891,20893,20895,20897,20899,20901,20903,20905],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,20886,82],{"class":58},[44,20888,63],{"class":62},[44,20890,9026],{"class":97},[44,20892,504],{"class":62},[44,20894,19580],{"class":97},[44,20896,63],{"class":62},[44,20898,67],{"class":66},[44,20900,20870],{"class":70},[44,20902,67],{"class":66},[44,20904,5190],{"class":62},[44,20906,20704],{"class":3483},[44,20908,20909,20911,20913,20915,20917,20919,20921,20923,20925,20927,20929],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,20910,82],{"class":58},[44,20912,63],{"class":62},[44,20914,9026],{"class":97},[44,20916,504],{"class":62},[44,20918,19580],{"class":97},[44,20920,63],{"class":62},[44,20922,67],{"class":66},[44,20924,10231],{"class":70},[44,20926,67],{"class":66},[44,20928,5190],{"class":62},[44,20930,20931],{"class":3483},"      # None\n",[20,20933,20934,20935,20937],{},"Both lines print ",[15,20936,3599],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,20939,20940,20941,449],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,20942,3705],{},[35,20944,20946],{"className":37,"code":20945,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,20947,20948,20984,20988,21009],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20949,20950,20952,20954,20956,20958,20960,20962,20964,20966,20968,20970,20972,20974,20976,20978,20980,20982],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20951,8988],{"class":50},[44,20953,55],{"class":54},[44,20955,10313],{"class":62},[44,20957,67],{"class":66},[44,20959,652],{"class":70},[44,20961,67],{"class":66},[44,20963,449],{"class":62},[44,20965,1438],{"class":66},[44,20967,12705],{"class":70},[44,20969,67],{"class":66},[44,20971,186],{"class":62},[44,20973,1438],{"class":66},[44,20975,20870],{"class":70},[44,20977,67],{"class":66},[44,20979,449],{"class":62},[44,20981,3675],{"class":3674},[44,20983,9130],{"class":62},[44,20985,20986],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,20987,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,20989,20990,20992,20994,20996,20998,21000,21003,21005,21007],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,20991,82],{"class":58},[44,20993,63],{"class":62},[44,20995,67],{"class":66},[44,20997,20870],{"class":70},[44,20999,67],{"class":66},[44,21001,21002],{"class":1384}," in",[44,21004,14393],{"class":97},[44,21006,3480],{"class":62},[44,21008,3484],{"class":3483},[44,21010,21011,21013,21015,21017,21019,21021,21023,21025,21027],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,21012,82],{"class":58},[44,21014,63],{"class":62},[44,21016,67],{"class":66},[44,21018,10231],{"class":70},[44,21020,67],{"class":66},[44,21022,21002],{"class":1384},[44,21024,14393],{"class":97},[44,21026,3480],{"class":62},[44,21028,21029],{"class":3483},"      # False\n",[20,21031,21032,21033,504],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[491,21034,21035],{"href":16982},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[30,21037,1486],{"id":1485},[20,21039,21040,21041,449],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21042,10563],{},[126,21044,21045,21050,21057,21062],{},[129,21046,21047,21048],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21049,19517],{},[129,21051,984,21052,2228,21054,21056],{},[15,21053,10563],{},[15,21055,3599],{}," if no default is provided",[129,21058,4405,21059,21061],{},[15,21060,10563],{}," creates a key automatically",[129,21063,21064],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21066,21067],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[35,21069,21071],{"className":37,"code":21070,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21072,21073,21083,21097,21115,21137],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21074,21075,21077,21079,21081],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21076,82],{"class":58},[44,21078,63],{"class":62},[44,21080,11275],{"class":97},[44,21082,76],{"class":62},[44,21084,21085,21087,21089,21091,21093,21095],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,21086,82],{"class":58},[44,21088,63],{"class":62},[44,21090,11275],{"class":97},[44,21092,504],{"class":62},[44,21094,16752],{"class":97},[44,21096,7025],{"class":62},[44,21098,21099,21101,21103,21105,21107,21109,21111,21113],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,21100,82],{"class":58},[44,21102,63],{"class":62},[44,21104,476],{"class":66},[44,21106,652],{"class":70},[44,21108,476],{"class":66},[44,21110,21002],{"class":1384},[44,21112,11591],{"class":97},[44,21114,76],{"class":62},[44,21116,21117,21119,21121,21123,21125,21127,21129,21131,21133,21135],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,21118,82],{"class":58},[44,21120,63],{"class":62},[44,21122,11275],{"class":97},[44,21124,504],{"class":62},[44,21126,19580],{"class":97},[44,21128,63],{"class":62},[44,21130,476],{"class":66},[44,21132,652],{"class":70},[44,21134,476],{"class":66},[44,21136,434],{"class":62},[44,21138,21139,21141,21143,21145,21147,21149,21151,21153,21155,21157,21159,21161],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,21140,82],{"class":58},[44,21142,63],{"class":62},[44,21144,427],{"class":426},[44,21146,63],{"class":62},[44,21148,11275],{"class":97},[44,21150,504],{"class":62},[44,21152,19580],{"class":97},[44,21154,63],{"class":62},[44,21156,476],{"class":66},[44,21158,652],{"class":70},[44,21160,476],{"class":66},[44,21162,2731],{"class":62},[20,21164,21165],{},"What these checks tell you:",[126,21167,21168,21173,21179,21185,21191],{},[129,21169,21170,21172],{},[15,21171,12504],{}," shows the full dictionary",[129,21174,21175,21178],{},[15,21176,21177],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[129,21180,21181,21184],{},[15,21182,21183],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[129,21186,21187,21190],{},[15,21188,21189],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[129,21192,21193,21196],{},[15,21194,21195],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21198,21199,21200,1126,21205,21209],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[491,21201,21202,21203,10564],{"href":16891},"the dictionary ",[15,21204,16894],{},[491,21206,21202,21207,10564],{"href":16904},[15,21208,16907],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[30,21211,1651],{"id":1650},[600,21213,1655,21215,21217,21218,213],{"id":21214},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21216,10563],{}," raise ",[15,21219,19517],{},[20,21221,21222,21223,21225],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21224,3599],{}," or the default value you provide.",[600,21227,1655,21229,21231],{"id":21228},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21230,10563],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21233,21234],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[600,21236,21238,21239,213],{"id":21237},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21240,10563],{},[20,21242,21243,21245],{},[15,21244,3599],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[600,21247,21249,21250,21252],{"id":21248},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21251,10563],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21254,103,21255,21257],{},[15,21256,10563],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[30,21259,1719],{"id":1718},[126,21261,21262,21266,21272,21278,21282,21287],{},[129,21263,21264],{},[491,21265,8978],{"href":8977},[129,21267,21268],{},[491,21269,10560,21270,10564],{"href":16891},[15,21271,16894],{},[129,21273,21274],{},[491,21275,10560,21276,10564],{"href":16904},[15,21277,16907],{},[129,21279,21280],{},[491,21281,16983],{"href":16982},[129,21283,21284],{},[491,21285,21286],{"href":16425},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[129,21288,21289],{},[491,21290,11087],{"href":10898},[1758,21292,21293],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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brackets",[21304,21305],{"id":20216,"depth":419,"text":20217},{"id":19580,"depth":419,"text":10563},{"id":20415,"depth":79,"text":20416},{"id":20628,"depth":79,"text":20629,"children":21308},[21309,21311,21313],{"id":20637,"depth":419,"text":21310},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20723,"depth":419,"text":21312},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20813,"depth":419,"text":21314},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":21317},[21318,21320,21322,21324],{"id":21214,"depth":419,"text":21319},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21228,"depth":419,"text":21321},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21237,"depth":419,"text":21323},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21248,"depth":419,"text":21325},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19498,"description":21327},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21334,"title":21335,"body":21336,"description":23892,"extension":1796,"meta":23893,"navigation":807,"path":23894,"seo":23895,"stem":23896,"__hash__":23897},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21337,"toc":23858},[21338,21343,21349,21355,21357,21439,21443,21459,21464,21469,21474,21476,21490,21492,21555,21559,21599,21607,21609,21611,21626,21629,21642,21644,21723,21727,21793,21795,21799,21807,21809,21820,21822,21932,21936,22015,22021,22027,22032,22145,22149,22181,22184,22291,22297,22304,22308,22311,22414,22418,22479,22482,22485,22496,22505,22508,22525,22527,22626,22630,22705,22708,22731,22736,22741,22758,22760,22881,22885,22919,22921,22926,22933,22943,22945,23023,23026,23097,23107,23110,23142,23145,23184,23190,23197,23200,23291,23295,23376,23382,23385,23388,23493,23496,23499,23621,23625,23628,23695,23699,23736,23742,23744,23750,23755,23761,23768,23774,23777,23816,23822,23825,23827,23855],[10,21339,11143,21341,11147],{"id":21340},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21342,16907],{},[20,21344,22,21345,21348],{},[15,21346,21347],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21350,21351,21352,21354],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21353,16907],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[30,21356,33],{"id":32},[35,21358,21360],{"className":37,"code":21359,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21361,21362,21398,21402,21425],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21363,21364,21366,21368,21370,21372,21374,21376,21378,21380,21382,21384,21386,21388,21390,21392,21394,21396],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21365,13030],{"class":50},[44,21367,55],{"class":54},[44,21369,10313],{"class":62},[44,21371,67],{"class":66},[44,21373,652],{"class":70},[44,21375,67],{"class":66},[44,21377,449],{"class":62},[44,21379,1438],{"class":66},[44,21381,12705],{"class":70},[44,21383,67],{"class":66},[44,21385,186],{"class":62},[44,21387,1438],{"class":66},[44,21389,414],{"class":70},[44,21391,67],{"class":66},[44,21393,449],{"class":62},[44,21395,9127],{"class":452},[44,21397,9130],{"class":62},[44,21399,21400],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,21401,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,21403,21404,21406,21409,21411,21414,21416,21418,21420,21422],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,21405,5787],{"class":1384},[44,21407,21408],{"class":50}," key",[44,21410,186],{"class":62},[44,21412,21413],{"class":50}," value ",[44,21415,3705],{"class":1384},[44,21417,13073],{"class":50},[44,21419,504],{"class":62},[44,21421,7640],{"class":97},[44,21423,21424],{"class":62},"():\n",[44,21426,21427,21429,21431,21433,21435,21437],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,21428,1416],{"class":58},[44,21430,63],{"class":62},[44,21432,14668],{"class":97},[44,21434,186],{"class":62},[44,21436,8259],{"class":97},[44,21438,76],{"class":62},[20,21440,21441],{},[3563,21442,1031],{},[35,21444,21446],{"className":37,"code":21445,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21447,21448,21453],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21449,21450],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21451,21452],{"class":50},"name Ana\n",[44,21454,21455,21457],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,21456,390],{"class":50},[44,21458,458],{"class":452},[20,21460,103,21461,21463],{},[15,21462,16907],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[30,21465,113,21467,116],{"id":21466},"what-items-does",[15,21468,16907],{},[20,21470,21471,21473],{},[15,21472,16907],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21475,273],{},[126,21477,21478,21484,21487],{},[129,21479,21480,21481],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21482,21483],{},"(key, value)",[129,21485,21486],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[129,21488,21489],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21491,145],{},[35,21493,21495],{"className":37,"code":21494,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21496,21497,21533,21537],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21498,21499,21501,21503,21505,21507,21509,21511,21513,21515,21517,21519,21521,21523,21525,21527,21529,21531],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21500,13030],{"class":50},[44,21502,55],{"class":54},[44,21504,10313],{"class":62},[44,21506,67],{"class":66},[44,21508,652],{"class":70},[44,21510,67],{"class":66},[44,21512,449],{"class":62},[44,21514,1438],{"class":66},[44,21516,12705],{"class":70},[44,21518,67],{"class":66},[44,21520,186],{"class":62},[44,21522,1438],{"class":66},[44,21524,414],{"class":70},[44,21526,67],{"class":66},[44,21528,449],{"class":62},[44,21530,9127],{"class":452},[44,21532,9130],{"class":62},[44,21534,21535],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,21536,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,21538,21539,21541,21543,21545,21547,21549,21551,21553],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,21540,82],{"class":58},[44,21542,63],{"class":62},[44,21544,7921],{"class":426},[44,21546,63],{"class":62},[44,21548,17136],{"class":97},[44,21550,504],{"class":62},[44,21552,7640],{"class":97},[44,21554,6119],{"class":62},[20,21556,21557],{},[3563,21558,1031],{},[35,21560,21562],{"className":37,"code":21561,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21563,21564],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21565,21566,21569,21571,21573,21575,21577,21579,21581,21583,21585,21587,21589,21591,21593,21595,21597],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21567,21568],{"class":62},"[(",[44,21570,476],{"class":66},[44,21572,652],{"class":70},[44,21574,476],{"class":66},[44,21576,186],{"class":62},[44,21578,470],{"class":66},[44,21580,12705],{"class":70},[44,21582,476],{"class":66},[44,21584,9055],{"class":62},[44,21586,9058],{"class":62},[44,21588,476],{"class":66},[44,21590,414],{"class":70},[44,21592,476],{"class":66},[44,21594,186],{"class":62},[44,21596,9127],{"class":452},[44,21598,9071],{"class":62},[20,21600,21601,21602,497,21604,504],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[491,21603,8978],{"href":12848},[491,21605,14852],{"href":21606},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[30,21608,250],{"id":249},[20,21610,5263],{},[35,21612,21614],{"className":37,"code":21613,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21615,21616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21617,21618,21620,21622,21624],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21619,11275],{"class":50},[44,21621,504],{"class":62},[44,21623,7640],{"class":97},[44,21625,345],{"class":62},[20,21627,21628],{},"Things to remember:",[126,21630,21631,21636,21639],{},[129,21632,21633,21635],{},[15,21634,16907],{}," does not take any arguments",[129,21637,21638],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[129,21640,21641],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21643,145],{},[35,21645,21647],{"className":37,"code":21646,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21648,21649,21681,21685,21699,21703,21713],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21650,21651,21653,21655,21657,21659,21661,21663,21665,21667,21669,21671,21673,21675,21677,21679],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21652,4891],{"class":50},[44,21654,55],{"class":54},[44,21656,10313],{"class":62},[44,21658,67],{"class":66},[44,21660,4831],{"class":70},[44,21662,67],{"class":66},[44,21664,449],{"class":62},[44,21666,19728],{"class":452},[44,21668,186],{"class":62},[44,21670,1438],{"class":66},[44,21672,4840],{"class":70},[44,21674,67],{"class":66},[44,21676,449],{"class":62},[44,21678,13333],{"class":452},[44,21680,9130],{"class":62},[44,21682,21683],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,21684,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,21686,21687,21689,21691,21693,21695,21697],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,21688,2059],{"class":50},[44,21690,55],{"class":54},[44,21692,4938],{"class":50},[44,21694,504],{"class":62},[44,21696,7640],{"class":97},[44,21698,345],{"class":62},[44,21700,21701],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,21702,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,21704,21705,21707,21709,21711],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,21706,82],{"class":58},[44,21708,63],{"class":62},[44,21710,2094],{"class":97},[44,21712,76],{"class":62},[44,21714,21715,21717,21719,21721],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,21716,82],{"class":58},[44,21718,63],{"class":62},[44,21720,16217],{"class":97},[44,21722,76],{"class":62},[20,21724,21725],{},[3563,21726,1031],{},[35,21728,21730],{"className":37,"code":21729,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21731,21732,21765],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21733,21734,21737,21739,21741,21743,21745,21747,21749,21751,21753,21755,21757,21759,21761,21763],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21735,21736],{"class":97},"dict_items",[44,21738,9479],{"class":62},[44,21740,476],{"class":66},[44,21742,4831],{"class":70},[44,21744,476],{"class":66},[44,21746,186],{"class":62},[44,21748,19728],{"class":452},[44,21750,9055],{"class":62},[44,21752,9058],{"class":62},[44,21754,476],{"class":66},[44,21756,4840],{"class":70},[44,21758,476],{"class":66},[44,21760,186],{"class":62},[44,21762,13333],{"class":452},[44,21764,10502],{"class":62},[44,21766,21767,21769,21771,21773,21775,21777,21779,21781,21783,21785,21787,21789,21791],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,21768,9100],{"class":62},[44,21770,476],{"class":66},[44,21772,4831],{"class":70},[44,21774,476],{"class":66},[44,21776,449],{"class":62},[44,21778,19728],{"class":452},[44,21780,186],{"class":62},[44,21782,470],{"class":66},[44,21784,4840],{"class":70},[44,21786,476],{"class":66},[44,21788,449],{"class":62},[44,21790,13333],{"class":452},[44,21792,9130],{"class":62},[20,21794,20720],{},[30,21796,21798],{"id":21797},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,21800,21801,21803,21804,21806],{},[15,21802,16907],{}," returns a ",[15,21805,21736],{}," view object.",[20,21808,1938],{},[126,21810,21811,21814,21817],{},[129,21812,21813],{},"You can loop over it",[129,21815,21816],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[129,21818,21819],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,21821,145],{},[35,21823,21825],{"className":37,"code":21824,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,21826,21827,21859,21873,21877,21891,21895,21914,21918],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21828,21829,21831,21833,21835,21837,21839,21841,21843,21845,21847,21849,21851,21853,21855,21857],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21830,8988],{"class":50},[44,21832,55],{"class":54},[44,21834,10313],{"class":62},[44,21836,67],{"class":66},[44,21838,2003],{"class":70},[44,21840,67],{"class":66},[44,21842,449],{"class":62},[44,21844,711],{"class":452},[44,21846,186],{"class":62},[44,21848,1438],{"class":66},[44,21850,11570],{"class":70},[44,21852,67],{"class":66},[44,21854,449],{"class":62},[44,21856,2812],{"class":452},[44,21858,9130],{"class":62},[44,21860,21861,21863,21865,21867,21869,21871],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,21862,9037],{"class":50},[44,21864,55],{"class":54},[44,21866,14393],{"class":50},[44,21868,504],{"class":62},[44,21870,7640],{"class":97},[44,21872,345],{"class":62},[44,21874,21875],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,21876,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,21878,21879,21881,21883,21885,21887,21889],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,21880,82],{"class":58},[44,21882,63],{"class":62},[44,21884,7921],{"class":426},[44,21886,63],{"class":62},[44,21888,9084],{"class":97},[44,21890,434],{"class":62},[44,21892,21893],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,21894,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,21896,21897,21899,21901,21903,21906,21908,21910,21912],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,21898,9026],{"class":50},[44,21900,3723],{"class":62},[44,21902,67],{"class":66},[44,21904,21905],{"class":70},"z",[44,21907,67],{"class":66},[44,21909,13099],{"class":62},[44,21911,13102],{"class":54},[44,21913,856],{"class":452},[44,21915,21916],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,21917,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,21919,21920,21922,21924,21926,21928,21930],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,21921,82],{"class":58},[44,21923,63],{"class":62},[44,21925,7921],{"class":426},[44,21927,63],{"class":62},[44,21929,9084],{"class":97},[44,21931,434],{"class":62},[20,21933,21934],{},[3563,21935,1031],{},[35,21937,21939],{"className":37,"code":21938,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,21940,21941,21971],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21942,21943,21945,21947,21949,21951,21953,21955,21957,21959,21961,21963,21965,21967,21969],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21944,21568],{"class":62},[44,21946,476],{"class":66},[44,21948,2003],{"class":70},[44,21950,476],{"class":66},[44,21952,186],{"class":62},[44,21954,711],{"class":452},[44,21956,9055],{"class":62},[44,21958,9058],{"class":62},[44,21960,476],{"class":66},[44,21962,11570],{"class":70},[44,21964,476],{"class":66},[44,21966,186],{"class":62},[44,21968,2812],{"class":452},[44,21970,9071],{"class":62},[44,21972,21973,21975,21977,21979,21981,21983,21985,21987,21989,21991,21993,21995,21997,21999,22001,22003,22005,22007,22009,22011,22013],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,21974,21568],{"class":62},[44,21976,476],{"class":66},[44,21978,2003],{"class":70},[44,21980,476],{"class":66},[44,21982,186],{"class":62},[44,21984,711],{"class":452},[44,21986,9055],{"class":62},[44,21988,9058],{"class":62},[44,21990,476],{"class":66},[44,21992,11570],{"class":70},[44,21994,476],{"class":66},[44,21996,186],{"class":62},[44,21998,2812],{"class":452},[44,22000,9055],{"class":62},[44,22002,9058],{"class":62},[44,22004,476],{"class":66},[44,22006,21905],{"class":70},[44,22008,476],{"class":66},[44,22010,186],{"class":62},[44,22012,2282],{"class":452},[44,22014,9071],{"class":62},[20,22016,22017,22018,22020],{},"This happens because ",[15,22019,9084],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[30,22022,22024,22025],{"id":22023},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22026,16907],{},[20,22028,22029,22030,449],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22031,16907],{},[35,22033,22035],{"className":37,"code":22034,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22036,22037,22090,22094,22114],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22038,22039,22041,22043,22045,22047,22049,22051,22053,22055,22057,22059,22061,22063,22065,22067,22069,22071,22074,22076,22078,22080,22082,22084,22086,22088],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22040,12688],{"class":50},[44,22042,55],{"class":54},[44,22044,10313],{"class":62},[44,22046,67],{"class":66},[44,22048,652],{"class":70},[44,22050,67],{"class":66},[44,22052,449],{"class":62},[44,22054,1438],{"class":66},[44,22056,7751],{"class":70},[44,22058,67],{"class":66},[44,22060,186],{"class":62},[44,22062,1438],{"class":66},[44,22064,19721],{"class":70},[44,22066,67],{"class":66},[44,22068,449],{"class":62},[44,22070,1438],{"class":66},[44,22072,22073],{"class":70},"A",[44,22075,67],{"class":66},[44,22077,186],{"class":62},[44,22079,1438],{"class":66},[44,22081,414],{"class":70},[44,22083,67],{"class":66},[44,22085,449],{"class":62},[44,22087,13684],{"class":452},[44,22089,9130],{"class":62},[44,22091,22092],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,22093,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,22095,22096,22098,22100,22102,22104,22106,22108,22110,22112],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,22097,5787],{"class":1384},[44,22099,21408],{"class":50},[44,22101,186],{"class":62},[44,22103,21413],{"class":50},[44,22105,3705],{"class":1384},[44,22107,12731],{"class":50},[44,22109,504],{"class":62},[44,22111,7640],{"class":97},[44,22113,21424],{"class":62},[44,22115,22116,22118,22120,22123,22125,22127,22129,22132,22135,22137,22139,22141,22143],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,22117,1416],{"class":58},[44,22119,63],{"class":62},[44,22121,22122],{"class":466},"f",[44,22124,67],{"class":70},[44,22126,9100],{"class":452},[44,22128,14668],{"class":97},[44,22130,22131],{"class":452},"}",[44,22133,22134],{"class":70},": ",[44,22136,9100],{"class":452},[44,22138,354],{"class":97},[44,22140,22131],{"class":452},[44,22142,67],{"class":70},[44,22144,76],{"class":62},[20,22146,22147],{},[3563,22148,1031],{},[35,22150,22152],{"className":37,"code":22151,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22153,22154,22163,22172],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22155,22156,22158,22160],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22157,652],{"class":50},[44,22159,449],{"class":62},[44,22161,22162],{"class":50}," Mia\n",[44,22164,22165,22167,22169],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,22166,19721],{"class":50},[44,22168,449],{"class":62},[44,22170,22171],{"class":50}," A\n",[44,22173,22174,22176,22178],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,22175,414],{"class":50},[44,22177,449],{"class":62},[44,22179,22180],{"class":452}," 14\n",[20,22182,22183],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[35,22185,22187],{"className":37,"code":22186,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22188,22189,22241,22245,22257],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22190,22191,22193,22195,22197,22199,22201,22203,22205,22207,22209,22211,22213,22215,22217,22219,22221,22223,22225,22227,22229,22231,22233,22235,22237,22239],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22192,12688],{"class":50},[44,22194,55],{"class":54},[44,22196,10313],{"class":62},[44,22198,67],{"class":66},[44,22200,652],{"class":70},[44,22202,67],{"class":66},[44,22204,449],{"class":62},[44,22206,1438],{"class":66},[44,22208,7751],{"class":70},[44,22210,67],{"class":66},[44,22212,186],{"class":62},[44,22214,1438],{"class":66},[44,22216,19721],{"class":70},[44,22218,67],{"class":66},[44,22220,449],{"class":62},[44,22222,1438],{"class":66},[44,22224,22073],{"class":70},[44,22226,67],{"class":66},[44,22228,186],{"class":62},[44,22230,1438],{"class":66},[44,22232,414],{"class":70},[44,22234,67],{"class":66},[44,22236,449],{"class":62},[44,22238,13684],{"class":452},[44,22240,9130],{"class":62},[44,22242,22243],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,22244,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,22246,22247,22249,22251,22253,22255],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,22248,5787],{"class":1384},[44,22250,18039],{"class":50},[44,22252,3705],{"class":1384},[44,22254,12731],{"class":50},[44,22256,1388],{"class":62},[44,22258,22259,22261,22263,22265,22267,22269,22271,22273,22275,22277,22279,22281,22283,22285,22287,22289],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,22260,1416],{"class":58},[44,22262,63],{"class":62},[44,22264,22122],{"class":466},[44,22266,67],{"class":70},[44,22268,9100],{"class":452},[44,22270,14668],{"class":97},[44,22272,22131],{"class":452},[44,22274,22134],{"class":70},[44,22276,9100],{"class":452},[44,22278,13452],{"class":97},[44,22280,3723],{"class":62},[44,22282,14668],{"class":97},[44,22284,13099],{"class":62},[44,22286,22131],{"class":452},[44,22288,67],{"class":70},[44,22290,76],{"class":62},[20,22292,6340,22293,22296],{},[15,22294,22295],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22298,22299,22300,504],{},"For a full guide, see ",[491,22301,22303],{"href":22302},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[30,22305,22307],{"id":22306},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22309,22310],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[35,22312,22314],{"className":37,"code":22313,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22315,22316,22375,22379,22399,22403],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22317,22318,22320,22322,22324,22326,22328,22330,22332,22334,22336,22338,22340,22342,22344,22346,22348,22350,22353,22355,22357,22359,22362,22364,22366,22368,22371,22373],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22319,12901],{"class":50},[44,22321,55],{"class":54},[44,22323,10313],{"class":62},[44,22325,67],{"class":66},[44,22327,3903],{"class":70},[44,22329,67],{"class":66},[44,22331,449],{"class":62},[44,22333,1438],{"class":66},[44,22335,12918],{"class":70},[44,22337,67],{"class":66},[44,22339,186],{"class":62},[44,22341,1438],{"class":66},[44,22343,3912],{"class":70},[44,22345,67],{"class":66},[44,22347,449],{"class":62},[44,22349,1438],{"class":66},[44,22351,22352],{"class":70},"yellow",[44,22354,67],{"class":66},[44,22356,186],{"class":62},[44,22358,1438],{"class":66},[44,22360,22361],{"class":70},"grape",[44,22363,67],{"class":66},[44,22365,449],{"class":62},[44,22367,1438],{"class":66},[44,22369,22370],{"class":70},"purple",[44,22372,67],{"class":66},[44,22374,9130],{"class":62},[44,22376,22377],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,22378,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,22380,22381,22384,22386,22389,22391,22393,22395,22397],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,22382,22383],{"class":50},"pairs_list ",[44,22385,55],{"class":54},[44,22387,22388],{"class":426}," list",[44,22390,63],{"class":62},[44,22392,17332],{"class":97},[44,22394,504],{"class":62},[44,22396,7640],{"class":97},[44,22398,7025],{"class":62},[44,22400,22401],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,22402,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,22404,22405,22407,22409,22412],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,22406,82],{"class":58},[44,22408,63],{"class":62},[44,22410,22411],{"class":97},"pairs_list",[44,22413,76],{"class":62},[20,22415,22416],{},[3563,22417,1031],{},[35,22419,22421],{"className":37,"code":22420,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22422,22423],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22424,22425,22427,22429,22431,22433,22435,22437,22439,22441,22443,22445,22447,22449,22451,22453,22455,22457,22459,22461,22463,22465,22467,22469,22471,22473,22475,22477],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22426,21568],{"class":62},[44,22428,476],{"class":66},[44,22430,3903],{"class":70},[44,22432,476],{"class":66},[44,22434,186],{"class":62},[44,22436,470],{"class":66},[44,22438,12918],{"class":70},[44,22440,476],{"class":66},[44,22442,9055],{"class":62},[44,22444,9058],{"class":62},[44,22446,476],{"class":66},[44,22448,3912],{"class":70},[44,22450,476],{"class":66},[44,22452,186],{"class":62},[44,22454,470],{"class":66},[44,22456,22352],{"class":70},[44,22458,476],{"class":66},[44,22460,9055],{"class":62},[44,22462,9058],{"class":62},[44,22464,476],{"class":66},[44,22466,22361],{"class":70},[44,22468,476],{"class":66},[44,22470,186],{"class":62},[44,22472,470],{"class":66},[44,22474,22370],{"class":70},[44,22476,476],{"class":66},[44,22478,9071],{"class":62},[20,22480,22481],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22483,22484],{},"Use this when:",[126,22486,22487,22490,22493],{},[129,22488,22489],{},"You want clearer printed output",[129,22491,22492],{},"You need list behavior",[129,22494,22495],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[30,22497,22499,10408,22501,10408,22503],{"id":22498},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22500,16907],{},[15,22502,16894],{},[15,22504,16900],{},[20,22506,22507],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[126,22509,22510,22515,22520],{},[129,22511,22512,22514],{},[15,22513,16907],{}," gives both key and value",[129,22516,22517,22519],{},[15,22518,16894],{}," gives only keys",[129,22521,22522,22524],{},[15,22523,16900],{}," gives only values",[20,22526,145],{},[35,22528,22530],{"className":37,"code":22529,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22531,22532,22568,22572,22590,22608],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22533,22534,22536,22538,22540,22542,22544,22546,22548,22550,22552,22554,22556,22558,22560,22562,22564,22566],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22535,13030],{"class":50},[44,22537,55],{"class":54},[44,22539,10313],{"class":62},[44,22541,67],{"class":66},[44,22543,652],{"class":70},[44,22545,67],{"class":66},[44,22547,449],{"class":62},[44,22549,1438],{"class":66},[44,22551,12705],{"class":70},[44,22553,67],{"class":66},[44,22555,186],{"class":62},[44,22557,1438],{"class":66},[44,22559,414],{"class":70},[44,22561,67],{"class":66},[44,22563,449],{"class":62},[44,22565,9127],{"class":452},[44,22567,9130],{"class":62},[44,22569,22570],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,22571,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,22573,22574,22576,22578,22580,22582,22584,22586,22588],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,22575,82],{"class":58},[44,22577,63],{"class":62},[44,22579,7921],{"class":426},[44,22581,63],{"class":62},[44,22583,17136],{"class":97},[44,22585,504],{"class":62},[44,22587,16752],{"class":97},[44,22589,6119],{"class":62},[44,22591,22592,22594,22596,22598,22600,22602,22604,22606],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,22593,82],{"class":58},[44,22595,63],{"class":62},[44,22597,7921],{"class":426},[44,22599,63],{"class":62},[44,22601,17136],{"class":97},[44,22603,504],{"class":62},[44,22605,5187],{"class":97},[44,22607,6119],{"class":62},[44,22609,22610,22612,22614,22616,22618,22620,22622,22624],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,22611,82],{"class":58},[44,22613,63],{"class":62},[44,22615,7921],{"class":426},[44,22617,63],{"class":62},[44,22619,17136],{"class":97},[44,22621,504],{"class":62},[44,22623,7640],{"class":97},[44,22625,6119],{"class":62},[20,22627,22628],{},[3563,22629,1031],{},[35,22631,22633],{"className":37,"code":22632,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22634,22635,22655,22671],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22636,22637,22639,22641,22643,22645,22647,22649,22651,22653],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22638,3723],{"class":62},[44,22640,476],{"class":66},[44,22642,652],{"class":70},[44,22644,476],{"class":66},[44,22646,186],{"class":62},[44,22648,470],{"class":66},[44,22650,414],{"class":70},[44,22652,476],{"class":66},[44,22654,3453],{"class":62},[44,22656,22657,22659,22661,22663,22665,22667,22669],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,22658,3723],{"class":62},[44,22660,476],{"class":66},[44,22662,12705],{"class":70},[44,22664,476],{"class":66},[44,22666,186],{"class":62},[44,22668,9127],{"class":452},[44,22670,3453],{"class":62},[44,22672,22673,22675,22677,22679,22681,22683,22685,22687,22689,22691,22693,22695,22697,22699,22701,22703],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,22674,21568],{"class":62},[44,22676,476],{"class":66},[44,22678,652],{"class":70},[44,22680,476],{"class":66},[44,22682,186],{"class":62},[44,22684,470],{"class":66},[44,22686,12705],{"class":70},[44,22688,476],{"class":66},[44,22690,9055],{"class":62},[44,22692,9058],{"class":62},[44,22694,476],{"class":66},[44,22696,414],{"class":70},[44,22698,476],{"class":66},[44,22700,186],{"class":62},[44,22702,9127],{"class":452},[44,22704,9071],{"class":62},[20,22706,22707],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[126,22709,22710,22718,22726],{},[129,22711,22712,22713],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[491,22714,22716],{"href":22715},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22717,16894],{},[129,22719,22720,22721],{},"Need just values? Use ",[491,22722,22724],{"href":22723},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22725,16900],{},[129,22727,22728,22729],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22730,16907],{},[30,22732,4788,22734],{"id":22733},"when-to-use-items",[15,22735,16907],{},[20,22737,22738,22740],{},[15,22739,16907],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[126,22742,22743,22746,22749,22752,22755],{},[129,22744,22745],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[129,22747,22748],{},"Building formatted output",[129,22750,22751],{},"Looping through settings and values",[129,22753,22754],{},"Showing names with scores",[129,22756,22757],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,22759,145],{},[35,22761,22763],{"className":37,"code":22762,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,22764,22765,22773,22791,22810,22822,22826,22830,22851],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22766,22767,22769,22771],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22768,13652],{"class":50},[44,22770,55],{"class":54},[44,22772,11318],{"class":62},[44,22774,22775,22777,22779,22781,22783,22785,22787,22789],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,22776,11323],{"class":66},[44,22778,12319],{"class":70},[44,22780,67],{"class":66},[44,22782,449],{"class":62},[44,22784,1438],{"class":66},[44,22786,12328],{"class":70},[44,22788,67],{"class":66},[44,22790,11339],{"class":62},[44,22792,22793,22795,22797,22799,22801,22803,22806,22808],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,22794,11323],{"class":66},[44,22796,19951],{"class":70},[44,22798,67],{"class":66},[44,22800,449],{"class":62},[44,22802,1438],{"class":66},[44,22804,22805],{"class":70},"English",[44,22807,67],{"class":66},[44,22809,11339],{"class":62},[44,22811,22812,22814,22816,22818,22820],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,22813,11323],{"class":66},[44,22815,18355],{"class":70},[44,22817,67],{"class":66},[44,22819,449],{"class":62},[44,22821,6252],{"class":3674},[44,22823,22824],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,22825,9130],{"class":62},[44,22827,22828],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,22829,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,22831,22832,22834,22837,22839,22841,22843,22845,22847,22849],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,22833,5787],{"class":1384},[44,22835,22836],{"class":50}," setting",[44,22838,186],{"class":62},[44,22840,21413],{"class":50},[44,22842,3705],{"class":1384},[44,22844,13696],{"class":50},[44,22846,504],{"class":62},[44,22848,7640],{"class":97},[44,22850,21424],{"class":62},[44,22852,22853,22855,22857,22859,22861,22863,22866,22868,22871,22873,22875,22877,22879],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,22854,1416],{"class":58},[44,22856,63],{"class":62},[44,22858,22122],{"class":466},[44,22860,67],{"class":70},[44,22862,9100],{"class":452},[44,22864,22865],{"class":97},"setting",[44,22867,22131],{"class":452},[44,22869,22870],{"class":70}," = ",[44,22872,9100],{"class":452},[44,22874,354],{"class":97},[44,22876,22131],{"class":452},[44,22878,67],{"class":70},[44,22880,76],{"class":62},[20,22882,22883],{},[3563,22884,1031],{},[35,22886,22888],{"className":37,"code":22887,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,22889,22890,22900,22910],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22891,22892,22895,22897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22893,22894],{"class":50},"theme ",[44,22896,55],{"class":54},[44,22898,22899],{"class":50}," dark\n",[44,22901,22902,22905,22907],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,22903,22904],{"class":50},"language ",[44,22906,55],{"class":54},[44,22908,22909],{"class":50}," English\n",[44,22911,22912,22915,22917],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,22913,22914],{"class":50},"notifications ",[44,22916,55],{"class":54},[44,22918,6252],{"class":3674},[30,22920,1486],{"id":1485},[20,22922,22923,22924,504],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,22925,16907],{},[600,22927,22929,22930,22932],{"id":22928},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,22931,16907],{}," incorrectly",[20,22934,22935,22936,22938,22939,22942],{},"Each result from ",[15,22937,16907],{}," has ",[3563,22940,22941],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,22944,6518],{},[35,22946,22947],{"className":37,"code":21359,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,22948,22949,22985,22989,23009],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22950,22951,22953,22955,22957,22959,22961,22963,22965,22967,22969,22971,22973,22975,22977,22979,22981,22983],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22952,13030],{"class":50},[44,22954,55],{"class":54},[44,22956,10313],{"class":62},[44,22958,67],{"class":66},[44,22960,652],{"class":70},[44,22962,67],{"class":66},[44,22964,449],{"class":62},[44,22966,1438],{"class":66},[44,22968,12705],{"class":70},[44,22970,67],{"class":66},[44,22972,186],{"class":62},[44,22974,1438],{"class":66},[44,22976,414],{"class":70},[44,22978,67],{"class":66},[44,22980,449],{"class":62},[44,22982,9127],{"class":452},[44,22984,9130],{"class":62},[44,22986,22987],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,22988,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,22990,22991,22993,22995,22997,22999,23001,23003,23005,23007],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,22992,5787],{"class":1384},[44,22994,21408],{"class":50},[44,22996,186],{"class":62},[44,22998,21413],{"class":50},[44,23000,3705],{"class":1384},[44,23002,13073],{"class":50},[44,23004,504],{"class":62},[44,23006,7640],{"class":97},[44,23008,21424],{"class":62},[44,23010,23011,23013,23015,23017,23019,23021],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,23012,1416],{"class":58},[44,23014,63],{"class":62},[44,23016,14668],{"class":97},[44,23018,186],{"class":62},[44,23020,8259],{"class":97},[44,23022,76],{"class":62},[20,23024,23025],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[35,23027,23029],{"className":37,"code":23028,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23030,23031,23067,23071,23087],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23032,23033,23035,23037,23039,23041,23043,23045,23047,23049,23051,23053,23055,23057,23059,23061,23063,23065],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23034,13030],{"class":50},[44,23036,55],{"class":54},[44,23038,10313],{"class":62},[44,23040,67],{"class":66},[44,23042,652],{"class":70},[44,23044,67],{"class":66},[44,23046,449],{"class":62},[44,23048,1438],{"class":66},[44,23050,12705],{"class":70},[44,23052,67],{"class":66},[44,23054,186],{"class":62},[44,23056,1438],{"class":66},[44,23058,414],{"class":70},[44,23060,67],{"class":66},[44,23062,449],{"class":62},[44,23064,9127],{"class":452},[44,23066,9130],{"class":62},[44,23068,23069],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,23070,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,23072,23073,23075,23077,23079,23081,23083,23085],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,23074,5787],{"class":1384},[44,23076,18039],{"class":50},[44,23078,3705],{"class":1384},[44,23080,13073],{"class":50},[44,23082,504],{"class":62},[44,23084,7640],{"class":97},[44,23086,21424],{"class":62},[44,23088,23089,23091,23093,23095],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,23090,1416],{"class":58},[44,23092,63],{"class":62},[44,23094,14668],{"class":97},[44,23096,76],{"class":62},[20,23098,23099,23100,23102,23103,23106],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23101,14668],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23104,23105],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23108,23109],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[35,23111,23113],{"className":37,"code":23112,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23114,23115,23131],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23116,23117,23119,23121,23123,23125,23127,23129],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23118,5787],{"class":1384},[44,23120,5790],{"class":50},[44,23122,3705],{"class":1384},[44,23124,13073],{"class":50},[44,23126,504],{"class":62},[44,23128,7640],{"class":97},[44,23130,21424],{"class":62},[44,23132,23133,23135,23137,23140],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,23134,1416],{"class":58},[44,23136,63],{"class":62},[44,23138,23139],{"class":97},"item",[44,23141,76],{"class":62},[20,23143,23144],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[35,23146,23148],{"className":37,"code":23147,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23149,23150,23170],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23151,23152,23154,23156,23158,23160,23162,23164,23166,23168],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23153,5787],{"class":1384},[44,23155,21408],{"class":50},[44,23157,186],{"class":62},[44,23159,21413],{"class":50},[44,23161,3705],{"class":1384},[44,23163,13073],{"class":50},[44,23165,504],{"class":62},[44,23167,7640],{"class":97},[44,23169,21424],{"class":62},[44,23171,23172,23174,23176,23178,23180,23182],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,23173,1416],{"class":58},[44,23175,63],{"class":62},[44,23177,14668],{"class":97},[44,23179,186],{"class":62},[44,23181,8259],{"class":97},[44,23183,76],{"class":62},[600,23185,8279,23187,23189],{"id":23186},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23188,16907],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23191,23192,21803,23194,23196],{},[15,23193,16907],{},[15,23195,21736],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23198,23199],{},"Check it:",[35,23201,23203],{"className":37,"code":23202,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23204,23205,23237,23241,23255,23273],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23206,23207,23209,23211,23213,23215,23217,23219,23221,23223,23225,23227,23229,23231,23233,23235],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23208,11549],{"class":50},[44,23210,55],{"class":54},[44,23212,10313],{"class":62},[44,23214,67],{"class":66},[44,23216,491],{"class":70},[44,23218,67],{"class":66},[44,23220,449],{"class":62},[44,23222,711],{"class":452},[44,23224,186],{"class":62},[44,23226,1438],{"class":66},[44,23228,4587],{"class":70},[44,23230,67],{"class":66},[44,23232,449],{"class":62},[44,23234,2812],{"class":452},[44,23236,9130],{"class":62},[44,23238,23239],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,23240,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,23242,23243,23245,23247,23249,23251,23253],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,23244,82],{"class":58},[44,23246,63],{"class":62},[44,23248,11275],{"class":97},[44,23250,504],{"class":62},[44,23252,7640],{"class":97},[44,23254,7025],{"class":62},[44,23256,23257,23259,23261,23263,23265,23267,23269,23271],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,23258,82],{"class":58},[44,23260,63],{"class":62},[44,23262,427],{"class":426},[44,23264,63],{"class":62},[44,23266,11275],{"class":97},[44,23268,504],{"class":62},[44,23270,7640],{"class":97},[44,23272,6119],{"class":62},[44,23274,23275,23277,23279,23281,23283,23285,23287,23289],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,23276,82],{"class":58},[44,23278,63],{"class":62},[44,23280,7921],{"class":426},[44,23282,63],{"class":62},[44,23284,11275],{"class":97},[44,23286,504],{"class":62},[44,23288,7640],{"class":97},[44,23290,6119],{"class":62},[20,23292,23293],{},[3563,23294,1031],{},[35,23296,23298],{"className":37,"code":23297,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23299,23300,23332,23346],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23301,23302,23304,23306,23308,23310,23312,23314,23316,23318,23320,23322,23324,23326,23328,23330],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23303,21736],{"class":97},[44,23305,9479],{"class":62},[44,23307,476],{"class":66},[44,23309,491],{"class":70},[44,23311,476],{"class":66},[44,23313,186],{"class":62},[44,23315,711],{"class":452},[44,23317,9055],{"class":62},[44,23319,9058],{"class":62},[44,23321,476],{"class":66},[44,23323,4587],{"class":70},[44,23325,476],{"class":66},[44,23327,186],{"class":62},[44,23329,2812],{"class":452},[44,23331,10502],{"class":62},[44,23333,23334,23336,23338,23340,23342,23344],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,23335,463],{"class":54},[44,23337,467],{"class":466},[44,23339,470],{"class":66},[44,23341,21736],{"class":70},[44,23343,476],{"class":66},[44,23345,479],{"class":54},[44,23347,23348,23350,23352,23354,23356,23358,23360,23362,23364,23366,23368,23370,23372,23374],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,23349,21568],{"class":62},[44,23351,476],{"class":66},[44,23353,491],{"class":70},[44,23355,476],{"class":66},[44,23357,186],{"class":62},[44,23359,711],{"class":452},[44,23361,9055],{"class":62},[44,23363,9058],{"class":62},[44,23365,476],{"class":66},[44,23367,4587],{"class":70},[44,23369,476],{"class":66},[44,23371,186],{"class":62},[44,23373,2812],{"class":452},[44,23375,9071],{"class":62},[600,23377,23379,23380],{"id":23378},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23381,16907],{},[20,23383,23384],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23386,23387],{},"Problem example:",[35,23389,23391],{"className":37,"code":23390,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23392,23393,23437,23441,23461,23473],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23394,23395,23397,23399,23401,23403,23405,23407,23409,23411,23413,23415,23417,23419,23421,23423,23425,23427,23429,23431,23433,23435],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23396,3435],{"class":50},[44,23398,55],{"class":54},[44,23400,10313],{"class":62},[44,23402,67],{"class":66},[44,23404,491],{"class":70},[44,23406,67],{"class":66},[44,23408,449],{"class":62},[44,23410,711],{"class":452},[44,23412,186],{"class":62},[44,23414,1438],{"class":66},[44,23416,4587],{"class":70},[44,23418,67],{"class":66},[44,23420,449],{"class":62},[44,23422,2812],{"class":452},[44,23424,186],{"class":62},[44,23426,1438],{"class":66},[44,23428,9561],{"class":70},[44,23430,67],{"class":66},[44,23432,449],{"class":62},[44,23434,2282],{"class":452},[44,23436,9130],{"class":62},[44,23438,23439],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,23440,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,23442,23443,23445,23447,23449,23451,23453,23455,23457,23459],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,23444,5787],{"class":1384},[44,23446,21408],{"class":50},[44,23448,186],{"class":62},[44,23450,21413],{"class":50},[44,23452,3705],{"class":1384},[44,23454,4088],{"class":50},[44,23456,504],{"class":62},[44,23458,7640],{"class":97},[44,23460,21424],{"class":62},[44,23462,23463,23465,23467,23469,23471],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,23464,6227],{"class":1384},[44,23466,21413],{"class":50},[44,23468,4515],{"class":54},[44,23470,2812],{"class":452},[44,23472,1388],{"class":62},[44,23474,23475,23478,23480,23482,23484,23486,23488,23490],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,23476,23477],{"class":50},"        numbers",[44,23479,3723],{"class":62},[44,23481,67],{"class":66},[44,23483,18598],{"class":70},[44,23485,67],{"class":66},[44,23487,13099],{"class":62},[44,23489,13102],{"class":54},[44,23491,23492],{"class":452}," 4\n",[20,23494,23495],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23497,23498],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[35,23500,23502],{"className":37,"code":23501,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23503,23504,23548,23552,23577,23589,23607,23611],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23505,23506,23508,23510,23512,23514,23516,23518,23520,23522,23524,23526,23528,23530,23532,23534,23536,23538,23540,23542,23544,23546],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23507,3435],{"class":50},[44,23509,55],{"class":54},[44,23511,10313],{"class":62},[44,23513,67],{"class":66},[44,23515,491],{"class":70},[44,23517,67],{"class":66},[44,23519,449],{"class":62},[44,23521,711],{"class":452},[44,23523,186],{"class":62},[44,23525,1438],{"class":66},[44,23527,4587],{"class":70},[44,23529,67],{"class":66},[44,23531,449],{"class":62},[44,23533,2812],{"class":452},[44,23535,186],{"class":62},[44,23537,1438],{"class":66},[44,23539,9561],{"class":70},[44,23541,67],{"class":66},[44,23543,449],{"class":62},[44,23545,2282],{"class":452},[44,23547,9130],{"class":62},[44,23549,23550],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,23551,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,23553,23554,23556,23558,23560,23562,23564,23566,23568,23570,23572,23574],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,23555,5787],{"class":1384},[44,23557,21408],{"class":50},[44,23559,186],{"class":62},[44,23561,21413],{"class":50},[44,23563,3705],{"class":1384},[44,23565,22388],{"class":426},[44,23567,63],{"class":62},[44,23569,3467],{"class":97},[44,23571,504],{"class":62},[44,23573,7640],{"class":97},[44,23575,23576],{"class":62},"()):\n",[44,23578,23579,23581,23583,23585,23587],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,23580,6227],{"class":1384},[44,23582,21413],{"class":50},[44,23584,4515],{"class":54},[44,23586,2812],{"class":452},[44,23588,1388],{"class":62},[44,23590,23591,23593,23595,23597,23599,23601,23603,23605],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,23592,23477],{"class":50},[44,23594,3723],{"class":62},[44,23596,67],{"class":66},[44,23598,18598],{"class":70},[44,23600,67],{"class":66},[44,23602,13099],{"class":62},[44,23604,13102],{"class":54},[44,23606,23492],{"class":452},[44,23608,23609],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,23610,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,23612,23613,23615,23617,23619],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,23614,82],{"class":58},[44,23616,63],{"class":62},[44,23618,3467],{"class":97},[44,23620,76],{"class":62},[600,23622,23624],{"id":23623},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23626,23627],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[35,23629,23631],{"className":37,"code":23630,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23632,23633,23665,23669,23685],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23634,23635,23637,23639,23641,23643,23645,23647,23649,23651,23653,23655,23657,23659,23661,23663],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23636,8988],{"class":50},[44,23638,55],{"class":54},[44,23640,10313],{"class":62},[44,23642,67],{"class":66},[44,23644,2003],{"class":70},[44,23646,67],{"class":66},[44,23648,449],{"class":62},[44,23650,5834],{"class":452},[44,23652,186],{"class":62},[44,23654,1438],{"class":66},[44,23656,11570],{"class":70},[44,23658,67],{"class":66},[44,23660,449],{"class":62},[44,23662,7620],{"class":452},[44,23664,9130],{"class":62},[44,23666,23667],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,23668,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,23670,23671,23673,23675,23677,23679,23681,23683],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,23672,5787],{"class":1384},[44,23674,5790],{"class":50},[44,23676,3705],{"class":1384},[44,23678,14393],{"class":50},[44,23680,504],{"class":62},[44,23682,7640],{"class":97},[44,23684,21424],{"class":62},[44,23686,23687,23689,23691,23693],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,23688,1416],{"class":58},[44,23690,63],{"class":62},[44,23692,23139],{"class":97},[44,23694,76],{"class":62},[20,23696,23697],{},[3563,23698,1031],{},[35,23700,23702],{"className":37,"code":23701,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23703,23704,23720],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23705,23706,23708,23710,23712,23714,23716,23718],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23707,63],{"class":62},[44,23709,476],{"class":66},[44,23711,2003],{"class":70},[44,23713,476],{"class":66},[44,23715,186],{"class":62},[44,23717,5834],{"class":452},[44,23719,76],{"class":62},[44,23721,23722,23724,23726,23728,23730,23732,23734],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,23723,63],{"class":62},[44,23725,476],{"class":66},[44,23727,11570],{"class":70},[44,23729,476],{"class":66},[44,23731,186],{"class":62},[44,23733,7620],{"class":452},[44,23735,76],{"class":62},[20,23737,23738,23739,23741],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23740,21483],{}," pair.",[30,23743,1651],{"id":1650},[600,23745,23747,23748,4973],{"id":23746},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23749,16907],{},[20,23751,17251,23752,23754],{},[15,23753,21736],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[600,23756,1655,23758,23760],{"id":23757},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,23759,16907],{}," return a list?",[20,23762,23763,23764,23767],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,23765,23766],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[600,23769,23771,23772,213],{"id":23770},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,23773,16907],{},[20,23775,23776],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[35,23778,23780],{"className":37,"code":23779,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23781,23782,23802],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23783,23784,23786,23788,23790,23792,23794,23796,23798,23800],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23785,5787],{"class":1384},[44,23787,21408],{"class":50},[44,23789,186],{"class":62},[44,23791,21413],{"class":50},[44,23793,3705],{"class":1384},[44,23795,11591],{"class":50},[44,23797,504],{"class":62},[44,23799,7640],{"class":97},[44,23801,21424],{"class":62},[44,23803,23804,23806,23808,23810,23812,23814],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,23805,1416],{"class":58},[44,23807,63],{"class":62},[44,23809,14668],{"class":97},[44,23811,186],{"class":62},[44,23813,8259],{"class":97},[44,23815,76],{"class":62},[600,23817,1655,23819,23821],{"id":23818},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,23820,16907],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,23823,23824],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[30,23826,1719],{"id":1718},[126,23828,23829,23835,23841,23846,23850],{},[129,23830,23831],{},[491,23832,10560,23833,10564],{"href":22715},[15,23834,16894],{},[129,23836,23837],{},[491,23838,10560,23839,10564],{"href":22723},[15,23840,16900],{},[129,23842,23843],{},[491,23844,23845],{"href":22302},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[129,23847,23848],{},[491,23849,8978],{"href":12848},[129,23851,23852],{},[491,23853,23854],{"href":21606},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1758,23856,23857],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":23859},[23860,23861,23863,23864,23865,23867,23868,23870,23872,23881,23891],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":21466,"depth":79,"text":23862},"What items() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":21797,"depth":79,"text":21798},{"id":22023,"depth":79,"text":23866},"Looping with items()",{"id":22306,"depth":79,"text":22307},{"id":22498,"depth":79,"text":23869},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22733,"depth":79,"text":23871},"When to use items()",{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486,"children":23873},[23874,23876,23878,23880],{"id":22928,"depth":419,"text":23875},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23186,"depth":419,"text":23877},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23378,"depth":419,"text":23879},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23623,"depth":419,"text":23624},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":23882},[23883,23885,23887,23889],{"id":23746,"depth":419,"text":23884},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23757,"depth":419,"text":23886},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23770,"depth":419,"text":23888},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23818,"depth":419,"text":23890},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21335,"description":23892},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23899,"title":23900,"body":23901,"description":25992,"extension":1796,"meta":25993,"navigation":807,"path":22715,"seo":25994,"stem":25995,"__hash__":25996},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23902,"toc":25958},[23903,23908,23914,23917,23928,23935,23937,24020,24024,24071,24076,24081,24086,24088,24104,24106,24205,24209,24266,24269,24271,24274,24367,24371,24434,24437,24453,24458,24460,24462,24477,24479,24490,24492,24535,24538,24582,24585,24587,24594,24597,24614,24616,24709,24713,24754,24766,24770,24773,24861,24865,24885,24888,24915,24922,24927,24931,24942,24944,25048,25052,25078,25081,25148,25153,25156,25179,25184,25188,25193,25199,25204,25206,25261,25265,25292,25299,25305,25308,25333,25339,25365,25368,25443,25450,25455,25457,25496,25514,25518,25521,25564,25567,25569,25588,25590,25595,25620,25623,25693,25696,25769,25773,25775,25836,25839,25855,25857,25862,25867,25874,25883,25889,25895,25902,25908,25912,25917,25919,25955],[10,23904,11143,23906,11147],{"id":23905},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23907,16894],{},[20,23909,23910,23911,23913],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,23912,16894],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23915,23916],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[126,23918,23919,23922,23925],{},[129,23920,23921],{},"view the available keys",[129,23923,23924],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[129,23926,23927],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,23929,23930,23932,23933,504],{},[15,23931,16894],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,23934,16843],{},[30,23936,33],{"id":32},[35,23938,23940],{"className":37,"code":23939,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,23941,23942,23978,23992,23996,24006],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23943,23944,23946,23948,23950,23952,23954,23956,23958,23960,23962,23964,23966,23968,23970,23972,23974,23976],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23945,12688],{"class":50},[44,23947,55],{"class":54},[44,23949,10313],{"class":62},[44,23951,67],{"class":66},[44,23953,652],{"class":70},[44,23955,67],{"class":66},[44,23957,449],{"class":62},[44,23959,1438],{"class":66},[44,23961,12705],{"class":70},[44,23963,67],{"class":66},[44,23965,186],{"class":62},[44,23967,1438],{"class":66},[44,23969,414],{"class":70},[44,23971,67],{"class":66},[44,23973,449],{"class":62},[44,23975,7620],{"class":452},[44,23977,9130],{"class":62},[44,23979,23980,23982,23984,23986,23988,23990],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,23981,17071],{"class":50},[44,23983,55],{"class":54},[44,23985,12731],{"class":50},[44,23987,504],{"class":62},[44,23989,16752],{"class":97},[44,23991,345],{"class":62},[44,23993,23994],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,23995,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,23997,23998,24000,24002,24004],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,23999,82],{"class":58},[44,24001,63],{"class":62},[44,24003,16752],{"class":97},[44,24005,76],{"class":62},[44,24007,24008,24010,24012,24014,24016,24018],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,24009,82],{"class":58},[44,24011,63],{"class":62},[44,24013,7921],{"class":426},[44,24015,63],{"class":62},[44,24017,16752],{"class":97},[44,24019,434],{"class":62},[20,24021,24022],{},[3563,24023,1031],{},[35,24025,24027],{"className":37,"code":24026,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24028,24029,24051],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24030,24031,24033,24035,24037,24039,24041,24043,24045,24047,24049],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24032,16843],{"class":97},[44,24034,2804],{"class":62},[44,24036,476],{"class":66},[44,24038,652],{"class":70},[44,24040,476],{"class":66},[44,24042,186],{"class":62},[44,24044,470],{"class":66},[44,24046,414],{"class":70},[44,24048,476],{"class":66},[44,24050,3711],{"class":62},[44,24052,24053,24055,24057,24059,24061,24063,24065,24067,24069],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,24054,3723],{"class":62},[44,24056,476],{"class":66},[44,24058,652],{"class":70},[44,24060,476],{"class":66},[44,24062,186],{"class":62},[44,24064,470],{"class":66},[44,24066,414],{"class":70},[44,24068,476],{"class":66},[44,24070,3453],{"class":62},[20,24072,103,24073,24075],{},[15,24074,16894],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[30,24077,113,24079,116],{"id":24078},"what-keys-does",[15,24080,16894],{},[20,24082,24083,24085],{},[15,24084,16894],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24087,273],{},[126,24089,24090,24093,24096,24101],{},[129,24091,24092],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[129,24094,24095],{},"It does not need any arguments",[129,24097,17251,24098,24100],{},[15,24099,16843],{}," view object, not a list",[129,24102,24103],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24105,145],{},[35,24107,24109],{"className":37,"code":24108,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24110,24111,24147,24151,24165,24169,24191],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24112,24113,24115,24117,24119,24121,24123,24125,24127,24129,24131,24133,24135,24137,24139,24141,24143,24145],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24114,13030],{"class":50},[44,24116,55],{"class":54},[44,24118,10313],{"class":62},[44,24120,67],{"class":66},[44,24122,652],{"class":70},[44,24124,67],{"class":66},[44,24126,449],{"class":62},[44,24128,1438],{"class":66},[44,24130,13047],{"class":70},[44,24132,67],{"class":66},[44,24134,186],{"class":62},[44,24136,1438],{"class":66},[44,24138,414],{"class":70},[44,24140,67],{"class":66},[44,24142,449],{"class":62},[44,24144,9127],{"class":452},[44,24146,9130],{"class":62},[44,24148,24149],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,24150,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,24152,24153,24155,24157,24159,24161,24163],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,24154,82],{"class":58},[44,24156,63],{"class":62},[44,24158,17136],{"class":97},[44,24160,504],{"class":62},[44,24162,16752],{"class":97},[44,24164,7025],{"class":62},[44,24166,24167],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,24168,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,24170,24171,24173,24175,24177,24179,24181,24183,24185,24187,24189],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,24172,17136],{"class":50},[44,24174,3723],{"class":62},[44,24176,67],{"class":66},[44,24178,10231],{"class":70},[44,24180,67],{"class":66},[44,24182,13099],{"class":62},[44,24184,13102],{"class":54},[44,24186,1438],{"class":66},[44,24188,10238],{"class":70},[44,24190,3176],{"class":66},[44,24192,24193,24195,24197,24199,24201,24203],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,24194,82],{"class":58},[44,24196,63],{"class":62},[44,24198,17136],{"class":97},[44,24200,504],{"class":62},[44,24202,16752],{"class":97},[44,24204,7025],{"class":62},[20,24206,24207],{},[3563,24208,1031],{},[35,24210,24212],{"className":37,"code":24211,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24213,24214,24236],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24215,24216,24218,24220,24222,24224,24226,24228,24230,24232,24234],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24217,16843],{"class":97},[44,24219,2804],{"class":62},[44,24221,476],{"class":66},[44,24223,652],{"class":70},[44,24225,476],{"class":66},[44,24227,186],{"class":62},[44,24229,470],{"class":66},[44,24231,414],{"class":70},[44,24233,476],{"class":66},[44,24235,3711],{"class":62},[44,24237,24238,24240,24242,24244,24246,24248,24250,24252,24254,24256,24258,24260,24262,24264],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,24239,16843],{"class":97},[44,24241,2804],{"class":62},[44,24243,476],{"class":66},[44,24245,652],{"class":70},[44,24247,476],{"class":66},[44,24249,186],{"class":62},[44,24251,470],{"class":66},[44,24253,414],{"class":70},[44,24255,476],{"class":66},[44,24257,186],{"class":62},[44,24259,470],{"class":66},[44,24261,10231],{"class":70},[44,24263,476],{"class":66},[44,24265,3711],{"class":62},[20,24267,24268],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[30,24270,5616],{"id":5615},[20,24272,24273],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[35,24275,24277],{"className":37,"code":24276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24278,24279,24331,24335,24349],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24280,24281,24283,24285,24287,24289,24291,24293,24295,24297,24299,24301,24303,24305,24307,24309,24311,24313,24315,24317,24319,24321,24323,24325,24327,24329],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24282,8988],{"class":50},[44,24284,55],{"class":54},[44,24286,10313],{"class":62},[44,24288,67],{"class":66},[44,24290,652],{"class":70},[44,24292,67],{"class":66},[44,24294,449],{"class":62},[44,24296,1438],{"class":66},[44,24298,12705],{"class":70},[44,24300,67],{"class":66},[44,24302,186],{"class":62},[44,24304,1438],{"class":66},[44,24306,414],{"class":70},[44,24308,67],{"class":66},[44,24310,449],{"class":62},[44,24312,7620],{"class":452},[44,24314,186],{"class":62},[44,24316,1438],{"class":66},[44,24318,19721],{"class":70},[44,24320,67],{"class":66},[44,24322,449],{"class":62},[44,24324,1438],{"class":66},[44,24326,22073],{"class":70},[44,24328,67],{"class":66},[44,24330,9130],{"class":62},[44,24332,24333],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,24334,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,24336,24337,24339,24341,24343,24345,24347],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,24338,82],{"class":58},[44,24340,63],{"class":62},[44,24342,9026],{"class":97},[44,24344,504],{"class":62},[44,24346,16752],{"class":97},[44,24348,7025],{"class":62},[44,24350,24351,24353,24355,24357,24359,24361,24363,24365],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,24352,82],{"class":58},[44,24354,63],{"class":62},[44,24356,7921],{"class":426},[44,24358,63],{"class":62},[44,24360,9026],{"class":97},[44,24362,504],{"class":62},[44,24364,16752],{"class":97},[44,24366,6119],{"class":62},[20,24368,24369],{},[3563,24370,1031],{},[35,24372,24374],{"className":37,"code":24373,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24375,24376,24406],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24377,24378,24380,24382,24384,24386,24388,24390,24392,24394,24396,24398,24400,24402,24404],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24379,16843],{"class":97},[44,24381,2804],{"class":62},[44,24383,476],{"class":66},[44,24385,652],{"class":70},[44,24387,476],{"class":66},[44,24389,186],{"class":62},[44,24391,470],{"class":66},[44,24393,414],{"class":70},[44,24395,476],{"class":66},[44,24397,186],{"class":62},[44,24399,470],{"class":66},[44,24401,19721],{"class":70},[44,24403,476],{"class":66},[44,24405,3711],{"class":62},[44,24407,24408,24410,24412,24414,24416,24418,24420,24422,24424,24426,24428,24430,24432],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,24409,3723],{"class":62},[44,24411,476],{"class":66},[44,24413,652],{"class":70},[44,24415,476],{"class":66},[44,24417,186],{"class":62},[44,24419,470],{"class":66},[44,24421,414],{"class":70},[44,24423,476],{"class":66},[44,24425,186],{"class":62},[44,24427,470],{"class":66},[44,24429,19721],{"class":70},[44,24431,476],{"class":66},[44,24433,3453],{"class":62},[20,24435,24436],{},"This shows two things:",[126,24438,24439,24447],{},[129,24440,24441,21803,24444,24446],{},[15,24442,24443],{},"data.keys()",[15,24445,16843],{}," object",[129,24448,24449,24452],{},[15,24450,24451],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24454,8974,24455,504],{},[491,24456,24457],{"href":9212},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[30,24459,5260],{"id":5259},[20,24461,1989],{},[35,24463,24465],{"className":37,"code":24464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24466,24467],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24468,24469,24471,24473,24475],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24470,11275],{"class":50},[44,24472,504],{"class":62},[44,24474,16752],{"class":97},[44,24476,345],{"class":62},[20,24478,21628],{},[126,24480,24481,24484,24487],{},[129,24482,24483],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[129,24485,24486],{},"It takes no parameters",[129,24488,24489],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24491,16484],{},[35,24493,24495],{"className":37,"code":24494,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24496,24497,24521],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24498,24499,24501,24503,24505,24507,24509,24511,24513,24515,24517,24519],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24500,12688],{"class":50},[44,24502,55],{"class":54},[44,24504,10313],{"class":62},[44,24506,67],{"class":66},[44,24508,652],{"class":70},[44,24510,67],{"class":66},[44,24512,449],{"class":62},[44,24514,1438],{"class":66},[44,24516,12705],{"class":70},[44,24518,67],{"class":66},[44,24520,9130],{"class":62},[44,24522,24523,24525,24527,24529,24531,24533],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,24524,82],{"class":58},[44,24526,63],{"class":62},[44,24528,13452],{"class":97},[44,24530,504],{"class":62},[44,24532,16752],{"class":97},[44,24534,7025],{"class":62},[20,24536,24537],{},"Incorrect:",[35,24539,24541],{"className":37,"code":24540,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24542,24543,24567],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24544,24545,24547,24549,24551,24553,24555,24557,24559,24561,24563,24565],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24546,12688],{"class":50},[44,24548,55],{"class":54},[44,24550,10313],{"class":62},[44,24552,67],{"class":66},[44,24554,652],{"class":70},[44,24556,67],{"class":66},[44,24558,449],{"class":62},[44,24560,1438],{"class":66},[44,24562,12705],{"class":70},[44,24564,67],{"class":66},[44,24566,9130],{"class":62},[44,24568,24569,24571,24573,24575,24577,24580],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,24570,82],{"class":58},[44,24572,63],{"class":62},[44,24574,13452],{"class":97},[44,24576,504],{"class":62},[44,24578,16752],{"class":24579},"skxfh",[44,24581,76],{"class":62},[20,24583,24584],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[30,24586,17248],{"id":17247},[20,24588,24589,21803,24591,24593],{},[15,24590,16894],{},[15,24592,16843],{}," object.",[20,24595,24596],{},"This object:",[126,24598,24599,24602,24605,24611],{},[129,24600,24601],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[129,24603,24604],{},"can be used in a loop",[129,24606,24607,24608],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24609,24610],{},"list()",[129,24612,24613],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24615,145],{},[35,24617,24619],{"className":37,"code":24618,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24620,24621,24662,24666,24681,24685,24695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24622,24623,24626,24628,24630,24632,24635,24637,24639,24641,24644,24646,24648,24650,24653,24655,24657,24660],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24624,24625],{"class":50},"car ",[44,24627,55],{"class":54},[44,24629,10313],{"class":62},[44,24631,67],{"class":66},[44,24633,24634],{"class":70},"brand",[44,24636,67],{"class":66},[44,24638,449],{"class":62},[44,24640,1438],{"class":66},[44,24642,24643],{"class":70},"Toyota",[44,24645,67],{"class":66},[44,24647,186],{"class":62},[44,24649,1438],{"class":66},[44,24651,24652],{"class":70},"year",[44,24654,67],{"class":66},[44,24656,449],{"class":62},[44,24658,24659],{"class":452}," 2020",[44,24661,9130],{"class":62},[44,24663,24664],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,24665,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,24667,24668,24670,24672,24675,24677,24679],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,24669,2059],{"class":50},[44,24671,55],{"class":54},[44,24673,24674],{"class":50}," car",[44,24676,504],{"class":62},[44,24678,16752],{"class":97},[44,24680,345],{"class":62},[44,24682,24683],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,24684,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,24686,24687,24689,24691,24693],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,24688,82],{"class":58},[44,24690,63],{"class":62},[44,24692,2094],{"class":97},[44,24694,76],{"class":62},[44,24696,24697,24699,24701,24703,24705,24707],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,24698,82],{"class":58},[44,24700,63],{"class":62},[44,24702,427],{"class":426},[44,24704,63],{"class":62},[44,24706,2094],{"class":97},[44,24708,434],{"class":62},[20,24710,24711],{},[3563,24712,1031],{},[35,24714,24716],{"className":37,"code":24715,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24717,24718,24740],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24719,24720,24722,24724,24726,24728,24730,24732,24734,24736,24738],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24721,16843],{"class":97},[44,24723,2804],{"class":62},[44,24725,476],{"class":66},[44,24727,24634],{"class":70},[44,24729,476],{"class":66},[44,24731,186],{"class":62},[44,24733,470],{"class":66},[44,24735,24652],{"class":70},[44,24737,476],{"class":66},[44,24739,3711],{"class":62},[44,24741,24742,24744,24746,24748,24750,24752],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,24743,463],{"class":54},[44,24745,467],{"class":466},[44,24747,470],{"class":66},[44,24749,16843],{"class":70},[44,24751,476],{"class":66},[44,24753,479],{"class":54},[20,24755,24756,24757,24761,24762,504],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[491,24758,10560,24759,10564],{"href":16897},[15,24760,16900],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[491,24763,10560,24764,10564],{"href":16904},[15,24765,16907],{},[30,24767,24769],{"id":24768},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,24771,24772],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[35,24774,24776],{"className":37,"code":24775,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24777,24778,24831,24835,24851],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24779,24780,24782,24784,24786,24788,24790,24792,24794,24796,24798,24800,24802,24804,24806,24808,24810,24812,24814,24816,24818,24820,24822,24824,24827,24829],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24781,12688],{"class":50},[44,24783,55],{"class":54},[44,24785,10313],{"class":62},[44,24787,67],{"class":66},[44,24789,652],{"class":70},[44,24791,67],{"class":66},[44,24793,449],{"class":62},[44,24795,1438],{"class":66},[44,24797,12705],{"class":70},[44,24799,67],{"class":66},[44,24801,186],{"class":62},[44,24803,1438],{"class":66},[44,24805,414],{"class":70},[44,24807,67],{"class":66},[44,24809,449],{"class":62},[44,24811,7620],{"class":452},[44,24813,186],{"class":62},[44,24815,1438],{"class":66},[44,24817,15156],{"class":70},[44,24819,67],{"class":66},[44,24821,449],{"class":62},[44,24823,1438],{"class":66},[44,24825,24826],{"class":70},"Math",[44,24828,67],{"class":66},[44,24830,9130],{"class":62},[44,24832,24833],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,24834,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,24836,24837,24839,24841,24843,24845,24847,24849],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,24838,5787],{"class":1384},[44,24840,18039],{"class":50},[44,24842,3705],{"class":1384},[44,24844,12731],{"class":50},[44,24846,504],{"class":62},[44,24848,16752],{"class":97},[44,24850,21424],{"class":62},[44,24852,24853,24855,24857,24859],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,24854,1416],{"class":58},[44,24856,63],{"class":62},[44,24858,14668],{"class":97},[44,24860,76],{"class":62},[20,24862,24863],{},[3563,24864,1031],{},[35,24866,24868],{"className":37,"code":24867,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,24869,24870,24875,24880],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24871,24872],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24873,24874],{"class":50},"name\n",[44,24876,24877],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,24878,24879],{"class":50},"age\n",[44,24881,24882],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,24883,24884],{"class":50},"course\n",[20,24886,24887],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[35,24889,24891],{"className":37,"code":24890,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,24892,24893,24905],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24894,24895,24897,24899,24901,24903],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24896,5787],{"class":1384},[44,24898,18039],{"class":50},[44,24900,3705],{"class":1384},[44,24902,12731],{"class":50},[44,24904,1388],{"class":62},[44,24906,24907,24909,24911,24913],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,24908,1416],{"class":58},[44,24910,63],{"class":62},[44,24912,14668],{"class":97},[44,24914,76],{"class":62},[20,24916,24917,24918,24921],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,24919,24920],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[30,24923,4788,24925],{"id":24924},"when-to-use-keys",[15,24926,16894],{},[20,24928,103,24929,10424],{},[15,24930,16894],{},[126,24932,24933,24936,24939],{},[129,24934,24935],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[129,24937,24938],{},"you want to display available fields",[129,24940,24941],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,24943,145],{},[35,24945,24947],{"className":37,"code":24946,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24948,24949,25002,25006,25021,25038],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24950,24951,24954,24956,24958,24960,24962,24964,24966,24968,24971,24973,24975,24977,24980,24982,24984,24987,24989,24991,24994,24996,24998,25000],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24952,24953],{"class":50},"product ",[44,24955,55],{"class":54},[44,24957,10313],{"class":62},[44,24959,67],{"class":66},[44,24961,652],{"class":70},[44,24963,67],{"class":66},[44,24965,449],{"class":62},[44,24967,1438],{"class":66},[44,24969,24970],{"class":70},"Book",[44,24972,67],{"class":66},[44,24974,186],{"class":62},[44,24976,1438],{"class":66},[44,24978,24979],{"class":70},"price",[44,24981,67],{"class":66},[44,24983,449],{"class":62},[44,24985,24986],{"class":452}," 12.99",[44,24988,186],{"class":62},[44,24990,1438],{"class":66},[44,24992,24993],{"class":70},"stock",[44,24995,67],{"class":66},[44,24997,449],{"class":62},[44,24999,4431],{"class":452},[44,25001,9130],{"class":62},[44,25003,25004],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,25005,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,25007,25008,25010,25012,25014,25017,25019],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,25009,82],{"class":58},[44,25011,63],{"class":62},[44,25013,67],{"class":66},[44,25015,25016],{"class":70},"Available fields:",[44,25018,67],{"class":66},[44,25020,76],{"class":62},[44,25022,25023,25025,25027,25029,25032,25034,25036],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,25024,5787],{"class":1384},[44,25026,18039],{"class":50},[44,25028,3705],{"class":1384},[44,25030,25031],{"class":50}," product",[44,25033,504],{"class":62},[44,25035,16752],{"class":97},[44,25037,21424],{"class":62},[44,25039,25040,25042,25044,25046],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,25041,1416],{"class":58},[44,25043,63],{"class":62},[44,25045,14668],{"class":97},[44,25047,76],{"class":62},[20,25049,25050],{},[3563,25051,1031],{},[35,25053,25055],{"className":37,"code":25054,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25056,25057,25064,25068,25073],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25058,25059,25062],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25060,25061],{"class":50},"Available fields",[44,25063,1388],{"class":62},[44,25065,25066],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,25067,24874],{"class":50},[44,25069,25070],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,25071,25072],{"class":50},"price\n",[44,25074,25075],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,25076,25077],{"class":50},"stock\n",[20,25079,25080],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[35,25082,25084],{"className":37,"code":25083,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25085,25086,25122,25126],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25087,25088,25090,25092,25094,25096,25098,25100,25102,25104,25106,25108,25110,25112,25114,25116,25118,25120],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25089,24953],{"class":50},[44,25091,55],{"class":54},[44,25093,10313],{"class":62},[44,25095,67],{"class":66},[44,25097,652],{"class":70},[44,25099,67],{"class":66},[44,25101,449],{"class":62},[44,25103,1438],{"class":66},[44,25105,24970],{"class":70},[44,25107,67],{"class":66},[44,25109,186],{"class":62},[44,25111,1438],{"class":66},[44,25113,24979],{"class":70},[44,25115,67],{"class":66},[44,25117,449],{"class":62},[44,25119,24986],{"class":452},[44,25121,9130],{"class":62},[44,25123,25124],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,25125,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,25127,25128,25130,25132,25134,25136,25138,25140,25142,25144,25146],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,25129,82],{"class":58},[44,25131,63],{"class":62},[44,25133,67],{"class":66},[44,25135,652],{"class":70},[44,25137,67],{"class":66},[44,25139,21002],{"class":1384},[44,25141,25031],{"class":97},[44,25143,504],{"class":62},[44,25145,16752],{"class":97},[44,25147,7025],{"class":62},[20,25149,25150,25151,504],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25152,3420],{},[20,25154,25155],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[35,25157,25159],{"className":37,"code":25158,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25160,25161],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25162,25163,25165,25167,25169,25171,25173,25175,25177],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25164,82],{"class":58},[44,25166,63],{"class":62},[44,25168,67],{"class":66},[44,25170,652],{"class":70},[44,25172,67],{"class":66},[44,25174,21002],{"class":1384},[44,25176,25031],{"class":97},[44,25178,76],{"class":62},[20,25180,25181,25182,504],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[491,25183,21035],{"href":16982},[30,25185,25187],{"id":25186},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25189,25190,25191,504],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25192,16894],{},[600,25194,8279,25196,25198],{"id":25195},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25197,16894],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25200,25201,25203],{},[15,25202,16894],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25205,145],{},[35,25207,25209],{"className":37,"code":25208,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25210,25211,25247],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25212,25213,25215,25217,25219,25221,25223,25225,25227,25229,25231,25233,25235,25237,25239,25241,25243,25245],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25214,8988],{"class":50},[44,25216,55],{"class":54},[44,25218,10313],{"class":62},[44,25220,67],{"class":66},[44,25222,652],{"class":70},[44,25224,67],{"class":66},[44,25226,449],{"class":62},[44,25228,1438],{"class":66},[44,25230,12705],{"class":70},[44,25232,67],{"class":66},[44,25234,186],{"class":62},[44,25236,1438],{"class":66},[44,25238,414],{"class":70},[44,25240,67],{"class":66},[44,25242,449],{"class":62},[44,25244,7620],{"class":452},[44,25246,9130],{"class":62},[44,25248,25249,25251,25253,25255,25257,25259],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,25250,82],{"class":58},[44,25252,63],{"class":62},[44,25254,9026],{"class":97},[44,25256,504],{"class":62},[44,25258,16752],{"class":97},[44,25260,7025],{"class":62},[20,25262,25263],{},[3563,25264,1031],{},[35,25266,25268],{"className":37,"code":25267,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25269,25270],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25271,25272,25274,25276,25278,25280,25282,25284,25286,25288,25290],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25273,16843],{"class":97},[44,25275,2804],{"class":62},[44,25277,476],{"class":66},[44,25279,652],{"class":70},[44,25281,476],{"class":66},[44,25283,186],{"class":62},[44,25285,470],{"class":66},[44,25287,414],{"class":70},[44,25289,476],{"class":66},[44,25291,3711],{"class":62},[20,25293,25294,25295,504],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[491,25296,25297],{"href":16904},[15,25298,16907],{},[600,25300,25302,25303],{"id":25301},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25304,16843],{},[20,25306,25307],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[35,25309,25311],{"className":37,"code":25310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25312,25313],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25314,25315,25317,25319,25321,25323,25325,25327,25329,25331],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25316,3723],{"class":62},[44,25318,476],{"class":66},[44,25320,652],{"class":70},[44,25322,476],{"class":66},[44,25324,186],{"class":62},[44,25326,470],{"class":66},[44,25328,414],{"class":70},[44,25330,476],{"class":66},[44,25332,3453],{"class":62},[20,25334,25335,25336,25338],{},"But ",[15,25337,16894],{}," returns:",[35,25340,25341],{"className":37,"code":25267,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,25342,25343],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25344,25345,25347,25349,25351,25353,25355,25357,25359,25361,25363],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25346,16843],{"class":97},[44,25348,2804],{"class":62},[44,25350,476],{"class":66},[44,25352,652],{"class":70},[44,25354,476],{"class":66},[44,25356,186],{"class":62},[44,25358,470],{"class":66},[44,25360,414],{"class":70},[44,25362,476],{"class":66},[44,25364,3711],{"class":62},[20,25366,25367],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[35,25369,25371],{"className":37,"code":25370,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25372,25373,25409,25428,25432],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25374,25375,25377,25379,25381,25383,25385,25387,25389,25391,25393,25395,25397,25399,25401,25403,25405,25407],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25376,8988],{"class":50},[44,25378,55],{"class":54},[44,25380,10313],{"class":62},[44,25382,67],{"class":66},[44,25384,652],{"class":70},[44,25386,67],{"class":66},[44,25388,449],{"class":62},[44,25390,1438],{"class":66},[44,25392,12705],{"class":70},[44,25394,67],{"class":66},[44,25396,186],{"class":62},[44,25398,1438],{"class":66},[44,25400,414],{"class":70},[44,25402,67],{"class":66},[44,25404,449],{"class":62},[44,25406,7620],{"class":452},[44,25408,9130],{"class":62},[44,25410,25411,25414,25416,25418,25420,25422,25424,25426],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,25412,25413],{"class":50},"key_list ",[44,25415,55],{"class":54},[44,25417,22388],{"class":426},[44,25419,63],{"class":62},[44,25421,9026],{"class":97},[44,25423,504],{"class":62},[44,25425,16752],{"class":97},[44,25427,7025],{"class":62},[44,25429,25430],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,25431,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,25433,25434,25436,25438,25441],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,25435,82],{"class":58},[44,25437,63],{"class":62},[44,25439,25440],{"class":97},"key_list",[44,25442,76],{"class":62},[600,25444,25446,25447,25449],{"id":25445},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25448,16894],{}," on a list or string",[20,25451,25452,25454],{},[15,25453,16894],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25456,2660],{},[35,25458,25460],{"className":37,"code":25459,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25461,25462,25482],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25463,25464,25466,25468,25470,25472,25474,25476,25478,25480],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25465,3435],{"class":50},[44,25467,55],{"class":54},[44,25469,3440],{"class":62},[44,25471,2807],{"class":452},[44,25473,186],{"class":62},[44,25475,2812],{"class":452},[44,25477,186],{"class":62},[44,25479,2282],{"class":452},[44,25481,3453],{"class":62},[44,25483,25484,25486,25488,25490,25492,25494],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,25485,82],{"class":58},[44,25487,63],{"class":62},[44,25489,3467],{"class":97},[44,25491,504],{"class":62},[44,25493,16752],{"class":97},[44,25495,7025],{"class":62},[20,25497,25498,25499,25502,25503,25505,25506,504],{},"You may get an ",[15,25500,25501],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25504,16894],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[491,25507,25509,25510,25513],{"href":25508},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25511,25512],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[600,25515,25517],{"id":25516},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25519,25520],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[35,25522,25524],{"className":37,"code":25523,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25525,25526,25550],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25527,25528,25530,25532,25534,25536,25538,25540,25542,25544,25546,25548],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25529,8988],{"class":50},[44,25531,55],{"class":54},[44,25533,10313],{"class":62},[44,25535,67],{"class":66},[44,25537,652],{"class":70},[44,25539,67],{"class":66},[44,25541,449],{"class":62},[44,25543,1438],{"class":66},[44,25545,12705],{"class":70},[44,25547,67],{"class":66},[44,25549,9130],{"class":62},[44,25551,25552,25554,25556,25558,25560,25562],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,25553,82],{"class":58},[44,25555,63],{"class":62},[44,25557,9026],{"class":97},[44,25559,504],{"class":62},[44,25561,16752],{"class":24579},[44,25563,76],{"class":62},[20,25565,25566],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25568,18525],{},[35,25570,25572],{"className":37,"code":25571,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25573,25574],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25575,25576,25578,25580,25582,25584,25586],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25577,82],{"class":58},[44,25579,63],{"class":62},[44,25581,9026],{"class":97},[44,25583,504],{"class":62},[44,25585,16752],{"class":97},[44,25587,7025],{"class":62},[30,25589,1486],{"id":1485},[20,25591,25592,25593,449],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25594,16894],{},[126,25596,25597,25602,25608,25614],{},[129,25598,8243,25599,25601],{},[15,25600,16894],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[129,25603,25604,25605,25607],{},"Thinking ",[15,25606,16894],{}," returns values too",[129,25609,25610,25611,25613],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25612,16843],{}," like a normal list",[129,25615,25616,25617,25619],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25618,16843],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25621,25622],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[35,25624,25626],{"className":37,"code":25625,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25627,25628,25660,25674,25678,25688],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25629,25630,25632,25634,25636,25638,25640,25642,25644,25646,25648,25650,25652,25654,25656,25658],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25631,8988],{"class":50},[44,25633,55],{"class":54},[44,25635,10313],{"class":62},[44,25637,67],{"class":66},[44,25639,491],{"class":70},[44,25641,67],{"class":66},[44,25643,449],{"class":62},[44,25645,711],{"class":452},[44,25647,186],{"class":62},[44,25649,1438],{"class":66},[44,25651,4587],{"class":70},[44,25653,67],{"class":66},[44,25655,449],{"class":62},[44,25657,2812],{"class":452},[44,25659,9130],{"class":62},[44,25661,25662,25664,25666,25668,25670,25672],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,25663,17071],{"class":50},[44,25665,55],{"class":54},[44,25667,14393],{"class":50},[44,25669,504],{"class":62},[44,25671,16752],{"class":97},[44,25673,345],{"class":62},[44,25675,25676],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,25677,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,25679,25680,25682,25684,25686],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,25681,82],{"class":58},[44,25683,63],{"class":62},[44,25685,16752],{"class":97},[44,25687,76],{"class":62},[44,25689,25690],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,25691,25692],{"class":3483},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25694,25695],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[35,25697,25699],{"className":37,"code":25698,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25700,25701,25733,25751,25755],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25702,25703,25705,25707,25709,25711,25713,25715,25717,25719,25721,25723,25725,25727,25729,25731],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25704,8988],{"class":50},[44,25706,55],{"class":54},[44,25708,10313],{"class":62},[44,25710,67],{"class":66},[44,25712,491],{"class":70},[44,25714,67],{"class":66},[44,25716,449],{"class":62},[44,25718,711],{"class":452},[44,25720,186],{"class":62},[44,25722,1438],{"class":66},[44,25724,4587],{"class":70},[44,25726,67],{"class":66},[44,25728,449],{"class":62},[44,25730,2812],{"class":452},[44,25732,9130],{"class":62},[44,25734,25735,25737,25739,25741,25743,25745,25747,25749],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,25736,17071],{"class":50},[44,25738,55],{"class":54},[44,25740,22388],{"class":426},[44,25742,63],{"class":62},[44,25744,9026],{"class":97},[44,25746,504],{"class":62},[44,25748,16752],{"class":97},[44,25750,7025],{"class":62},[44,25752,25753],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,25754,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,25756,25757,25759,25761,25763,25765,25767],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,25758,82],{"class":58},[44,25760,63],{"class":62},[44,25762,16752],{"class":97},[44,25764,3723],{"class":62},[44,25766,1951],{"class":452},[44,25768,3711],{"class":62},[30,25770,25772],{"id":25771},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,25774,10937],{},[35,25776,25778],{"className":37,"code":25777,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,25779,25780,25794,25804,25818],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25781,25782,25784,25786,25788,25790,25792],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25783,82],{"class":58},[44,25785,63],{"class":62},[44,25787,427],{"class":426},[44,25789,63],{"class":62},[44,25791,11275],{"class":97},[44,25793,434],{"class":62},[44,25795,25796,25798,25800,25802],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,25797,82],{"class":58},[44,25799,63],{"class":62},[44,25801,11275],{"class":97},[44,25803,76],{"class":62},[44,25805,25806,25808,25810,25812,25814,25816],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,25807,82],{"class":58},[44,25809,63],{"class":62},[44,25811,11275],{"class":97},[44,25813,504],{"class":62},[44,25815,16752],{"class":97},[44,25817,7025],{"class":62},[44,25819,25820,25822,25824,25826,25828,25830,25832,25834],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,25821,82],{"class":58},[44,25823,63],{"class":62},[44,25825,7921],{"class":426},[44,25827,63],{"class":62},[44,25829,11275],{"class":97},[44,25831,504],{"class":62},[44,25833,16752],{"class":97},[44,25835,6119],{"class":62},[20,25837,25838],{},"These help you confirm:",[126,25840,25841,25844,25847,25852],{},[129,25842,25843],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[129,25845,25846],{},"what data it contains",[129,25848,25849,25850,370],{},"what ",[15,25851,16894],{},[129,25853,25854],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[30,25856,1651],{"id":1650},[600,25858,23747,25860,4973],{"id":25859},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,25861,16894],{},[20,25863,17251,25864,25866],{},[15,25865,16843],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[600,25868,14730,25870,25873],{"id":25869},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,25871,25872],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,25875,25876,25877,25879,25880,504],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,25878,16843],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,25881,25882],{},"list(dict.keys())",[600,25884,25886,25887,213],{"id":25885},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,25888,25872],{},[20,25890,25891,25892,25894],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,25893,5787],{}," loop.",[600,25896,25898,25899,25901],{"id":25897},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,25900,16894],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,25903,25904,25905,25907],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,25906,16894],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[600,25909,25911],{"id":25910},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,25913,103,25914,504],{},[15,25915,25916],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[30,25918,1719],{"id":1718},[126,25920,25921,25926,25932,25938,25944,25948],{},[129,25922,25923],{},[491,25924,25925],{"href":9212},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[129,25927,25928],{},[491,25929,10560,25930,10564],{"href":16897},[15,25931,16900],{},[129,25933,25934],{},[491,25935,10560,25936,10564],{"href":16904},[15,25937,16907],{},[129,25939,25940],{},[491,25941,25943],{"href":25942},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[129,25945,25946],{},[491,25947,16983],{"href":16982},[129,25949,25950],{},[491,25951,25952,25953,25513],{"href":25508},"How to fix ",[15,25954,25512],{},[1758,25956,25957],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":25959},[25960,25961,25963,25964,25965,25966,25967,25969,25978,25979,25980,25991],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":24078,"depth":79,"text":25962},"What keys() does",{"id":5615,"depth":79,"text":5616},{"id":5259,"depth":79,"text":5260},{"id":17247,"depth":79,"text":17248},{"id":24768,"depth":79,"text":24769},{"id":24924,"depth":79,"text":25968},"When to use keys()",{"id":25186,"depth":79,"text":25187,"children":25970},[25971,25973,25975,25977],{"id":25195,"depth":419,"text":25972},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25301,"depth":419,"text":25974},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25445,"depth":419,"text":25976},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25516,"depth":419,"text":25517},{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486},{"id":25771,"depth":79,"text":25772},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":25981},[25982,25984,25986,25988,25990],{"id":25859,"depth":419,"text":25983},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25869,"depth":419,"text":25985},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25885,"depth":419,"text":25987},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25897,"depth":419,"text":25989},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25910,"depth":419,"text":25911},{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23900,"description":25992},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":25998,"title":25999,"body":26000,"description":28273,"extension":1796,"meta":28274,"navigation":807,"path":28275,"seo":28276,"stem":28277,"__hash__":28278},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26001,"toc":28226},[26002,26007,26012,26015,26017,26163,26176,26181,26185,26199,26201,26304,26313,26315,26318,26356,26381,26383,26490,26492,26499,26502,26510,26512,26653,26661,26666,26670,26681,26683,26845,26848,26856,26863,26869,26966,26972,27049,27052,27064,27069,27075,27078,27082,27171,27174,27178,27282,27289,27376,27385,27387,27392,27398,27401,27447,27450,27516,27525,27531,27624,27630,27636,27679,27682,27747,27753,27845,27848,27852,27858,27883,27886,27982,27989,27991,27996,28087,28089,28117,28122,28124,28131,28134,28138,28148,28153,28156,28163,28173,28180,28188,28190,28223],[10,26003,11143,26005,11147],{"id":26004},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26006,12587],{},[20,26008,26009,26011],{},[15,26010,12394],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26013,26014],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[30,26016,3425],{"id":3424},[35,26018,26020],{"className":37,"code":26019,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26021,26022,26058,26082,26096,26109,26113,26118,26150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26023,26024,26026,26028,26030,26032,26034,26036,26038,26040,26042,26044,26046,26048,26050,26052,26054,26056],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26025,13030],{"class":50},[44,26027,55],{"class":54},[44,26029,10313],{"class":62},[44,26031,67],{"class":66},[44,26033,652],{"class":70},[44,26035,67],{"class":66},[44,26037,449],{"class":62},[44,26039,1438],{"class":66},[44,26041,12705],{"class":70},[44,26043,67],{"class":66},[44,26045,186],{"class":62},[44,26047,1438],{"class":66},[44,26049,414],{"class":70},[44,26051,67],{"class":66},[44,26053,449],{"class":62},[44,26055,9127],{"class":452},[44,26057,9130],{"class":62},[44,26059,26060,26063,26065,26067,26069,26072,26074,26076,26078,26080],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,26061,26062],{"class":50},"removed_age ",[44,26064,55],{"class":54},[44,26066,13073],{"class":50},[44,26068,504],{"class":62},[44,26070,26071],{"class":97},"pop",[44,26073,63],{"class":62},[44,26075,67],{"class":66},[44,26077,414],{"class":70},[44,26079,67],{"class":66},[44,26081,76],{"class":62},[44,26083,26084,26086,26088,26091,26093],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,26085,82],{"class":58},[44,26087,63],{"class":62},[44,26089,26090],{"class":97},"removed_age",[44,26092,3480],{"class":62},[44,26094,26095],{"class":3483},"   # 25\n",[44,26097,26098,26100,26102,26104,26106],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,26099,82],{"class":58},[44,26101,63],{"class":62},[44,26103,17136],{"class":97},[44,26105,3480],{"class":62},[44,26107,26108],{"class":3483},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[44,26110,26111],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,26112,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,26114,26115],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,26116,26117],{"class":3483},"# Safe version with default value\n",[44,26119,26120,26123,26125,26127,26129,26131,26133,26135,26137,26139,26141,26143,26146,26148],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,26121,26122],{"class":50},"country ",[44,26124,55],{"class":54},[44,26126,13073],{"class":50},[44,26128,504],{"class":62},[44,26130,26071],{"class":97},[44,26132,63],{"class":62},[44,26134,67],{"class":66},[44,26136,15089],{"class":70},[44,26138,67],{"class":66},[44,26140,186],{"class":62},[44,26142,1438],{"class":66},[44,26144,26145],{"class":70},"Not found",[44,26147,67],{"class":66},[44,26149,76],{"class":62},[44,26151,26152,26154,26156,26158,26160],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,26153,82],{"class":58},[44,26155,63],{"class":62},[44,26157,15089],{"class":97},[44,26159,3480],{"class":62},[44,26161,26162],{"class":3483},"       # Not found\n",[20,26164,103,26165,26168,26169,26172,26173,26175],{},[15,26166,26167],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26170,26171],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26174,19517],{}," when the key might not exist.",[30,26177,113,26179,116],{"id":26178},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26180,12394],{},[20,26182,26183,449],{},[15,26184,12394],{},[126,26186,26187,26190,26193,26196],{},[129,26188,26189],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[129,26191,26192],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[129,26194,26195],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[129,26197,26198],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26200,145],{},[35,26202,26204],{"className":37,"code":26203,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26205,26206,26246,26250,26273,26277,26291],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26207,26208,26210,26212,26214,26216,26218,26220,26222,26224,26226,26228,26230,26232,26234,26236,26238,26240,26242,26244],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26209,11313],{"class":50},[44,26211,55],{"class":54},[44,26213,10313],{"class":62},[44,26215,67],{"class":66},[44,26217,652],{"class":70},[44,26219,67],{"class":66},[44,26221,449],{"class":62},[44,26223,1438],{"class":66},[44,26225,13047],{"class":70},[44,26227,67],{"class":66},[44,26229,186],{"class":62},[44,26231,1438],{"class":66},[44,26233,10231],{"class":70},[44,26235,67],{"class":66},[44,26237,449],{"class":62},[44,26239,1438],{"class":66},[44,26241,10238],{"class":70},[44,26243,67],{"class":66},[44,26245,9130],{"class":62},[44,26247,26248],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,26249,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,26251,26252,26255,26257,26259,26261,26263,26265,26267,26269,26271],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,26253,26254],{"class":50},"removed_city ",[44,26256,55],{"class":54},[44,26258,11396],{"class":50},[44,26260,504],{"class":62},[44,26262,26071],{"class":97},[44,26264,63],{"class":62},[44,26266,67],{"class":66},[44,26268,10231],{"class":70},[44,26270,67],{"class":66},[44,26272,76],{"class":62},[44,26274,26275],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,26276,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,26278,26279,26281,26283,26286,26288],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,26280,82],{"class":58},[44,26282,63],{"class":62},[44,26284,26285],{"class":97},"removed_city",[44,26287,3480],{"class":62},[44,26289,26290],{"class":3483},"  # Paris\n",[44,26292,26293,26295,26297,26299,26301],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,26294,82],{"class":58},[44,26296,63],{"class":62},[44,26298,11407],{"class":97},[44,26300,3480],{"class":62},[44,26302,26303],{"class":3483},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26305,20599,26306,26309,26310,504],{},[15,26307,26308],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26311,26312],{},"\"Paris\"",[30,26314,250],{"id":249},[20,26316,26317],{},"There are two common forms:",[35,26319,26321],{"className":37,"code":26320,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26322,26323,26337],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26324,26325,26327,26329,26331,26333,26335],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26326,11275],{"class":50},[44,26328,504],{"class":62},[44,26330,26071],{"class":97},[44,26332,63],{"class":62},[44,26334,14668],{"class":97},[44,26336,76],{"class":62},[44,26338,26339,26341,26343,26345,26347,26349,26351,26354],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,26340,11275],{"class":50},[44,26342,504],{"class":62},[44,26344,26071],{"class":97},[44,26346,63],{"class":62},[44,26348,14668],{"class":97},[44,26350,186],{"class":62},[44,26352,26353],{"class":97}," default",[44,26355,76],{"class":62},[126,26357,26358,26364,26372,26378],{},[129,26359,26360,26363],{},[15,26361,26362],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[129,26365,26366,26368,26369,26371],{},[15,26367,26362],{}," raises ",[15,26370,19517],{}," if the key is missing",[129,26373,26374,26377],{},[15,26375,26376],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[129,26379,26380],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26382,145],{},[35,26384,26386],{"className":37,"code":26385,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26387,26388,26420,26424,26449,26477],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26389,26390,26392,26394,26396,26398,26400,26402,26404,26406,26408,26410,26412,26414,26416,26418],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26391,4891],{"class":50},[44,26393,55],{"class":54},[44,26395,10313],{"class":62},[44,26397,67],{"class":66},[44,26399,18247],{"class":70},[44,26401,67],{"class":66},[44,26403,449],{"class":62},[44,26405,19728],{"class":452},[44,26407,186],{"class":62},[44,26409,1438],{"class":66},[44,26411,18256],{"class":70},[44,26413,67],{"class":66},[44,26415,449],{"class":62},[44,26417,13333],{"class":452},[44,26419,9130],{"class":62},[44,26421,26422],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,26423,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,26425,26426,26428,26430,26432,26434,26436,26438,26440,26442,26444,26446],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,26427,82],{"class":58},[44,26429,63],{"class":62},[44,26431,16217],{"class":97},[44,26433,504],{"class":62},[44,26435,26071],{"class":97},[44,26437,63],{"class":62},[44,26439,67],{"class":66},[44,26441,18247],{"class":70},[44,26443,67],{"class":66},[44,26445,5190],{"class":62},[44,26447,26448],{"class":3483},"         # 90\n",[44,26450,26451,26453,26455,26457,26459,26461,26463,26465,26467,26469,26471,26473,26475],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,26452,82],{"class":58},[44,26454,63],{"class":62},[44,26456,16217],{"class":97},[44,26458,504],{"class":62},[44,26460,26071],{"class":97},[44,26462,63],{"class":62},[44,26464,67],{"class":66},[44,26466,18265],{"class":70},[44,26468,67],{"class":66},[44,26470,186],{"class":62},[44,26472,3655],{"class":452},[44,26474,5190],{"class":62},[44,26476,20596],{"class":3483},[44,26478,26479,26481,26483,26485,26487],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,26480,82],{"class":58},[44,26482,63],{"class":62},[44,26484,16217],{"class":97},[44,26486,3480],{"class":62},[44,26488,26489],{"class":3483},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[30,26491,17248],{"id":17247},[20,26493,26494,13880,26496,26498],{},[15,26495,12587],{},[3563,26497,4457],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26500,26501],{},"Instead, it returns:",[126,26503,26504,26507],{},[129,26505,26506],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[129,26508,26509],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26511,145],{},[35,26513,26515],{"className":37,"code":26514,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26516,26517,26549,26553,26576,26608,26612,26626,26640],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26518,26519,26521,26523,26525,26527,26529,26531,26533,26535,26537,26539,26541,26543,26545,26547],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26520,8988],{"class":50},[44,26522,55],{"class":54},[44,26524,10313],{"class":62},[44,26526,67],{"class":66},[44,26528,491],{"class":70},[44,26530,67],{"class":66},[44,26532,449],{"class":62},[44,26534,5834],{"class":452},[44,26536,186],{"class":62},[44,26538,1438],{"class":66},[44,26540,4587],{"class":70},[44,26542,67],{"class":66},[44,26544,449],{"class":62},[44,26546,7620],{"class":452},[44,26548,9130],{"class":62},[44,26550,26551],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,26552,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,26554,26555,26558,26560,26562,26564,26566,26568,26570,26572,26574],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,26556,26557],{"class":50},"result1 ",[44,26559,55],{"class":54},[44,26561,14393],{"class":50},[44,26563,504],{"class":62},[44,26565,26071],{"class":97},[44,26567,63],{"class":62},[44,26569,67],{"class":66},[44,26571,491],{"class":70},[44,26573,67],{"class":66},[44,26575,76],{"class":62},[44,26577,26578,26581,26583,26585,26587,26589,26591,26593,26595,26597,26599,26601,26604,26606],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,26579,26580],{"class":50},"result2 ",[44,26582,55],{"class":54},[44,26584,14393],{"class":50},[44,26586,504],{"class":62},[44,26588,26071],{"class":97},[44,26590,63],{"class":62},[44,26592,67],{"class":66},[44,26594,9561],{"class":70},[44,26596,67],{"class":66},[44,26598,186],{"class":62},[44,26600,1438],{"class":66},[44,26602,26603],{"class":70},"missing",[44,26605,67],{"class":66},[44,26607,76],{"class":62},[44,26609,26610],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,26611,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,26613,26614,26616,26618,26621,26623],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,26615,82],{"class":58},[44,26617,63],{"class":62},[44,26619,26620],{"class":97},"result1",[44,26622,3480],{"class":62},[44,26624,26625],{"class":3483},"  # 10\n",[44,26627,26628,26630,26632,26635,26637],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,26629,82],{"class":58},[44,26631,63],{"class":62},[44,26633,26634],{"class":97},"result2",[44,26636,3480],{"class":62},[44,26638,26639],{"class":3483},"  # missing\n",[44,26641,26642,26644,26646,26648,26650],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,26643,82],{"class":58},[44,26645,63],{"class":62},[44,26647,9026],{"class":97},[44,26649,3480],{"class":62},[44,26651,26652],{"class":3483},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26654,26655,26656,6461],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[491,26657,26658],{"href":10559},[15,26659,26660],{},"dict.get()",[30,26662,4788,26664],{"id":26663},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26665,12587],{},[20,26667,103,26668,10424],{},[15,26669,12587],{},[126,26671,26672,26675,26678],{},[129,26673,26674],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[129,26676,26677],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[129,26679,26680],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26682,145],{},[35,26684,26686],{"className":37,"code":26685,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26687,26688,26740,26744,26771,26775,26799,26803,26817,26831],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26689,26690,26692,26694,26696,26698,26700,26702,26704,26706,26709,26711,26713,26715,26717,26719,26721,26724,26726,26728,26731,26733,26735,26738],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26691,24953],{"class":50},[44,26693,55],{"class":54},[44,26695,10313],{"class":62},[44,26697,67],{"class":66},[44,26699,652],{"class":70},[44,26701,67],{"class":66},[44,26703,449],{"class":62},[44,26705,1438],{"class":66},[44,26707,26708],{"class":70},"Laptop",[44,26710,67],{"class":66},[44,26712,186],{"class":62},[44,26714,1438],{"class":66},[44,26716,24979],{"class":70},[44,26718,67],{"class":66},[44,26720,449],{"class":62},[44,26722,26723],{"class":452}," 1200",[44,26725,186],{"class":62},[44,26727,1438],{"class":66},[44,26729,26730],{"class":70},"discount",[44,26732,67],{"class":66},[44,26734,449],{"class":62},[44,26736,26737],{"class":452}," 200",[44,26739,9130],{"class":62},[44,26741,26742],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,26743,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,26745,26746,26749,26751,26753,26755,26757,26759,26761,26763,26765,26767,26769],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,26747,26748],{"class":50},"discount_amount ",[44,26750,55],{"class":54},[44,26752,25031],{"class":50},[44,26754,504],{"class":62},[44,26756,26071],{"class":97},[44,26758,63],{"class":62},[44,26760,67],{"class":66},[44,26762,26730],{"class":70},[44,26764,67],{"class":66},[44,26766,186],{"class":62},[44,26768,3655],{"class":452},[44,26770,76],{"class":62},[44,26772,26773],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,26774,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,26776,26777,26780,26782,26784,26786,26788,26790,26792,26794,26796],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,26778,26779],{"class":50},"final_price ",[44,26781,55],{"class":54},[44,26783,25031],{"class":50},[44,26785,3723],{"class":62},[44,26787,67],{"class":66},[44,26789,24979],{"class":70},[44,26791,67],{"class":66},[44,26793,13099],{"class":62},[44,26795,2051],{"class":54},[44,26797,26798],{"class":50}," discount_amount\n",[44,26800,26801],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,26802,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,26804,26805,26807,26809,26812,26814],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,26806,82],{"class":58},[44,26808,63],{"class":62},[44,26810,26811],{"class":97},"discount_amount",[44,26813,3480],{"class":62},[44,26815,26816],{"class":3483},"  # 200\n",[44,26818,26819,26821,26823,26826,26828],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,26820,82],{"class":58},[44,26822,63],{"class":62},[44,26824,26825],{"class":97},"final_price",[44,26827,3480],{"class":62},[44,26829,26830],{"class":3483},"      # 1000\n",[44,26832,26833,26835,26837,26840,26842],{"class":46,"line":6261},[44,26834,82],{"class":58},[44,26836,63],{"class":62},[44,26838,26839],{"class":97},"product",[44,26841,3480],{"class":62},[44,26843,26844],{"class":3483},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,26846,26847],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[30,26849,26851,10408,26853],{"id":26850},"pop-vs-del",[15,26852,12587],{},[15,26854,26855],{},"del",[20,26857,10413,26858,1126,26860,26862],{},[15,26859,12587],{},[15,26861,26855],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[600,26864,103,26866,26868],{"id":26865},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,26867,12587],{}," when you need the removed value",[35,26870,26872],{"className":37,"code":26871,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26873,26874,26910,26914,26936,26940,26953],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26875,26876,26878,26880,26882,26884,26886,26888,26890,26892,26894,26896,26898,26900,26902,26904,26906,26908],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26877,13030],{"class":50},[44,26879,55],{"class":54},[44,26881,10313],{"class":62},[44,26883,67],{"class":66},[44,26885,652],{"class":70},[44,26887,67],{"class":66},[44,26889,449],{"class":62},[44,26891,1438],{"class":66},[44,26893,12705],{"class":70},[44,26895,67],{"class":66},[44,26897,186],{"class":62},[44,26899,1438],{"class":66},[44,26901,414],{"class":70},[44,26903,67],{"class":66},[44,26905,449],{"class":62},[44,26907,9127],{"class":452},[44,26909,9130],{"class":62},[44,26911,26912],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,26913,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,26915,26916,26918,26920,26922,26924,26926,26928,26930,26932,26934],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,26917,390],{"class":50},[44,26919,55],{"class":54},[44,26921,13073],{"class":50},[44,26923,504],{"class":62},[44,26925,26071],{"class":97},[44,26927,63],{"class":62},[44,26929,67],{"class":66},[44,26931,414],{"class":70},[44,26933,67],{"class":66},[44,26935,76],{"class":62},[44,26937,26938],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,26939,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,26941,26942,26944,26946,26948,26950],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,26943,82],{"class":58},[44,26945,63],{"class":62},[44,26947,414],{"class":97},[44,26949,3480],{"class":62},[44,26951,26952],{"class":3483},"     # 25\n",[44,26954,26955,26957,26959,26961,26963],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,26956,82],{"class":58},[44,26958,63],{"class":62},[44,26960,17136],{"class":97},[44,26962,3480],{"class":62},[44,26964,26965],{"class":3483},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[600,26967,103,26969,26971],{"id":26968},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,26970,26855],{}," when you only want deletion",[35,26973,26975],{"className":37,"code":26974,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26976,26977,27013,27017,27033,27037],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26978,26979,26981,26983,26985,26987,26989,26991,26993,26995,26997,26999,27001,27003,27005,27007,27009,27011],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26980,13030],{"class":50},[44,26982,55],{"class":54},[44,26984,10313],{"class":62},[44,26986,67],{"class":66},[44,26988,652],{"class":70},[44,26990,67],{"class":66},[44,26992,449],{"class":62},[44,26994,1438],{"class":66},[44,26996,12705],{"class":70},[44,26998,67],{"class":66},[44,27000,186],{"class":62},[44,27002,1438],{"class":66},[44,27004,414],{"class":70},[44,27006,67],{"class":66},[44,27008,449],{"class":62},[44,27010,9127],{"class":452},[44,27012,9130],{"class":62},[44,27014,27015],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,27016,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,27018,27019,27021,27023,27025,27027,27029,27031],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,27020,26855],{"class":1384},[44,27022,13073],{"class":50},[44,27024,3723],{"class":62},[44,27026,67],{"class":66},[44,27028,414],{"class":70},[44,27030,67],{"class":66},[44,27032,3453],{"class":62},[44,27034,27035],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,27036,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,27038,27039,27041,27043,27045,27047],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,27040,82],{"class":58},[44,27042,63],{"class":62},[44,27044,17136],{"class":97},[44,27046,3480],{"class":62},[44,27048,26965],{"class":3483},[20,27050,27051],{},"Difference:",[126,27053,27054,27059],{},[129,27055,27056,27058],{},[15,27057,12587],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[129,27060,27061,27063],{},[15,27062,26855],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27065,27066,27067,504],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[491,27068,12399],{"href":12398},[30,27070,27072,27073],{"id":27071},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27074,19517],{},[20,27076,27077],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[600,27079,27081],{"id":27080},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[35,27083,27085],{"className":37,"code":27084,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27086,27087,27112,27116,27142,27146,27158],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27088,27089,27091,27093,27095,27097,27099,27101,27103,27105,27108,27110],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27090,11549],{"class":50},[44,27092,55],{"class":54},[44,27094,10313],{"class":62},[44,27096,67],{"class":66},[44,27098,652],{"class":70},[44,27100,67],{"class":66},[44,27102,449],{"class":62},[44,27104,1438],{"class":66},[44,27106,27107],{"class":70},"Sara",[44,27109,67],{"class":66},[44,27111,9130],{"class":62},[44,27113,27114],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,27115,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,27117,27118,27120,27122,27124,27126,27128,27130,27132,27134,27136,27138,27140],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,27119,338],{"class":50},[44,27121,55],{"class":54},[44,27123,11591],{"class":50},[44,27125,504],{"class":62},[44,27127,26071],{"class":97},[44,27129,63],{"class":62},[44,27131,67],{"class":66},[44,27133,414],{"class":70},[44,27135,67],{"class":66},[44,27137,186],{"class":62},[44,27139,3675],{"class":3674},[44,27141,76],{"class":62},[44,27143,27144],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,27145,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,27147,27148,27150,27152,27154,27156],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,27149,82],{"class":58},[44,27151,63],{"class":62},[44,27153,354],{"class":97},[44,27155,3480],{"class":62},[44,27157,20389],{"class":3483},[44,27159,27160,27162,27164,27166,27168],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,27161,82],{"class":58},[44,27163,63],{"class":62},[44,27165,11275],{"class":97},[44,27167,3480],{"class":62},[44,27169,27170],{"class":3483}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27172,27173],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[600,27175,27177],{"id":27176},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[35,27179,27181],{"className":37,"code":27180,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27182,27183,27207,27211,27227,27250,27260,27267],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27184,27185,27187,27189,27191,27193,27195,27197,27199,27201,27203,27205],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27186,11549],{"class":50},[44,27188,55],{"class":54},[44,27190,10313],{"class":62},[44,27192,67],{"class":66},[44,27194,652],{"class":70},[44,27196,67],{"class":66},[44,27198,449],{"class":62},[44,27200,1438],{"class":66},[44,27202,27107],{"class":70},[44,27204,67],{"class":66},[44,27206,9130],{"class":62},[44,27208,27209],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,27210,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,27212,27213,27215,27217,27219,27221,27223,27225],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,27214,6828],{"class":1384},[44,27216,1438],{"class":66},[44,27218,414],{"class":70},[44,27220,67],{"class":66},[44,27222,21002],{"class":54},[44,27224,11591],{"class":50},[44,27226,1388],{"class":62},[44,27228,27229,27232,27234,27236,27238,27240,27242,27244,27246,27248],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,27230,27231],{"class":50},"    value ",[44,27233,55],{"class":54},[44,27235,11591],{"class":50},[44,27237,504],{"class":62},[44,27239,26071],{"class":97},[44,27241,63],{"class":62},[44,27243,67],{"class":66},[44,27245,414],{"class":70},[44,27247,67],{"class":66},[44,27249,76],{"class":62},[44,27251,27252,27254,27256,27258],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,27253,1416],{"class":58},[44,27255,63],{"class":62},[44,27257,354],{"class":97},[44,27259,76],{"class":62},[44,27261,27262,27265],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,27263,27264],{"class":1384},"else",[44,27266,1388],{"class":62},[44,27268,27269,27271,27273,27275,27278,27280],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,27270,1416],{"class":58},[44,27272,63],{"class":62},[44,27274,67],{"class":66},[44,27276,27277],{"class":70},"Key not found",[44,27279,67],{"class":66},[44,27281,76],{"class":62},[600,27283,27285,27286,27288],{"id":27284},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27287,10563],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[35,27290,27292],{"className":37,"code":27291,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27293,27294,27318,27322,27348,27352,27364],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27295,27296,27298,27300,27302,27304,27306,27308,27310,27312,27314,27316],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27297,11549],{"class":50},[44,27299,55],{"class":54},[44,27301,10313],{"class":62},[44,27303,67],{"class":66},[44,27305,652],{"class":70},[44,27307,67],{"class":66},[44,27309,449],{"class":62},[44,27311,1438],{"class":66},[44,27313,27107],{"class":70},[44,27315,67],{"class":66},[44,27317,9130],{"class":62},[44,27319,27320],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,27321,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,27323,27324,27326,27328,27330,27332,27334,27336,27338,27340,27342,27344,27346],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,27325,338],{"class":50},[44,27327,55],{"class":54},[44,27329,11591],{"class":50},[44,27331,504],{"class":62},[44,27333,19580],{"class":97},[44,27335,63],{"class":62},[44,27337,67],{"class":66},[44,27339,414],{"class":70},[44,27341,67],{"class":66},[44,27343,186],{"class":62},[44,27345,3675],{"class":3674},[44,27347,76],{"class":62},[44,27349,27350],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,27351,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,27353,27354,27356,27358,27360,27362],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,27355,82],{"class":58},[44,27357,63],{"class":62},[44,27359,354],{"class":97},[44,27361,3480],{"class":62},[44,27363,20389],{"class":3483},[44,27365,27366,27368,27370,27372,27374],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,27367,82],{"class":58},[44,27369,63],{"class":62},[44,27371,11275],{"class":97},[44,27373,3480],{"class":62},[44,27375,27170],{"class":3483},[20,27377,103,27378,27382,27383,504],{},[491,27379,27380],{"href":10559},[15,27381,26660],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[491,27384,11087],{"href":10898},[30,27386,4344],{"id":4343},[20,27388,27389,27390,504],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27391,12394],{},[600,27393,25604,27395,27397],{"id":27394},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27396,12587],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27399,27400],{},"Lists use indexes:",[35,27402,27404],{"className":37,"code":27403,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27405,27406,27426],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27407,27408,27410,27412,27414,27416,27418,27420,27422,27424],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27409,3435],{"class":50},[44,27411,55],{"class":54},[44,27413,3440],{"class":62},[44,27415,2161],{"class":452},[44,27417,186],{"class":62},[44,27419,7620],{"class":452},[44,27421,186],{"class":62},[44,27423,7625],{"class":452},[44,27425,3453],{"class":62},[44,27427,27428,27430,27432,27434,27436,27438,27440,27442,27444],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,27429,82],{"class":58},[44,27431,63],{"class":62},[44,27433,3467],{"class":97},[44,27435,504],{"class":62},[44,27437,26071],{"class":97},[44,27439,63],{"class":62},[44,27441,2807],{"class":452},[44,27443,5190],{"class":62},[44,27445,27446],{"class":3483},"  # 20\n",[20,27448,27449],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[35,27451,27453],{"className":37,"code":27452,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27454,27455,27491],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27456,27457,27459,27461,27463,27465,27467,27469,27471,27473,27475,27477,27479,27481,27483,27485,27487,27489],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27458,13030],{"class":50},[44,27460,55],{"class":54},[44,27462,10313],{"class":62},[44,27464,67],{"class":66},[44,27466,652],{"class":70},[44,27468,67],{"class":66},[44,27470,449],{"class":62},[44,27472,1438],{"class":66},[44,27474,12705],{"class":70},[44,27476,67],{"class":66},[44,27478,186],{"class":62},[44,27480,1438],{"class":66},[44,27482,414],{"class":70},[44,27484,67],{"class":66},[44,27486,449],{"class":62},[44,27488,9127],{"class":452},[44,27490,9130],{"class":62},[44,27492,27493,27495,27497,27499,27501,27503,27505,27507,27509,27511,27513],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,27494,82],{"class":58},[44,27496,63],{"class":62},[44,27498,17136],{"class":97},[44,27500,504],{"class":62},[44,27502,26071],{"class":97},[44,27504,63],{"class":62},[44,27506,67],{"class":66},[44,27508,414],{"class":70},[44,27510,67],{"class":66},[44,27512,5190],{"class":62},[44,27514,27515],{"class":3483},"  # 25\n",[20,27517,27518,27519,27521,27522,27524],{},"A dictionary does ",[3563,27520,4457],{}," use positions with ",[15,27523,12587],{},". It uses keys.",[600,27526,984,27528,27530],{"id":27527},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27529,12587],{}," changes the original dictionary",[35,27532,27534],{"className":37,"code":27533,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27535,27536,27568,27572,27594,27598,27611],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27537,27538,27540,27542,27544,27546,27548,27550,27552,27554,27556,27558,27560,27562,27564,27566],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27539,8988],{"class":50},[44,27541,55],{"class":54},[44,27543,10313],{"class":62},[44,27545,67],{"class":66},[44,27547,2003],{"class":70},[44,27549,67],{"class":66},[44,27551,449],{"class":62},[44,27553,711],{"class":452},[44,27555,186],{"class":62},[44,27557,1438],{"class":66},[44,27559,11570],{"class":70},[44,27561,67],{"class":66},[44,27563,449],{"class":62},[44,27565,2812],{"class":452},[44,27567,9130],{"class":62},[44,27569,27570],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,27571,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,27573,27574,27576,27578,27580,27582,27584,27586,27588,27590,27592],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,27575,338],{"class":50},[44,27577,55],{"class":54},[44,27579,14393],{"class":50},[44,27581,504],{"class":62},[44,27583,26071],{"class":97},[44,27585,63],{"class":62},[44,27587,67],{"class":66},[44,27589,2003],{"class":70},[44,27591,67],{"class":66},[44,27593,76],{"class":62},[44,27595,27596],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,27597,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,27599,27600,27602,27604,27606,27608],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,27601,82],{"class":58},[44,27603,63],{"class":62},[44,27605,354],{"class":97},[44,27607,3480],{"class":62},[44,27609,27610],{"class":3483},"  # 1\n",[44,27612,27613,27615,27617,27619,27621],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,27614,82],{"class":58},[44,27616,63],{"class":62},[44,27618,9026],{"class":97},[44,27620,3480],{"class":62},[44,27622,27623],{"class":3483},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27625,27626,27627,27629],{},"After ",[15,27628,12587],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[600,27631,8243,27633,27635],{"id":27632},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27634,12587],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[35,27637,27639],{"className":37,"code":27638,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27640,27641,27665,27669,27674],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27642,27643,27645,27647,27649,27651,27653,27655,27657,27659,27661,27663],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27644,8988],{"class":50},[44,27646,55],{"class":54},[44,27648,10313],{"class":62},[44,27650,67],{"class":66},[44,27652,652],{"class":70},[44,27654,67],{"class":66},[44,27656,449],{"class":62},[44,27658,1438],{"class":66},[44,27660,7751],{"class":70},[44,27662,67],{"class":66},[44,27664,9130],{"class":62},[44,27666,27667],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,27668,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,27670,27671],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,27672,27673],{"class":3483},"# This causes an error\n",[44,27675,27676],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,27677,27678],{"class":3483},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27680,27681],{},"Safer version:",[35,27683,27685],{"className":37,"code":27684,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27686,27687,27711,27715],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27688,27689,27691,27693,27695,27697,27699,27701,27703,27705,27707,27709],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27690,8988],{"class":50},[44,27692,55],{"class":54},[44,27694,10313],{"class":62},[44,27696,67],{"class":66},[44,27698,652],{"class":70},[44,27700,67],{"class":66},[44,27702,449],{"class":62},[44,27704,1438],{"class":66},[44,27706,7751],{"class":70},[44,27708,67],{"class":66},[44,27710,9130],{"class":62},[44,27712,27713],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,27714,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,27716,27717,27719,27721,27723,27725,27727,27729,27731,27733,27735,27737,27739,27741,27743,27745],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,27718,82],{"class":58},[44,27720,63],{"class":62},[44,27722,9026],{"class":97},[44,27724,504],{"class":62},[44,27726,26071],{"class":97},[44,27728,63],{"class":62},[44,27730,67],{"class":66},[44,27732,414],{"class":70},[44,27734,67],{"class":66},[44,27736,186],{"class":62},[44,27738,1438],{"class":66},[44,27740,26603],{"class":70},[44,27742,67],{"class":66},[44,27744,5190],{"class":62},[44,27746,26639],{"class":3483},[600,27748,8279,27750,27752],{"id":27749},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27751,12587],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[35,27754,27756],{"className":37,"code":27755,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27757,27758,27790,27794,27816,27820,27832],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27759,27760,27762,27764,27766,27768,27770,27772,27774,27776,27778,27780,27782,27784,27786,27788],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27761,8988],{"class":50},[44,27763,55],{"class":54},[44,27765,10313],{"class":62},[44,27767,67],{"class":66},[44,27769,491],{"class":70},[44,27771,67],{"class":66},[44,27773,449],{"class":62},[44,27775,711],{"class":452},[44,27777,186],{"class":62},[44,27779,1438],{"class":66},[44,27781,4587],{"class":70},[44,27783,67],{"class":66},[44,27785,449],{"class":62},[44,27787,2812],{"class":452},[44,27789,9130],{"class":62},[44,27791,27792],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,27793,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,27795,27796,27798,27800,27802,27804,27806,27808,27810,27812,27814],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,27797,2059],{"class":50},[44,27799,55],{"class":54},[44,27801,14393],{"class":50},[44,27803,504],{"class":62},[44,27805,26071],{"class":97},[44,27807,63],{"class":62},[44,27809,67],{"class":66},[44,27811,491],{"class":70},[44,27813,67],{"class":66},[44,27815,76],{"class":62},[44,27817,27818],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,27819,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,27821,27822,27824,27826,27828,27830],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,27823,82],{"class":58},[44,27825,63],{"class":62},[44,27827,2094],{"class":97},[44,27829,3480],{"class":62},[44,27831,27610],{"class":3483},[44,27833,27834,27836,27838,27840,27842],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,27835,82],{"class":58},[44,27837,63],{"class":62},[44,27839,9026],{"class":97},[44,27841,3480],{"class":62},[44,27843,27844],{"class":3483},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,27846,27847],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[30,27849,27851],{"id":27850},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,27853,27854,27855,27857],{},"Problems with ",[15,27856,12394],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[126,27859,27860,27863,27872,27875],{},[129,27861,27862],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[129,27864,27865,27866,27869,27870],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,27867,27868],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,27871,26167],{},[129,27873,27874],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[129,27876,27877,27878,10916,27880],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,27879,2807],{},[15,27881,27882],{},"\"1\"",[20,27884,27885],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[35,27887,27889],{"className":37,"code":27888,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,27890,27891,27915,27919,27949],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27892,27893,27895,27897,27899,27901,27903,27905,27907,27909,27911,27913],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27894,8988],{"class":50},[44,27896,55],{"class":54},[44,27898,10313],{"class":62},[44,27900,67],{"class":66},[44,27902,2807],{"class":70},[44,27904,67],{"class":66},[44,27906,449],{"class":62},[44,27908,1438],{"class":66},[44,27910,6415],{"class":70},[44,27912,67],{"class":66},[44,27914,9130],{"class":62},[44,27916,27917],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,27918,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,27920,27921,27923,27925,27927,27929,27931,27933,27935,27937,27939,27942,27944,27946],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,27922,82],{"class":58},[44,27924,63],{"class":62},[44,27926,9026],{"class":97},[44,27928,504],{"class":62},[44,27930,26071],{"class":97},[44,27932,63],{"class":62},[44,27934,2807],{"class":452},[44,27936,186],{"class":62},[44,27938,1438],{"class":66},[44,27940,27941],{"class":70},"not found",[44,27943,67],{"class":66},[44,27945,5190],{"class":62},[44,27947,27948],{"class":3483},"    # not found\n",[44,27950,27951,27953,27955,27957,27959,27961,27963,27965,27967,27969,27971,27973,27975,27977,27979],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,27952,82],{"class":58},[44,27954,63],{"class":62},[44,27956,9026],{"class":97},[44,27958,504],{"class":62},[44,27960,26071],{"class":97},[44,27962,63],{"class":62},[44,27964,67],{"class":66},[44,27966,2807],{"class":70},[44,27968,67],{"class":66},[44,27970,186],{"class":62},[44,27972,1438],{"class":66},[44,27974,27941],{"class":70},[44,27976,67],{"class":66},[44,27978,5190],{"class":62},[44,27980,27981],{"class":3483},"  # one\n",[20,27983,27984,1126,27986,27988],{},[15,27985,2807],{},[15,27987,27882],{}," are different keys.",[30,27990,8697],{"id":8696},[20,27992,8700,27993,27995],{},[15,27994,12587],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[35,27997,27999],{"className":37,"code":27998,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28000,28001,28011,28025,28043,28073],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28002,28003,28005,28007,28009],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28004,82],{"class":58},[44,28006,63],{"class":62},[44,28008,11275],{"class":97},[44,28010,76],{"class":62},[44,28012,28013,28015,28017,28019,28021,28023],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,28014,82],{"class":58},[44,28016,63],{"class":62},[44,28018,11275],{"class":97},[44,28020,504],{"class":62},[44,28022,16752],{"class":97},[44,28024,7025],{"class":62},[44,28026,28027,28029,28031,28033,28035,28037,28039,28041],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,28028,82],{"class":58},[44,28030,63],{"class":62},[44,28032,476],{"class":66},[44,28034,652],{"class":70},[44,28036,476],{"class":66},[44,28038,21002],{"class":1384},[44,28040,11591],{"class":97},[44,28042,76],{"class":62},[44,28044,28045,28047,28049,28051,28053,28055,28057,28059,28061,28063,28065,28067,28069,28071],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,28046,82],{"class":58},[44,28048,63],{"class":62},[44,28050,11275],{"class":97},[44,28052,504],{"class":62},[44,28054,26071],{"class":97},[44,28056,63],{"class":62},[44,28058,476],{"class":66},[44,28060,652],{"class":70},[44,28062,476],{"class":66},[44,28064,186],{"class":62},[44,28066,470],{"class":66},[44,28068,26603],{"class":70},[44,28070,476],{"class":66},[44,28072,434],{"class":62},[44,28074,28075,28077,28079,28081,28083,28085],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,28076,82],{"class":58},[44,28078,63],{"class":62},[44,28080,427],{"class":426},[44,28082,63],{"class":62},[44,28084,11275],{"class":97},[44,28086,434],{"class":62},[20,28088,21165],{},[126,28090,28091,28096,28101,28106,28112],{},[129,28092,28093,28095],{},[15,28094,12504],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[129,28097,28098,28100],{},[15,28099,21177],{}," shows all available keys",[129,28102,28103,28105],{},[15,28104,21183],{}," checks whether a key exists",[129,28107,28108,28111],{},[15,28109,28110],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[129,28113,28114,28116],{},[15,28115,12510],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28118,28119,28120,504],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[491,28121,9213],{"href":9212},[30,28123,1651],{"id":1650},[600,28125,28127,28128,28130],{"id":28126},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28129,12587],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28132,28133],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[600,28135,28137],{"id":28136},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28139,28140,26368,28142,28144,28145,28147],{},[15,28141,26167],{},[15,28143,19517],{},". ",[15,28146,26171],{}," returns the default value instead.",[600,28149,1655,28151,14723],{"id":28150},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28152,12587],{},[20,28154,28155],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[600,28157,28159,28160,28162],{"id":28158},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,28161,12587],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28164,28165,28166,28168,28169,504],{},"Not with ",[15,28167,12394],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[491,28170,28171],{"href":12405},[15,28172,12594],{},[600,28174,5007,28176,1126,28178,213],{"id":28175},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28177,10563],{},[15,28179,12587],{},[20,28181,28182,28184,28185,28187],{},[15,28183,10563],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28186,12587],{}," reads and removes it.",[30,28189,1719],{"id":1718},[126,28191,28192,28198,28205,28209,28213,28217],{},[129,28193,28194],{},[491,28195,28196],{"href":10559},[15,28197,19498],{},[129,28199,28200],{},[491,28201,28202],{"href":12405},[15,28203,28204],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[129,28206,28207],{},[491,28208,12611],{"href":12398},[129,28210,28211],{},[491,28212,21286],{"href":16425},[129,28214,28215],{},[491,28216,11087],{"href":10898},[129,28218,28219],{},[491,28220,28222],{"href":28221},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1758,28224,28225],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":28227},[28228,28229,28231,28232,28233,28235,28242,28249,28259,28260,28261,28272],{"id":3424,"depth":79,"text":3425},{"id":26178,"depth":79,"text":28230},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":17247,"depth":79,"text":17248},{"id":26663,"depth":79,"text":28234},"When to use pop()",{"id":26850,"depth":79,"text":28236,"children":28237},"pop() vs del",[28238,28240],{"id":26865,"depth":419,"text":28239},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":26968,"depth":419,"text":28241},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27071,"depth":79,"text":28243,"children":28244},"How to avoid KeyError",[28245,28246,28247],{"id":27080,"depth":419,"text":27081},{"id":27176,"depth":419,"text":27177},{"id":27284,"depth":419,"text":28248},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4343,"depth":79,"text":4344,"children":28250},[28251,28253,28255,28257],{"id":27394,"depth":419,"text":28252},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27527,"depth":419,"text":28254},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27632,"depth":419,"text":28256},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27749,"depth":419,"text":28258},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27850,"depth":79,"text":27851},{"id":8696,"depth":79,"text":8697},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":28262},[28263,28265,28266,28268,28270],{"id":28126,"depth":419,"text":28264},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28136,"depth":419,"text":28137},{"id":28150,"depth":419,"text":28267},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28158,"depth":419,"text":28269},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28175,"depth":419,"text":28271},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":25999,"description":28273},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28280,"title":28204,"body":28281,"description":30216,"extension":1796,"meta":30217,"navigation":807,"path":30218,"seo":30219,"stem":30220,"__hash__":30221},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28282,"toc":30180},[28283,28288,28293,28296,28304,28314,28316,28405,28409,28458,28463,28468,28472,28488,28491,28493,28508,28510,28526,28533,28537,28543,28552,28554,28623,28627,28648,28651,28670,28673,28696,28698,28701,28816,28820,28879,28886,28890,28895,29020,29024,29074,29077,29081,29088,29090,29153,29157,29178,29181,29190,29205,29213,29220,29224,29236,29240,29251,29253,29399,29403,29462,29469,29474,29478,29484,29507,29512,29531,29535,29606,29612,29683,29692,29697,29702,29713,29716,29853,29857,29889,29894,29896,29900,29960,29963,30020,30023,30066,30068,30073,30079,30085,30088,30095,30103,30108,30111,30118,30126,30128,30177],[10,28284,11143,28286,11147],{"id":28285},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28287,12594],{},[20,28289,22,28290,28292],{},[15,28291,12594],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28294,28295],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[126,28297,28298,28301],{},[129,28299,28300],{},"remove an item",[129,28302,28303],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28305,28306,28307,28309,28310,28313],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28308,12594],{}," removes the ",[3563,28311,28312],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[30,28315,33],{"id":32},[35,28317,28319],{"className":37,"code":28318,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28320,28321,28365,28381,28385,28395],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28322,28323,28325,28327,28329,28331,28333,28335,28337,28339,28341,28343,28345,28347,28349,28351,28353,28355,28357,28359,28361,28363],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28324,8988],{"class":50},[44,28326,55],{"class":54},[44,28328,10313],{"class":62},[44,28330,67],{"class":66},[44,28332,491],{"class":70},[44,28334,67],{"class":66},[44,28336,449],{"class":62},[44,28338,711],{"class":452},[44,28340,186],{"class":62},[44,28342,1438],{"class":66},[44,28344,4587],{"class":70},[44,28346,67],{"class":66},[44,28348,449],{"class":62},[44,28350,2812],{"class":452},[44,28352,186],{"class":62},[44,28354,1438],{"class":66},[44,28356,9561],{"class":70},[44,28358,67],{"class":66},[44,28360,449],{"class":62},[44,28362,2282],{"class":452},[44,28364,9130],{"class":62},[44,28366,28367,28370,28372,28374,28376,28379],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,28368,28369],{"class":50},"item ",[44,28371,55],{"class":54},[44,28373,14393],{"class":50},[44,28375,504],{"class":62},[44,28377,28378],{"class":97},"popitem",[44,28380,345],{"class":62},[44,28382,28383],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,28384,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,28386,28387,28389,28391,28393],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,28388,82],{"class":58},[44,28390,63],{"class":62},[44,28392,23139],{"class":97},[44,28394,76],{"class":62},[44,28396,28397,28399,28401,28403],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,28398,82],{"class":58},[44,28400,63],{"class":62},[44,28402,9026],{"class":97},[44,28404,76],{"class":62},[20,28406,28407],{},[3563,28408,1031],{},[35,28410,28412],{"className":37,"code":28411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28413,28414,28430],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28415,28416,28418,28420,28422,28424,28426,28428],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28417,63],{"class":62},[44,28419,476],{"class":66},[44,28421,9561],{"class":70},[44,28423,476],{"class":66},[44,28425,186],{"class":62},[44,28427,2282],{"class":452},[44,28429,76],{"class":62},[44,28431,28432,28434,28436,28438,28440,28442,28444,28446,28448,28450,28452,28454,28456],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,28433,9100],{"class":62},[44,28435,476],{"class":66},[44,28437,491],{"class":70},[44,28439,476],{"class":66},[44,28441,449],{"class":62},[44,28443,711],{"class":452},[44,28445,186],{"class":62},[44,28447,470],{"class":66},[44,28449,4587],{"class":70},[44,28451,476],{"class":66},[44,28453,449],{"class":62},[44,28455,2812],{"class":452},[44,28457,9130],{"class":62},[20,28459,28460,28462],{},[15,28461,12594],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[30,28464,113,28466,116],{"id":28465},"what-popitem-does",[15,28467,12594],{},[20,28469,28470,449],{},[15,28471,12594],{},[126,28473,28474,28477,28482,28485],{},[129,28475,28476],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[129,28478,28479,28480],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28481,21483],{},[129,28483,28484],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[129,28486,28487],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28489,28490],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[30,28492,250],{"id":249},[35,28494,28496],{"className":37,"code":28495,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28497,28498],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28499,28500,28502,28504,28506],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28501,15432],{"class":50},[44,28503,504],{"class":62},[44,28505,28378],{"class":97},[44,28507,345],{"class":62},[20,28509,273],{},[126,28511,28512,28520,28523],{},[129,28513,28514,28516,28517],{},[15,28515,12594],{}," takes ",[3563,28518,28519],{},"no arguments",[129,28521,28522],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[129,28524,28525],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28527,28528,28529,6461],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[491,28530,28531],{"href":12391},[15,28532,12587],{},[30,28534,28536],{"id":28535},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28538,28539,28540,28542],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28541,12594],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28544,28545,28546,28549],"ol",{},[129,28547,28548],{},"the key",[129,28550,28551],{},"the value",[20,28553,145],{},[35,28555,28557],{"className":37,"code":28556,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28558,28559,28595,28609,28613],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28560,28561,28563,28565,28567,28569,28571,28573,28575,28577,28579,28581,28583,28585,28587,28589,28591,28593],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28562,13030],{"class":50},[44,28564,55],{"class":54},[44,28566,10313],{"class":62},[44,28568,67],{"class":66},[44,28570,652],{"class":70},[44,28572,67],{"class":66},[44,28574,449],{"class":62},[44,28576,1438],{"class":66},[44,28578,4831],{"class":70},[44,28580,67],{"class":66},[44,28582,186],{"class":62},[44,28584,1438],{"class":66},[44,28586,414],{"class":70},[44,28588,67],{"class":66},[44,28590,449],{"class":62},[44,28592,9127],{"class":452},[44,28594,9130],{"class":62},[44,28596,28597,28599,28601,28603,28605,28607],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,28598,2059],{"class":50},[44,28600,55],{"class":54},[44,28602,13073],{"class":50},[44,28604,504],{"class":62},[44,28606,28378],{"class":97},[44,28608,345],{"class":62},[44,28610,28611],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,28612,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,28614,28615,28617,28619,28621],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,28616,82],{"class":58},[44,28618,63],{"class":62},[44,28620,2094],{"class":97},[44,28622,76],{"class":62},[20,28624,28625],{},[3563,28626,1031],{},[35,28628,28630],{"className":37,"code":28629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28631,28632],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28633,28634,28636,28638,28640,28642,28644,28646],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28635,63],{"class":62},[44,28637,476],{"class":66},[44,28639,414],{"class":70},[44,28641,476],{"class":66},[44,28643,186],{"class":62},[44,28645,9127],{"class":452},[44,28647,76],{"class":62},[20,28649,28650],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[35,28652,28654],{"className":37,"code":28653,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28655,28656],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28657,28658,28660,28662,28664,28666,28668],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28659,2059],{"class":50},[44,28661,55],{"class":54},[44,28663,13073],{"class":50},[44,28665,504],{"class":62},[44,28667,28378],{"class":97},[44,28669,345],{"class":62},[20,28671,28672],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[35,28674,28676],{"className":37,"code":28675,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28677,28678],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28679,28680,28682,28684,28686,28688,28690,28692,28694],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28681,14668],{"class":50},[44,28683,186],{"class":62},[44,28685,21413],{"class":50},[44,28687,55],{"class":54},[44,28689,13073],{"class":50},[44,28691,504],{"class":62},[44,28693,28378],{"class":97},[44,28695,345],{"class":62},[30,28697,11300],{"id":11299},[20,28699,28700],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[35,28702,28704],{"className":37,"code":28703,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28705,28706,28754,28758,28773,28777,28797],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28707,28708,28710,28712,28714,28716,28719,28721,28723,28725,28727,28729,28731,28733,28735,28738,28740,28742,28745,28747,28749,28752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28709,4891],{"class":50},[44,28711,55],{"class":54},[44,28713,10313],{"class":62},[44,28715,67],{"class":66},[44,28717,28718],{"class":70},"Tom",[44,28720,67],{"class":66},[44,28722,449],{"class":62},[44,28724,4903],{"class":452},[44,28726,186],{"class":62},[44,28728,1438],{"class":66},[44,28730,12705],{"class":70},[44,28732,67],{"class":66},[44,28734,449],{"class":62},[44,28736,28737],{"class":452}," 95",[44,28739,186],{"class":62},[44,28741,1438],{"class":66},[44,28743,28744],{"class":70},"Leo",[44,28746,67],{"class":66},[44,28748,449],{"class":62},[44,28750,28751],{"class":452}," 88",[44,28753,9130],{"class":62},[44,28755,28756],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,28757,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,28759,28760,28763,28765,28767,28769,28771],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,28761,28762],{"class":50},"removed_pair ",[44,28764,55],{"class":54},[44,28766,4938],{"class":50},[44,28768,504],{"class":62},[44,28770,28378],{"class":97},[44,28772,345],{"class":62},[44,28774,28775],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,28776,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,28778,28779,28781,28783,28785,28788,28790,28792,28795],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,28780,82],{"class":58},[44,28782,63],{"class":62},[44,28784,67],{"class":66},[44,28786,28787],{"class":70},"Removed:",[44,28789,67],{"class":66},[44,28791,186],{"class":62},[44,28793,28794],{"class":97}," removed_pair",[44,28796,76],{"class":62},[44,28798,28799,28801,28803,28805,28808,28810,28812,28814],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,28800,82],{"class":58},[44,28802,63],{"class":62},[44,28804,67],{"class":66},[44,28806,28807],{"class":70},"After removal:",[44,28809,67],{"class":66},[44,28811,186],{"class":62},[44,28813,4938],{"class":97},[44,28815,76],{"class":62},[20,28817,28818],{},[3563,28819,1031],{},[35,28821,28823],{"className":37,"code":28822,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,28824,28825,28846],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28826,28827,28830,28832,28834,28836,28838,28840,28842,28844],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28828,28829],{"class":50},"Removed",[44,28831,449],{"class":62},[44,28833,9058],{"class":62},[44,28835,476],{"class":66},[44,28837,28744],{"class":70},[44,28839,476],{"class":66},[44,28841,186],{"class":62},[44,28843,28751],{"class":452},[44,28845,76],{"class":62},[44,28847,28848,28851,28853,28855,28857,28859,28861,28863,28865,28867,28869,28871,28873,28875,28877],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,28849,28850],{"class":50},"After removal",[44,28852,449],{"class":62},[44,28854,10313],{"class":62},[44,28856,476],{"class":66},[44,28858,28718],{"class":70},[44,28860,476],{"class":66},[44,28862,449],{"class":62},[44,28864,4903],{"class":452},[44,28866,186],{"class":62},[44,28868,470],{"class":66},[44,28870,12705],{"class":70},[44,28872,476],{"class":66},[44,28874,449],{"class":62},[44,28876,28737],{"class":452},[44,28878,9130],{"class":62},[20,28880,28881,28882,28885],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,28883,28884],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[30,28887,28889],{"id":28888},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,28891,1692,28892,28894],{},[15,28893,12594],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[35,28896,28898],{"className":37,"code":28897,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,28899,28900,28936,28940,28959,28963,28982,29001],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28901,28902,28904,28906,28908,28910,28912,28914,28916,28918,28920,28922,28924,28926,28928,28930,28932,28934],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28903,15275],{"class":50},[44,28905,55],{"class":54},[44,28907,10313],{"class":62},[44,28909,67],{"class":66},[44,28911,15286],{"class":70},[44,28913,67],{"class":66},[44,28915,449],{"class":62},[44,28917,1438],{"class":66},[44,28919,15295],{"class":70},[44,28921,67],{"class":66},[44,28923,186],{"class":62},[44,28925,1438],{"class":66},[44,28927,15306],{"class":70},[44,28929,67],{"class":66},[44,28931,449],{"class":62},[44,28933,26737],{"class":452},[44,28935,9130],{"class":62},[44,28937,28938],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,28939,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,28941,28942,28944,28946,28948,28950,28953,28955,28957],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,28943,14668],{"class":50},[44,28945,186],{"class":62},[44,28947,21413],{"class":50},[44,28949,55],{"class":54},[44,28951,28952],{"class":50}," book",[44,28954,504],{"class":62},[44,28956,28378],{"class":97},[44,28958,345],{"class":62},[44,28960,28961],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,28962,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,28964,28965,28967,28969,28971,28974,28976,28978,28980],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,28966,82],{"class":58},[44,28968,63],{"class":62},[44,28970,67],{"class":66},[44,28972,28973],{"class":70},"Key:",[44,28975,67],{"class":66},[44,28977,186],{"class":62},[44,28979,21408],{"class":97},[44,28981,76],{"class":62},[44,28983,28984,28986,28988,28990,28993,28995,28997,28999],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,28985,82],{"class":58},[44,28987,63],{"class":62},[44,28989,67],{"class":66},[44,28991,28992],{"class":70},"Value:",[44,28994,67],{"class":66},[44,28996,186],{"class":62},[44,28998,8259],{"class":97},[44,29000,76],{"class":62},[44,29002,29003,29005,29007,29009,29012,29014,29016,29018],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,29004,82],{"class":58},[44,29006,63],{"class":62},[44,29008,67],{"class":66},[44,29010,29011],{"class":70},"Dictionary:",[44,29013,67],{"class":66},[44,29015,186],{"class":62},[44,29017,28952],{"class":97},[44,29019,76],{"class":62},[20,29021,29022],{},[3563,29023,1031],{},[35,29025,29027],{"className":37,"code":29026,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29028,29029,29039,29049],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29030,29031,29034,29036],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29032,29033],{"class":50},"Key",[44,29035,449],{"class":62},[44,29037,29038],{"class":50}," pages\n",[44,29040,29041,29044,29046],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,29042,29043],{"class":50},"Value",[44,29045,449],{"class":62},[44,29047,29048],{"class":452}," 200\n",[44,29050,29051,29054,29056,29058,29060,29062,29064,29066,29068,29070,29072],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,29052,29053],{"class":50},"Dictionary",[44,29055,449],{"class":62},[44,29057,10313],{"class":62},[44,29059,476],{"class":66},[44,29061,15286],{"class":70},[44,29063,476],{"class":66},[44,29065,449],{"class":62},[44,29067,470],{"class":66},[44,29069,15295],{"class":70},[44,29071,476],{"class":66},[44,29073,9130],{"class":62},[20,29075,29076],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[30,29078,29080],{"id":29079},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29082,29083,29084,28309,29086,504],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29085,12594],{},[3563,29087,28312],{},[20,29089,145],{},[35,29091,29093],{"className":37,"code":29092,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29094,29095,29139],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29096,29097,29099,29101,29103,29105,29107,29109,29111,29113,29115,29117,29119,29121,29123,29125,29127,29129,29131,29133,29135,29137],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29098,8988],{"class":50},[44,29100,55],{"class":54},[44,29102,10313],{"class":62},[44,29104,67],{"class":66},[44,29106,2003],{"class":70},[44,29108,67],{"class":66},[44,29110,449],{"class":62},[44,29112,711],{"class":452},[44,29114,186],{"class":62},[44,29116,1438],{"class":66},[44,29118,11570],{"class":70},[44,29120,67],{"class":66},[44,29122,449],{"class":62},[44,29124,2812],{"class":452},[44,29126,186],{"class":62},[44,29128,1438],{"class":66},[44,29130,21905],{"class":70},[44,29132,67],{"class":66},[44,29134,449],{"class":62},[44,29136,2282],{"class":452},[44,29138,9130],{"class":62},[44,29140,29141,29143,29145,29147,29149,29151],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,29142,82],{"class":58},[44,29144,63],{"class":62},[44,29146,9026],{"class":97},[44,29148,504],{"class":62},[44,29150,28378],{"class":97},[44,29152,7025],{"class":62},[20,29154,29155],{},[3563,29156,1031],{},[35,29158,29160],{"className":37,"code":29159,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29161,29162],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29163,29164,29166,29168,29170,29172,29174,29176],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29165,63],{"class":62},[44,29167,476],{"class":66},[44,29169,21905],{"class":70},[44,29171,476],{"class":66},[44,29173,186],{"class":62},[44,29175,2282],{"class":452},[44,29177,76],{"class":62},[20,29179,29180],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29182,29183,29184,29186,29187,29189],{},"As a beginner, do ",[3563,29185,4457],{}," think of ",[15,29188,12594],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29191,29192,29193,2018,29197,16901,29201,504],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[491,29194,29195],{"href":16904},[15,29196,16907],{},[491,29198,29199],{"href":16891},[15,29200,16894],{},[491,29202,29203],{"href":16897},[15,29204,16900],{},[30,29206,29208,29209,1126,29211],{"id":29207},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29210,12594],{},[15,29212,12587],{},[20,29214,29215,1126,29217,29219],{},[15,29216,12594],{},[15,29218,12587],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[600,29221,29222],{"id":28378},[15,29223,12594],{},[126,29225,29226,29229,29232],{},[129,29227,29228],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[129,29230,29231],{},"does not need a key argument",[129,29233,3511,29234],{},[15,29235,21483],{},[600,29237,29238],{"id":26071},[15,29239,12587],{},[126,29241,29242,29245,29248],{},[129,29243,29244],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[129,29246,29247],{},"needs the key name",[129,29249,29250],{},"returns only the value",[20,29252,145],{},[35,29254,29256],{"className":37,"code":29255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29257,29258,29302,29306,29320,29340,29344,29366,29385,29389],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29259,29260,29262,29264,29266,29268,29270,29272,29274,29276,29278,29280,29282,29284,29286,29288,29290,29292,29294,29296,29298,29300],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29261,8988],{"class":50},[44,29263,55],{"class":54},[44,29265,10313],{"class":62},[44,29267,67],{"class":66},[44,29269,491],{"class":70},[44,29271,67],{"class":66},[44,29273,449],{"class":62},[44,29275,711],{"class":452},[44,29277,186],{"class":62},[44,29279,1438],{"class":66},[44,29281,4587],{"class":70},[44,29283,67],{"class":66},[44,29285,449],{"class":62},[44,29287,2812],{"class":452},[44,29289,186],{"class":62},[44,29291,1438],{"class":66},[44,29293,9561],{"class":70},[44,29295,67],{"class":66},[44,29297,449],{"class":62},[44,29299,2282],{"class":452},[44,29301,9130],{"class":62},[44,29303,29304],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,29305,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,29307,29308,29310,29312,29314,29316,29318],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,29309,28369],{"class":50},[44,29311,55],{"class":54},[44,29313,14393],{"class":50},[44,29315,504],{"class":62},[44,29317,28378],{"class":97},[44,29319,345],{"class":62},[44,29321,29322,29324,29326,29328,29331,29333,29335,29338],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,29323,82],{"class":58},[44,29325,63],{"class":62},[44,29327,67],{"class":66},[44,29329,29330],{"class":70},"popitem():",[44,29332,67],{"class":66},[44,29334,186],{"class":62},[44,29336,29337],{"class":97}," item",[44,29339,76],{"class":62},[44,29341,29342],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,29343,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,29345,29346,29348,29350,29352,29354,29356,29358,29360,29362,29364],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,29347,338],{"class":50},[44,29349,55],{"class":54},[44,29351,14393],{"class":50},[44,29353,504],{"class":62},[44,29355,26071],{"class":97},[44,29357,63],{"class":62},[44,29359,67],{"class":66},[44,29361,491],{"class":70},[44,29363,67],{"class":66},[44,29365,76],{"class":62},[44,29367,29368,29370,29372,29374,29377,29379,29381,29383],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,29369,82],{"class":58},[44,29371,63],{"class":62},[44,29373,67],{"class":66},[44,29375,29376],{"class":70},"pop('a'):",[44,29378,67],{"class":66},[44,29380,186],{"class":62},[44,29382,8259],{"class":97},[44,29384,76],{"class":62},[44,29386,29387],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,29388,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,29390,29391,29393,29395,29397],{"class":46,"line":6261},[44,29392,82],{"class":58},[44,29394,63],{"class":62},[44,29396,9026],{"class":97},[44,29398,76],{"class":62},[20,29400,29401],{},[3563,29402,1031],{},[35,29404,29406],{"className":37,"code":29405,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29407,29408,29429,29446],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29409,29410,29412,29415,29417,29419,29421,29423,29425,29427],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29411,28378],{"class":97},[44,29413,29414],{"class":62},"():",[44,29416,9058],{"class":62},[44,29418,476],{"class":66},[44,29420,9561],{"class":70},[44,29422,476],{"class":66},[44,29424,186],{"class":62},[44,29426,2282],{"class":452},[44,29428,76],{"class":62},[44,29430,29431,29433,29435,29437,29439,29441,29443],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,29432,26071],{"class":97},[44,29434,63],{"class":62},[44,29436,476],{"class":66},[44,29438,491],{"class":70},[44,29440,476],{"class":66},[44,29442,16280],{"class":62},[44,29444,29445],{"class":452}," 1\n",[44,29447,29448,29450,29452,29454,29456,29458,29460],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,29449,9100],{"class":62},[44,29451,476],{"class":66},[44,29453,4587],{"class":70},[44,29455,476],{"class":66},[44,29457,449],{"class":62},[44,29459,2812],{"class":452},[44,29461,9130],{"class":62},[20,29463,103,29464,29468],{},[491,29465,29466],{"href":12391},[15,29467,12587],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29470,103,29471,29473],{},[15,29472,12594],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[30,29475,29477],{"id":29476},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29479,29480,29481,29483],{},"Calling ",[15,29482,12594],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[35,29485,29487],{"className":37,"code":29486,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29488,29489,29497],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29490,29491,29493,29495],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29492,8988],{"class":50},[44,29494,55],{"class":54},[44,29496,9660],{"class":62},[44,29498,29499,29501,29503,29505],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,29500,9026],{"class":50},[44,29502,504],{"class":62},[44,29504,28378],{"class":97},[44,29506,345],{"class":62},[20,29508,29509],{},[3563,29510,29511],{},"Error:",[35,29513,29515],{"className":37,"code":29514,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29516,29517],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29518,29519,29521,29523,29525,29528],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29520,19517],{"class":426},[44,29522,449],{"class":62},[44,29524,470],{"class":66},[44,29526,29527],{"class":70},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[44,29529,29530],{"class":66},"'\n",[600,29532,29534],{"id":29533},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[35,29536,29538],{"className":37,"code":29537,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29539,29540,29548,29552,29560,29575,29585,29591],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29541,29542,29544,29546],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29543,8988],{"class":50},[44,29545,55],{"class":54},[44,29547,9660],{"class":62},[44,29549,29550],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,29551,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,29553,29554,29556,29558],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,29555,6828],{"class":1384},[44,29557,14393],{"class":50},[44,29559,1388],{"class":62},[44,29561,29562,29565,29567,29569,29571,29573],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,29563,29564],{"class":50},"    item ",[44,29566,55],{"class":54},[44,29568,14393],{"class":50},[44,29570,504],{"class":62},[44,29572,28378],{"class":97},[44,29574,345],{"class":62},[44,29576,29577,29579,29581,29583],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,29578,1416],{"class":58},[44,29580,63],{"class":62},[44,29582,23139],{"class":97},[44,29584,76],{"class":62},[44,29586,29587,29589],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,29588,27264],{"class":1384},[44,29590,1388],{"class":62},[44,29592,29593,29595,29597,29599,29602,29604],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,29594,1416],{"class":58},[44,29596,63],{"class":62},[44,29598,67],{"class":66},[44,29600,29601],{"class":70},"Dictionary is empty",[44,29603,67],{"class":66},[44,29605,76],{"class":62},[600,29607,29609,29610],{"id":29608},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29611,1315],{},[35,29613,29615],{"className":37,"code":29614,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29616,29617,29625,29629,29635,29649,29659,29668],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29618,29619,29621,29623],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29620,8988],{"class":50},[44,29622,55],{"class":54},[44,29624,9660],{"class":62},[44,29626,29627],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,29628,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,29630,29631,29633],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,29632,1385],{"class":1384},[44,29634,1388],{"class":62},[44,29636,29637,29639,29641,29643,29645,29647],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,29638,29564],{"class":50},[44,29640,55],{"class":54},[44,29642,14393],{"class":50},[44,29644,504],{"class":62},[44,29646,28378],{"class":97},[44,29648,345],{"class":62},[44,29650,29651,29653,29655,29657],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,29652,1416],{"class":58},[44,29654,63],{"class":62},[44,29656,23139],{"class":97},[44,29658,76],{"class":62},[44,29660,29661,29663,29666],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,29662,1450],{"class":1384},[44,29664,29665],{"class":426}," KeyError",[44,29667,1388],{"class":62},[44,29669,29670,29672,29674,29676,29679,29681],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,29671,1416],{"class":58},[44,29673,63],{"class":62},[44,29675,67],{"class":66},[44,29677,29678],{"class":70},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[44,29680,67],{"class":66},[44,29682,76],{"class":62},[20,29684,29685,29686,504],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[491,29687,25509,29689],{"href":29688},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29690,29691],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[30,29693,4788,29695],{"id":29694},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29696,12594],{},[20,29698,29699,29701],{},[15,29700,12594],{}," is useful when:",[126,29703,29704,29707,29710],{},[129,29705,29706],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[129,29708,29709],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[129,29711,29712],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29714,29715],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[35,29717,29719],{"className":37,"code":29718,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29720,29721,29730,29750,29770,29788,29792,29796,29806,29825],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29722,29723,29726,29728],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29724,29725],{"class":50},"tasks ",[44,29727,55],{"class":54},[44,29729,11318],{"class":62},[44,29731,29732,29734,29737,29739,29741,29743,29746,29748],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,29733,11323],{"class":66},[44,29735,29736],{"class":70},"first",[44,29738,67],{"class":66},[44,29740,449],{"class":62},[44,29742,1438],{"class":66},[44,29744,29745],{"class":70},"wash dishes",[44,29747,67],{"class":66},[44,29749,11339],{"class":62},[44,29751,29752,29754,29757,29759,29761,29763,29766,29768],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,29753,11323],{"class":66},[44,29755,29756],{"class":70},"second",[44,29758,67],{"class":66},[44,29760,449],{"class":62},[44,29762,1438],{"class":66},[44,29764,29765],{"class":70},"do homework",[44,29767,67],{"class":66},[44,29769,11339],{"class":62},[44,29771,29772,29774,29777,29779,29781,29783,29786],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,29773,11323],{"class":66},[44,29775,29776],{"class":70},"third",[44,29778,67],{"class":66},[44,29780,449],{"class":62},[44,29782,1438],{"class":66},[44,29784,29785],{"class":70},"read book",[44,29787,3176],{"class":66},[44,29789,29790],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,29791,9130],{"class":62},[44,29793,29794],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,29795,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,29797,29798,29801,29804],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,29799,29800],{"class":1384},"while",[44,29802,29803],{"class":50}," tasks",[44,29805,1388],{"class":62},[44,29807,29808,29811,29813,29815,29817,29819,29821,29823],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,29809,29810],{"class":50},"    key",[44,29812,186],{"class":62},[44,29814,21413],{"class":50},[44,29816,55],{"class":54},[44,29818,29803],{"class":50},[44,29820,504],{"class":62},[44,29822,28378],{"class":97},[44,29824,345],{"class":62},[44,29826,29827,29829,29831,29833,29835,29837,29839,29841,29843,29845,29847,29849,29851],{"class":46,"line":6261},[44,29828,1416],{"class":58},[44,29830,63],{"class":62},[44,29832,22122],{"class":466},[44,29834,67],{"class":70},[44,29836,9100],{"class":452},[44,29838,14668],{"class":97},[44,29840,22131],{"class":452},[44,29842,22134],{"class":70},[44,29844,9100],{"class":452},[44,29846,354],{"class":97},[44,29848,22131],{"class":452},[44,29850,67],{"class":70},[44,29852,76],{"class":62},[20,29854,29855],{},[3563,29856,194],{},[35,29858,29860],{"className":37,"code":29859,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,29861,29862,29871,29880],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29863,29864,29866,29868],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29865,29776],{"class":50},[44,29867,449],{"class":62},[44,29869,29870],{"class":50}," read book\n",[44,29872,29873,29875,29877],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,29874,29756],{"class":50},[44,29876,449],{"class":62},[44,29878,29879],{"class":50}," do homework\n",[44,29881,29882,29884,29886],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,29883,29736],{"class":50},[44,29885,449],{"class":62},[44,29887,29888],{"class":50}," wash dishes\n",[20,29890,1692,29891,29893],{},[15,29892,12594],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[30,29895,1486],{"id":1485},[20,29897,14560,29898,449],{},[15,29899,12594],{},[126,29901,29902,29916,29935,29946],{},[129,29903,29904,29909],{},[3563,29905,29480,29906,29908],{},[15,29907,12594],{}," on an empty dictionary",[126,29910,29911],{},[129,29912,29913,29914,504],{},"This raises ",[15,29915,19517],{},[129,29917,29918,29923],{},[3563,29919,8279,29920,29922],{},[15,29921,12594],{}," to remove a specific key",[126,29924,29925,29928],{},[129,29926,29927],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[129,29929,103,29930,29934],{},[491,29931,29932],{"href":12391},[15,29933,12587],{}," if you need that.",[129,29936,29937,29941],{},[3563,29938,984,29939,27530],{},[15,29940,12594],{},[126,29942,29943],{},[129,29944,29945],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[129,29947,29948,29951],{},[3563,29949,29950],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[126,29952,29953],{},[129,29954,29955,21803,29957,29959],{},[15,29956,12594],{},[15,29958,21483],{}," tuple.",[20,29961,29962],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[35,29964,29966],{"className":37,"code":29965,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,29967,29968,29978,29992,29996,30010],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29969,29970,29972,29974,29976],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29971,82],{"class":58},[44,29973,63],{"class":62},[44,29975,11275],{"class":97},[44,29977,76],{"class":62},[44,29979,29980,29982,29984,29986,29988,29990],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,29981,82],{"class":58},[44,29983,63],{"class":62},[44,29985,10986],{"class":58},[44,29987,63],{"class":62},[44,29989,11275],{"class":97},[44,29991,434],{"class":62},[44,29993,29994],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,29995,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,29997,29998,30000,30002,30004,30006,30008],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,29999,28369],{"class":50},[44,30001,55],{"class":54},[44,30003,11591],{"class":50},[44,30005,504],{"class":62},[44,30007,28378],{"class":97},[44,30009,345],{"class":62},[44,30011,30012,30014,30016,30018],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,30013,82],{"class":58},[44,30015,63],{"class":62},[44,30017,23139],{"class":97},[44,30019,76],{"class":62},[20,30021,30022],{},"Or with unpacking:",[35,30024,30026],{"className":37,"code":30025,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30027,30028,30046,30056],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30029,30030,30032,30034,30036,30038,30040,30042,30044],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30031,14668],{"class":50},[44,30033,186],{"class":62},[44,30035,21413],{"class":50},[44,30037,55],{"class":54},[44,30039,11591],{"class":50},[44,30041,504],{"class":62},[44,30043,28378],{"class":97},[44,30045,345],{"class":62},[44,30047,30048,30050,30052,30054],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,30049,82],{"class":58},[44,30051,63],{"class":62},[44,30053,14668],{"class":97},[44,30055,76],{"class":62},[44,30057,30058,30060,30062,30064],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,30059,82],{"class":58},[44,30061,63],{"class":62},[44,30063,354],{"class":97},[44,30065,76],{"class":62},[30,30067,1651],{"id":1650},[600,30069,4970,30071,4973],{"id":30070},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30072,12594],{},[20,30074,30075,30076,504],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30077,30078],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[600,30080,1655,30082,30084],{"id":30081},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30083,12594],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30086,30087],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[600,30089,30091,30092,30094],{"id":30090},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30093,12594],{}," removes?",[20,30096,30097,30098,30102],{},"No. Use ",[491,30099,30100],{"href":12391},[15,30101,12587],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[600,30104,1655,30106,14723],{"id":30105},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30107,12594],{},[20,30109,30110],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[600,30112,30114,30115,30117],{"id":30113},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30116,12594],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30119,30120,30121,30123,30124,504],{},"It raises ",[15,30122,19517],{}," with the message ",[15,30125,29527],{},[30,30127,1719],{"id":1718},[126,30129,30130,30137,30143,30149,30155,30162,30166,30170],{},[129,30131,30132],{},[491,30133,30134,30136],{"href":12391},[15,30135,12587],{}," method for dictionaries",[129,30138,30139],{},[491,30140,30141,30136],{"href":16904},[15,30142,16907],{},[129,30144,30145],{},[491,30146,30147,30136],{"href":16891},[15,30148,16894],{},[129,30150,30151],{},[491,30152,30153,30136],{"href":16897},[15,30154,16900],{},[129,30156,30157],{},[491,30158,30160,30136],{"href":30159},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30161,11146],{},[129,30163,30164],{},[491,30165,12611],{"href":12398},[129,30167,30168],{},[491,30169,21286],{"href":16425},[129,30171,30172],{},[491,30173,30174,30175],{"href":29688},"Fix ",[15,30176,29691],{},[1758,30178,30179],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":30181},[30182,30183,30185,30186,30187,30188,30189,30190,30195,30200,30202,30203,30215],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":28465,"depth":79,"text":30184},"What popitem() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":28535,"depth":79,"text":28536},{"id":11299,"depth":79,"text":11300},{"id":28888,"depth":79,"text":28889},{"id":29079,"depth":79,"text":29080},{"id":29207,"depth":79,"text":30191,"children":30192},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30193,30194],{"id":28378,"depth":419,"text":12594},{"id":26071,"depth":419,"text":12587},{"id":29476,"depth":79,"text":29477,"children":30196},[30197,30198],{"id":29533,"depth":419,"text":29534},{"id":29608,"depth":419,"text":30199},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29694,"depth":79,"text":30201},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":30204},[30205,30207,30209,30211,30213],{"id":30070,"depth":419,"text":30206},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30081,"depth":419,"text":30208},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30090,"depth":419,"text":30210},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30105,"depth":419,"text":30212},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30113,"depth":419,"text":30214},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28204,"description":30216},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30223,"title":30224,"body":30225,"description":32126,"extension":1796,"meta":32127,"navigation":807,"path":13859,"seo":32128,"stem":32129,"__hash__":32130},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30226,"toc":32098},[30227,30232,30237,30240,30242,30339,30344,30349,30354,30357,30365,30368,30383,30385,30485,30487,30544,30548,30550,30553,30573,30578,30589,30592,30619,30622,30624,30681,30683,30704,30710,30715,30718,30729,30731,30839,30841,30894,30896,30908,30915,30921,30926,30929,31017,31019,31064,31067,31075,31078,31081,31150,31153,31156,31160,31163,31233,31235,31288,31291,31294,31297,31312,31315,31327,31330,31393,31395,31401,31403,31405,31484,31486,31527,31529,31594,31596,31633,31638,31643,31647,31661,31664,31787,31789,31874,31879,31881,31885,31907,31909,31989,31992,32011,32016,32018,32024,32029,32035,32038,32044,32047,32053,32058,32064,32070,32072,32095],[10,30228,11143,30230,11147],{"id":30229},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30231,14781],{},[20,30233,22,30234,30236],{},[15,30235,14781],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30238,30239],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[30,30241,33],{"id":32},[35,30243,30245],{"className":37,"code":30244,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30246,30247,30283,30324,30334],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30248,30249,30251,30253,30255,30257,30259,30261,30263,30265,30267,30269,30271,30273,30275,30277,30279,30281],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30250,13030],{"class":50},[44,30252,55],{"class":54},[44,30254,10313],{"class":62},[44,30256,67],{"class":66},[44,30258,652],{"class":70},[44,30260,67],{"class":66},[44,30262,449],{"class":62},[44,30264,1438],{"class":66},[44,30266,12705],{"class":70},[44,30268,67],{"class":66},[44,30270,186],{"class":62},[44,30272,1438],{"class":66},[44,30274,414],{"class":70},[44,30276,67],{"class":66},[44,30278,449],{"class":62},[44,30280,7620],{"class":452},[44,30282,9130],{"class":62},[44,30284,30285,30287,30289,30292,30294,30296,30298,30300,30302,30305,30307,30309,30311,30313,30315,30317,30319,30321],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,30286,17136],{"class":50},[44,30288,504],{"class":62},[44,30290,30291],{"class":97},"update",[44,30293,5358],{"class":62},[44,30295,67],{"class":66},[44,30297,414],{"class":70},[44,30299,67],{"class":66},[44,30301,449],{"class":62},[44,30303,30304],{"class":452}," 21",[44,30306,186],{"class":62},[44,30308,1438],{"class":66},[44,30310,10231],{"class":70},[44,30312,67],{"class":66},[44,30314,449],{"class":62},[44,30316,1438],{"class":66},[44,30318,15859],{"class":70},[44,30320,67],{"class":66},[44,30322,30323],{"class":62},"})\n",[44,30325,30326,30328,30330,30332],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,30327,82],{"class":58},[44,30329,63],{"class":62},[44,30331,17136],{"class":97},[44,30333,76],{"class":62},[44,30335,30336],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,30337,30338],{"class":3483},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30340,103,30341,30343],{},[15,30342,14781],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[30,30345,113,30347,116],{"id":30346},"what-update-does",[15,30348,14781],{},[20,30350,30351,30353],{},[15,30352,14781],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30355,30356],{},"It can do two main things:",[126,30358,30359,30362],{},[129,30360,30361],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[129,30363,30364],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30366,30367],{},"Important things to know:",[126,30369,30370,30373,30376,30380],{},[129,30371,30372],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[129,30374,30375],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[129,30377,4976,30378],{},[15,30379,3599],{},[129,30381,30382],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30384,145],{},[35,30386,30388],{"className":37,"code":30387,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30389,30390,30432,30475],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30391,30392,30394,30396,30398,30400,30402,30404,30406,30408,30411,30413,30415,30417,30419,30421,30423,30425,30428,30430],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30393,12688],{"class":50},[44,30395,55],{"class":54},[44,30397,10313],{"class":62},[44,30399,67],{"class":66},[44,30401,652],{"class":70},[44,30403,67],{"class":66},[44,30405,449],{"class":62},[44,30407,1438],{"class":66},[44,30409,30410],{"class":70},"Mira",[44,30412,67],{"class":66},[44,30414,186],{"class":62},[44,30416,1438],{"class":66},[44,30418,19721],{"class":70},[44,30420,67],{"class":66},[44,30422,449],{"class":62},[44,30424,1438],{"class":66},[44,30426,30427],{"class":70},"B",[44,30429,67],{"class":66},[44,30431,9130],{"class":62},[44,30433,30434,30436,30438,30440,30442,30444,30446,30448,30450,30452,30454,30456,30458,30460,30462,30464,30466,30468,30471,30473],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,30435,13452],{"class":50},[44,30437,504],{"class":62},[44,30439,30291],{"class":97},[44,30441,5358],{"class":62},[44,30443,67],{"class":66},[44,30445,19721],{"class":70},[44,30447,67],{"class":66},[44,30449,449],{"class":62},[44,30451,1438],{"class":66},[44,30453,22073],{"class":70},[44,30455,67],{"class":66},[44,30457,186],{"class":62},[44,30459,1438],{"class":66},[44,30461,10231],{"class":70},[44,30463,67],{"class":66},[44,30465,449],{"class":62},[44,30467,1438],{"class":66},[44,30469,30470],{"class":70},"Quito",[44,30472,67],{"class":66},[44,30474,30323],{"class":62},[44,30476,30477,30479,30481,30483],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,30478,82],{"class":58},[44,30480,63],{"class":62},[44,30482,13452],{"class":97},[44,30484,76],{"class":62},[20,30486,1031],{},[35,30488,30490],{"className":37,"code":30489,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30491,30492],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30493,30494,30496,30498,30500,30502,30504,30506,30508,30510,30512,30514,30516,30518,30520,30522,30524,30526,30528,30530,30532,30534,30536,30538,30540,30542],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30495,9100],{"class":62},[44,30497,476],{"class":66},[44,30499,652],{"class":70},[44,30501,476],{"class":66},[44,30503,449],{"class":62},[44,30505,470],{"class":66},[44,30507,30410],{"class":70},[44,30509,476],{"class":66},[44,30511,186],{"class":62},[44,30513,470],{"class":66},[44,30515,19721],{"class":70},[44,30517,476],{"class":66},[44,30519,449],{"class":62},[44,30521,470],{"class":66},[44,30523,22073],{"class":70},[44,30525,476],{"class":66},[44,30527,186],{"class":62},[44,30529,470],{"class":66},[44,30531,10231],{"class":70},[44,30533,476],{"class":66},[44,30535,449],{"class":62},[44,30537,470],{"class":66},[44,30539,30470],{"class":70},[44,30541,476],{"class":66},[44,30543,9130],{"class":62},[20,30545,8974,30546,504],{},[491,30547,24457],{"href":9212},[30,30549,250],{"id":249},[20,30551,30552],{},"The basic form is:",[35,30554,30556],{"className":37,"code":30555,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30557,30558],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30559,30560,30562,30564,30566,30568,30571],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30561,15432],{"class":50},[44,30563,504],{"class":62},[44,30565,30291],{"class":97},[44,30567,63],{"class":62},[44,30569,30570],{"class":97},"other",[44,30572,76],{"class":62},[20,30574,30575,30577],{},[15,30576,30570],{}," can be:",[126,30579,30580,30583,30586],{},[129,30581,30582],{},"Another dictionary",[129,30584,30585],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[129,30587,30588],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30590,30591],{},"You can also use:",[35,30593,30595],{"className":37,"code":30594,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30596,30597],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30598,30599,30601,30603,30605,30607,30609,30611,30613,30615,30617],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30600,15432],{"class":50},[44,30602,504],{"class":62},[44,30604,30291],{"class":97},[44,30606,63],{"class":62},[44,30608,652],{"class":8998},[44,30610,55],{"class":54},[44,30612,67],{"class":66},[44,30614,7507],{"class":70},[44,30616,67],{"class":66},[44,30618,76],{"class":62},[20,30620,30621],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30623,145],{},[35,30625,30627],{"className":37,"code":30626,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30628,30629,30649,30671],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30630,30631,30633,30635,30637,30639,30641,30643,30645,30647],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30632,8988],{"class":50},[44,30634,55],{"class":54},[44,30636,10313],{"class":62},[44,30638,67],{"class":66},[44,30640,491],{"class":70},[44,30642,67],{"class":66},[44,30644,449],{"class":62},[44,30646,711],{"class":452},[44,30648,9130],{"class":62},[44,30650,30651,30653,30655,30657,30659,30661,30663,30665,30667,30669],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,30652,9026],{"class":50},[44,30654,504],{"class":62},[44,30656,30291],{"class":97},[44,30658,5358],{"class":62},[44,30660,67],{"class":66},[44,30662,491],{"class":70},[44,30664,67],{"class":66},[44,30666,449],{"class":62},[44,30668,5834],{"class":452},[44,30670,30323],{"class":62},[44,30672,30673,30675,30677,30679],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,30674,82],{"class":58},[44,30676,63],{"class":62},[44,30678,9026],{"class":97},[44,30680,76],{"class":62},[20,30682,1031],{},[35,30684,30686],{"className":37,"code":30685,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30687,30688],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30689,30690,30692,30694,30696,30698,30700,30702],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30691,9100],{"class":62},[44,30693,476],{"class":66},[44,30695,491],{"class":70},[44,30697,476],{"class":66},[44,30699,449],{"class":62},[44,30701,5834],{"class":452},[44,30703,9130],{"class":62},[30,30705,8243,30707,30709],{"id":30706},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30708,14781],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30711,30712,30713,504],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30714,14781],{},[20,30716,30717],{},"It is useful when:",[126,30719,30720,30723,30726],{},[129,30721,30722],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[129,30724,30725],{},"Adding extra settings",[129,30727,30728],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30730,145],{},[35,30732,30734],{"className":37,"code":30733,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30735,30736,30773,30810,30814,30829],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30737,30738,30740,30742,30744,30746,30748,30750,30752,30754,30756,30758,30760,30762,30764,30766,30768,30771],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30739,13652],{"class":50},[44,30741,55],{"class":54},[44,30743,10313],{"class":62},[44,30745,67],{"class":66},[44,30747,12319],{"class":70},[44,30749,67],{"class":66},[44,30751,449],{"class":62},[44,30753,1438],{"class":66},[44,30755,20756],{"class":70},[44,30757,67],{"class":66},[44,30759,186],{"class":62},[44,30761,1438],{"class":66},[44,30763,13677],{"class":70},[44,30765,67],{"class":66},[44,30767,449],{"class":62},[44,30769,30770],{"class":452}," 12",[44,30772,9130],{"class":62},[44,30774,30775,30778,30780,30782,30784,30786,30788,30790,30792,30794,30796,30798,30800,30802,30804,30806,30808],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,30776,30777],{"class":50},"new_settings ",[44,30779,55],{"class":54},[44,30781,10313],{"class":62},[44,30783,67],{"class":66},[44,30785,13677],{"class":70},[44,30787,67],{"class":66},[44,30789,449],{"class":62},[44,30791,13684],{"class":452},[44,30793,186],{"class":62},[44,30795,1438],{"class":66},[44,30797,19951],{"class":70},[44,30799,67],{"class":66},[44,30801,449],{"class":62},[44,30803,1438],{"class":66},[44,30805,19985],{"class":70},[44,30807,67],{"class":66},[44,30809,9130],{"class":62},[44,30811,30812],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,30813,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,30815,30816,30818,30820,30822,30824,30827],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,30817,13711],{"class":50},[44,30819,504],{"class":62},[44,30821,30291],{"class":97},[44,30823,63],{"class":62},[44,30825,30826],{"class":97},"new_settings",[44,30828,76],{"class":62},[44,30830,30831,30833,30835,30837],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,30832,82],{"class":58},[44,30834,63],{"class":62},[44,30836,13711],{"class":97},[44,30838,76],{"class":62},[20,30840,1031],{},[35,30842,30844],{"className":37,"code":30843,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,30845,30846],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30847,30848,30850,30852,30854,30856,30858,30860,30862,30864,30866,30868,30870,30872,30874,30876,30878,30880,30882,30884,30886,30888,30890,30892],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30849,9100],{"class":62},[44,30851,476],{"class":66},[44,30853,12319],{"class":70},[44,30855,476],{"class":66},[44,30857,449],{"class":62},[44,30859,470],{"class":66},[44,30861,20756],{"class":70},[44,30863,476],{"class":66},[44,30865,186],{"class":62},[44,30867,470],{"class":66},[44,30869,13677],{"class":70},[44,30871,476],{"class":66},[44,30873,449],{"class":62},[44,30875,13684],{"class":452},[44,30877,186],{"class":62},[44,30879,470],{"class":66},[44,30881,19951],{"class":70},[44,30883,476],{"class":66},[44,30885,449],{"class":62},[44,30887,470],{"class":66},[44,30889,19985],{"class":70},[44,30891,476],{"class":66},[44,30893,9130],{"class":62},[20,30895,13235],{},[126,30897,30898,30903],{},[129,30899,30900,30902],{},[15,30901,13677],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[129,30904,30905,30907],{},[15,30906,19951],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,30909,30910,30911,504],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[491,30912,30914],{"href":30913},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[30,30916,8243,30918,30920],{"id":30917},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,30919,14781],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,30922,30923,30925],{},[15,30924,14781],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,30927,30928],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[35,30930,30932],{"className":37,"code":30931,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,30933,30934,30954,30989,30993,31007],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30935,30936,30938,30940,30942,30944,30946,30948,30950,30952],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30937,4891],{"class":50},[44,30939,55],{"class":54},[44,30941,10313],{"class":62},[44,30943,67],{"class":66},[44,30945,18247],{"class":70},[44,30947,67],{"class":66},[44,30949,449],{"class":62},[44,30951,19728],{"class":452},[44,30953,9130],{"class":62},[44,30955,30956,30958,30960,30962,30964,30966,30968,30970,30972,30974,30976,30978,30981,30983,30985,30987],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,30957,9037],{"class":50},[44,30959,55],{"class":54},[44,30961,9042],{"class":62},[44,30963,67],{"class":66},[44,30965,18256],{"class":70},[44,30967,67],{"class":66},[44,30969,186],{"class":62},[44,30971,13333],{"class":452},[44,30973,9055],{"class":62},[44,30975,9058],{"class":62},[44,30977,67],{"class":66},[44,30979,30980],{"class":70},"english",[44,30982,67],{"class":66},[44,30984,186],{"class":62},[44,30986,28751],{"class":452},[44,30988,9071],{"class":62},[44,30990,30991],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,30992,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,30994,30995,30997,30999,31001,31003,31005],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,30996,16217],{"class":50},[44,30998,504],{"class":62},[44,31000,30291],{"class":97},[44,31002,63],{"class":62},[44,31004,9084],{"class":97},[44,31006,76],{"class":62},[44,31008,31009,31011,31013,31015],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,31010,82],{"class":58},[44,31012,63],{"class":62},[44,31014,16217],{"class":97},[44,31016,76],{"class":62},[20,31018,1031],{},[35,31020,31022],{"className":37,"code":31021,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31023,31024],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31025,31026,31028,31030,31032,31034,31036,31038,31040,31042,31044,31046,31048,31050,31052,31054,31056,31058,31060,31062],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31027,9100],{"class":62},[44,31029,476],{"class":66},[44,31031,18247],{"class":70},[44,31033,476],{"class":66},[44,31035,449],{"class":62},[44,31037,19728],{"class":452},[44,31039,186],{"class":62},[44,31041,470],{"class":66},[44,31043,18256],{"class":70},[44,31045,476],{"class":66},[44,31047,449],{"class":62},[44,31049,13333],{"class":452},[44,31051,186],{"class":62},[44,31053,470],{"class":66},[44,31055,30980],{"class":70},[44,31057,476],{"class":66},[44,31059,449],{"class":62},[44,31061,28751],{"class":452},[44,31063,9130],{"class":62},[20,31065,31066],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[126,31068,31069,31072],{},[129,31070,31071],{},"The key",[129,31073,31074],{},"The value",[20,31076,31077],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31079,31080],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[35,31082,31084],{"className":37,"code":31083,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31085,31086,31106,31131,31135],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31087,31088,31090,31092,31094,31096,31098,31100,31102,31104],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31089,8988],{"class":50},[44,31091,55],{"class":54},[44,31093,10313],{"class":62},[44,31095,67],{"class":66},[44,31097,491],{"class":70},[44,31099,67],{"class":66},[44,31101,449],{"class":62},[44,31103,711],{"class":452},[44,31105,9130],{"class":62},[44,31107,31108,31111,31113,31115,31117,31119,31121,31123,31125,31127,31129],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,31109,31110],{"class":50},"bad_pairs ",[44,31112,55],{"class":54},[44,31114,9042],{"class":62},[44,31116,67],{"class":66},[44,31118,4587],{"class":70},[44,31120,67],{"class":66},[44,31122,186],{"class":62},[44,31124,2812],{"class":452},[44,31126,186],{"class":62},[44,31128,2282],{"class":452},[44,31130,9071],{"class":62},[44,31132,31133],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,31134,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,31136,31137,31139,31141,31143,31145,31148],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,31138,9026],{"class":50},[44,31140,504],{"class":62},[44,31142,30291],{"class":97},[44,31144,63],{"class":62},[44,31146,31147],{"class":97},"bad_pairs",[44,31149,76],{"class":62},[20,31151,31152],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31154,31155],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[30,31157,31159],{"id":31158},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31161,31162],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[35,31164,31166],{"className":37,"code":31165,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31167,31168,31192,31223],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31169,31170,31172,31174,31176,31178,31180,31182,31184,31186,31188,31190],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31171,11313],{"class":50},[44,31173,55],{"class":54},[44,31175,10313],{"class":62},[44,31177,67],{"class":66},[44,31179,652],{"class":70},[44,31181,67],{"class":66},[44,31183,449],{"class":62},[44,31185,1438],{"class":66},[44,31187,28744],{"class":70},[44,31189,67],{"class":66},[44,31191,9130],{"class":62},[44,31193,31194,31196,31198,31200,31202,31204,31206,31208,31210,31212,31214,31216,31219,31221],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,31195,11407],{"class":50},[44,31197,504],{"class":62},[44,31199,30291],{"class":97},[44,31201,63],{"class":62},[44,31203,414],{"class":8998},[44,31205,55],{"class":54},[44,31207,485],{"class":452},[44,31209,186],{"class":62},[44,31211,1368],{"class":8998},[44,31213,55],{"class":54},[44,31215,67],{"class":66},[44,31217,31218],{"class":70},"Madrid",[44,31220,67],{"class":66},[44,31222,76],{"class":62},[44,31224,31225,31227,31229,31231],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,31226,82],{"class":58},[44,31228,63],{"class":62},[44,31230,11407],{"class":97},[44,31232,76],{"class":62},[20,31234,1031],{},[35,31236,31238],{"className":37,"code":31237,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31239,31240],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31241,31242,31244,31246,31248,31250,31252,31254,31256,31258,31260,31262,31264,31266,31268,31270,31272,31274,31276,31278,31280,31282,31284,31286],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31243,9100],{"class":62},[44,31245,476],{"class":66},[44,31247,652],{"class":70},[44,31249,476],{"class":66},[44,31251,449],{"class":62},[44,31253,470],{"class":66},[44,31255,28744],{"class":70},[44,31257,476],{"class":66},[44,31259,186],{"class":62},[44,31261,470],{"class":66},[44,31263,414],{"class":70},[44,31265,476],{"class":66},[44,31267,449],{"class":62},[44,31269,9127],{"class":452},[44,31271,186],{"class":62},[44,31273,470],{"class":66},[44,31275,10231],{"class":70},[44,31277,476],{"class":66},[44,31279,449],{"class":62},[44,31281,470],{"class":66},[44,31283,31218],{"class":70},[44,31285,476],{"class":66},[44,31287,9130],{"class":62},[20,31289,31290],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31292,31293],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31295,31296],{},"These work:",[126,31298,31299,31303,31307],{},[129,31300,31301],{},[15,31302,414],{},[129,31304,31305],{},[15,31306,10231],{},[129,31308,31309],{},[15,31310,31311],{},"first_name",[20,31313,31314],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[126,31316,31317,31322],{},[129,31318,31319],{},[15,31320,31321],{},"\"first name\"",[129,31323,31324],{},[15,31325,31326],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31328,31329],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[35,31331,31333],{"className":37,"code":31332,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31334,31335,31343,31383],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31336,31337,31339,31341],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31338,11313],{"class":50},[44,31340,55],{"class":54},[44,31342,9660],{"class":62},[44,31344,31345,31347,31349,31351,31353,31355,31357,31359,31361,31363,31365,31367,31369,31371,31374,31376,31378,31381],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,31346,11407],{"class":50},[44,31348,504],{"class":62},[44,31350,30291],{"class":97},[44,31352,5358],{"class":62},[44,31354,67],{"class":66},[44,31356,10335],{"class":70},[44,31358,67],{"class":66},[44,31360,449],{"class":62},[44,31362,1438],{"class":66},[44,31364,28744],{"class":70},[44,31366,67],{"class":66},[44,31368,186],{"class":62},[44,31370,1438],{"class":66},[44,31372,31373],{"class":70},"user-id",[44,31375,67],{"class":66},[44,31377,449],{"class":62},[44,31379,31380],{"class":452}," 1001",[44,31382,30323],{"class":62},[44,31384,31385,31387,31389,31391],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,31386,82],{"class":58},[44,31388,63],{"class":62},[44,31390,11407],{"class":97},[44,31392,76],{"class":62},[30,31394,17248],{"id":17247},[20,31396,31397,2228,31399,504],{},[15,31398,14781],{},[15,31400,3599],{},[20,31402,13875],{},[20,31404,24537],{},[35,31406,31408],{"className":37,"code":31407,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31409,31410,31434,31460,31464,31474],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31411,31412,31414,31416,31418,31420,31422,31424,31426,31428,31430,31432],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31413,13030],{"class":50},[44,31415,55],{"class":54},[44,31417,10313],{"class":62},[44,31419,67],{"class":66},[44,31421,652],{"class":70},[44,31423,67],{"class":66},[44,31425,449],{"class":62},[44,31427,1438],{"class":66},[44,31429,12705],{"class":70},[44,31431,67],{"class":66},[44,31433,9130],{"class":62},[44,31435,31436,31438,31440,31442,31444,31446,31448,31450,31452,31454,31456,31458],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,31437,2059],{"class":50},[44,31439,55],{"class":54},[44,31441,13073],{"class":50},[44,31443,504],{"class":62},[44,31445,30291],{"class":97},[44,31447,5358],{"class":62},[44,31449,67],{"class":66},[44,31451,414],{"class":70},[44,31453,67],{"class":66},[44,31455,449],{"class":62},[44,31457,7620],{"class":452},[44,31459,30323],{"class":62},[44,31461,31462],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,31463,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,31465,31466,31468,31470,31472],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,31467,82],{"class":58},[44,31469,63],{"class":62},[44,31471,2094],{"class":97},[44,31473,76],{"class":62},[44,31475,31476,31478,31480,31482],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,31477,82],{"class":58},[44,31479,63],{"class":62},[44,31481,17136],{"class":97},[44,31483,76],{"class":62},[20,31485,1031],{},[35,31487,31489],{"className":37,"code":31488,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31490,31491,31495],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31492,31493],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31494,11633],{"class":3674},[44,31496,31497,31499,31501,31503,31505,31507,31509,31511,31513,31515,31517,31519,31521,31523,31525],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,31498,9100],{"class":62},[44,31500,476],{"class":66},[44,31502,652],{"class":70},[44,31504,476],{"class":66},[44,31506,449],{"class":62},[44,31508,470],{"class":66},[44,31510,12705],{"class":70},[44,31512,476],{"class":66},[44,31514,186],{"class":62},[44,31516,470],{"class":66},[44,31518,414],{"class":70},[44,31520,476],{"class":66},[44,31522,449],{"class":62},[44,31524,7620],{"class":452},[44,31526,9130],{"class":62},[20,31528,16484],{},[35,31530,31532],{"className":37,"code":31531,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31533,31534,31558,31580,31584],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31535,31536,31538,31540,31542,31544,31546,31548,31550,31552,31554,31556],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31537,13030],{"class":50},[44,31539,55],{"class":54},[44,31541,10313],{"class":62},[44,31543,67],{"class":66},[44,31545,652],{"class":70},[44,31547,67],{"class":66},[44,31549,449],{"class":62},[44,31551,1438],{"class":66},[44,31553,12705],{"class":70},[44,31555,67],{"class":66},[44,31557,9130],{"class":62},[44,31559,31560,31562,31564,31566,31568,31570,31572,31574,31576,31578],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,31561,17136],{"class":50},[44,31563,504],{"class":62},[44,31565,30291],{"class":97},[44,31567,5358],{"class":62},[44,31569,67],{"class":66},[44,31571,414],{"class":70},[44,31573,67],{"class":66},[44,31575,449],{"class":62},[44,31577,7620],{"class":452},[44,31579,30323],{"class":62},[44,31581,31582],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,31583,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,31585,31586,31588,31590,31592],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,31587,82],{"class":58},[44,31589,63],{"class":62},[44,31591,17136],{"class":97},[44,31593,76],{"class":62},[20,31595,1031],{},[35,31597,31599],{"className":37,"code":31598,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31600,31601],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31602,31603,31605,31607,31609,31611,31613,31615,31617,31619,31621,31623,31625,31627,31629,31631],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31604,9100],{"class":62},[44,31606,476],{"class":66},[44,31608,652],{"class":70},[44,31610,476],{"class":66},[44,31612,449],{"class":62},[44,31614,470],{"class":66},[44,31616,12705],{"class":70},[44,31618,476],{"class":66},[44,31620,186],{"class":62},[44,31622,470],{"class":66},[44,31624,414],{"class":70},[44,31626,476],{"class":66},[44,31628,449],{"class":62},[44,31630,7620],{"class":452},[44,31632,9130],{"class":62},[20,31634,31635,31636,504],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[491,31637,17734],{"href":10554},[30,31639,4788,31641],{"id":31640},"when-to-use-update",[15,31642,14781],{},[20,31644,103,31645,10424],{},[15,31646,14781],{},[126,31648,31649,31652,31655,31658],{},[129,31650,31651],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[129,31653,31654],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[129,31656,31657],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[129,31659,31660],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31662,31663],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[35,31665,31667],{"className":37,"code":31666,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31668,31669,31705,31720,31724,31763,31767,31777],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31670,31671,31673,31675,31677,31679,31681,31683,31685,31687,31689,31691,31693,31695,31697,31699,31701,31703],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31672,11911],{"class":50},[44,31674,55],{"class":54},[44,31676,10313],{"class":62},[44,31678,67],{"class":66},[44,31680,652],{"class":70},[44,31682,67],{"class":66},[44,31684,449],{"class":62},[44,31686,1438],{"class":66},[44,31688,12705],{"class":70},[44,31690,67],{"class":66},[44,31692,186],{"class":62},[44,31694,1438],{"class":66},[44,31696,414],{"class":70},[44,31698,67],{"class":66},[44,31700,449],{"class":62},[44,31702,7620],{"class":452},[44,31704,9130],{"class":62},[44,31706,31707,31710,31712,31714,31716,31718],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,31708,31709],{"class":50},"updated ",[44,31711,55],{"class":54},[44,31713,11986],{"class":50},[44,31715,504],{"class":62},[44,31717,12736],{"class":97},[44,31719,345],{"class":62},[44,31721,31722],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,31723,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,31725,31726,31729,31731,31733,31735,31737,31739,31741,31743,31745,31747,31749,31751,31753,31755,31757,31759,31761],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,31727,31728],{"class":50},"updated",[44,31730,504],{"class":62},[44,31732,30291],{"class":97},[44,31734,5358],{"class":62},[44,31736,67],{"class":66},[44,31738,414],{"class":70},[44,31740,67],{"class":66},[44,31742,449],{"class":62},[44,31744,30304],{"class":452},[44,31746,186],{"class":62},[44,31748,1438],{"class":66},[44,31750,10231],{"class":70},[44,31752,67],{"class":66},[44,31754,449],{"class":62},[44,31756,1438],{"class":66},[44,31758,15859],{"class":70},[44,31760,67],{"class":66},[44,31762,30323],{"class":62},[44,31764,31765],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,31766,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,31768,31769,31771,31773,31775],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,31770,82],{"class":58},[44,31772,63],{"class":62},[44,31774,11958],{"class":97},[44,31776,76],{"class":62},[44,31778,31779,31781,31783,31785],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,31780,82],{"class":58},[44,31782,63],{"class":62},[44,31784,31728],{"class":97},[44,31786,76],{"class":62},[20,31788,1031],{},[35,31790,31792],{"className":37,"code":31791,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31793,31794,31826],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31795,31796,31798,31800,31802,31804,31806,31808,31810,31812,31814,31816,31818,31820,31822,31824],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31797,9100],{"class":62},[44,31799,476],{"class":66},[44,31801,652],{"class":70},[44,31803,476],{"class":66},[44,31805,449],{"class":62},[44,31807,470],{"class":66},[44,31809,12705],{"class":70},[44,31811,476],{"class":66},[44,31813,186],{"class":62},[44,31815,470],{"class":66},[44,31817,414],{"class":70},[44,31819,476],{"class":66},[44,31821,449],{"class":62},[44,31823,7620],{"class":452},[44,31825,9130],{"class":62},[44,31827,31828,31830,31832,31834,31836,31838,31840,31842,31844,31846,31848,31850,31852,31854,31856,31858,31860,31862,31864,31866,31868,31870,31872],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,31829,9100],{"class":62},[44,31831,476],{"class":66},[44,31833,652],{"class":70},[44,31835,476],{"class":66},[44,31837,449],{"class":62},[44,31839,470],{"class":66},[44,31841,12705],{"class":70},[44,31843,476],{"class":66},[44,31845,186],{"class":62},[44,31847,470],{"class":66},[44,31849,414],{"class":70},[44,31851,476],{"class":66},[44,31853,449],{"class":62},[44,31855,30304],{"class":452},[44,31857,186],{"class":62},[44,31859,470],{"class":66},[44,31861,10231],{"class":70},[44,31863,476],{"class":66},[44,31865,449],{"class":62},[44,31867,470],{"class":66},[44,31869,15859],{"class":70},[44,31871,476],{"class":66},[44,31873,9130],{"class":62},[20,31875,31876,31877,504],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[491,31878,16426],{"href":16425},[30,31880,1486],{"id":1485},[20,31882,10571,31883,449],{},[15,31884,14781],{},[126,31886,31887,31894,31898,31901,31904],{},[129,31888,12419,31889,31891,31892],{},[15,31890,14781],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,31893,3599],{},[129,31895,8279,31896,12427],{},[15,31897,14781],{},[129,31899,31900],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[129,31902,31903],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[129,31905,31906],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,31908,1512],{},[35,31910,31912],{"className":37,"code":31911,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,31913,31914,31924,31938,31952,31974],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31915,31916,31918,31920,31922],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31917,82],{"class":58},[44,31919,63],{"class":62},[44,31921,11275],{"class":97},[44,31923,76],{"class":62},[44,31925,31926,31928,31930,31932,31934,31936],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,31927,82],{"class":58},[44,31929,63],{"class":62},[44,31931,427],{"class":426},[44,31933,63],{"class":62},[44,31935,9026],{"class":97},[44,31937,434],{"class":62},[44,31939,31940,31942,31944,31946,31948,31950],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,31941,82],{"class":58},[44,31943,63],{"class":62},[44,31945,7921],{"class":426},[44,31947,63],{"class":62},[44,31949,9026],{"class":97},[44,31951,434],{"class":62},[44,31953,31954,31956,31958,31960,31962,31964,31966,31968,31970,31972],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,31955,82],{"class":58},[44,31957,63],{"class":62},[44,31959,11275],{"class":97},[44,31961,504],{"class":62},[44,31963,19580],{"class":97},[44,31965,63],{"class":62},[44,31967,476],{"class":66},[44,31969,14668],{"class":70},[44,31971,476],{"class":66},[44,31973,434],{"class":62},[44,31975,31976,31979,31981,31983,31985,31987],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,31977,31978],{"class":58},"help",[44,31980,63],{"class":62},[44,31982,8646],{"class":426},[44,31984,504],{"class":62},[44,31986,30291],{"class":24579},[44,31988,76],{"class":62},[20,31990,31991],{},"These can help you check:",[126,31993,31994,31997,32002,32005,32008],{},[129,31995,31996],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[129,31998,31999,32000],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32001,14781],{},[129,32003,32004],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[129,32006,32007],{},"Whether a key exists",[129,32009,32010],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32012,32013,32014,504],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[491,32015,11087],{"href":10898},[30,32017,1651],{"id":1650},[600,32019,1655,32021,32023],{"id":32020},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32022,14781],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32025,32026,32027,504],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32028,3599],{},[600,32030,1655,32032,32034],{"id":32031},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32033,14781],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32036,32037],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[600,32039,4997,32041,32043],{"id":32040},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32042,14781],{}," add new keys?",[20,32045,32046],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[600,32048,28159,32050,32052],{"id":32049},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32051,14781],{}," with a list?",[20,32054,32055,32056,504],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32057,10919],{},[600,32059,5007,32061,32063],{"id":32060},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32062,14781],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32065,32066,32067,32069],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32068,14781],{}," can change many keys at once.",[30,32071,1719],{"id":1718},[126,32073,32074,32078,32082,32087,32091],{},[129,32075,32076],{},[491,32077,25925],{"href":9212},[129,32079,32080],{},[491,32081,11076],{"href":10554},[129,32083,32084],{},[491,32085,32086],{"href":30913},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[129,32088,32089],{},[491,32090,21286],{"href":16425},[129,32092,32093],{},[491,32094,11087],{"href":10898},[1758,32096,32097],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":32099},[32100,32101,32103,32104,32106,32108,32109,32110,32112,32113,32125],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":30346,"depth":79,"text":32102},"What update() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":30706,"depth":79,"text":32105},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30917,"depth":79,"text":32107},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31158,"depth":79,"text":31159},{"id":17247,"depth":79,"text":17248},{"id":31640,"depth":79,"text":32111},"When to use update()",{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":32114},[32115,32117,32119,32121,32123],{"id":32020,"depth":419,"text":32116},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32031,"depth":419,"text":32118},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32040,"depth":419,"text":32120},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32049,"depth":419,"text":32122},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32060,"depth":419,"text":32124},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30224,"description":32126},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32132,"title":32133,"body":32134,"description":34122,"extension":1796,"meta":34123,"navigation":807,"path":22723,"seo":34124,"stem":34125,"__hash__":34126},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32135,"toc":34085},[32136,32141,32148,32151,32153,32252,32254,32309,32314,32319,32333,32338,32340,32355,32357,32371,32384,32389,32395,32402,32404,32511,32513,32562,32568,32643,32645,32666,32668,32671,32775,32777,32832,32834,32862,32866,32871,32950,32952,32972,32974,32985,32995,32999,33004,33108,33110,33135,33138,33149,33154,33163,33166,33183,33185,33272,33274,33337,33339,33362,33364,33369,33375,33380,33382,33421,33427,33430,33449,33460,33466,33469,33542,33544,33563,33568,33571,33594,33600,33603,33667,33670,33747,33754,33757,33816,33822,33824,33843,33847,33850,33901,33904,33924,33926,33987,33989,33994,33999,34004,34009,34014,34019,34025,34028,34037,34045,34047,34082],[10,32137,11143,32139,11147],{"id":32138},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32140,16900],{},[20,32142,32143,32144,32147],{},"The Python ",[15,32145,32146],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32149,32150],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[30,32152,33],{"id":32},[35,32154,32156],{"className":37,"code":32155,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32157,32158,32210,32224,32228,32238],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32159,32160,32162,32164,32166,32168,32170,32172,32174,32176,32178,32180,32182,32184,32186,32188,32190,32192,32194,32196,32198,32200,32202,32204,32206,32208],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32161,12688],{"class":50},[44,32163,55],{"class":54},[44,32165,10313],{"class":62},[44,32167,67],{"class":66},[44,32169,652],{"class":70},[44,32171,67],{"class":66},[44,32173,449],{"class":62},[44,32175,1438],{"class":66},[44,32177,12705],{"class":70},[44,32179,67],{"class":66},[44,32181,186],{"class":62},[44,32183,1438],{"class":66},[44,32185,414],{"class":70},[44,32187,67],{"class":66},[44,32189,449],{"class":62},[44,32191,7620],{"class":452},[44,32193,186],{"class":62},[44,32195,1438],{"class":66},[44,32197,10231],{"class":70},[44,32199,67],{"class":66},[44,32201,449],{"class":62},[44,32203,1438],{"class":66},[44,32205,15859],{"class":70},[44,32207,67],{"class":66},[44,32209,9130],{"class":62},[44,32211,32212,32214,32216,32218,32220,32222],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,32213,3644],{"class":50},[44,32215,55],{"class":54},[44,32217,12731],{"class":50},[44,32219,504],{"class":62},[44,32221,5187],{"class":97},[44,32223,345],{"class":62},[44,32225,32226],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,32227,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,32229,32230,32232,32234,32236],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,32231,82],{"class":58},[44,32233,63],{"class":62},[44,32235,5187],{"class":97},[44,32237,76],{"class":62},[44,32239,32240,32242,32244,32246,32248,32250],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,32241,82],{"class":58},[44,32243,63],{"class":62},[44,32245,7921],{"class":426},[44,32247,63],{"class":62},[44,32249,5187],{"class":97},[44,32251,434],{"class":62},[20,32253,1031],{},[35,32255,32257],{"className":37,"code":32256,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32258,32259,32285],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32260,32261,32263,32265,32267,32269,32271,32273,32275,32277,32279,32281,32283],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32262,16866],{"class":97},[44,32264,2804],{"class":62},[44,32266,476],{"class":66},[44,32268,12705],{"class":70},[44,32270,476],{"class":66},[44,32272,186],{"class":62},[44,32274,7620],{"class":452},[44,32276,186],{"class":62},[44,32278,470],{"class":66},[44,32280,15859],{"class":70},[44,32282,476],{"class":66},[44,32284,3711],{"class":62},[44,32286,32287,32289,32291,32293,32295,32297,32299,32301,32303,32305,32307],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,32288,3723],{"class":62},[44,32290,476],{"class":66},[44,32292,12705],{"class":70},[44,32294,476],{"class":66},[44,32296,186],{"class":62},[44,32298,7620],{"class":452},[44,32300,186],{"class":62},[44,32302,470],{"class":66},[44,32304,15859],{"class":70},[44,32306,476],{"class":66},[44,32308,3453],{"class":62},[20,32310,32311,32313],{},[15,32312,16900],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[30,32315,113,32317,116],{"id":32316},"what-values-does",[15,32318,16900],{},[126,32320,32321,32324,32327,32330],{},[129,32322,32323],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[129,32325,32326],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[129,32328,32329],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[129,32331,32332],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32334,32335,32336,504],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[491,32337,9213],{"href":9212},[30,32339,250],{"id":249},[35,32341,32343],{"className":37,"code":32342,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32344,32345],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32346,32347,32349,32351,32353],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32348,11275],{"class":50},[44,32350,504],{"class":62},[44,32352,5187],{"class":97},[44,32354,345],{"class":62},[20,32356,12877],{},[126,32358,32359,32363,32366],{},[129,32360,32361,11290],{},[15,32362,16900],{},[129,32364,32365],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[129,32367,32368,32369],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32370,16900],{},[20,32372,32373,32374,1126,32379,504],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[491,32375,32376,32378],{"href":16891},[15,32377,16894],{}," for dictionary keys",[491,32380,32381,32383],{"href":16904},[15,32382,16907],{}," for key-value pairs",[30,32385,113,32387,370],{"id":32386},"what-values-returns",[15,32388,16900],{},[20,32390,32391,21803,32393,24593],{},[15,32392,16900],{},[15,32394,16866],{},[20,32396,32397,32398,32401],{},"This object is a ",[3563,32399,32400],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32403,145],{},[35,32405,32407],{"className":37,"code":32406,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32408,32409,32445,32449,32464,32475,32479,32501],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32410,32411,32413,32415,32417,32419,32421,32423,32425,32427,32429,32431,32433,32435,32437,32439,32441,32443],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32412,13030],{"class":50},[44,32414,55],{"class":54},[44,32416,10313],{"class":62},[44,32418,67],{"class":66},[44,32420,652],{"class":70},[44,32422,67],{"class":66},[44,32424,449],{"class":62},[44,32426,1438],{"class":66},[44,32428,7751],{"class":70},[44,32430,67],{"class":66},[44,32432,186],{"class":62},[44,32434,1438],{"class":66},[44,32436,414],{"class":70},[44,32438,67],{"class":66},[44,32440,449],{"class":62},[44,32442,9127],{"class":452},[44,32444,9130],{"class":62},[44,32446,32447],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,32448,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,32450,32451,32454,32456,32458,32460,32462],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,32452,32453],{"class":50},"values_view ",[44,32455,55],{"class":54},[44,32457,13073],{"class":50},[44,32459,504],{"class":62},[44,32461,5187],{"class":97},[44,32463,345],{"class":62},[44,32465,32466,32468,32470,32473],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,32467,82],{"class":58},[44,32469,63],{"class":62},[44,32471,32472],{"class":97},"values_view",[44,32474,76],{"class":62},[44,32476,32477],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,32478,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,32480,32481,32483,32485,32487,32489,32491,32493,32495,32497,32499],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,32482,17136],{"class":50},[44,32484,3723],{"class":62},[44,32486,67],{"class":66},[44,32488,10231],{"class":70},[44,32490,67],{"class":66},[44,32492,13099],{"class":62},[44,32494,13102],{"class":54},[44,32496,1438],{"class":66},[44,32498,30470],{"class":70},[44,32500,3176],{"class":66},[44,32502,32503,32505,32507,32509],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,32504,82],{"class":58},[44,32506,63],{"class":62},[44,32508,32472],{"class":97},[44,32510,76],{"class":62},[20,32512,1031],{},[35,32514,32516],{"className":37,"code":32515,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32517,32518,32536],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32519,32520,32522,32524,32526,32528,32530,32532,32534],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32521,16866],{"class":97},[44,32523,2804],{"class":62},[44,32525,476],{"class":66},[44,32527,7751],{"class":70},[44,32529,476],{"class":66},[44,32531,186],{"class":62},[44,32533,9127],{"class":452},[44,32535,3711],{"class":62},[44,32537,32538,32540,32542,32544,32546,32548,32550,32552,32554,32556,32558,32560],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,32539,16866],{"class":97},[44,32541,2804],{"class":62},[44,32543,476],{"class":66},[44,32545,7751],{"class":70},[44,32547,476],{"class":66},[44,32549,186],{"class":62},[44,32551,9127],{"class":452},[44,32553,186],{"class":62},[44,32555,470],{"class":66},[44,32557,30470],{"class":70},[44,32559,476],{"class":66},[44,32561,3711],{"class":62},[20,32563,32564,32565,504],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32566,32567],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[35,32569,32571],{"className":37,"code":32570,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32572,32573,32609,32628,32632],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32574,32575,32577,32579,32581,32583,32585,32587,32589,32591,32593,32595,32597,32599,32601,32603,32605,32607],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32576,13030],{"class":50},[44,32578,55],{"class":54},[44,32580,10313],{"class":62},[44,32582,67],{"class":66},[44,32584,652],{"class":70},[44,32586,67],{"class":66},[44,32588,449],{"class":62},[44,32590,1438],{"class":66},[44,32592,7751],{"class":70},[44,32594,67],{"class":66},[44,32596,186],{"class":62},[44,32598,1438],{"class":66},[44,32600,414],{"class":70},[44,32602,67],{"class":66},[44,32604,449],{"class":62},[44,32606,9127],{"class":452},[44,32608,9130],{"class":62},[44,32610,32611,32614,32616,32618,32620,32622,32624,32626],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,32612,32613],{"class":50},"values_list ",[44,32615,55],{"class":54},[44,32617,22388],{"class":426},[44,32619,63],{"class":62},[44,32621,17136],{"class":97},[44,32623,504],{"class":62},[44,32625,5187],{"class":97},[44,32627,7025],{"class":62},[44,32629,32630],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,32631,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,32633,32634,32636,32638,32641],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,32635,82],{"class":58},[44,32637,63],{"class":62},[44,32639,32640],{"class":97},"values_list",[44,32642,76],{"class":62},[20,32644,1031],{},[35,32646,32648],{"className":37,"code":32647,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32649,32650],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32651,32652,32654,32656,32658,32660,32662,32664],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32653,3723],{"class":62},[44,32655,476],{"class":66},[44,32657,7751],{"class":70},[44,32659,476],{"class":66},[44,32661,186],{"class":62},[44,32663,9127],{"class":452},[44,32665,3453],{"class":62},[30,32667,11300],{"id":11299},[20,32669,32670],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[35,32672,32674],{"className":37,"code":32673,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32675,32676,32729,32733,32747,32751,32761],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32677,32678,32680,32682,32684,32686,32688,32690,32692,32694,32696,32698,32700,32702,32704,32706,32708,32711,32713,32715,32717,32719,32721,32723,32725,32727],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32679,24625],{"class":50},[44,32681,55],{"class":54},[44,32683,10313],{"class":62},[44,32685,67],{"class":66},[44,32687,24634],{"class":70},[44,32689,67],{"class":66},[44,32691,449],{"class":62},[44,32693,1438],{"class":66},[44,32695,24643],{"class":70},[44,32697,67],{"class":66},[44,32699,186],{"class":62},[44,32701,1438],{"class":66},[44,32703,24652],{"class":70},[44,32705,67],{"class":66},[44,32707,449],{"class":62},[44,32709,32710],{"class":452}," 2022",[44,32712,186],{"class":62},[44,32714,1438],{"class":66},[44,32716,241],{"class":70},[44,32718,67],{"class":66},[44,32720,449],{"class":62},[44,32722,1438],{"class":66},[44,32724,12935],{"class":70},[44,32726,67],{"class":66},[44,32728,9130],{"class":62},[44,32730,32731],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,32732,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,32734,32735,32737,32739,32741,32743,32745],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,32736,2059],{"class":50},[44,32738,55],{"class":54},[44,32740,24674],{"class":50},[44,32742,504],{"class":62},[44,32744,5187],{"class":97},[44,32746,345],{"class":62},[44,32748,32749],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,32750,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,32752,32753,32755,32757,32759],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,32754,82],{"class":58},[44,32756,63],{"class":62},[44,32758,2094],{"class":97},[44,32760,76],{"class":62},[44,32762,32763,32765,32767,32769,32771,32773],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,32764,82],{"class":58},[44,32766,63],{"class":62},[44,32768,7921],{"class":426},[44,32770,63],{"class":62},[44,32772,2094],{"class":97},[44,32774,434],{"class":62},[20,32776,1031],{},[35,32778,32780],{"className":37,"code":32779,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32781,32782,32808],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32783,32784,32786,32788,32790,32792,32794,32796,32798,32800,32802,32804,32806],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32785,16866],{"class":97},[44,32787,2804],{"class":62},[44,32789,476],{"class":66},[44,32791,24643],{"class":70},[44,32793,476],{"class":66},[44,32795,186],{"class":62},[44,32797,32710],{"class":452},[44,32799,186],{"class":62},[44,32801,470],{"class":66},[44,32803,12935],{"class":70},[44,32805,476],{"class":66},[44,32807,3711],{"class":62},[44,32809,32810,32812,32814,32816,32818,32820,32822,32824,32826,32828,32830],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,32811,3723],{"class":62},[44,32813,476],{"class":66},[44,32815,24643],{"class":70},[44,32817,476],{"class":66},[44,32819,186],{"class":62},[44,32821,32710],{"class":452},[44,32823,186],{"class":62},[44,32825,470],{"class":66},[44,32827,12935],{"class":70},[44,32829,476],{"class":66},[44,32831,3453],{"class":62},[20,32833,11509],{},[126,32835,32836,32842,32848,32856],{},[129,32837,32838,32841],{},[15,32839,32840],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[129,32843,32844,32847],{},[15,32845,32846],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[129,32849,32850,32853,32854,24446],{},[15,32851,32852],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,32855,16866],{},[129,32857,32858,32861],{},[15,32859,32860],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[30,32863,32865],{"id":32864},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,32867,32868,32869,25894],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,32870,5787],{},[35,32872,32874],{"className":37,"code":32873,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,32875,32876,32920,32924,32940],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32877,32878,32880,32882,32884,32886,32888,32890,32892,32894,32896,32898,32900,32902,32904,32906,32908,32910,32912,32914,32916,32918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32879,4891],{"class":50},[44,32881,55],{"class":54},[44,32883,10313],{"class":62},[44,32885,67],{"class":66},[44,32887,18247],{"class":70},[44,32889,67],{"class":66},[44,32891,449],{"class":62},[44,32893,19728],{"class":452},[44,32895,186],{"class":62},[44,32897,1438],{"class":66},[44,32899,30980],{"class":70},[44,32901,67],{"class":66},[44,32903,449],{"class":62},[44,32905,13333],{"class":452},[44,32907,186],{"class":62},[44,32909,1438],{"class":66},[44,32911,18256],{"class":70},[44,32913,67],{"class":66},[44,32915,449],{"class":62},[44,32917,28751],{"class":452},[44,32919,9130],{"class":62},[44,32921,32922],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,32923,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,32925,32926,32928,32930,32932,32934,32936,32938],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,32927,5787],{"class":1384},[44,32929,21413],{"class":50},[44,32931,3705],{"class":1384},[44,32933,4938],{"class":50},[44,32935,504],{"class":62},[44,32937,5187],{"class":97},[44,32939,21424],{"class":62},[44,32941,32942,32944,32946,32948],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,32943,1416],{"class":58},[44,32945,63],{"class":62},[44,32947,354],{"class":97},[44,32949,76],{"class":62},[20,32951,1031],{},[35,32953,32955],{"className":37,"code":32954,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,32956,32957,32962,32967],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32958,32959],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32960,32961],{"class":452},"90\n",[44,32963,32964],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,32965,32966],{"class":452},"85\n",[44,32968,32969],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,32970,32971],{"class":452},"88\n",[20,32973,17540],{},[126,32975,32976,32979,32982],{},[129,32977,32978],{},"You only need the values",[129,32980,32981],{},"You do not care about the keys",[129,32983,32984],{},"You want simpler code",[20,32986,32987,32988,497,32992,504],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[491,32989,10560,32990,10564],{"href":16904},[15,32991,16907],{},[491,32993,22303],{"href":32994},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[30,32996,32998],{"id":32997},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33000,103,33001,33003],{},[15,33002,32567],{}," when you need a list.",[35,33005,33007],{"className":37,"code":33006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33008,33009,33055,33059,33079,33083,33094],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33010,33011,33014,33016,33018,33020,33022,33024,33026,33028,33030,33032,33034,33036,33038,33040,33042,33044,33047,33049,33051,33053],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33012,33013],{"class":50},"fruit_prices ",[44,33015,55],{"class":54},[44,33017,10313],{"class":62},[44,33019,67],{"class":66},[44,33021,3903],{"class":70},[44,33023,67],{"class":66},[44,33025,449],{"class":62},[44,33027,2812],{"class":452},[44,33029,186],{"class":62},[44,33031,1438],{"class":66},[44,33033,3912],{"class":70},[44,33035,67],{"class":66},[44,33037,449],{"class":62},[44,33039,711],{"class":452},[44,33041,186],{"class":62},[44,33043,1438],{"class":66},[44,33045,33046],{"class":70},"orange",[44,33048,67],{"class":66},[44,33050,449],{"class":62},[44,33052,2282],{"class":452},[44,33054,9130],{"class":62},[44,33056,33057],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,33058,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,33060,33061,33064,33066,33068,33070,33073,33075,33077],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,33062,33063],{"class":50},"price_list ",[44,33065,55],{"class":54},[44,33067,22388],{"class":426},[44,33069,63],{"class":62},[44,33071,33072],{"class":97},"fruit_prices",[44,33074,504],{"class":62},[44,33076,5187],{"class":97},[44,33078,7025],{"class":62},[44,33080,33081],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,33082,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,33084,33085,33087,33089,33092],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,33086,82],{"class":58},[44,33088,63],{"class":62},[44,33090,33091],{"class":97},"price_list",[44,33093,76],{"class":62},[44,33095,33096,33098,33100,33102,33104,33106],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,33097,82],{"class":58},[44,33099,63],{"class":62},[44,33101,33091],{"class":97},[44,33103,3723],{"class":62},[44,33105,1951],{"class":452},[44,33107,3711],{"class":62},[20,33109,1031],{},[35,33111,33113],{"className":37,"code":33112,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33114,33115,33131],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33116,33117,33119,33121,33123,33125,33127,33129],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33118,3723],{"class":62},[44,33120,1889],{"class":452},[44,33122,186],{"class":62},[44,33124,711],{"class":452},[44,33126,186],{"class":62},[44,33128,2282],{"class":452},[44,33130,3453],{"class":62},[44,33132,33133],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,33134,16885],{"class":452},[20,33136,33137],{},"This is helpful for:",[126,33139,33140,33143,33146],{},[129,33141,33142],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[129,33144,33145],{},"Accessing values by index",[129,33147,33148],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33150,3748,33151,33153],{},[15,33152,16866],{}," is not the same as a list.",[30,33155,33157,10408,33159,10408,33161],{"id":33156},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33158,16900],{},[15,33160,16894],{},[15,33162,16907],{},[20,33164,33165],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[126,33167,33168,33173,33178],{},[129,33169,33170,33172],{},[15,33171,16900],{}," returns only the values",[129,33174,33175,33177],{},[15,33176,16894],{}," returns only the keys",[129,33179,33180,33182],{},[15,33181,16907],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33184,1957],{},[35,33186,33188],{"className":37,"code":33187,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33189,33190,33226,33230,33244,33258],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33191,33192,33194,33196,33198,33200,33202,33204,33206,33208,33210,33212,33214,33216,33218,33220,33222,33224],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33193,12688],{"class":50},[44,33195,55],{"class":54},[44,33197,10313],{"class":62},[44,33199,67],{"class":66},[44,33201,652],{"class":70},[44,33203,67],{"class":66},[44,33205,449],{"class":62},[44,33207,1438],{"class":66},[44,33209,12705],{"class":70},[44,33211,67],{"class":66},[44,33213,186],{"class":62},[44,33215,1438],{"class":66},[44,33217,414],{"class":70},[44,33219,67],{"class":66},[44,33221,449],{"class":62},[44,33223,7620],{"class":452},[44,33225,9130],{"class":62},[44,33227,33228],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,33229,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,33231,33232,33234,33236,33238,33240,33242],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,33233,82],{"class":58},[44,33235,63],{"class":62},[44,33237,13452],{"class":97},[44,33239,504],{"class":62},[44,33241,16752],{"class":97},[44,33243,7025],{"class":62},[44,33245,33246,33248,33250,33252,33254,33256],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,33247,82],{"class":58},[44,33249,63],{"class":62},[44,33251,13452],{"class":97},[44,33253,504],{"class":62},[44,33255,5187],{"class":97},[44,33257,7025],{"class":62},[44,33259,33260,33262,33264,33266,33268,33270],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,33261,82],{"class":58},[44,33263,63],{"class":62},[44,33265,13452],{"class":97},[44,33267,504],{"class":62},[44,33269,7640],{"class":97},[44,33271,7025],{"class":62},[20,33273,1031],{},[35,33275,33277],{"className":37,"code":33276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33278,33279,33301,33319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33280,33281,33283,33285,33287,33289,33291,33293,33295,33297,33299],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33282,16843],{"class":97},[44,33284,2804],{"class":62},[44,33286,476],{"class":66},[44,33288,652],{"class":70},[44,33290,476],{"class":66},[44,33292,186],{"class":62},[44,33294,470],{"class":66},[44,33296,414],{"class":70},[44,33298,476],{"class":66},[44,33300,3711],{"class":62},[44,33302,33303,33305,33307,33309,33311,33313,33315,33317],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,33304,16866],{"class":97},[44,33306,2804],{"class":62},[44,33308,476],{"class":66},[44,33310,12705],{"class":70},[44,33312,476],{"class":66},[44,33314,186],{"class":62},[44,33316,7620],{"class":452},[44,33318,3711],{"class":62},[44,33320,33321,33323,33325,33327,33329,33331,33333,33335],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,33322,21736],{"class":97},[44,33324,9479],{"class":62},[44,33326,476],{"class":66},[44,33328,652],{"class":70},[44,33330,476],{"class":66},[44,33332,186],{"class":62},[44,33334,7620],{"class":452},[44,33336,10502],{"class":62},[20,33338,18525],{},[126,33340,33341,33348,33355],{},[129,33342,33343,33347],{},[491,33344,33345],{"href":16891},[15,33346,16894],{}," when you need just the keys",[129,33349,33350,33354],{},[491,33351,33352],{"href":16897},[15,33353,16900],{}," when you need just the values",[129,33356,33357,33361],{},[491,33358,33359],{"href":16904},[15,33360,16907],{}," when you need both",[30,33363,4344],{"id":4343},[20,33365,33366,33367,504],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33368,16900],{},[600,33370,29480,33372,33374],{"id":33371},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33373,16900],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33376,33377,33379],{},[15,33378,16900],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33381,16472],{},[35,33383,33385],{"className":37,"code":33384,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33386,33387,33407],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33388,33389,33391,33393,33395,33397,33399,33401,33403,33405],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33390,8133],{"class":50},[44,33392,55],{"class":54},[44,33394,3440],{"class":62},[44,33396,2807],{"class":452},[44,33398,186],{"class":62},[44,33400,2812],{"class":452},[44,33402,186],{"class":62},[44,33404,2282],{"class":452},[44,33406,3453],{"class":62},[44,33408,33409,33411,33413,33415,33417,33419],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,33410,82],{"class":58},[44,33412,63],{"class":62},[44,33414,8164],{"class":97},[44,33416,504],{"class":62},[44,33418,5187],{"class":97},[44,33420,7025],{"class":62},[20,33422,33423,33424,33426],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33425,16900],{}," method.",[20,33428,33429],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[35,33431,33433],{"className":37,"code":33432,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33434,33435],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33436,33437,33439,33441,33443,33445,33447],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33438,82],{"class":58},[44,33440,63],{"class":62},[44,33442,427],{"class":426},[44,33444,63],{"class":62},[44,33446,8164],{"class":97},[44,33448,434],{"class":62},[20,33450,33451,33452,33454,33455,504],{},"If you get an ",[15,33453,25501],{},", see ",[491,33456,25509,33457,33459],{"href":25508},[15,33458,25512],{}," errors",[600,33461,4405,33463,33465],{"id":33462},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33464,16900],{}," returns a list",[20,33467,33468],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[35,33470,33472],{"className":37,"code":33471,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33473,33474,33510,33524,33528],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33475,33476,33478,33480,33482,33484,33486,33488,33490,33492,33494,33496,33498,33500,33502,33504,33506,33508],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33477,12688],{"class":50},[44,33479,55],{"class":54},[44,33481,10313],{"class":62},[44,33483,67],{"class":66},[44,33485,652],{"class":70},[44,33487,67],{"class":66},[44,33489,449],{"class":62},[44,33491,1438],{"class":66},[44,33493,12705],{"class":70},[44,33495,67],{"class":66},[44,33497,186],{"class":62},[44,33499,1438],{"class":66},[44,33501,414],{"class":70},[44,33503,67],{"class":66},[44,33505,449],{"class":62},[44,33507,7620],{"class":452},[44,33509,9130],{"class":62},[44,33511,33512,33514,33516,33518,33520,33522],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,33513,3644],{"class":50},[44,33515,55],{"class":54},[44,33517,12731],{"class":50},[44,33519,504],{"class":62},[44,33521,5187],{"class":97},[44,33523,345],{"class":62},[44,33525,33526],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,33527,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,33529,33530,33532,33534,33536,33538,33540],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,33531,82],{"class":58},[44,33533,63],{"class":62},[44,33535,427],{"class":426},[44,33537,63],{"class":62},[44,33539,5187],{"class":97},[44,33541,434],{"class":62},[20,33543,1031],{},[35,33545,33547],{"className":37,"code":33546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33548,33549],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33550,33551,33553,33555,33557,33559,33561],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33552,463],{"class":54},[44,33554,467],{"class":466},[44,33556,470],{"class":66},[44,33558,16866],{"class":70},[44,33560,476],{"class":66},[44,33562,479],{"class":54},[20,33564,4976,33565,33567],{},[15,33566,16866],{},", not a list.",[20,33569,33570],{},"If you need a list:",[35,33572,33574],{"className":37,"code":33573,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33575,33576],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33577,33578,33580,33582,33584,33586,33588,33590,33592],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33579,3644],{"class":50},[44,33581,55],{"class":54},[44,33583,22388],{"class":426},[44,33585,63],{"class":62},[44,33587,13452],{"class":97},[44,33589,504],{"class":62},[44,33591,5187],{"class":97},[44,33593,7025],{"class":62},[600,33595,33597,33598],{"id":33596},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33599,16866],{},[20,33601,33602],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[35,33604,33606],{"className":37,"code":33605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33607,33608,33644,33658,33662],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33609,33610,33612,33614,33616,33618,33620,33622,33624,33626,33628,33630,33632,33634,33636,33638,33640,33642],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33611,12688],{"class":50},[44,33613,55],{"class":54},[44,33615,10313],{"class":62},[44,33617,67],{"class":66},[44,33619,652],{"class":70},[44,33621,67],{"class":66},[44,33623,449],{"class":62},[44,33625,1438],{"class":66},[44,33627,12705],{"class":70},[44,33629,67],{"class":66},[44,33631,186],{"class":62},[44,33633,1438],{"class":66},[44,33635,414],{"class":70},[44,33637,67],{"class":66},[44,33639,449],{"class":62},[44,33641,7620],{"class":452},[44,33643,9130],{"class":62},[44,33645,33646,33648,33650,33652,33654,33656],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,33647,3644],{"class":50},[44,33649,55],{"class":54},[44,33651,12731],{"class":50},[44,33653,504],{"class":62},[44,33655,5187],{"class":97},[44,33657,345],{"class":62},[44,33659,33660],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,33661,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,33663,33664],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,33665,33666],{"class":3483},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33668,33669],{},"Convert to a list first:",[35,33671,33673],{"className":37,"code":33672,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33674,33675,33711,33729,33733],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33676,33677,33679,33681,33683,33685,33687,33689,33691,33693,33695,33697,33699,33701,33703,33705,33707,33709],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33678,12688],{"class":50},[44,33680,55],{"class":54},[44,33682,10313],{"class":62},[44,33684,67],{"class":66},[44,33686,652],{"class":70},[44,33688,67],{"class":66},[44,33690,449],{"class":62},[44,33692,1438],{"class":66},[44,33694,12705],{"class":70},[44,33696,67],{"class":66},[44,33698,186],{"class":62},[44,33700,1438],{"class":66},[44,33702,414],{"class":70},[44,33704,67],{"class":66},[44,33706,449],{"class":62},[44,33708,7620],{"class":452},[44,33710,9130],{"class":62},[44,33712,33713,33715,33717,33719,33721,33723,33725,33727],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,33714,3644],{"class":50},[44,33716,55],{"class":54},[44,33718,22388],{"class":426},[44,33720,63],{"class":62},[44,33722,13452],{"class":97},[44,33724,504],{"class":62},[44,33726,5187],{"class":97},[44,33728,7025],{"class":62},[44,33730,33731],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,33732,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,33734,33735,33737,33739,33741,33743,33745],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,33736,82],{"class":58},[44,33738,63],{"class":62},[44,33740,5187],{"class":97},[44,33742,3723],{"class":62},[44,33744,1951],{"class":452},[44,33746,3711],{"class":62},[600,33748,8243,33750,10916,33752],{"id":33749},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33751,5187],{},[15,33753,16900],{},[20,33755,33756],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[35,33758,33760],{"className":37,"code":33759,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33761,33762,33798,33802],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33763,33764,33766,33768,33770,33772,33774,33776,33778,33780,33782,33784,33786,33788,33790,33792,33794,33796],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33765,12688],{"class":50},[44,33767,55],{"class":54},[44,33769,10313],{"class":62},[44,33771,67],{"class":66},[44,33773,652],{"class":70},[44,33775,67],{"class":66},[44,33777,449],{"class":62},[44,33779,1438],{"class":66},[44,33781,12705],{"class":70},[44,33783,67],{"class":66},[44,33785,186],{"class":62},[44,33787,1438],{"class":66},[44,33789,414],{"class":70},[44,33791,67],{"class":66},[44,33793,449],{"class":62},[44,33795,7620],{"class":452},[44,33797,9130],{"class":62},[44,33799,33800],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,33801,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,33803,33804,33806,33808,33810,33812,33814],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,33805,82],{"class":58},[44,33807,63],{"class":62},[44,33809,13452],{"class":97},[44,33811,504],{"class":62},[44,33813,5187],{"class":24579},[44,33815,76],{"class":62},[20,33817,33818,33821],{},[15,33819,33820],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,33823,18525],{},[35,33825,33827],{"className":37,"code":33826,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(student.values())\n",[15,33828,33829],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33830,33831,33833,33835,33837,33839,33841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33832,82],{"class":58},[44,33834,63],{"class":62},[44,33836,13452],{"class":97},[44,33838,504],{"class":62},[44,33840,5187],{"class":97},[44,33842,7025],{"class":62},[600,33844,33846],{"id":33845},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,33848,33849],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[35,33851,33853],{"className":37,"code":33852,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,33854,33855,33887],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33856,33857,33859,33861,33863,33865,33867,33869,33871,33873,33875,33877,33879,33881,33883,33885],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33858,8988],{"class":50},[44,33860,55],{"class":54},[44,33862,10313],{"class":62},[44,33864,67],{"class":66},[44,33866,491],{"class":70},[44,33868,67],{"class":66},[44,33870,449],{"class":62},[44,33872,711],{"class":452},[44,33874,186],{"class":62},[44,33876,1438],{"class":66},[44,33878,4587],{"class":70},[44,33880,67],{"class":66},[44,33882,449],{"class":62},[44,33884,2812],{"class":452},[44,33886,9130],{"class":62},[44,33888,33889,33891,33893,33895,33897,33899],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,33890,82],{"class":58},[44,33892,63],{"class":62},[44,33894,9026],{"class":97},[44,33896,504],{"class":62},[44,33898,5187],{"class":97},[44,33900,7025],{"class":62},[20,33902,33903],{},"Not like this:",[35,33905,33907],{"className":37,"code":33906,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,33908,33909,33914,33919],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33910,33911],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33912,33913],{"class":3483},"# Wrong examples:\n",[44,33915,33916],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,33917,33918],{"class":3483},"# data().values()\n",[44,33920,33921],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,33922,33923],{"class":3483},"# values(data)\n",[20,33925,3157],{},[35,33927,33929],{"className":37,"code":33928,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,33930,33931,33945,33955,33969],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33932,33933,33935,33937,33939,33941,33943],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33934,82],{"class":58},[44,33936,63],{"class":62},[44,33938,427],{"class":426},[44,33940,63],{"class":62},[44,33942,11275],{"class":97},[44,33944,434],{"class":62},[44,33946,33947,33949,33951,33953],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,33948,82],{"class":58},[44,33950,63],{"class":62},[44,33952,11275],{"class":97},[44,33954,76],{"class":62},[44,33956,33957,33959,33961,33963,33965,33967],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,33958,82],{"class":58},[44,33960,63],{"class":62},[44,33962,11275],{"class":97},[44,33964,504],{"class":62},[44,33966,5187],{"class":97},[44,33968,7025],{"class":62},[44,33970,33971,33973,33975,33977,33979,33981,33983,33985],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,33972,82],{"class":58},[44,33974,63],{"class":62},[44,33976,7921],{"class":426},[44,33978,63],{"class":62},[44,33980,11275],{"class":97},[44,33982,504],{"class":62},[44,33984,5187],{"class":97},[44,33986,6119],{"class":62},[30,33988,1651],{"id":1650},[600,33990,4970,33992,4973],{"id":33991},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,33993,32146],{},[20,33995,17251,33996,33998],{},[15,33997,16866],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[600,34000,1655,34002,23760],{"id":34001},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34003,16900],{},[20,34005,23763,34006,23767],{},[15,34007,34008],{},"list(...)",[600,34010,25886,34012,213],{"id":34011},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34013,32146],{},[20,34015,34016,34017,25894],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34018,5787],{},[600,34020,1655,34022,34024],{"id":34021},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34023,32146],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34026,34027],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[600,34029,34031,34032,34034,34035,213],{"id":34030},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34033,16900],{}," different from ",[15,34036,16907],{},[20,34038,34039,34041,34042,34044],{},[15,34040,16900],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34043,16907],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[30,34046,1719],{"id":1718},[126,34048,34049,34055,34061,34065,34071,34075],{},[129,34050,34051],{},[491,34052,10560,34053,10564],{"href":16891},[15,34054,16894],{},[129,34056,34057],{},[491,34058,10560,34059,10564],{"href":16904},[15,34060,16907],{},[129,34062,34063],{},[491,34064,11067],{"href":9212},[129,34066,34067],{},[491,34068,34070],{"href":34069},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[129,34072,34073],{},[491,34074,23845],{"href":32994},[129,34076,34077],{},[491,34078,30174,34079],{"href":25508},[15,34080,34081],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1758,34083,34084],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":34086},[34087,34088,34090,34091,34093,34094,34095,34096,34098,34109,34121],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":32316,"depth":79,"text":34089},"What values() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":32386,"depth":79,"text":34092},"What values() returns",{"id":11299,"depth":79,"text":11300},{"id":32864,"depth":79,"text":32865},{"id":32997,"depth":79,"text":32998},{"id":33156,"depth":79,"text":34097},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4343,"depth":79,"text":4344,"children":34099},[34100,34102,34104,34106,34108],{"id":33371,"depth":419,"text":34101},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33462,"depth":419,"text":34103},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33596,"depth":419,"text":34105},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33749,"depth":419,"text":34107},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33845,"depth":419,"text":33846},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":34110},[34111,34113,34115,34117,34119],{"id":33991,"depth":419,"text":34112},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34001,"depth":419,"text":34114},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34011,"depth":419,"text":34116},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34021,"depth":419,"text":34118},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34030,"depth":419,"text":34120},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32133,"description":34122},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34128,"title":34129,"body":34130,"description":35560,"extension":1796,"meta":35561,"navigation":807,"path":35562,"seo":35563,"stem":35564,"__hash__":35565},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34131,"toc":35512},[34132,34138,34143,34146,34162,34171,34173,34205,34211,34214,34309,34312,34317,34322,34325,34336,34338,34352,34358,34360,34365,34371,34374,34413,34421,34426,34429,34474,34477,34489,34495,34501,34505,34538,34541,34559,34562,34566,34605,34607,34627,34630,34642,34647,34653,34656,34710,34713,34724,34727,34738,34741,34745,34751,34753,34783,34786,34801,34804,34807,34826,34829,34845,34854,34856,34887,34893,34898,34901,34908,34939,34942,34964,34967,34970,34984,34988,35019,35034,35041,35048,35052,35060,35064,35072,35075,35124,35135,35137,35140,35146,35151,35161,35165,35168,35171,35175,35178,35180,35201,35205,35211,35222,35228,35230,35236,35260,35263,35326,35329,35357,35360,35422,35424,35429,35432,35439,35447,35454,35457,35465,35471,35473,35500,35509],[10,34133,13,34135,18],{"id":34134},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34136,34137],{},"dir()",[20,34139,32143,34140,34142],{},[15,34141,34137],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34144,34145],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[126,34147,34148,34151,34154,34159],{},[129,34149,34150],{},"learning Python",[129,34152,34153],{},"exploring a new object",[129,34155,34156,34157],{},"debugging an ",[15,34158,25501],{},[129,34160,34161],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34163,34164,34165,34167,34168],{},"In short, ",[15,34166,34137],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[3563,34169,34170],{},"“What can I use here?”",[30,34172,33],{"id":32},[35,34174,34176],{"className":37,"code":34175,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34177,34178,34190],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34179,34180,34182,34184,34186,34188],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34181,51],{"class":50},[44,34183,55],{"class":54},[44,34185,1438],{"class":66},[44,34187,3667],{"class":70},[44,34189,3176],{"class":66},[44,34191,34192,34194,34196,34199,34201,34203],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,34193,82],{"class":58},[44,34195,63],{"class":62},[44,34197,34198],{"class":58},"dir",[44,34200,63],{"class":62},[44,34202,652],{"class":97},[44,34204,434],{"class":62},[20,34206,103,34207,34210],{},[15,34208,34209],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34212,34213],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[35,34215,34217],{"className":37,"code":34216,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34218,34219],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34220,34221,34223,34225,34228,34230,34232,34234,34237,34239,34241,34243,34246,34248,34250,34252,34255,34257,34259,34261,34264,34266,34268,34270,34273,34275,34277,34281,34283,34285,34287,34289,34291,34293,34296,34298,34300,34302,34305,34307],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34222,3723],{"class":62},[44,34224,476],{"class":66},[44,34226,34227],{"class":70},"__add__",[44,34229,476],{"class":66},[44,34231,186],{"class":62},[44,34233,470],{"class":66},[44,34235,34236],{"class":70},"__class__",[44,34238,476],{"class":66},[44,34240,186],{"class":62},[44,34242,470],{"class":66},[44,34244,34245],{"class":70},"__contains__",[44,34247,476],{"class":66},[44,34249,186],{"class":62},[44,34251,470],{"class":66},[44,34253,34254],{"class":70},"__delattr__",[44,34256,476],{"class":66},[44,34258,186],{"class":62},[44,34260,470],{"class":66},[44,34262,34263],{"class":70},"__dir__",[44,34265,476],{"class":66},[44,34267,186],{"class":62},[44,34269,470],{"class":66},[44,34271,34272],{"class":70},"__doc__",[44,34274,476],{"class":66},[44,34276,186],{"class":62},[44,34278,34280],{"class":34279},"s_hVV"," ...",[44,34282,186],{"class":62},[44,34284,470],{"class":66},[44,34286,8465],{"class":70},[44,34288,476],{"class":66},[44,34290,186],{"class":62},[44,34292,470],{"class":66},[44,34294,34295],{"class":70},"split",[44,34297,476],{"class":66},[44,34299,186],{"class":62},[44,34301,470],{"class":66},[44,34303,34304],{"class":70},"upper",[44,34306,476],{"class":66},[44,34308,3453],{"class":62},[20,34310,34311],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[30,34313,113,34315,116],{"id":34314},"what-dir-does",[15,34316,34137],{},[20,34318,34319,34321],{},[15,34320,34137],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34323,34324],{},"It usually includes:",[126,34326,34327,34330,34333],{},[129,34328,34329],{},"attributes",[129,34331,34332],{},"methods",[129,34334,34335],{},"special Python names",[20,34337,273],{},[126,34339,34340,34346,34349],{},[129,34341,34342,34343],{},"The result is a ",[3563,34344,34345],{},"list of strings",[129,34347,34348],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[129,34350,34351],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34353,34354,34355,34357],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34356,34137],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[30,34359,250],{"id":249},[20,34361,34362,34364],{},[15,34363,34137],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[600,34366,34368,34370],{"id":34367},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34369,34137],{}," with no argument",[20,34372,34373],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[35,34375,34377],{"className":37,"code":34376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34378,34379,34387,34399,34403],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34380,34381,34383,34385],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34382,2845],{"class":50},[44,34384,55],{"class":54},[44,34386,2412],{"class":452},[44,34388,34389,34391,34393,34395,34397],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,34390,51],{"class":50},[44,34392,55],{"class":54},[44,34394,1438],{"class":66},[44,34396,7507],{"class":70},[44,34398,3176],{"class":66},[44,34400,34401],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,34402,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,34404,34405,34407,34409,34411],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,34406,82],{"class":58},[44,34408,63],{"class":62},[44,34410,34198],{"class":58},[44,34412,7025],{"class":62},[20,34414,34415,34416,1126,34418,34420],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34417,2003],{},[15,34419,652],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[600,34422,34424],{"id":34423},"dirobject",[15,34425,34209],{},[20,34427,34428],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[35,34430,34432],{"className":37,"code":34431,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34433,34434,34452],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34435,34436,34438,34440,34442,34444,34446,34448,34450],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34437,82],{"class":58},[44,34439,63],{"class":62},[44,34441,34198],{"class":58},[44,34443,63],{"class":62},[44,34445,67],{"class":66},[44,34447,3667],{"class":70},[44,34449,67],{"class":66},[44,34451,434],{"class":62},[44,34453,34454,34456,34458,34460,34462,34464,34466,34468,34470,34472],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,34455,82],{"class":58},[44,34457,63],{"class":62},[44,34459,34198],{"class":58},[44,34461,2804],{"class":62},[44,34463,2807],{"class":452},[44,34465,186],{"class":62},[44,34467,2812],{"class":452},[44,34469,186],{"class":62},[44,34471,2282],{"class":452},[44,34473,2819],{"class":62},[20,34475,34476],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[126,34478,34479,34481,34483,34486],{},[129,34480,5137],{},[129,34482,5128],{},[129,34484,34485],{},"modules",[129,34487,34488],{},"custom objects",[30,34490,8243,34492,34494],{"id":34491},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34493,34137],{}," with a value",[20,34496,34497,34498,34500],{},"A common use of ",[15,34499,34137],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[600,34502,34504],{"id":34503},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[35,34506,34508],{"className":37,"code":34507,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34509,34510,34523],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34511,34512,34515,34517,34519,34521],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34513,34514],{"class":50},"text ",[44,34516,55],{"class":54},[44,34518,1438],{"class":66},[44,34520,3667],{"class":70},[44,34522,3176],{"class":66},[44,34524,34525,34527,34529,34531,34533,34536],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,34526,82],{"class":58},[44,34528,63],{"class":62},[44,34530,34198],{"class":58},[44,34532,63],{"class":62},[44,34534,34535],{"class":97},"text",[44,34537,434],{"class":62},[20,34539,34540],{},"You will see method names like:",[126,34542,34543,34547,34551,34555],{},[129,34544,34545],{},[15,34546,8465],{},[129,34548,34549],{},[15,34550,34304],{},[129,34552,34553],{},[15,34554,34295],{},[129,34556,34557],{},[15,34558,1273],{},[20,34560,34561],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[600,34563,34565],{"id":34564},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[35,34567,34569],{"className":37,"code":34568,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34570,34571,34591],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34572,34573,34575,34577,34579,34581,34583,34585,34587,34589],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34574,3435],{"class":50},[44,34576,55],{"class":54},[44,34578,3440],{"class":62},[44,34580,2807],{"class":452},[44,34582,186],{"class":62},[44,34584,2812],{"class":452},[44,34586,186],{"class":62},[44,34588,2282],{"class":452},[44,34590,3453],{"class":62},[44,34592,34593,34595,34597,34599,34601,34603],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,34594,82],{"class":58},[44,34596,63],{"class":62},[44,34598,34198],{"class":58},[44,34600,63],{"class":62},[44,34602,3467],{"class":97},[44,34604,434],{"class":62},[20,34606,34540],{},[126,34608,34609,34613,34617,34622],{},[129,34610,34611],{},[15,34612,13379],{},[129,34614,34615],{},[15,34616,26071],{},[129,34618,34619],{},[15,34620,34621],{},"remove",[129,34623,34624],{},[15,34625,34626],{},"sort",[20,34628,34629],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34631,34632,34633,34638,34639,34641],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[491,34634,34636],{"href":34635},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34637,2132],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34640,34137],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[30,34643,8243,34645,34370],{"id":34644},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34646,34137],{},[20,34648,34649,34650,34652],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34651,34137],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34654,34655],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[35,34657,34659],{"className":37,"code":34658,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34660,34661,34669,34673,34684,34696,34700],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34662,34663,34665,34667],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34664,2845],{"class":50},[44,34666,55],{"class":54},[44,34668,866],{"class":452},[44,34670,34671],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,34672,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,34674,34675,34678,34682],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,34676,34677],{"class":466},"def",[44,34679,34681],{"class":34680},"sGLFI"," greet",[44,34683,21424],{"class":62},[44,34685,34686,34689,34691,34694],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,34687,34688],{"class":1384},"    return",[44,34690,1438],{"class":66},[44,34692,34693],{"class":70},"Hello",[44,34695,3176],{"class":66},[44,34697,34698],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,34699,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,34701,34702,34704,34706,34708],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,34703,82],{"class":58},[44,34705,63],{"class":62},[44,34707,34198],{"class":58},[44,34709,7025],{"class":62},[20,34711,34712],{},"The output will include names like:",[126,34714,34715,34719],{},[129,34716,34717],{},[15,34718,2003],{},[129,34720,34721],{},[15,34722,34723],{},"greet",[20,34725,34726],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[126,34728,34729,34732,34735],{},[129,34730,34731],{},"what variables exist",[129,34733,34734],{},"what functions you have defined",[129,34736,34737],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34739,34740],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[30,34742,34744],{"id":34743},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34746,34747,34748,34750],{},"When you first use ",[15,34749,34137],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34752,145],{},[35,34754,34755],{"className":37,"code":34507,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,34756,34757,34769],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34758,34759,34761,34763,34765,34767],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34760,34514],{"class":50},[44,34762,55],{"class":54},[44,34764,1438],{"class":66},[44,34766,3667],{"class":70},[44,34768,3176],{"class":66},[44,34770,34771,34773,34775,34777,34779,34781],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,34772,82],{"class":58},[44,34774,63],{"class":62},[44,34776,34198],{"class":58},[44,34778,63],{"class":62},[44,34780,34535],{"class":97},[44,34782,434],{"class":62},[20,34784,34785],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[126,34787,34788,34792,34796],{},[129,34789,34790],{},[15,34791,34236],{},[129,34793,34794],{},[15,34795,34272],{},[129,34797,34798],{},[15,34799,34800],{},"__len__",[20,34802,34803],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,34805,34806],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[126,34808,34809,34813,34817,34821],{},[129,34810,34811],{},[15,34812,34304],{},[129,34814,34815],{},[15,34816,8465],{},[129,34818,34819],{},[15,34820,34295],{},[129,34822,34823],{},[15,34824,34825],{},"replace",[20,34827,34828],{},"A key point to remember:",[126,34830,34831,34839],{},[129,34832,34833,34835,34836],{},[15,34834,34137],{}," lists ",[3563,34837,34838],{},"names only",[129,34840,34841,34842,34844],{},"it does ",[3563,34843,4457],{}," explain what each name does",[20,34846,34847,34848,504],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[491,34849,34851],{"href":34850},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,34852,34853],{},"help()",[20,34855,5301],{},[35,34857,34859],{"className":37,"code":34858,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34860,34861,34873],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34862,34863,34865,34867,34869,34871],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34864,51],{"class":50},[44,34866,55],{"class":54},[44,34868,1438],{"class":66},[44,34870,3667],{"class":70},[44,34872,3176],{"class":66},[44,34874,34875,34877,34879,34881,34883,34885],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,34876,31978],{"class":58},[44,34878,63],{"class":62},[44,34880,652],{"class":97},[44,34882,504],{"class":62},[44,34884,34304],{"class":24579},[44,34886,76],{"class":62},[30,34888,34890,34892],{"id":34889},"dir-on-modules",[15,34891,34137],{}," on modules",[20,34894,15542,34895,34897],{},[15,34896,34137],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,34899,34900],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[600,34902,34904,34905,34907],{"id":34903},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,34906,18247],{}," module",[35,34909,34911],{"className":37,"code":34910,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,34912,34913,34921,34925],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34914,34915,34918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34916,34917],{"class":1384},"import",[44,34919,34920],{"class":50}," math\n",[44,34922,34923],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,34924,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,34926,34927,34929,34931,34933,34935,34937],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,34928,82],{"class":58},[44,34930,63],{"class":62},[44,34932,34198],{"class":58},[44,34934,63],{"class":62},[44,34936,18247],{"class":97},[44,34938,434],{"class":62},[20,34940,34941],{},"You may see names like:",[126,34943,34944,34949,34954,34959],{},[129,34945,34946],{},[15,34947,34948],{},"sqrt",[129,34950,34951],{},[15,34952,34953],{},"ceil",[129,34955,34956],{},[15,34957,34958],{},"floor",[129,34960,34961],{},[15,34962,34963],{},"pi",[20,34965,34966],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,34968,34969],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[126,34971,34972,34978],{},[129,34973,34974],{},[491,34975,34977],{"href":34976},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[129,34979,34980],{},[491,34981,34983],{"href":34982},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[600,34985,34987],{"id":34986},"another-example","Another example",[35,34989,34991],{"className":37,"code":34990,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,34992,34993,35000,35004],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34994,34995,34997],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34996,34917],{"class":1384},[44,34998,34999],{"class":50}," json\n",[44,35001,35002],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,35003,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,35005,35006,35008,35010,35012,35014,35017],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,35007,82],{"class":58},[44,35009,63],{"class":62},[44,35011,34198],{"class":58},[44,35013,63],{"class":62},[44,35015,35016],{"class":97},"json",[44,35018,434],{"class":62},[20,35020,35021,35022,2018,35025,2018,35028,16901,35031,504],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35023,35024],{},"dump",[15,35026,35027],{},"dumps",[15,35029,35030],{},"load",[15,35032,35033],{},"loads",[30,35035,35037,10408,35039],{"id":35036},"dir-vs-help",[15,35038,34137],{},[15,35040,34853],{},[20,35042,35043,1126,35045,35047],{},[15,35044,34137],{},[15,35046,34853],{}," are often used together.",[600,35049,35050],{"id":34198},[15,35051,34137],{},[126,35053,35054,35057],{},[129,35055,35056],{},"shows available names",[129,35058,35059],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[600,35061,35062],{"id":31978},[15,35063,34853],{},[126,35065,35066,35069],{},[129,35067,35068],{},"explains what an object or function does",[129,35070,35071],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35073,35074],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[35,35076,35078],{"className":37,"code":35077,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35079,35080,35092,35096,35110],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35081,35082,35084,35086,35088,35090],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35083,51],{"class":50},[44,35085,55],{"class":54},[44,35087,1438],{"class":66},[44,35089,3667],{"class":70},[44,35091,3176],{"class":66},[44,35093,35094],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,35095,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,35097,35098,35100,35102,35104,35106,35108],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,35099,82],{"class":58},[44,35101,63],{"class":62},[44,35103,34198],{"class":58},[44,35105,63],{"class":62},[44,35107,652],{"class":97},[44,35109,434],{"class":62},[44,35111,35112,35114,35116,35118,35120,35122],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,35113,31978],{"class":58},[44,35115,63],{"class":62},[44,35117,652],{"class":97},[44,35119,504],{"class":62},[44,35121,34304],{"class":24579},[44,35123,76],{"class":62},[20,35125,103,35126,35128,35129,35131,35132,35134],{},[15,35127,34137],{}," first to find a method name.",[9668,35130],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35133,34853],{}," to understand how to use it.",[30,35136,25187],{"id":25186},[20,35138,35139],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[600,35141,35143,35145],{"id":35142},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35144,34137],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35147,35148,35150],{},[15,35149,34137],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35152,35153,35154,35156,35157,35160],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35155,34304],{}," in ",[15,35158,35159],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[600,35162,35164],{"id":35163},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35166,35167],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35169,35170],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[600,35172,35174],{"id":35173},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35176,35177],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35179,5301],{},[126,35181,35182,35187,35193],{},[129,35183,35184,35186],{},[15,35185,35159],{}," shows string-related names",[129,35188,35189,35192],{},[15,35190,35191],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[129,35194,35195,35198,35199,34907],{},[15,35196,35197],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35200,18247],{},[600,35202,35204],{"id":35203},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35206,35207,35208,35210],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35209,34137],{}," does not mean you already know:",[126,35212,35213,35216,35219],{},[129,35214,35215],{},"what it does",[129,35217,35218],{},"what arguments it needs",[129,35220,35221],{},"what it returns",[20,35223,35224,35225,35227],{},"That is why ",[15,35226,34853],{}," is the natural next step.",[30,35229,1486],{"id":1485},[20,35231,35232,35233,35235],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35234,34137],{}," in these situations:",[126,35237,35238,35241,35250,35253],{},[129,35239,35240],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[129,35242,35243,35244,35249],{},"Seeing an ",[491,35245,35247],{"href":35246},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35248,25501],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[129,35251,35252],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[129,35254,8243,35255,35257,35258],{},[15,35256,34137],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35259,34853],{},[20,35261,35262],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[35,35264,35266],{"className":37,"code":35265,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35267,35268,35280,35284,35298,35312],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35269,35270,35272,35274,35276,35278],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35271,51],{"class":50},[44,35273,55],{"class":54},[44,35275,1438],{"class":66},[44,35277,3667],{"class":70},[44,35279,3176],{"class":66},[44,35281,35282],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,35283,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,35285,35286,35288,35290,35292,35294,35296],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,35287,82],{"class":58},[44,35289,63],{"class":62},[44,35291,427],{"class":426},[44,35293,63],{"class":62},[44,35295,652],{"class":97},[44,35297,434],{"class":62},[44,35299,35300,35302,35304,35306,35308,35310],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,35301,82],{"class":58},[44,35303,63],{"class":62},[44,35305,34198],{"class":58},[44,35307,63],{"class":62},[44,35309,652],{"class":97},[44,35311,434],{"class":62},[44,35313,35314,35316,35318,35320,35322,35324],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,35315,31978],{"class":58},[44,35317,63],{"class":62},[44,35319,652],{"class":97},[44,35321,504],{"class":62},[44,35323,34304],{"class":24579},[44,35325,76],{"class":62},[20,35327,35328],{},"And for modules:",[35,35330,35331],{"className":37,"code":34910,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,35332,35333,35339,35343],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35334,35335,35337],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35336,34917],{"class":1384},[44,35338,34920],{"class":50},[44,35340,35341],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,35342,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,35344,35345,35347,35349,35351,35353,35355],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,35346,82],{"class":58},[44,35348,63],{"class":62},[44,35350,34198],{"class":58},[44,35352,63],{"class":62},[44,35354,18247],{"class":97},[44,35356,434],{"class":62},[20,35358,35359],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[35,35361,35363],{"className":37,"code":35362,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35364,35365,35370,35382,35392,35406,35412],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35366,35367],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35368,35369],{"class":50},"python\n",[44,35371,35372,35374,35376,35378,35380],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,35373,51],{"class":50},[44,35375,55],{"class":54},[44,35377,1438],{"class":66},[44,35379,3667],{"class":70},[44,35381,3176],{"class":66},[44,35383,35384,35386,35388,35390],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,35385,34198],{"class":58},[44,35387,63],{"class":62},[44,35389,652],{"class":97},[44,35391,76],{"class":62},[44,35393,35394,35396,35398,35400,35402,35404],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,35395,31978],{"class":58},[44,35397,63],{"class":62},[44,35399,652],{"class":97},[44,35401,504],{"class":62},[44,35403,34304],{"class":24579},[44,35405,76],{"class":62},[44,35407,35408,35410],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,35409,34917],{"class":1384},[44,35411,34920],{"class":50},[44,35413,35414,35416,35418,35420],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,35415,34198],{"class":58},[44,35417,63],{"class":62},[44,35419,18247],{"class":97},[44,35421,76],{"class":62},[30,35423,1651],{"id":1650},[600,35425,4970,35427,4973],{"id":35426},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35428,34137],{},[20,35430,35431],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[600,35433,5007,35435,1126,35437,213],{"id":35434},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35436,34137],{},[15,35438,34853],{},[20,35440,35441,35443,35444,35446],{},[15,35442,34137],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35445,34853],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[600,35448,35450,35451,35453],{"id":35449},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35452,34137],{}," output?",[20,35455,35456],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[600,35458,4997,35460,35462,35463,213],{"id":35459},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35461,34137],{}," help fix ",[15,35464,25501],{},[20,35466,35467,35468,504],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[491,35469,35470],{"href":35246},"object has no attribute",[30,35472,1719],{"id":1718},[126,35474,35475,35481,35486,35490,35494],{},[129,35476,35477],{},[491,35478,13,35479,1738],{"href":34850},[15,35480,34853],{},[129,35482,35483],{},[491,35484,35485],{"href":35246},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[129,35487,35488],{},[491,35489,34977],{"href":34976},[129,35491,35492],{},[491,35493,34983],{"href":34982},[129,35495,35496],{},[491,35497,13,35498,1738],{"href":34635},[15,35499,2132],{},[20,35501,35502,35503,35505,35506,35508],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35504,34137],{}," together with ",[15,35507,34853],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1758,35510,35511],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":35513},[35514,35515,35517,35522,35527,35529,35530,35536,35541,35548,35549,35559],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":34314,"depth":79,"text":35516},"What dir() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250,"children":35518},[35519,35521],{"id":34367,"depth":419,"text":35520},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34423,"depth":419,"text":34209},{"id":34491,"depth":79,"text":35523,"children":35524},"Using dir() with a value",[35525,35526],{"id":34503,"depth":419,"text":34504},{"id":34564,"depth":419,"text":34565},{"id":34644,"depth":79,"text":35528},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34743,"depth":79,"text":34744},{"id":34889,"depth":79,"text":35531,"children":35532},"dir() on modules",[35533,35535],{"id":34903,"depth":419,"text":35534},"Example: math module",{"id":34986,"depth":419,"text":34987},{"id":35036,"depth":79,"text":35537,"children":35538},"dir() vs help()",[35539,35540],{"id":34198,"depth":419,"text":34137},{"id":31978,"depth":419,"text":34853},{"id":25186,"depth":79,"text":25187,"children":35542},[35543,35545,35546,35547],{"id":35142,"depth":419,"text":35544},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35163,"depth":419,"text":35164},{"id":35173,"depth":419,"text":35174},{"id":35203,"depth":419,"text":35204},{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":35550},[35551,35553,35555,35557],{"id":35426,"depth":419,"text":35552},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35434,"depth":419,"text":35554},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35449,"depth":419,"text":35556},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35459,"depth":419,"text":35558},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34129,"description":35560},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35567,"title":35568,"body":35569,"description":37385,"extension":1796,"meta":37386,"navigation":807,"path":37387,"seo":37388,"stem":37389,"__hash__":37390},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35570,"toc":37354},[35571,35577,35582,35585,35593,35599,35601,35680,35682,35707,35712,35717,35722,35725,35736,35739,35741,35819,35821,35847,35854,35856,35858,35883,35886,35899,35904,35906,35987,35989,36015,36024,36029,36037,36043,36050,36053,36055,36134,36137,36194,36196,36233,36239,36244,36249,36252,36266,36268,36371,36373,36416,36425,36435,36442,36448,36455,36538,36540,36563,36566,36569,36571,36575,36579,36582,36645,36668,36671,36675,36681,36683,36750,36753,36830,36835,36841,36844,36847,36893,36895,36919,36924,36928,36933,36939,37002,37005,37007,37010,37035,37038,37173,37175,37275,37277,37282,37285,37291,37301,37309,37314,37320,37326,37328,37351],[10,35572,13,35574,18],{"id":35573},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35575,35576],{},"enumerate()",[20,35578,35579,35581],{},[15,35580,35576],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35583,35584],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[126,35586,35587,35590],{},[129,35588,35589],{},"the item itself",[129,35591,35592],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35594,35595,35596,35598],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35597,35576],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[30,35600,33],{"id":32},[35,35602,35604],{"className":37,"code":35603,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35605,35606,35638,35642,35665],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35607,35608,35610,35612,35614,35616,35618,35620,35622,35624,35626,35628,35630,35632,35634,35636],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35609,12901],{"class":50},[44,35611,55],{"class":54},[44,35613,3440],{"class":62},[44,35615,67],{"class":66},[44,35617,12918],{"class":70},[44,35619,67],{"class":66},[44,35621,186],{"class":62},[44,35623,1438],{"class":66},[44,35625,17285],{"class":70},[44,35627,67],{"class":66},[44,35629,186],{"class":62},[44,35631,1438],{"class":66},[44,35633,12935],{"class":70},[44,35635,67],{"class":66},[44,35637,3453],{"class":62},[44,35639,35640],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,35641,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,35643,35644,35646,35649,35651,35654,35656,35659,35661,35663],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,35645,5787],{"class":1384},[44,35647,35648],{"class":50}," index",[44,35650,186],{"class":62},[44,35652,35653],{"class":50}," color ",[44,35655,3705],{"class":1384},[44,35657,35658],{"class":58}," enumerate",[44,35660,63],{"class":62},[44,35662,17332],{"class":97},[44,35664,8167],{"class":62},[44,35666,35667,35669,35671,35674,35676,35678],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,35668,1416],{"class":58},[44,35670,63],{"class":62},[44,35672,35673],{"class":97},"index",[44,35675,186],{"class":62},[44,35677,189],{"class":97},[44,35679,76],{"class":62},[20,35681,1031],{},[35,35683,35685],{"className":37,"code":35684,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35686,35687,35694,35701],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35688,35689,35691],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35690,1951],{"class":452},[44,35692,35693],{"class":50}," red\n",[44,35695,35696,35698],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,35697,2807],{"class":452},[44,35699,35700],{"class":50}," green\n",[44,35702,35703,35705],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,35704,1889],{"class":452},[44,35706,216],{"class":50},[20,35708,103,35709,35711],{},[15,35710,35576],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[30,35713,113,35715,116],{"id":35714},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35716,35576],{},[20,35718,35719,35721],{},[15,35720,35576],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35723,35724],{},"It is commonly used with:",[126,35726,35727,35729,35731,35733],{},[129,35728,5128],{},[129,35730,5131],{},[129,35732,5137],{},[129,35734,35735],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35737,35738],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35740,145],{},[35,35742,35744],{"className":37,"code":35743,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35745,35746,35780,35784,35805],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35747,35748,35750,35752,35754,35756,35758,35760,35762,35764,35767,35769,35771,35773,35776,35778],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35749,4822],{"class":50},[44,35751,55],{"class":54},[44,35753,3440],{"class":62},[44,35755,67],{"class":66},[44,35757,12705],{"class":70},[44,35759,67],{"class":66},[44,35761,186],{"class":62},[44,35763,1438],{"class":66},[44,35765,35766],{"class":70},"Ben",[44,35768,67],{"class":66},[44,35770,186],{"class":62},[44,35772,1438],{"class":66},[44,35774,35775],{"class":70},"Cara",[44,35777,67],{"class":66},[44,35779,3453],{"class":62},[44,35781,35782],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,35783,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,35785,35786,35788,35790,35792,35795,35797,35799,35801,35803],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,35787,5787],{"class":1384},[44,35789,35648],{"class":50},[44,35791,186],{"class":62},[44,35793,35794],{"class":50}," name ",[44,35796,3705],{"class":1384},[44,35798,35658],{"class":58},[44,35800,63],{"class":62},[44,35802,4866],{"class":97},[44,35804,8167],{"class":62},[44,35806,35807,35809,35811,35813,35815,35817],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,35808,1416],{"class":58},[44,35810,63],{"class":62},[44,35812,35673],{"class":97},[44,35814,186],{"class":62},[44,35816,98],{"class":97},[44,35818,76],{"class":62},[20,35820,1031],{},[35,35822,35824],{"className":37,"code":35823,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,35825,35826,35833,35840],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35827,35828,35830],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35829,1951],{"class":452},[44,35831,35832],{"class":50}," Ana\n",[44,35834,35835,35837],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,35836,2807],{"class":452},[44,35838,35839],{"class":50}," Ben\n",[44,35841,35842,35844],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,35843,1889],{"class":452},[44,35845,35846],{"class":50}," Cara\n",[20,35848,35849,35850,504],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[491,35851,35853],{"href":35852},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[30,35855,250],{"id":249},[20,35857,1989],{},[35,35859,35861],{"className":37,"code":35860,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,35862,35863],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35864,35865,35868,35870,35872,35874,35877,35879,35881],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35866,35867],{"class":58},"enumerate",[44,35869,63],{"class":62},[44,35871,3540],{"class":97},[44,35873,186],{"class":62},[44,35875,35876],{"class":8998}," start",[44,35878,55],{"class":54},[44,35880,1951],{"class":452},[44,35882,76],{"class":62},[20,35884,35885],{},"It has two parts:",[126,35887,35888,35893],{},[129,35889,35890,35892],{},[15,35891,3540],{},": the object you want to loop through",[129,35894,35895,35898],{},[15,35896,35897],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,35900,35901,35902,504],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,35903,1951],{},[20,35905,145],{},[35,35907,35909],{"className":37,"code":35908,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,35910,35911,35944,35948,35971],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35912,35913,35916,35918,35920,35922,35924,35926,35928,35930,35932,35934,35936,35938,35940,35942],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35914,35915],{"class":50},"letters ",[44,35917,55],{"class":54},[44,35919,3440],{"class":62},[44,35921,67],{"class":66},[44,35923,491],{"class":70},[44,35925,67],{"class":66},[44,35927,186],{"class":62},[44,35929,1438],{"class":66},[44,35931,4587],{"class":70},[44,35933,67],{"class":66},[44,35935,186],{"class":62},[44,35937,1438],{"class":66},[44,35939,9561],{"class":70},[44,35941,67],{"class":66},[44,35943,3453],{"class":62},[44,35945,35946],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,35947,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,35949,35950,35952,35955,35957,35960,35962,35964,35966,35969],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,35951,5787],{"class":1384},[44,35953,35954],{"class":50}," i",[44,35956,186],{"class":62},[44,35958,35959],{"class":50}," letter ",[44,35961,3705],{"class":1384},[44,35963,35658],{"class":58},[44,35965,63],{"class":62},[44,35967,35968],{"class":97},"letters",[44,35970,8167],{"class":62},[44,35972,35973,35975,35977,35980,35982,35985],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,35974,1416],{"class":58},[44,35976,63],{"class":62},[44,35978,35979],{"class":97},"i",[44,35981,186],{"class":62},[44,35983,35984],{"class":97}," letter",[44,35986,76],{"class":62},[20,35988,1031],{},[35,35990,35992],{"className":37,"code":35991,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,35993,35994,36001,36008],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35995,35996,35998],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35997,1951],{"class":452},[44,35999,36000],{"class":50}," a\n",[44,36002,36003,36005],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,36004,2807],{"class":452},[44,36006,36007],{"class":50}," b\n",[44,36009,36010,36012],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,36011,1889],{"class":452},[44,36013,36014],{"class":50}," c\n",[20,36016,36017,36018,504],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[491,36019,13,36021,1738],{"href":36020},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36022,36023],{},"range()",[30,36025,113,36027,370],{"id":36026},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36028,35576],{},[20,36030,36031,36033,36034,504],{},[15,36032,35576],{}," returns an ",[3563,36035,36036],{},"enumerate object",[20,36038,36039,36040,36042],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36041,5787],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[126,36044,36045],{},[129,36046,36047],{},[15,36048,36049],{},"(index, item)",[20,36051,36052],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36054,145],{},[35,36056,36058],{"className":37,"code":36057,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36059,36060,36093,36097,36119],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36061,36062,36065,36067,36069,36071,36073,36075,36077,36079,36081,36083,36085,36087,36089,36091],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36063,36064],{"class":50},"fruits ",[44,36066,55],{"class":54},[44,36068,3440],{"class":62},[44,36070,67],{"class":66},[44,36072,3903],{"class":70},[44,36074,67],{"class":66},[44,36076,186],{"class":62},[44,36078,1438],{"class":66},[44,36080,3912],{"class":70},[44,36082,67],{"class":66},[44,36084,186],{"class":62},[44,36086,1438],{"class":66},[44,36088,33046],{"class":70},[44,36090,67],{"class":66},[44,36092,3453],{"class":62},[44,36094,36095],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,36096,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,36098,36099,36101,36103,36105,36108,36110,36112,36114,36117],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,36100,5787],{"class":1384},[44,36102,35648],{"class":50},[44,36104,186],{"class":62},[44,36106,36107],{"class":50}," fruit ",[44,36109,3705],{"class":1384},[44,36111,35658],{"class":58},[44,36113,63],{"class":62},[44,36115,36116],{"class":97},"fruits",[44,36118,8167],{"class":62},[44,36120,36121,36123,36125,36127,36129,36132],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,36122,1416],{"class":58},[44,36124,63],{"class":62},[44,36126,35673],{"class":97},[44,36128,186],{"class":62},[44,36130,36131],{"class":97}," fruit",[44,36133,76],{"class":62},[20,36135,36136],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[35,36138,36140],{"className":37,"code":36139,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36141,36142,36162,36166,36184],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36143,36144,36146,36148,36150,36152,36154,36156,36158,36160],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36145,3435],{"class":50},[44,36147,55],{"class":54},[44,36149,3440],{"class":62},[44,36151,2161],{"class":452},[44,36153,186],{"class":62},[44,36155,7620],{"class":452},[44,36157,186],{"class":62},[44,36159,7625],{"class":452},[44,36161,3453],{"class":62},[44,36163,36164],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,36165,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,36167,36168,36170,36172,36174,36176,36178,36180,36182],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,36169,2059],{"class":50},[44,36171,55],{"class":54},[44,36173,22388],{"class":426},[44,36175,63],{"class":62},[44,36177,35867],{"class":58},[44,36179,63],{"class":62},[44,36181,3467],{"class":97},[44,36183,434],{"class":62},[44,36185,36186,36188,36190,36192],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,36187,82],{"class":58},[44,36189,63],{"class":62},[44,36191,2094],{"class":97},[44,36193,76],{"class":62},[20,36195,1031],{},[35,36197,36199],{"className":37,"code":36198,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36200,36201],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36202,36203,36205,36207,36209,36211,36213,36215,36217,36219,36221,36223,36225,36227,36229,36231],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36204,21568],{"class":62},[44,36206,1951],{"class":452},[44,36208,186],{"class":62},[44,36210,5834],{"class":452},[44,36212,9055],{"class":62},[44,36214,9058],{"class":62},[44,36216,2807],{"class":452},[44,36218,186],{"class":62},[44,36220,7620],{"class":452},[44,36222,9055],{"class":62},[44,36224,9058],{"class":62},[44,36226,1889],{"class":452},[44,36228,186],{"class":62},[44,36230,7625],{"class":452},[44,36232,9071],{"class":62},[20,36234,36235,36236,36238],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36237,35576],{}," produces.",[30,36240,4788,36242],{"id":36241},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36243,35576],{},[20,36245,103,36246,36248],{},[15,36247,35576],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36250,36251],{},"Common cases:",[126,36253,36254,36257,36260,36263],{},[129,36255,36256],{},"printing numbered output",[129,36258,36259],{},"building menus",[129,36261,36262],{},"showing positions in a list",[129,36264,36265],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36267,145],{},[35,36269,36271],{"className":37,"code":36270,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36272,36273,36308,36312,36342],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36274,36275,36277,36279,36281,36283,36286,36288,36290,36292,36295,36297,36299,36301,36304,36306],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36276,29725],{"class":50},[44,36278,55],{"class":54},[44,36280,3440],{"class":62},[44,36282,67],{"class":66},[44,36284,36285],{"class":70},"Wash dishes",[44,36287,67],{"class":66},[44,36289,186],{"class":62},[44,36291,1438],{"class":66},[44,36293,36294],{"class":70},"Study Python",[44,36296,67],{"class":66},[44,36298,186],{"class":62},[44,36300,1438],{"class":66},[44,36302,36303],{"class":70},"Go for a walk",[44,36305,67],{"class":66},[44,36307,3453],{"class":62},[44,36309,36310],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,36311,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,36313,36314,36316,36318,36320,36323,36325,36327,36329,36332,36334,36336,36338,36340],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,36315,5787],{"class":1384},[44,36317,2026],{"class":50},[44,36319,186],{"class":62},[44,36321,36322],{"class":50}," task ",[44,36324,3705],{"class":1384},[44,36326,35658],{"class":58},[44,36328,63],{"class":62},[44,36330,36331],{"class":97},"tasks",[44,36333,186],{"class":62},[44,36335,35876],{"class":8998},[44,36337,55],{"class":54},[44,36339,2807],{"class":452},[44,36341,8167],{"class":62},[44,36343,36344,36346,36348,36350,36352,36354,36356,36358,36360,36362,36365,36367,36369],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,36345,1416],{"class":58},[44,36347,63],{"class":62},[44,36349,22122],{"class":466},[44,36351,67],{"class":70},[44,36353,9100],{"class":452},[44,36355,2069],{"class":97},[44,36357,22131],{"class":452},[44,36359,28144],{"class":70},[44,36361,9100],{"class":452},[44,36363,36364],{"class":97},"task",[44,36366,22131],{"class":452},[44,36368,67],{"class":70},[44,36370,76],{"class":62},[20,36372,1031],{},[35,36374,36376],{"className":37,"code":36375,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36377,36378,36390,36402],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36379,36380,36382,36384,36387],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36381,2807],{"class":452},[44,36383,504],{"class":62},[44,36385,36386],{"class":24579}," Wash",[44,36388,36389],{"class":50}," dishes\n",[44,36391,36392,36394,36396,36399],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,36393,1889],{"class":452},[44,36395,504],{"class":62},[44,36397,36398],{"class":24579}," Study",[44,36400,36401],{"class":50}," Python\n",[44,36403,36404,36406,36408,36411,36413],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,36405,1894],{"class":452},[44,36407,504],{"class":62},[44,36409,36410],{"class":24579}," Go",[44,36412,3699],{"class":1384},[44,36414,36415],{"class":50}," a walk\n",[20,36417,36418,36419,36421,36422,504],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36420,35576],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36423,36424],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36426,36427,36428,504],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[491,36429,36431,36432,36434],{"href":36430},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36433,35576],{}," in Python",[30,36436,36438,36439,36441],{"id":36437},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36440,35897],{}," argument",[20,36443,36444,36445,36447],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36446,35897],{}," argument.",[20,36449,36450,36451,10916,36453,449],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36452,2807],{},[15,36454,1951],{},[35,36456,36458],{"className":37,"code":36457,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36459,36460,36492,36496,36524],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36461,36462,36464,36466,36468,36470,36472,36474,36476,36478,36480,36482,36484,36486,36488,36490],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36463,12901],{"class":50},[44,36465,55],{"class":54},[44,36467,3440],{"class":62},[44,36469,67],{"class":66},[44,36471,12918],{"class":70},[44,36473,67],{"class":66},[44,36475,186],{"class":62},[44,36477,1438],{"class":66},[44,36479,17285],{"class":70},[44,36481,67],{"class":66},[44,36483,186],{"class":62},[44,36485,1438],{"class":66},[44,36487,12935],{"class":70},[44,36489,67],{"class":66},[44,36491,3453],{"class":62},[44,36493,36494],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,36495,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,36497,36498,36500,36502,36504,36506,36508,36510,36512,36514,36516,36518,36520,36522],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,36499,5787],{"class":1384},[44,36501,35648],{"class":50},[44,36503,186],{"class":62},[44,36505,35653],{"class":50},[44,36507,3705],{"class":1384},[44,36509,35658],{"class":58},[44,36511,63],{"class":62},[44,36513,17332],{"class":97},[44,36515,186],{"class":62},[44,36517,35876],{"class":8998},[44,36519,55],{"class":54},[44,36521,2807],{"class":452},[44,36523,8167],{"class":62},[44,36525,36526,36528,36530,36532,36534,36536],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,36527,1416],{"class":58},[44,36529,63],{"class":62},[44,36531,35673],{"class":97},[44,36533,186],{"class":62},[44,36535,189],{"class":97},[44,36537,76],{"class":62},[20,36539,1031],{},[35,36541,36543],{"className":37,"code":36542,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36544,36545,36551,36557],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36546,36547,36549],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36548,2807],{"class":452},[44,36550,35693],{"class":50},[44,36552,36553,36555],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,36554,1889],{"class":452},[44,36556,35700],{"class":50},[44,36558,36559,36561],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,36560,1894],{"class":452},[44,36562,216],{"class":50},[20,36564,36565],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36567,36568],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[30,36570,25187],{"id":25186},[20,36572,25190,36573,504],{},[15,36574,35576],{},[600,36576,36578],{"id":36577},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36580,36581],{},"In this loop:",[35,36583,36585],{"className":37,"code":36584,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36586,36587,36607,36611,36631],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36588,36589,36591,36593,36595,36597,36599,36601,36603,36605],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36590,3435],{"class":50},[44,36592,55],{"class":54},[44,36594,3440],{"class":62},[44,36596,2161],{"class":452},[44,36598,186],{"class":62},[44,36600,7620],{"class":452},[44,36602,186],{"class":62},[44,36604,7625],{"class":452},[44,36606,3453],{"class":62},[44,36608,36609],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,36610,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,36612,36613,36615,36617,36619,36621,36623,36625,36627,36629],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,36614,5787],{"class":1384},[44,36616,35648],{"class":50},[44,36618,186],{"class":62},[44,36620,21413],{"class":50},[44,36622,3705],{"class":1384},[44,36624,35658],{"class":58},[44,36626,63],{"class":62},[44,36628,3467],{"class":97},[44,36630,8167],{"class":62},[44,36632,36633,36635,36637,36639,36641,36643],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,36634,1416],{"class":58},[44,36636,63],{"class":62},[44,36638,35673],{"class":97},[44,36640,186],{"class":62},[44,36642,8259],{"class":97},[44,36644,76],{"class":62},[126,36646,36647,36657],{},[129,36648,36649,4610,36651,2018,36653,2018,36655],{},[15,36650,35673],{},[15,36652,1951],{},[15,36654,2807],{},[15,36656,1889],{},[129,36658,36659,4610,36661,2018,36663,2018,36665],{},[15,36660,354],{},[15,36662,2161],{},[15,36664,15582],{},[15,36666,36667],{},"30",[20,36669,36670],{},"These are different things.",[600,36672,36674],{"id":36673},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36676,36677,36678,36680],{},"Each item from ",[15,36679,35576],{}," is a pair.",[20,36682,6518],{},[35,36684,36686],{"className":37,"code":36685,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36687,36688,36712,36716,36736],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36689,36690,36692,36694,36696,36698,36700,36702,36704,36706,36708,36710],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36691,7609],{"class":50},[44,36693,55],{"class":54},[44,36695,3440],{"class":62},[44,36697,67],{"class":66},[44,36699,2003],{"class":70},[44,36701,67],{"class":66},[44,36703,186],{"class":62},[44,36705,1438],{"class":66},[44,36707,11570],{"class":70},[44,36709,67],{"class":66},[44,36711,3453],{"class":62},[44,36713,36714],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,36715,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,36717,36718,36720,36722,36724,36726,36728,36730,36732,36734],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,36719,5787],{"class":1384},[44,36721,35954],{"class":50},[44,36723,186],{"class":62},[44,36725,5790],{"class":50},[44,36727,3705],{"class":1384},[44,36729,35658],{"class":58},[44,36731,63],{"class":62},[44,36733,7640],{"class":97},[44,36735,8167],{"class":62},[44,36737,36738,36740,36742,36744,36746,36748],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,36739,1416],{"class":58},[44,36741,63],{"class":62},[44,36743,35979],{"class":97},[44,36745,186],{"class":62},[44,36747,29337],{"class":97},[44,36749,76],{"class":62},[20,36751,36752],{},"But this causes an error:",[35,36754,36756],{"className":37,"code":36755,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36757,36758,36782,36786,36811],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36759,36760,36762,36764,36766,36768,36770,36772,36774,36776,36778,36780],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36761,7609],{"class":50},[44,36763,55],{"class":54},[44,36765,3440],{"class":62},[44,36767,67],{"class":66},[44,36769,2003],{"class":70},[44,36771,67],{"class":66},[44,36773,186],{"class":62},[44,36775,1438],{"class":66},[44,36777,11570],{"class":70},[44,36779,67],{"class":66},[44,36781,3453],{"class":62},[44,36783,36784],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,36785,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,36787,36788,36790,36792,36794,36796,36798,36801,36803,36805,36807,36809],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,36789,5787],{"class":1384},[44,36791,35954],{"class":50},[44,36793,186],{"class":62},[44,36795,29337],{"class":50},[44,36797,186],{"class":62},[44,36799,36800],{"class":50}," extra ",[44,36802,3705],{"class":1384},[44,36804,35658],{"class":58},[44,36806,63],{"class":62},[44,36808,7640],{"class":97},[44,36810,8167],{"class":62},[44,36812,36813,36815,36817,36819,36821,36823,36825,36828],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,36814,1416],{"class":58},[44,36816,63],{"class":62},[44,36818,35979],{"class":97},[44,36820,186],{"class":62},[44,36822,29337],{"class":97},[44,36824,186],{"class":62},[44,36826,36827],{"class":97}," extra",[44,36829,76],{"class":62},[20,36831,1692,36832,36834],{},[15,36833,35576],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[600,36836,36838,36840],{"id":36837},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,36839,35576],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,36842,36843],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,36845,36846],{},"Example with a string:",[35,36848,36850],{"className":37,"code":36849,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,36851,36852,36878],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36853,36854,36856,36858,36860,36863,36865,36867,36869,36871,36874,36876],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36855,5787],{"class":1384},[44,36857,35648],{"class":50},[44,36859,186],{"class":62},[44,36861,36862],{"class":50}," char ",[44,36864,3705],{"class":1384},[44,36866,35658],{"class":58},[44,36868,63],{"class":62},[44,36870,67],{"class":66},[44,36872,36873],{"class":70},"cat",[44,36875,67],{"class":66},[44,36877,8167],{"class":62},[44,36879,36880,36882,36884,36886,36888,36891],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,36881,1416],{"class":58},[44,36883,63],{"class":62},[44,36885,35673],{"class":97},[44,36887,186],{"class":62},[44,36889,36890],{"class":97}," char",[44,36892,76],{"class":62},[20,36894,1031],{},[35,36896,36898],{"className":37,"code":36897,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,36899,36900,36906,36912],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36901,36902,36904],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36903,1951],{"class":452},[44,36905,36014],{"class":50},[44,36907,36908,36910],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,36909,2807],{"class":452},[44,36911,36000],{"class":50},[44,36913,36914,36916],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,36915,1889],{"class":452},[44,36917,36918],{"class":50}," t\n",[20,36920,36921,36922,504],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[491,36923,4964],{"href":5415},[600,36925,36927],{"id":36926},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,36929,36930,36931,504],{},"You do not always need ",[15,36932,35576],{},[20,36934,36935,36936,36938],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,36937,5787],{}," loop:",[35,36940,36942],{"className":37,"code":36941,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,36943,36944,36976,36980,36992],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36945,36946,36948,36950,36952,36954,36956,36958,36960,36962,36964,36966,36968,36970,36972,36974],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36947,12901],{"class":50},[44,36949,55],{"class":54},[44,36951,3440],{"class":62},[44,36953,67],{"class":66},[44,36955,12918],{"class":70},[44,36957,67],{"class":66},[44,36959,186],{"class":62},[44,36961,1438],{"class":66},[44,36963,17285],{"class":70},[44,36965,67],{"class":66},[44,36967,186],{"class":62},[44,36969,1438],{"class":66},[44,36971,12935],{"class":70},[44,36973,67],{"class":66},[44,36975,3453],{"class":62},[44,36977,36978],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,36979,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,36981,36982,36984,36986,36988,36990],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,36983,5787],{"class":1384},[44,36985,35653],{"class":50},[44,36987,3705],{"class":1384},[44,36989,12949],{"class":50},[44,36991,1388],{"class":62},[44,36993,36994,36996,36998,37000],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,36995,1416],{"class":58},[44,36997,63],{"class":62},[44,36999,241],{"class":97},[44,37001,76],{"class":62},[20,37003,37004],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[30,37006,1486],{"id":1485},[20,37008,37009],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[126,37011,37012,37017,37023,37028],{},[129,37013,22929,37014,37016],{},[15,37015,35576],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[129,37018,37019,37020,37022],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37021,1951],{}," by default",[129,37024,8243,37025,37027],{},[15,37026,35576],{}," when only values are needed",[129,37029,37030,37031,8529,37033],{},"Confusing ",[15,37032,35576],{},[15,37034,36023],{},[20,37036,37037],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[35,37039,37041],{"className":37,"code":37040,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37042,37043,37065,37092,37126,37159],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37044,37045,37047,37049,37051,37053,37055,37057,37059,37061,37063],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37046,82],{"class":58},[44,37048,63],{"class":62},[44,37050,35867],{"class":58},[44,37052,2804],{"class":62},[44,37054,2161],{"class":452},[44,37056,186],{"class":62},[44,37058,7620],{"class":452},[44,37060,186],{"class":62},[44,37062,7625],{"class":452},[44,37064,2819],{"class":62},[44,37066,37067,37069,37071,37073,37075,37077,37079,37081,37083,37085,37087,37089],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,37068,82],{"class":58},[44,37070,63],{"class":62},[44,37072,7921],{"class":426},[44,37074,63],{"class":62},[44,37076,35867],{"class":58},[44,37078,2804],{"class":62},[44,37080,2161],{"class":452},[44,37082,186],{"class":62},[44,37084,7620],{"class":452},[44,37086,186],{"class":62},[44,37088,7625],{"class":452},[44,37090,37091],{"class":62},"])))\n",[44,37093,37094,37096,37098,37100,37102,37104,37106,37108,37110,37112,37114,37116,37118,37120,37122,37124],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,37095,82],{"class":58},[44,37097,63],{"class":62},[44,37099,7921],{"class":426},[44,37101,63],{"class":62},[44,37103,35867],{"class":58},[44,37105,2804],{"class":62},[44,37107,2161],{"class":452},[44,37109,186],{"class":62},[44,37111,7620],{"class":452},[44,37113,186],{"class":62},[44,37115,7625],{"class":452},[44,37117,17892],{"class":62},[44,37119,35876],{"class":8998},[44,37121,55],{"class":54},[44,37123,2807],{"class":452},[44,37125,2731],{"class":62},[44,37127,37128,37130,37132,37134,37136,37138,37140,37142,37144,37146,37148,37150,37152,37154,37156],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,37129,5787],{"class":1384},[44,37131,35954],{"class":50},[44,37133,186],{"class":62},[44,37135,21413],{"class":50},[44,37137,3705],{"class":1384},[44,37139,35658],{"class":58},[44,37141,2804],{"class":62},[44,37143,476],{"class":66},[44,37145,491],{"class":70},[44,37147,476],{"class":66},[44,37149,186],{"class":62},[44,37151,470],{"class":66},[44,37153,4587],{"class":70},[44,37155,476],{"class":66},[44,37157,37158],{"class":62},"]):\n",[44,37160,37161,37163,37165,37167,37169,37171],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,37162,1416],{"class":58},[44,37164,63],{"class":62},[44,37166,35979],{"class":97},[44,37168,186],{"class":62},[44,37170,8259],{"class":97},[44,37172,76],{"class":62},[20,37174,16787],{},[35,37176,37178],{"className":37,"code":37177,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37179,37180,37199,37231,37263,37269],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37181,37182,37184,37186,37188,37191,37194,37197],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37183,463],{"class":54},[44,37185,35867],{"class":58},[44,37187,24446],{"class":426},[44,37189,37190],{"class":50}," at ",[44,37192,37193],{"class":212},"0x",[44,37195,37196],{"class":34279},"...",[44,37198,479],{"class":54},[44,37200,37201,37203,37205,37207,37209,37211,37213,37215,37217,37219,37221,37223,37225,37227,37229],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,37202,21568],{"class":62},[44,37204,1951],{"class":452},[44,37206,186],{"class":62},[44,37208,5834],{"class":452},[44,37210,9055],{"class":62},[44,37212,9058],{"class":62},[44,37214,2807],{"class":452},[44,37216,186],{"class":62},[44,37218,7620],{"class":452},[44,37220,9055],{"class":62},[44,37222,9058],{"class":62},[44,37224,1889],{"class":452},[44,37226,186],{"class":62},[44,37228,7625],{"class":452},[44,37230,9071],{"class":62},[44,37232,37233,37235,37237,37239,37241,37243,37245,37247,37249,37251,37253,37255,37257,37259,37261],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,37234,21568],{"class":62},[44,37236,2807],{"class":452},[44,37238,186],{"class":62},[44,37240,5834],{"class":452},[44,37242,9055],{"class":62},[44,37244,9058],{"class":62},[44,37246,1889],{"class":452},[44,37248,186],{"class":62},[44,37250,7620],{"class":452},[44,37252,9055],{"class":62},[44,37254,9058],{"class":62},[44,37256,1894],{"class":452},[44,37258,186],{"class":62},[44,37260,7625],{"class":452},[44,37262,9071],{"class":62},[44,37264,37265,37267],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,37266,1951],{"class":452},[44,37268,36000],{"class":50},[44,37270,37271,37273],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,37272,2807],{"class":452},[44,37274,36007],{"class":50},[30,37276,1651],{"id":1650},[600,37278,4970,37280,4973],{"id":37279},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37281,35576],{},[20,37283,37284],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[600,37286,1655,37288,37290],{"id":37287},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37289,35576],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37292,37293,37294,37296,37297,37300],{},"It starts at ",[15,37295,1951],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37298,37299],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[600,37302,21249,37304,10916,37306,213],{"id":37303},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37305,35576],{},[15,37307,37308],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37310,36418,37311,37313],{},[15,37312,35576],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[600,37315,4997,37317,37319],{"id":37316},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37318,35576],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37321,37322,37323,37325],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37324,35576],{}," can return each character with its index.",[30,37327,1719],{"id":1718},[126,37329,37330,37334,37340,37347],{},[129,37331,37332],{},[491,37333,35853],{"href":35852},[129,37335,37336],{},[491,37337,13,37338,1738],{"href":36020},[15,37339,36023],{},[129,37341,37342],{},[491,37343,37344,37345,36434],{"href":36430},"How to use ",[15,37346,35576],{},[129,37348,37349],{},[491,37350,5044],{"href":5415},[1758,37352,37353],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":37355},[37356,37357,37359,37360,37362,37364,37366,37373,37374,37384],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":35714,"depth":79,"text":37358},"What enumerate() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":36026,"depth":79,"text":37361},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36241,"depth":79,"text":37363},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36437,"depth":79,"text":37365},"Using the start argument",{"id":25186,"depth":79,"text":25187,"children":37367},[37368,37369,37370,37372],{"id":36577,"depth":419,"text":36578},{"id":36673,"depth":419,"text":36674},{"id":36837,"depth":419,"text":37371},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":36926,"depth":419,"text":36927},{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":37375},[37376,37378,37380,37382],{"id":37279,"depth":419,"text":37377},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37287,"depth":419,"text":37379},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37303,"depth":419,"text":37381},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37316,"depth":419,"text":37383},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35568,"description":37385},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37392,"title":37393,"body":37394,"description":39908,"extension":1796,"meta":39909,"navigation":807,"path":39910,"seo":39911,"stem":39912,"__hash__":39913},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37395,"toc":39865},[37396,37402,37407,37410,37418,37432,37434,37525,37533,37538,37543,37545,37561,37563,37642,37644,37661,37667,37671,37673,37694,37698,37701,37713,37717,37720,37723,37740,37743,37819,37821,37838,37843,37847,37855,37858,37873,37875,37964,37966,38011,38014,38018,38021,38100,38102,38124,38127,38134,38139,38142,38245,38247,38272,38275,38282,38288,38293,38296,38307,38413,38415,38436,38444,38451,38457,38476,38481,38484,38503,38505,38590,38592,38621,38624,38629,38634,38637,38648,38650,38739,38741,38761,38767,38873,38875,38895,38898,38982,38984,39004,39011,39013,39017,39023,39025,39082,39085,39088,39149,39158,39161,39164,39192,39195,39255,39257,39274,39278,39281,39359,39361,39381,39384,39459,39463,39466,39468,39477,39482,39484,39535,39543,39555,39560,39621,39623,39640,39644,39707,39709,39734,39742,39744,39750,39755,39762,39770,39776,39779,39786,39796,39802,39808,39811,39828,39834,39836,39862],[10,37397,13,37399,18],{"id":37398},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37400,37401],{},"filter()",[20,37403,37404,37406],{},[15,37405,37401],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37408,37409],{},"It takes:",[126,37411,37412,37415],{},[129,37413,37414],{},"a function that checks each item",[129,37416,37417],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37419,37420,37421,37424,37425,37428,37429,37431],{},"The result is ",[3563,37422,37423],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37426,37427],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37430,24610],{}," to see the values.",[30,37433,33],{"id":32},[35,37435,37437],{"className":37,"code":37436,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37438,37439,37472,37508],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37440,37441,37443,37445,37447,37449,37451,37453,37455,37457,37459,37461,37463,37465,37467,37470],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37442,3435],{"class":50},[44,37444,55],{"class":54},[44,37446,3440],{"class":62},[44,37448,2807],{"class":452},[44,37450,186],{"class":62},[44,37452,2812],{"class":452},[44,37454,186],{"class":62},[44,37456,2282],{"class":452},[44,37458,186],{"class":62},[44,37460,2287],{"class":452},[44,37462,186],{"class":62},[44,37464,4431],{"class":452},[44,37466,186],{"class":62},[44,37468,37469],{"class":452}," 6",[44,37471,3453],{"class":62},[44,37473,37474,37476,37478,37481,37483,37486,37490,37492,37494,37496,37498,37500,37502,37504,37506],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,37475,2059],{"class":50},[44,37477,55],{"class":54},[44,37479,37480],{"class":58}," filter",[44,37482,63],{"class":62},[44,37484,37485],{"class":466},"lambda",[44,37487,37489],{"class":37488},"sFwrP"," x",[44,37491,449],{"class":62},[44,37493,3702],{"class":97},[44,37495,6232],{"class":54},[44,37497,2812],{"class":452},[44,37499,6237],{"class":54},[44,37501,3655],{"class":452},[44,37503,186],{"class":62},[44,37505,4088],{"class":97},[44,37507,76],{"class":62},[44,37509,37510,37512,37514,37516,37518,37520,37522],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,37511,82],{"class":58},[44,37513,63],{"class":62},[44,37515,7921],{"class":426},[44,37517,63],{"class":62},[44,37519,2094],{"class":97},[44,37521,5190],{"class":62},[44,37523,37524],{"class":3483},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37526,37527,37529,37530,37532],{},[15,37528,37401],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37531,24610],{}," to see the results.",[30,37534,113,37536,116],{"id":37535},"what-filter-does",[15,37537,37401],{},[20,37539,37540,37542],{},[15,37541,37401],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37544,1938],{},[126,37546,37547,37550,37556],{},[129,37548,37549],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[129,37551,37552,37553,37555],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37554,3420],{},", the item is kept",[129,37557,37552,37558,37560],{},[15,37559,3494],{},", the item is removed",[20,37562,145],{},[35,37564,37566],{"className":37,"code":37565,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37567,37568,37596,37600,37628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37569,37570,37572,37574,37576,37578,37580,37582,37584,37586,37588,37590,37592,37594],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37571,3435],{"class":50},[44,37573,55],{"class":54},[44,37575,3440],{"class":62},[44,37577,2807],{"class":452},[44,37579,186],{"class":62},[44,37581,2812],{"class":452},[44,37583,186],{"class":62},[44,37585,2282],{"class":452},[44,37587,186],{"class":62},[44,37589,2287],{"class":452},[44,37591,186],{"class":62},[44,37593,4431],{"class":452},[44,37595,3453],{"class":62},[44,37597,37598],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,37599,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,37601,37602,37604,37606,37608,37610,37612,37614,37616,37618,37620,37622,37624,37626],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,37603,2059],{"class":50},[44,37605,55],{"class":54},[44,37607,37480],{"class":58},[44,37609,63],{"class":62},[44,37611,37485],{"class":466},[44,37613,37489],{"class":37488},[44,37615,449],{"class":62},[44,37617,3702],{"class":97},[44,37619,4077],{"class":54},[44,37621,2282],{"class":452},[44,37623,186],{"class":62},[44,37625,4088],{"class":97},[44,37627,76],{"class":62},[44,37629,37630,37632,37634,37636,37638,37640],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,37631,82],{"class":58},[44,37633,63],{"class":62},[44,37635,7921],{"class":426},[44,37637,63],{"class":62},[44,37639,2094],{"class":97},[44,37641,434],{"class":62},[20,37643,1031],{},[35,37645,37647],{"className":37,"code":37646,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37648,37649],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37650,37651,37653,37655,37657,37659],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37652,3723],{"class":62},[44,37654,1125],{"class":452},[44,37656,186],{"class":62},[44,37658,4431],{"class":452},[44,37660,3453],{"class":62},[20,37662,37663,37664,37666],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37665,1894],{}," are kept.",[30,37668,37670],{"id":37669},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37672,1989],{},[35,37674,37676],{"className":37,"code":37675,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37677,37678],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37679,37680,37682,37684,37687,37689,37692],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37681,37427],{"class":58},[44,37683,63],{"class":62},[44,37685,37686],{"class":97},"function",[44,37688,186],{"class":62},[44,37690,37691],{"class":97}," iterable",[44,37693,76],{"class":62},[600,37695,37696],{"id":37686},[15,37697,37686],{},[20,37699,37700],{},"This is the test function.",[126,37702,37703,37706],{},[129,37704,37705],{},"It receives one item at a time",[129,37707,37708,37709,497,37711],{},"It should return ",[15,37710,3420],{},[15,37712,3494],{},[600,37714,37715],{"id":3540},[15,37716,3540],{},[20,37718,37719],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37721,37722],{},"It can be:",[126,37724,37725,37728,37731,37734,37737],{},[129,37726,37727],{},"a list",[129,37729,37730],{},"a tuple",[129,37732,37733],{},"a string",[129,37735,37736],{},"a set",[129,37738,37739],{},"another iterable object",[20,37741,37742],{},"Example with a tuple:",[35,37744,37746],{"className":37,"code":37745,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37747,37748,37773,37777,37805],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37749,37750,37752,37754,37756,37758,37760,37763,37765,37767,37769,37771],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37751,3435],{"class":50},[44,37753,55],{"class":54},[44,37755,9058],{"class":62},[44,37757,2161],{"class":452},[44,37759,186],{"class":62},[44,37761,37762],{"class":452}," 15",[44,37764,186],{"class":62},[44,37766,7620],{"class":452},[44,37768,186],{"class":62},[44,37770,9127],{"class":452},[44,37772,76],{"class":62},[44,37774,37775],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,37776,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,37778,37779,37781,37783,37785,37787,37789,37791,37793,37795,37797,37799,37801,37803],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,37780,2059],{"class":50},[44,37782,55],{"class":54},[44,37784,37480],{"class":58},[44,37786,63],{"class":62},[44,37788,37485],{"class":466},[44,37790,37489],{"class":37488},[44,37792,449],{"class":62},[44,37794,3702],{"class":97},[44,37796,4926],{"class":54},[44,37798,7620],{"class":452},[44,37800,186],{"class":62},[44,37802,4088],{"class":97},[44,37804,76],{"class":62},[44,37806,37807,37809,37811,37813,37815,37817],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,37808,82],{"class":58},[44,37810,63],{"class":62},[44,37812,7921],{"class":426},[44,37814,63],{"class":62},[44,37816,2094],{"class":97},[44,37818,434],{"class":62},[20,37820,1031],{},[35,37822,37824],{"className":37,"code":37823,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[20, 25]\n",[15,37825,37826],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37827,37828,37830,37832,37834,37836],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37829,3723],{"class":62},[44,37831,15582],{"class":452},[44,37833,186],{"class":62},[44,37835,9127],{"class":452},[44,37837,3453],{"class":62},[20,37839,37840,37841,504],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[491,37842,4964],{"href":5415},[30,37844,37846],{"id":37845},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,37848,37849,37850,21803,37852,504],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,37851,37401],{},[3563,37853,37854],{},"filter object",[20,37856,37857],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[126,37859,37860,37863,37868],{},[129,37861,37862],{},"loop through it",[129,37864,37865,37866],{},"convert it with ",[15,37867,24610],{},[129,37869,37865,37870],{},[15,37871,37872],{},"tuple()",[20,37874,145],{},[35,37876,37878],{"className":37,"code":37877,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37879,37880,37922,37926,37936,37950],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37881,37882,37884,37886,37888,37890,37892,37894,37896,37898,37900,37902,37904,37906,37908,37910,37912,37914,37916,37918,37920],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37883,2059],{"class":50},[44,37885,55],{"class":54},[44,37887,37480],{"class":58},[44,37889,63],{"class":62},[44,37891,37485],{"class":466},[44,37893,37489],{"class":37488},[44,37895,449],{"class":62},[44,37897,3702],{"class":97},[44,37899,4077],{"class":54},[44,37901,2812],{"class":452},[44,37903,186],{"class":62},[44,37905,3440],{"class":62},[44,37907,2807],{"class":452},[44,37909,186],{"class":62},[44,37911,2812],{"class":452},[44,37913,186],{"class":62},[44,37915,2282],{"class":452},[44,37917,186],{"class":62},[44,37919,2287],{"class":452},[44,37921,3711],{"class":62},[44,37923,37924],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,37925,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,37927,37928,37930,37932,37934],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,37929,82],{"class":58},[44,37931,63],{"class":62},[44,37933,2094],{"class":97},[44,37935,76],{"class":62},[44,37937,37938,37940,37942,37944,37946,37948],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,37939,82],{"class":58},[44,37941,63],{"class":62},[44,37943,427],{"class":426},[44,37945,63],{"class":62},[44,37947,2094],{"class":97},[44,37949,434],{"class":62},[44,37951,37952,37954,37956,37958,37960,37962],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,37953,82],{"class":58},[44,37955,63],{"class":62},[44,37957,7921],{"class":426},[44,37959,63],{"class":62},[44,37961,2094],{"class":97},[44,37963,434],{"class":62},[20,37965,1031],{},[35,37967,37969],{"className":37,"code":37968,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,37970,37971,37985,37999],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37972,37973,37975,37977,37979,37981,37983],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37974,463],{"class":54},[44,37976,37427],{"class":58},[44,37978,24446],{"class":426},[44,37980,37190],{"class":50},[44,37982,37196],{"class":34279},[44,37984,479],{"class":54},[44,37986,37987,37989,37991,37993,37995,37997],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,37988,463],{"class":54},[44,37990,467],{"class":466},[44,37992,470],{"class":66},[44,37994,37427],{"class":70},[44,37996,476],{"class":66},[44,37998,479],{"class":54},[44,38000,38001,38003,38005,38007,38009],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,38002,3723],{"class":62},[44,38004,1894],{"class":452},[44,38006,186],{"class":62},[44,38008,2287],{"class":452},[44,38010,3453],{"class":62},[20,38012,38013],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[600,38015,38017],{"id":38016},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38019,38020],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[35,38022,38024],{"className":37,"code":38023,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38025,38026,38068,38072,38086],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38027,38028,38030,38032,38034,38036,38038,38040,38042,38044,38046,38048,38050,38052,38054,38056,38058,38060,38062,38064,38066],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38029,2059],{"class":50},[44,38031,55],{"class":54},[44,38033,37480],{"class":58},[44,38035,63],{"class":62},[44,38037,37485],{"class":466},[44,38039,37489],{"class":37488},[44,38041,449],{"class":62},[44,38043,3702],{"class":97},[44,38045,4077],{"class":54},[44,38047,2812],{"class":452},[44,38049,186],{"class":62},[44,38051,3440],{"class":62},[44,38053,2807],{"class":452},[44,38055,186],{"class":62},[44,38057,2812],{"class":452},[44,38059,186],{"class":62},[44,38061,2282],{"class":452},[44,38063,186],{"class":62},[44,38065,2287],{"class":452},[44,38067,3711],{"class":62},[44,38069,38070],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,38071,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,38073,38074,38076,38078,38080,38082,38084],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,38075,82],{"class":58},[44,38077,63],{"class":62},[44,38079,7921],{"class":426},[44,38081,63],{"class":62},[44,38083,2094],{"class":97},[44,38085,434],{"class":62},[44,38087,38088,38090,38092,38094,38096,38098],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,38089,82],{"class":58},[44,38091,63],{"class":62},[44,38093,7921],{"class":426},[44,38095,63],{"class":62},[44,38097,2094],{"class":97},[44,38099,434],{"class":62},[20,38101,1031],{},[35,38103,38105],{"className":37,"code":38104,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38106,38107,38119],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38108,38109,38111,38113,38115,38117],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38110,3723],{"class":62},[44,38112,1894],{"class":452},[44,38114,186],{"class":62},[44,38116,2287],{"class":452},[44,38118,3453],{"class":62},[44,38120,38121],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,38122,38123],{"class":62},"[]\n",[20,38125,38126],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[30,38128,8243,38130,8529,38132],{"id":38129},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38131,37401],{},[15,38133,37485],{},[20,38135,15016,38136,38138],{},[15,38137,37485],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38140,38141],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[35,38143,38145],{"className":37,"code":38144,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38146,38147,38189,38193,38231],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38148,38149,38151,38153,38155,38157,38159,38161,38163,38165,38168,38170,38172,38174,38176,38178,38180,38182,38185,38187],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38150,3894],{"class":50},[44,38152,55],{"class":54},[44,38154,3440],{"class":62},[44,38156,67],{"class":66},[44,38158,3903],{"class":70},[44,38160,67],{"class":66},[44,38162,186],{"class":62},[44,38164,1438],{"class":66},[44,38166,38167],{"class":70},"kiwi",[44,38169,67],{"class":66},[44,38171,186],{"class":62},[44,38173,1438],{"class":66},[44,38175,3912],{"class":70},[44,38177,67],{"class":66},[44,38179,186],{"class":62},[44,38181,1438],{"class":66},[44,38183,38184],{"class":70},"fig",[44,38186,67],{"class":66},[44,38188,3453],{"class":62},[44,38190,38191],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,38192,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,38194,38195,38197,38199,38201,38203,38205,38208,38210,38213,38215,38218,38220,38223,38225,38227,38229],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,38196,2059],{"class":50},[44,38198,55],{"class":54},[44,38200,37480],{"class":58},[44,38202,63],{"class":62},[44,38204,37485],{"class":466},[44,38206,38207],{"class":37488}," word",[44,38209,449],{"class":62},[44,38211,38212],{"class":58}," len",[44,38214,63],{"class":62},[44,38216,38217],{"class":97},"word",[44,38219,3480],{"class":62},[44,38221,38222],{"class":54}," >",[44,38224,2287],{"class":452},[44,38226,186],{"class":62},[44,38228,5997],{"class":97},[44,38230,76],{"class":62},[44,38232,38233,38235,38237,38239,38241,38243],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,38234,82],{"class":58},[44,38236,63],{"class":62},[44,38238,7921],{"class":426},[44,38240,63],{"class":62},[44,38242,2094],{"class":97},[44,38244,434],{"class":62},[20,38246,1031],{},[35,38248,38250],{"className":37,"code":38249,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38251,38252],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38253,38254,38256,38258,38260,38262,38264,38266,38268,38270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38255,3723],{"class":62},[44,38257,476],{"class":66},[44,38259,3903],{"class":70},[44,38261,476],{"class":66},[44,38263,186],{"class":62},[44,38265,470],{"class":66},[44,38267,3912],{"class":70},[44,38269,476],{"class":66},[44,38271,3453],{"class":62},[20,38273,38274],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38276,38277,38278,504],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[491,38279,38281],{"href":38280},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[30,38283,8243,38285,38287],{"id":38284},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38286,37401],{}," with a named function",[20,38289,38290,38291,504],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38292,37485],{},[20,38294,38295],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[126,38297,38298,38301,38304],{},[129,38299,38300],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[129,38302,38303],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[129,38305,38306],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[35,38308,38310],{"className":37,"code":38309,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38311,38312,38325,38340,38344,38376,38395,38399],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38313,38314,38316,38319,38321,38323],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38315,34677],{"class":466},[44,38317,38318],{"class":34680}," is_even",[44,38320,63],{"class":62},[44,38322,2069],{"class":37488},[44,38324,8167],{"class":62},[44,38326,38327,38329,38331,38333,38335,38337],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,38328,34688],{"class":1384},[44,38330,6216],{"class":50},[44,38332,6232],{"class":54},[44,38334,2812],{"class":452},[44,38336,6237],{"class":54},[44,38338,38339],{"class":452}," 0\n",[44,38341,38342],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,38343,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,38345,38346,38348,38350,38352,38354,38356,38358,38360,38362,38364,38366,38368,38370,38372,38374],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,38347,3435],{"class":50},[44,38349,55],{"class":54},[44,38351,3440],{"class":62},[44,38353,2807],{"class":452},[44,38355,186],{"class":62},[44,38357,2812],{"class":452},[44,38359,186],{"class":62},[44,38361,2282],{"class":452},[44,38363,186],{"class":62},[44,38365,2287],{"class":452},[44,38367,186],{"class":62},[44,38369,4431],{"class":452},[44,38371,186],{"class":62},[44,38373,37469],{"class":452},[44,38375,3453],{"class":62},[44,38377,38378,38380,38382,38384,38386,38389,38391,38393],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,38379,2059],{"class":50},[44,38381,55],{"class":54},[44,38383,37480],{"class":58},[44,38385,63],{"class":62},[44,38387,38388],{"class":97},"is_even",[44,38390,186],{"class":62},[44,38392,4088],{"class":97},[44,38394,76],{"class":62},[44,38396,38397],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,38398,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,38400,38401,38403,38405,38407,38409,38411],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,38402,82],{"class":58},[44,38404,63],{"class":62},[44,38406,7921],{"class":426},[44,38408,63],{"class":62},[44,38410,2094],{"class":97},[44,38412,434],{"class":62},[20,38414,1031],{},[35,38416,38418],{"className":37,"code":38417,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38419,38420],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38421,38422,38424,38426,38428,38430,38432,38434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38423,3723],{"class":62},[44,38425,1889],{"class":452},[44,38427,186],{"class":62},[44,38429,2287],{"class":452},[44,38431,186],{"class":62},[44,38433,37469],{"class":452},[44,38435,3453],{"class":62},[20,38437,20599,38438,2228,38441,38443],{},[15,38439,38440],{},"is_even()",[15,38442,3420],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[30,38445,8243,38447,8529,38449],{"id":38446},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38448,3599],{},[15,38450,37401],{},[20,38452,38453,38454,38456],{},"You can pass ",[15,38455,3599],{}," as the first argument:",[35,38458,38460],{"className":37,"code":38459,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38461,38462],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38463,38464,38466,38468,38470,38472,38474],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38465,37427],{"class":58},[44,38467,63],{"class":62},[44,38469,3599],{"class":3674},[44,38471,186],{"class":62},[44,38473,37691],{"class":97},[44,38475,76],{"class":62},[20,38477,38478,38479,7170],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[3563,38480,5425],{},[20,38482,38483],{},"Falsy values include:",[126,38485,38486,38490,38495,38499],{},[129,38487,38488],{},[15,38489,1951],{},[129,38491,38492,38494],{},[15,38493,3594],{}," (empty string)",[129,38496,38497],{},[15,38498,3599],{},[129,38500,38501],{},[15,38502,3494],{},[20,38504,145],{},[35,38506,38508],{"className":37,"code":38507,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38509,38510,38554,38558,38576],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38511,38512,38514,38516,38518,38520,38522,38524,38526,38528,38530,38532,38534,38536,38538,38540,38542,38544,38546,38548,38550,38552],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38513,7609],{"class":50},[44,38515,55],{"class":54},[44,38517,3440],{"class":62},[44,38519,1951],{"class":452},[44,38521,186],{"class":62},[44,38523,711],{"class":452},[44,38525,186],{"class":62},[44,38527,5955],{"class":66},[44,38529,186],{"class":62},[44,38531,1438],{"class":66},[44,38533,3667],{"class":70},[44,38535,67],{"class":66},[44,38537,186],{"class":62},[44,38539,3675],{"class":3674},[44,38541,186],{"class":62},[44,38543,3739],{"class":3674},[44,38545,186],{"class":62},[44,38547,3730],{"class":3674},[44,38549,186],{"class":62},[44,38551,4431],{"class":452},[44,38553,3453],{"class":62},[44,38555,38556],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,38557,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,38559,38560,38562,38564,38566,38568,38570,38572,38574],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,38561,2059],{"class":50},[44,38563,55],{"class":54},[44,38565,37480],{"class":58},[44,38567,63],{"class":62},[44,38569,3599],{"class":3674},[44,38571,186],{"class":62},[44,38573,5795],{"class":97},[44,38575,76],{"class":62},[44,38577,38578,38580,38582,38584,38586,38588],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,38579,82],{"class":58},[44,38581,63],{"class":62},[44,38583,7921],{"class":426},[44,38585,63],{"class":62},[44,38587,2094],{"class":97},[44,38589,434],{"class":62},[20,38591,1031],{},[35,38593,38595],{"className":37,"code":38594,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38596,38597],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38598,38599,38601,38603,38605,38607,38609,38611,38613,38615,38617,38619],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38600,3723],{"class":62},[44,38602,2807],{"class":452},[44,38604,186],{"class":62},[44,38606,470],{"class":66},[44,38608,3667],{"class":70},[44,38610,476],{"class":66},[44,38612,186],{"class":62},[44,38614,3739],{"class":3674},[44,38616,186],{"class":62},[44,38618,4431],{"class":452},[44,38620,3453],{"class":62},[20,38622,38623],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[30,38625,4788,38627],{"id":38626},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38628,37401],{},[20,38630,103,38631,38633],{},[15,38632,37401],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38635,38636],{},"It works well for:",[126,38638,38639,38642,38645],{},[129,38640,38641],{},"simple filtering rules",[129,38643,38644],{},"quick data cleaning",[129,38646,38647],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38649,145],{},[35,38651,38653],{"className":37,"code":38652,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38654,38655,38687,38720,38724],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38656,38657,38659,38661,38663,38665,38667,38669,38671,38673,38675,38677,38679,38681,38683,38685],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38658,3435],{"class":50},[44,38660,55],{"class":54},[44,38662,3440],{"class":62},[44,38664,2807],{"class":452},[44,38666,186],{"class":62},[44,38668,2812],{"class":452},[44,38670,186],{"class":62},[44,38672,2282],{"class":452},[44,38674,186],{"class":62},[44,38676,2287],{"class":452},[44,38678,186],{"class":62},[44,38680,4431],{"class":452},[44,38682,186],{"class":62},[44,38684,37469],{"class":452},[44,38686,3453],{"class":62},[44,38688,38689,38692,38694,38696,38698,38700,38702,38704,38706,38708,38710,38712,38714,38716,38718],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,38690,38691],{"class":50},"evens ",[44,38693,55],{"class":54},[44,38695,37480],{"class":58},[44,38697,63],{"class":62},[44,38699,37485],{"class":466},[44,38701,37489],{"class":37488},[44,38703,449],{"class":62},[44,38705,3702],{"class":97},[44,38707,6232],{"class":54},[44,38709,2812],{"class":452},[44,38711,6237],{"class":54},[44,38713,3655],{"class":452},[44,38715,186],{"class":62},[44,38717,4088],{"class":97},[44,38719,76],{"class":62},[44,38721,38722],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,38723,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,38725,38726,38728,38730,38732,38734,38737],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,38727,82],{"class":58},[44,38729,63],{"class":62},[44,38731,7921],{"class":426},[44,38733,63],{"class":62},[44,38735,38736],{"class":97},"evens",[44,38738,434],{"class":62},[20,38740,1031],{},[35,38742,38743],{"className":37,"code":38417,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,38744,38745],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38746,38747,38749,38751,38753,38755,38757,38759],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38748,3723],{"class":62},[44,38750,1889],{"class":452},[44,38752,186],{"class":62},[44,38754,2287],{"class":452},[44,38756,186],{"class":62},[44,38758,37469],{"class":452},[44,38760,3453],{"class":62},[20,38762,38763,38764,38766],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38765,5787],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[35,38768,38770],{"className":37,"code":38769,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38771,38772,38804,38812,38816,38828,38844,38859,38863],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38773,38774,38776,38778,38780,38782,38784,38786,38788,38790,38792,38794,38796,38798,38800,38802],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38775,3435],{"class":50},[44,38777,55],{"class":54},[44,38779,3440],{"class":62},[44,38781,2807],{"class":452},[44,38783,186],{"class":62},[44,38785,2812],{"class":452},[44,38787,186],{"class":62},[44,38789,2282],{"class":452},[44,38791,186],{"class":62},[44,38793,2287],{"class":452},[44,38795,186],{"class":62},[44,38797,4431],{"class":452},[44,38799,186],{"class":62},[44,38801,37469],{"class":452},[44,38803,3453],{"class":62},[44,38805,38806,38808,38810],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,38807,38691],{"class":50},[44,38809,55],{"class":54},[44,38811,7669],{"class":62},[44,38813,38814],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,38815,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,38817,38818,38820,38822,38824,38826],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,38819,5787],{"class":1384},[44,38821,6216],{"class":50},[44,38823,3705],{"class":1384},[44,38825,4088],{"class":50},[44,38827,1388],{"class":62},[44,38829,38830,38832,38834,38836,38838,38840,38842],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,38831,6227],{"class":1384},[44,38833,6216],{"class":50},[44,38835,6232],{"class":54},[44,38837,2812],{"class":452},[44,38839,6237],{"class":54},[44,38841,3655],{"class":452},[44,38843,1388],{"class":62},[44,38845,38846,38849,38851,38853,38855,38857],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,38847,38848],{"class":50},"        evens",[44,38850,504],{"class":62},[44,38852,13379],{"class":97},[44,38854,63],{"class":62},[44,38856,2069],{"class":97},[44,38858,76],{"class":62},[44,38860,38861],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,38862,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,38864,38865,38867,38869,38871],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,38866,82],{"class":58},[44,38868,63],{"class":62},[44,38870,38736],{"class":97},[44,38872,76],{"class":62},[20,38874,1031],{},[35,38876,38877],{"className":37,"code":38417,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,38878,38879],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38880,38881,38883,38885,38887,38889,38891,38893],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38882,3723],{"class":62},[44,38884,1889],{"class":452},[44,38886,186],{"class":62},[44,38888,2287],{"class":452},[44,38890,186],{"class":62},[44,38892,37469],{"class":452},[44,38894,3453],{"class":62},[20,38896,38897],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[35,38899,38901],{"className":37,"code":38900,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38902,38903,38935,38968,38972],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38904,38905,38907,38909,38911,38913,38915,38917,38919,38921,38923,38925,38927,38929,38931,38933],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38906,3435],{"class":50},[44,38908,55],{"class":54},[44,38910,3440],{"class":62},[44,38912,2807],{"class":452},[44,38914,186],{"class":62},[44,38916,2812],{"class":452},[44,38918,186],{"class":62},[44,38920,2282],{"class":452},[44,38922,186],{"class":62},[44,38924,2287],{"class":452},[44,38926,186],{"class":62},[44,38928,4431],{"class":452},[44,38930,186],{"class":62},[44,38932,37469],{"class":452},[44,38934,3453],{"class":62},[44,38936,38937,38939,38941,38943,38945,38947,38949,38951,38954,38956,38958,38960,38962,38964,38966],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,38938,38691],{"class":50},[44,38940,55],{"class":54},[44,38942,3440],{"class":62},[44,38944,2046],{"class":50},[44,38946,5787],{"class":1384},[44,38948,6216],{"class":50},[44,38950,3705],{"class":1384},[44,38952,38953],{"class":50}," numbers ",[44,38955,6828],{"class":1384},[44,38957,6216],{"class":50},[44,38959,6232],{"class":54},[44,38961,2812],{"class":452},[44,38963,6237],{"class":54},[44,38965,3655],{"class":452},[44,38967,3453],{"class":62},[44,38969,38970],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,38971,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,38973,38974,38976,38978,38980],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,38975,82],{"class":58},[44,38977,63],{"class":62},[44,38979,38736],{"class":97},[44,38981,76],{"class":62},[20,38983,1031],{},[35,38985,38986],{"className":37,"code":38417,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,38987,38988],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38989,38990,38992,38994,38996,38998,39000,39002],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38991,3723],{"class":62},[44,38993,1889],{"class":452},[44,38995,186],{"class":62},[44,38997,2287],{"class":452},[44,38999,186],{"class":62},[44,39001,37469],{"class":452},[44,39003,3453],{"class":62},[20,39005,39006,39007,504],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[491,39008,39010],{"href":39009},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[30,39012,1486],{"id":1485},[20,39014,14560,39015,504],{},[15,39016,37401],{},[600,39018,8279,39020,39022],{"id":39019},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39021,37401],{}," to return a list",[20,39024,990],{},[35,39026,39028],{"className":37,"code":39027,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39029,39030,39072],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39031,39032,39034,39036,39038,39040,39042,39044,39046,39048,39050,39052,39054,39056,39058,39060,39062,39064,39066,39068,39070],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39033,2059],{"class":50},[44,39035,55],{"class":54},[44,39037,37480],{"class":58},[44,39039,63],{"class":62},[44,39041,37485],{"class":466},[44,39043,37489],{"class":37488},[44,39045,449],{"class":62},[44,39047,3702],{"class":97},[44,39049,4077],{"class":54},[44,39051,2812],{"class":452},[44,39053,186],{"class":62},[44,39055,3440],{"class":62},[44,39057,2807],{"class":452},[44,39059,186],{"class":62},[44,39061,2812],{"class":452},[44,39063,186],{"class":62},[44,39065,2282],{"class":452},[44,39067,186],{"class":62},[44,39069,2287],{"class":452},[44,39071,3711],{"class":62},[44,39073,39074,39076,39078,39080],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,39075,82],{"class":58},[44,39077,63],{"class":62},[44,39079,2094],{"class":97},[44,39081,76],{"class":62},[20,39083,39084],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39086,39087],{},"Fix:",[35,39089,39091],{"className":37,"code":39090,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39092,39093,39135],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39094,39095,39097,39099,39101,39103,39105,39107,39109,39111,39113,39115,39117,39119,39121,39123,39125,39127,39129,39131,39133],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39096,2059],{"class":50},[44,39098,55],{"class":54},[44,39100,37480],{"class":58},[44,39102,63],{"class":62},[44,39104,37485],{"class":466},[44,39106,37489],{"class":37488},[44,39108,449],{"class":62},[44,39110,3702],{"class":97},[44,39112,4077],{"class":54},[44,39114,2812],{"class":452},[44,39116,186],{"class":62},[44,39118,3440],{"class":62},[44,39120,2807],{"class":452},[44,39122,186],{"class":62},[44,39124,2812],{"class":452},[44,39126,186],{"class":62},[44,39128,2282],{"class":452},[44,39130,186],{"class":62},[44,39132,2287],{"class":452},[44,39134,3711],{"class":62},[44,39136,39137,39139,39141,39143,39145,39147],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,39138,82],{"class":58},[44,39140,63],{"class":62},[44,39142,7921],{"class":426},[44,39144,63],{"class":62},[44,39146,2094],{"class":97},[44,39148,434],{"class":62},[600,39150,39152,39153,497,39155,39157],{"id":39151},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39154,3420],{},[15,39156,3494],{}," clearly",[20,39159,39160],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39162,39163],{},"Good example:",[35,39165,39167],{"className":37,"code":39166,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39168,39169,39182],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39170,39171,39173,39176,39178,39180],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39172,34677],{"class":466},[44,39174,39175],{"class":34680}," is_positive",[44,39177,63],{"class":62},[44,39179,2069],{"class":37488},[44,39181,8167],{"class":62},[44,39183,39184,39186,39188,39190],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,39185,34688],{"class":1384},[44,39187,6216],{"class":50},[44,39189,4077],{"class":54},[44,39191,38339],{"class":452},[20,39193,39194],{},"Then use it with:",[35,39196,39198],{"className":37,"code":39197,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39199,39200,39232],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39201,39202,39204,39206,39208,39210,39212,39214,39216,39218,39220,39222,39224,39226,39228,39230],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39203,3435],{"class":50},[44,39205,55],{"class":54},[44,39207,3440],{"class":62},[44,39209,1854],{"class":54},[44,39211,1889],{"class":452},[44,39213,186],{"class":62},[44,39215,2051],{"class":54},[44,39217,2807],{"class":452},[44,39219,186],{"class":62},[44,39221,3655],{"class":452},[44,39223,186],{"class":62},[44,39225,711],{"class":452},[44,39227,186],{"class":62},[44,39229,2812],{"class":452},[44,39231,3453],{"class":62},[44,39233,39234,39236,39238,39240,39242,39244,39246,39249,39251,39253],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,39235,82],{"class":58},[44,39237,63],{"class":62},[44,39239,7921],{"class":426},[44,39241,63],{"class":62},[44,39243,37427],{"class":58},[44,39245,63],{"class":62},[44,39247,39248],{"class":97},"is_positive",[44,39250,186],{"class":62},[44,39252,4088],{"class":97},[44,39254,2731],{"class":62},[20,39256,1031],{},[35,39258,39260],{"className":37,"code":39259,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39261,39262],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39263,39264,39266,39268,39270,39272],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39265,3723],{"class":62},[44,39267,2807],{"class":452},[44,39269,186],{"class":62},[44,39271,2812],{"class":452},[44,39273,3453],{"class":62},[600,39275,39277],{"id":39276},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39279,39280],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[35,39282,39283],{"className":37,"code":38023,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,39284,39285,39327,39331,39345],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39286,39287,39289,39291,39293,39295,39297,39299,39301,39303,39305,39307,39309,39311,39313,39315,39317,39319,39321,39323,39325],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39288,2059],{"class":50},[44,39290,55],{"class":54},[44,39292,37480],{"class":58},[44,39294,63],{"class":62},[44,39296,37485],{"class":466},[44,39298,37489],{"class":37488},[44,39300,449],{"class":62},[44,39302,3702],{"class":97},[44,39304,4077],{"class":54},[44,39306,2812],{"class":452},[44,39308,186],{"class":62},[44,39310,3440],{"class":62},[44,39312,2807],{"class":452},[44,39314,186],{"class":62},[44,39316,2812],{"class":452},[44,39318,186],{"class":62},[44,39320,2282],{"class":452},[44,39322,186],{"class":62},[44,39324,2287],{"class":452},[44,39326,3711],{"class":62},[44,39328,39329],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,39330,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,39332,39333,39335,39337,39339,39341,39343],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,39334,82],{"class":58},[44,39336,63],{"class":62},[44,39338,7921],{"class":426},[44,39340,63],{"class":62},[44,39342,2094],{"class":97},[44,39344,434],{"class":62},[44,39346,39347,39349,39351,39353,39355,39357],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,39348,82],{"class":58},[44,39350,63],{"class":62},[44,39352,7921],{"class":426},[44,39354,63],{"class":62},[44,39356,2094],{"class":97},[44,39358,434],{"class":62},[20,39360,1031],{},[35,39362,39363],{"className":37,"code":38104,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,39364,39365,39377],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39366,39367,39369,39371,39373,39375],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39368,3723],{"class":62},[44,39370,1894],{"class":452},[44,39372,186],{"class":62},[44,39374,2287],{"class":452},[44,39376,3453],{"class":62},[44,39378,39379],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,39380,38123],{"class":62},[20,39382,39383],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[35,39385,39387],{"className":37,"code":39386,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39388,39389,39435,39439,39449],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39390,39391,39393,39395,39397,39399,39401,39403,39405,39407,39409,39411,39413,39415,39417,39419,39421,39423,39425,39427,39429,39431,39433],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39392,2059],{"class":50},[44,39394,55],{"class":54},[44,39396,22388],{"class":426},[44,39398,63],{"class":62},[44,39400,37427],{"class":58},[44,39402,63],{"class":62},[44,39404,37485],{"class":466},[44,39406,37489],{"class":37488},[44,39408,449],{"class":62},[44,39410,3702],{"class":97},[44,39412,4077],{"class":54},[44,39414,2812],{"class":452},[44,39416,186],{"class":62},[44,39418,3440],{"class":62},[44,39420,2807],{"class":452},[44,39422,186],{"class":62},[44,39424,2812],{"class":452},[44,39426,186],{"class":62},[44,39428,2282],{"class":452},[44,39430,186],{"class":62},[44,39432,2287],{"class":452},[44,39434,2819],{"class":62},[44,39436,39437],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,39438,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,39440,39441,39443,39445,39447],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,39442,82],{"class":58},[44,39444,63],{"class":62},[44,39446,2094],{"class":97},[44,39448,76],{"class":62},[44,39450,39451,39453,39455,39457],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,39452,82],{"class":58},[44,39454,63],{"class":62},[44,39456,2094],{"class":97},[44,39458,76],{"class":62},[600,39460,39462],{"id":39461},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39464,39465],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39467,16472],{},[35,39469,39471],{"className":37,"code":39470,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39472,39473],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39474,39475],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39476,39470],{"class":3483},[20,39478,39479,39480,6381],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39481,2161],{},[20,39483,16484],{},[35,39485,39487],{"className":37,"code":39486,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39488,39489],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39490,39491,39493,39495,39497,39499,39501,39503,39505,39507,39509,39511,39513,39515,39517,39519,39521,39523,39525,39527,39529,39531,39533],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39492,82],{"class":58},[44,39494,63],{"class":62},[44,39496,7921],{"class":426},[44,39498,63],{"class":62},[44,39500,37427],{"class":58},[44,39502,63],{"class":62},[44,39504,37485],{"class":466},[44,39506,37489],{"class":37488},[44,39508,449],{"class":62},[44,39510,3702],{"class":97},[44,39512,4077],{"class":54},[44,39514,2812],{"class":452},[44,39516,186],{"class":62},[44,39518,3440],{"class":62},[44,39520,2807],{"class":452},[44,39522,186],{"class":62},[44,39524,2812],{"class":452},[44,39526,186],{"class":62},[44,39528,2282],{"class":452},[44,39530,186],{"class":62},[44,39532,2287],{"class":452},[44,39534,37091],{"class":62},[600,39536,37030,39538,8529,39540],{"id":39537},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39539,37401],{},[15,39541,39542],{},"map()",[126,39544,39545,39550],{},[129,39546,39547,39549],{},[15,39548,37401],{}," keeps or removes items",[129,39551,39552,39554],{},[15,39553,39542],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39556,39557,39558,449],{},"Example of ",[15,39559,37401],{},[35,39561,39563],{"className":37,"code":39562,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39564,39565,39589],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39566,39567,39569,39571,39573,39575,39577,39579,39581,39583,39585,39587],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39568,3435],{"class":50},[44,39570,55],{"class":54},[44,39572,3440],{"class":62},[44,39574,2807],{"class":452},[44,39576,186],{"class":62},[44,39578,2812],{"class":452},[44,39580,186],{"class":62},[44,39582,2282],{"class":452},[44,39584,186],{"class":62},[44,39586,2287],{"class":452},[44,39588,3453],{"class":62},[44,39590,39591,39593,39595,39597,39599,39601,39603,39605,39607,39609,39611,39613,39615,39617,39619],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,39592,82],{"class":58},[44,39594,63],{"class":62},[44,39596,7921],{"class":426},[44,39598,63],{"class":62},[44,39600,37427],{"class":58},[44,39602,63],{"class":62},[44,39604,37485],{"class":466},[44,39606,37489],{"class":37488},[44,39608,449],{"class":62},[44,39610,3702],{"class":97},[44,39612,4077],{"class":54},[44,39614,2812],{"class":452},[44,39616,186],{"class":62},[44,39618,4088],{"class":97},[44,39620,2731],{"class":62},[20,39622,1031],{},[35,39624,39626],{"className":37,"code":39625,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39627,39628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39629,39630,39632,39634,39636,39638],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39631,3723],{"class":62},[44,39633,1894],{"class":452},[44,39635,186],{"class":62},[44,39637,2287],{"class":452},[44,39639,3453],{"class":62},[20,39641,39557,39642,449],{},[15,39643,39542],{},[35,39645,39647],{"className":37,"code":39646,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39648,39649,39673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39650,39651,39653,39655,39657,39659,39661,39663,39665,39667,39669,39671],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39652,3435],{"class":50},[44,39654,55],{"class":54},[44,39656,3440],{"class":62},[44,39658,2807],{"class":452},[44,39660,186],{"class":62},[44,39662,2812],{"class":452},[44,39664,186],{"class":62},[44,39666,2282],{"class":452},[44,39668,186],{"class":62},[44,39670,2287],{"class":452},[44,39672,3453],{"class":62},[44,39674,39675,39677,39679,39681,39683,39686,39688,39690,39692,39694,39696,39699,39701,39703,39705],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,39676,82],{"class":58},[44,39678,63],{"class":62},[44,39680,7921],{"class":426},[44,39682,63],{"class":62},[44,39684,39685],{"class":58},"map",[44,39687,63],{"class":62},[44,39689,37485],{"class":466},[44,39691,37489],{"class":37488},[44,39693,449],{"class":62},[44,39695,3702],{"class":97},[44,39697,39698],{"class":54},"*",[44,39700,2812],{"class":452},[44,39702,186],{"class":62},[44,39704,4088],{"class":97},[44,39706,2731],{"class":62},[20,39708,1031],{},[35,39710,39712],{"className":37,"code":39711,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39713,39714],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39715,39716,39718,39720,39722,39724,39726,39728,39730,39732],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39717,3723],{"class":62},[44,39719,1889],{"class":452},[44,39721,186],{"class":62},[44,39723,2287],{"class":452},[44,39725,186],{"class":62},[44,39727,37469],{"class":452},[44,39729,186],{"class":62},[44,39731,6189],{"class":452},[44,39733,3453],{"class":62},[20,39735,39736,39737,504],{},"For the related function, see ",[491,39738,13,39740,1738],{"href":39739},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39741,39542],{},[30,39743,1651],{"id":1650},[600,39745,1655,39747,39749],{"id":39746},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39748,37401],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39751,39752,39753,1667],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39754,24610],{},[600,39756,39758,39759,39761],{"id":39757},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39760,37401],{}," need to return?",[20,39763,37708,39764,39766,39767,39769],{},[15,39765,3420],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39768,3494],{}," to remove it.",[600,39771,28159,39773,39775],{"id":39772},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39774,37401],{}," without lambda?",[20,39777,39778],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[600,39780,4970,39782,39785],{"id":39781},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39783,39784],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39787,39788,39789,39791,39792,16901,39794,504],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39790,1951],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39793,3599],{},[15,39795,3494],{},[600,39797,21249,39799,39801],{"id":39798},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,39800,37401],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,39803,39804,39805,39807],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,39806,5787],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,39809,39810],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[126,39812,39813,39819,39825],{},[129,39814,39815,39816,39818],{},"use ",[15,39817,37401],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[129,39820,39821,39822,39824],{},"use a ",[15,39823,5787],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[129,39826,39827],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,39829,39830,39831,504],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[491,39832,4960],{"href":39833},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[30,39835,1719],{"id":1718},[126,39837,39838,39843,39847,39852,39858],{},[129,39839,39840],{},[491,39841,39842],{"href":38280},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[129,39844,39845],{},[491,39846,5049],{"href":39833},[129,39848,39849],{},[491,39850,39851],{"href":39009},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[129,39853,39854],{},[491,39855,13,39856,1738],{"href":39739},[15,39857,39542],{},[129,39859,39860],{},[491,39861,5044],{"href":5415},[1758,39863,39864],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":39866},[39867,39868,39870,39874,39877,39879,39881,39883,39885,39895,39907],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":37535,"depth":79,"text":39869},"What filter() does",{"id":37669,"depth":79,"text":37670,"children":39871},[39872,39873],{"id":37686,"depth":419,"text":37686},{"id":3540,"depth":419,"text":3540},{"id":37845,"depth":79,"text":37846,"children":39875},[39876],{"id":38016,"depth":419,"text":38017},{"id":38129,"depth":79,"text":39878},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38284,"depth":79,"text":39880},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38446,"depth":79,"text":39882},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38626,"depth":79,"text":39884},"When to use filter()",{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486,"children":39886},[39887,39889,39891,39892,39893],{"id":39019,"depth":419,"text":39888},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39151,"depth":419,"text":39890},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39276,"depth":419,"text":39277},{"id":39461,"depth":419,"text":39462},{"id":39537,"depth":419,"text":39894},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":39896},[39897,39899,39901,39903,39905],{"id":39746,"depth":419,"text":39898},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39757,"depth":419,"text":39900},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39772,"depth":419,"text":39902},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39781,"depth":419,"text":39904},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39798,"depth":419,"text":39906},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37393,"description":39908},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39915,"title":39916,"body":39917,"description":42058,"extension":1796,"meta":42059,"navigation":807,"path":42060,"seo":42061,"stem":42062,"__hash__":42063},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39918,"toc":42012},[39919,39922,39927,39933,39935,39987,39989,40008,40013,40017,40022,40025,40040,40043,40065,40067,40116,40118,40142,40144,40146,40161,40166,40174,40189,40191,40200,40203,40238,40242,40247,40251,40258,40293,40295,40311,40315,40318,40359,40361,40375,40379,40382,40406,40408,40417,40421,40424,40457,40459,40472,40476,40482,40501,40503,40511,40515,40520,40524,40529,40552,40554,40583,40586,40605,40609,40612,40639,40641,40675,40679,40682,40706,40710,40721,40723,40728,40734,40736,40820,40822,40864,40867,40871,40878,40887,40943,40949,40958,40963,40967,41037,41039,41048,41052,41055,41099,41101,41110,41114,41120,41170,41174,41179,41183,41207,41209,41218,41222,41246,41248,41259,41263,41287,41289,41298,41301,41318,41324,41328,41334,41337,41342,41345,41365,41367,41399,41402,41407,41409,41420,41422,41466,41470,41477,41529,41531,41540,41544,41547,41639,41642,41663,41667,41670,41760,41765,41769,41776,41781,41805,41807,41816,41821,41844,41846,41854,41861,41884,41892,41894,41907,41917,41919,41923,41930,41934,41943,41947,41954,41958,41962,41966,41978,41980,42009],[10,39920,39916],{"id":39921},"python-float-function-explained",[20,39923,8945,39924,39926],{},[15,39925,503],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,39928,39929,39930,39932],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,39931,503],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[30,39934,33],{"id":32},[35,39936,39938],{"className":37,"code":39937,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,39939,39940,39954,39973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39941,39942,39944,39946,39948,39950,39952],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39943,82],{"class":58},[44,39945,63],{"class":62},[44,39947,2021],{"class":426},[44,39949,63],{"class":62},[44,39951,1129],{"class":452},[44,39953,434],{"class":62},[44,39955,39956,39958,39960,39962,39964,39966,39969,39971],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,39957,82],{"class":58},[44,39959,63],{"class":62},[44,39961,2021],{"class":426},[44,39963,63],{"class":62},[44,39965,67],{"class":66},[44,39967,39968],{"class":70},"3.14",[44,39970,67],{"class":66},[44,39972,434],{"class":62},[44,39974,39975,39977,39979,39981,39983,39985],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,39976,82],{"class":58},[44,39978,63],{"class":62},[44,39980,2021],{"class":426},[44,39982,63],{"class":62},[44,39984,3420],{"class":3674},[44,39986,434],{"class":62},[20,39988,1031],{},[35,39990,39992],{"className":37,"code":39991,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,39993,39994,39998,40003],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39995,39996],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39997,2309],{"class":452},[44,39999,40000],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,40001,40002],{"class":452},"3.14\n",[44,40004,40005],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,40006,40007],{"class":452},"1.0\n",[20,40009,103,40010,40012],{},[15,40011,503],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[30,40014,40016],{"id":40015},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40018,40019,40021],{},[15,40020,503],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40023,40024],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[126,40026,40027,40031,40035],{},[129,40028,40029],{},[15,40030,2321],{},[129,40032,40033],{},[15,40034,39968],{},[129,40036,40037],{},[15,40038,40039],{},"0.5",[20,40041,40042],{},"A few key points:",[126,40044,40045,40052,40055,40058],{},[129,40046,40047,40049,40050],{},[15,40048,503],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40051,2021],{},[129,40053,40054],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[129,40056,40057],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[129,40059,40060,40061],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[491,40062,40063],{"href":8047},[15,40064,17],{},[20,40066,145],{},[35,40068,40070],{"className":37,"code":40069,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40071,40072,40092,40102],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40073,40074,40076,40078,40081,40083,40085,40088,40090],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40075,2046],{"class":50},[44,40077,55],{"class":54},[44,40079,40080],{"class":426}," float",[44,40082,63],{"class":62},[44,40084,67],{"class":66},[44,40086,40087],{"class":70},"2.75",[44,40089,67],{"class":66},[44,40091,76],{"class":62},[44,40093,40094,40096,40098,40100],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,40095,82],{"class":58},[44,40097,63],{"class":62},[44,40099,2069],{"class":97},[44,40101,76],{"class":62},[44,40103,40104,40106,40108,40110,40112,40114],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,40105,82],{"class":58},[44,40107,63],{"class":62},[44,40109,427],{"class":426},[44,40111,63],{"class":62},[44,40113,2069],{"class":97},[44,40115,434],{"class":62},[20,40117,1031],{},[35,40119,40121],{"className":37,"code":40120,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40122,40123,40128],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40124,40125],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40126,40127],{"class":452},"2.75\n",[44,40129,40130,40132,40134,40136,40138,40140],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,40131,463],{"class":54},[44,40133,467],{"class":466},[44,40135,470],{"class":66},[44,40137,2021],{"class":70},[44,40139,476],{"class":66},[44,40141,479],{"class":54},[30,40143,250],{"id":249},[20,40145,253],{},[35,40147,40149],{"className":37,"code":40148,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"float(value)\n",[15,40150,40151],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40152,40153,40155,40157,40159],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40154,2021],{"class":426},[44,40156,63],{"class":62},[44,40158,354],{"class":97},[44,40160,76],{"class":62},[20,40162,40163,40164,504],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40165,503],{},[20,40167,40168,40169,40171,40172,449],{},"If you call ",[15,40170,503],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40173,3589],{},[35,40175,40177],{"className":37,"code":40176,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float())\n",[15,40178,40179],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40180,40181,40183,40185,40187],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40182,82],{"class":58},[44,40184,63],{"class":62},[44,40186,2021],{"class":426},[44,40188,7025],{"class":62},[20,40190,1031],{},[35,40192,40194],{"className":37,"code":40193,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0.0\n",[15,40195,40196],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40197,40198],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40199,40193],{"class":452},[20,40201,40202],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[35,40204,40206],{"className":37,"code":40205,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40207,40208,40228],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40209,40210,40213,40215,40217,40219,40221,40224,40226],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40211,40212],{"class":50},"price ",[44,40214,55],{"class":54},[44,40216,40080],{"class":426},[44,40218,63],{"class":62},[44,40220,67],{"class":66},[44,40222,40223],{"class":70},"19.99",[44,40225,67],{"class":66},[44,40227,76],{"class":62},[44,40229,40230,40232,40234,40236],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,40231,82],{"class":58},[44,40233,63],{"class":62},[44,40235,24979],{"class":97},[44,40237,76],{"class":62},[30,40239,40241],{"id":40240},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40243,40244,40246],{},[15,40245,503],{}," can convert several common value types.",[600,40248,40250],{"id":40249},"integers","Integers",[20,40252,40253,40254,40257],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40255,40256],{},".0"," added:",[35,40259,40261],{"className":37,"code":40260,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40262,40263,40277],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40264,40265,40267,40269,40271,40273,40275],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40266,82],{"class":58},[44,40268,63],{"class":62},[44,40270,2021],{"class":426},[44,40272,63],{"class":62},[44,40274,1129],{"class":452},[44,40276,434],{"class":62},[44,40278,40279,40281,40283,40285,40287,40289,40291],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,40280,82],{"class":58},[44,40282,63],{"class":62},[44,40284,2021],{"class":426},[44,40286,63],{"class":62},[44,40288,1854],{"class":54},[44,40290,1889],{"class":452},[44,40292,434],{"class":62},[20,40294,1031],{},[35,40296,40298],{"className":37,"code":40297,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40299,40300,40304],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40301,40302],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40303,2309],{"class":452},[44,40305,40306,40308],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,40307,1854],{"class":54},[44,40309,40310],{"class":452},"2.0\n",[600,40312,40314],{"id":40313},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40316,40317],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[35,40319,40321],{"className":37,"code":40320,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40322,40323,40341],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40324,40325,40327,40329,40331,40333,40335,40337,40339],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40326,82],{"class":58},[44,40328,63],{"class":62},[44,40330,2021],{"class":426},[44,40332,63],{"class":62},[44,40334,67],{"class":66},[44,40336,39968],{"class":70},[44,40338,67],{"class":66},[44,40340,434],{"class":62},[44,40342,40343,40345,40347,40349,40351,40353,40355,40357],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,40344,82],{"class":58},[44,40346,63],{"class":62},[44,40348,2021],{"class":426},[44,40350,63],{"class":62},[44,40352,67],{"class":66},[44,40354,2161],{"class":70},[44,40356,67],{"class":66},[44,40358,434],{"class":62},[20,40360,1031],{},[35,40362,40364],{"className":37,"code":40363,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40365,40366,40370],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40367,40368],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40369,40002],{"class":452},[44,40371,40372],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,40373,40374],{"class":452},"10.0\n",[600,40376,40378],{"id":40377},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40380,40381],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[35,40383,40385],{"className":37,"code":40384,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40386,40387],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40388,40389,40391,40393,40395,40397,40399,40402,40404],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40390,82],{"class":58},[44,40392,63],{"class":62},[44,40394,2021],{"class":426},[44,40396,63],{"class":62},[44,40398,67],{"class":66},[44,40400,40401],{"class":70},"  8.5  ",[44,40403,67],{"class":66},[44,40405,434],{"class":62},[20,40407,1031],{},[35,40409,40411],{"className":37,"code":40410,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8.5\n",[15,40412,40413],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40414,40415],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40416,40410],{"class":452},[600,40418,40420],{"id":40419},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40422,40423],{},"Boolean values also work:",[35,40425,40427],{"className":37,"code":40426,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40428,40429,40443],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40430,40431,40433,40435,40437,40439,40441],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40432,82],{"class":58},[44,40434,63],{"class":62},[44,40436,2021],{"class":426},[44,40438,63],{"class":62},[44,40440,3420],{"class":3674},[44,40442,434],{"class":62},[44,40444,40445,40447,40449,40451,40453,40455],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,40446,82],{"class":58},[44,40448,63],{"class":62},[44,40450,2021],{"class":426},[44,40452,63],{"class":62},[44,40454,3494],{"class":3674},[44,40456,434],{"class":62},[20,40458,1031],{},[35,40460,40462],{"className":37,"code":40461,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40463,40464,40468],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40465,40466],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40467,40007],{"class":452},[44,40469,40470],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,40471,40193],{"class":452},[600,40473,40475],{"id":40474},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40477,40478,40479,40481],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40480,503],{}," returns a float version of it:",[35,40483,40485],{"className":37,"code":40484,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40486,40487],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40488,40489,40491,40493,40495,40497,40499],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40490,82],{"class":58},[44,40492,63],{"class":62},[44,40494,2021],{"class":426},[44,40496,63],{"class":62},[44,40498,2193],{"class":452},[44,40500,434],{"class":62},[20,40502,1031],{},[35,40504,40505],{"className":37,"code":2217,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,40506,40507],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40508,40509],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40510,2217],{"class":452},[30,40512,40514],{"id":40513},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40516,40517,40518,504],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40519,503],{},[600,40521,40523],{"id":40522},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40525,40526,40527,449],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40528,1144],{},[35,40530,40532],{"className":37,"code":40531,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40533,40534],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40535,40536,40538,40540,40542,40544,40546,40548,40550],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40537,82],{"class":58},[44,40539,63],{"class":62},[44,40541,2021],{"class":426},[44,40543,63],{"class":62},[44,40545,67],{"class":66},[44,40547,3667],{"class":70},[44,40549,67],{"class":66},[44,40551,434],{"class":62},[20,40553,29511],{},[35,40555,40557],{"className":37,"code":40556,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40558,40559],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40560,40561,40563,40565,40568,40570,40573,40575,40577,40579,40581],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40562,1144],{"class":426},[44,40564,449],{"class":62},[44,40566,40567],{"class":50}," could ",[44,40569,4457],{"class":54},[44,40571,40572],{"class":50}," convert string to ",[44,40574,2021],{"class":426},[44,40576,449],{"class":62},[44,40578,470],{"class":66},[44,40580,3667],{"class":70},[44,40582,29530],{"class":66},[20,40584,40585],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[35,40587,40589],{"className":37,"code":40588,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40590,40591],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40592,40593,40595,40597,40599,40601,40603],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40594,82],{"class":58},[44,40596,63],{"class":62},[44,40598,2021],{"class":426},[44,40600,63],{"class":62},[44,40602,6101],{"class":66},[44,40604,434],{"class":62},[600,40606,40608],{"id":40607},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40610,40611],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[35,40613,40615],{"className":37,"code":40614,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40616,40617],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40618,40619,40621,40623,40625,40627,40629,40631,40633,40635,40637],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40620,82],{"class":58},[44,40622,63],{"class":62},[44,40624,2021],{"class":426},[44,40626,2804],{"class":62},[44,40628,2807],{"class":452},[44,40630,186],{"class":62},[44,40632,2812],{"class":452},[44,40634,186],{"class":62},[44,40636,2282],{"class":452},[44,40638,2819],{"class":62},[20,40640,29511],{},[35,40642,40644],{"className":37,"code":40643,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40645,40646],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40647,40648,40650,40652,40654,40656,40659,40662,40665,40667,40669,40671,40673],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40649,2825],{"class":426},[44,40651,449],{"class":62},[44,40653,40080],{"class":426},[44,40655,7196],{"class":62},[44,40657,40658],{"class":50}," argument must be a string ",[44,40660,40661],{"class":54},"or",[44,40663,40664],{"class":50}," a real number",[44,40666,186],{"class":62},[44,40668,7927],{"class":54},[44,40670,470],{"class":66},[44,40672,7921],{"class":70},[44,40674,29530],{"class":66},[600,40676,40678],{"id":40677},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40680,40681],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[35,40683,40685],{"className":37,"code":40684,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40686,40687],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40688,40689,40691,40693,40695,40697,40699,40702,40704],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40690,82],{"class":58},[44,40692,63],{"class":62},[44,40694,2021],{"class":426},[44,40696,63],{"class":62},[44,40698,67],{"class":66},[44,40700,40701],{"class":70},"3,14",[44,40703,67],{"class":66},[44,40705,434],{"class":62},[20,40707,2822,40708,504],{},[15,40709,1144],{},[20,40711,40712,40713,1126,40717,504],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[491,40714,40716],{"href":40715},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[491,40718,40720],{"href":40719},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[30,40722,17248],{"id":17247},[20,40724,40725,40727],{},[15,40726,503],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40729,40730,40731,40733],{},"It does ",[3563,40732,4457],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40735,145],{},[35,40737,40739],{"className":37,"code":40738,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40740,40741,40754,40768,40772,40782,40792,40806],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40742,40743,40745,40747,40749,40752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40744,34514],{"class":50},[44,40746,55],{"class":54},[44,40748,1438],{"class":66},[44,40750,40751],{"class":70},"6.5",[44,40753,3176],{"class":66},[44,40755,40756,40758,40760,40762,40764,40766],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,40757,2046],{"class":50},[44,40759,55],{"class":54},[44,40761,40080],{"class":426},[44,40763,63],{"class":62},[44,40765,34535],{"class":97},[44,40767,76],{"class":62},[44,40769,40770],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,40771,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,40773,40774,40776,40778,40780],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,40775,82],{"class":58},[44,40777,63],{"class":62},[44,40779,34535],{"class":97},[44,40781,76],{"class":62},[44,40783,40784,40786,40788,40790],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,40785,82],{"class":58},[44,40787,63],{"class":62},[44,40789,2069],{"class":97},[44,40791,76],{"class":62},[44,40793,40794,40796,40798,40800,40802,40804],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,40795,82],{"class":58},[44,40797,63],{"class":62},[44,40799,427],{"class":426},[44,40801,63],{"class":62},[44,40803,34535],{"class":97},[44,40805,434],{"class":62},[44,40807,40808,40810,40812,40814,40816,40818],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,40809,82],{"class":58},[44,40811,63],{"class":62},[44,40813,427],{"class":426},[44,40815,63],{"class":62},[44,40817,2069],{"class":97},[44,40819,434],{"class":62},[20,40821,1031],{},[35,40823,40825],{"className":37,"code":40824,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40826,40827,40832,40836,40850],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40828,40829],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40830,40831],{"class":452},"6.5\n",[44,40833,40834],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,40835,40831],{"class":452},[44,40837,40838,40840,40842,40844,40846,40848],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,40839,463],{"class":54},[44,40841,467],{"class":466},[44,40843,470],{"class":66},[44,40845,473],{"class":70},[44,40847,476],{"class":66},[44,40849,479],{"class":54},[44,40851,40852,40854,40856,40858,40860,40862],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,40853,463],{"class":54},[44,40855,467],{"class":466},[44,40857,470],{"class":66},[44,40859,2021],{"class":70},[44,40861,476],{"class":66},[44,40863,479],{"class":54},[20,40865,40866],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[30,40868,40870],{"id":40869},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[600,40872,40874,40875,40877],{"id":40873},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,40876,17],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,40879,22,40880,40884,40885,504],{},[491,40881,40882,2133],{"href":8047},[15,40883,17],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,40886,503],{},[35,40888,40890],{"className":37,"code":40889,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,40891,40892,40911,40925,40929],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40893,40894,40896,40898,40900,40902,40904,40907,40909],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40895,8064],{"class":50},[44,40897,55],{"class":54},[44,40899,59],{"class":58},[44,40901,63],{"class":62},[44,40903,67],{"class":66},[44,40905,40906],{"class":70},"Enter a price: ",[44,40908,67],{"class":66},[44,40910,76],{"class":62},[44,40912,40913,40915,40917,40919,40921,40923],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,40914,40212],{"class":50},[44,40916,55],{"class":54},[44,40918,40080],{"class":426},[44,40920,63],{"class":62},[44,40922,8092],{"class":97},[44,40924,76],{"class":62},[44,40926,40927],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,40928,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,40930,40931,40933,40935,40937,40939,40941],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,40932,82],{"class":58},[44,40934,63],{"class":62},[44,40936,40212],{"class":97},[44,40938,39698],{"class":54},[44,40940,2812],{"class":452},[44,40942,76],{"class":62},[20,40944,1122,40945,40948],{},[15,40946,40947],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[35,40950,40952],{"className":37,"code":40951,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"9.0\n",[15,40953,40954],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40955,40956],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40957,40951],{"class":452},[20,40959,40960,40961,504],{},"For more help with this, see ",[491,40962,729],{"href":728},[600,40964,40966],{"id":40965},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[35,40968,40970],{"className":37,"code":40969,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,40971,40972,40985,40998,41002,41026],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40973,40974,40976,40978,40980,40983],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40975,1070],{"class":50},[44,40977,55],{"class":54},[44,40979,1438],{"class":66},[44,40981,40982],{"class":70},"2.5",[44,40984,3176],{"class":66},[44,40986,40987,40989,40991,40993,40996],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,40988,1089],{"class":50},[44,40990,55],{"class":54},[44,40992,1438],{"class":66},[44,40994,40995],{"class":70},"1.5",[44,40997,3176],{"class":66},[44,40999,41000],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,41001,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,41003,41004,41006,41008,41010,41012,41014,41016,41018,41020,41022,41024],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,41005,791],{"class":50},[44,41007,55],{"class":54},[44,41009,40080],{"class":426},[44,41011,63],{"class":62},[44,41013,491],{"class":97},[44,41015,3480],{"class":62},[44,41017,94],{"class":54},[44,41019,40080],{"class":426},[44,41021,63],{"class":62},[44,41023,4587],{"class":97},[44,41025,76],{"class":62},[44,41027,41028,41030,41032,41035],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,41029,82],{"class":58},[44,41031,63],{"class":62},[44,41033,41034],{"class":97},"total",[44,41036,76],{"class":62},[20,41038,1031],{},[35,41040,41042],{"className":37,"code":41041,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4.0\n",[15,41043,41044],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41045,41046],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41047,41041],{"class":452},[600,41049,41051],{"id":41050},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41053,41054],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[35,41056,41058],{"className":37,"code":41057,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41059,41060,41070,41085,41089],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41061,41062,41065,41067],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41063,41064],{"class":50},"count ",[44,41066,55],{"class":54},[44,41068,41069],{"class":452}," 7\n",[44,41071,41072,41074,41076,41078,41080,41083],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,41073,2059],{"class":50},[44,41075,55],{"class":54},[44,41077,40080],{"class":426},[44,41079,63],{"class":62},[44,41081,41082],{"class":97},"count",[44,41084,76],{"class":62},[44,41086,41087],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,41088,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,41090,41091,41093,41095,41097],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,41092,82],{"class":58},[44,41094,63],{"class":62},[44,41096,2094],{"class":97},[44,41098,76],{"class":62},[20,41100,1031],{},[35,41102,41104],{"className":37,"code":41103,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7.0\n",[15,41105,41106],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41107,41108],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41109,41103],{"class":452},[600,41111,41113],{"id":41112},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41115,41116,41117,41119],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41118,503],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[35,41121,41123],{"className":37,"code":41122,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41124,41125,41139,41155,41159],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41126,41127,41130,41132,41134,41137],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41128,41129],{"class":50},"temperature_text ",[44,41131,55],{"class":54},[44,41133,1438],{"class":66},[44,41135,41136],{"class":70},"21.8",[44,41138,3176],{"class":66},[44,41140,41141,41144,41146,41148,41150,41153],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,41142,41143],{"class":50},"temperature ",[44,41145,55],{"class":54},[44,41147,40080],{"class":426},[44,41149,63],{"class":62},[44,41151,41152],{"class":97},"temperature_text",[44,41154,76],{"class":62},[44,41156,41157],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,41158,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,41160,41161,41163,41165,41168],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,41162,82],{"class":58},[44,41164,63],{"class":62},[44,41166,41167],{"class":97},"temperature",[44,41169,76],{"class":62},[30,41171,41173],{"id":41172},"special-values","Special values",[20,41175,41176,41178],{},[15,41177,503],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[600,41180,41182],{"id":41181},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[35,41184,41186],{"className":37,"code":41185,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41187,41188],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41189,41190,41192,41194,41196,41198,41200,41203,41205],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41191,82],{"class":58},[44,41193,63],{"class":62},[44,41195,2021],{"class":426},[44,41197,63],{"class":62},[44,41199,67],{"class":66},[44,41201,41202],{"class":70},"inf",[44,41204,67],{"class":66},[44,41206,434],{"class":62},[20,41208,1031],{},[35,41210,41212],{"className":37,"code":41211,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"inf\n",[15,41213,41214],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41215,41216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41217,41211],{"class":50},[600,41219,41221],{"id":41220},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[35,41223,41225],{"className":37,"code":41224,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41226,41227],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41228,41229,41231,41233,41235,41237,41239,41242,41244],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41230,82],{"class":58},[44,41232,63],{"class":62},[44,41234,2021],{"class":426},[44,41236,63],{"class":62},[44,41238,67],{"class":66},[44,41240,41241],{"class":70},"-inf",[44,41243,67],{"class":66},[44,41245,434],{"class":62},[20,41247,1031],{},[35,41249,41251],{"className":37,"code":41250,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-inf\n",[15,41252,41253],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41254,41255,41257],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41256,1854],{"class":54},[44,41258,41211],{"class":50},[600,41260,41262],{"id":41261},"not-a-number","Not a number",[35,41264,41266],{"className":37,"code":41265,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41267,41268],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41269,41270,41272,41274,41276,41278,41280,41283,41285],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41271,82],{"class":58},[44,41273,63],{"class":62},[44,41275,2021],{"class":426},[44,41277,63],{"class":62},[44,41279,67],{"class":66},[44,41281,41282],{"class":70},"nan",[44,41284,67],{"class":66},[44,41286,434],{"class":62},[20,41288,1031],{},[35,41290,41292],{"className":37,"code":41291,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nan\n",[15,41293,41294],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41295,41296],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41297,41291],{"class":50},[20,41299,41300],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[126,41302,41303,41308,41313],{},[129,41304,41305,41307],{},[15,41306,41202],{}," means positive infinity",[129,41309,41310,41312],{},[15,41311,41241],{}," means negative infinity",[129,41314,41315,41317],{},[15,41316,41282],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41319,41320,41321,41323],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41322,503],{}," accepts them.",[30,41325,41327],{"id":41326},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41329,41330,41331,41333],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41332,503],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[600,41335,1144],{"id":41336},"valueerror",[20,41338,15016,41339,41341],{},[15,41340,1144],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41343,41344],{},"Common causes:",[126,41346,41347,41353,41356,41359],{},[129,41348,41349,41350],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41351,41352],{},"\"abc\"",[129,41354,41355],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[129,41357,41358],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[129,41360,984,41361],{},[491,41362,41363,987],{"href":8047},[15,41364,17],{},[20,41366,145],{},[35,41368,41370],{"className":37,"code":41369,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41371,41372,41385],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41373,41374,41376,41378,41380,41383],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41375,338],{"class":50},[44,41377,55],{"class":54},[44,41379,1438],{"class":66},[44,41381,41382],{"class":70},"abc",[44,41384,3176],{"class":66},[44,41386,41387,41389,41391,41393,41395,41397],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,41388,82],{"class":58},[44,41390,63],{"class":62},[44,41392,2021],{"class":426},[44,41394,63],{"class":62},[44,41396,354],{"class":97},[44,41398,434],{"class":62},[600,41400,2825],{"id":41401},"typeerror",[20,41403,15016,41404,41406],{},[15,41405,2825],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41408,41344],{},[126,41410,41411,41414,41417],{},[129,41412,41413],{},"Passing a list",[129,41415,41416],{},"Passing a dictionary",[129,41418,41419],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41421,145],{},[35,41423,41425],{"className":37,"code":41424,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41426,41427,41452],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41428,41429,41431,41433,41435,41437,41439,41441,41443,41445,41448,41450],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41430,338],{"class":50},[44,41432,55],{"class":54},[44,41434,10313],{"class":62},[44,41436,67],{"class":66},[44,41438,24979],{"class":70},[44,41440,67],{"class":66},[44,41442,449],{"class":62},[44,41444,1438],{"class":66},[44,41446,41447],{"class":70},"9.99",[44,41449,67],{"class":66},[44,41451,9130],{"class":62},[44,41453,41454,41456,41458,41460,41462,41464],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,41455,82],{"class":58},[44,41457,63],{"class":62},[44,41459,2021],{"class":426},[44,41461,63],{"class":62},[44,41463,354],{"class":97},[44,41465,434],{"class":62},[600,41467,41469],{"id":41468},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41471,41472,41473,41476],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41474,41475],{},"strip()"," can help:",[35,41478,41480],{"className":37,"code":41479,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41481,41482,41495,41510,41514],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41483,41484,41486,41488,41490,41493],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41485,338],{"class":50},[44,41487,55],{"class":54},[44,41489,1438],{"class":66},[44,41491,41492],{"class":70},"  7.25  ",[44,41494,3176],{"class":66},[44,41496,41497,41500,41502,41504,41506,41508],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,41498,41499],{"class":50},"clean_value ",[44,41501,55],{"class":54},[44,41503,8259],{"class":50},[44,41505,504],{"class":62},[44,41507,1273],{"class":97},[44,41509,345],{"class":62},[44,41511,41512],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,41513,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,41515,41516,41518,41520,41522,41524,41527],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,41517,82],{"class":58},[44,41519,63],{"class":62},[44,41521,2021],{"class":426},[44,41523,63],{"class":62},[44,41525,41526],{"class":97},"clean_value",[44,41528,434],{"class":62},[20,41530,1031],{},[35,41532,41534],{"className":37,"code":41533,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7.25\n",[15,41535,41536],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41537,41538],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41539,41533],{"class":452},[600,41541,41543],{"id":41542},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41545,41546],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[35,41548,41550],{"className":37,"code":41549,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41551,41552,41565,41569,41579,41593,41607,41611,41625],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41553,41554,41556,41558,41560,41563],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41555,338],{"class":50},[44,41557,55],{"class":54},[44,41559,1438],{"class":66},[44,41561,41562],{"class":70}," 3.5 ",[44,41564,3176],{"class":66},[44,41566,41567],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,41568,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,41570,41571,41573,41575,41577],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,41572,82],{"class":58},[44,41574,63],{"class":62},[44,41576,354],{"class":97},[44,41578,76],{"class":62},[44,41580,41581,41583,41585,41587,41589,41591],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,41582,82],{"class":58},[44,41584,63],{"class":62},[44,41586,427],{"class":426},[44,41588,63],{"class":62},[44,41590,354],{"class":97},[44,41592,434],{"class":62},[44,41594,41595,41597,41599,41601,41603,41605],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,41596,82],{"class":58},[44,41598,63],{"class":62},[44,41600,1231],{"class":58},[44,41602,63],{"class":62},[44,41604,354],{"class":97},[44,41606,434],{"class":62},[44,41608,41609],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,41610,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,41612,41613,41615,41617,41619,41621,41623],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,41614,41499],{"class":50},[44,41616,55],{"class":54},[44,41618,8259],{"class":50},[44,41620,504],{"class":62},[44,41622,1273],{"class":97},[44,41624,345],{"class":62},[44,41626,41627,41629,41631,41633,41635,41637],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,41628,82],{"class":58},[44,41630,63],{"class":62},[44,41632,2021],{"class":426},[44,41634,63],{"class":62},[44,41636,41526],{"class":97},[44,41638,434],{"class":62},[20,41640,41641],{},"Why this helps:",[126,41643,41644,41649,41653,41658],{},[129,41645,41646,41648],{},[15,41647,1568],{}," shows the visible content",[129,41650,41651,21196],{},[15,41652,1574],{},[129,41654,41655,41657],{},[15,41656,1580],{}," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[129,41659,41660,41662],{},[15,41661,41475],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[600,41664,41666],{"id":41665},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41668,41669],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[35,41671,41673],{"className":37,"code":41672,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41674,41675,41693,41697,41703,41718,41737,41745],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41676,41677,41679,41681,41683,41685,41687,41689,41691],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41678,338],{"class":50},[44,41680,55],{"class":54},[44,41682,59],{"class":58},[44,41684,63],{"class":62},[44,41686,67],{"class":66},[44,41688,1010],{"class":70},[44,41690,67],{"class":66},[44,41692,76],{"class":62},[44,41694,41695],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,41696,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,41698,41699,41701],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,41700,1385],{"class":1384},[44,41702,1388],{"class":62},[44,41704,41705,41708,41710,41712,41714,41716],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,41706,41707],{"class":50},"    number ",[44,41709,55],{"class":54},[44,41711,40080],{"class":426},[44,41713,63],{"class":62},[44,41715,354],{"class":97},[44,41717,76],{"class":62},[44,41719,41720,41722,41724,41726,41729,41731,41733,41735],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,41721,1416],{"class":58},[44,41723,63],{"class":62},[44,41725,67],{"class":66},[44,41727,41728],{"class":70},"Converted:",[44,41730,67],{"class":66},[44,41732,186],{"class":62},[44,41734,2026],{"class":97},[44,41736,76],{"class":62},[44,41738,41739,41741,41743],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,41740,1450],{"class":1384},[44,41742,1453],{"class":426},[44,41744,1388],{"class":62},[44,41746,41747,41749,41751,41753,41756,41758],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,41748,1416],{"class":58},[44,41750,63],{"class":62},[44,41752,67],{"class":66},[44,41754,41755],{"class":70},"That is not a valid number.",[44,41757,67],{"class":66},[44,41759,76],{"class":62},[20,41761,41762,41763,504],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[491,41764,40720],{"href":40719},[30,41766,41768],{"id":41767},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41770,10413,41771,1126,41773,41775],{},[15,41772,503],{},[15,41774,496],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41777,41778,41780],{},[15,41779,503],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[35,41782,41784],{"className":37,"code":41783,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41785,41786],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41787,41788,41790,41792,41794,41796,41798,41801,41803],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41789,82],{"class":58},[44,41791,63],{"class":62},[44,41793,2021],{"class":426},[44,41795,63],{"class":62},[44,41797,67],{"class":66},[44,41799,41800],{"class":70},"3.9",[44,41802,67],{"class":66},[44,41804,434],{"class":62},[20,41806,1031],{},[35,41808,41810],{"className":37,"code":41809,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.9\n",[15,41811,41812],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41813,41814],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41815,41809],{"class":452},[20,41817,41818,41820],{},[15,41819,496],{}," creates whole numbers:",[35,41822,41824],{"className":37,"code":41823,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,41825,41826],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41827,41828,41830,41832,41834,41836,41838,41840,41842],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41829,82],{"class":58},[44,41831,63],{"class":62},[44,41833,588],{"class":426},[44,41835,63],{"class":62},[44,41837,67],{"class":66},[44,41839,2161],{"class":70},[44,41841,67],{"class":66},[44,41843,434],{"class":62},[20,41845,1031],{},[35,41847,41848],{"className":37,"code":2207,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,41849,41850],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41851,41852],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41853,2207],{"class":452},[20,41855,41856,41857,41860],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,41858,41859],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[35,41862,41864],{"className":37,"code":41863,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41865,41866],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41867,41868,41870,41872,41874,41876,41878,41880,41882],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41869,82],{"class":58},[44,41871,63],{"class":62},[44,41873,588],{"class":426},[44,41875,63],{"class":62},[44,41877,67],{"class":66},[44,41879,41800],{"class":70},[44,41881,67],{"class":66},[44,41883,434],{"class":62},[20,41885,2822,41886,8428,41888,41891],{},[15,41887,1144],{},[15,41889,41890],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,41893,10536],{},[126,41895,41896,41902],{},[129,41897,41898,41901],{},[15,41899,41900],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[129,41903,41904,41906],{},[15,41905,41859],{}," fails",[20,41908,41909,41910,41913,41914,41916],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[491,41911,41912],{"href":493},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[491,41915,2251],{"href":2250}," helpful.",[30,41918,1651],{"id":1650},[600,41920,41922],{"id":41921},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,41924,41925,41926,497,41928,504],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,41927,2321],{},[15,41929,39968],{},[600,41931,41933],{"id":41932},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,41935,41936,41937,497,41940,504],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,41938,41939],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,41941,41942],{},"\"10\"",[600,41944,41946],{"id":41945},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,41948,1692,41949,41951,41952,504],{},[15,41950,41352],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,41953,1144],{},[600,41955,41957],{"id":41956},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,41959,4976,41960,504],{},[15,41961,3589],{},[600,41963,41965],{"id":41964},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,41967,41968,41969,1698,41971,1126,41974,1698,41976,504],{},"Yes. ",[15,41970,3420],{},[15,41972,41973],{},"1.0",[15,41975,3494],{},[15,41977,3589],{},[30,41979,1719],{"id":1718},[126,41981,41982,41986,41992,41997,42001,42005],{},[129,41983,41984],{},[491,41985,41912],{"href":493},[129,41987,41988],{},[491,41989,41991],{"href":41990},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[129,41993,41994],{},[491,41995,41996],{"href":40715},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[129,41998,41999],{},[491,42000,1731],{"href":728},[129,42002,42003],{},[491,42004,40720],{"href":40719},[129,42006,42007],{},[491,42008,5],{"href":8047},[1758,42010,42011],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: 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.smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":42013},[42014,42015,42016,42017,42024,42029,42030,42037,42042,42049,42050,42057],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":40015,"depth":79,"text":40016},{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":40240,"depth":79,"text":40241,"children":42018},[42019,42020,42021,42022,42023],{"id":40249,"depth":419,"text":40250},{"id":40313,"depth":419,"text":40314},{"id":40377,"depth":419,"text":40378},{"id":40419,"depth":419,"text":40420},{"id":40474,"depth":419,"text":40475},{"id":40513,"depth":79,"text":40514,"children":42025},[42026,42027,42028],{"id":40522,"depth":419,"text":40523},{"id":40607,"depth":419,"text":40608},{"id":40677,"depth":419,"text":40678},{"id":17247,"depth":79,"text":17248},{"id":40869,"depth":79,"text":40870,"children":42031},[42032,42034,42035,42036],{"id":40873,"depth":419,"text":42033},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":40965,"depth":419,"text":40966},{"id":41050,"depth":419,"text":41051},{"id":41112,"depth":419,"text":41113},{"id":41172,"depth":79,"text":41173,"children":42038},[42039,42040,42041],{"id":41181,"depth":419,"text":41182},{"id":41220,"depth":419,"text":41221},{"id":41261,"depth":419,"text":41262},{"id":41326,"depth":79,"text":41327,"children":42043},[42044,42045,42046,42047,42048],{"id":41336,"depth":419,"text":1144},{"id":41401,"depth":419,"text":2825},{"id":41468,"depth":419,"text":41469},{"id":41542,"depth":419,"text":41543},{"id":41665,"depth":419,"text":41666},{"id":41767,"depth":79,"text":41768},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":42051},[42052,42053,42054,42055,42056],{"id":41921,"depth":419,"text":41922},{"id":41932,"depth":419,"text":41933},{"id":41945,"depth":419,"text":41946},{"id":41956,"depth":419,"text":41957},{"id":41964,"depth":419,"text":41965},{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39916,"description":42058},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42065,"title":42066,"body":42067,"description":43287,"extension":1796,"meta":43288,"navigation":807,"path":34850,"seo":43289,"stem":43290,"__hash__":43291},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42068,"toc":43253},[42069,42072,42077,42080,42082,42121,42135,42139,42144,42147,42164,42167,42177,42192,42195,42197,42200,42216,42219,42222,42242,42246,42257,42260,42264,42268,42281,42316,42320,42331,42366,42369,42371,42379,42412,42428,42430,42440,42461,42472,42474,42479,42482,42496,42498,42517,42520,42533,42536,42540,42544,42558,42561,42579,42582,42597,42601,42606,42620,42626,42628,42685,42687,42720,42723,42739,42743,42750,42754,42759,42762,42773,42777,42782,42797,42806,42811,42830,42833,42845,42847,42852,42862,42865,42894,42899,42908,42912,42917,42920,42924,42929,42931,42961,42964,42971,42976,42981,42985,42988,42996,42999,43077,43080,43102,43104,43108,43111,43115,43121,43184,43188,43196,43200,43203,43205,43230,43250],[10,42070,42066],{"id":42071},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42073,3398,42074,42076],{},[15,42075,34853],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42078,42079],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[30,42081,33],{"id":32},[35,42083,42085],{"className":37,"code":42084,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42086,42087,42097,42107],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42088,42089,42091,42093,42095],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42090,31978],{"class":58},[44,42092,63],{"class":62},[44,42094,10986],{"class":58},[44,42096,76],{"class":62},[44,42098,42099,42101,42103,42105],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,42100,31978],{"class":58},[44,42102,63],{"class":62},[44,42104,473],{"class":426},[44,42106,76],{"class":62},[44,42108,42109,42111,42113,42115,42117,42119],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,42110,31978],{"class":58},[44,42112,63],{"class":62},[44,42114,476],{"class":66},[44,42116,34485],{"class":70},[44,42118,476],{"class":66},[44,42120,76],{"class":62},[20,42122,103,42123,42125,42126,497,42128,42130,42131,42134],{},[15,42124,34853],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42127,10986],{},[15,42129,473],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42132,42133],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[30,42136,42138],{"id":42137},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42140,42141,42143],{},[15,42142,34853],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42145,42146],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[126,42148,42149,42152,42155,42158,42161],{},[129,42150,42151],{},"Functions",[129,42153,42154],{},"Classes",[129,42156,42157],{},"Methods",[129,42159,42160],{},"Modules",[129,42162,42163],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42165,42166],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42168,42169,42170,42176],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[491,42171,42173],{"href":42172},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42174,42175],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[35,42178,42180],{"className":37,"code":42179,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\n",[15,42181,42182],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42183,42184,42186,42188,42190],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42185,31978],{"class":58},[44,42187,63],{"class":62},[44,42189,10986],{"class":58},[44,42191,76],{"class":62},[20,42193,42194],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[30,42196,250],{"id":249},[20,42198,42199],{},"The main form is:",[35,42201,42203],{"className":37,"code":42202,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(object)\n",[15,42204,42205],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42206,42207,42209,42211,42214],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42208,31978],{"class":58},[44,42210,63],{"class":62},[44,42212,42213],{"class":426},"object",[44,42215,76],{"class":62},[20,42217,42218],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42220,42221],{},"Common examples include:",[126,42223,42224,42228,42233,42237],{},[129,42225,42226],{},[15,42227,10986],{},[129,42229,42230],{},[15,42231,42232],{},"list.append",[129,42234,42235],{},[15,42236,473],{},[129,42238,42239],{},[15,42240,42241],{},"open",[20,42243,7006,42244,7009],{},[15,42245,34853],{},[35,42247,42249],{"className":37,"code":42248,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help()\n",[15,42250,42251],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42252,42253,42255],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42254,31978],{"class":58},[44,42256,345],{"class":62},[20,42258,42259],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[30,42261,42263],{"id":42262},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[600,42265,42267],{"id":42266},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42269,42270,42271,2018,42273,2018,42275,16901,42277,504],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42272,10986],{},[15,42274,82],{},[15,42276,263],{},[491,42278,42279],{"href":2129},[15,42280,2132],{},[35,42282,42284],{"className":37,"code":42283,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42285,42286,42296,42306],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42287,42288,42290,42292,42294],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42289,31978],{"class":58},[44,42291,63],{"class":62},[44,42293,82],{"class":58},[44,42295,76],{"class":62},[44,42297,42298,42300,42302,42304],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,42299,31978],{"class":58},[44,42301,63],{"class":62},[44,42303,263],{"class":58},[44,42305,76],{"class":62},[44,42307,42308,42310,42312,42314],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,42309,31978],{"class":58},[44,42311,63],{"class":62},[44,42313,427],{"class":426},[44,42315,76],{"class":62},[600,42317,42319],{"id":42318},"data-types","Data types",[20,42321,42322,42323,2018,42325,2018,42327,16901,42329,504],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42324,473],{},[15,42326,7921],{},[15,42328,8646],{},[15,42330,6116],{},[35,42332,42334],{"className":37,"code":42333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42335,42336,42346,42356],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42337,42338,42340,42342,42344],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42339,31978],{"class":58},[44,42341,63],{"class":62},[44,42343,473],{"class":426},[44,42345,76],{"class":62},[44,42347,42348,42350,42352,42354],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,42349,31978],{"class":58},[44,42351,63],{"class":62},[44,42353,7921],{"class":426},[44,42355,76],{"class":62},[44,42357,42358,42360,42362,42364],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,42359,31978],{"class":58},[44,42361,63],{"class":62},[44,42363,8646],{"class":426},[44,42365,76],{"class":62},[20,42367,42368],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[600,42370,42157],{"id":34332},[20,42372,42373,42374,1126,42377,504],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42375,42376],{},"str.split",[15,42378,42232],{},[35,42380,42382],{"className":37,"code":42381,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42383,42384,42398],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42385,42386,42388,42390,42392,42394,42396],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42387,31978],{"class":58},[44,42389,63],{"class":62},[44,42391,473],{"class":426},[44,42393,504],{"class":62},[44,42395,34295],{"class":24579},[44,42397,76],{"class":62},[44,42399,42400,42402,42404,42406,42408,42410],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,42401,31978],{"class":58},[44,42403,63],{"class":62},[44,42405,7921],{"class":426},[44,42407,504],{"class":62},[44,42409,13379],{"class":24579},[44,42411,76],{"class":62},[20,42413,42414,42415,8529,42417,28144,42422,42424,42425,42427],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42416,34853],{},[491,42418,42420],{"href":42419},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42421,34137],{},[15,42423,34137],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42426,34853],{}," explains one of them.",[600,42429,42160],{"id":34485},[20,42431,42432,42433,2018,42435,16901,42437,504],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42434,18247],{},[15,42436,35016],{},[15,42438,42439],{},"os",[35,42441,42443],{"className":37,"code":42442,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42444,42445,42451],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42446,42447,42449],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42448,34917],{"class":1384},[44,42450,34920],{"class":50},[44,42452,42453,42455,42457,42459],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,42454,31978],{"class":58},[44,42456,63],{"class":62},[44,42458,18247],{"class":97},[44,42460,76],{"class":62},[20,42462,42463,42464,42468,42469,504],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[491,42465,42467],{"href":42466},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[491,42470,34983],{"href":42471},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[30,42473,34744],{"id":34743},[20,42475,42476,42478],{},[15,42477,34853],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42480,42481],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[126,42483,42484,42487,42490,42493],{},[129,42485,42486],{},"The function signature",[129,42488,42489],{},"The short description",[129,42491,42492],{},"Parameter names",[129,42494,42495],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42497,5301],{},[35,42499,42501],{"className":37,"code":42500,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42502,42503],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42504,42505,42507,42509,42511,42513,42515],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42506,31978],{"class":58},[44,42508,63],{"class":62},[44,42510,473],{"class":426},[44,42512,504],{"class":62},[44,42514,34295],{"class":24579},[44,42516,76],{"class":62},[20,42518,42519],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[126,42521,42522,42525,42528,42530],{},[129,42523,42524],{},"What object this is",[129,42526,42527],{},"What arguments it accepts",[129,42529,21798],{},[129,42531,42532],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42534,42535],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[30,42537,42539],{"id":42538},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42541,42542,29701],{},[15,42543,34853],{},[126,42545,42546,42549,42552,42555],{},[129,42547,42548],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[129,42550,42551],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[129,42553,42554],{},"You are exploring a new module",[129,42556,42557],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42559,42560],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[35,42562,42563],{"className":37,"code":42500,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,42564,42565],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42566,42567,42569,42571,42573,42575,42577],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42568,31978],{"class":58},[44,42570,63],{"class":62},[44,42572,473],{"class":426},[44,42574,504],{"class":62},[44,42576,34295],{"class":24579},[44,42578,76],{"class":62},[20,42580,42581],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[35,42583,42585],{"className":37,"code":42584,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(open)\n",[15,42586,42587],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42588,42589,42591,42593,42595],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42590,31978],{"class":58},[44,42592,63],{"class":62},[44,42594,42241],{"class":58},[44,42596,76],{"class":62},[30,42598,42600],{"id":42599},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42602,42603,42605],{},[15,42604,34853],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[126,42607,42608,42611,42614,42617],{},[129,42609,42610],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[129,42612,42613],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[129,42615,42616],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[129,42618,42619],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42621,42622,42623,42625],{},"So, ",[15,42624,34853],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42627,5301],{},[35,42629,42631],{"className":37,"code":42630,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42632,42633,42646,42670,42674],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42634,42635,42637,42639,42641,42644],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42636,34514],{"class":50},[44,42638,55],{"class":54},[44,42640,1438],{"class":66},[44,42642,42643],{"class":70},"a,b,c",[44,42645,3176],{"class":66},[44,42647,42648,42651,42653,42656,42658,42660,42662,42664,42666,42668],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,42649,42650],{"class":50},"parts ",[44,42652,55],{"class":54},[44,42654,42655],{"class":50}," text",[44,42657,504],{"class":62},[44,42659,34295],{"class":97},[44,42661,63],{"class":62},[44,42663,67],{"class":66},[44,42665,186],{"class":70},[44,42667,67],{"class":66},[44,42669,76],{"class":62},[44,42671,42672],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,42673,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,42675,42676,42678,42680,42683],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,42677,82],{"class":58},[44,42679,63],{"class":62},[44,42681,42682],{"class":97},"parts",[44,42684,76],{"class":62},[20,42686,5388],{},[35,42688,42690],{"className":37,"code":42689,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42691,42692],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42693,42694,42696,42698,42700,42702,42704,42706,42708,42710,42712,42714,42716,42718],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42695,3723],{"class":62},[44,42697,476],{"class":66},[44,42699,491],{"class":70},[44,42701,476],{"class":66},[44,42703,186],{"class":62},[44,42705,470],{"class":66},[44,42707,4587],{"class":70},[44,42709,476],{"class":66},[44,42711,186],{"class":62},[44,42713,470],{"class":66},[44,42715,9561],{"class":70},[44,42717,476],{"class":66},[44,42719,3453],{"class":62},[20,42721,42722],{},"A good workflow is:",[28544,42724,42725,42730,42733,42736],{},[129,42726,103,42727,42729],{},[15,42728,34853],{}," to inspect something",[129,42731,42732],{},"Write a tiny example",[129,42734,42735],{},"Check the result",[129,42737,42738],{},"Repeat",[30,42740,42742],{"id":42741},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42744,42745,1126,42747,42749],{},[15,42746,34853],{},[15,42748,34137],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[600,42751,42752],{"id":31978},[15,42753,34853],{},[20,42755,103,42756,42758],{},[15,42757,34853],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42760,42761],{},"It tells you:",[126,42763,42764,42767,42770],{},[129,42765,42766],{},"What something is",[129,42768,42769],{},"How to use it",[129,42771,42772],{},"What parameters it accepts",[600,42774,42775],{"id":34198},[15,42776,34137],{},[20,42778,103,42779,42781],{},[15,42780,34137],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[35,42783,42785],{"className":37,"code":42784,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dir(str)\n",[15,42786,42787],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42788,42789,42791,42793,42795],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42790,34198],{"class":58},[44,42792,63],{"class":62},[44,42794,473],{"class":426},[44,42796,76],{"class":62},[20,42798,42799,42800,2018,42802,16901,42804,504],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,42801,34295],{},[15,42803,1273],{},[15,42805,8465],{},[20,42807,42808,42809,449],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,42810,34853],{},[35,42812,42814],{"className":37,"code":42813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,42815,42816],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42817,42818,42820,42822,42824,42826,42828],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42819,31978],{"class":58},[44,42821,63],{"class":62},[44,42823,473],{"class":426},[44,42825,504],{"class":62},[44,42827,8465],{"class":24579},[44,42829,76],{"class":62},[20,42831,42832],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[126,42834,42835,42840],{},[129,42836,103,42837,42839],{},[15,42838,34137],{}," to discover options",[129,42841,103,42842,42844],{},[15,42843,34853],{}," to understand one option",[30,42846,1486],{"id":1485},[20,42848,42849,42850,504],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,42851,34853],{},[600,42853,8243,42855,42858,42859],{"id":42854},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,42856,42857],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,42860,42861],{},"help(len)",[20,42863,42864],{},"These are not always the same.",[35,42866,42868],{"className":37,"code":42867,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,42869,42870,42880],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42871,42872,42874,42876,42878],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42873,31978],{"class":58},[44,42875,63],{"class":62},[44,42877,10986],{"class":58},[44,42879,76],{"class":62},[44,42881,42882,42884,42886,42888,42890,42892],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,42883,31978],{"class":58},[44,42885,63],{"class":62},[44,42887,476],{"class":66},[44,42889,10986],{"class":70},[44,42891,476],{"class":66},[44,42893,76],{"class":62},[20,42895,42896,42898],{},[15,42897,42861],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,42900,42901,42903,42904,42907],{},[15,42902,42857],{}," treats ",[15,42905,42906],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[600,42909,42911],{"id":42910},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,42913,42914,42916],{},[15,42915,34853],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,42918,42919],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[600,42921,42923],{"id":42922},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,42925,40168,42926,42928],{},[15,42927,34853],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,42930,145],{},[35,42932,42934],{"className":37,"code":42933,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,42935,42936,42946],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42937,42938,42940,42942,42944],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42939,31978],{"class":58},[44,42941,63],{"class":62},[44,42943,10986],{"class":58},[44,42945,76],{"class":62},[44,42947,42948,42950,42952,42954,42957,42959],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,42949,82],{"class":58},[44,42951,63],{"class":62},[44,42953,67],{"class":66},[44,42955,42956],{"class":70},"Done",[44,42958,67],{"class":66},[44,42960,76],{"class":62},[20,42962,42963],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[600,42965,37030,42967,8529,42969],{"id":42966},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,42968,34853],{},[15,42970,34137],{},[20,42972,42973,42974,504],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,42975,34137],{},[20,42977,42978,42979,504],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,42980,34853],{},[30,42982,42984],{"id":42983},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,42986,42987],{},"Open Python:",[35,42989,42990],{"className":37,"code":35369,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,42991,42992],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42993,42994],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42995,35369],{"class":50},[20,42997,42998],{},"Then test these commands:",[35,43000,43002],{"className":37,"code":43001,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43003,43004,43014,43028,43042,43052,43067],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43005,43006,43008,43010,43012],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43007,31978],{"class":58},[44,43009,63],{"class":62},[44,43011,10986],{"class":58},[44,43013,76],{"class":62},[44,43015,43016,43018,43020,43022,43024,43026],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,43017,31978],{"class":58},[44,43019,63],{"class":62},[44,43021,473],{"class":426},[44,43023,504],{"class":62},[44,43025,34295],{"class":24579},[44,43027,76],{"class":62},[44,43029,43030,43032,43034,43036,43038,43040],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,43031,31978],{"class":58},[44,43033,63],{"class":62},[44,43035,7921],{"class":426},[44,43037,504],{"class":62},[44,43039,13379],{"class":24579},[44,43041,76],{"class":62},[44,43043,43044,43046,43048,43050],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,43045,31978],{"class":58},[44,43047,63],{"class":62},[44,43049,42241],{"class":58},[44,43051,76],{"class":62},[44,43053,43054,43056,43058,43060,43063,43065],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,43055,31978],{"class":58},[44,43057,63],{"class":62},[44,43059,476],{"class":66},[44,43061,43062],{"class":70},"keywords",[44,43064,476],{"class":66},[44,43066,76],{"class":62},[44,43068,43069,43071,43073,43075],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,43070,34198],{"class":58},[44,43072,63],{"class":62},[44,43074,473],{"class":426},[44,43076,76],{"class":62},[20,43078,43079],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[126,43081,43082,43085,43088,43091,43094,43097],{},[129,43083,43084],{},"A built-in function",[129,43086,43087],{},"A string method",[129,43089,43090],{},"A list method",[129,43092,43093],{},"A built-in file function",[129,43095,43096],{},"A special help topic",[129,43098,15016,43099,43101],{},[15,43100,34137],{}," example for comparison",[30,43103,1651],{"id":1650},[600,43105,43107],{"id":43106},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43109,43110],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[600,43112,43114],{"id":43113},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43116,43117,43118,43120],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43119,34853],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[35,43122,43124],{"className":37,"code":43123,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43125,43126,43138,43151,43170,43174],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43127,43128,43130,43132,43134,43136],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43129,34677],{"class":466},[44,43131,34681],{"class":34680},[44,43133,63],{"class":62},[44,43135,652],{"class":37488},[44,43137,8167],{"class":62},[44,43139,43140,43144,43148],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,43141,43143],{"class":43142},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[44,43145,43147],{"class":43146},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[44,43149,43150],{"class":43142},"\"\"\"\n",[44,43152,43153,43155,43158,43161,43163,43165,43167],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,43154,34688],{"class":1384},[44,43156,43157],{"class":466}," f",[44,43159,43160],{"class":70},"\"Hello, ",[44,43162,9100],{"class":452},[44,43164,652],{"class":50},[44,43166,22131],{"class":452},[44,43168,43169],{"class":70},"!\"\n",[44,43171,43172],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,43173,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,43175,43176,43178,43180,43182],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,43177,31978],{"class":58},[44,43179,63],{"class":62},[44,43181,34723],{"class":97},[44,43183,76],{"class":62},[600,43185,43187],{"id":43186},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43189,43190,43192,43193,43195],{},[15,43191,42861],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43194,42857],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[600,43197,43199],{"id":43198},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43201,43202],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[30,43204,1719],{"id":1718},[126,43206,43207,43212,43216,43221,43226],{},[129,43208,43209],{},[491,43210,43211],{"href":42419},"Python dir() function explained",[129,43213,43214],{},[491,43215,8268],{"href":2129},[129,43217,43218],{},[491,43219,43220],{"href":42172},"Python len() function explained",[129,43222,43223],{},[491,43224,43225],{"href":42466},"How import works in Python",[129,43227,43228],{},[491,43229,34983],{"href":42471},[20,43231,43232,43233,43235,43236,2018,43238,16901,43240,43242,43243,497,43246,43249],{},"Try ",[15,43234,34853],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43237,10986],{},[15,43239,82],{},[15,43241,263],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43244,43245],{},"dir(str)",[15,43247,43248],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1758,43251,43252],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":43254},[43255,43256,43257,43258,43264,43265,43266,43267,43271,43279,43280,43286],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":42137,"depth":79,"text":42138},{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":42262,"depth":79,"text":42263,"children":43259},[43260,43261,43262,43263],{"id":42266,"depth":419,"text":42267},{"id":42318,"depth":419,"text":42319},{"id":34332,"depth":419,"text":42157},{"id":34485,"depth":419,"text":42160},{"id":34743,"depth":79,"text":34744},{"id":42538,"depth":79,"text":42539},{"id":42599,"depth":79,"text":42600},{"id":42741,"depth":79,"text":42742,"children":43268},[43269,43270],{"id":31978,"depth":419,"text":34853},{"id":34198,"depth":419,"text":34137},{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486,"children":43272},[43273,43275,43276,43277],{"id":42854,"depth":419,"text":43274},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":42910,"depth":419,"text":42911},{"id":42922,"depth":419,"text":42923},{"id":42966,"depth":419,"text":43278},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":42983,"depth":79,"text":42984},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":43281},[43282,43283,43284,43285],{"id":43106,"depth":419,"text":43107},{"id":43113,"depth":419,"text":43114},{"id":43186,"depth":419,"text":43187},{"id":43198,"depth":419,"text":43199},{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42066,"description":43287},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43293,"title":43294,"body":43295,"description":44657,"extension":1796,"meta":44658,"navigation":807,"path":44659,"seo":44660,"stem":44661,"__hash__":44662},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43296,"toc":44630},[43297,43303,43308,43314,43324,43383,43393,43404,43409,43415,43417,43435,43443,43445,43447,43462,43465,43476,43478,43569,43572,43576,43581,43602,43604,43715,43717,43744,43755,43759,43762,43845,43847,43855,43861,43867,43871,43874,43984,43986,43999,44002,44016,44024,44031,44036,44050,44056,44169,44171,44232,44235,44241,44247,44250,44272,44275,44345,44348,44380,44387,44389,44392,44410,44413,44425,44431,44433,44438,44464,44467,44539,44541,44547,44550,44556,44559,44565,44575,44581,44584,44591,44594,44596,44627],[10,43298,13,43300,18],{"id":43299},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43301,43302],{},"id()",[20,43304,32143,43305,43307],{},[15,43306,43302],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43309,43310,43311,43313],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43312,43302],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43315,103,43316,43318,43319,43321,43322,504],{},[15,43317,43302],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[3563,43320,4457],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43323,4515],{},[35,43325,43327],{"className":37,"code":43326,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43328,43329,43341,43355,43359,43369],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43330,43331,43333,43335,43337,43339],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43332,51],{"class":50},[44,43334,55],{"class":54},[44,43336,1438],{"class":66},[44,43338,7127],{"class":70},[44,43340,3176],{"class":66},[44,43342,43343,43345,43347,43349,43351,43353],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,43344,82],{"class":58},[44,43346,63],{"class":62},[44,43348,12474],{"class":58},[44,43350,63],{"class":62},[44,43352,652],{"class":97},[44,43354,434],{"class":62},[44,43356,43357],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,43358,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,43360,43361,43364,43366],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,43362,43363],{"class":50},"other ",[44,43365,55],{"class":54},[44,43367,43368],{"class":50}," name\n",[44,43370,43371,43373,43375,43377,43379,43381],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,43372,82],{"class":58},[44,43374,63],{"class":62},[44,43376,12474],{"class":58},[44,43378,63],{"class":62},[44,43380,30570],{"class":97},[44,43382,434],{"class":62},[20,43384,43385,43386,43389,43390,43392],{},"In this example, ",[15,43387,43388],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43391,43302],{}," values match.",[43394,43395,43396],"blockquote",{},[20,43397,103,43398,43400,43401,43403],{},[15,43399,43302],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43402,4515],{}," for value comparison.",[30,43405,113,43407,116],{"id":43406},"what-id-does",[15,43408,43302],{},[20,43410,43411,43414],{},[15,43412,43413],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43416,12877],{},[126,43418,43419,43422,43429,43432],{},[129,43420,43421],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[129,43423,43424,43425,43428],{},"It shows ",[3563,43426,43427],{},"object identity",", not object value",[129,43430,43431],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[129,43433,43434],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43436,43437,43438,43442],{},"This is closely related to how ",[491,43439,43441],{"href":43440},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[30,43444,250],{"id":249},[20,43446,5263],{},[35,43448,43450],{"className":37,"code":43449,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"id(object)\n",[15,43451,43452],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43453,43454,43456,43458,43460],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43455,12474],{"class":58},[44,43457,63],{"class":62},[44,43459,42213],{"class":426},[44,43461,76],{"class":62},[20,43463,43464],{},"Important details:",[126,43466,43467,43470,43473],{},[129,43468,43469],{},"It takes one argument",[129,43471,43472],{},"It returns an integer",[129,43474,43475],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43477,145],{},[35,43479,43481],{"className":37,"code":43480,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43482,43483,43495,43503,43523,43527,43541,43555],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43484,43485,43487,43489,43491,43493],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43486,34514],{"class":50},[44,43488,55],{"class":54},[44,43490,1438],{"class":66},[44,43492,3667],{"class":70},[44,43494,3176],{"class":66},[44,43496,43497,43499,43501],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,43498,2046],{"class":50},[44,43500,55],{"class":54},[44,43502,2593],{"class":452},[44,43504,43505,43507,43509,43511,43513,43515,43517,43519,43521],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,43506,7609],{"class":50},[44,43508,55],{"class":54},[44,43510,3440],{"class":62},[44,43512,2807],{"class":452},[44,43514,186],{"class":62},[44,43516,2812],{"class":452},[44,43518,186],{"class":62},[44,43520,2282],{"class":452},[44,43522,3453],{"class":62},[44,43524,43525],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,43526,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,43528,43529,43531,43533,43535,43537,43539],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,43530,82],{"class":58},[44,43532,63],{"class":62},[44,43534,12474],{"class":58},[44,43536,63],{"class":62},[44,43538,34535],{"class":97},[44,43540,434],{"class":62},[44,43542,43543,43545,43547,43549,43551,43553],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,43544,82],{"class":58},[44,43546,63],{"class":62},[44,43548,12474],{"class":58},[44,43550,63],{"class":62},[44,43552,2069],{"class":97},[44,43554,434],{"class":62},[44,43556,43557,43559,43561,43563,43565,43567],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,43558,82],{"class":58},[44,43560,63],{"class":62},[44,43562,12474],{"class":58},[44,43564,63],{"class":62},[44,43566,7640],{"class":97},[44,43568,434],{"class":62},[20,43570,43571],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[30,43573,43575],{"id":43574},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43577,43578,43579,504],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43580,43302],{},[126,43582,43583,43590,43597],{},[129,43584,43585,43587,43588],{},[15,43586,4515],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[3563,43589,354],{},[129,43591,43592,43594,43595],{},[15,43593,206],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[3563,43596,42213],{},[129,43598,43599,43601],{},[15,43600,43302],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43603,145],{},[35,43605,43607],{"className":37,"code":43606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43608,43609,43629,43649,43653,43670,43687,43701],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43610,43611,43613,43615,43617,43619,43621,43623,43625,43627],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43612,1070],{"class":50},[44,43614,55],{"class":54},[44,43616,3440],{"class":62},[44,43618,2807],{"class":452},[44,43620,186],{"class":62},[44,43622,2812],{"class":452},[44,43624,186],{"class":62},[44,43626,2282],{"class":452},[44,43628,3453],{"class":62},[44,43630,43631,43633,43635,43637,43639,43641,43643,43645,43647],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,43632,1089],{"class":50},[44,43634,55],{"class":54},[44,43636,3440],{"class":62},[44,43638,2807],{"class":452},[44,43640,186],{"class":62},[44,43642,2812],{"class":452},[44,43644,186],{"class":62},[44,43646,2282],{"class":452},[44,43648,3453],{"class":62},[44,43650,43651],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,43652,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,43654,43655,43657,43659,43661,43663,43665,43667],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,43656,82],{"class":58},[44,43658,63],{"class":62},[44,43660,1070],{"class":97},[44,43662,4515],{"class":54},[44,43664,1117],{"class":97},[44,43666,3480],{"class":62},[44,43668,43669],{"class":3483},"   # True\n",[44,43671,43672,43674,43676,43678,43680,43682,43684],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,43673,82],{"class":58},[44,43675,63],{"class":62},[44,43677,1070],{"class":97},[44,43679,206],{"class":1384},[44,43681,1117],{"class":97},[44,43683,3480],{"class":62},[44,43685,43686],{"class":3483},"   # False\n",[44,43688,43689,43691,43693,43695,43697,43699],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,43690,82],{"class":58},[44,43692,63],{"class":62},[44,43694,12474],{"class":58},[44,43696,63],{"class":62},[44,43698,491],{"class":97},[44,43700,434],{"class":62},[44,43702,43703,43705,43707,43709,43711,43713],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,43704,82],{"class":58},[44,43706,63],{"class":62},[44,43708,12474],{"class":58},[44,43710,63],{"class":62},[44,43712,4587],{"class":97},[44,43714,434],{"class":62},[20,43716,2008],{},[126,43718,43719,43727,43735],{},[129,43720,43721,4610,43724,43726],{},[15,43722,43723],{},"a == b",[15,43725,3420],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[129,43728,43729,4610,43732,43734],{},[15,43730,43731],{},"a is b",[15,43733,3494],{}," because they are different list objects",[129,43736,43737,1126,43740,43743],{},[15,43738,43739],{},"id(a)",[15,43741,43742],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,43745,43746,43747,1126,43751,504],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[491,43748,43750],{"href":43749},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[491,43752,43754],{"href":43753},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[30,43756,43758],{"id":43757},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,43760,43761],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[35,43763,43765],{"className":37,"code":43764,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43766,43767,43787,43797,43801,43815,43830],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43768,43769,43771,43773,43775,43777,43779,43781,43783,43785],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43770,3435],{"class":50},[44,43772,55],{"class":54},[44,43774,3440],{"class":62},[44,43776,2161],{"class":452},[44,43778,186],{"class":62},[44,43780,7620],{"class":452},[44,43782,186],{"class":62},[44,43784,7625],{"class":452},[44,43786,3453],{"class":62},[44,43788,43789,43792,43794],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,43790,43791],{"class":50},"other_numbers ",[44,43793,55],{"class":54},[44,43795,43796],{"class":50}," numbers\n",[44,43798,43799],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,43800,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,43802,43803,43805,43807,43809,43811,43813],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,43804,82],{"class":58},[44,43806,63],{"class":62},[44,43808,12474],{"class":58},[44,43810,63],{"class":62},[44,43812,3467],{"class":97},[44,43814,434],{"class":62},[44,43816,43817,43819,43821,43823,43825,43828],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,43818,82],{"class":58},[44,43820,63],{"class":62},[44,43822,12474],{"class":58},[44,43824,63],{"class":62},[44,43826,43827],{"class":97},"other_numbers",[44,43829,434],{"class":62},[44,43831,43832,43834,43836,43838,43840,43843],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,43833,82],{"class":58},[44,43835,63],{"class":62},[44,43837,3435],{"class":97},[44,43839,206],{"class":1384},[44,43841,43842],{"class":97}," other_numbers",[44,43844,76],{"class":62},[20,43846,5388],{},[35,43848,43849],{"className":37,"code":3803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,43850,43851],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43852,43853],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43854,3803],{"class":3674},[20,43856,43857,43858,43860],{},"The two ",[15,43859,43302],{}," values will also match.",[20,43862,22017,43863,43866],{},[15,43864,43865],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[30,43868,43870],{"id":43869},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,43872,43873],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[35,43875,43877],{"className":37,"code":43876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,43878,43879,43900,43921,43925,43940,43954,43969],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43880,43881,43884,43886,43888,43890,43892,43894,43896,43898],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43882,43883],{"class":50},"list_a ",[44,43885,55],{"class":54},[44,43887,3440],{"class":62},[44,43889,2807],{"class":452},[44,43891,186],{"class":62},[44,43893,2812],{"class":452},[44,43895,186],{"class":62},[44,43897,2282],{"class":452},[44,43899,3453],{"class":62},[44,43901,43902,43905,43907,43909,43911,43913,43915,43917,43919],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,43903,43904],{"class":50},"list_b ",[44,43906,55],{"class":54},[44,43908,3440],{"class":62},[44,43910,2807],{"class":452},[44,43912,186],{"class":62},[44,43914,2812],{"class":452},[44,43916,186],{"class":62},[44,43918,2282],{"class":452},[44,43920,3453],{"class":62},[44,43922,43923],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,43924,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,43926,43927,43929,43931,43933,43935,43938],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,43928,82],{"class":58},[44,43930,63],{"class":62},[44,43932,43883],{"class":97},[44,43934,4515],{"class":54},[44,43936,43937],{"class":97}," list_b",[44,43939,76],{"class":62},[44,43941,43942,43944,43946,43948,43950,43952],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,43943,82],{"class":58},[44,43945,63],{"class":62},[44,43947,43883],{"class":97},[44,43949,206],{"class":1384},[44,43951,43937],{"class":97},[44,43953,76],{"class":62},[44,43955,43956,43958,43960,43962,43964,43967],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,43957,82],{"class":58},[44,43959,63],{"class":62},[44,43961,12474],{"class":58},[44,43963,63],{"class":62},[44,43965,43966],{"class":97},"list_a",[44,43968,434],{"class":62},[44,43970,43971,43973,43975,43977,43979,43982],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,43972,82],{"class":58},[44,43974,63],{"class":62},[44,43976,12474],{"class":58},[44,43978,63],{"class":62},[44,43980,43981],{"class":97},"list_b",[44,43983,434],{"class":62},[20,43985,5388],{},[35,43987,43989],{"className":37,"code":43988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nFalse\n",[15,43990,43991,43995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43992,43993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43994,3803],{"class":3674},[44,43996,43997],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,43998,3864],{"class":3674},[20,44000,44001],{},"What this means:",[126,44003,44004,44007,44010],{},[129,44005,44006],{},"The lists are equal in value",[129,44008,44009],{},"They are not the same object",[129,44011,44012,44013,44015],{},"Their ",[15,44014,43302],{}," values are usually different",[20,44017,44018,44019,44021,44022,504],{},"This is why ",[15,44020,43302],{}," should not replace ",[15,44023,4515],{},[30,44025,44027,44028,44030],{"id":44026},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44029,43302],{}," is useful",[20,44032,44033,44035],{},[15,44034,43302],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[126,44037,44038,44041,44044,44047],{},[129,44039,44040],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[129,44042,44043],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[129,44045,44046],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[129,44048,44049],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44051,44052,44053,44055],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44054,43302],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[35,44057,44059],{"className":37,"code":44058,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44060,44061,44085,44094,44098,44117,44121,44131,44141,44155],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44062,44063,44065,44067,44069,44071,44073,44075,44077,44079,44081,44083],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44064,11911],{"class":50},[44,44066,55],{"class":54},[44,44068,3440],{"class":62},[44,44070,67],{"class":66},[44,44072,491],{"class":70},[44,44074,67],{"class":66},[44,44076,186],{"class":62},[44,44078,1438],{"class":66},[44,44080,4587],{"class":70},[44,44082,67],{"class":66},[44,44084,3453],{"class":62},[44,44086,44087,44090,44092],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,44088,44089],{"class":50},"copy_ref ",[44,44091,55],{"class":54},[44,44093,11949],{"class":50},[44,44095,44096],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,44097,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,44099,44100,44103,44105,44107,44109,44111,44113,44115],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,44101,44102],{"class":50},"copy_ref",[44,44104,504],{"class":62},[44,44106,13379],{"class":97},[44,44108,63],{"class":62},[44,44110,67],{"class":66},[44,44112,9561],{"class":70},[44,44114,67],{"class":66},[44,44116,76],{"class":62},[44,44118,44119],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,44120,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,44122,44123,44125,44127,44129],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,44124,82],{"class":58},[44,44126,63],{"class":62},[44,44128,11958],{"class":97},[44,44130,76],{"class":62},[44,44132,44133,44135,44137,44139],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,44134,82],{"class":58},[44,44136,63],{"class":62},[44,44138,44102],{"class":97},[44,44140,76],{"class":62},[44,44142,44143,44145,44147,44149,44151,44153],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,44144,82],{"class":58},[44,44146,63],{"class":62},[44,44148,12474],{"class":58},[44,44150,63],{"class":62},[44,44152,11958],{"class":97},[44,44154,434],{"class":62},[44,44156,44157,44159,44161,44163,44165,44167],{"class":46,"line":6261},[44,44158,82],{"class":58},[44,44160,63],{"class":62},[44,44162,12474],{"class":58},[44,44164,63],{"class":62},[44,44166,44102],{"class":97},[44,44168,434],{"class":62},[20,44170,5388],{},[35,44172,44174],{"className":37,"code":44173,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44175,44176,44204],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44177,44178,44180,44182,44184,44186,44188,44190,44192,44194,44196,44198,44200,44202],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44179,3723],{"class":62},[44,44181,476],{"class":66},[44,44183,491],{"class":70},[44,44185,476],{"class":66},[44,44187,186],{"class":62},[44,44189,470],{"class":66},[44,44191,4587],{"class":70},[44,44193,476],{"class":66},[44,44195,186],{"class":62},[44,44197,470],{"class":66},[44,44199,9561],{"class":70},[44,44201,476],{"class":66},[44,44203,3453],{"class":62},[44,44205,44206,44208,44210,44212,44214,44216,44218,44220,44222,44224,44226,44228,44230],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,44207,3723],{"class":62},[44,44209,476],{"class":66},[44,44211,491],{"class":70},[44,44213,476],{"class":66},[44,44215,186],{"class":62},[44,44217,470],{"class":66},[44,44219,4587],{"class":70},[44,44221,476],{"class":66},[44,44223,186],{"class":62},[44,44225,470],{"class":66},[44,44227,9561],{"class":70},[44,44229,476],{"class":66},[44,44231,3453],{"class":62},[20,44233,44234],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[30,44236,44238,44239],{"id":44237},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44240,43302],{},[20,44242,44243,44244,44246],{},"Do not use ",[15,44245,43302],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44248,44249],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[126,44251,44252,44258,44264,44267],{},[129,44253,44254,44255,44257],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44256,4515],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[129,44259,44260,44261,44263],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44262,43302],{}," values across program runs",[129,44265,44266],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[129,44268,44269,44270],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44271,43302],{},[20,44273,44274],{},"Bad example:",[35,44276,44278],{"className":37,"code":44277,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44279,44280,44292,44304,44308,44330],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44281,44282,44284,44286,44288,44290],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44283,1070],{"class":50},[44,44285,55],{"class":54},[44,44287,1438],{"class":66},[44,44289,36873],{"class":70},[44,44291,3176],{"class":66},[44,44293,44294,44296,44298,44300,44302],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,44295,1089],{"class":50},[44,44297,55],{"class":54},[44,44299,1438],{"class":66},[44,44301,36873],{"class":70},[44,44303,3176],{"class":66},[44,44305,44306],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,44307,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,44309,44310,44312,44314,44316,44318,44320,44322,44324,44326,44328],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,44311,6828],{"class":1384},[44,44313,14643],{"class":58},[44,44315,63],{"class":62},[44,44317,491],{"class":97},[44,44319,3480],{"class":62},[44,44321,6237],{"class":54},[44,44323,14643],{"class":58},[44,44325,63],{"class":62},[44,44327,4587],{"class":97},[44,44329,8167],{"class":62},[44,44331,44332,44334,44336,44338,44341,44343],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,44333,1416],{"class":58},[44,44335,63],{"class":62},[44,44337,67],{"class":66},[44,44339,44340],{"class":70},"The values are equal",[44,44342,67],{"class":66},[44,44344,76],{"class":62},[20,44346,44347],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[35,44349,44351],{"className":37,"code":44350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44352,44353,44366],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44354,44355,44357,44360,44362,44364],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44356,6828],{"class":1384},[44,44358,44359],{"class":50}," a ",[44,44361,4515],{"class":54},[44,44363,1117],{"class":50},[44,44365,1388],{"class":62},[44,44367,44368,44370,44372,44374,44376,44378],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,44369,1416],{"class":58},[44,44371,63],{"class":62},[44,44373,67],{"class":66},[44,44375,44340],{"class":70},[44,44377,67],{"class":66},[44,44379,76],{"class":62},[20,44381,103,44382,497,44384,44386],{},[15,44383,206],{},[15,44385,43302],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[30,44388,20629],{"id":20628},[20,44390,44391],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[126,44393,44394,44397,44400,44405],{},[129,44395,44396],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[129,44398,44399],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[129,44401,44402,44403],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44404,43302],{},[129,44406,44407,44408],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44409,43302],{},[20,44411,44412],{},"The important rule is:",[126,44414,44415,44420],{},[129,44416,103,44417,44419],{},[15,44418,4515],{}," to check value",[129,44421,103,44422,44424],{},[15,44423,206],{}," to check identity",[20,44426,44427,44428,44430],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44429,43302],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[30,44432,1486],{"id":1485},[20,44434,44435,44436,449],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44437,43302],{},[126,44439,44440,44448,44451,44454,44459],{},[129,44441,8243,44442,44444,44445,44447],{},[15,44443,43302],{}," when ",[15,44446,4515],{}," should be used",[129,44449,44450],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[129,44452,44453],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[129,44455,44456,44457],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44458,43302],{},[129,44460,8243,44461,44463],{},[15,44462,43302],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44465,44466],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[35,44468,44470],{"className":37,"code":44469,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44471,44472,44487,44501,44515,44529],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44473,44474,44476,44478,44480,44482,44485],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44475,82],{"class":58},[44,44477,63],{"class":62},[44,44479,12474],{"class":58},[44,44481,63],{"class":62},[44,44483,44484],{"class":97},"my_object",[44,44486,434],{"class":62},[44,44488,44489,44491,44493,44495,44497,44499],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,44490,82],{"class":58},[44,44492,63],{"class":62},[44,44494,1070],{"class":97},[44,44496,4515],{"class":54},[44,44498,1117],{"class":97},[44,44500,76],{"class":62},[44,44502,44503,44505,44507,44509,44511,44513],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,44504,82],{"class":58},[44,44506,63],{"class":62},[44,44508,1070],{"class":97},[44,44510,206],{"class":1384},[44,44512,1117],{"class":97},[44,44514,76],{"class":62},[44,44516,44517,44519,44521,44523,44525,44527],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,44518,82],{"class":58},[44,44520,63],{"class":62},[44,44522,427],{"class":426},[44,44524,63],{"class":62},[44,44526,44484],{"class":97},[44,44528,434],{"class":62},[44,44530,44531,44533,44535,44537],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,44532,31978],{"class":58},[44,44534,63],{"class":62},[44,44536,12474],{"class":58},[44,44538,76],{"class":62},[30,44540,1651],{"id":1650},[600,44542,44544,44545,12540],{"id":44543},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44546,43302],{},[20,44548,44549],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[600,44551,14730,44553,44555],{"id":44552},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44554,43302],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44557,44558],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[600,44560,21249,44562,44564],{"id":44561},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44563,43302],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44566,30097,44567,44569,44570,497,44572,44574],{},[15,44568,4515],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44571,43302],{},[15,44573,206],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[600,44576,44578,44579,213],{"id":44577},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44580,43302],{},[20,44582,44583],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[600,44585,44587,44588,44590],{"id":44586},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44589,43302],{}," values?",[20,44592,44593],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[30,44595,1719],{"id":1718},[126,44597,44598,44603,44608,44613,44621],{},[129,44599,44600],{},[491,44601,44602],{"href":43440},"Python variables explained for beginners",[129,44604,44605],{},[491,44606,44607],{"href":43749},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[129,44609,44610],{},[491,44611,44612],{"href":43753},"Python data types overview",[129,44614,44615],{},[491,44616,13,44618,1738],{"href":44617},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44619,44620],{},"isinstance()",[129,44622,44623],{},[491,44624,44626],{"href":44625},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1758,44628,44629],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":44631},[44632,44634,44635,44636,44637,44638,44640,44642,44643,44644,44656],{"id":43406,"depth":79,"text":44633},"What id() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":43574,"depth":79,"text":43575},{"id":43757,"depth":79,"text":43758},{"id":43869,"depth":79,"text":43870},{"id":44026,"depth":79,"text":44639},"When id() is useful",{"id":44237,"depth":79,"text":44641},"When not to use 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function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46135,35232,46136,46138],{},[15,46137,496],{}," when they want to:",[126,46140,46141,46151,46154,46157],{},[129,46142,46143,46144,46147,46148],{},"turn text like ",[15,46145,46146],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46149,46150],{},"42",[129,46152,46153],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[129,46155,46156],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[129,46158,46159],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46161,46162],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[30,46164,33],{"id":32},[35,46166,46168],{"className":37,"code":46167,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46169,46170,46188,46202],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46171,46172,46174,46176,46178,46180,46182,46184,46186],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46173,82],{"class":58},[44,46175,63],{"class":62},[44,46177,588],{"class":426},[44,46179,63],{"class":62},[44,46181,67],{"class":66},[44,46183,46150],{"class":70},[44,46185,67],{"class":66},[44,46187,434],{"class":62},[44,46189,46190,46192,46194,46196,46198,46200],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,46191,82],{"class":58},[44,46193,63],{"class":62},[44,46195,588],{"class":426},[44,46197,63],{"class":62},[44,46199,41800],{"class":452},[44,46201,434],{"class":62},[44,46203,46204,46206,46208,46210,46212,46214,46217,46219,46221,46223],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,46205,82],{"class":58},[44,46207,63],{"class":62},[44,46209,588],{"class":426},[44,46211,63],{"class":62},[44,46213,67],{"class":66},[44,46215,46216],{"class":70},"101",[44,46218,67],{"class":66},[44,46220,186],{"class":62},[44,46222,2812],{"class":452},[44,46224,434],{"class":62},[20,46226,1031],{},[35,46228,46230],{"className":37,"code":46229,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46231,46232,46237,46242],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46233,46234],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46235,46236],{"class":452},"42\n",[44,46238,46239],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,46240,46241],{"class":452},"3\n",[44,46243,46244],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,46245,2766],{"class":452},[20,46247,103,46248,46250],{},[15,46249,496],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[30,46252,113,46254,116],{"id":46253},"what-int-does",[15,46255,496],{},[20,46257,46258,46260],{},[15,46259,496],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46262,12877],{},[126,46264,46265,46270,46273],{},[129,46266,46267,46268,7170],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46269,588],{},[129,46271,46272],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[129,46274,46275],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46277,145],{},[35,46279,46281],{"className":37,"code":46280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46282,46283,46295,46309,46313,46323,46333,46347],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46284,46285,46287,46289,46291,46293],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46286,34514],{"class":50},[44,46288,55],{"class":54},[44,46290,1438],{"class":66},[44,46292,485],{"class":70},[44,46294,3176],{"class":66},[44,46296,46297,46299,46301,46303,46305,46307],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,46298,2046],{"class":50},[44,46300,55],{"class":54},[44,46302,520],{"class":426},[44,46304,63],{"class":62},[44,46306,34535],{"class":97},[44,46308,76],{"class":62},[44,46310,46311],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,46312,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,46314,46315,46317,46319,46321],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,46316,82],{"class":58},[44,46318,63],{"class":62},[44,46320,34535],{"class":97},[44,46322,76],{"class":62},[44,46324,46325,46327,46329,46331],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,46326,82],{"class":58},[44,46328,63],{"class":62},[44,46330,2069],{"class":97},[44,46332,76],{"class":62},[44,46334,46335,46337,46339,46341,46343,46345],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,46336,82],{"class":58},[44,46338,63],{"class":62},[44,46340,427],{"class":426},[44,46342,63],{"class":62},[44,46344,34535],{"class":97},[44,46346,434],{"class":62},[44,46348,46349,46351,46353,46355,46357,46359],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,46350,82],{"class":58},[44,46352,63],{"class":62},[44,46354,427],{"class":426},[44,46356,63],{"class":62},[44,46358,2069],{"class":97},[44,46360,434],{"class":62},[20,46362,1031],{},[35,46364,46366],{"className":37,"code":46365,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46367,46368,46372,46376,46390],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46369,46370],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46371,458],{"class":452},[44,46373,46374],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,46375,458],{"class":452},[44,46377,46378,46380,46382,46384,46386,46388],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,46379,463],{"class":54},[44,46381,467],{"class":466},[44,46383,470],{"class":66},[44,46385,473],{"class":70},[44,46387,476],{"class":66},[44,46389,479],{"class":54},[44,46391,46392,46394,46396,46398,46400,46402],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,46393,463],{"class":54},[44,46395,467],{"class":466},[44,46397,470],{"class":66},[44,46399,588],{"class":70},[44,46401,476],{"class":66},[44,46403,479],{"class":54},[20,46405,46406,46407,46409],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46408,496],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[30,46411,250],{"id":249},[35,46413,46415],{"className":37,"code":46414,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46416,46417,46427],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46418,46419,46421,46423,46425],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46420,588],{"class":426},[44,46422,63],{"class":62},[44,46424,2003],{"class":97},[44,46426,76],{"class":62},[44,46428,46429,46431,46433,46435,46437,46440],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,46430,588],{"class":426},[44,46432,63],{"class":62},[44,46434,2003],{"class":97},[44,46436,186],{"class":62},[44,46438,46439],{"class":97}," base",[44,46441,76],{"class":62},[600,46443,46445],{"id":46444},"intx",[15,46446,46447],{},"int(x)",[20,46449,46450],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[126,46452,46453,46458,46463],{},[129,46454,46455,46456],{},"a string such as ",[15,46457,41942],{},[129,46459,46460,46461],{},"a float such as ",[15,46462,41800],{},[129,46464,46465,46466],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46467,3420],{},[20,46469,145],{},[35,46471,46473],{"className":37,"code":46472,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46474,46475,46493,46508],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46476,46477,46479,46481,46483,46485,46487,46489,46491],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46478,82],{"class":58},[44,46480,63],{"class":62},[44,46482,588],{"class":426},[44,46484,63],{"class":62},[44,46486,67],{"class":66},[44,46488,2161],{"class":70},[44,46490,67],{"class":66},[44,46492,434],{"class":62},[44,46494,46495,46497,46499,46501,46503,46506],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,46496,82],{"class":58},[44,46498,63],{"class":62},[44,46500,588],{"class":426},[44,46502,63],{"class":62},[44,46504,46505],{"class":452},"8.7",[44,46507,434],{"class":62},[44,46509,46510,46512,46514,46516,46518,46520],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,46511,82],{"class":58},[44,46513,63],{"class":62},[44,46515,588],{"class":426},[44,46517,63],{"class":62},[44,46519,3420],{"class":3674},[44,46521,434],{"class":62},[20,46523,1031],{},[35,46525,46527],{"className":37,"code":46526,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46528,46529,46533,46537],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46530,46531],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46532,2207],{"class":452},[44,46534,46535],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,46536,2212],{"class":452},[44,46538,46539],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,46540,46541],{"class":452},"1\n",[600,46543,46545],{"id":46544},"intx-base",[15,46546,46547],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46549,46550,46551,46553],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46552,2003],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46555,46556],{},"Common bases:",[126,46558,46559,46564,46569],{},[129,46560,46561,46563],{},[15,46562,1889],{}," for binary",[129,46565,46566,46568],{},[15,46567,2176],{}," for octal",[129,46570,46571,46574],{},[15,46572,46573],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46576,145],{},[35,46578,46580],{"className":37,"code":46579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46581,46582,46604,46627],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46583,46584,46586,46588,46590,46592,46594,46596,46598,46600,46602],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46585,82],{"class":58},[44,46587,63],{"class":62},[44,46589,588],{"class":426},[44,46591,63],{"class":62},[44,46593,67],{"class":66},[44,46595,46216],{"class":70},[44,46597,67],{"class":66},[44,46599,186],{"class":62},[44,46601,2812],{"class":452},[44,46603,434],{"class":62},[44,46605,46606,46608,46610,46612,46614,46616,46619,46621,46623,46625],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,46607,82],{"class":58},[44,46609,63],{"class":62},[44,46611,588],{"class":426},[44,46613,63],{"class":62},[44,46615,67],{"class":66},[44,46617,46618],{"class":70},"17",[44,46620,67],{"class":66},[44,46622,186],{"class":62},[44,46624,6189],{"class":452},[44,46626,434],{"class":62},[44,46628,46629,46631,46633,46635,46637,46639,46642,46644,46646,46648],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,46630,82],{"class":58},[44,46632,63],{"class":62},[44,46634,588],{"class":426},[44,46636,63],{"class":62},[44,46638,67],{"class":66},[44,46640,46641],{"class":70},"1A",[44,46643,67],{"class":66},[44,46645,186],{"class":62},[44,46647,13814],{"class":452},[44,46649,434],{"class":62},[20,46651,1031],{},[35,46653,46655],{"className":37,"code":46654,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,46656,46657,46661,46666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46658,46659],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46660,2766],{"class":452},[44,46662,46663],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,46664,46665],{"class":452},"15\n",[44,46667,46668],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,46669,46670],{"class":452},"26\n",[20,46672,46673,46674,504],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[491,46675,46676,2133],{"href":500},[15,46677,503],{},[30,46679,8243,46681,46683],{"id":46680},"using-int-with-strings",[15,46682,496],{}," with strings",[20,46685,46686,46688],{},[15,46687,496],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,46690,46691],{},"Examples that work:",[35,46693,46695],{"className":37,"code":46694,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,46696,46697,46715,46733],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46698,46699,46701,46703,46705,46707,46709,46711,46713],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46700,82],{"class":58},[44,46702,63],{"class":62},[44,46704,588],{"class":426},[44,46706,63],{"class":62},[44,46708,67],{"class":66},[44,46710,1129],{"class":70},[44,46712,67],{"class":66},[44,46714,434],{"class":62},[44,46716,46717,46719,46721,46723,46725,46727,46729,46731],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,46718,82],{"class":58},[44,46720,63],{"class":62},[44,46722,588],{"class":426},[44,46724,63],{"class":62},[44,46726,67],{"class":66},[44,46728,2122],{"class":70},[44,46730,67],{"class":66},[44,46732,434],{"class":62},[44,46734,46735,46737,46739,46741,46743,46745,46748,46750],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,46736,82],{"class":58},[44,46738,63],{"class":62},[44,46740,588],{"class":426},[44,46742,63],{"class":62},[44,46744,67],{"class":66},[44,46746,46747],{"class":70},"  42  ",[44,46749,67],{"class":66},[44,46751,434],{"class":62},[20,46753,1031],{},[35,46755,46757],{"className":37,"code":46756,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,46758,46759,46763,46769],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46760,46761],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46762,2766],{"class":452},[44,46764,46765,46767],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,46766,1854],{"class":54},[44,46768,2054],{"class":452},[44,46770,46771],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,46772,46236],{"class":452},[20,46774,46775],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,46777,46778],{},"Examples that fail:",[35,46780,46782],{"className":37,"code":46781,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,46783,46784,46789],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46785,46786],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46787,46788],{"class":3483},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[44,46790,46791],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,46792,46793],{"class":3483},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,46795,46796,46797,46799],{},"These raise ",[15,46798,1144],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[600,46801,46803],{"id":46802},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[35,46805,46807],{"className":37,"code":46806,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,46808,46809,46827,46846],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46810,46811,46813,46815,46817,46819,46821,46823,46825],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46812,82],{"class":58},[44,46814,63],{"class":62},[44,46816,588],{"class":426},[44,46818,63],{"class":62},[44,46820,67],{"class":66},[44,46822,1951],{"class":70},[44,46824,67],{"class":66},[44,46826,434],{"class":62},[44,46828,46829,46831,46833,46835,46837,46839,46842,46844],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,46830,82],{"class":58},[44,46832,63],{"class":62},[44,46834,588],{"class":426},[44,46836,63],{"class":62},[44,46838,67],{"class":66},[44,46840,46841],{"class":70},"+7",[44,46843,67],{"class":66},[44,46845,434],{"class":62},[44,46847,46848,46850,46852,46854,46856,46858,46861,46863],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,46849,82],{"class":58},[44,46851,63],{"class":62},[44,46853,588],{"class":426},[44,46855,63],{"class":62},[44,46857,67],{"class":66},[44,46859,46860],{"class":70},"-100",[44,46862,67],{"class":66},[44,46864,434],{"class":62},[20,46866,1031],{},[35,46868,46870],{"className":37,"code":46869,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,46871,46872,46877,46881],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46873,46874],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46875,46876],{"class":452},"0\n",[44,46878,46879],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,46880,1911],{"class":452},[44,46882,46883,46885],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,46884,1854],{"class":54},[44,46886,46887],{"class":452},"100\n",[600,46889,46891],{"id":46890},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[35,46893,46895],{"className":37,"code":46894,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,46896,46897,46935,46939,46951,46958,46973,46988],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46898,46899,46901,46903,46905,46907,46909,46911,46913,46915,46918,46920,46922,46924,46926,46928,46931,46933],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46900,3644],{"class":50},[44,46902,55],{"class":54},[44,46904,3440],{"class":62},[44,46906,67],{"class":66},[44,46908,39968],{"class":70},[44,46910,67],{"class":66},[44,46912,186],{"class":62},[44,46914,1438],{"class":66},[44,46916,46917],{"class":70},"12abc",[44,46919,67],{"class":66},[44,46921,186],{"class":62},[44,46923,5955],{"class":66},[44,46925,186],{"class":62},[44,46927,1438],{"class":66},[44,46929,46930],{"class":70},"seven",[44,46932,67],{"class":66},[44,46934,3453],{"class":62},[44,46936,46937],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,46938,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,46940,46941,46943,46945,46947,46949],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,46942,5787],{"class":1384},[44,46944,21413],{"class":50},[44,46946,3705],{"class":1384},[44,46948,3708],{"class":50},[44,46950,1388],{"class":62},[44,46952,46953,46956],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,46954,46955],{"class":1384},"    try",[44,46957,1388],{"class":62},[44,46959,46960,46963,46965,46967,46969,46971],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,46961,46962],{"class":58},"        print",[44,46964,63],{"class":62},[44,46966,588],{"class":426},[44,46968,63],{"class":62},[44,46970,354],{"class":97},[44,46972,434],{"class":62},[44,46974,46975,46978,46980,46983,46986],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,46976,46977],{"class":1384},"    except",[44,46979,1453],{"class":426},[44,46981,46982],{"class":1384}," as",[44,46984,46985],{"class":50}," error",[44,46987,1388],{"class":62},[44,46989,46990,46992,46994,46996,46998,47000,47002,47005,47007,47010,47012,47015,47017,47019],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,46991,46962],{"class":58},[44,46993,63],{"class":62},[44,46995,22122],{"class":466},[44,46997,67],{"class":70},[44,46999,9100],{"class":452},[44,47001,354],{"class":97},[44,47003,47004],{"class":466},"!r",[44,47006,22131],{"class":452},[44,47008,47009],{"class":70}," -> ",[44,47011,9100],{"class":452},[44,47013,47014],{"class":97},"error",[44,47016,22131],{"class":452},[44,47018,67],{"class":70},[44,47020,76],{"class":62},[20,47022,1031],{},[35,47024,47026],{"className":37,"code":47025,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47027,47028,47064,47096,47121],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47029,47030,47032,47034,47036,47039,47042,47044,47046,47048,47051,47054,47056,47058,47060,47062],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47031,476],{"class":43142},[44,47033,39968],{"class":43146},[44,47035,476],{"class":43142},[44,47037,47038],{"class":212}," ->",[44,47040,47041],{"class":50}," invalid literal ",[44,47043,5787],{"class":1384},[44,47045,520],{"class":426},[44,47047,7196],{"class":62},[44,47049,47050],{"class":1384}," with",[44,47052,47053],{"class":50}," base ",[44,47055,2161],{"class":452},[44,47057,449],{"class":62},[44,47059,470],{"class":66},[44,47061,39968],{"class":70},[44,47063,29530],{"class":66},[44,47065,47066,47068,47070,47072,47074,47076,47078,47080,47082,47084,47086,47088,47090,47092,47094],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,47067,476],{"class":66},[44,47069,46917],{"class":70},[44,47071,476],{"class":66},[44,47073,47038],{"class":212},[44,47075,47041],{"class":50},[44,47077,5787],{"class":1384},[44,47079,520],{"class":426},[44,47081,7196],{"class":62},[44,47083,47050],{"class":1384},[44,47085,47053],{"class":50},[44,47087,2161],{"class":452},[44,47089,449],{"class":62},[44,47091,470],{"class":66},[44,47093,46917],{"class":70},[44,47095,29530],{"class":66},[44,47097,47098,47100,47102,47104,47106,47108,47110,47112,47114,47116,47118],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,47099,3594],{"class":66},[44,47101,47038],{"class":212},[44,47103,47041],{"class":50},[44,47105,5787],{"class":1384},[44,47107,520],{"class":426},[44,47109,7196],{"class":62},[44,47111,47050],{"class":1384},[44,47113,47053],{"class":50},[44,47115,2161],{"class":452},[44,47117,449],{"class":62},[44,47119,47120],{"class":66}," ''\n",[44,47122,47123,47125,47127,47129,47131,47133,47135,47137,47139,47141,47143,47145,47147,47149,47151],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,47124,476],{"class":66},[44,47126,46930],{"class":70},[44,47128,476],{"class":66},[44,47130,47038],{"class":212},[44,47132,47041],{"class":50},[44,47134,5787],{"class":1384},[44,47136,520],{"class":426},[44,47138,7196],{"class":62},[44,47140,47050],{"class":1384},[44,47142,47053],{"class":50},[44,47144,2161],{"class":452},[44,47146,449],{"class":62},[44,47148,470],{"class":66},[44,47150,46930],{"class":70},[44,47152,29530],{"class":66},[20,47154,47155,47156,47158,47159,504],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[491,47157,729],{"href":728}," and the ",[491,47160,47161,2133],{"href":8047},[15,47162,17],{},[30,47164,8243,47166,47168],{"id":47165},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47167,496],{}," with floats",[20,47170,47171,47172,47174],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47173,496],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47176,47177,47178,13880,47180,47182],{},"Important: ",[15,47179,496],{},[3563,47181,4457],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[35,47184,47186],{"className":37,"code":47185,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47187,47188,47202,47217,47233],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47189,47190,47192,47194,47196,47198,47200],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47191,82],{"class":58},[44,47193,63],{"class":62},[44,47195,588],{"class":426},[44,47197,63],{"class":62},[44,47199,41800],{"class":452},[44,47201,434],{"class":62},[44,47203,47204,47206,47208,47210,47212,47215],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,47205,82],{"class":58},[44,47207,63],{"class":62},[44,47209,588],{"class":426},[44,47211,63],{"class":62},[44,47213,47214],{"class":452},"3.1",[44,47216,434],{"class":62},[44,47218,47219,47221,47223,47225,47227,47229,47231],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,47220,82],{"class":58},[44,47222,63],{"class":62},[44,47224,588],{"class":426},[44,47226,63],{"class":62},[44,47228,1854],{"class":54},[44,47230,41800],{"class":452},[44,47232,434],{"class":62},[44,47234,47235,47237,47239,47241,47243,47245,47247],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,47236,82],{"class":58},[44,47238,63],{"class":62},[44,47240,588],{"class":426},[44,47242,63],{"class":62},[44,47244,1854],{"class":54},[44,47246,47214],{"class":452},[44,47248,434],{"class":62},[20,47250,1031],{},[35,47252,47254],{"className":37,"code":47253,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47255,47256,47260,47264,47270],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47257,47258],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47259,46241],{"class":452},[44,47261,47262],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,47263,46241],{"class":452},[44,47265,47266,47268],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,47267,1854],{"class":54},[44,47269,46241],{"class":452},[44,47271,47272,47274],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,47273,1854],{"class":54},[44,47275,46241],{"class":452},[20,47277,47278],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[126,47280,47281,47288],{},[129,47282,47283,1698,47286],{},[15,47284,47285],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47287,1894],{},[129,47289,47290,1698,47293],{},[15,47291,47292],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47294,47295],{},"-3",[20,47297,47298,47299,47303,47304,504],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[491,47300,47301],{"href":500},[15,47302,503],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[491,47305,47306],{"href":41990},[15,47307,47308],{},"str()",[30,47310,8243,47312,47314],{"id":47311},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47313,496],{}," with booleans",[20,47316,47317],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[35,47319,47321],{"className":37,"code":47320,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47322,47323,47337],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47324,47325,47327,47329,47331,47333,47335],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47326,82],{"class":58},[44,47328,63],{"class":62},[44,47330,588],{"class":426},[44,47332,63],{"class":62},[44,47334,3420],{"class":3674},[44,47336,434],{"class":62},[44,47338,47339,47341,47343,47345,47347,47349],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,47340,82],{"class":58},[44,47342,63],{"class":62},[44,47344,588],{"class":426},[44,47346,63],{"class":62},[44,47348,3494],{"class":3674},[44,47350,434],{"class":62},[20,47352,1031],{},[35,47354,47356],{"className":37,"code":47355,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n0\n",[15,47357,47358,47362],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47359,47360],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47361,46541],{"class":452},[44,47363,47364],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,47365,46876],{"class":452},[20,47367,47368],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[35,47370,47372],{"className":37,"code":47371,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47373,47374,47383,47398,47402],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47375,47376,47379,47381],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47377,47378],{"class":50},"passed ",[44,47380,55],{"class":54},[44,47382,6252],{"class":3674},[44,47384,47385,47387,47389,47391,47393,47396],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,47386,791],{"class":50},[44,47388,55],{"class":54},[44,47390,520],{"class":426},[44,47392,63],{"class":62},[44,47394,47395],{"class":97},"passed",[44,47397,76],{"class":62},[44,47399,47400],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,47401,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,47403,47404,47406,47408,47410],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,47405,82],{"class":58},[44,47407,63],{"class":62},[44,47409,41034],{"class":97},[44,47411,76],{"class":62},[20,47413,1031],{},[35,47415,47416],{"className":37,"code":46541,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47417,47418],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47419,47420],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47421,46541],{"class":452},[20,47423,47424,47425,504],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[491,47426,47427,2133],{"href":5609},[15,47428,3634],{},[30,47430,47432],{"id":47431},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47434,47435,47436,47439],{},"Use the ",[15,47437,47438],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[600,47441,47443],{"id":47442},"binary-example","Binary example",[35,47445,47447],{"className":37,"code":47446,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47448,47449],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47450,47451,47453,47455,47457,47459,47461,47463,47465,47467,47469],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47452,82],{"class":58},[44,47454,63],{"class":62},[44,47456,588],{"class":426},[44,47458,63],{"class":62},[44,47460,67],{"class":66},[44,47462,46216],{"class":70},[44,47464,67],{"class":66},[44,47466,186],{"class":62},[44,47468,2812],{"class":452},[44,47470,434],{"class":62},[20,47472,1031],{},[35,47474,47475],{"className":37,"code":2766,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47476,47477],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47478,47479],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47480,2766],{"class":452},[20,47482,47483,47486],{},[15,47484,47485],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[126,47488,47489,47494,47499],{},[129,47490,47491],{},[15,47492,47493],{},"1 × 4",[129,47495,47496],{},[15,47497,47498],{},"0 × 2",[129,47500,47501],{},[15,47502,47503],{},"1 × 1",[20,47505,47506,47507,504],{},"So the result is ",[15,47508,1129],{},[600,47510,47512],{"id":47511},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[35,47514,47516],{"className":37,"code":47515,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47517,47518],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47519,47520,47522,47524,47526,47528,47530,47532,47534,47536,47538],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47521,82],{"class":58},[44,47523,63],{"class":62},[44,47525,588],{"class":426},[44,47527,63],{"class":62},[44,47529,67],{"class":66},[44,47531,46641],{"class":70},[44,47533,67],{"class":66},[44,47535,186],{"class":62},[44,47537,13814],{"class":452},[44,47539,434],{"class":62},[20,47541,1031],{},[35,47543,47544],{"className":37,"code":46670,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47545,47546],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47547,47548],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47549,46670],{"class":452},[600,47551,47553],{"id":47552},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47555,22,47556,47558],{},[15,47557,47438],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47560,47561],{},"Good:",[35,47563,47564],{"className":37,"code":47446,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47565,47566],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47567,47568,47570,47572,47574,47576,47578,47580,47582,47584,47586],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47569,82],{"class":58},[44,47571,63],{"class":62},[44,47573,588],{"class":426},[44,47575,63],{"class":62},[44,47577,67],{"class":66},[44,47579,46216],{"class":70},[44,47581,67],{"class":66},[44,47583,186],{"class":62},[44,47585,2812],{"class":452},[44,47587,434],{"class":62},[20,47589,47590],{},"Not correct:",[35,47592,47594],{"className":37,"code":47593,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47595,47596],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47597,47598],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47599,47593],{"class":3483},[20,47601,47602,47603,8428,47605,47607],{},"That causes a ",[15,47604,2825],{},[15,47606,47438],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[30,47609,47611],{"id":47610},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,47613,47614,47615,47617,47618,1126,47620,504],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,47616,496],{}," are ",[15,47619,1144],{},[15,47621,2825],{},[600,47623,47624],{"id":41336},[15,47625,1144],{},[20,47627,47628],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,47630,145],{},[35,47632,47634],{"className":37,"code":47633,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47635,47636,47642,47660,47672],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47637,47638,47640],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47639,1385],{"class":1384},[44,47641,1388],{"class":62},[44,47643,47644,47646,47648,47650,47652,47654,47656,47658],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,47645,1416],{"class":58},[44,47647,63],{"class":62},[44,47649,588],{"class":426},[44,47651,63],{"class":62},[44,47653,67],{"class":66},[44,47655,39968],{"class":70},[44,47657,67],{"class":66},[44,47659,434],{"class":62},[44,47661,47662,47664,47666,47668,47670],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,47663,1450],{"class":1384},[44,47665,1453],{"class":426},[44,47667,46982],{"class":1384},[44,47669,46985],{"class":50},[44,47671,1388],{"class":62},[44,47673,47674,47676,47678,47680],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,47675,1416],{"class":58},[44,47677,63],{"class":62},[44,47679,47014],{"class":97},[44,47681,76],{"class":62},[20,47683,1031],{},[35,47685,47687],{"className":37,"code":47686,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,47688,47689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47690,47691,47694,47696,47698,47700,47702,47704,47706,47708,47710,47712],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47692,47693],{"class":50},"invalid literal ",[44,47695,5787],{"class":1384},[44,47697,520],{"class":426},[44,47699,7196],{"class":62},[44,47701,47050],{"class":1384},[44,47703,47053],{"class":50},[44,47705,2161],{"class":452},[44,47707,449],{"class":62},[44,47709,470],{"class":66},[44,47711,39968],{"class":70},[44,47713,29530],{"class":66},[20,47715,47716,47717,47720,47721,47723],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,47718,47719],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,47722,496],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[35,47725,47727],{"className":37,"code":47726,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,47728,47729],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47730,47731,47733,47735,47737,47739,47741,47743,47745,47747,47749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47732,82],{"class":58},[44,47734,63],{"class":62},[44,47736,588],{"class":426},[44,47738,63],{"class":62},[44,47740,2021],{"class":426},[44,47742,63],{"class":62},[44,47744,67],{"class":66},[44,47746,39968],{"class":70},[44,47748,67],{"class":66},[44,47750,2731],{"class":62},[20,47752,1031],{},[35,47754,47755],{"className":37,"code":46241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47756,47757],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47758,47759],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47760,46241],{"class":452},[20,47762,47763,47764,1126,47767,504],{},"If you see this often, read ",[491,47765,47766],{"href":2780},"how to convert string to int in Python",[491,47768,25509,47769],{"href":1191},[15,47770,1192],{},[600,47772,47773],{"id":41401},[15,47774,2825],{},[20,47776,47777],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,47779,145],{},[35,47781,47783],{"className":37,"code":47782,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47784,47785,47791,47805,47818],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47786,47787,47789],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47788,1385],{"class":1384},[44,47790,1388],{"class":62},[44,47792,47793,47795,47797,47799,47801,47803],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,47794,1416],{"class":58},[44,47796,63],{"class":62},[44,47798,588],{"class":426},[44,47800,63],{"class":62},[44,47802,3599],{"class":3674},[44,47804,434],{"class":62},[44,47806,47807,47809,47812,47814,47816],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,47808,1450],{"class":1384},[44,47810,47811],{"class":426}," TypeError",[44,47813,46982],{"class":1384},[44,47815,46985],{"class":50},[44,47817,1388],{"class":62},[44,47819,47820,47822,47824,47826],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,47821,1416],{"class":58},[44,47823,63],{"class":62},[44,47825,47014],{"class":97},[44,47827,76],{"class":62},[20,47829,1031],{},[35,47831,47833],{"className":37,"code":47832,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,47834,47835],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47836,47837,47839,47841,47844,47846,47848,47851,47853,47856,47858,47861,47863,47865,47867,47869,47872],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47838,588],{"class":426},[44,47840,7196],{"class":62},[44,47842,47843],{"class":50}," argument must be a string",[44,47845,186],{"class":62},[44,47847,44359],{"class":50},[44,47849,47850],{"class":426},"bytes",[44,47852,1854],{"class":54},[44,47854,47855],{"class":50},"like ",[44,47857,42213],{"class":426},[44,47859,47860],{"class":54}," or",[44,47862,40664],{"class":50},[44,47864,186],{"class":62},[44,47866,7927],{"class":54},[44,47868,470],{"class":66},[44,47870,47871],{"class":70},"NoneType",[44,47873,29530],{"class":66},[20,47875,47876,47877,47879],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,47878,47438],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[35,47881,47883],{"className":37,"code":47882,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47884,47885,47891,47909,47921],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47886,47887,47889],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47888,1385],{"class":1384},[44,47890,1388],{"class":62},[44,47892,47893,47895,47897,47899,47901,47903,47905,47907],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,47894,1416],{"class":58},[44,47896,63],{"class":62},[44,47898,588],{"class":426},[44,47900,63],{"class":62},[44,47902,46216],{"class":452},[44,47904,186],{"class":62},[44,47906,2812],{"class":452},[44,47908,434],{"class":62},[44,47910,47911,47913,47915,47917,47919],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,47912,1450],{"class":1384},[44,47914,47811],{"class":426},[44,47916,46982],{"class":1384},[44,47918,46985],{"class":50},[44,47920,1388],{"class":62},[44,47922,47923,47925,47927,47929],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,47924,1416],{"class":58},[44,47926,63],{"class":62},[44,47928,47014],{"class":97},[44,47930,76],{"class":62},[20,47932,1031],{},[35,47934,47936],{"className":37,"code":47935,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,47937,47938],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47939,47940,47942,47944,47947,47949],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47941,588],{"class":426},[44,47943,7196],{"class":62},[44,47945,47946],{"class":50}," can",[44,47948,476],{"class":66},[44,47950,47951],{"class":70},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[30,47953,4788,47955],{"id":47954},"when-to-use-int",[15,47956,496],{},[20,47958,103,47959,47961],{},[15,47960,496],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,47963,47964],{},"Common uses:",[126,47966,47967,47973,47976,47979],{},[129,47968,47969,47970,47972],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,47971,17],{}," into integers",[129,47974,47975],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[129,47977,47978],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[129,47980,47981,47982,36441],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,47983,47438],{},[20,47985,47986],{},"Example with user input:",[35,47988,47990],{"className":37,"code":47989,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,47991,47992,48006,48021,48025],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47993,47994,47997,47999,48001,48004],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47995,47996],{"class":50},"age_text ",[44,47998,55],{"class":54},[44,48000,1438],{"class":66},[44,48002,48003],{"class":70},"18",[44,48005,3176],{"class":66},[44,48007,48008,48010,48012,48014,48016,48019],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,48009,390],{"class":50},[44,48011,55],{"class":54},[44,48013,520],{"class":426},[44,48015,63],{"class":62},[44,48017,48018],{"class":97},"age_text",[44,48020,76],{"class":62},[44,48022,48023],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,48024,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,48026,48027,48029,48031,48033,48035,48037],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,48028,82],{"class":58},[44,48030,63],{"class":62},[44,48032,390],{"class":97},[44,48034,708],{"class":54},[44,48036,711],{"class":452},[44,48038,76],{"class":62},[20,48040,1031],{},[35,48042,48044],{"className":37,"code":48043,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"19\n",[15,48045,48046],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48047,48048],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48049,48043],{"class":452},[30,48051,1486],{"id":1485},[20,48053,14560,48054,504],{},[15,48055,496],{},[600,48057,48059],{"id":48058},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48061,48062],{},"This fails:",[35,48064,48066],{"className":37,"code":48065,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48067,48068],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48069,48070],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48071,48065],{"class":3483},[20,48073,48074,48075,48078],{},"Why: ",[15,48076,48077],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48080,18671],{},[35,48082,48084],{"className":37,"code":48083,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48085,48086],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48087,48088,48090,48092,48094,48096,48098,48100,48102,48104,48106],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48089,82],{"class":58},[44,48091,63],{"class":62},[44,48093,588],{"class":426},[44,48095,63],{"class":62},[44,48097,2021],{"class":426},[44,48099,63],{"class":62},[44,48101,67],{"class":66},[44,48103,40947],{"class":70},[44,48105,67],{"class":66},[44,48107,2731],{"class":62},[600,48109,48111],{"id":48110},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48113,48062],{},[35,48115,48117],{"className":37,"code":48116,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48118,48119],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48120,48121],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48122,48116],{"class":3483},[20,48124,48125],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[600,48127,48129,48130],{"id":48128},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48131,48132],{},"int(None)",[20,48134,48135,48136,48138],{},"This fails because ",[15,48137,3599],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[35,48140,48142],{"className":37,"code":48141,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48143,48144,48153,48157,48163,48177,48189],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48145,48146,48148,48150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48147,338],{"class":50},[44,48149,55],{"class":54},[44,48151,48152],{"class":3674}," None\n",[44,48154,48155],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,48156,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,48158,48159,48161],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,48160,1385],{"class":1384},[44,48162,1388],{"class":62},[44,48164,48165,48167,48169,48171,48173,48175],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,48166,1416],{"class":58},[44,48168,63],{"class":62},[44,48170,588],{"class":426},[44,48172,63],{"class":62},[44,48174,354],{"class":97},[44,48176,434],{"class":62},[44,48178,48179,48181,48183,48185,48187],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,48180,1450],{"class":1384},[44,48182,47811],{"class":426},[44,48184,46982],{"class":1384},[44,48186,46985],{"class":50},[44,48188,1388],{"class":62},[44,48190,48191,48193,48195,48197],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,48192,1416],{"class":58},[44,48194,63],{"class":62},[44,48196,47014],{"class":97},[44,48198,76],{"class":62},[600,48200,48202],{"id":48201},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48204,48062],{},[35,48206,48207],{"className":37,"code":47593,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48208,48209],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48210,48211],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48212,47593],{"class":3483},[20,48214,48215],{},"Use a string instead:",[35,48217,48218],{"className":37,"code":47446,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48219,48220],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48221,48222,48224,48226,48228,48230,48232,48234,48236,48238,48240],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48223,82],{"class":58},[44,48225,63],{"class":62},[44,48227,588],{"class":426},[44,48229,63],{"class":62},[44,48231,67],{"class":66},[44,48233,46216],{"class":70},[44,48235,67],{"class":66},[44,48237,186],{"class":62},[44,48239,2812],{"class":452},[44,48241,434],{"class":62},[600,48243,8279,48245,48247],{"id":48244},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48246,496],{}," to round",[20,48249,48250],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[35,48252,48254],{"className":37,"code":48253,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48255,48256],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48257,48258,48260,48262,48264,48266,48269],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48259,82],{"class":58},[44,48261,63],{"class":62},[44,48263,588],{"class":426},[44,48265,63],{"class":62},[44,48267,48268],{"class":452},"4.9",[44,48270,434],{"class":62},[20,48272,1031],{},[35,48274,48276],{"className":37,"code":48275,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4\n",[15,48277,48278],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48279,48280],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48281,48275],{"class":452},[20,48283,2990,48284,48286,48287,48289],{},[15,48285,1129],{},", remember that ",[15,48288,496],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[30,48291,1651],{"id":1650},[600,48293,1655,48295,48297],{"id":48294},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48296,496],{}," round numbers?",[20,48299,1661,48300,48302],{},[15,48301,496],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[600,48304,1683,48306,48309],{"id":48305},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48307,48308],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48311,1692,48312,48314,48315,48317,48318,1667],{},[15,48313,47719],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48316,503],{}," first, then use ",[15,48319,496],{},[600,48321,4970,48323,12540],{"id":48322},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48324,48325],{},"int(True)",[20,48327,4976,48328,28144,48330,1698,48332,504],{},[15,48329,2807],{},[15,48331,3494],{},[15,48333,1951],{},[600,48335,48337],{"id":48336},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48339,48340],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[30,48342,1719],{"id":1718},[126,48344,48345,48351,48357,48363,48368,48372,48378],{},[129,48346,48347],{},[491,48348,48349,1738],{"href":500},[15,48350,503],{},[129,48352,48353],{},[491,48354,48355,1738],{"href":41990},[15,48356,47308],{},[129,48358,48359],{},[491,48360,48361,1738],{"href":5609},[15,48362,3634],{},[129,48364,48365],{},[491,48366,48367],{"href":2780},"How to convert string to int in Python",[129,48369,48370],{},[491,48371,1731],{"href":728},[129,48373,48374],{},[491,48375,48376,1738],{"href":8047},[15,48377,17],{},[129,48379,48380],{},[491,48381,30174,48382],{"href":1191},[15,48383,1192],{},[1758,48385,48386],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":48388},[48389,48390,48392,48396,48401,48403,48405,48410,48414,48416,48425,48434],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":46253,"depth":79,"text":48391},"What int() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250,"children":48393},[48394,48395],{"id":46444,"depth":419,"text":46447},{"id":46544,"depth":419,"text":46547},{"id":46680,"depth":79,"text":48397,"children":48398},"Using int() with strings",[48399,48400],{"id":46802,"depth":419,"text":46803},{"id":46890,"depth":419,"text":46891},{"id":47165,"depth":79,"text":48402},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47311,"depth":79,"text":48404},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47431,"depth":79,"text":47432,"children":48406},[48407,48408,48409],{"id":47442,"depth":419,"text":47443},{"id":47511,"depth":419,"text":47512},{"id":47552,"depth":419,"text":47553},{"id":47610,"depth":79,"text":47611,"children":48411},[48412,48413],{"id":41336,"depth":419,"text":1144},{"id":41401,"depth":419,"text":2825},{"id":47954,"depth":79,"text":48415},"When to use int()",{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486,"children":48417},[48418,48419,48420,48422,48423],{"id":48058,"depth":419,"text":48059},{"id":48110,"depth":419,"text":48111},{"id":48128,"depth":419,"text":48421},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48201,"depth":419,"text":48202},{"id":48244,"depth":419,"text":48424},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":48426},[48427,48429,48431,48433],{"id":48294,"depth":419,"text":48428},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48305,"depth":419,"text":48430},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48322,"depth":419,"text":48432},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48336,"depth":419,"text":48337},{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41912,"description":48435},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48442,"title":48443,"body":48444,"description":50280,"extension":1796,"meta":50281,"navigation":807,"path":44617,"seo":50282,"stem":50283,"__hash__":50284},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48445,"toc":50236},[48446,48451,48456,48464,48473,48475,48534,48540,48545,48550,48553,48581,48584,48587,48598,48608,48610,48612,48632,48636,48664,48666,48705,48707,48715,48717,48720,48724,48777,48779,48791,48795,48852,48854,48866,48872,48878,48882,48885,48888,48954,48956,48968,48974,48976,49028,49031,49072,49075,49082,49091,49097,49100,49133,49139,49142,49173,49179,49182,49194,49198,49203,49207,49365,49367,49382,49385,49389,49493,49495,49512,49516,49577,49579,49587,49590,49594,49661,49663,49672,49678,49680,49689,49691,49726,49731,49733,49763,49767,49769,49806,49809,49811,49848,49854,49856,49906,49908,49916,49926,49932,49936,49941,49990,49992,50005,50008,50010,50013,50088,50091,50110,50113,50143,50153,50155,50160,50167,50173,50179,50186,50194,50200,50203,50205,50233],[10,48447,13,48449,18],{"id":48448},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48450,44620],{},[20,48452,48453,48455],{},[15,48454,44620],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48457,48458,48459,497,48461,48463],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48460,3420],{},[15,48462,3494],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48465,48466,48467,48469,48470,48472],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48468,44620],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48471,2132],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[30,48474,3425],{"id":3424},[35,48476,48478],{"className":37,"code":48477,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48479,48480,48488,48492,48513],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48481,48482,48484,48486],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48483,338],{"class":50},[44,48485,55],{"class":54},[44,48487,2412],{"class":452},[44,48489,48490],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,48491,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,48493,48494,48496,48498,48501,48503,48505,48507,48509,48511],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,48495,82],{"class":58},[44,48497,63],{"class":62},[44,48499,48500],{"class":58},"isinstance",[44,48502,63],{"class":62},[44,48504,354],{"class":97},[44,48506,186],{"class":62},[44,48508,520],{"class":426},[44,48510,5190],{"class":62},[44,48512,43669],{"class":3483},[44,48514,48515,48517,48519,48521,48523,48525,48527,48530,48532],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,48516,82],{"class":58},[44,48518,63],{"class":62},[44,48520,48500],{"class":58},[44,48522,63],{"class":62},[44,48524,354],{"class":97},[44,48526,186],{"class":62},[44,48528,48529],{"class":426}," str",[44,48531,5190],{"class":62},[44,48533,43686],{"class":3483},[20,48535,103,48536,48539],{},[15,48537,48538],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[30,48541,113,48543,116],{"id":48542},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48544,44620],{},[20,48546,48547,48549],{},[15,48548,44620],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48551,48552],{},"It:",[126,48554,48555,48558,48564,48567],{},[129,48556,48557],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[129,48559,11249,48560,497,48562],{},[15,48561,3420],{},[15,48563,3494],{},[129,48565,48566],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[129,48568,48569,48570,2018,48572,2018,48574,2018,48576,16901,48579],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48571,473],{},[15,48573,588],{},[15,48575,7921],{},[15,48577,48578],{},"tuple",[15,48580,8646],{},[20,48582,48583],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,48585,48586],{},"For example, you might want to:",[126,48588,48589,48592,48595],{},[129,48590,48591],{},"loop through a list",[129,48593,48594],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[129,48596,48597],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,48599,48600,48601,497,48604,504],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[491,48602,44612],{"href":48603},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[491,48605,48607],{"href":48606},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[30,48609,250],{"id":249},[20,48611,1989],{},[35,48613,48615],{"className":37,"code":48614,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,48616,48617],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48618,48619,48621,48623,48625,48627,48630],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48620,48500],{"class":58},[44,48622,63],{"class":62},[44,48624,42213],{"class":426},[44,48626,186],{"class":62},[44,48628,48629],{"class":97}," classinfo",[44,48631,76],{"class":62},[600,48633,48635],{"id":48634},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[126,48637,48638,48643,48657],{},[129,48639,48640,48642],{},[15,48641,42213],{}," is the value you want to test",[129,48644,48645,48648,48649,2018,48651,2018,48653,2022,48655],{},[15,48646,48647],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,48650,588],{},[15,48652,473],{},[15,48654,7921],{},[15,48656,8646],{},[129,48658,48659,48660,497,48662],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,48661,3420],{},[15,48663,3494],{},[20,48665,145],{},[35,48667,48669],{"className":37,"code":48668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,48670,48671,48683,48687],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48672,48673,48675,48677,48679,48681],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48674,51],{"class":50},[44,48676,55],{"class":54},[44,48678,1438],{"class":66},[44,48680,11334],{"class":70},[44,48682,3176],{"class":66},[44,48684,48685],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,48686,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,48688,48689,48691,48693,48695,48697,48699,48701,48703],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,48690,82],{"class":58},[44,48692,63],{"class":62},[44,48694,48500],{"class":58},[44,48696,63],{"class":62},[44,48698,652],{"class":97},[44,48700,186],{"class":62},[44,48702,48529],{"class":426},[44,48704,434],{"class":62},[20,48706,1031],{},[35,48708,48709],{"className":37,"code":3803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48710,48711],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48712,48713],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48714,3803],{"class":3674},[30,48716,11300],{"id":11299},[20,48718,48719],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[600,48721,48723],{"id":48722},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[35,48725,48727],{"className":37,"code":48726,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,48728,48729,48737,48741,48759],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48730,48731,48733,48735],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48732,338],{"class":50},[44,48734,55],{"class":54},[44,48736,453],{"class":452},[44,48738,48739],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,48740,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,48742,48743,48745,48747,48749,48751,48753,48755,48757],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,48744,82],{"class":58},[44,48746,63],{"class":62},[44,48748,48500],{"class":58},[44,48750,63],{"class":62},[44,48752,354],{"class":97},[44,48754,186],{"class":62},[44,48756,520],{"class":426},[44,48758,434],{"class":62},[44,48760,48761,48763,48765,48767,48769,48771,48773,48775],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,48762,82],{"class":58},[44,48764,63],{"class":62},[44,48766,48500],{"class":58},[44,48768,63],{"class":62},[44,48770,354],{"class":97},[44,48772,186],{"class":62},[44,48774,48529],{"class":426},[44,48776,434],{"class":62},[20,48778,1031],{},[35,48780,48781],{"className":37,"code":43988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48782,48783,48787],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48784,48785],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48786,3803],{"class":3674},[44,48788,48789],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,48790,3864],{"class":3674},[600,48792,48794],{"id":48793},"check-text","Check text",[35,48796,48798],{"className":37,"code":48797,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,48799,48800,48812,48816,48834],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48801,48802,48804,48806,48808,48810],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48803,34514],{"class":50},[44,48805,55],{"class":54},[44,48807,1438],{"class":66},[44,48809,3667],{"class":70},[44,48811,3176],{"class":66},[44,48813,48814],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,48815,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,48817,48818,48820,48822,48824,48826,48828,48830,48832],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,48819,82],{"class":58},[44,48821,63],{"class":62},[44,48823,48500],{"class":58},[44,48825,63],{"class":62},[44,48827,34535],{"class":97},[44,48829,186],{"class":62},[44,48831,48529],{"class":426},[44,48833,434],{"class":62},[44,48835,48836,48838,48840,48842,48844,48846,48848,48850],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,48837,82],{"class":58},[44,48839,63],{"class":62},[44,48841,48500],{"class":58},[44,48843,63],{"class":62},[44,48845,34535],{"class":97},[44,48847,186],{"class":62},[44,48849,520],{"class":426},[44,48851,434],{"class":62},[20,48853,1031],{},[35,48855,48856],{"className":37,"code":43988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48857,48858,48862],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48859,48860],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48861,3803],{"class":3674},[44,48863,48864],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,48865,3864],{"class":3674},[20,48867,48868,48869,48871],{},"In both examples, ",[15,48870,44620],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,48873,48874,48875,504],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[491,48876,48877],{"href":2780},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[30,48879,48881],{"id":48880},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,48883,48884],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,48886,48887],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[35,48889,48891],{"className":37,"code":48890,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,48892,48893,48902,48906,48930],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48894,48895,48897,48899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48896,338],{"class":50},[44,48898,55],{"class":54},[44,48900,48901],{"class":452}," 3.5\n",[44,48903,48904],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,48905,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,48907,48908,48910,48912,48914,48916,48918,48920,48922,48924,48926,48928],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,48909,82],{"class":58},[44,48911,63],{"class":62},[44,48913,48500],{"class":58},[44,48915,63],{"class":62},[44,48917,354],{"class":97},[44,48919,186],{"class":62},[44,48921,9058],{"class":62},[44,48923,588],{"class":426},[44,48925,186],{"class":62},[44,48927,40080],{"class":426},[44,48929,2731],{"class":62},[44,48931,48932,48934,48936,48938,48940,48942,48944,48946,48948,48950,48952],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,48933,82],{"class":58},[44,48935,63],{"class":62},[44,48937,48500],{"class":58},[44,48939,63],{"class":62},[44,48941,354],{"class":97},[44,48943,186],{"class":62},[44,48945,9058],{"class":62},[44,48947,473],{"class":426},[44,48949,186],{"class":62},[44,48951,22388],{"class":426},[44,48953,2731],{"class":62},[20,48955,1031],{},[35,48957,48958],{"className":37,"code":43988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48959,48960,48964],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48961,48962],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48963,3803],{"class":3674},[44,48965,48966],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,48967,3864],{"class":3674},[20,48969,48970,48971,48973],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,48972,40661],{}," conditions.",[20,48975,8123],{},[35,48977,48979],{"className":37,"code":48978,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,48980,48981,48989,48993],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48982,48983,48985,48987],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48984,338],{"class":50},[44,48986,55],{"class":54},[44,48988,48901],{"class":452},[44,48990,48991],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,48992,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,48994,48995,48997,48999,49001,49003,49005,49007,49009,49011,49013,49016,49018,49020,49022,49024,49026],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,48996,82],{"class":58},[44,48998,63],{"class":62},[44,49000,427],{"class":426},[44,49002,63],{"class":62},[44,49004,354],{"class":97},[44,49006,3480],{"class":62},[44,49008,6237],{"class":54},[44,49010,520],{"class":426},[44,49012,47860],{"class":1384},[44,49014,49015],{"class":426}," type",[44,49017,63],{"class":62},[44,49019,354],{"class":97},[44,49021,3480],{"class":62},[44,49023,6237],{"class":54},[44,49025,40080],{"class":426},[44,49027,76],{"class":62},[20,49029,49030],{},"you can write this:",[35,49032,49034],{"className":37,"code":49033,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49035,49036,49044,49048],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49037,49038,49040,49042],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49039,338],{"class":50},[44,49041,55],{"class":54},[44,49043,48901],{"class":452},[44,49045,49046],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,49047,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,49049,49050,49052,49054,49056,49058,49060,49062,49064,49066,49068,49070],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,49051,82],{"class":58},[44,49053,63],{"class":62},[44,49055,48500],{"class":58},[44,49057,63],{"class":62},[44,49059,354],{"class":97},[44,49061,186],{"class":62},[44,49063,9058],{"class":62},[44,49065,588],{"class":426},[44,49067,186],{"class":62},[44,49069,40080],{"class":426},[44,49071,2731],{"class":62},[20,49073,49074],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[30,49076,49078,10408,49080],{"id":49077},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49079,44620],{},[15,49081,2132],{},[20,49083,10413,49084,1126,49086,49090],{},[15,49085,44620],{},[491,49087,49088],{"href":2129},[15,49089,2132],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[600,49092,49094],{"id":49093},"typevalue-int",[15,49095,49096],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49098,49099],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[35,49101,49103],{"className":37,"code":49102,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49104,49105,49113],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49106,49107,49109,49111],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49108,338],{"class":50},[44,49110,55],{"class":54},[44,49112,2412],{"class":452},[44,49114,49115,49117,49119,49121,49123,49125,49127,49129,49131],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,49116,82],{"class":58},[44,49118,63],{"class":62},[44,49120,427],{"class":426},[44,49122,63],{"class":62},[44,49124,354],{"class":97},[44,49126,3480],{"class":62},[44,49128,6237],{"class":54},[44,49130,520],{"class":426},[44,49132,76],{"class":62},[600,49134,49136],{"id":49135},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49137,49138],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49140,49141],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[35,49143,49145],{"className":37,"code":49144,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49146,49147,49155],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49148,49149,49151,49153],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49150,338],{"class":50},[44,49152,55],{"class":54},[44,49154,2412],{"class":452},[44,49156,49157,49159,49161,49163,49165,49167,49169,49171],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,49158,82],{"class":58},[44,49160,63],{"class":62},[44,49162,48500],{"class":58},[44,49164,63],{"class":62},[44,49166,354],{"class":97},[44,49168,186],{"class":62},[44,49170,520],{"class":426},[44,49172,434],{"class":62},[20,49174,49175,49176,49178],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49177,44620],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49180,49181],{},"In everyday code:",[126,49183,49184,49189],{},[129,49185,39815,49186,49188],{},[15,49187,2132],{}," when you need the exact type",[129,49190,39815,49191,49193],{},[15,49192,44620],{}," when you want a practical type check",[30,49195,49197],{"id":49196},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49199,49200,49201,504],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49202,44620],{},[600,49204,49206],{"id":49205},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[35,49208,49210],{"className":37,"code":49209,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49211,49212,49230,49249,49261,49266,49284,49295,49299,49311,49315,49339],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49213,49214,49216,49219,49221,49223,49225,49228],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49215,34677],{"class":466},[44,49217,49218],{"class":34680}," repeat_text",[44,49220,63],{"class":62},[44,49222,34535],{"class":37488},[44,49224,186],{"class":62},[44,49226,49227],{"class":37488}," count",[44,49229,8167],{"class":62},[44,49231,49232,49234,49236,49239,49241,49243,49245,49247],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,49233,6227],{"class":1384},[44,49235,7927],{"class":54},[44,49237,49238],{"class":58}," isinstance",[44,49240,63],{"class":62},[44,49242,34535],{"class":97},[44,49244,186],{"class":62},[44,49246,48529],{"class":426},[44,49248,8167],{"class":62},[44,49250,49251,49254,49256,49259],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,49252,49253],{"class":1384},"        return",[44,49255,1438],{"class":66},[44,49257,49258],{"class":70},"text must be a string",[44,49260,3176],{"class":66},[44,49262,49263],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,49264,49265],{"class":50},"    \n",[44,49267,49268,49270,49272,49274,49276,49278,49280,49282],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,49269,6227],{"class":1384},[44,49271,7927],{"class":54},[44,49273,49238],{"class":58},[44,49275,63],{"class":62},[44,49277,41082],{"class":97},[44,49279,186],{"class":62},[44,49281,520],{"class":426},[44,49283,8167],{"class":62},[44,49285,49286,49288,49290,49293],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,49287,49253],{"class":1384},[44,49289,1438],{"class":66},[44,49291,49292],{"class":70},"count must be an integer",[44,49294,3176],{"class":66},[44,49296,49297],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,49298,49265],{"class":50},[44,49300,49301,49303,49306,49308],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,49302,34688],{"class":1384},[44,49304,49305],{"class":50}," text ",[44,49307,39698],{"class":54},[44,49309,49310],{"class":50}," count\n",[44,49312,49313],{"class":46,"line":6261},[44,49314,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,49316,49317,49319,49321,49324,49326,49328,49331,49333,49335,49337],{"class":46,"line":6266},[44,49318,82],{"class":58},[44,49320,63],{"class":62},[44,49322,49323],{"class":97},"repeat_text",[44,49325,63],{"class":62},[44,49327,67],{"class":66},[44,49329,49330],{"class":70},"Hi ",[44,49332,67],{"class":66},[44,49334,186],{"class":62},[44,49336,2282],{"class":452},[44,49338,434],{"class":62},[44,49340,49341,49343,49345,49347,49349,49351,49353,49355,49357,49359,49361,49363],{"class":46,"line":11420},[44,49342,82],{"class":58},[44,49344,63],{"class":62},[44,49346,49323],{"class":97},[44,49348,63],{"class":62},[44,49350,67],{"class":66},[44,49352,49330],{"class":70},[44,49354,67],{"class":66},[44,49356,186],{"class":62},[44,49358,1438],{"class":66},[44,49360,1894],{"class":70},[44,49362,67],{"class":66},[44,49364,434],{"class":62},[20,49366,1031],{},[35,49368,49370],{"className":37,"code":49369,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49371,49372,49377],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49373,49374],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49375,49376],{"class":50},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[44,49378,49379],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,49380,49381],{"class":50},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49383,49384],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[600,49386,49388],{"id":49387},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[35,49390,49392],{"className":37,"code":49391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49393,49394,49426,49430,49446,49461,49478],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49395,49396,49398,49400,49402,49404,49406,49408,49410,49412,49414,49416,49418,49420,49422,49424],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49397,338],{"class":50},[44,49399,55],{"class":54},[44,49401,3440],{"class":62},[44,49403,67],{"class":66},[44,49405,491],{"class":70},[44,49407,67],{"class":66},[44,49409,186],{"class":62},[44,49411,1438],{"class":66},[44,49413,4587],{"class":70},[44,49415,67],{"class":66},[44,49417,186],{"class":62},[44,49419,1438],{"class":66},[44,49421,9561],{"class":70},[44,49423,67],{"class":66},[44,49425,3453],{"class":62},[44,49427,49428],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,49429,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,49431,49432,49434,49436,49438,49440,49442,49444],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,49433,6828],{"class":1384},[44,49435,49238],{"class":58},[44,49437,63],{"class":62},[44,49439,354],{"class":97},[44,49441,186],{"class":62},[44,49443,48529],{"class":426},[44,49445,8167],{"class":62},[44,49447,49448,49450,49452,49454,49457,49459],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,49449,1416],{"class":58},[44,49451,63],{"class":62},[44,49453,67],{"class":66},[44,49455,49456],{"class":70},"This is text",[44,49458,67],{"class":66},[44,49460,76],{"class":62},[44,49462,49463,49466,49468,49470,49472,49474,49476],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,49464,49465],{"class":1384},"elif",[44,49467,49238],{"class":58},[44,49469,63],{"class":62},[44,49471,354],{"class":97},[44,49473,186],{"class":62},[44,49475,22388],{"class":426},[44,49477,8167],{"class":62},[44,49479,49480,49482,49484,49486,49489,49491],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,49481,1416],{"class":58},[44,49483,63],{"class":62},[44,49485,67],{"class":66},[44,49487,49488],{"class":70},"This is a list",[44,49490,67],{"class":66},[44,49492,76],{"class":62},[20,49494,1031],{},[35,49496,49498],{"className":37,"code":49497,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This is a list\n",[15,49499,49500],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49501,49502,49505,49507,49509],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49503,49504],{"class":50},"This ",[44,49506,206],{"class":54},[44,49508,44359],{"class":50},[44,49510,49511],{"class":426},"list\n",[600,49513,49515],{"id":49514},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[35,49517,49519],{"className":37,"code":49518,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49520,49521,49533,49537,49553,49567],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49522,49523,49525,49527,49529,49531],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49524,338],{"class":50},[44,49526,55],{"class":54},[44,49528,1438],{"class":66},[44,49530,46150],{"class":70},[44,49532,3176],{"class":66},[44,49534,49535],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,49536,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,49538,49539,49541,49543,49545,49547,49549,49551],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,49540,6828],{"class":1384},[44,49542,49238],{"class":58},[44,49544,63],{"class":62},[44,49546,354],{"class":97},[44,49548,186],{"class":62},[44,49550,48529],{"class":426},[44,49552,8167],{"class":62},[44,49554,49555,49557,49559,49561,49563,49565],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,49556,41707],{"class":50},[44,49558,55],{"class":54},[44,49560,520],{"class":426},[44,49562,63],{"class":62},[44,49564,354],{"class":97},[44,49566,76],{"class":62},[44,49568,49569,49571,49573,49575],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,49570,1416],{"class":58},[44,49572,63],{"class":62},[44,49574,2069],{"class":97},[44,49576,76],{"class":62},[20,49578,1031],{},[35,49580,49581],{"className":37,"code":46236,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49582,49583],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49584,49585],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49586,46236],{"class":452},[20,49588,49589],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[600,49591,49593],{"id":49592},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[35,49595,49597],{"className":37,"code":49596,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49598,49599,49623,49627,49643],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49600,49601,49603,49605,49607,49609,49611,49613,49615,49617,49619,49621],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49602,338],{"class":50},[44,49604,55],{"class":54},[44,49606,10313],{"class":62},[44,49608,67],{"class":66},[44,49610,652],{"class":70},[44,49612,67],{"class":66},[44,49614,449],{"class":62},[44,49616,1438],{"class":66},[44,49618,12705],{"class":70},[44,49620,67],{"class":66},[44,49622,9130],{"class":62},[44,49624,49625],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,49626,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,49628,49629,49631,49633,49635,49637,49639,49641],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,49630,6828],{"class":1384},[44,49632,49238],{"class":58},[44,49634,63],{"class":62},[44,49636,354],{"class":97},[44,49638,186],{"class":62},[44,49640,8993],{"class":426},[44,49642,8167],{"class":62},[44,49644,49645,49647,49649,49651,49653,49655,49657,49659],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,49646,1416],{"class":58},[44,49648,63],{"class":62},[44,49650,354],{"class":97},[44,49652,3723],{"class":62},[44,49654,67],{"class":66},[44,49656,652],{"class":70},[44,49658,67],{"class":66},[44,49660,3711],{"class":62},[20,49662,1031],{},[35,49664,49666],{"className":37,"code":49665,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana\n",[15,49667,49668],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49669,49670],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49671,49665],{"class":50},[20,49673,49674,49675,49677],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,49676,2825],{}," messages later.",[30,49679,4344],{"id":4343},[600,49681,49683,49684,10916,49687],{"id":49682},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,49685,49686],{},"\"int\"",[15,49688,588],{},[20,49690,16472],{},[35,49692,49694],{"className":37,"code":49693,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,49695,49696,49704],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49697,49698,49700,49702],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49699,338],{"class":50},[44,49701,55],{"class":54},[44,49703,2412],{"class":452},[44,49705,49706,49708,49710,49712,49714,49716,49718,49720,49722,49724],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,49707,82],{"class":58},[44,49709,63],{"class":62},[44,49711,48500],{"class":58},[44,49713,63],{"class":62},[44,49715,354],{"class":97},[44,49717,186],{"class":62},[44,49719,1438],{"class":66},[44,49721,588],{"class":70},[44,49723,67],{"class":66},[44,49725,434],{"class":62},[20,49727,49728,49730],{},[15,49729,49686],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,49732,16484],{},[35,49734,49735],{"className":37,"code":49144,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49736,49737,49745],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49738,49739,49741,49743],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49740,338],{"class":50},[44,49742,55],{"class":54},[44,49744,2412],{"class":452},[44,49746,49747,49749,49751,49753,49755,49757,49759,49761],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,49748,82],{"class":58},[44,49750,63],{"class":62},[44,49752,48500],{"class":58},[44,49754,63],{"class":62},[44,49756,354],{"class":97},[44,49758,186],{"class":62},[44,49760,520],{"class":426},[44,49762,434],{"class":62},[600,49764,49766],{"id":49765},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,49768,16472],{},[35,49770,49772],{"className":37,"code":49771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,49773,49774,49782],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49775,49776,49778,49780],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49777,338],{"class":50},[44,49779,55],{"class":54},[44,49781,866],{"class":452},[44,49783,49784,49786,49788,49790,49792,49794,49796,49798,49800,49802,49804],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,49785,82],{"class":58},[44,49787,63],{"class":62},[44,49789,48500],{"class":58},[44,49791,63],{"class":62},[44,49793,354],{"class":97},[44,49795,186],{"class":62},[44,49797,3440],{"class":62},[44,49799,588],{"class":426},[44,49801,186],{"class":62},[44,49803,40080],{"class":426},[44,49805,2819],{"class":62},[20,49807,49808],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,49810,16484],{},[35,49812,49814],{"className":37,"code":49813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49815,49816,49824],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49817,49818,49820,49822],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49819,338],{"class":50},[44,49821,55],{"class":54},[44,49823,866],{"class":452},[44,49825,49826,49828,49830,49832,49834,49836,49838,49840,49842,49844,49846],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,49827,82],{"class":58},[44,49829,63],{"class":62},[44,49831,48500],{"class":58},[44,49833,63],{"class":62},[44,49835,354],{"class":97},[44,49837,186],{"class":62},[44,49839,9058],{"class":62},[44,49841,588],{"class":426},[44,49843,186],{"class":62},[44,49845,40080],{"class":426},[44,49847,2731],{"class":62},[600,49849,25604,49851,49853],{"id":49850},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,49852,44620],{}," converts a value",[20,49855,18744],{},[35,49857,49859],{"className":37,"code":49858,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,49860,49861,49874,49892,49896],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49862,49863,49865,49867,49869,49872],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49864,338],{"class":50},[44,49866,55],{"class":54},[44,49868,1438],{"class":66},[44,49870,49871],{"class":70},"123",[44,49873,3176],{"class":66},[44,49875,49876,49878,49880,49882,49884,49886,49888,49890],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,49877,2059],{"class":50},[44,49879,55],{"class":54},[44,49881,49238],{"class":58},[44,49883,63],{"class":62},[44,49885,354],{"class":97},[44,49887,186],{"class":62},[44,49889,520],{"class":426},[44,49891,76],{"class":62},[44,49893,49894],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,49895,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,49897,49898,49900,49902,49904],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,49899,82],{"class":58},[44,49901,63],{"class":62},[44,49903,2094],{"class":97},[44,49905,76],{"class":62},[20,49907,1031],{},[35,49909,49910],{"className":37,"code":3864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49911,49912],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49913,49914],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49915,3864],{"class":3674},[20,49917,49918,49919,49922,49923,49925],{},"This does not convert ",[15,49920,49921],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,49924,49871],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,49927,49928,49929,6461],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,49930,49931],{},"int(value)",[600,49933,49935],{"id":49934},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,49937,49938,49940],{},[15,49939,44620],{}," does not modify anything.",[35,49942,49944],{"className":37,"code":49943,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,49945,49946,49958,49962,49980],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49947,49948,49950,49952,49954,49956],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49949,338],{"class":50},[44,49951,55],{"class":54},[44,49953,1438],{"class":66},[44,49955,13384],{"class":70},[44,49957,3176],{"class":66},[44,49959,49960],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,49961,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,49963,49964,49966,49968,49970,49972,49974,49976,49978],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,49965,82],{"class":58},[44,49967,63],{"class":62},[44,49969,48500],{"class":58},[44,49971,63],{"class":62},[44,49973,354],{"class":97},[44,49975,186],{"class":62},[44,49977,48529],{"class":426},[44,49979,434],{"class":62},[44,49981,49982,49984,49986,49988],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,49983,82],{"class":58},[44,49985,63],{"class":62},[44,49987,354],{"class":97},[44,49989,76],{"class":62},[20,49991,1031],{},[35,49993,49995],{"className":37,"code":49994,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\n100\n",[15,49996,49997,50001],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49998,49999],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50000,3803],{"class":3674},[44,50002,50003],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,50004,46887],{"class":452},[20,50006,50007],{},"The value stays the same.",[30,50009,25772],{"id":25771},[20,50011,50012],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[35,50014,50016],{"className":37,"code":50015,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50017,50018,50032,50050,50074],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50019,50020,50022,50024,50026,50028,50030],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50021,82],{"class":58},[44,50023,63],{"class":62},[44,50025,427],{"class":426},[44,50027,63],{"class":62},[44,50029,354],{"class":97},[44,50031,434],{"class":62},[44,50033,50034,50036,50038,50040,50042,50044,50046,50048],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,50035,82],{"class":58},[44,50037,63],{"class":62},[44,50039,48500],{"class":58},[44,50041,63],{"class":62},[44,50043,354],{"class":97},[44,50045,186],{"class":62},[44,50047,520],{"class":426},[44,50049,434],{"class":62},[44,50051,50052,50054,50056,50058,50060,50062,50064,50066,50068,50070,50072],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,50053,82],{"class":58},[44,50055,63],{"class":62},[44,50057,48500],{"class":58},[44,50059,63],{"class":62},[44,50061,354],{"class":97},[44,50063,186],{"class":62},[44,50065,9058],{"class":62},[44,50067,588],{"class":426},[44,50069,186],{"class":62},[44,50071,40080],{"class":426},[44,50073,2731],{"class":62},[44,50075,50076,50078,50080,50082,50084,50086],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,50077,82],{"class":58},[44,50079,63],{"class":62},[44,50081,1231],{"class":58},[44,50083,63],{"class":62},[44,50085,354],{"class":97},[44,50087,434],{"class":62},[20,50089,50090],{},"These can help when:",[126,50092,50093,50096,50101,50104],{},[129,50094,50095],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[129,50097,50098,50099],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50100,2825],{},[129,50102,50103],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[129,50105,50106,50107,50109],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50108,44620],{}," is invalid",[20,50111,50112],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[126,50114,50115,50129,50135,50140],{},[129,50116,50117,50118,497,50121,50124,50125,497,50127],{},"using ",[15,50119,50120],{},"'int'",[15,50122,50123],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50126,588],{},[15,50128,473],{},[129,50130,50131,50132,50134],{},"expecting ",[15,50133,44620],{}," to convert a value",[129,50136,50117,50137,50139],{},[15,50138,2132],{}," when inherited types should also match",[129,50141,50142],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50144,50145,50146,504],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[491,50147,50149,50150],{"href":50148},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50151,50152],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[30,50154,1651],{"id":1650},[600,50156,4970,50158,4973],{"id":50157},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50159,44620],{},[20,50161,4976,50162,50164,50165,504],{},[15,50163,3420],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50166,3494],{},[600,50168,4997,50170,50172],{"id":50169},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50171,44620],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50174,50175,50176,504],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50177,50178],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[600,50180,5007,50182,1126,50184,213],{"id":50181},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50183,44620],{},[15,50185,2132],{},[20,50187,50188,50190,50191,50193],{},[15,50189,2132],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50192,44620],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[600,50195,1655,50197,50199],{"id":50196},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50198,44620],{}," convert a value?",[20,50201,50202],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[30,50204,1719],{"id":1718},[126,50206,50207,50213,50217,50222,50227],{},[129,50208,50209],{},[491,50210,13,50211,1738],{"href":2129},[15,50212,2132],{},[129,50214,50215],{},[491,50216,44612],{"href":48603},[129,50218,50219],{},[491,50220,50221],{"href":2780},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[129,50223,50224],{},[491,50225,50226],{"href":48606},"What is a data type in Python?",[129,50228,50229],{},[491,50230,50149,50231],{"href":50148},[15,50232,50152],{},[1758,50234,50235],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":50237},[50238,50239,50241,50244,50248,50249,50254,50260,50268,50269,50279],{"id":3424,"depth":79,"text":3425},{"id":48542,"depth":79,"text":50240},"What isinstance() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250,"children":50242},[50243],{"id":48634,"depth":419,"text":48635},{"id":11299,"depth":79,"text":11300,"children":50245},[50246,50247],{"id":48722,"depth":419,"text":48723},{"id":48793,"depth":419,"text":48794},{"id":48880,"depth":79,"text":48881},{"id":49077,"depth":79,"text":50250,"children":50251},"isinstance() vs type()",[50252,50253],{"id":49093,"depth":419,"text":49096},{"id":49135,"depth":419,"text":49138},{"id":49196,"depth":79,"text":49197,"children":50255},[50256,50257,50258,50259],{"id":49205,"depth":419,"text":49206},{"id":49387,"depth":419,"text":49388},{"id":49514,"depth":419,"text":49515},{"id":49592,"depth":419,"text":49593},{"id":4343,"depth":79,"text":4344,"children":50261},[50262,50264,50265,50267],{"id":49682,"depth":419,"text":50263},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":49765,"depth":419,"text":49766},{"id":49850,"depth":419,"text":50266},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":49934,"depth":419,"text":49935},{"id":25771,"depth":79,"text":25772},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":50270},[50271,50273,50275,50277],{"id":50157,"depth":419,"text":50272},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50169,"depth":419,"text":50274},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50181,"depth":419,"text":50276},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50196,"depth":419,"text":50278},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48443,"description":50280},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50286,"title":50287,"body":50288,"description":52261,"extension":1796,"meta":52262,"navigation":807,"path":52263,"seo":52264,"stem":52265,"__hash__":52266},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50289,"toc":52236},[50290,50293,50298,50303,50317,50320,50322,50397,50402,50406,50411,50414,50428,50430,50596,50609,50611,50613,50628,50631,50634,50647,50649,50747,50751,50757,50760,50769,50771,50806,50811,50832,50837,50842,50874,50877,50934,50938,50944,50947,51000,51002,51042,51045,51113,51116,51167,51174,51178,51184,51269,51275,51281,51330,51333,51336,51386,51388,51393,51397,51447,51451,51498,51502,51579,51583,51648,51651,51655,51660,51665,51677,51679,51698,51704,51707,51726,51731,51758,51765,51769,51775,51778,51873,51876,51879,51928,51933,51935,51939,51974,51977,52034,52044,52047,52081,52084,52086,52090,52093,52097,52100,52104,52107,52111,52124,52128,52133,52135,52185,52197,52199,52233],[10,50291,50287],{"id":50292},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50294,8945,50295,50297],{},[15,50296,42175],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50299,35232,50300,50302],{},[15,50301,42175],{}," to count:",[126,50304,50305,50308,50311,50314],{},[129,50306,50307],{},"characters in a string",[129,50309,50310],{},"items in a list or tuple",[129,50312,50313],{},"keys in a dictionary",[129,50315,50316],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50318,50319],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[30,50321,33],{"id":32},[35,50323,50325],{"className":37,"code":50324,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50326,50327,50339,50359,50363,50380],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50328,50329,50331,50333,50335,50337],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50330,34514],{"class":50},[44,50332,55],{"class":54},[44,50334,1438],{"class":66},[44,50336,3667],{"class":70},[44,50338,3176],{"class":66},[44,50340,50341,50343,50345,50347,50349,50351,50353,50355,50357],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,50342,7609],{"class":50},[44,50344,55],{"class":54},[44,50346,3440],{"class":62},[44,50348,2161],{"class":452},[44,50350,186],{"class":62},[44,50352,7620],{"class":452},[44,50354,186],{"class":62},[44,50356,7625],{"class":452},[44,50358,3453],{"class":62},[44,50360,50361],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,50362,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,50364,50365,50367,50369,50371,50373,50375,50377],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,50366,82],{"class":58},[44,50368,63],{"class":62},[44,50370,10986],{"class":58},[44,50372,63],{"class":62},[44,50374,34535],{"class":97},[44,50376,5190],{"class":62},[44,50378,50379],{"class":3483},"   # 5\n",[44,50381,50382,50384,50386,50388,50390,50392,50394],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,50383,82],{"class":58},[44,50385,63],{"class":62},[44,50387,10986],{"class":58},[44,50389,63],{"class":62},[44,50391,7640],{"class":97},[44,50393,5190],{"class":62},[44,50395,50396],{"class":3483},"  # 3\n",[20,50398,103,50399,50401],{},[15,50400,42175],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[30,50403,50405],{"id":50404},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50407,50408,50410],{},[15,50409,42175],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50412,50413],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[126,50415,50416,50419,50422,50425],{},[129,50417,50418],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[129,50420,50421],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[129,50423,50424],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[129,50426,50427],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50429,145],{},[35,50431,50433],{"className":37,"code":50432,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50434,50435,50447,50472,50504,50524,50528,50545,50562,50579],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50436,50437,50439,50441,50443,50445],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50438,51],{"class":50},[44,50440,55],{"class":54},[44,50442,1438],{"class":66},[44,50444,7507],{"class":70},[44,50446,3176],{"class":66},[44,50448,50449,50451,50453,50455,50457,50459,50461,50463,50465,50467,50470],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,50450,3435],{"class":50},[44,50452,55],{"class":54},[44,50454,3440],{"class":62},[44,50456,2161],{"class":452},[44,50458,186],{"class":62},[44,50460,7620],{"class":452},[44,50462,186],{"class":62},[44,50464,7625],{"class":452},[44,50466,186],{"class":62},[44,50468,50469],{"class":452}," 40",[44,50471,3453],{"class":62},[44,50473,50474,50476,50478,50480,50482,50484,50486,50488,50490,50492,50494,50496,50498,50500,50502],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,50475,8988],{"class":50},[44,50477,55],{"class":54},[44,50479,10313],{"class":62},[44,50481,67],{"class":66},[44,50483,491],{"class":70},[44,50485,67],{"class":66},[44,50487,449],{"class":62},[44,50489,711],{"class":452},[44,50491,186],{"class":62},[44,50493,1438],{"class":66},[44,50495,4587],{"class":70},[44,50497,67],{"class":66},[44,50499,449],{"class":62},[44,50501,2812],{"class":452},[44,50503,9130],{"class":62},[44,50505,50506,50508,50510,50512,50514,50516,50518,50520,50522],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,50507,3644],{"class":50},[44,50509,55],{"class":54},[44,50511,10313],{"class":62},[44,50513,1129],{"class":452},[44,50515,186],{"class":62},[44,50517,37469],{"class":452},[44,50519,186],{"class":62},[44,50521,5823],{"class":452},[44,50523,9130],{"class":62},[44,50525,50526],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,50527,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,50529,50530,50532,50534,50536,50538,50540,50542],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,50531,82],{"class":58},[44,50533,63],{"class":62},[44,50535,10986],{"class":58},[44,50537,63],{"class":62},[44,50539,652],{"class":97},[44,50541,5190],{"class":62},[44,50543,50544],{"class":3483},"     # 3\n",[44,50546,50547,50549,50551,50553,50555,50557,50559],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,50548,82],{"class":58},[44,50550,63],{"class":62},[44,50552,10986],{"class":58},[44,50554,63],{"class":62},[44,50556,3467],{"class":97},[44,50558,5190],{"class":62},[44,50560,50561],{"class":3483},"  # 4\n",[44,50563,50564,50566,50568,50570,50572,50574,50576],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,50565,82],{"class":58},[44,50567,63],{"class":62},[44,50569,10986],{"class":58},[44,50571,63],{"class":62},[44,50573,9026],{"class":97},[44,50575,5190],{"class":62},[44,50577,50578],{"class":3483},"     # 2\n",[44,50580,50581,50583,50585,50587,50589,50591,50593],{"class":46,"line":6261},[44,50582,82],{"class":58},[44,50584,63],{"class":62},[44,50586,10986],{"class":58},[44,50588,63],{"class":62},[44,50590,5187],{"class":97},[44,50592,5190],{"class":62},[44,50594,50595],{"class":3483},"   # 3\n",[20,50597,50598,50599,2018,50603,16901,50607,504],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[491,50600,50602],{"href":50601},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[491,50604,50606],{"href":50605},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[491,50608,8978],{"href":8977},[30,50610,250],{"id":249},[20,50612,1989],{},[35,50614,50616],{"className":37,"code":50615,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"len(object)\n",[15,50617,50618],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50619,50620,50622,50624,50626],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50621,10986],{"class":58},[44,50623,63],{"class":62},[44,50625,42213],{"class":426},[44,50627,76],{"class":62},[20,50629,50630],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,50632,50633],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[126,50635,50636,50638,50640,50642,50644],{},[129,50637,37733],{},[129,50639,37727],{},[129,50641,37730],{},[129,50643,37736],{},[129,50645,50646],{},"a dictionary",[20,50648,145],{},[35,50650,50652],{"className":37,"code":50651,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,50653,50654,50675,50699,50721],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50655,50656,50658,50660,50662,50664,50666,50668,50670,50672],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50657,82],{"class":58},[44,50659,63],{"class":62},[44,50661,10986],{"class":58},[44,50663,63],{"class":62},[44,50665,67],{"class":66},[44,50667,39],{"class":70},[44,50669,67],{"class":66},[44,50671,5190],{"class":62},[44,50673,50674],{"class":3483},"      # 6\n",[44,50676,50677,50679,50681,50683,50685,50687,50689,50691,50693,50695,50697],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,50678,82],{"class":58},[44,50680,63],{"class":62},[44,50682,10986],{"class":58},[44,50684,2804],{"class":62},[44,50686,2807],{"class":452},[44,50688,186],{"class":62},[44,50690,2812],{"class":452},[44,50692,186],{"class":62},[44,50694,2282],{"class":452},[44,50696,4561],{"class":62},[44,50698,50544],{"class":3483},[44,50700,50701,50703,50705,50707,50709,50711,50713,50715,50718],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,50702,82],{"class":58},[44,50704,63],{"class":62},[44,50706,10986],{"class":58},[44,50708,5339],{"class":62},[44,50710,2161],{"class":452},[44,50712,186],{"class":62},[44,50714,7620],{"class":452},[44,50716,50717],{"class":62},")))",[44,50719,50720],{"class":3483},"      # 2\n",[44,50722,50723,50725,50727,50729,50731,50733,50735,50737,50739,50741,50744],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,50724,82],{"class":58},[44,50726,63],{"class":62},[44,50728,10986],{"class":58},[44,50730,5358],{"class":62},[44,50732,67],{"class":66},[44,50734,2003],{"class":70},[44,50736,67],{"class":66},[44,50738,449],{"class":62},[44,50740,711],{"class":452},[44,50742,50743],{"class":62},"}))",[44,50745,50746],{"class":3483},"      # 1\n",[30,50748,50750],{"id":50749},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,50752,50753,50754,50756],{},"When you use ",[15,50755,42175],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,50758,50759],{},"That includes:",[126,50761,50762,50764,50766],{},[129,50763,35968],{},[129,50765,10274],{},[129,50767,50768],{},"punctuation",[20,50770,145],{},[35,50772,50774],{"className":37,"code":50773,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,50775,50776,50789],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50777,50778,50780,50782,50784,50787],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50779,34514],{"class":50},[44,50781,55],{"class":54},[44,50783,1438],{"class":66},[44,50785,50786],{"class":70},"Hi there!",[44,50788,3176],{"class":66},[44,50790,50791,50793,50795,50797,50799,50801,50803],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,50792,82],{"class":58},[44,50794,63],{"class":62},[44,50796,10986],{"class":58},[44,50798,63],{"class":62},[44,50800,34535],{"class":97},[44,50802,5190],{"class":62},[44,50804,50805],{"class":3483},"  # 9\n",[20,50807,50808,50809,213],{},"Why is the result ",[15,50810,1137],{},[126,50812,50813,50819,50823,50826],{},[129,50814,50815,50818],{},[15,50816,50817],{},"H"," = 1",[129,50820,50821,50818],{},[15,50822,35979],{},[129,50824,50825],{},"space = 1",[129,50827,50828,50831],{},[15,50829,50830],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,50833,50834,50835],{},"Total: ",[15,50836,1137],{},[20,50838,50839,50840,449],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,50841,1951],{},[35,50843,50845],{"className":37,"code":50844,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,50846,50847,50856],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50848,50849,50852,50854],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50850,50851],{"class":50},"empty_text ",[44,50853,55],{"class":54},[44,50855,7711],{"class":66},[44,50857,50858,50860,50862,50864,50866,50869,50871],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,50859,82],{"class":58},[44,50861,63],{"class":62},[44,50863,10986],{"class":58},[44,50865,63],{"class":62},[44,50867,50868],{"class":97},"empty_text",[44,50870,5190],{"class":62},[44,50872,50873],{"class":3483},"  # 0\n",[20,50875,50876],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[35,50878,50880],{"className":37,"code":50879,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,50881,50882,50895,50899,50919],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50883,50884,50887,50889,50891,50893],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50885,50886],{"class":50},"user_name ",[44,50888,55],{"class":54},[44,50890,1438],{"class":66},[44,50892,4831],{"class":70},[44,50894,3176],{"class":66},[44,50896,50897],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,50898,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,50900,50901,50903,50905,50907,50910,50912,50915,50917],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,50902,6828],{"class":1384},[44,50904,38212],{"class":58},[44,50906,63],{"class":62},[44,50908,50909],{"class":97},"user_name",[44,50911,3480],{"class":62},[44,50913,50914],{"class":54}," >=",[44,50916,2282],{"class":452},[44,50918,1388],{"class":62},[44,50920,50921,50923,50925,50927,50930,50932],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,50922,1416],{"class":58},[44,50924,63],{"class":62},[44,50926,67],{"class":66},[44,50928,50929],{"class":70},"Name is long enough",[44,50931,67],{"class":66},[44,50933,76],{"class":62},[30,50935,50937],{"id":50936},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,50939,50940,50941,50943],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,50942,42175],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,50945,50946],{},"Example with a list:",[35,50948,50950],{"className":37,"code":50949,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,50951,50952,50984],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50953,50954,50956,50958,50960,50962,50964,50966,50968,50970,50972,50974,50976,50978,50980,50982],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50955,12901],{"class":50},[44,50957,55],{"class":54},[44,50959,3440],{"class":62},[44,50961,67],{"class":66},[44,50963,12918],{"class":70},[44,50965,67],{"class":66},[44,50967,186],{"class":62},[44,50969,1438],{"class":66},[44,50971,17285],{"class":70},[44,50973,67],{"class":66},[44,50975,186],{"class":62},[44,50977,1438],{"class":66},[44,50979,12935],{"class":70},[44,50981,67],{"class":66},[44,50983,3453],{"class":62},[44,50985,50986,50988,50990,50992,50994,50996,50998],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,50987,82],{"class":58},[44,50989,63],{"class":62},[44,50991,10986],{"class":58},[44,50993,63],{"class":62},[44,50995,17332],{"class":97},[44,50997,5190],{"class":62},[44,50999,50396],{"class":3483},[20,51001,37742],{},[35,51003,51005],{"className":37,"code":51004,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51006,51007,51024],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51008,51009,51012,51014,51016,51018,51020,51022],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51010,51011],{"class":50},"point ",[44,51013,55],{"class":54},[44,51015,9058],{"class":62},[44,51017,2161],{"class":452},[44,51019,186],{"class":62},[44,51021,7620],{"class":452},[44,51023,76],{"class":62},[44,51025,51026,51028,51030,51032,51034,51037,51039],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,51027,82],{"class":58},[44,51029,63],{"class":62},[44,51031,10986],{"class":58},[44,51033,63],{"class":62},[44,51035,51036],{"class":97},"point",[44,51038,5190],{"class":62},[44,51040,51041],{"class":3483},"  # 2\n",[20,51043,51044],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[35,51046,51048],{"className":37,"code":51047,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51049,51050,51074,51078,51096],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51051,51052,51054,51056,51058,51060,51062,51064,51066,51068,51070,51072],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51053,7609],{"class":50},[44,51055,55],{"class":54},[44,51057,3440],{"class":62},[44,51059,67],{"class":66},[44,51061,3903],{"class":70},[44,51063,67],{"class":66},[44,51065,186],{"class":62},[44,51067,1438],{"class":66},[44,51069,3912],{"class":70},[44,51071,67],{"class":66},[44,51073,3453],{"class":62},[44,51075,51076],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,51077,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,51079,51080,51082,51084,51086,51088,51090,51092,51094],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,51081,6828],{"class":1384},[44,51083,38212],{"class":58},[44,51085,63],{"class":62},[44,51087,7640],{"class":97},[44,51089,3480],{"class":62},[44,51091,38222],{"class":54},[44,51093,711],{"class":452},[44,51095,1388],{"class":62},[44,51097,51098,51100,51102,51104,51106,51108,51110],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,51099,1416],{"class":58},[44,51101,63],{"class":62},[44,51103,7640],{"class":97},[44,51105,3723],{"class":62},[44,51107,2807],{"class":452},[44,51109,20274],{"class":62},[44,51111,51112],{"class":3483},"  # banana\n",[20,51114,51115],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[35,51117,51119],{"className":37,"code":51118,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51120,51121,51144],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51122,51123,51125,51127,51129,51132,51134,51137,51139,51142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51124,4891],{"class":50},[44,51126,55],{"class":54},[44,51128,3440],{"class":62},[44,51130,51131],{"class":452},"88",[44,51133,186],{"class":62},[44,51135,51136],{"class":452}," 91",[44,51138,186],{"class":62},[44,51140,51141],{"class":452}," 75",[44,51143,3453],{"class":62},[44,51145,51146,51148,51150,51152,51155,51157,51159,51161,51163,51165],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,51147,82],{"class":58},[44,51149,63],{"class":62},[44,51151,67],{"class":66},[44,51153,51154],{"class":70},"Number of scores:",[44,51156,67],{"class":66},[44,51158,186],{"class":62},[44,51160,38212],{"class":58},[44,51162,63],{"class":62},[44,51164,16217],{"class":97},[44,51166,434],{"class":62},[20,51168,51169,51170,504],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[491,51171,51173],{"href":51172},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[30,51175,51177],{"id":51176},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51179,51180,51181,51183],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51182,42175],{}," counts keys.",[35,51185,51187],{"className":37,"code":51186,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51188,51189,51197,51215,51229,51245,51249,51253],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51190,51191,51193,51195],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51192,12688],{"class":50},[44,51194,55],{"class":54},[44,51196,11318],{"class":62},[44,51198,51199,51201,51203,51205,51207,51209,51211,51213],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,51200,11323],{"class":66},[44,51202,652],{"class":70},[44,51204,67],{"class":66},[44,51206,449],{"class":62},[44,51208,1438],{"class":66},[44,51210,7751],{"class":70},[44,51212,67],{"class":66},[44,51214,11339],{"class":62},[44,51216,51217,51219,51221,51223,51225,51227],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,51218,11323],{"class":66},[44,51220,414],{"class":70},[44,51222,67],{"class":66},[44,51224,449],{"class":62},[44,51226,30770],{"class":452},[44,51228,11339],{"class":62},[44,51230,51231,51233,51235,51237,51239,51241,51243],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,51232,11323],{"class":66},[44,51234,19721],{"class":70},[44,51236,67],{"class":66},[44,51238,449],{"class":62},[44,51240,1438],{"class":66},[44,51242,22073],{"class":70},[44,51244,3176],{"class":66},[44,51246,51247],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,51248,9130],{"class":62},[44,51250,51251],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,51252,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,51254,51255,51257,51259,51261,51263,51265,51267],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,51256,82],{"class":58},[44,51258,63],{"class":62},[44,51260,10986],{"class":58},[44,51262,63],{"class":62},[44,51264,13452],{"class":97},[44,51266,5190],{"class":62},[44,51268,50396],{"class":3483},[20,51270,51271,51272,51274],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51273,42175],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51276,51277,51278,51280],{},"For sets, ",[15,51279,42175],{}," counts unique items:",[35,51282,51284],{"className":37,"code":51283,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51285,51286,51314],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51287,51288,51290,51292,51294,51296,51298,51300,51302,51304,51306,51308,51310,51312],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51289,3435],{"class":50},[44,51291,55],{"class":54},[44,51293,10313],{"class":62},[44,51295,2807],{"class":452},[44,51297,186],{"class":62},[44,51299,2812],{"class":452},[44,51301,186],{"class":62},[44,51303,2282],{"class":452},[44,51305,186],{"class":62},[44,51307,2282],{"class":452},[44,51309,186],{"class":62},[44,51311,2812],{"class":452},[44,51313,9130],{"class":62},[44,51315,51316,51318,51320,51322,51324,51326,51328],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,51317,82],{"class":58},[44,51319,63],{"class":62},[44,51321,10986],{"class":58},[44,51323,63],{"class":62},[44,51325,3467],{"class":97},[44,51327,5190],{"class":62},[44,51329,50396],{"class":3483},[20,51331,51332],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51334,51335],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[35,51337,51339],{"className":37,"code":51338,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51340,51341,51349,51353,51371],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51342,51343,51345,51347],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51344,8988],{"class":50},[44,51346,55],{"class":54},[44,51348,9660],{"class":62},[44,51350,51351],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,51352,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,51354,51355,51357,51359,51361,51363,51365,51367,51369],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,51356,6828],{"class":1384},[44,51358,38212],{"class":58},[44,51360,63],{"class":62},[44,51362,9026],{"class":97},[44,51364,3480],{"class":62},[44,51366,6237],{"class":54},[44,51368,3655],{"class":452},[44,51370,1388],{"class":62},[44,51372,51373,51375,51377,51379,51382,51384],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,51374,1416],{"class":58},[44,51376,63],{"class":62},[44,51378,67],{"class":66},[44,51380,51381],{"class":70},"The dictionary is empty",[44,51383,67],{"class":66},[44,51385,76],{"class":62},[30,51387,40870],{"id":40869},[20,51389,51390,51391,504],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51392,42175],{},[600,51394,51396],{"id":51395},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[35,51398,51400],{"className":37,"code":51399,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51401,51402,51410,51414,51432],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51403,51404,51406,51408],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51405,7609],{"class":50},[44,51407,55],{"class":54},[44,51409,7669],{"class":62},[44,51411,51412],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,51413,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,51415,51416,51418,51420,51422,51424,51426,51428,51430],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,51417,6828],{"class":1384},[44,51419,38212],{"class":58},[44,51421,63],{"class":62},[44,51423,7640],{"class":97},[44,51425,3480],{"class":62},[44,51427,6237],{"class":54},[44,51429,3655],{"class":452},[44,51431,1388],{"class":62},[44,51433,51434,51436,51438,51440,51443,51445],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,51435,1416],{"class":58},[44,51437,63],{"class":62},[44,51439,67],{"class":66},[44,51441,51442],{"class":70},"The list is empty",[44,51444,67],{"class":66},[44,51446,76],{"class":62},[600,51448,51450],{"id":51449},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[35,51452,51454],{"className":37,"code":51453,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51455,51456,51475],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51457,51458,51460,51462,51464,51466,51468,51471,51473],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51459,5983],{"class":50},[44,51461,55],{"class":54},[44,51463,59],{"class":58},[44,51465,63],{"class":62},[44,51467,67],{"class":66},[44,51469,51470],{"class":70},"Enter a word: ",[44,51472,67],{"class":66},[44,51474,76],{"class":62},[44,51476,51477,51479,51481,51483,51486,51488,51490,51492,51494,51496],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,51478,82],{"class":58},[44,51480,63],{"class":62},[44,51482,67],{"class":66},[44,51484,51485],{"class":70},"Number of characters:",[44,51487,67],{"class":66},[44,51489,186],{"class":62},[44,51491,38212],{"class":58},[44,51493,63],{"class":62},[44,51495,38217],{"class":97},[44,51497,434],{"class":62},[600,51499,51501],{"id":51500},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[35,51503,51505],{"className":37,"code":51504,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51506,51507,51521,51525,51543,51558,51564],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51508,51509,51512,51514,51516,51519],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51510,51511],{"class":50},"password ",[44,51513,55],{"class":54},[44,51515,1438],{"class":66},[44,51517,51518],{"class":70},"secret123",[44,51520,3176],{"class":66},[44,51522,51523],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,51524,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,51526,51527,51529,51531,51533,51535,51537,51539,51541],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,51528,6828],{"class":1384},[44,51530,38212],{"class":58},[44,51532,63],{"class":62},[44,51534,17451],{"class":97},[44,51536,3480],{"class":62},[44,51538,50914],{"class":54},[44,51540,6189],{"class":452},[44,51542,1388],{"class":62},[44,51544,51545,51547,51549,51551,51554,51556],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,51546,1416],{"class":58},[44,51548,63],{"class":62},[44,51550,67],{"class":66},[44,51552,51553],{"class":70},"Password length is valid",[44,51555,67],{"class":66},[44,51557,76],{"class":62},[44,51559,51560,51562],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,51561,27264],{"class":1384},[44,51563,1388],{"class":62},[44,51565,51566,51568,51570,51572,51575,51577],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,51567,1416],{"class":58},[44,51569,63],{"class":62},[44,51571,67],{"class":66},[44,51573,51574],{"class":70},"Password is too short",[44,51576,67],{"class":66},[44,51578,76],{"class":62},[600,51580,51582],{"id":51581},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[35,51584,51586],{"className":37,"code":51585,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51587,51588,51624],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51589,51590,51593,51595,51597,51599,51602,51604,51606,51608,51611,51613,51615,51617,51620,51622],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51591,51592],{"class":50},"results ",[44,51594,55],{"class":54},[44,51596,3440],{"class":62},[44,51598,67],{"class":66},[44,51600,51601],{"class":70},"item1",[44,51603,67],{"class":66},[44,51605,186],{"class":62},[44,51607,1438],{"class":66},[44,51609,51610],{"class":70},"item2",[44,51612,67],{"class":66},[44,51614,186],{"class":62},[44,51616,1438],{"class":66},[44,51618,51619],{"class":70},"item3",[44,51621,67],{"class":66},[44,51623,3453],{"class":62},[44,51625,51626,51628,51630,51632,51635,51637,51639,51641,51643,51646],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,51627,82],{"class":58},[44,51629,63],{"class":62},[44,51631,67],{"class":66},[44,51633,51634],{"class":70},"Items found:",[44,51636,67],{"class":66},[44,51638,186],{"class":62},[44,51640,38212],{"class":58},[44,51642,63],{"class":62},[44,51644,51645],{"class":97},"results",[44,51647,434],{"class":62},[20,51649,51650],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[30,51652,51654],{"id":51653},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,51656,51657,51659],{},[15,51658,42175],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,51661,51662,51663,449],{},"These will raise a ",[15,51664,2825],{},[126,51666,51667,51670,51673],{},[129,51668,51669],{},"plain integers",[129,51671,51672],{},"floats",[129,51674,51675],{},[15,51676,3599],{},[20,51678,145],{},[35,51680,51682],{"className":37,"code":51681,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(5))\n",[15,51683,51684],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51685,51686,51688,51690,51692,51694,51696],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51687,82],{"class":58},[44,51689,63],{"class":62},[44,51691,10986],{"class":58},[44,51693,63],{"class":62},[44,51695,1129],{"class":452},[44,51697,434],{"class":62},[20,51699,51700,51701,51703],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,51702,1129],{}," does not have a length.",[20,51705,51706],{},"Another example:",[35,51708,51710],{"className":37,"code":51709,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,51711,51712],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51713,51714,51716,51718,51720,51722,51724],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51715,82],{"class":58},[44,51717,63],{"class":62},[44,51719,10986],{"class":58},[44,51721,63],{"class":62},[44,51723,39968],{"class":452},[44,51725,434],{"class":62},[20,51727,51728,51729,449],{},"And with ",[15,51730,3599],{},[35,51732,51734],{"className":37,"code":51733,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,51735,51736,51744],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51737,51738,51740,51742],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51739,338],{"class":50},[44,51741,55],{"class":54},[44,51743,48152],{"class":3674},[44,51745,51746,51748,51750,51752,51754,51756],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,51747,82],{"class":58},[44,51749,63],{"class":62},[44,51751,10986],{"class":58},[44,51753,63],{"class":62},[44,51755,354],{"class":97},[44,51757,434],{"class":62},[20,51759,51760,51761,504],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[491,51762,51764],{"href":51763},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[30,51766,51768],{"id":51767},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,51770,51771,51772,51774],{},"Before using ",[15,51773,42175],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,51776,51777],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[35,51779,51781],{"className":37,"code":51780,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,51782,51783,51791,51795,51805,51819,51837,51855],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51784,51785,51787,51789],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51786,338],{"class":50},[44,51788,55],{"class":54},[44,51790,48152],{"class":3674},[44,51792,51793],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,51794,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,51796,51797,51799,51801,51803],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,51798,82],{"class":58},[44,51800,63],{"class":62},[44,51802,354],{"class":97},[44,51804,76],{"class":62},[44,51806,51807,51809,51811,51813,51815,51817],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,51808,82],{"class":58},[44,51810,63],{"class":62},[44,51812,427],{"class":426},[44,51814,63],{"class":62},[44,51816,354],{"class":97},[44,51818,434],{"class":62},[44,51820,51821,51823,51825,51827,51829,51831,51833,51835],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,51822,82],{"class":58},[44,51824,63],{"class":62},[44,51826,48500],{"class":58},[44,51828,63],{"class":62},[44,51830,354],{"class":97},[44,51832,186],{"class":62},[44,51834,48529],{"class":426},[44,51836,434],{"class":62},[44,51838,51839,51841,51843,51845,51847,51849,51851,51853],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,51840,82],{"class":58},[44,51842,63],{"class":62},[44,51844,48500],{"class":58},[44,51846,63],{"class":62},[44,51848,354],{"class":97},[44,51850,186],{"class":62},[44,51852,22388],{"class":426},[44,51854,434],{"class":62},[44,51856,51857,51859,51861,51863,51865,51867,51869,51871],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,51858,82],{"class":58},[44,51860,63],{"class":62},[44,51862,48500],{"class":58},[44,51864,63],{"class":62},[44,51866,354],{"class":97},[44,51868,186],{"class":62},[44,51870,8993],{"class":426},[44,51872,434],{"class":62},[20,51874,51875],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,51877,51878],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[35,51880,51882],{"className":37,"code":51881,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,51883,51884,51896,51900,51914],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51885,51886,51888,51890,51892,51894],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51887,338],{"class":50},[44,51889,55],{"class":54},[44,51891,1438],{"class":66},[44,51893,3667],{"class":70},[44,51895,3176],{"class":66},[44,51897,51898],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,51899,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,51901,51902,51904,51906,51908,51910,51912],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,51903,6828],{"class":1384},[44,51905,21413],{"class":50},[44,51907,206],{"class":54},[44,51909,7927],{"class":54},[44,51911,3675],{"class":3674},[44,51913,1388],{"class":62},[44,51915,51916,51918,51920,51922,51924,51926],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,51917,1416],{"class":58},[44,51919,63],{"class":62},[44,51921,10986],{"class":58},[44,51923,63],{"class":62},[44,51925,354],{"class":97},[44,51927,434],{"class":62},[20,51929,51930,51931,504],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[491,51932,8268],{"href":2129},[30,51934,1486],{"id":1485},[20,51936,22923,51937,449],{},[15,51938,42175],{},[126,51940,51941,51949,51957,51965,51971],{},[129,51942,8243,51943,51945,51946],{},[15,51944,42175],{}," on an integer like ",[15,51947,51948],{},"len(5)",[129,51950,8243,51951,51953,51954],{},[15,51952,42175],{}," on a float like ",[15,51955,51956],{},"len(3.14)",[129,51958,8243,51959,51961,51962,51964],{},[15,51960,42175],{}," on ",[15,51963,3599],{}," after a function returns nothing",[129,51966,4405,51967,51970],{},[15,51968,51969],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[129,51972,51973],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,51975,51976],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[35,51978,51980],{"className":37,"code":51979,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,51981,51982,52018],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51983,51984,51986,51988,51990,51992,51994,51996,51998,52000,52002,52004,52006,52008,52010,52012,52014,52016],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51985,13030],{"class":50},[44,51987,55],{"class":54},[44,51989,10313],{"class":62},[44,51991,67],{"class":66},[44,51993,652],{"class":70},[44,51995,67],{"class":66},[44,51997,449],{"class":62},[44,51999,1438],{"class":66},[44,52001,12705],{"class":70},[44,52003,67],{"class":66},[44,52005,186],{"class":62},[44,52007,1438],{"class":66},[44,52009,414],{"class":70},[44,52011,67],{"class":66},[44,52013,449],{"class":62},[44,52015,7620],{"class":452},[44,52017,9130],{"class":62},[44,52019,52020,52022,52024,52026,52028,52030,52032],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,52021,82],{"class":58},[44,52023,63],{"class":62},[44,52025,10986],{"class":58},[44,52027,63],{"class":62},[44,52029,17136],{"class":97},[44,52031,5190],{"class":62},[44,52033,51041],{"class":3483},[20,52035,37420,52036,52038,52039,1126,52041,504],{},[15,52037,1889],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52040,15067],{},[15,52042,52043],{},"\"age\"",[20,52045,52046],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[35,52048,52050],{"className":37,"code":52049,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52051,52052,52065],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52053,52054,52056,52058,52060,52063],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52055,34514],{"class":50},[44,52057,55],{"class":54},[44,52059,1438],{"class":66},[44,52061,52062],{"class":70},"a b",[44,52064,3176],{"class":66},[44,52066,52067,52069,52071,52073,52075,52077,52079],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,52068,82],{"class":58},[44,52070,63],{"class":62},[44,52072,10986],{"class":58},[44,52074,63],{"class":62},[44,52076,34535],{"class":97},[44,52078,5190],{"class":62},[44,52080,50396],{"class":3483},[20,52082,52083],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[30,52085,1651],{"id":1650},[600,52087,52089],{"id":52088},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52091,52092],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[600,52094,52096],{"id":52095},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52098,52099],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[600,52101,52103],{"id":52102},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52105,52106],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[600,52108,52110],{"id":52109},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52112,52113,52114,52116,52117,497,52119,52121,52122,504],{},"No. Using ",[15,52115,42175],{}," on an ",[15,52118,588],{},[15,52120,2021],{}," raises a ",[15,52123,2825],{},[600,52125,52127],{"id":52126},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52129,359,52130,504],{},[15,52131,52132],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52134,145],{},[35,52136,52138],{"className":37,"code":52137,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52139,52140,52148,52152,52170],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52141,52142,52144,52146],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52143,8133],{"class":50},[44,52145,55],{"class":54},[44,52147,7669],{"class":62},[44,52149,52150],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,52151,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,52153,52154,52156,52158,52160,52162,52164,52166,52168],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,52155,6828],{"class":1384},[44,52157,38212],{"class":58},[44,52159,63],{"class":62},[44,52161,8164],{"class":97},[44,52163,3480],{"class":62},[44,52165,6237],{"class":54},[44,52167,3655],{"class":452},[44,52169,1388],{"class":62},[44,52171,52172,52174,52176,52178,52181,52183],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,52173,1416],{"class":58},[44,52175,63],{"class":62},[44,52177,67],{"class":66},[44,52179,52180],{"class":70},"Empty list",[44,52182,67],{"class":66},[44,52184,76],{"class":62},[20,52186,52187,52188,52190,52191,52193,52194,52196],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52189,3494],{}," in an ",[15,52192,6828],{}," statement, but ",[15,52195,42175],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[30,52198,1719],{"id":1718},[126,52200,52201,52205,52209,52213,52218,52222,52228],{},[129,52202,52203],{},[491,52204,50602],{"href":50601},[129,52206,52207],{},[491,52208,50606],{"href":50605},[129,52210,52211],{},[491,52212,8978],{"href":8977},[129,52214,52215],{},[491,52216,52217],{"href":51172},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[129,52219,52220],{},[491,52221,8268],{"href":2129},[129,52223,52224],{},[491,52225,52227],{"href":52226},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[129,52229,52230],{},[491,52231,52232],{"href":51763},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1758,52234,52235],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":52237},[52238,52239,52240,52241,52242,52243,52244,52250,52251,52252,52253,52260],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":50404,"depth":79,"text":50405},{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":50749,"depth":79,"text":50750},{"id":50936,"depth":79,"text":50937},{"id":51176,"depth":79,"text":51177},{"id":40869,"depth":79,"text":40870,"children":52245},[52246,52247,52248,52249],{"id":51395,"depth":419,"text":51396},{"id":51449,"depth":419,"text":51450},{"id":51500,"depth":419,"text":51501},{"id":51581,"depth":419,"text":51582},{"id":51653,"depth":79,"text":51654},{"id":51767,"depth":79,"text":51768},{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":52254},[52255,52256,52257,52258,52259],{"id":52088,"depth":419,"text":52089},{"id":52095,"depth":419,"text":52096},{"id":52102,"depth":419,"text":52103},{"id":52109,"depth":419,"text":52110},{"id":52126,"depth":419,"text":52127},{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50287,"description":52261},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52268,"title":52269,"body":52270,"description":53955,"extension":1796,"meta":53956,"navigation":807,"path":53957,"seo":53958,"stem":53959,"__hash__":53960},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52271,"toc":53928},[52272,52275,52289,52295,52297,52351,52356,52360,52376,52379,52393,52399,52401,52404,52423,52439,52441,52517,52519,52556,52567,52569,52572,52633,52635,52668,52671,52677,52681,52684,52809,52811,52870,52878,52931,52933,52960,52966,52976,52980,52983,52988,53040,53042,53068,53074,53128,53130,53155,53158,53182,53188,53190,53194,53196,53253,53255,53263,53265,53287,53289,53342,53344,53368,53372,53374,53413,53415,53423,53429,53433,53485,53487,53513,53521,53525,53530,53539,53541,53607,53609,53641,53645,53650,53652,53666,53669,53742,53744,53770,53772,53776,53783,53787,53794,53798,53801,53803,53856,53858,53884,53888,53897,53899,53925],[10,52273,52269],{"id":52274},"python-list-append-method",[20,52276,22,52277,52280,52281,52284,52285,52288],{},[15,52278,52279],{},"append()"," method adds ",[3563,52282,52283],{},"one item"," to the ",[3563,52286,52287],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52290,52291,52292,52294],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[3563,52293,4457],{}," create a new list.",[30,52296,3425],{"id":3424},[35,52298,52300],{"className":37,"code":52299,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52301,52302,52322,52336,52346],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52303,52304,52306,52308,52310,52312,52314,52316,52318,52320],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52305,3435],{"class":50},[44,52307,55],{"class":54},[44,52309,3440],{"class":62},[44,52311,2807],{"class":452},[44,52313,186],{"class":62},[44,52315,2812],{"class":452},[44,52317,186],{"class":62},[44,52319,2282],{"class":452},[44,52321,3453],{"class":62},[44,52323,52324,52326,52328,52330,52332,52334],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,52325,3467],{"class":50},[44,52327,504],{"class":62},[44,52329,13379],{"class":97},[44,52331,63],{"class":62},[44,52333,1125],{"class":452},[44,52335,76],{"class":62},[44,52337,52338,52340,52342,52344],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,52339,82],{"class":58},[44,52341,63],{"class":62},[44,52343,3467],{"class":97},[44,52345,76],{"class":62},[44,52347,52348],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,52349,52350],{"class":3483},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52352,103,52353,52355],{},[15,52354,52279],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[30,52357,52359],{"id":52358},"what-append-does","What append() does",[126,52361,52362,52367,52370,52373],{},[129,52363,52364,52366],{},[15,52365,52279],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[129,52368,52369],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[129,52371,52372],{},"It does not create a new list",[129,52374,52375],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52377,52378],{},"This means you can append:",[126,52380,52381,52383,52385,52387,52389,52391],{},[129,52382,3467],{},[129,52384,5137],{},[129,52386,40419],{},[129,52388,5128],{},[129,52390,7081],{},[129,52392,34488],{},[20,52394,52395,52396,504],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[491,52397,52398],{"href":50605},"Python lists explained for beginners",[30,52400,5260],{"id":5259},[20,52402,52403],{},"Basic form:",[35,52405,52407],{"className":37,"code":52406,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52408,52409],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52410,52411,52413,52415,52417,52419,52421],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52412,8164],{"class":50},[44,52414,504],{"class":62},[44,52416,13379],{"class":97},[44,52418,63],{"class":62},[44,52420,23139],{"class":97},[44,52422,76],{"class":62},[126,52424,52425,52430,52435],{},[129,52426,52427,52429],{},[15,52428,8164],{}," is the list you want to change",[129,52431,52432,52434],{},[15,52433,23139],{}," is the value or object to add",[129,52436,11736,52437],{},[15,52438,3599],{},[20,52440,145],{},[35,52442,52444],{"className":37,"code":52443,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52445,52446,52470,52493,52497,52507],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52447,52448,52450,52452,52454,52456,52458,52460,52462,52464,52466,52468],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52449,36064],{"class":50},[44,52451,55],{"class":54},[44,52453,3440],{"class":62},[44,52455,67],{"class":66},[44,52457,3903],{"class":70},[44,52459,67],{"class":66},[44,52461,186],{"class":62},[44,52463,1438],{"class":66},[44,52465,3912],{"class":70},[44,52467,67],{"class":66},[44,52469,3453],{"class":62},[44,52471,52472,52474,52476,52479,52481,52483,52485,52487,52489,52491],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,52473,2059],{"class":50},[44,52475,55],{"class":54},[44,52477,52478],{"class":50}," fruits",[44,52480,504],{"class":62},[44,52482,13379],{"class":97},[44,52484,63],{"class":62},[44,52486,67],{"class":66},[44,52488,33046],{"class":70},[44,52490,67],{"class":66},[44,52492,76],{"class":62},[44,52494,52495],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,52496,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,52498,52499,52501,52503,52505],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,52500,82],{"class":58},[44,52502,63],{"class":62},[44,52504,36116],{"class":97},[44,52506,76],{"class":62},[44,52508,52509,52511,52513,52515],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,52510,82],{"class":58},[44,52512,63],{"class":62},[44,52514,2094],{"class":97},[44,52516,76],{"class":62},[20,52518,1031],{},[35,52520,52522],{"className":37,"code":52521,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52523,52524,52552],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52525,52526,52528,52530,52532,52534,52536,52538,52540,52542,52544,52546,52548,52550],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52527,3723],{"class":62},[44,52529,476],{"class":66},[44,52531,3903],{"class":70},[44,52533,476],{"class":66},[44,52535,186],{"class":62},[44,52537,470],{"class":66},[44,52539,3912],{"class":70},[44,52541,476],{"class":66},[44,52543,186],{"class":62},[44,52545,470],{"class":66},[44,52547,33046],{"class":70},[44,52549,476],{"class":66},[44,52551,3453],{"class":62},[44,52553,52554],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,52555,11633],{"class":3674},[20,52557,52558,52559,52561,52562,52564,52565,504],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52560,52279],{}," updates ",[15,52563,36116],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52566,3599],{},[30,52568,11300],{"id":11299},[20,52570,52571],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[35,52573,52575],{"className":37,"code":52574,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52576,52577,52601,52619,52623],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52578,52579,52581,52583,52585,52587,52589,52591,52593,52595,52597,52599],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52580,12901],{"class":50},[44,52582,55],{"class":54},[44,52584,3440],{"class":62},[44,52586,67],{"class":66},[44,52588,12918],{"class":70},[44,52590,67],{"class":66},[44,52592,186],{"class":62},[44,52594,1438],{"class":66},[44,52596,12935],{"class":70},[44,52598,67],{"class":66},[44,52600,3453],{"class":62},[44,52602,52603,52605,52607,52609,52611,52613,52615,52617],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,52604,17332],{"class":50},[44,52606,504],{"class":62},[44,52608,13379],{"class":97},[44,52610,63],{"class":62},[44,52612,67],{"class":66},[44,52614,17285],{"class":70},[44,52616,67],{"class":66},[44,52618,76],{"class":62},[44,52620,52621],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,52622,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,52624,52625,52627,52629,52631],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,52626,82],{"class":58},[44,52628,63],{"class":62},[44,52630,17332],{"class":97},[44,52632,76],{"class":62},[20,52634,1031],{},[35,52636,52638],{"className":37,"code":52637,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,52639,52640],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52641,52642,52644,52646,52648,52650,52652,52654,52656,52658,52660,52662,52664,52666],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52643,3723],{"class":62},[44,52645,476],{"class":66},[44,52647,12918],{"class":70},[44,52649,476],{"class":66},[44,52651,186],{"class":62},[44,52653,470],{"class":66},[44,52655,12935],{"class":70},[44,52657,476],{"class":66},[44,52659,186],{"class":62},[44,52661,470],{"class":66},[44,52663,17285],{"class":70},[44,52665,476],{"class":66},[44,52667,3453],{"class":62},[20,52669,52670],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,52672,30910,52673,504],{},[491,52674,52676],{"href":52675},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[30,52678,52680],{"id":52679},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,52682,52683],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[35,52685,52687],{"className":37,"code":52686,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52688,52689,52697,52701,52715,52733,52747,52773,52795,52799],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52690,52691,52693,52695],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52692,7609],{"class":50},[44,52694,55],{"class":54},[44,52696,7669],{"class":62},[44,52698,52699],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,52700,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,52702,52703,52705,52707,52709,52711,52713],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,52704,7640],{"class":50},[44,52706,504],{"class":62},[44,52708,13379],{"class":97},[44,52710,63],{"class":62},[44,52712,2161],{"class":452},[44,52714,76],{"class":62},[44,52716,52717,52719,52721,52723,52725,52727,52729,52731],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,52718,7640],{"class":50},[44,52720,504],{"class":62},[44,52722,13379],{"class":97},[44,52724,63],{"class":62},[44,52726,67],{"class":66},[44,52728,3667],{"class":70},[44,52730,67],{"class":66},[44,52732,76],{"class":62},[44,52734,52735,52737,52739,52741,52743,52745],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,52736,7640],{"class":50},[44,52738,504],{"class":62},[44,52740,13379],{"class":97},[44,52742,63],{"class":62},[44,52744,3420],{"class":3674},[44,52746,76],{"class":62},[44,52748,52749,52751,52753,52755,52757,52759,52761,52763,52765,52767,52769,52771],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,52750,7640],{"class":50},[44,52752,504],{"class":62},[44,52754,13379],{"class":97},[44,52756,5358],{"class":62},[44,52758,67],{"class":66},[44,52760,652],{"class":70},[44,52762,67],{"class":66},[44,52764,449],{"class":62},[44,52766,1438],{"class":66},[44,52768,7507],{"class":70},[44,52770,67],{"class":66},[44,52772,30323],{"class":62},[44,52774,52775,52777,52779,52781,52783,52785,52787,52789,52791,52793],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,52776,7640],{"class":50},[44,52778,504],{"class":62},[44,52780,13379],{"class":97},[44,52782,2804],{"class":62},[44,52784,2807],{"class":452},[44,52786,186],{"class":62},[44,52788,2812],{"class":452},[44,52790,186],{"class":62},[44,52792,2282],{"class":452},[44,52794,3711],{"class":62},[44,52796,52797],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,52798,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,52800,52801,52803,52805,52807],{"class":46,"line":6261},[44,52802,82],{"class":58},[44,52804,63],{"class":62},[44,52806,7640],{"class":97},[44,52808,76],{"class":62},[20,52810,1031],{},[35,52812,52814],{"className":37,"code":52813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,52815,52816],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52817,52818,52820,52822,52824,52826,52828,52830,52832,52834,52836,52838,52840,52842,52844,52846,52848,52850,52852,52855,52857,52859,52861,52863,52865,52867],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52819,3723],{"class":62},[44,52821,2161],{"class":452},[44,52823,186],{"class":62},[44,52825,470],{"class":66},[44,52827,3667],{"class":70},[44,52829,476],{"class":66},[44,52831,186],{"class":62},[44,52833,3739],{"class":3674},[44,52835,186],{"class":62},[44,52837,10313],{"class":62},[44,52839,476],{"class":66},[44,52841,652],{"class":70},[44,52843,476],{"class":66},[44,52845,449],{"class":62},[44,52847,470],{"class":66},[44,52849,7507],{"class":70},[44,52851,476],{"class":66},[44,52853,52854],{"class":62},"},",[44,52856,3440],{"class":62},[44,52858,2807],{"class":452},[44,52860,186],{"class":62},[44,52862,2812],{"class":452},[44,52864,186],{"class":62},[44,52866,2282],{"class":452},[44,52868,52869],{"class":62},"]]\n",[20,52871,52872,52873,1698,52875,504],{},"A list added with ",[15,52874,52279],{},[3563,52876,52877],{},"one single item",[35,52879,52881],{"className":37,"code":52880,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,52882,52883,52899,52917,52921],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52884,52885,52887,52889,52891,52893,52895,52897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52886,3435],{"class":50},[44,52888,55],{"class":54},[44,52890,3440],{"class":62},[44,52892,2807],{"class":452},[44,52894,186],{"class":62},[44,52896,2812],{"class":452},[44,52898,3453],{"class":62},[44,52900,52901,52903,52905,52907,52909,52911,52913,52915],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,52902,3467],{"class":50},[44,52904,504],{"class":62},[44,52906,13379],{"class":97},[44,52908,2804],{"class":62},[44,52910,1894],{"class":452},[44,52912,186],{"class":62},[44,52914,2287],{"class":452},[44,52916,3711],{"class":62},[44,52918,52919],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,52920,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,52922,52923,52925,52927,52929],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,52924,82],{"class":58},[44,52926,63],{"class":62},[44,52928,3467],{"class":97},[44,52930,76],{"class":62},[20,52932,1031],{},[35,52934,52936],{"className":37,"code":52935,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,52937,52938],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52939,52940,52942,52944,52946,52948,52950,52952,52954,52956,52958],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52941,3723],{"class":62},[44,52943,2807],{"class":452},[44,52945,186],{"class":62},[44,52947,2812],{"class":452},[44,52949,186],{"class":62},[44,52951,3440],{"class":62},[44,52953,1894],{"class":452},[44,52955,186],{"class":62},[44,52957,2287],{"class":452},[44,52959,52869],{"class":62},[20,52961,2116,52962,52965],{},[15,52963,52964],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,52967,52968,52969,52975],{},"This is different from ",[491,52970,52972],{"href":52971},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,52973,52974],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[30,52977,52979],{"id":52978},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,52981,52982],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[600,52984,8243,52986],{"id":52985},"using-append",[15,52987,52279],{},[35,52989,52990],{"className":37,"code":52880,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,52991,52992,53008,53026,53030],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52993,52994,52996,52998,53000,53002,53004,53006],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52995,3435],{"class":50},[44,52997,55],{"class":54},[44,52999,3440],{"class":62},[44,53001,2807],{"class":452},[44,53003,186],{"class":62},[44,53005,2812],{"class":452},[44,53007,3453],{"class":62},[44,53009,53010,53012,53014,53016,53018,53020,53022,53024],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,53011,3467],{"class":50},[44,53013,504],{"class":62},[44,53015,13379],{"class":97},[44,53017,2804],{"class":62},[44,53019,1894],{"class":452},[44,53021,186],{"class":62},[44,53023,2287],{"class":452},[44,53025,3711],{"class":62},[44,53027,53028],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,53029,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,53031,53032,53034,53036,53038],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,53033,82],{"class":58},[44,53035,63],{"class":62},[44,53037,3467],{"class":97},[44,53039,76],{"class":62},[20,53041,1031],{},[35,53043,53044],{"className":37,"code":52935,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53045,53046],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53047,53048,53050,53052,53054,53056,53058,53060,53062,53064,53066],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53049,3723],{"class":62},[44,53051,2807],{"class":452},[44,53053,186],{"class":62},[44,53055,2812],{"class":452},[44,53057,186],{"class":62},[44,53059,3440],{"class":62},[44,53061,1894],{"class":452},[44,53063,186],{"class":62},[44,53065,2287],{"class":452},[44,53067,52869],{"class":62},[600,53069,8243,53071],{"id":53070},"using-extend",[15,53072,53073],{},"extend()",[35,53075,53077],{"className":37,"code":53076,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53078,53079,53095,53114,53118],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53080,53081,53083,53085,53087,53089,53091,53093],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53082,3435],{"class":50},[44,53084,55],{"class":54},[44,53086,3440],{"class":62},[44,53088,2807],{"class":452},[44,53090,186],{"class":62},[44,53092,2812],{"class":452},[44,53094,3453],{"class":62},[44,53096,53097,53099,53101,53104,53106,53108,53110,53112],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,53098,3467],{"class":50},[44,53100,504],{"class":62},[44,53102,53103],{"class":97},"extend",[44,53105,2804],{"class":62},[44,53107,1894],{"class":452},[44,53109,186],{"class":62},[44,53111,2287],{"class":452},[44,53113,3711],{"class":62},[44,53115,53116],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,53117,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,53119,53120,53122,53124,53126],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,53121,82],{"class":58},[44,53123,63],{"class":62},[44,53125,3467],{"class":97},[44,53127,76],{"class":62},[20,53129,1031],{},[35,53131,53133],{"className":37,"code":53132,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53134,53135],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53136,53137,53139,53141,53143,53145,53147,53149,53151,53153],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53138,3723],{"class":62},[44,53140,2807],{"class":452},[44,53142,186],{"class":62},[44,53144,2812],{"class":452},[44,53146,186],{"class":62},[44,53148,2282],{"class":452},[44,53150,186],{"class":62},[44,53152,2287],{"class":452},[44,53154,3453],{"class":62},[20,53156,53157],{},"The difference:",[126,53159,53160,53166,53172,53177],{},[129,53161,53162,53165],{},[15,53163,53164],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[129,53167,53168,53171],{},[15,53169,53170],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[129,53173,103,53174,53176],{},[15,53175,52279],{}," for one item",[129,53178,103,53179,53181],{},[15,53180,53073],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53183,53184,53185,504],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[491,53186,53187],{"href":52971},"Python list extend() method",[30,53189,4344],{"id":4343},[600,53191,53193],{"id":53192},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53195,25520],{},[35,53197,53199],{"className":37,"code":53198,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53200,53201,53221,53239,53243],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53202,53203,53205,53207,53209,53211,53213,53215,53217,53219],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53204,7609],{"class":50},[44,53206,55],{"class":54},[44,53208,3440],{"class":62},[44,53210,2807],{"class":452},[44,53212,186],{"class":62},[44,53214,2812],{"class":452},[44,53216,186],{"class":62},[44,53218,2282],{"class":452},[44,53220,3453],{"class":62},[44,53222,53223,53225,53227,53229,53231,53233,53235,53237],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,53224,7609],{"class":50},[44,53226,55],{"class":54},[44,53228,5795],{"class":50},[44,53230,504],{"class":62},[44,53232,13379],{"class":97},[44,53234,63],{"class":62},[44,53236,1125],{"class":452},[44,53238,76],{"class":62},[44,53240,53241],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,53242,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,53244,53245,53247,53249,53251],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,53246,82],{"class":58},[44,53248,63],{"class":62},[44,53250,7640],{"class":97},[44,53252,76],{"class":62},[20,53254,1031],{},[35,53256,53257],{"className":37,"code":11633,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53258,53259],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53260,53261],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53262,11633],{"class":3674},[20,53264,11725],{},[126,53266,53267,53272,53278],{},[129,53268,53269,53271],{},[15,53270,52279],{}," changes the list in place",[129,53273,53274,2228,53276],{},[15,53275,52279],{},[15,53277,3599],{},[129,53279,53280,53281,53284,53285],{},"So ",[15,53282,53283],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53286,3599],{},[20,53288,10631],{},[35,53290,53292],{"className":37,"code":53291,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53293,53294,53314,53328,53332],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53295,53296,53298,53300,53302,53304,53306,53308,53310,53312],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53297,7609],{"class":50},[44,53299,55],{"class":54},[44,53301,3440],{"class":62},[44,53303,2807],{"class":452},[44,53305,186],{"class":62},[44,53307,2812],{"class":452},[44,53309,186],{"class":62},[44,53311,2282],{"class":452},[44,53313,3453],{"class":62},[44,53315,53316,53318,53320,53322,53324,53326],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,53317,7640],{"class":50},[44,53319,504],{"class":62},[44,53321,13379],{"class":97},[44,53323,63],{"class":62},[44,53325,1125],{"class":452},[44,53327,76],{"class":62},[44,53329,53330],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,53331,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,53333,53334,53336,53338,53340],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,53335,82],{"class":58},[44,53337,63],{"class":62},[44,53339,7640],{"class":97},[44,53341,76],{"class":62},[20,53343,1031],{},[35,53345,53346],{"className":37,"code":53132,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53347,53348],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53349,53350,53352,53354,53356,53358,53360,53362,53364,53366],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53351,3723],{"class":62},[44,53353,2807],{"class":452},[44,53355,186],{"class":62},[44,53357,2812],{"class":452},[44,53359,186],{"class":62},[44,53361,2282],{"class":452},[44,53363,186],{"class":62},[44,53365,2287],{"class":452},[44,53367,3453],{"class":62},[600,53369,53371],{"id":53370},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53373,18744],{},[35,53375,53377],{"className":37,"code":53376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53378,53379,53403],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53380,53381,53383,53385,53387,53389,53391,53393,53395,53397,53399,53401],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53382,31709],{"class":50},[44,53384,55],{"class":54},[44,53386,3440],{"class":62},[44,53388,2807],{"class":452},[44,53390,186],{"class":62},[44,53392,2812],{"class":452},[44,53394,13376],{"class":62},[44,53396,13379],{"class":97},[44,53398,63],{"class":62},[44,53400,1894],{"class":452},[44,53402,76],{"class":62},[44,53404,53405,53407,53409,53411],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,53406,82],{"class":58},[44,53408,63],{"class":62},[44,53410,31728],{"class":97},[44,53412,76],{"class":62},[20,53414,1031],{},[35,53416,53417],{"className":37,"code":11633,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53418,53419],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53420,53421],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53422,11633],{"class":3674},[20,53424,53425,53426,53428],{},"Remember: ",[15,53427,52279],{}," updates the list you already have.",[600,53430,53432],{"id":53431},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[35,53434,53435],{"className":37,"code":52880,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53436,53437,53453,53471,53475],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53438,53439,53441,53443,53445,53447,53449,53451],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53440,3435],{"class":50},[44,53442,55],{"class":54},[44,53444,3440],{"class":62},[44,53446,2807],{"class":452},[44,53448,186],{"class":62},[44,53450,2812],{"class":452},[44,53452,3453],{"class":62},[44,53454,53455,53457,53459,53461,53463,53465,53467,53469],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,53456,3467],{"class":50},[44,53458,504],{"class":62},[44,53460,13379],{"class":97},[44,53462,2804],{"class":62},[44,53464,1894],{"class":452},[44,53466,186],{"class":62},[44,53468,2287],{"class":452},[44,53470,3711],{"class":62},[44,53472,53473],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,53474,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,53476,53477,53479,53481,53483],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,53478,82],{"class":58},[44,53480,63],{"class":62},[44,53482,3467],{"class":97},[44,53484,76],{"class":62},[20,53486,1031],{},[35,53488,53489],{"className":37,"code":52935,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53490,53491],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53492,53493,53495,53497,53499,53501,53503,53505,53507,53509,53511],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53494,3723],{"class":62},[44,53496,2807],{"class":452},[44,53498,186],{"class":62},[44,53500,2812],{"class":452},[44,53502,186],{"class":62},[44,53504,3440],{"class":62},[44,53506,1894],{"class":452},[44,53508,186],{"class":62},[44,53510,2287],{"class":452},[44,53512,52869],{"class":62},[20,53514,2990,53515,53518,53519,6461],{},[15,53516,53517],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53520,53073],{},[600,53522,53524],{"id":53523},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53526,53527,53529],{},[15,53528,52279],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53531,53532,53533,504],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[491,53534,53536],{"href":53535},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53537,53538],{},"list.insert()",[20,53540,145],{},[35,53542,53544],{"className":37,"code":53543,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53545,53546,53570,53593,53597],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53547,53548,53550,53552,53554,53556,53558,53560,53562,53564,53566,53568],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53549,35915],{"class":50},[44,53551,55],{"class":54},[44,53553,3440],{"class":62},[44,53555,67],{"class":66},[44,53557,491],{"class":70},[44,53559,67],{"class":66},[44,53561,186],{"class":62},[44,53563,1438],{"class":66},[44,53565,9561],{"class":70},[44,53567,67],{"class":66},[44,53569,3453],{"class":62},[44,53571,53572,53574,53576,53579,53581,53583,53585,53587,53589,53591],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,53573,35968],{"class":50},[44,53575,504],{"class":62},[44,53577,53578],{"class":97},"insert",[44,53580,63],{"class":62},[44,53582,2807],{"class":452},[44,53584,186],{"class":62},[44,53586,1438],{"class":66},[44,53588,4587],{"class":70},[44,53590,67],{"class":66},[44,53592,76],{"class":62},[44,53594,53595],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,53596,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,53598,53599,53601,53603,53605],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,53600,82],{"class":58},[44,53602,63],{"class":62},[44,53604,35968],{"class":97},[44,53606,76],{"class":62},[20,53608,1031],{},[35,53610,53611],{"className":37,"code":42689,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53612,53613],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53614,53615,53617,53619,53621,53623,53625,53627,53629,53631,53633,53635,53637,53639],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53616,3723],{"class":62},[44,53618,476],{"class":66},[44,53620,491],{"class":70},[44,53622,476],{"class":66},[44,53624,186],{"class":62},[44,53626,470],{"class":66},[44,53628,4587],{"class":70},[44,53630,476],{"class":66},[44,53632,186],{"class":62},[44,53634,470],{"class":66},[44,53636,9561],{"class":70},[44,53638,476],{"class":66},[44,53640,3453],{"class":62},[30,53642,53644],{"id":53643},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,53646,53647,53649],{},[15,53648,52279],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,53651,36251],{},[126,53653,53654,53657,53660,53663],{},[129,53655,53656],{},"building a list in a loop",[129,53658,53659],{},"collecting user input",[129,53661,53662],{},"storing results step by step",[129,53664,53665],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,53667,53668],{},"Example with a loop:",[35,53670,53672],{"className":37,"code":53671,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,53673,53674,53683,53687,53708,53727,53731],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53675,53676,53679,53681],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53677,53678],{"class":50},"squares ",[44,53680,55],{"class":54},[44,53682,7669],{"class":62},[44,53684,53685],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,53686,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,53688,53689,53691,53693,53695,53698,53700,53702,53704,53706],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,53690,5787],{"class":1384},[44,53692,6216],{"class":50},[44,53694,3705],{"class":1384},[44,53696,53697],{"class":58}," range",[44,53699,63],{"class":62},[44,53701,2807],{"class":452},[44,53703,186],{"class":62},[44,53705,4431],{"class":452},[44,53707,8167],{"class":62},[44,53709,53710,53713,53715,53717,53719,53721,53723,53725],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,53711,53712],{"class":50},"    squares",[44,53714,504],{"class":62},[44,53716,13379],{"class":97},[44,53718,63],{"class":62},[44,53720,2046],{"class":97},[44,53722,39698],{"class":54},[44,53724,2026],{"class":97},[44,53726,76],{"class":62},[44,53728,53729],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,53730,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,53732,53733,53735,53737,53740],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,53734,82],{"class":58},[44,53736,63],{"class":62},[44,53738,53739],{"class":97},"squares",[44,53741,76],{"class":62},[20,53743,1031],{},[35,53745,53747],{"className":37,"code":53746,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,53748,53749],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53750,53751,53753,53755,53757,53759,53761,53764,53766,53768],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53752,3723],{"class":62},[44,53754,2807],{"class":452},[44,53756,186],{"class":62},[44,53758,2287],{"class":452},[44,53760,186],{"class":62},[44,53762,53763],{"class":452}," 9",[44,53765,186],{"class":62},[44,53767,13814],{"class":452},[44,53769,3453],{"class":62},[30,53771,1651],{"id":1650},[600,53773,53775],{"id":53774},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,53777,1661,53778,53780,53781,504],{},[15,53779,52279],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,53782,3599],{},[600,53784,53786],{"id":53785},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,53788,53789,53790,504],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[491,53791,53792],{"href":52971},[15,53793,53073],{},[600,53795,53797],{"id":53796},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,53799,53800],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,53802,145],{},[35,53804,53806],{"className":37,"code":53805,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,53807,53808,53824,53842,53846],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53809,53810,53812,53814,53816,53818,53820,53822],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53811,8988],{"class":50},[44,53813,55],{"class":54},[44,53815,3440],{"class":62},[44,53817,2807],{"class":452},[44,53819,186],{"class":62},[44,53821,2812],{"class":452},[44,53823,3453],{"class":62},[44,53825,53826,53828,53830,53832,53834,53836,53838,53840],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,53827,9026],{"class":50},[44,53829,504],{"class":62},[44,53831,13379],{"class":97},[44,53833,2804],{"class":62},[44,53835,1894],{"class":452},[44,53837,186],{"class":62},[44,53839,2287],{"class":452},[44,53841,3711],{"class":62},[44,53843,53844],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,53845,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,53847,53848,53850,53852,53854],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,53849,82],{"class":58},[44,53851,63],{"class":62},[44,53853,9026],{"class":97},[44,53855,76],{"class":62},[20,53857,1031],{},[35,53859,53860],{"className":37,"code":52935,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53861,53862],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53863,53864,53866,53868,53870,53872,53874,53876,53878,53880,53882],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53865,3723],{"class":62},[44,53867,2807],{"class":452},[44,53869,186],{"class":62},[44,53871,2812],{"class":452},[44,53873,186],{"class":62},[44,53875,3440],{"class":62},[44,53877,1894],{"class":452},[44,53879,186],{"class":62},[44,53881,2287],{"class":452},[44,53883,52869],{"class":62},[600,53885,53887],{"id":53886},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,53889,53890,53892,53893,53896],{},[15,53891,52279],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,53894,53895],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[30,53898,1719],{"id":1718},[126,53900,53901,53906,53910,53915,53919],{},[129,53902,53903],{},[491,53904,53905],{"href":52675},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[129,53907,53908],{},[491,53909,53187],{"href":52971},[129,53911,53912],{},[491,53913,53914],{"href":53535},"Python list insert() method",[129,53916,53917],{},[491,53918,52398],{"href":50605},[129,53920,53921],{},[491,53922,53924],{"href":53923},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1758,53926,53927],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":53929},[53930,53931,53932,53933,53934,53935,53941,53947,53948,53954],{"id":3424,"depth":79,"text":3425},{"id":52358,"depth":79,"text":52359},{"id":5259,"depth":79,"text":5260},{"id":11299,"depth":79,"text":11300},{"id":52679,"depth":79,"text":52680},{"id":52978,"depth":79,"text":52979,"children":53936},[53937,53939],{"id":52985,"depth":419,"text":53938},"Using append()",{"id":53070,"depth":419,"text":53940},"Using extend()",{"id":4343,"depth":79,"text":4344,"children":53942},[53943,53944,53945,53946],{"id":53192,"depth":419,"text":53193},{"id":53370,"depth":419,"text":53371},{"id":53431,"depth":419,"text":53432},{"id":53523,"depth":419,"text":53524},{"id":53643,"depth":79,"text":53644},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":53949},[53950,53951,53952,53953],{"id":53774,"depth":419,"text":53775},{"id":53785,"depth":419,"text":53786},{"id":53796,"depth":419,"text":53797},{"id":53886,"depth":419,"text":53887},{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52269,"description":53955},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":53962,"title":53963,"body":53964,"description":55208,"extension":1796,"meta":55209,"navigation":807,"path":55210,"seo":55211,"stem":55212,"__hash__":55213},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":53965,"toc":55173},[53966,53972,53978,53984,53986,54034,54039,54044,54048,54064,54070,54072,54075,54090,54092,54103,54105,54107,54164,54166,54174,54176,54192,54198,54200,54206,54210,54294,54297,54346,54353,54361,54364,54378,54391,54397,54472,54479,54486,54560,54568,54571,54582,54591,54595,54599,54610,54612,54689,54710,54712,54722,54725,54773,54775,54796,54799,54801,54852,54858,54865,54932,54938,54944,54947,54974,54979,54985,54988,55060,55063,55074,55080,55082,55088,55091,55097,55103,55110,55118,55124,55130,55132,55170],[10,53967,53969,53970,11147],{"id":53968},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,53971,11146],{},[20,53973,53974,53977],{},[15,53975,53976],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,53979,53980,53981,53983],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[3563,53982,11159],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[30,53985,3425],{"id":3424},[35,53987,53989],{"className":37,"code":53988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,53990,53991,54011,54021],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53992,53993,53995,53997,53999,54001,54003,54005,54007,54009],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53994,7609],{"class":50},[44,53996,55],{"class":54},[44,53998,3440],{"class":62},[44,54000,2807],{"class":452},[44,54002,186],{"class":62},[44,54004,2812],{"class":452},[44,54006,186],{"class":62},[44,54008,2282],{"class":452},[44,54010,3453],{"class":62},[44,54012,54013,54015,54017,54019],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,54014,7640],{"class":50},[44,54016,504],{"class":62},[44,54018,11208],{"class":97},[44,54020,345],{"class":62},[44,54022,54023,54025,54027,54029,54031],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,54024,82],{"class":58},[44,54026,63],{"class":62},[44,54028,7640],{"class":97},[44,54030,3480],{"class":62},[44,54032,54033],{"class":3483},"  # []\n",[20,54035,103,54036,54038],{},[15,54037,11146],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[30,54040,113,54042,116],{"id":54041},"what-listclear-does",[15,54043,53976],{},[20,54045,54046,449],{},[15,54047,53976],{},[126,54049,54050,54053,54056,54061],{},[129,54051,54052],{},"Removes every item from a list",[129,54054,54055],{},"Changes the original list in place",[129,54057,54058,54059],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54060,3608],{},[129,54062,54063],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54065,54066,54067,54069],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54068,11146],{},", but it contains no values.",[30,54071,250],{"id":249},[20,54073,54074],{},"Syntax:",[35,54076,54078],{"className":37,"code":54077,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54079,54080],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54081,54082,54084,54086,54088],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54083,8164],{"class":50},[44,54085,504],{"class":62},[44,54087,11208],{"class":97},[44,54089,345],{"class":62},[20,54091,273],{},[126,54093,54094,54097,54100],{},[129,54095,54096],{},"Call it on a list object",[129,54098,54099],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[129,54101,54102],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[30,54104,11300],{"id":11299},[20,54106,11303],{},[35,54108,54110],{"className":37,"code":54109,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54111,54112,54136,54140,54150,54154],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54113,54114,54116,54118,54120,54122,54124,54126,54128,54130,54132,54134],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54115,3435],{"class":50},[44,54117,55],{"class":54},[44,54119,3440],{"class":62},[44,54121,2161],{"class":452},[44,54123,186],{"class":62},[44,54125,7620],{"class":452},[44,54127,186],{"class":62},[44,54129,7625],{"class":452},[44,54131,186],{"class":62},[44,54133,50469],{"class":452},[44,54135,3453],{"class":62},[44,54137,54138],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,54139,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,54141,54142,54144,54146,54148],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,54143,3467],{"class":50},[44,54145,504],{"class":62},[44,54147,11208],{"class":97},[44,54149,345],{"class":62},[44,54151,54152],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,54153,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,54155,54156,54158,54160,54162],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,54157,82],{"class":58},[44,54159,63],{"class":62},[44,54161,3467],{"class":97},[44,54163,76],{"class":62},[20,54165,1031],{},[35,54167,54168],{"className":37,"code":38123,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,54169,54170],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54171,54172],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54173,38123],{"class":62},[20,54175,11509],{},[126,54177,54178,54183,54189],{},[129,54179,54180,54182],{},[15,54181,3467],{}," starts with four items",[129,54184,54185,54188],{},[15,54186,54187],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[129,54190,54191],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54193,54194,54195,504],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[491,54196,52398],{"href":54197},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[30,54199,17248],{"id":17247},[20,54201,54202,2228,54204,504],{},[15,54203,11146],{},[15,54205,3599],{},[20,54207,40730,54208,52294],{},[3563,54209,4457],{},[35,54211,54213],{"className":37,"code":54212,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54214,54215,54247,54251,54265,54269,54282],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54216,54217,54219,54221,54223,54225,54227,54229,54231,54233,54235,54237,54239,54241,54243,54245],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54218,7609],{"class":50},[44,54220,55],{"class":54},[44,54222,3440],{"class":62},[44,54224,67],{"class":66},[44,54226,491],{"class":70},[44,54228,67],{"class":66},[44,54230,186],{"class":62},[44,54232,1438],{"class":66},[44,54234,4587],{"class":70},[44,54236,67],{"class":66},[44,54238,186],{"class":62},[44,54240,1438],{"class":66},[44,54242,9561],{"class":70},[44,54244,67],{"class":66},[44,54246,3453],{"class":62},[44,54248,54249],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,54250,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,54252,54253,54255,54257,54259,54261,54263],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,54254,2059],{"class":50},[44,54256,55],{"class":54},[44,54258,5795],{"class":50},[44,54260,504],{"class":62},[44,54262,11208],{"class":97},[44,54264,345],{"class":62},[44,54266,54267],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,54268,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,54270,54271,54273,54275,54277,54279],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,54272,82],{"class":58},[44,54274,63],{"class":62},[44,54276,7640],{"class":97},[44,54278,3480],{"class":62},[44,54280,54281],{"class":3483},"   # []\n",[44,54283,54284,54286,54288,54290,54292],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,54285,82],{"class":58},[44,54287,63],{"class":62},[44,54289,2094],{"class":97},[44,54291,3480],{"class":62},[44,54293,20704],{"class":3483},[20,54295,54296],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[35,54298,54300],{"className":37,"code":54299,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54301,54302,54322,54336],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54303,54304,54306,54308,54310,54312,54314,54316,54318,54320],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54305,7609],{"class":50},[44,54307,55],{"class":54},[44,54309,3440],{"class":62},[44,54311,2807],{"class":452},[44,54313,186],{"class":62},[44,54315,2812],{"class":452},[44,54317,186],{"class":62},[44,54319,2282],{"class":452},[44,54321,3453],{"class":62},[44,54323,54324,54326,54328,54330,54332,54334],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,54325,7609],{"class":50},[44,54327,55],{"class":54},[44,54329,5795],{"class":50},[44,54331,504],{"class":62},[44,54333,11208],{"class":97},[44,54335,345],{"class":62},[44,54337,54338,54340,54342,54344],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,54339,82],{"class":58},[44,54341,63],{"class":62},[44,54343,7640],{"class":97},[44,54345,76],{"class":62},[20,54347,11741,54348,1698,54350,54352],{},[15,54349,7640],{},[15,54351,3599],{},", not an empty list.",[30,54354,54356,54358,54359],{"id":54355},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54357,11146],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54360,3608],{},[20,54362,54363],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[35,54365,54366],{"className":37,"code":54077,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,54367,54368],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54369,54370,54372,54374,54376],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54371,8164],{"class":50},[44,54373,504],{"class":62},[44,54375,11208],{"class":97},[44,54377,345],{"class":62},[35,54379,54381],{"className":37,"code":54380,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = []\n",[15,54382,54383],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54384,54385,54387,54389],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54386,8133],{"class":50},[44,54388,55],{"class":54},[44,54390,7669],{"class":62},[600,54392,54394,54396],{"id":54393},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54395,11146],{}," empties the same list object",[35,54398,54400],{"className":37,"code":54399,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54401,54402,54422,54430,54434,54444,54448,54460],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54403,54404,54406,54408,54410,54412,54414,54416,54418,54420],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54405,1070],{"class":50},[44,54407,55],{"class":54},[44,54409,3440],{"class":62},[44,54411,2807],{"class":452},[44,54413,186],{"class":62},[44,54415,2812],{"class":452},[44,54417,186],{"class":62},[44,54419,2282],{"class":452},[44,54421,3453],{"class":62},[44,54423,54424,54426,54428],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,54425,1089],{"class":50},[44,54427,55],{"class":54},[44,54429,36000],{"class":50},[44,54431,54432],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,54433,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,54435,54436,54438,54440,54442],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,54437,491],{"class":50},[44,54439,504],{"class":62},[44,54441,11208],{"class":97},[44,54443,345],{"class":62},[44,54445,54446],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,54447,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,54449,54450,54452,54454,54456,54458],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,54451,82],{"class":58},[44,54453,63],{"class":62},[44,54455,491],{"class":97},[44,54457,3480],{"class":62},[44,54459,54033],{"class":3483},[44,54461,54462,54464,54466,54468,54470],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,54463,82],{"class":58},[44,54465,63],{"class":62},[44,54467,4587],{"class":97},[44,54469,3480],{"class":62},[44,54471,54033],{"class":3483},[20,54473,10413,54474,1126,54476,54478],{},[15,54475,491],{},[15,54477,4587],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[600,54480,54482,54485],{"id":54481},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54483,54484],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[35,54487,54489],{"className":37,"code":54488,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54490,54491,54511,54519,54523,54531,54535,54547],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54492,54493,54495,54497,54499,54501,54503,54505,54507,54509],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54494,1070],{"class":50},[44,54496,55],{"class":54},[44,54498,3440],{"class":62},[44,54500,2807],{"class":452},[44,54502,186],{"class":62},[44,54504,2812],{"class":452},[44,54506,186],{"class":62},[44,54508,2282],{"class":452},[44,54510,3453],{"class":62},[44,54512,54513,54515,54517],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,54514,1089],{"class":50},[44,54516,55],{"class":54},[44,54518,36000],{"class":50},[44,54520,54521],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,54522,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,54524,54525,54527,54529],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,54526,1070],{"class":50},[44,54528,55],{"class":54},[44,54530,7669],{"class":62},[44,54532,54533],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,54534,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,54536,54537,54539,54541,54543,54545],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,54538,82],{"class":58},[44,54540,63],{"class":62},[44,54542,491],{"class":97},[44,54544,3480],{"class":62},[44,54546,54033],{"class":3483},[44,54548,54549,54551,54553,54555,54557],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,54550,82],{"class":58},[44,54552,63],{"class":62},[44,54554,4587],{"class":97},[44,54556,3480],{"class":62},[44,54558,54559],{"class":3483},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,54561,20599,54562,54564,54565,54567],{},[15,54563,491],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54566,4587],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,54569,54570],{},"This difference matters when:",[126,54572,54573,54576,54579],{},[129,54574,54575],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[129,54577,54578],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[129,54580,54581],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,54583,54584,54585,504],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[491,54586,54588,54589,10564],{"href":54587},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,54590,12601],{},[30,54592,4788,54593],{"id":12262},[15,54594,11146],{},[20,54596,103,54597,6147],{},[15,54598,11146],{},[126,54600,54601,54604,54607],{},[129,54602,54603],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[129,54605,54606],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[129,54608,54609],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,54611,145],{},[35,54613,54615],{"className":37,"code":54614,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,54616,54617,54653,54657,54662,54673,54677],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54618,54619,54622,54624,54626,54628,54631,54633,54635,54637,54640,54642,54644,54646,54649,54651],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54620,54621],{"class":50},"shopping_cart ",[44,54623,55],{"class":54},[44,54625,3440],{"class":62},[44,54627,67],{"class":66},[44,54629,54630],{"class":70},"milk",[44,54632,67],{"class":66},[44,54634,186],{"class":62},[44,54636,1438],{"class":66},[44,54638,54639],{"class":70},"bread",[44,54641,67],{"class":66},[44,54643,186],{"class":62},[44,54645,1438],{"class":66},[44,54647,54648],{"class":70},"eggs",[44,54650,67],{"class":66},[44,54652,3453],{"class":62},[44,54654,54655],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,54656,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,54658,54659],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,54660,54661],{"class":3483},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[44,54663,54664,54667,54669,54671],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,54665,54666],{"class":50},"shopping_cart",[44,54668,504],{"class":62},[44,54670,11208],{"class":97},[44,54672,345],{"class":62},[44,54674,54675],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,54676,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,54678,54679,54681,54683,54685,54687],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,54680,82],{"class":58},[44,54682,63],{"class":62},[44,54684,54666],{"class":97},[44,54686,3480],{"class":62},[44,54688,54033],{"class":3483},[20,54690,54691,54692,54696,54697,54703,54704,504],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[491,54693,54695],{"href":54694},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[491,54698,54700,10564],{"href":54699},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,54701,54702],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[491,54705,54707,10564],{"href":54706},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,54708,54709],{},"list.pop()",[30,54711,4344],{"id":4343},[600,54713,54715,54716,10916,54719],{"id":54714},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,54717,54718],{},"my_list.clear",[15,54720,54721],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,54723,54724],{},"This does not call the method.",[35,54726,54728],{"className":37,"code":54727,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,54729,54730,54750,54754,54763],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54731,54732,54734,54736,54738,54740,54742,54744,54746,54748],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54733,7609],{"class":50},[44,54735,55],{"class":54},[44,54737,3440],{"class":62},[44,54739,2807],{"class":452},[44,54741,186],{"class":62},[44,54743,2812],{"class":452},[44,54745,186],{"class":62},[44,54747,2282],{"class":452},[44,54749,3453],{"class":62},[44,54751,54752],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,54753,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,54755,54756,54758,54760],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,54757,7640],{"class":50},[44,54759,504],{"class":62},[44,54761,54762],{"class":24579},"clear\n",[44,54764,54765,54767,54769,54771],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,54766,82],{"class":58},[44,54768,63],{"class":62},[44,54770,7640],{"class":97},[44,54772,76],{"class":62},[20,54774,1031],{},[35,54776,54778],{"className":37,"code":54777,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54779,54780],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54781,54782,54784,54786,54788,54790,54792,54794],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54783,3723],{"class":62},[44,54785,2807],{"class":452},[44,54787,186],{"class":62},[44,54789,2812],{"class":452},[44,54791,186],{"class":62},[44,54793,2282],{"class":452},[44,54795,3453],{"class":62},[20,54797,54798],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,54800,10631],{},[35,54802,54804],{"className":37,"code":54803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54805,54806,54826,54830,54840],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54807,54808,54810,54812,54814,54816,54818,54820,54822,54824],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54809,7609],{"class":50},[44,54811,55],{"class":54},[44,54813,3440],{"class":62},[44,54815,2807],{"class":452},[44,54817,186],{"class":62},[44,54819,2812],{"class":452},[44,54821,186],{"class":62},[44,54823,2282],{"class":452},[44,54825,3453],{"class":62},[44,54827,54828],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,54829,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,54831,54832,54834,54836,54838],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,54833,7640],{"class":50},[44,54835,504],{"class":62},[44,54837,11208],{"class":97},[44,54839,345],{"class":62},[44,54841,54842,54844,54846,54848,54850],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,54843,82],{"class":58},[44,54845,63],{"class":62},[44,54847,7640],{"class":97},[44,54849,3480],{"class":62},[44,54851,54033],{"class":3483},[600,54853,8279,54855,54857],{"id":54854},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,54856,11146],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,54859,54860,2228,54862,54864],{},[15,54861,11146],{},[15,54863,3599],{},", not the list.",[35,54866,54868],{"className":37,"code":54867,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,54869,54870,54890,54904,54908,54920],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54871,54872,54874,54876,54878,54880,54882,54884,54886,54888],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54873,7609],{"class":50},[44,54875,55],{"class":54},[44,54877,3440],{"class":62},[44,54879,2807],{"class":452},[44,54881,186],{"class":62},[44,54883,2812],{"class":452},[44,54885,186],{"class":62},[44,54887,2282],{"class":452},[44,54889,3453],{"class":62},[44,54891,54892,54894,54896,54898,54900,54902],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,54893,2059],{"class":50},[44,54895,55],{"class":54},[44,54897,5795],{"class":50},[44,54899,504],{"class":62},[44,54901,11208],{"class":97},[44,54903,345],{"class":62},[44,54905,54906],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,54907,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,54909,54910,54912,54914,54916,54918],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,54911,82],{"class":58},[44,54913,63],{"class":62},[44,54915,2094],{"class":97},[44,54917,3480],{"class":62},[44,54919,20704],{"class":3483},[44,54921,54922,54924,54926,54928,54930],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,54923,82],{"class":58},[44,54925,63],{"class":62},[44,54927,7640],{"class":97},[44,54929,3480],{"class":62},[44,54931,54281],{"class":3483},[600,54933,8243,54935,54937],{"id":54934},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,54936,11146],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,54939,54940,54941,54943],{},"Some types have a ",[15,54942,11146],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,54945,54946],{},"This will fail:",[35,54948,54950],{"className":37,"code":54949,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,54951,54952,54964],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54953,54954,54956,54958,54960,54962],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54955,34514],{"class":50},[44,54957,55],{"class":54},[44,54959,1438],{"class":66},[44,54961,3667],{"class":70},[44,54963,3176],{"class":66},[44,54965,54966,54968,54970,54972],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,54967,34535],{"class":50},[44,54969,504],{"class":62},[44,54971,11208],{"class":97},[44,54973,345],{"class":62},[20,54975,54976,54977,33426],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,54978,11146],{},[20,54980,54981,54982,54984],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,54983,3599],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,54986,54987],{},"Useful checks:",[35,54989,54991],{"className":37,"code":54990,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,54992,54993,55003,55017,55031,55040,55050],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54994,54995,54997,54999,55001],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54996,82],{"class":58},[44,54998,63],{"class":62},[44,55000,8164],{"class":97},[44,55002,76],{"class":62},[44,55004,55005,55007,55009,55011,55013,55015],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,55006,82],{"class":58},[44,55008,63],{"class":62},[44,55010,427],{"class":426},[44,55012,63],{"class":62},[44,55014,8164],{"class":97},[44,55016,434],{"class":62},[44,55018,55019,55021,55023,55025,55027,55029],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,55020,82],{"class":58},[44,55022,63],{"class":62},[44,55024,12474],{"class":58},[44,55026,63],{"class":62},[44,55028,8164],{"class":97},[44,55030,434],{"class":62},[44,55032,55033,55035,55037],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,55034,43363],{"class":50},[44,55036,55],{"class":54},[44,55038,55039],{"class":50}," my_list\n",[44,55041,55042,55044,55046,55048],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,55043,8164],{"class":50},[44,55045,504],{"class":62},[44,55047,11208],{"class":97},[44,55049,345],{"class":62},[44,55051,55052,55054,55056,55058],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,55053,82],{"class":58},[44,55055,63],{"class":62},[44,55057,30570],{"class":97},[44,55059,76],{"class":62},[20,55061,55062],{},"These can help you see:",[126,55064,55065,55068,55071],{},[129,55066,55067],{},"What the variable currently contains",[129,55069,55070],{},"Whether it is really a list",[129,55072,55073],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55075,55076,55077,504],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[491,55078,55079],{"href":53923},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[30,55081,1651],{"id":1650},[600,55083,1655,55085,55087],{"id":55084},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55086,53976],{}," delete the list?",[20,55089,55090],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[600,55092,1655,55094,55096],{"id":55093},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55095,53976],{}," return a new list?",[20,55098,55099,55100,55102],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55101,3599],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[600,55104,5007,55106,1126,55108,213],{"id":55105},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55107,11146],{},[15,55109,54484],{},[20,55111,55112,55114,55115,55117],{},[15,55113,11146],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55116,54484],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[600,55119,28159,55121,55123],{"id":55120},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55122,11146],{}," on other types?",[20,55125,55126,55127,55129],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55128,11146],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[30,55131,1719],{"id":1718},[126,55133,55134,55138,55143,55150,55157,55163],{},[129,55135,55136],{},[491,55137,52398],{"href":54197},[129,55139,55140],{},[491,55141,55142],{"href":54694},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[129,55144,55145],{},[491,55146,55147,55148,10564],{"href":54706},"Python list ",[15,55149,12587],{},[129,55151,55152],{},[491,55153,55147,55154,10564],{"href":54699},[15,55155,55156],{},"remove()",[129,55158,55159],{},[491,55160,55147,55161,10564],{"href":54587},[15,55162,12601],{},[129,55164,55165],{},[491,55166,30174,55167,33459],{"href":53923},[15,55168,55169],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1758,55171,55172],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":55174},[55175,55176,55178,55179,55180,55181,55188,55189,55197,55207],{"id":3424,"depth":79,"text":3425},{"id":54041,"depth":79,"text":55177},"What list.clear() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":11299,"depth":79,"text":11300},{"id":17247,"depth":79,"text":17248},{"id":54355,"depth":79,"text":55182,"children":55183},"clear() vs assigning []",[55184,55186],{"id":54393,"depth":419,"text":55185},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54481,"depth":419,"text":55187},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12262,"depth":79,"text":12633},{"id":4343,"depth":79,"text":4344,"children":55190},[55191,55193,55195],{"id":54714,"depth":419,"text":55192},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":54854,"depth":419,"text":55194},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":54934,"depth":419,"text":55196},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":55198},[55199,55201,55203,55205],{"id":55084,"depth":419,"text":55200},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55093,"depth":419,"text":55202},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55105,"depth":419,"text":55204},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55120,"depth":419,"text":55206},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":53963,"description":55208},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55215,"title":55216,"body":55217,"description":56902,"extension":1796,"meta":56903,"navigation":807,"path":56904,"seo":56905,"stem":56906,"__hash__":56907},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55218,"toc":56870},[55219,55224,55230,55238,55240,55329,55336,55341,55345,55359,55361,55438,55440,55501,55504,55506,55508,55529,55532,55546,55549,55594,55596,55604,55607,55613,55619,55622,55699,55701,55746,55749,55754,55837,55839,55880,55885,55889,55895,55897,55905,55908,56001,56003,56061,56064,56080,56085,56095,56100,56102,56107,56112,56115,56117,56174,56177,56230,56236,56241,56245,56262,56264,56348,56350,56391,56399,56401,56406,56412,56414,56477,56482,56552,56556,56591,56594,56596,56635,56639,56715,56721,56727,56732,56754,56757,56776,56784,56786,56792,56795,56802,56810,56815,56818,56822,56828,56836,56839,56841,56867],[10,55220,53969,55222,11147],{"id":55221},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55223,12601],{},[20,55225,55226,55229],{},[15,55227,55228],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55231,55232,55233,13880,55235,55237],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55234,55],{},[3563,55236,4457],{}," make a real copy.",[30,55239,33],{"id":32},[35,55241,55243],{"className":37,"code":55242,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55244,55245,55265,55280,55284,55299,55303,55316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55246,55247,55249,55251,55253,55255,55257,55259,55261,55263],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55248,3435],{"class":50},[44,55250,55],{"class":54},[44,55252,3440],{"class":62},[44,55254,2807],{"class":452},[44,55256,186],{"class":62},[44,55258,2812],{"class":452},[44,55260,186],{"class":62},[44,55262,2282],{"class":452},[44,55264,3453],{"class":62},[44,55266,55267,55270,55272,55274,55276,55278],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,55268,55269],{"class":50},"new_numbers ",[44,55271,55],{"class":54},[44,55273,4088],{"class":50},[44,55275,504],{"class":62},[44,55277,12736],{"class":97},[44,55279,345],{"class":62},[44,55281,55282],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,55283,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,55285,55286,55289,55291,55293,55295,55297],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,55287,55288],{"class":50},"new_numbers",[44,55290,504],{"class":62},[44,55292,13379],{"class":97},[44,55294,63],{"class":62},[44,55296,1125],{"class":452},[44,55298,76],{"class":62},[44,55300,55301],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,55302,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,55304,55305,55307,55309,55311,55313],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,55306,82],{"class":58},[44,55308,63],{"class":62},[44,55310,3467],{"class":97},[44,55312,3480],{"class":62},[44,55314,55315],{"class":3483},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[44,55317,55318,55320,55322,55324,55326],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,55319,82],{"class":58},[44,55321,63],{"class":62},[44,55323,55288],{"class":97},[44,55325,3480],{"class":62},[44,55327,55328],{"class":3483},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55330,103,55331,55333,55334,504],{},[15,55332,55228],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[3563,55335,12675],{},[30,55337,113,55339,116],{"id":55338},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55340,55228],{},[20,55342,55343,449],{},[15,55344,55228],{},[126,55346,55347,55350,55353,55356],{},[129,55348,55349],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[129,55351,55352],{},"Returns that new list",[129,55354,55355],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[129,55357,55358],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55360,145],{},[35,55362,55364],{"className":37,"code":55363,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55365,55366,55398,55413,55417,55427],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55367,55368,55370,55372,55374,55376,55378,55380,55382,55384,55386,55388,55390,55392,55394,55396],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55369,36064],{"class":50},[44,55371,55],{"class":54},[44,55373,3440],{"class":62},[44,55375,67],{"class":66},[44,55377,3903],{"class":70},[44,55379,67],{"class":66},[44,55381,186],{"class":62},[44,55383,1438],{"class":66},[44,55385,3912],{"class":70},[44,55387,67],{"class":66},[44,55389,186],{"class":62},[44,55391,1438],{"class":66},[44,55393,33046],{"class":70},[44,55395,67],{"class":66},[44,55397,3453],{"class":62},[44,55399,55400,55403,55405,55407,55409,55411],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,55401,55402],{"class":50},"copied_fruits ",[44,55404,55],{"class":54},[44,55406,52478],{"class":50},[44,55408,504],{"class":62},[44,55410,12736],{"class":97},[44,55412,345],{"class":62},[44,55414,55415],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,55416,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,55418,55419,55421,55423,55425],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,55420,82],{"class":58},[44,55422,63],{"class":62},[44,55424,36116],{"class":97},[44,55426,76],{"class":62},[44,55428,55429,55431,55433,55436],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,55430,82],{"class":58},[44,55432,63],{"class":62},[44,55434,55435],{"class":97},"copied_fruits",[44,55437,76],{"class":62},[20,55439,1031],{},[35,55441,55443],{"className":37,"code":55442,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55444,55445,55473],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55446,55447,55449,55451,55453,55455,55457,55459,55461,55463,55465,55467,55469,55471],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55448,3723],{"class":62},[44,55450,476],{"class":66},[44,55452,3903],{"class":70},[44,55454,476],{"class":66},[44,55456,186],{"class":62},[44,55458,470],{"class":66},[44,55460,3912],{"class":70},[44,55462,476],{"class":66},[44,55464,186],{"class":62},[44,55466,470],{"class":66},[44,55468,33046],{"class":70},[44,55470,476],{"class":66},[44,55472,3453],{"class":62},[44,55474,55475,55477,55479,55481,55483,55485,55487,55489,55491,55493,55495,55497,55499],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,55476,3723],{"class":62},[44,55478,476],{"class":66},[44,55480,3903],{"class":70},[44,55482,476],{"class":66},[44,55484,186],{"class":62},[44,55486,470],{"class":66},[44,55488,3912],{"class":70},[44,55490,476],{"class":66},[44,55492,186],{"class":62},[44,55494,470],{"class":66},[44,55496,33046],{"class":70},[44,55498,476],{"class":66},[44,55500,3453],{"class":62},[20,55502,55503],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[30,55505,250],{"id":249},[20,55507,1989],{},[35,55509,55511],{"className":37,"code":55510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55512,55513],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55514,55515,55518,55520,55523,55525,55527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55516,55517],{"class":50},"new_list ",[44,55519,55],{"class":54},[44,55521,55522],{"class":50}," old_list",[44,55524,504],{"class":62},[44,55526,12736],{"class":97},[44,55528,345],{"class":62},[20,55530,55531],{},"How it works:",[126,55533,55534,55540,55543],{},[129,55535,55536,55537,55539],{},"Call ",[15,55538,12601],{}," on an existing list",[129,55541,55542],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[129,55544,55545],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55547,55548],{},"Example with an empty list:",[35,55550,55552],{"className":37,"code":55551,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55553,55554,55563,55579,55583],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55555,55556,55559,55561],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55557,55558],{"class":50},"empty_list ",[44,55560,55],{"class":54},[44,55562,7669],{"class":62},[44,55564,55565,55568,55570,55573,55575,55577],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,55566,55567],{"class":50},"new_empty_list ",[44,55569,55],{"class":54},[44,55571,55572],{"class":50}," empty_list",[44,55574,504],{"class":62},[44,55576,12736],{"class":97},[44,55578,345],{"class":62},[44,55580,55581],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,55582,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,55584,55585,55587,55589,55592],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,55586,82],{"class":58},[44,55588,63],{"class":62},[44,55590,55591],{"class":97},"new_empty_list",[44,55593,76],{"class":62},[20,55595,1031],{},[35,55597,55598],{"className":37,"code":38123,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,55599,55600],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55601,55602],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55603,38123],{"class":62},[20,55605,55606],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[30,55608,55610,55611],{"id":55609},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,55612,55],{},[20,55614,8243,55615,13880,55617,52294],{},[15,55616,55],{},[3563,55618,4457],{},[20,55620,55621],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[35,55623,55625],{"className":37,"code":55624,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,55626,55627,55647,55656,55660,55675,55679,55689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55628,55629,55631,55633,55635,55637,55639,55641,55643,55645],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55630,3435],{"class":50},[44,55632,55],{"class":54},[44,55634,3440],{"class":62},[44,55636,2807],{"class":452},[44,55638,186],{"class":62},[44,55640,2812],{"class":452},[44,55642,186],{"class":62},[44,55644,2282],{"class":452},[44,55646,3453],{"class":62},[44,55648,55649,55652,55654],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,55650,55651],{"class":50},"same_list ",[44,55653,55],{"class":54},[44,55655,43796],{"class":50},[44,55657,55658],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,55659,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,55661,55662,55665,55667,55669,55671,55673],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,55663,55664],{"class":50},"same_list",[44,55666,504],{"class":62},[44,55668,13379],{"class":97},[44,55670,63],{"class":62},[44,55672,1125],{"class":452},[44,55674,76],{"class":62},[44,55676,55677],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,55678,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,55680,55681,55683,55685,55687],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,55682,82],{"class":58},[44,55684,63],{"class":62},[44,55686,3467],{"class":97},[44,55688,76],{"class":62},[44,55690,55691,55693,55695,55697],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,55692,82],{"class":58},[44,55694,63],{"class":62},[44,55696,55664],{"class":97},[44,55698,76],{"class":62},[20,55700,1031],{},[35,55702,55704],{"className":37,"code":55703,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55705,55706,55726],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55707,55708,55710,55712,55714,55716,55718,55720,55722,55724],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55709,3723],{"class":62},[44,55711,2807],{"class":452},[44,55713,186],{"class":62},[44,55715,2812],{"class":452},[44,55717,186],{"class":62},[44,55719,2282],{"class":452},[44,55721,186],{"class":62},[44,55723,2287],{"class":452},[44,55725,3453],{"class":62},[44,55727,55728,55730,55732,55734,55736,55738,55740,55742,55744],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,55729,3723],{"class":62},[44,55731,2807],{"class":452},[44,55733,186],{"class":62},[44,55735,2812],{"class":452},[44,55737,186],{"class":62},[44,55739,2282],{"class":452},[44,55741,186],{"class":62},[44,55743,2287],{"class":452},[44,55745,3453],{"class":62},[20,55747,55748],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,55750,55751,55752,449],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,55753,12601],{},[35,55755,55757],{"className":37,"code":55756,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,55758,55759,55779,55794,55798,55813,55817,55827],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55760,55761,55763,55765,55767,55769,55771,55773,55775,55777],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55762,3435],{"class":50},[44,55764,55],{"class":54},[44,55766,3440],{"class":62},[44,55768,2807],{"class":452},[44,55770,186],{"class":62},[44,55772,2812],{"class":452},[44,55774,186],{"class":62},[44,55776,2282],{"class":452},[44,55778,3453],{"class":62},[44,55780,55781,55784,55786,55788,55790,55792],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,55782,55783],{"class":50},"copied_numbers ",[44,55785,55],{"class":54},[44,55787,4088],{"class":50},[44,55789,504],{"class":62},[44,55791,12736],{"class":97},[44,55793,345],{"class":62},[44,55795,55796],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,55797,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,55799,55800,55803,55805,55807,55809,55811],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,55801,55802],{"class":50},"copied_numbers",[44,55804,504],{"class":62},[44,55806,13379],{"class":97},[44,55808,63],{"class":62},[44,55810,1125],{"class":452},[44,55812,76],{"class":62},[44,55814,55815],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,55816,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,55818,55819,55821,55823,55825],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,55820,82],{"class":58},[44,55822,63],{"class":62},[44,55824,3467],{"class":97},[44,55826,76],{"class":62},[44,55828,55829,55831,55833,55835],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,55830,82],{"class":58},[44,55832,63],{"class":62},[44,55834,55802],{"class":97},[44,55836,76],{"class":62},[20,55838,1031],{},[35,55840,55842],{"className":37,"code":55841,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55843,55844,55860],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55845,55846,55848,55850,55852,55854,55856,55858],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55847,3723],{"class":62},[44,55849,2807],{"class":452},[44,55851,186],{"class":62},[44,55853,2812],{"class":452},[44,55855,186],{"class":62},[44,55857,2282],{"class":452},[44,55859,3453],{"class":62},[44,55861,55862,55864,55866,55868,55870,55872,55874,55876,55878],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,55863,3723],{"class":62},[44,55865,2807],{"class":452},[44,55867,186],{"class":62},[44,55869,2812],{"class":452},[44,55871,186],{"class":62},[44,55873,2282],{"class":452},[44,55875,186],{"class":62},[44,55877,2287],{"class":452},[44,55879,3453],{"class":62},[20,55881,55882,55883,504],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[491,55884,52398],{"href":50605},[30,55886,55888],{"id":55887},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,55890,55891,12672,55893,504],{},[15,55892,55228],{},[3563,55894,12675],{},[20,55896,1938],{},[126,55898,55899,55902],{},[129,55900,55901],{},"The outer list is new",[129,55903,55904],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,55906,55907],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[35,55909,55911],{"className":37,"code":55910,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,55912,55913,55940,55954,55958,55977,55981,55991],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55914,55915,55917,55919,55922,55924,55926,55928,55930,55932,55934,55936,55938],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55916,11911],{"class":50},[44,55918,55],{"class":54},[44,55920,55921],{"class":62}," [[",[44,55923,2807],{"class":452},[44,55925,186],{"class":62},[44,55927,2812],{"class":452},[44,55929,17892],{"class":62},[44,55931,3440],{"class":62},[44,55933,1894],{"class":452},[44,55935,186],{"class":62},[44,55937,2287],{"class":452},[44,55939,52869],{"class":62},[44,55941,55942,55944,55946,55948,55950,55952],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,55943,14138],{"class":50},[44,55945,55],{"class":54},[44,55947,11986],{"class":50},[44,55949,504],{"class":62},[44,55951,12736],{"class":97},[44,55953,345],{"class":62},[44,55955,55956],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,55957,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,55959,55960,55962,55964,55966,55968,55970,55972,55975],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,55961,14157],{"class":50},[44,55963,3723],{"class":62},[44,55965,1951],{"class":452},[44,55967,13376],{"class":62},[44,55969,13379],{"class":97},[44,55971,63],{"class":62},[44,55973,55974],{"class":452},"99",[44,55976,76],{"class":62},[44,55978,55979],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,55980,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,55982,55983,55985,55987,55989],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,55984,82],{"class":58},[44,55986,63],{"class":62},[44,55988,11958],{"class":97},[44,55990,76],{"class":62},[44,55992,55993,55995,55997,55999],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,55994,82],{"class":58},[44,55996,63],{"class":62},[44,55998,14157],{"class":97},[44,56000,76],{"class":62},[20,56002,1031],{},[35,56004,56006],{"className":37,"code":56005,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56007,56008,56035],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56009,56010,56013,56015,56017,56019,56021,56023,56025,56027,56029,56031,56033],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56011,56012],{"class":62},"[[",[44,56014,2807],{"class":452},[44,56016,186],{"class":62},[44,56018,2812],{"class":452},[44,56020,186],{"class":62},[44,56022,10019],{"class":452},[44,56024,17892],{"class":62},[44,56026,3440],{"class":62},[44,56028,1894],{"class":452},[44,56030,186],{"class":62},[44,56032,2287],{"class":452},[44,56034,52869],{"class":62},[44,56036,56037,56039,56041,56043,56045,56047,56049,56051,56053,56055,56057,56059],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,56038,56012],{"class":62},[44,56040,2807],{"class":452},[44,56042,186],{"class":62},[44,56044,2812],{"class":452},[44,56046,186],{"class":62},[44,56048,10019],{"class":452},[44,56050,17892],{"class":62},[44,56052,3440],{"class":62},[44,56054,1894],{"class":452},[44,56056,186],{"class":62},[44,56058,2287],{"class":452},[44,56060,52869],{"class":62},[20,56062,56063],{},"Why did both change?",[126,56065,56066,56073],{},[129,56067,56068,1126,56070,56072],{},[15,56069,11958],{},[15,56071,14157],{}," are different outer lists",[129,56074,56075,56076,56079],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56077,56078],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56081,53280,56082,56084],{},[15,56083,12601],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[126,56086,56087,56090,56093],{},[129,56088,56089],{},"Numbers",[129,56091,56092],{},"Strings",[129,56094,40420],{},[20,56096,56097,56098,504],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[491,56099,13617],{"href":13616},[30,56101,17248],{"id":17247},[20,56103,56104,56106],{},[15,56105,55228],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56108,40730,56109,56111],{},[3563,56110,4457],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56113,56114],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56116,16484],{},[35,56118,56120],{"className":37,"code":56119,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56121,56122,56146,56160,56164],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56123,56124,56126,56128,56130,56132,56134,56136,56138,56140,56142,56144],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56125,12901],{"class":50},[44,56127,55],{"class":54},[44,56129,3440],{"class":62},[44,56131,67],{"class":66},[44,56133,12918],{"class":70},[44,56135,67],{"class":66},[44,56137,186],{"class":62},[44,56139,1438],{"class":66},[44,56141,12935],{"class":70},[44,56143,67],{"class":66},[44,56145,3453],{"class":62},[44,56147,56148,56150,56152,56154,56156,56158],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,56149,12944],{"class":50},[44,56151,55],{"class":54},[44,56153,12949],{"class":50},[44,56155,504],{"class":62},[44,56157,12736],{"class":97},[44,56159,345],{"class":62},[44,56161,56162],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,56163,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,56165,56166,56168,56170,56172],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,56167,82],{"class":58},[44,56169,63],{"class":62},[44,56171,12968],{"class":97},[44,56173,76],{"class":62},[20,56175,56176],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[35,56178,56180],{"className":37,"code":56179,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56181,56182,56206,56216,56220],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56183,56184,56186,56188,56190,56192,56194,56196,56198,56200,56202,56204],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56185,12901],{"class":50},[44,56187,55],{"class":54},[44,56189,3440],{"class":62},[44,56191,67],{"class":66},[44,56193,12918],{"class":70},[44,56195,67],{"class":66},[44,56197,186],{"class":62},[44,56199,1438],{"class":66},[44,56201,12935],{"class":70},[44,56203,67],{"class":66},[44,56205,3453],{"class":62},[44,56207,56208,56210,56212,56214],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,56209,17332],{"class":50},[44,56211,504],{"class":62},[44,56213,12736],{"class":97},[44,56215,345],{"class":62},[44,56217,56218],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,56219,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,56221,56222,56224,56226,56228],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,56223,82],{"class":58},[44,56225,63],{"class":62},[44,56227,17332],{"class":97},[44,56229,76],{"class":62},[20,56231,56232,56233,56235],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56234,12601],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[30,56237,4788,56239],{"id":56238},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56240,55228],{},[20,56242,103,56243,10424],{},[15,56244,55228],{},[126,56246,56247,56250,56253,56256],{},[129,56248,56249],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[129,56251,56252],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[129,56254,56255],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[129,56257,56258,56259],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56260,56261],{},"[:]",[20,56263,145],{},[35,56265,56267],{"className":37,"code":56266,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56268,56269,56289,56304,56308,56323,56327,56337],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56270,56271,56273,56275,56277,56279,56281,56283,56285,56287],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56272,4891],{"class":50},[44,56274,55],{"class":54},[44,56276,3440],{"class":62},[44,56278,2161],{"class":452},[44,56280,186],{"class":62},[44,56282,7620],{"class":452},[44,56284,186],{"class":62},[44,56286,7625],{"class":452},[44,56288,3453],{"class":62},[44,56290,56291,56294,56296,56298,56300,56302],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,56292,56293],{"class":50},"backup_scores ",[44,56295,55],{"class":54},[44,56297,4938],{"class":50},[44,56299,504],{"class":62},[44,56301,12736],{"class":97},[44,56303,345],{"class":62},[44,56305,56306],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,56307,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,56309,56310,56312,56314,56316,56318,56321],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,56311,16217],{"class":50},[44,56313,504],{"class":62},[44,56315,13379],{"class":97},[44,56317,63],{"class":62},[44,56319,56320],{"class":452},"40",[44,56322,76],{"class":62},[44,56324,56325],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,56326,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,56328,56329,56331,56333,56335],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,56330,82],{"class":58},[44,56332,63],{"class":62},[44,56334,16217],{"class":97},[44,56336,76],{"class":62},[44,56338,56339,56341,56343,56346],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,56340,82],{"class":58},[44,56342,63],{"class":62},[44,56344,56345],{"class":97},"backup_scores",[44,56347,76],{"class":62},[20,56349,1031],{},[35,56351,56353],{"className":37,"code":56352,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56354,56355,56375],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56356,56357,56359,56361,56363,56365,56367,56369,56371,56373],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56358,3723],{"class":62},[44,56360,2161],{"class":452},[44,56362,186],{"class":62},[44,56364,7620],{"class":452},[44,56366,186],{"class":62},[44,56368,7625],{"class":452},[44,56370,186],{"class":62},[44,56372,50469],{"class":452},[44,56374,3453],{"class":62},[44,56376,56377,56379,56381,56383,56385,56387,56389],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,56378,3723],{"class":62},[44,56380,2161],{"class":452},[44,56382,186],{"class":62},[44,56384,7620],{"class":452},[44,56386,186],{"class":62},[44,56388,7625],{"class":452},[44,56390,3453],{"class":62},[20,56392,56393,56394,504],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[491,56395,55147,56397,10564],{"href":56396},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56398,52279],{},[30,56400,4344],{"id":4343},[20,56402,56403,56404,504],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56405,55228],{},[600,56407,8243,56409,56411],{"id":56408},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56410,55],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56413,990],{},[35,56415,56417],{"className":37,"code":56416,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56418,56419,56439,56447,56461,56465],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56420,56421,56423,56425,56427,56429,56431,56433,56435,56437],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56422,1070],{"class":50},[44,56424,55],{"class":54},[44,56426,3440],{"class":62},[44,56428,2807],{"class":452},[44,56430,186],{"class":62},[44,56432,2812],{"class":452},[44,56434,186],{"class":62},[44,56436,2282],{"class":452},[44,56438,3453],{"class":62},[44,56440,56441,56443,56445],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,56442,1089],{"class":50},[44,56444,55],{"class":54},[44,56446,36000],{"class":50},[44,56448,56449,56451,56453,56455,56457,56459],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,56450,4587],{"class":50},[44,56452,504],{"class":62},[44,56454,13379],{"class":97},[44,56456,63],{"class":62},[44,56458,1125],{"class":452},[44,56460,76],{"class":62},[44,56462,56463],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,56464,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,56466,56467,56469,56471,56473,56475],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,56468,82],{"class":58},[44,56470,63],{"class":62},[44,56472,491],{"class":97},[44,56474,3480],{"class":62},[44,56476,55328],{"class":3483},[20,56478,56479,56480,6461],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56481,12601],{},[35,56483,56485],{"className":37,"code":56484,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56486,56487,56507,56522,56536,56540],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56488,56489,56491,56493,56495,56497,56499,56501,56503,56505],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56490,1070],{"class":50},[44,56492,55],{"class":54},[44,56494,3440],{"class":62},[44,56496,2807],{"class":452},[44,56498,186],{"class":62},[44,56500,2812],{"class":452},[44,56502,186],{"class":62},[44,56504,2282],{"class":452},[44,56506,3453],{"class":62},[44,56508,56509,56511,56513,56516,56518,56520],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,56510,1089],{"class":50},[44,56512,55],{"class":54},[44,56514,56515],{"class":50}," a",[44,56517,504],{"class":62},[44,56519,12736],{"class":97},[44,56521,345],{"class":62},[44,56523,56524,56526,56528,56530,56532,56534],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,56525,4587],{"class":50},[44,56527,504],{"class":62},[44,56529,13379],{"class":97},[44,56531,63],{"class":62},[44,56533,1125],{"class":452},[44,56535,76],{"class":62},[44,56537,56538],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,56539,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,56541,56542,56544,56546,56548,56550],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,56543,82],{"class":58},[44,56545,63],{"class":62},[44,56547,491],{"class":97},[44,56549,3480],{"class":62},[44,56551,54559],{"class":3483},[600,56553,56555],{"id":56554},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[35,56557,56559],{"className":37,"code":56558,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56560,56561,56581],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56562,56563,56565,56567,56569,56571,56573,56575,56577,56579],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56564,3435],{"class":50},[44,56566,55],{"class":54},[44,56568,3440],{"class":62},[44,56570,2807],{"class":452},[44,56572,186],{"class":62},[44,56574,2812],{"class":452},[44,56576,186],{"class":62},[44,56578,2282],{"class":452},[44,56580,3453],{"class":62},[44,56582,56583,56585,56587,56589],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,56584,3467],{"class":50},[44,56586,504],{"class":62},[44,56588,12736],{"class":97},[44,56590,345],{"class":62},[20,56592,56593],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,56595,39087],{},[35,56597,56599],{"className":37,"code":56598,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56600,56601,56621],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56602,56603,56605,56607,56609,56611,56613,56615,56617,56619],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56604,3435],{"class":50},[44,56606,55],{"class":54},[44,56608,3440],{"class":62},[44,56610,2807],{"class":452},[44,56612,186],{"class":62},[44,56614,2812],{"class":452},[44,56616,186],{"class":62},[44,56618,2282],{"class":452},[44,56620,3453],{"class":62},[44,56622,56623,56625,56627,56629,56631,56633],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,56624,55783],{"class":50},[44,56626,55],{"class":54},[44,56628,4088],{"class":50},[44,56630,504],{"class":62},[44,56632,12736],{"class":97},[44,56634,345],{"class":62},[600,56636,56638],{"id":56637},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[35,56640,56642],{"className":37,"code":56641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,56643,56644,56662,56676,56680,56698,56702],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56645,56646,56648,56650,56652,56654,56656,56658,56660],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56647,1070],{"class":50},[44,56649,55],{"class":54},[44,56651,55921],{"class":62},[44,56653,2807],{"class":452},[44,56655,17892],{"class":62},[44,56657,3440],{"class":62},[44,56659,1889],{"class":452},[44,56661,52869],{"class":62},[44,56663,56664,56666,56668,56670,56672,56674],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,56665,1089],{"class":50},[44,56667,55],{"class":54},[44,56669,56515],{"class":50},[44,56671,504],{"class":62},[44,56673,12736],{"class":97},[44,56675,345],{"class":62},[44,56677,56678],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,56679,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,56681,56682,56684,56686,56688,56690,56692,56694,56696],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,56683,4587],{"class":50},[44,56685,3723],{"class":62},[44,56687,1951],{"class":452},[44,56689,13376],{"class":62},[44,56691,13379],{"class":97},[44,56693,63],{"class":62},[44,56695,55974],{"class":452},[44,56697,76],{"class":62},[44,56699,56700],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,56701,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,56703,56704,56706,56708,56710,56712],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,56705,82],{"class":58},[44,56707,63],{"class":62},[44,56709,491],{"class":97},[44,56711,3480],{"class":62},[44,56713,56714],{"class":3483},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,56716,56717,56718,56720],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,56719,55228],{}," is shallow.",[600,56722,25446,56724,56726],{"id":56723},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,56725,12601],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,56728,56729,56731],{},[15,56730,12601],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[35,56733,56735],{"className":37,"code":56734,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,56736,56737,56749],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56738,56739,56741,56743,56745,56747],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56740,51],{"class":50},[44,56742,55],{"class":54},[44,56744,1438],{"class":66},[44,56746,4831],{"class":70},[44,56748,3176],{"class":66},[44,56750,56751],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,56752,56753],{"class":3483},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,56755,56756],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[35,56758,56760],{"className":37,"code":56759,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(name))\n",[15,56761,56762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56763,56764,56766,56768,56770,56772,56774],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56765,82],{"class":58},[44,56767,63],{"class":62},[44,56769,427],{"class":426},[44,56771,63],{"class":62},[44,56773,652],{"class":97},[44,56775,434],{"class":62},[20,56777,56778,56779,56783],{},"You can also review ",[491,56780,56782],{"href":56781},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[30,56785,1651],{"id":1650},[600,56787,1655,56789,56791],{"id":56788},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,56790,55228],{}," change the original list?",[20,56793,56794],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[600,56796,5007,56798,1126,56800,213],{"id":56797},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,56799,55228],{},[15,56801,55],{},[20,56803,56804,56806,56807,56809],{},[15,56805,12601],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,56808,55],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[600,56811,14730,56813,14733],{"id":56812},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,56814,55228],{},[20,56816,56817],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[600,56819,56821],{"id":56820},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,56823,41968,56824,56827],{},[15,56825,56826],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[600,56829,14730,56831,56833,56834,213],{"id":56830},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,56832,55228],{}," the same as ",[15,56835,56261],{},[20,56837,56838],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[30,56840,1719],{"id":1718},[126,56842,56843,56848,56852,56857,56863],{},[129,56844,56845],{},[491,56846,14792],{"href":56847},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[129,56849,56850],{},[491,56851,52398],{"href":50605},[129,56853,56854],{},[491,56855,56856],{"href":56781},"Creating a list in Python",[129,56858,56859],{},[491,56860,55147,56861,10564],{"href":56396},[15,56862,52279],{},[129,56864,56865],{},[491,56866,13617],{"href":13616},[1758,56868,56869],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":56871},[56872,56873,56875,56876,56878,56879,56880,56882,56890,56901],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":55338,"depth":79,"text":56874},"What list.copy() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":55609,"depth":79,"text":56877},"Why not use =",{"id":55887,"depth":79,"text":55888},{"id":17247,"depth":79,"text":17248},{"id":56238,"depth":79,"text":56881},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4343,"depth":79,"text":4344,"children":56883},[56884,56886,56887,56888],{"id":56408,"depth":419,"text":56885},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56554,"depth":419,"text":56555},{"id":56637,"depth":419,"text":56638},{"id":56723,"depth":419,"text":56889},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":56891},[56892,56894,56896,56898,56899],{"id":56788,"depth":419,"text":56893},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":56797,"depth":419,"text":56895},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":56812,"depth":419,"text":56897},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":56820,"depth":419,"text":56821},{"id":56830,"depth":419,"text":56900},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55216,"description":56902},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":56909,"title":56910,"body":56911,"description":58653,"extension":1796,"meta":58654,"navigation":807,"path":58655,"seo":58656,"stem":58657,"__hash__":58658},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":56912,"toc":58612},[56913,56919,56925,56928,56939,56942,56944,57007,57013,57018,57022,57036,57039,57044,57049,57051,57053,57072,57084,57086,57153,57155,57163,57168,57170,57178,57181,57198,57200,57324,57335,57339,57344,57347,57349,57367,57371,57457,57466,57474,57543,57545,57548,57560,57565,57569,57640,57643,57647,57651,57716,57718,57726,57730,57813,57815,57823,57827,57888,57890,57898,57902,57989,57991,57999,58004,58009,58012,58023,58025,58110,58115,58124,58126,58130,58134,58139,58201,58205,58213,58219,58228,58233,58282,58285,58306,58310,58372,58379,58384,58387,58474,58477,58488,58491,58511,58513,58519,58522,58526,58530,58536,58539,58545,58552,58560,58571,58573,58609],[10,56914,53969,56916,11147],{"id":56915},"python-list-count-method",[15,56917,56918],{},"count()",[20,56920,56921,56924],{},[15,56922,56923],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,56926,56927],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[126,56929,56930,56933,56936],{},[129,56931,56932],{},"count one specific item",[129,56934,56935],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[129,56937,56938],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,56940,56941],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[30,56943,3425],{"id":3424},[35,56945,56947],{"className":37,"code":56946,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,56948,56949,56977,56995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56950,56951,56953,56955,56957,56959,56961,56963,56965,56967,56969,56971,56973,56975],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56952,3435],{"class":50},[44,56954,55],{"class":54},[44,56956,3440],{"class":62},[44,56958,2807],{"class":452},[44,56960,186],{"class":62},[44,56962,2812],{"class":452},[44,56964,186],{"class":62},[44,56966,2812],{"class":452},[44,56968,186],{"class":62},[44,56970,2282],{"class":452},[44,56972,186],{"class":62},[44,56974,2812],{"class":452},[44,56976,3453],{"class":62},[44,56978,56979,56981,56983,56985,56987,56989,56991,56993],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,56980,2059],{"class":50},[44,56982,55],{"class":54},[44,56984,4088],{"class":50},[44,56986,504],{"class":62},[44,56988,41082],{"class":97},[44,56990,63],{"class":62},[44,56992,1889],{"class":452},[44,56994,76],{"class":62},[44,56996,56997,56999,57001,57003,57005],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,56998,82],{"class":58},[44,57000,63],{"class":62},[44,57002,2094],{"class":97},[44,57004,3480],{"class":62},[44,57006,50396],{"class":3483},[20,57008,103,57009,57012],{},[15,57010,57011],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[30,57014,113,57016,116],{"id":57015},"what-listcount-does",[15,57017,56923],{},[20,57019,57020,449],{},[15,57021,56923],{},[126,57023,57024,57027,57030,57033],{},[129,57025,57026],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[129,57028,57029],{},"returns an integer",[129,57031,57032],{},"does not change the original list",[129,57034,57035],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57037,57038],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57040,57041,57042,504],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57043,1894],{},[20,57045,57046,57047,504],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57048,1951],{},[30,57050,250],{"id":249},[20,57052,1989],{},[35,57054,57056],{"className":37,"code":57055,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57057,57058],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57059,57060,57062,57064,57066,57068,57070],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57061,8164],{"class":50},[44,57063,504],{"class":62},[44,57065,41082],{"class":97},[44,57067,63],{"class":62},[44,57069,354],{"class":97},[44,57071,76],{"class":62},[126,57073,57074,57079],{},[129,57075,57076,57078],{},[15,57077,8164],{}," is the list you want to search",[129,57080,57081,57083],{},[15,57082,354],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57085,145],{},[35,57087,57089],{"className":37,"code":57088,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57090,57091,57131],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57092,57093,57095,57097,57099,57101,57103,57105,57107,57109,57111,57113,57115,57117,57119,57121,57123,57125,57127,57129],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57094,35915],{"class":50},[44,57096,55],{"class":54},[44,57098,3440],{"class":62},[44,57100,67],{"class":66},[44,57102,491],{"class":70},[44,57104,67],{"class":66},[44,57106,186],{"class":62},[44,57108,1438],{"class":66},[44,57110,4587],{"class":70},[44,57112,67],{"class":66},[44,57114,186],{"class":62},[44,57116,1438],{"class":66},[44,57118,491],{"class":70},[44,57120,67],{"class":66},[44,57122,186],{"class":62},[44,57124,1438],{"class":66},[44,57126,9561],{"class":70},[44,57128,67],{"class":66},[44,57130,3453],{"class":62},[44,57132,57133,57135,57137,57139,57141,57143,57145,57147,57149,57151],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,57134,82],{"class":58},[44,57136,63],{"class":62},[44,57138,35968],{"class":97},[44,57140,504],{"class":62},[44,57142,41082],{"class":97},[44,57144,63],{"class":62},[44,57146,67],{"class":66},[44,57148,491],{"class":70},[44,57150,67],{"class":66},[44,57152,434],{"class":62},[20,57154,1031],{},[35,57156,57157],{"className":37,"code":16885,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,57158,57159],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57160,57161],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57162,16885],{"class":452},[20,57164,57165,57166,504],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57167,1951],{},[30,57169,37846],{"id":37845},[20,57171,57172,57173,57175,57176,504],{},"The return value from ",[15,57174,56918],{}," is always an ",[15,57177,588],{},[20,57179,57180],{},"Possible results:",[126,57182,57183,57188,57193],{},[129,57184,57185,57187],{},[15,57186,1951],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[129,57189,57190,57192],{},[15,57191,2807],{}," if it appears once",[129,57194,57195,57197],{},[15,57196,1889],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57199,145],{},[35,57201,57203],{"className":37,"code":57202,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57204,57205,57245,57249,57274,57299],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57206,57207,57209,57211,57213,57215,57217,57219,57221,57223,57225,57227,57229,57231,57233,57235,57237,57239,57241,57243],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57208,12901],{"class":50},[44,57210,55],{"class":54},[44,57212,3440],{"class":62},[44,57214,67],{"class":66},[44,57216,12918],{"class":70},[44,57218,67],{"class":66},[44,57220,186],{"class":62},[44,57222,1438],{"class":66},[44,57224,12935],{"class":70},[44,57226,67],{"class":66},[44,57228,186],{"class":62},[44,57230,1438],{"class":66},[44,57232,17285],{"class":70},[44,57234,67],{"class":66},[44,57236,186],{"class":62},[44,57238,1438],{"class":66},[44,57240,12935],{"class":70},[44,57242,67],{"class":66},[44,57244,3453],{"class":62},[44,57246,57247],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,57248,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,57250,57251,57253,57255,57257,57259,57261,57263,57265,57267,57269,57271],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,57252,82],{"class":58},[44,57254,63],{"class":62},[44,57256,17332],{"class":97},[44,57258,504],{"class":62},[44,57260,41082],{"class":97},[44,57262,63],{"class":62},[44,57264,67],{"class":66},[44,57266,12935],{"class":70},[44,57268,67],{"class":66},[44,57270,5190],{"class":62},[44,57272,57273],{"class":3483},"   # 2\n",[44,57275,57276,57278,57280,57282,57284,57286,57288,57290,57292,57294,57296],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,57277,82],{"class":58},[44,57279,63],{"class":62},[44,57281,17332],{"class":97},[44,57283,504],{"class":62},[44,57285,41082],{"class":97},[44,57287,63],{"class":62},[44,57289,67],{"class":66},[44,57291,12918],{"class":70},[44,57293,67],{"class":66},[44,57295,5190],{"class":62},[44,57297,57298],{"class":3483},"    # 1\n",[44,57300,57301,57303,57305,57307,57309,57311,57313,57315,57317,57319,57321],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,57302,82],{"class":58},[44,57304,63],{"class":62},[44,57306,17332],{"class":97},[44,57308,504],{"class":62},[44,57310,41082],{"class":97},[44,57312,63],{"class":62},[44,57314,67],{"class":66},[44,57316,22352],{"class":70},[44,57318,67],{"class":66},[44,57320,5190],{"class":62},[44,57322,57323],{"class":3483}," # 0\n",[20,57325,57326,57327,57329,57330,57332,57333,504],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57328,56918],{}," works, but using ",[15,57331,3705],{}," is often simpler. See ",[491,57334,6027],{"href":6026},[30,57336,57338],{"id":57337},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57340,57341,57343],{},[15,57342,56923],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57345,57346],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57348,43464],{},[126,57350,57351,57354,57357,57364],{},[129,57352,57353],{},"matches are based on equality",[129,57355,57356],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[129,57358,57359,1126,57361,57363],{},[15,57360,2807],{},[15,57362,3420],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[129,57365,57366],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[600,57368,57370],{"id":57369},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[35,57372,57374],{"className":37,"code":57373,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57375,57376,57409,57433],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57377,57378,57380,57382,57384,57386,57388,57390,57392,57394,57397,57399,57401,57403,57405,57407],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57379,3894],{"class":50},[44,57381,55],{"class":54},[44,57383,3440],{"class":62},[44,57385,67],{"class":66},[44,57387,3903],{"class":70},[44,57389,67],{"class":66},[44,57391,186],{"class":62},[44,57393,1438],{"class":66},[44,57395,57396],{"class":70},"Apple",[44,57398,67],{"class":66},[44,57400,186],{"class":62},[44,57402,1438],{"class":66},[44,57404,3903],{"class":70},[44,57406,67],{"class":66},[44,57408,3453],{"class":62},[44,57410,57411,57413,57415,57417,57419,57421,57423,57425,57427,57429,57431],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,57412,82],{"class":58},[44,57414,63],{"class":62},[44,57416,3938],{"class":97},[44,57418,504],{"class":62},[44,57420,41082],{"class":97},[44,57422,63],{"class":62},[44,57424,67],{"class":66},[44,57426,3903],{"class":70},[44,57428,67],{"class":66},[44,57430,5190],{"class":62},[44,57432,51041],{"class":3483},[44,57434,57435,57437,57439,57441,57443,57445,57447,57449,57451,57453,57455],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,57436,82],{"class":58},[44,57438,63],{"class":62},[44,57440,3938],{"class":97},[44,57442,504],{"class":62},[44,57444,41082],{"class":97},[44,57446,63],{"class":62},[44,57448,67],{"class":66},[44,57450,57396],{"class":70},[44,57452,67],{"class":66},[44,57454,5190],{"class":62},[44,57456,27610],{"class":3483},[20,57458,57459,1126,57462,57465],{},[15,57460,57461],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57463,57464],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[600,57467,57469,1126,57471,57473],{"id":57468},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57470,2807],{},[15,57472,3420],{}," can match",[35,57475,57477],{"className":37,"code":57476,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57478,57479,57503,57523],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57480,57481,57483,57485,57487,57489,57491,57493,57495,57497,57499,57501],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57482,3644],{"class":50},[44,57484,55],{"class":54},[44,57486,3440],{"class":62},[44,57488,2807],{"class":452},[44,57490,186],{"class":62},[44,57492,3739],{"class":3674},[44,57494,186],{"class":62},[44,57496,2812],{"class":452},[44,57498,186],{"class":62},[44,57500,711],{"class":452},[44,57502,3453],{"class":62},[44,57504,57505,57507,57509,57511,57513,57515,57517,57519,57521],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,57506,82],{"class":58},[44,57508,63],{"class":62},[44,57510,5187],{"class":97},[44,57512,504],{"class":62},[44,57514,41082],{"class":97},[44,57516,63],{"class":62},[44,57518,2807],{"class":452},[44,57520,5190],{"class":62},[44,57522,50544],{"class":3483},[44,57524,57525,57527,57529,57531,57533,57535,57537,57539,57541],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,57526,82],{"class":58},[44,57528,63],{"class":62},[44,57530,5187],{"class":97},[44,57532,504],{"class":62},[44,57534,41082],{"class":97},[44,57536,63],{"class":62},[44,57538,3420],{"class":3674},[44,57540,5190],{"class":62},[44,57542,50396],{"class":3483},[20,57544,4235],{},[20,57546,57547],{},"In Python:",[126,57549,57550,57555],{},[129,57551,57552],{},[15,57553,57554],{},"True == 1",[129,57556,57557],{},[15,57558,57559],{},"False == 0",[20,57561,53280,57562,57564],{},[15,57563,56918],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[600,57566,57568],{"id":57567},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[35,57570,57572],{"className":37,"code":57571,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57573,57574,57616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57575,57576,57578,57580,57582,57584,57586,57588,57590,57592,57594,57596,57598,57600,57602,57604,57606,57608,57610,57612,57614],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57577,7609],{"class":50},[44,57579,55],{"class":54},[44,57581,55921],{"class":62},[44,57583,2807],{"class":452},[44,57585,186],{"class":62},[44,57587,2812],{"class":452},[44,57589,17892],{"class":62},[44,57591,3440],{"class":62},[44,57593,1894],{"class":452},[44,57595,186],{"class":62},[44,57597,2287],{"class":452},[44,57599,17892],{"class":62},[44,57601,3440],{"class":62},[44,57603,2807],{"class":452},[44,57605,186],{"class":62},[44,57607,2812],{"class":452},[44,57609,17892],{"class":62},[44,57611,3440],{"class":62},[44,57613,2807],{"class":452},[44,57615,52869],{"class":62},[44,57617,57618,57620,57622,57624,57626,57628,57630,57632,57634,57636,57638],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,57619,82],{"class":58},[44,57621,63],{"class":62},[44,57623,7640],{"class":97},[44,57625,504],{"class":62},[44,57627,41082],{"class":97},[44,57629,2804],{"class":62},[44,57631,2807],{"class":452},[44,57633,186],{"class":62},[44,57635,2812],{"class":452},[44,57637,4561],{"class":62},[44,57639,51041],{"class":3483},[20,57641,57642],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[30,57644,57646],{"id":57645},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[600,57648,57650],{"id":57649},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[35,57652,57654],{"className":37,"code":57653,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57655,57656,57684,57702,57706],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57657,57658,57660,57662,57664,57666,57668,57670,57672,57674,57676,57678,57680,57682],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57659,3435],{"class":50},[44,57661,55],{"class":54},[44,57663,3440],{"class":62},[44,57665,2161],{"class":452},[44,57667,186],{"class":62},[44,57669,7620],{"class":452},[44,57671,186],{"class":62},[44,57673,5834],{"class":452},[44,57675,186],{"class":62},[44,57677,7625],{"class":452},[44,57679,186],{"class":62},[44,57681,5834],{"class":452},[44,57683,3453],{"class":62},[44,57685,57686,57688,57690,57692,57694,57696,57698,57700],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,57687,2059],{"class":50},[44,57689,55],{"class":54},[44,57691,4088],{"class":50},[44,57693,504],{"class":62},[44,57695,41082],{"class":97},[44,57697,63],{"class":62},[44,57699,2161],{"class":452},[44,57701,76],{"class":62},[44,57703,57704],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,57705,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,57707,57708,57710,57712,57714],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,57709,82],{"class":58},[44,57711,63],{"class":62},[44,57713,2094],{"class":97},[44,57715,76],{"class":62},[20,57717,1031],{},[35,57719,57720],{"className":37,"code":46241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,57721,57722],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57723,57724],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57725,46241],{"class":452},[600,57727,57729],{"id":57728},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[35,57731,57733],{"className":37,"code":57732,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57734,57735,57777,57799,57803],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57736,57737,57739,57741,57743,57745,57747,57749,57751,57753,57756,57758,57760,57762,57764,57766,57768,57770,57773,57775],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57738,3894],{"class":50},[44,57740,55],{"class":54},[44,57742,3440],{"class":62},[44,57744,67],{"class":66},[44,57746,36873],{"class":70},[44,57748,67],{"class":66},[44,57750,186],{"class":62},[44,57752,1438],{"class":66},[44,57754,57755],{"class":70},"dog",[44,57757,67],{"class":66},[44,57759,186],{"class":62},[44,57761,1438],{"class":66},[44,57763,36873],{"class":70},[44,57765,67],{"class":66},[44,57767,186],{"class":62},[44,57769,1438],{"class":66},[44,57771,57772],{"class":70},"bird",[44,57774,67],{"class":66},[44,57776,3453],{"class":62},[44,57778,57779,57781,57783,57785,57787,57789,57791,57793,57795,57797],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,57780,2059],{"class":50},[44,57782,55],{"class":54},[44,57784,5997],{"class":50},[44,57786,504],{"class":62},[44,57788,41082],{"class":97},[44,57790,63],{"class":62},[44,57792,67],{"class":66},[44,57794,36873],{"class":70},[44,57796,67],{"class":66},[44,57798,76],{"class":62},[44,57800,57801],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,57802,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,57804,57805,57807,57809,57811],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,57806,82],{"class":58},[44,57808,63],{"class":62},[44,57810,2094],{"class":97},[44,57812,76],{"class":62},[20,57814,1031],{},[35,57816,57817],{"className":37,"code":16885,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,57818,57819],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57820,57821],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57822,16885],{"class":452},[600,57824,57826],{"id":57825},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[35,57828,57830],{"className":37,"code":57829,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57831,57832,57856,57874,57878],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57833,57834,57836,57838,57840,57842,57844,57846,57848,57850,57852,57854],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57835,3435],{"class":50},[44,57837,55],{"class":54},[44,57839,3440],{"class":62},[44,57841,2807],{"class":452},[44,57843,186],{"class":62},[44,57845,2812],{"class":452},[44,57847,186],{"class":62},[44,57849,2282],{"class":452},[44,57851,186],{"class":62},[44,57853,2287],{"class":452},[44,57855,3453],{"class":62},[44,57857,57858,57860,57862,57864,57866,57868,57870,57872],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,57859,2059],{"class":50},[44,57861,55],{"class":54},[44,57863,4088],{"class":50},[44,57865,504],{"class":62},[44,57867,41082],{"class":97},[44,57869,63],{"class":62},[44,57871,1129],{"class":452},[44,57873,76],{"class":62},[44,57875,57876],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,57877,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,57879,57880,57882,57884,57886],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,57881,82],{"class":58},[44,57883,63],{"class":62},[44,57885,2094],{"class":97},[44,57887,76],{"class":62},[20,57889,1031],{},[35,57891,57892],{"className":37,"code":46876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,57893,57894],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57895,57896],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57897,46876],{"class":452},[600,57899,57901],{"id":57900},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[35,57903,57905],{"className":37,"code":57904,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57906,57907,57953,57975,57979],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57908,57909,57911,57913,57915,57917,57919,57921,57923,57925,57927,57929,57931,57933,57935,57937,57939,57941,57943,57945,57947,57949,57951],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57910,8988],{"class":50},[44,57912,55],{"class":54},[44,57914,55921],{"class":62},[44,57916,2807],{"class":452},[44,57918,186],{"class":62},[44,57920,2812],{"class":452},[44,57922,17892],{"class":62},[44,57924,3440],{"class":62},[44,57926,2807],{"class":452},[44,57928,186],{"class":62},[44,57930,2812],{"class":452},[44,57932,17892],{"class":62},[44,57934,3440],{"class":62},[44,57936,1889],{"class":452},[44,57938,186],{"class":62},[44,57940,2282],{"class":452},[44,57942,17892],{"class":62},[44,57944,3440],{"class":62},[44,57946,2807],{"class":452},[44,57948,186],{"class":62},[44,57950,2812],{"class":452},[44,57952,52869],{"class":62},[44,57954,57955,57957,57959,57961,57963,57965,57967,57969,57971,57973],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,57956,2059],{"class":50},[44,57958,55],{"class":54},[44,57960,14393],{"class":50},[44,57962,504],{"class":62},[44,57964,41082],{"class":97},[44,57966,2804],{"class":62},[44,57968,2807],{"class":452},[44,57970,186],{"class":62},[44,57972,2812],{"class":452},[44,57974,3711],{"class":62},[44,57976,57977],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,57978,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,57980,57981,57983,57985,57987],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,57982,82],{"class":58},[44,57984,63],{"class":62},[44,57986,2094],{"class":97},[44,57988,76],{"class":62},[20,57990,1031],{},[35,57992,57993],{"className":37,"code":46241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,57994,57995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57996,57997],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57998,46241],{"class":452},[30,58000,4788,58002],{"id":58001},"when-to-use-count",[15,58003,56918],{},[20,58005,103,58006,58008],{},[15,58007,56918],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58010,58011],{},"Good use cases:",[126,58013,58014,58017,58020],{},[129,58015,58016],{},"counting one specific item",[129,58018,58019],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[129,58021,58022],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58024,145],{},[35,58026,58028],{"className":37,"code":58027,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58029,58030,58071,58095,58099],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58031,58032,58035,58037,58039,58041,58043,58045,58047,58049,58051,58053,58055,58057,58059,58061,58063,58065,58067,58069],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58033,58034],{"class":50},"votes ",[44,58036,55],{"class":54},[44,58038,3440],{"class":62},[44,58040,67],{"class":66},[44,58042,8482],{"class":70},[44,58044,67],{"class":66},[44,58046,186],{"class":62},[44,58048,1438],{"class":66},[44,58050,8424],{"class":70},[44,58052,67],{"class":66},[44,58054,186],{"class":62},[44,58056,1438],{"class":66},[44,58058,8482],{"class":70},[44,58060,67],{"class":66},[44,58062,186],{"class":62},[44,58064,1438],{"class":66},[44,58066,8482],{"class":70},[44,58068,67],{"class":66},[44,58070,3453],{"class":62},[44,58072,58073,58076,58078,58081,58083,58085,58087,58089,58091,58093],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,58074,58075],{"class":50},"yes_votes ",[44,58077,55],{"class":54},[44,58079,58080],{"class":50}," votes",[44,58082,504],{"class":62},[44,58084,41082],{"class":97},[44,58086,63],{"class":62},[44,58088,67],{"class":66},[44,58090,8482],{"class":70},[44,58092,67],{"class":66},[44,58094,76],{"class":62},[44,58096,58097],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,58098,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,58100,58101,58103,58105,58108],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,58102,82],{"class":58},[44,58104,63],{"class":62},[44,58106,58107],{"class":97},"yes_votes",[44,58109,76],{"class":62},[20,58111,58112,58114],{},[15,58113,56918],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58116,58117,58118,1126,58120,504],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[491,58119,52398],{"href":50605},[491,58121,58123],{"href":58122},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[30,58125,1486],{"id":1485},[20,58127,8273,58128,504],{},[15,58129,56923],{},[600,58131,58133],{"id":58132},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58135,58136,58138],{},[15,58137,56923],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[35,58140,58142],{"className":37,"code":58141,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58143,58144,58177],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58145,58146,58148,58150,58152,58154,58157,58159,58161,58163,58165,58167,58169,58171,58173,58175],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58147,3894],{"class":50},[44,58149,55],{"class":54},[44,58151,3440],{"class":62},[44,58153,67],{"class":66},[44,58155,58156],{"class":70},"apple pie",[44,58158,67],{"class":66},[44,58160,186],{"class":62},[44,58162,1438],{"class":66},[44,58164,3912],{"class":70},[44,58166,67],{"class":66},[44,58168,186],{"class":62},[44,58170,1438],{"class":66},[44,58172,58156],{"class":70},[44,58174,67],{"class":66},[44,58176,3453],{"class":62},[44,58178,58179,58181,58183,58185,58187,58189,58191,58193,58195,58197,58199],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,58180,82],{"class":58},[44,58182,63],{"class":62},[44,58184,3938],{"class":97},[44,58186,504],{"class":62},[44,58188,41082],{"class":97},[44,58190,63],{"class":62},[44,58192,67],{"class":66},[44,58194,3903],{"class":70},[44,58196,67],{"class":66},[44,58198,5190],{"class":62},[44,58200,50873],{"class":3483},[20,58202,2318,58203,213],{},[15,58204,1951],{},[20,58206,1692,58207,58209,58210,504],{},[15,58208,57461],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58211,58212],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58214,58215,58216,504],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58217,58218],{},"str.count()",[600,58220,8279,58222,8282,58224,497,58226],{"id":58221},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58223,56918],{},[15,58225,3420],{},[15,58227,3494],{},[20,58229,58230,58232],{},[15,58231,56918],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[35,58234,58236],{"className":37,"code":58235,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58237,58238,58262],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58239,58240,58242,58244,58246,58248,58250,58252,58254,58256,58258,58260],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58241,3435],{"class":50},[44,58243,55],{"class":54},[44,58245,3440],{"class":62},[44,58247,2807],{"class":452},[44,58249,186],{"class":62},[44,58251,2812],{"class":452},[44,58253,186],{"class":62},[44,58255,2812],{"class":452},[44,58257,186],{"class":62},[44,58259,2282],{"class":452},[44,58261,3453],{"class":62},[44,58263,58264,58266,58268,58270,58272,58274,58276,58278,58280],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,58265,82],{"class":58},[44,58267,63],{"class":62},[44,58269,3467],{"class":97},[44,58271,504],{"class":62},[44,58273,41082],{"class":97},[44,58275,63],{"class":62},[44,58277,1889],{"class":452},[44,58279,5190],{"class":62},[44,58281,51041],{"class":3483},[20,58283,58284],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[35,58286,58288],{"className":37,"code":58287,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58289,58290],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58291,58292,58294,58296,58298,58300,58302,58304],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58293,82],{"class":58},[44,58295,63],{"class":62},[44,58297,1889],{"class":452},[44,58299,21002],{"class":1384},[44,58301,4088],{"class":97},[44,58303,3480],{"class":62},[44,58305,3484],{"class":3483},[600,58307,58309],{"id":58308},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[35,58311,58313],{"className":37,"code":58312,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58314,58315,58348],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58316,58317,58319,58321,58323,58325,58327,58329,58331,58333,58335,58337,58339,58341,58344,58346],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58318,4822],{"class":50},[44,58320,55],{"class":54},[44,58322,3440],{"class":62},[44,58324,67],{"class":66},[44,58326,7507],{"class":70},[44,58328,67],{"class":66},[44,58330,186],{"class":62},[44,58332,1438],{"class":66},[44,58334,20046],{"class":70},[44,58336,67],{"class":66},[44,58338,186],{"class":62},[44,58340,1438],{"class":66},[44,58342,58343],{"class":70},"SAM",[44,58345,67],{"class":66},[44,58347,3453],{"class":62},[44,58349,58350,58352,58354,58356,58358,58360,58362,58364,58366,58368,58370],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,58351,82],{"class":58},[44,58353,63],{"class":62},[44,58355,4866],{"class":97},[44,58357,504],{"class":62},[44,58359,41082],{"class":97},[44,58361,63],{"class":62},[44,58363,67],{"class":66},[44,58365,20046],{"class":70},[44,58367,67],{"class":66},[44,58369,5190],{"class":62},[44,58371,27610],{"class":3483},[20,58373,58374,58375,58378],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58376,58377],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[600,58380,29480,58382,33374],{"id":58381},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58383,56918],{},[20,58385,58386],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[35,58388,58390],{"className":37,"code":58389,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58391,58392,58402,58416,58434,58448,58460],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58393,58394,58396,58398,58400],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58395,82],{"class":58},[44,58397,63],{"class":62},[44,58399,8164],{"class":97},[44,58401,76],{"class":62},[44,58403,58404,58406,58408,58410,58412,58414],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,58405,82],{"class":58},[44,58407,63],{"class":62},[44,58409,427],{"class":426},[44,58411,63],{"class":62},[44,58413,8164],{"class":97},[44,58415,434],{"class":62},[44,58417,58418,58420,58422,58424,58426,58428,58430,58432],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,58419,82],{"class":58},[44,58421,63],{"class":62},[44,58423,8164],{"class":97},[44,58425,504],{"class":62},[44,58427,41082],{"class":97},[44,58429,63],{"class":62},[44,58431,354],{"class":97},[44,58433,434],{"class":62},[44,58435,58436,58438,58440,58442,58444,58446],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,58437,82],{"class":58},[44,58439,63],{"class":62},[44,58441,338],{"class":97},[44,58443,3705],{"class":1384},[44,58445,8221],{"class":97},[44,58447,76],{"class":62},[44,58449,58450,58452,58454,58456,58458],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,58451,5787],{"class":1384},[44,58453,5790],{"class":50},[44,58455,3705],{"class":1384},[44,58457,8221],{"class":50},[44,58459,1388],{"class":62},[44,58461,58462,58464,58466,58468,58470,58472],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,58463,1416],{"class":58},[44,58465,63],{"class":62},[44,58467,1231],{"class":58},[44,58469,63],{"class":62},[44,58471,23139],{"class":97},[44,58473,434],{"class":62},[20,58475,58476],{},"These checks can help you see:",[126,58478,58479,58482,58485],{},[129,58480,58481],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[129,58483,58484],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[129,58486,58487],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58489,58490],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[126,58492,58493,58498,58501,58508],{},[129,58494,50117,58495,58497],{},[15,58496,56918],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[129,58499,58500],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[129,58502,10931,58503,58505,58506],{},[15,58504,56923],{}," with string ",[15,58507,56918],{},[129,58509,58510],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[30,58512,1651],{"id":1650},[600,58514,1655,58516,58518],{"id":58515},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58517,56923],{}," change the list?",[20,58520,58521],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[600,58523,58525],{"id":58524},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58527,11736,58528,504],{},[15,58529,1951],{},[600,58531,4997,58533,58535],{"id":58532},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58534,56923],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58537,58538],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[600,58540,14730,58542,58544],{"id":58541},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58543,56923],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58546,41968,58547,1126,58549,58551],{},[15,58548,57464],{},[15,58550,57461],{}," are different values.",[600,58553,1683,58555,58557,58558,213],{"id":58554},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58556,3420],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58559,2807],{},[20,58561,8610,58562,58564,58565,1126,58567,58564,58569,504],{},[15,58563,3420],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58566,2807],{},[15,58568,3494],{},[15,58570,1951],{},[30,58572,1719],{"id":1718},[126,58574,58575,58579,58585,58589,58597,58604],{},[129,58576,58577],{},[491,58578,52398],{"href":50605},[129,58580,58581],{},[491,58582,58584],{"href":58583},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[129,58586,58587],{},[491,58588,6766],{"href":6026},[129,58590,58591],{},[491,58592,55147,58594,10564],{"href":58593},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58595,58596],{},"index()",[129,58598,58599],{},[491,58600,13,58602],{"href":58601},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,58603,42175],{},[129,58605,58606],{},[491,58607,58608],{"href":58122},"What is a list in Python",[1758,58610,58611],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":58613},[58614,58615,58617,58618,58619,58625,58631,58633,58641,58652],{"id":3424,"depth":79,"text":3425},{"id":57015,"depth":79,"text":58616},"What list.count() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":37845,"depth":79,"text":37846},{"id":57337,"depth":79,"text":57338,"children":58620},[58621,58622,58624],{"id":57369,"depth":419,"text":57370},{"id":57468,"depth":419,"text":58623},"1 and True can match",{"id":57567,"depth":419,"text":57568},{"id":57645,"depth":79,"text":57646,"children":58626},[58627,58628,58629,58630],{"id":57649,"depth":419,"text":57650},{"id":57728,"depth":419,"text":57729},{"id":57825,"depth":419,"text":57826},{"id":57900,"depth":419,"text":57901},{"id":58001,"depth":79,"text":58632},"When to use count()",{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486,"children":58634},[58635,58636,58638,58639],{"id":58132,"depth":419,"text":58133},{"id":58221,"depth":419,"text":58637},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58308,"depth":419,"text":58309},{"id":58381,"depth":419,"text":58640},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":58642},[58643,58645,58646,58648,58650],{"id":58515,"depth":419,"text":58644},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58524,"depth":419,"text":58525},{"id":58532,"depth":419,"text":58647},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58541,"depth":419,"text":58649},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58554,"depth":419,"text":58651},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":56910,"description":58653},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58660,"title":58661,"body":58662,"description":60625,"extension":1796,"meta":60626,"navigation":807,"path":60627,"seo":60628,"stem":60629,"__hash__":60630},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58663,"toc":60588},[58664,58667,58670,58672,58800,58804,58885,58896,58898,58917,58921,58924,58927,58945,58947,58990,58994,59019,59028,59032,59037,59040,59157,59161,59230,59234,59246,59250,59253,59294,59298,59311,59314,59399,59403,59436,59443,59449,59454,59456,59468,59472,59505,59509,59541,59545,59582,59586,59606,59610,59644,59648,59677,59688,59692,59695,59698,59711,59768,59772,59811,59817,59820,59822,59825,59829,59832,59857,59859,59884,59891,59894,59939,59943,59962,59965,60004,60011,60016,60050,60054,60155,60162,60195,60199,60225,60229,60232,60270,60273,60310,60314,60317,60336,60340,60401,60403,60421,60425,60428,60431,60460,60462,60466,60469,60477,60481,60484,60504,60510,60516,60520,60523,60530,60538,60540,60579,60585],[10,58665,58661],{"id":58666},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,58668,58669],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[30,58671,3425],{"id":3424},[35,58673,58675],{"className":37,"code":58674,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,58676,58677,58697,58729,58737,58755,58759,58769,58779,58790],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58678,58679,58681,58683,58685,58687,58689,58691,58693,58695],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58680,3435],{"class":50},[44,58682,55],{"class":54},[44,58684,3440],{"class":62},[44,58686,2807],{"class":452},[44,58688,186],{"class":62},[44,58690,2812],{"class":452},[44,58692,186],{"class":62},[44,58694,2282],{"class":452},[44,58696,3453],{"class":62},[44,58698,58699,58701,58703,58705,58707,58709,58711,58713,58715,58717,58719,58721,58723,58725,58727],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,58700,4822],{"class":50},[44,58702,55],{"class":54},[44,58704,3440],{"class":62},[44,58706,67],{"class":66},[44,58708,12705],{"class":70},[44,58710,67],{"class":66},[44,58712,186],{"class":62},[44,58714,1438],{"class":66},[44,58716,35766],{"class":70},[44,58718,67],{"class":66},[44,58720,186],{"class":62},[44,58722,1438],{"class":66},[44,58724,35775],{"class":70},[44,58726,67],{"class":66},[44,58728,3453],{"class":62},[44,58730,58731,58733,58735],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,58732,55558],{"class":50},[44,58734,55],{"class":54},[44,58736,7669],{"class":62},[44,58738,58739,58741,58743,58745,58747,58749,58751,58753],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,58740,35915],{"class":50},[44,58742,55],{"class":54},[44,58744,22388],{"class":426},[44,58746,63],{"class":62},[44,58748,67],{"class":66},[44,58750,41382],{"class":70},[44,58752,67],{"class":66},[44,58754,76],{"class":62},[44,58756,58757],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,58758,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,58760,58761,58763,58765,58767],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,58762,82],{"class":58},[44,58764,63],{"class":62},[44,58766,3467],{"class":97},[44,58768,76],{"class":62},[44,58770,58771,58773,58775,58777],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,58772,82],{"class":58},[44,58774,63],{"class":62},[44,58776,4866],{"class":97},[44,58778,76],{"class":62},[44,58780,58781,58783,58785,58788],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,58782,82],{"class":58},[44,58784,63],{"class":62},[44,58786,58787],{"class":97},"empty_list",[44,58789,76],{"class":62},[44,58791,58792,58794,58796,58798],{"class":46,"line":6261},[44,58793,82],{"class":58},[44,58795,63],{"class":62},[44,58797,35968],{"class":97},[44,58799,76],{"class":62},[20,58801,58802],{},[3563,58803,1031],{},[35,58805,58807],{"className":37,"code":58806,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,58808,58809,58825,58853,58857],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58810,58811,58813,58815,58817,58819,58821,58823],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58812,3723],{"class":62},[44,58814,2807],{"class":452},[44,58816,186],{"class":62},[44,58818,2812],{"class":452},[44,58820,186],{"class":62},[44,58822,2282],{"class":452},[44,58824,3453],{"class":62},[44,58826,58827,58829,58831,58833,58835,58837,58839,58841,58843,58845,58847,58849,58851],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,58828,3723],{"class":62},[44,58830,476],{"class":66},[44,58832,12705],{"class":70},[44,58834,476],{"class":66},[44,58836,186],{"class":62},[44,58838,470],{"class":66},[44,58840,35766],{"class":70},[44,58842,476],{"class":66},[44,58844,186],{"class":62},[44,58846,470],{"class":66},[44,58848,35775],{"class":70},[44,58850,476],{"class":66},[44,58852,3453],{"class":62},[44,58854,58855],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,58856,38123],{"class":62},[44,58858,58859,58861,58863,58865,58867,58869,58871,58873,58875,58877,58879,58881,58883],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,58860,3723],{"class":62},[44,58862,476],{"class":66},[44,58864,491],{"class":70},[44,58866,476],{"class":66},[44,58868,186],{"class":62},[44,58870,470],{"class":66},[44,58872,4587],{"class":70},[44,58874,476],{"class":66},[44,58876,186],{"class":62},[44,58878,470],{"class":66},[44,58880,9561],{"class":70},[44,58882,476],{"class":66},[44,58884,3453],{"class":62},[20,58886,58887,58888,58890,58891,58893,58894,504],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,58889,3608],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,58892,24610],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,58895,36023],{},[30,58897,14990],{"id":14989},[126,58899,58900,58903,58906,58909,58914],{},[129,58901,58902],{},"What a list is in Python",[129,58904,58905],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[129,58907,58908],{},"How to create an empty list",[129,58910,58911,58912,2133],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,58913,24610],{},[129,58915,58916],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[30,58918,58920],{"id":58919},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,58922,58923],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,58925,58926],{},"This means:",[126,58928,58929,58932,58935,58938],{},[129,58930,58931],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[129,58933,58934],{},"The order of items is kept",[129,58936,58937],{},"A list can hold different data types",[129,58939,58940,58941,58944],{},"A list is ",[3563,58942,58943],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,58946,145],{},[35,58948,58950],{"className":37,"code":58949,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,58951,58952,58976,58980],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58953,58954,58956,58958,58960,58962,58964,58966,58968,58970,58972,58974],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58955,7609],{"class":50},[44,58957,55],{"class":54},[44,58959,3440],{"class":62},[44,58961,67],{"class":66},[44,58963,3903],{"class":70},[44,58965,67],{"class":66},[44,58967,186],{"class":62},[44,58969,5834],{"class":452},[44,58971,186],{"class":62},[44,58973,3739],{"class":3674},[44,58975,3453],{"class":62},[44,58977,58978],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,58979,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,58981,58982,58984,58986,58988],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,58983,82],{"class":58},[44,58985,63],{"class":62},[44,58987,7640],{"class":97},[44,58989,76],{"class":62},[20,58991,58992],{},[3563,58993,1031],{},[35,58995,58997],{"className":37,"code":58996,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,58998,58999],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59000,59001,59003,59005,59007,59009,59011,59013,59015,59017],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59002,3723],{"class":62},[44,59004,476],{"class":66},[44,59006,3903],{"class":70},[44,59008,476],{"class":66},[44,59010,186],{"class":62},[44,59012,5834],{"class":452},[44,59014,186],{"class":62},[44,59016,3739],{"class":3674},[44,59018,3453],{"class":62},[20,59020,59021,59022,497,59025,504],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[491,59023,59024],{"href":50605},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[491,59026,59027],{"href":58122},"What is a List in Python?",[30,59029,59031],{"id":59030},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59033,58887,59034,59036],{},[15,59035,3608],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59038,59039],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[35,59041,59043],{"className":37,"code":59042,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59044,59045,59065,59097,59122,59126,59136,59146],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59046,59047,59049,59051,59053,59055,59057,59059,59061,59063],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59048,3435],{"class":50},[44,59050,55],{"class":54},[44,59052,3440],{"class":62},[44,59054,2807],{"class":452},[44,59056,186],{"class":62},[44,59058,2812],{"class":452},[44,59060,186],{"class":62},[44,59062,2282],{"class":452},[44,59064,3453],{"class":62},[44,59066,59067,59069,59071,59073,59075,59077,59079,59081,59083,59085,59087,59089,59091,59093,59095],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,59068,4822],{"class":50},[44,59070,55],{"class":54},[44,59072,3440],{"class":62},[44,59074,67],{"class":66},[44,59076,12705],{"class":70},[44,59078,67],{"class":66},[44,59080,186],{"class":62},[44,59082,1438],{"class":66},[44,59084,35766],{"class":70},[44,59086,67],{"class":66},[44,59088,186],{"class":62},[44,59090,1438],{"class":66},[44,59092,35775],{"class":70},[44,59094,67],{"class":66},[44,59096,3453],{"class":62},[44,59098,59099,59102,59104,59106,59108,59110,59112,59114,59116,59118,59120],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,59100,59101],{"class":50},"mixed ",[44,59103,55],{"class":54},[44,59105,3440],{"class":62},[44,59107,2161],{"class":452},[44,59109,186],{"class":62},[44,59111,1438],{"class":66},[44,59113,3667],{"class":70},[44,59115,67],{"class":66},[44,59117,186],{"class":62},[44,59119,3730],{"class":3674},[44,59121,3453],{"class":62},[44,59123,59124],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,59125,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,59127,59128,59130,59132,59134],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,59129,82],{"class":58},[44,59131,63],{"class":62},[44,59133,3467],{"class":97},[44,59135,76],{"class":62},[44,59137,59138,59140,59142,59144],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,59139,82],{"class":58},[44,59141,63],{"class":62},[44,59143,4866],{"class":97},[44,59145,76],{"class":62},[44,59147,59148,59150,59152,59155],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,59149,82],{"class":58},[44,59151,63],{"class":62},[44,59153,59154],{"class":97},"mixed",[44,59156,76],{"class":62},[20,59158,59159],{},[3563,59160,1031],{},[35,59162,59164],{"className":37,"code":59163,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59165,59166,59182,59210],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59167,59168,59170,59172,59174,59176,59178,59180],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59169,3723],{"class":62},[44,59171,2807],{"class":452},[44,59173,186],{"class":62},[44,59175,2812],{"class":452},[44,59177,186],{"class":62},[44,59179,2282],{"class":452},[44,59181,3453],{"class":62},[44,59183,59184,59186,59188,59190,59192,59194,59196,59198,59200,59202,59204,59206,59208],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,59185,3723],{"class":62},[44,59187,476],{"class":66},[44,59189,12705],{"class":70},[44,59191,476],{"class":66},[44,59193,186],{"class":62},[44,59195,470],{"class":66},[44,59197,35766],{"class":70},[44,59199,476],{"class":66},[44,59201,186],{"class":62},[44,59203,470],{"class":66},[44,59205,35775],{"class":70},[44,59207,476],{"class":66},[44,59209,3453],{"class":62},[44,59211,59212,59214,59216,59218,59220,59222,59224,59226,59228],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,59213,3723],{"class":62},[44,59215,2161],{"class":452},[44,59217,186],{"class":62},[44,59219,470],{"class":66},[44,59221,3667],{"class":70},[44,59223,476],{"class":66},[44,59225,186],{"class":62},[44,59227,3730],{"class":3674},[44,59229,3453],{"class":62},[600,59231,59233],{"id":59232},"key-points","Key points",[126,59235,59236,59241,59243],{},[129,59237,103,59238,59240],{},[15,59239,3608],{}," to make a new list",[129,59242,15260],{},[129,59244,59245],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[30,59247,59249],{"id":59248},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59251,59252],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[35,59254,59256],{"className":37,"code":59255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59257,59258,59266,59270,59280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59259,59260,59262,59264],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59261,8133],{"class":50},[44,59263,55],{"class":54},[44,59265,7669],{"class":62},[44,59267,59268],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,59269,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,59271,59272,59274,59276,59278],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,59273,82],{"class":58},[44,59275,63],{"class":62},[44,59277,8164],{"class":97},[44,59279,76],{"class":62},[44,59281,59282,59284,59286,59288,59290,59292],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,59283,82],{"class":58},[44,59285,63],{"class":62},[44,59287,10986],{"class":58},[44,59289,63],{"class":62},[44,59291,8164],{"class":97},[44,59293,434],{"class":62},[20,59295,59296],{},[3563,59297,1031],{},[35,59299,59301],{"className":37,"code":59300,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[]\n0\n",[15,59302,59303,59307],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59304,59305],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59306,38123],{"class":62},[44,59308,59309],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,59310,46876],{"class":452},[20,59312,59313],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[35,59315,59317],{"className":37,"code":59316,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59318,59319,59327,59331,59349,59367,59385,59389],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59320,59321,59323,59325],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59322,4822],{"class":50},[44,59324,55],{"class":54},[44,59326,7669],{"class":62},[44,59328,59329],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,59330,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,59332,59333,59335,59337,59339,59341,59343,59345,59347],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,59334,4866],{"class":50},[44,59336,504],{"class":62},[44,59338,13379],{"class":97},[44,59340,63],{"class":62},[44,59342,67],{"class":66},[44,59344,12705],{"class":70},[44,59346,67],{"class":66},[44,59348,76],{"class":62},[44,59350,59351,59353,59355,59357,59359,59361,59363,59365],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,59352,4866],{"class":50},[44,59354,504],{"class":62},[44,59356,13379],{"class":97},[44,59358,63],{"class":62},[44,59360,67],{"class":66},[44,59362,35766],{"class":70},[44,59364,67],{"class":66},[44,59366,76],{"class":62},[44,59368,59369,59371,59373,59375,59377,59379,59381,59383],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,59370,4866],{"class":50},[44,59372,504],{"class":62},[44,59374,13379],{"class":97},[44,59376,63],{"class":62},[44,59378,67],{"class":66},[44,59380,35775],{"class":70},[44,59382,67],{"class":66},[44,59384,76],{"class":62},[44,59386,59387],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,59388,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,59390,59391,59393,59395,59397],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,59392,82],{"class":58},[44,59394,63],{"class":62},[44,59396,4866],{"class":97},[44,59398,76],{"class":62},[20,59400,59401],{},[3563,59402,1031],{},[35,59404,59406],{"className":37,"code":59405,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59407,59408],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59409,59410,59412,59414,59416,59418,59420,59422,59424,59426,59428,59430,59432,59434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59411,3723],{"class":62},[44,59413,476],{"class":66},[44,59415,12705],{"class":70},[44,59417,476],{"class":66},[44,59419,186],{"class":62},[44,59421,470],{"class":66},[44,59423,35766],{"class":70},[44,59425,476],{"class":66},[44,59427,186],{"class":62},[44,59429,470],{"class":66},[44,59431,35775],{"class":70},[44,59433,476],{"class":66},[44,59435,3453],{"class":62},[20,59437,59438,59439,504],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[491,59440,59441,10564],{"href":56396},[15,59442,52279],{},[30,59444,59446,59447],{"id":59445},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59448,24610],{},[20,59450,103,59451,59453],{},[15,59452,24610],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59455,5286],{},[126,59457,59458,59460,59462,59464],{},[129,59459,5137],{},[129,59461,5131],{},[129,59463,5134],{},[129,59465,59466],{},[15,59467,36023],{},[600,59469,59471],{"id":59470},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[35,59473,59475],{"className":37,"code":59474,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59476,59477,59495],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59478,59479,59481,59483,59485,59487,59489,59491,59493],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59480,35915],{"class":50},[44,59482,55],{"class":54},[44,59484,22388],{"class":426},[44,59486,63],{"class":62},[44,59488,67],{"class":66},[44,59490,41382],{"class":70},[44,59492,67],{"class":66},[44,59494,76],{"class":62},[44,59496,59497,59499,59501,59503],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,59498,82],{"class":58},[44,59500,63],{"class":62},[44,59502,35968],{"class":97},[44,59504,76],{"class":62},[20,59506,59507],{},[3563,59508,1031],{},[35,59510,59511],{"className":37,"code":42689,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,59512,59513],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59514,59515,59517,59519,59521,59523,59525,59527,59529,59531,59533,59535,59537,59539],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59516,3723],{"class":62},[44,59518,476],{"class":66},[44,59520,491],{"class":70},[44,59522,476],{"class":66},[44,59524,186],{"class":62},[44,59526,470],{"class":66},[44,59528,4587],{"class":70},[44,59530,476],{"class":66},[44,59532,186],{"class":62},[44,59534,470],{"class":66},[44,59536,9561],{"class":70},[44,59538,476],{"class":66},[44,59540,3453],{"class":62},[600,59542,59544],{"id":59543},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[35,59546,59548],{"className":37,"code":59547,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59549,59550,59572],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59551,59552,59554,59556,59558,59560,59562,59564,59566,59568,59570],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59553,3435],{"class":50},[44,59555,55],{"class":54},[44,59557,22388],{"class":426},[44,59559,5339],{"class":62},[44,59561,2807],{"class":452},[44,59563,186],{"class":62},[44,59565,2812],{"class":452},[44,59567,186],{"class":62},[44,59569,2282],{"class":452},[44,59571,434],{"class":62},[44,59573,59574,59576,59578,59580],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,59575,82],{"class":58},[44,59577,63],{"class":62},[44,59579,3467],{"class":97},[44,59581,76],{"class":62},[20,59583,59584],{},[3563,59585,1031],{},[35,59587,59588],{"className":37,"code":54777,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,59589,59590],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59591,59592,59594,59596,59598,59600,59602,59604],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59593,3723],{"class":62},[44,59595,2807],{"class":452},[44,59597,186],{"class":62},[44,59599,2812],{"class":452},[44,59601,186],{"class":62},[44,59603,2282],{"class":452},[44,59605,3453],{"class":62},[600,59607,59609],{"id":59608},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[35,59611,59613],{"className":37,"code":59612,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59614,59615,59634],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59616,59617,59619,59621,59623,59625,59628,59630,59632],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59618,3644],{"class":50},[44,59620,55],{"class":54},[44,59622,22388],{"class":426},[44,59624,63],{"class":62},[44,59626,59627],{"class":58},"range",[44,59629,63],{"class":62},[44,59631,1129],{"class":452},[44,59633,434],{"class":62},[44,59635,59636,59638,59640,59642],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,59637,82],{"class":58},[44,59639,63],{"class":62},[44,59641,5187],{"class":97},[44,59643,76],{"class":62},[20,59645,59646],{},[3563,59647,1031],{},[35,59649,59651],{"className":37,"code":59650,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,59652,59653],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59654,59655,59657,59659,59661,59663,59665,59667,59669,59671,59673,59675],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59656,3723],{"class":62},[44,59658,1951],{"class":452},[44,59660,186],{"class":62},[44,59662,711],{"class":452},[44,59664,186],{"class":62},[44,59666,2812],{"class":452},[44,59668,186],{"class":62},[44,59670,2282],{"class":452},[44,59672,186],{"class":62},[44,59674,2287],{"class":452},[44,59676,3453],{"class":62},[20,59678,59679,59681,59682,504],{},[15,59680,24610],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[491,59683,59685,59687],{"href":59684},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,59686,24610],{},": Function Explained",[30,59689,59691],{"id":59690},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,59693,59694],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,59696,59697],{},"Examples include:",[126,59699,59700,59702,59704,59706,59708],{},[129,59701,5137],{},[129,59703,40249],{},[129,59705,51672],{},[129,59707,40419],{},[129,59709,59710],{},"other lists",[35,59712,59714],{"className":37,"code":59713,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,59715,59716,59754,59758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59717,59718,59720,59722,59724,59726,59728,59730,59732,59734,59736,59738,59740,59742,59744,59746,59748,59750,59752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59719,8988],{"class":50},[44,59721,55],{"class":54},[44,59723,3440],{"class":62},[44,59725,67],{"class":66},[44,59727,12705],{"class":70},[44,59729,67],{"class":66},[44,59731,186],{"class":62},[44,59733,9127],{"class":452},[44,59735,186],{"class":62},[44,59737,3739],{"class":3674},[44,59739,186],{"class":62},[44,59741,3440],{"class":62},[44,59743,2807],{"class":452},[44,59745,186],{"class":62},[44,59747,2812],{"class":452},[44,59749,186],{"class":62},[44,59751,2282],{"class":452},[44,59753,52869],{"class":62},[44,59755,59756],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,59757,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,59759,59760,59762,59764,59766],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,59761,82],{"class":58},[44,59763,63],{"class":62},[44,59765,9026],{"class":97},[44,59767,76],{"class":62},[20,59769,59770],{},[3563,59771,1031],{},[35,59773,59775],{"className":37,"code":59774,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,59776,59777],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59778,59779,59781,59783,59785,59787,59789,59791,59793,59795,59797,59799,59801,59803,59805,59807,59809],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59780,3723],{"class":62},[44,59782,476],{"class":66},[44,59784,12705],{"class":70},[44,59786,476],{"class":66},[44,59788,186],{"class":62},[44,59790,9127],{"class":452},[44,59792,186],{"class":62},[44,59794,3739],{"class":3674},[44,59796,186],{"class":62},[44,59798,3440],{"class":62},[44,59800,2807],{"class":452},[44,59802,186],{"class":62},[44,59804,2812],{"class":452},[44,59806,186],{"class":62},[44,59808,2282],{"class":452},[44,59810,52869],{"class":62},[20,59812,59813,59814,504],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[3563,59815,59816],{},"nested list",[20,59818,59819],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[30,59821,4344],{"id":4343},[20,59823,59824],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[600,59826,59828],{"id":59827},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,59830,59831],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[35,59833,59835],{"className":37,"code":59834,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,59836,59837,59841],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59838,59839],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59840,4361],{"class":3483},[44,59842,59843,59845,59847,59849,59851,59853,59855],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,59844,3435],{"class":50},[44,59846,55],{"class":54},[44,59848,3440],{"class":62},[44,59850,2807],{"class":452},[44,59852,2812],{"class":452},[44,59854,2282],{"class":452},[44,59856,3453],{"class":62},[20,59858,10631],{},[35,59860,59862],{"className":37,"code":59861,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,59863,59864],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59865,59866,59868,59870,59872,59874,59876,59878,59880,59882],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59867,3435],{"class":50},[44,59869,55],{"class":54},[44,59871,3440],{"class":62},[44,59873,2807],{"class":452},[44,59875,186],{"class":62},[44,59877,2812],{"class":452},[44,59879,186],{"class":62},[44,59881,2282],{"class":452},[44,59883,3453],{"class":62},[600,59885,8243,59887,10916,59889],{"id":59886},"using-instead-of",[15,59888,7196],{},[15,59890,3608],{},[20,59892,59893],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[35,59895,59897],{"className":37,"code":59896,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59898,59899,59920,59924],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59900,59901,59904,59906,59908,59910,59912,59914,59916,59918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59902,59903],{"class":50},"my_values ",[44,59905,55],{"class":54},[44,59907,9058],{"class":62},[44,59909,2807],{"class":452},[44,59911,186],{"class":62},[44,59913,2812],{"class":452},[44,59915,186],{"class":62},[44,59917,2282],{"class":452},[44,59919,76],{"class":62},[44,59921,59922],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,59923,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,59925,59926,59928,59930,59932,59934,59937],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,59927,82],{"class":58},[44,59929,63],{"class":62},[44,59931,427],{"class":426},[44,59933,63],{"class":62},[44,59935,59936],{"class":97},"my_values",[44,59938,434],{"class":62},[20,59940,59941],{},[3563,59942,1031],{},[35,59944,59946],{"className":37,"code":59945,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,59947,59948],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59949,59950,59952,59954,59956,59958,59960],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59951,463],{"class":54},[44,59953,467],{"class":466},[44,59955,470],{"class":66},[44,59957,48578],{"class":70},[44,59959,476],{"class":66},[44,59961,479],{"class":54},[20,59963,59964],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[35,59966,59968],{"className":37,"code":59967,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59969,59970,59990],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59971,59972,59974,59976,59978,59980,59982,59984,59986,59988],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59973,59903],{"class":50},[44,59975,55],{"class":54},[44,59977,3440],{"class":62},[44,59979,2807],{"class":452},[44,59981,186],{"class":62},[44,59983,2812],{"class":452},[44,59985,186],{"class":62},[44,59987,2282],{"class":452},[44,59989,3453],{"class":62},[44,59991,59992,59994,59996,59998,60000,60002],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,59993,82],{"class":58},[44,59995,63],{"class":62},[44,59997,427],{"class":426},[44,59999,63],{"class":62},[44,60001,59936],{"class":97},[44,60003,434],{"class":62},[600,60005,8279,60007,60010],{"id":60006},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60008,60009],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60012,60013,60015],{},[15,60014,24610],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[35,60017,60019],{"className":37,"code":60018,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60020,60021,60040],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60022,60023,60025,60027,60029,60031,60033,60036,60038],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60024,2059],{"class":50},[44,60026,55],{"class":54},[44,60028,22388],{"class":426},[44,60030,63],{"class":62},[44,60032,67],{"class":66},[44,60034,60035],{"class":70},"hello world",[44,60037,67],{"class":66},[44,60039,76],{"class":62},[44,60041,60042,60044,60046,60048],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,60043,82],{"class":58},[44,60045,63],{"class":62},[44,60047,2094],{"class":97},[44,60049,76],{"class":62},[20,60051,60052],{},[3563,60053,1031],{},[35,60055,60057],{"className":37,"code":60056,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60058,60059],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60060,60061,60063,60065,60068,60070,60072,60074,60077,60079,60081,60083,60086,60088,60090,60092,60094,60096,60098,60100,60103,60105,60107,60109,60111,60113,60115,60118,60120,60122,60124,60126,60128,60130,60132,60135,60137,60139,60141,60143,60145,60147,60149,60151,60153],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60062,3723],{"class":62},[44,60064,476],{"class":66},[44,60066,60067],{"class":70},"h",[44,60069,476],{"class":66},[44,60071,186],{"class":62},[44,60073,470],{"class":66},[44,60075,60076],{"class":70},"e",[44,60078,476],{"class":66},[44,60080,186],{"class":62},[44,60082,470],{"class":66},[44,60084,60085],{"class":70},"l",[44,60087,476],{"class":66},[44,60089,186],{"class":62},[44,60091,470],{"class":66},[44,60093,60085],{"class":70},[44,60095,476],{"class":66},[44,60097,186],{"class":62},[44,60099,470],{"class":66},[44,60101,60102],{"class":70},"o",[44,60104,476],{"class":66},[44,60106,186],{"class":62},[44,60108,470],{"class":66},[44,60110,470],{"class":66},[44,60112,186],{"class":62},[44,60114,470],{"class":66},[44,60116,60117],{"class":70},"w",[44,60119,476],{"class":66},[44,60121,186],{"class":62},[44,60123,470],{"class":66},[44,60125,60102],{"class":70},[44,60127,476],{"class":66},[44,60129,186],{"class":62},[44,60131,470],{"class":66},[44,60133,60134],{"class":70},"r",[44,60136,476],{"class":66},[44,60138,186],{"class":62},[44,60140,470],{"class":66},[44,60142,60085],{"class":70},[44,60144,476],{"class":66},[44,60146,186],{"class":62},[44,60148,470],{"class":66},[44,60150,18598],{"class":70},[44,60152,476],{"class":66},[44,60154,3453],{"class":62},[20,60156,60157,60158,60161],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60159,60160],{},"split()"," instead:",[35,60163,60165],{"className":37,"code":60164,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60166,60167,60185],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60168,60169,60171,60173,60175,60177,60179,60181,60183],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60170,3894],{"class":50},[44,60172,55],{"class":54},[44,60174,1438],{"class":66},[44,60176,60035],{"class":70},[44,60178,67],{"class":66},[44,60180,504],{"class":62},[44,60182,34295],{"class":97},[44,60184,345],{"class":62},[44,60186,60187,60189,60191,60193],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,60188,82],{"class":58},[44,60190,63],{"class":62},[44,60192,3938],{"class":97},[44,60194,76],{"class":62},[20,60196,60197],{},[3563,60198,1031],{},[35,60200,60202],{"className":37,"code":60201,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60203,60204],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60205,60206,60208,60210,60212,60214,60216,60218,60221,60223],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60207,3723],{"class":62},[44,60209,476],{"class":66},[44,60211,3667],{"class":70},[44,60213,476],{"class":66},[44,60215,186],{"class":62},[44,60217,470],{"class":66},[44,60219,60220],{"class":70},"world",[44,60222,476],{"class":66},[44,60224,3453],{"class":62},[600,60226,60228],{"id":60227},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60230,60231],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[35,60233,60235],{"className":37,"code":60234,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60236,60237,60241],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60238,60239],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60240,4361],{"class":3483},[44,60242,60243,60245,60247,60249,60251,60253,60255,60257,60259,60262,60264,60266,60268],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,60244,4822],{"class":50},[44,60246,55],{"class":54},[44,60248,3440],{"class":62},[44,60250,67],{"class":66},[44,60252,12705],{"class":70},[44,60254,67],{"class":66},[44,60256,186],{"class":62},[44,60258,1438],{"class":66},[44,60260,60261],{"class":70},"Ben', ",[44,60263,67],{"class":66},[44,60265,35775],{"class":50},[44,60267,67],{"class":66},[44,60269,3453],{"class":70},[20,60271,60272],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[35,60274,60276],{"className":37,"code":60275,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60277,60278],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60279,60280,60282,60284,60286,60288,60290,60292,60294,60296,60298,60300,60302,60304,60306,60308],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60281,4822],{"class":50},[44,60283,55],{"class":54},[44,60285,3440],{"class":62},[44,60287,67],{"class":66},[44,60289,12705],{"class":70},[44,60291,67],{"class":66},[44,60293,186],{"class":62},[44,60295,1438],{"class":66},[44,60297,35766],{"class":70},[44,60299,67],{"class":66},[44,60301,186],{"class":62},[44,60303,1438],{"class":66},[44,60305,35775],{"class":70},[44,60307,67],{"class":66},[44,60309,3453],{"class":62},[600,60311,60313],{"id":60312},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60315,60316],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[126,60318,60319,60322,60325,60330],{},[129,60320,60321],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[129,60323,60324],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[129,60326,60327,60328],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60329,24610],{},[129,60331,8279,60332,60335],{},[15,60333,60334],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[600,60337,60339],{"id":60338},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[35,60341,60343],{"className":37,"code":60342,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60344,60345,60355,60369,60383],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60346,60347,60349,60351,60353],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60348,82],{"class":58},[44,60350,63],{"class":62},[44,60352,8164],{"class":97},[44,60354,76],{"class":62},[44,60356,60357,60359,60361,60363,60365,60367],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,60358,82],{"class":58},[44,60360,63],{"class":62},[44,60362,427],{"class":426},[44,60364,63],{"class":62},[44,60366,8164],{"class":97},[44,60368,434],{"class":62},[44,60370,60371,60373,60375,60377,60379,60381],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,60372,82],{"class":58},[44,60374,63],{"class":62},[44,60376,10986],{"class":58},[44,60378,63],{"class":62},[44,60380,8164],{"class":97},[44,60382,434],{"class":62},[44,60384,60385,60387,60389,60391,60393,60395,60397,60399],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,60386,82],{"class":58},[44,60388,63],{"class":62},[44,60390,7921],{"class":426},[44,60392,63],{"class":62},[44,60394,59627],{"class":58},[44,60396,63],{"class":62},[44,60398,1129],{"class":452},[44,60400,2731],{"class":62},[20,60402,25838],{},[126,60404,60405,60408,60411,60414],{},[129,60406,60407],{},"what the list contains",[129,60409,60410],{},"whether the value is really a list",[129,60412,60413],{},"how many items it has",[129,60415,25849,60416,60418,60419],{},[15,60417,24610],{}," does with ",[15,60420,36023],{},[30,60422,60424],{"id":60423},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60426,60427],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60429,60430],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[126,60432,60433,60448,60453],{},[129,60434,103,60435,2018,60439,16901,60443,60447],{},[491,60436,60437],{"href":56396},[15,60438,52279],{},[491,60440,60441],{"href":52971},[15,60442,53073],{},[491,60444,60445],{"href":53535},[15,60446,53895],{}," to add items later",[129,60449,103,60450,60452],{},[491,60451,59024],{"href":50605}," for a broader introduction",[129,60454,103,60455,60459],{},[491,60456,60457,59687],{"href":59684},[15,60458,24610],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[30,60461,1651],{"id":1650},[600,60463,60465],{"id":60464},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60467,60468],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[35,60470,60471],{"className":37,"code":38123,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,60472,60473],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60474,60475],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60476,38123],{"class":62},[600,60478,60480],{"id":60479},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60482,60483],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[35,60485,60486],{"className":37,"code":54777,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,60487,60488],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60489,60490,60492,60494,60496,60498,60500,60502],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60491,3723],{"class":62},[44,60493,2807],{"class":452},[44,60495,186],{"class":62},[44,60497,2812],{"class":452},[44,60499,186],{"class":62},[44,60501,2282],{"class":452},[44,60503,3453],{"class":62},[600,60505,4970,60507,60509],{"id":60506},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60508,24610],{}," do in Python?",[20,60511,60512,60513,60515],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60514,36023],{},", into a list.",[600,60517,60519],{"id":60518},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60521,60522],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[600,60524,5007,60526,1126,60528,213],{"id":60525},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60527,3608],{},[15,60529,7196],{},[20,60531,60532,60534,60535,60537],{},[15,60533,3608],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60536,7196],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[30,60539,1719],{"id":1718},[126,60541,60542,60546,60552,60558,60564,60570,60574],{},[129,60543,60544],{},[491,60545,59024],{"href":50605},[129,60547,60548],{},[491,60549,55147,60550,11147],{"href":56396},[15,60551,52279],{},[129,60553,60554],{},[491,60555,55147,60556,11147],{"href":52971},[15,60557,53073],{},[129,60559,60560],{},[491,60561,55147,60562,11147],{"href":53535},[15,60563,53895],{},[129,60565,60566],{},[491,60567,13,60568,18],{"href":59684},[15,60569,24610],{},[129,60571,60572],{},[491,60573,59027],{"href":58122},[129,60575,60576],{},[491,60577,60578],{"href":11890},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60580,60581,60582,60584],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60583,52279],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1758,60586,60587],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":60589},[60590,60591,60592,60593,60596,60597,60603,60604,60614,60615,60624],{"id":3424,"depth":79,"text":3425},{"id":14989,"depth":79,"text":14990},{"id":58919,"depth":79,"text":58920},{"id":59030,"depth":79,"text":59031,"children":60594},[60595],{"id":59232,"depth":419,"text":59233},{"id":59248,"depth":79,"text":59249},{"id":59445,"depth":79,"text":60598,"children":60599},"Create a list with list()",[60600,60601,60602],{"id":59470,"depth":419,"text":59471},{"id":59543,"depth":419,"text":59544},{"id":59608,"depth":419,"text":59609},{"id":59690,"depth":79,"text":59691},{"id":4343,"depth":79,"text":4344,"children":60605},[60606,60607,60609,60611,60612,60613],{"id":59827,"depth":419,"text":59828},{"id":59886,"depth":419,"text":60608},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60006,"depth":419,"text":60610},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60227,"depth":419,"text":60228},{"id":60312,"depth":419,"text":60313},{"id":60338,"depth":419,"text":60339},{"id":60423,"depth":79,"text":60424},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":60616},[60617,60618,60619,60621,60622],{"id":60464,"depth":419,"text":60465},{"id":60479,"depth":419,"text":60480},{"id":60506,"depth":419,"text":60620},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60518,"depth":419,"text":60519},{"id":60525,"depth":419,"text":60623},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58661,"description":60625},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60632,"title":60633,"body":60634,"description":62375,"extension":1796,"meta":62376,"navigation":807,"path":62377,"seo":62378,"stem":62379,"__hash__":62380},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60635,"toc":62330},[60636,60641,60646,60649,60651,60722,60727,60732,60736,60750,60755,60757,60777,60782,60785,60808,60812,60817,60909,60911,60933,60939,60945,60952,60959,60965,61022,61028,61086,61088,61100,61108,61114,61119,61123,61180,61183,61187,61246,61249,61253,61311,61323,61327,61380,61383,61387,61393,61399,61461,61464,61525,61528,61584,61589,61591,61595,61602,61663,61668,61677,61733,61740,61744,61802,61811,61869,61873,61908,61912,61922,61925,61980,61994,61997,62112,62117,62121,62132,62134,62213,62223,62225,62230,62235,62242,62250,62256,62259,62265,62268,62274,62280,62282,62318,62327],[10,60637,53969,60639,11147],{"id":60638},"python-list-extend-method",[15,60640,53073],{},[20,60642,60643,60645],{},[15,60644,52974],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,60647,60648],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[30,60650,33],{"id":32},[35,60652,60654],{"className":37,"code":60653,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60655,60656,60672,60689,60693,60708,60718],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60657,60658,60660,60662,60664,60666,60668,60670],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60659,3435],{"class":50},[44,60661,55],{"class":54},[44,60663,3440],{"class":62},[44,60665,2807],{"class":452},[44,60667,186],{"class":62},[44,60669,2812],{"class":452},[44,60671,3453],{"class":62},[44,60673,60674,60677,60679,60681,60683,60685,60687],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,60675,60676],{"class":50},"more_numbers ",[44,60678,55],{"class":54},[44,60680,3440],{"class":62},[44,60682,1894],{"class":452},[44,60684,186],{"class":62},[44,60686,2287],{"class":452},[44,60688,3453],{"class":62},[44,60690,60691],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,60692,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,60694,60695,60697,60699,60701,60703,60706],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,60696,3467],{"class":50},[44,60698,504],{"class":62},[44,60700,53103],{"class":97},[44,60702,63],{"class":62},[44,60704,60705],{"class":97},"more_numbers",[44,60707,76],{"class":62},[44,60709,60710,60712,60714,60716],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,60711,82],{"class":58},[44,60713,63],{"class":62},[44,60715,3467],{"class":97},[44,60717,76],{"class":62},[44,60719,60720],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,60721,52350],{"class":3483},[20,60723,103,60724,60726],{},[15,60725,53073],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[30,60728,113,60730,116],{"id":60729},"what-listextend-does",[15,60731,52974],{},[20,60733,60734,449],{},[15,60735,53073],{},[126,60737,60738,60741,60743,60746],{},[129,60739,60740],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[129,60742,54055],{},[129,60744,60745],{},"Does not create a new list",[129,60747,11249,60748],{},[15,60749,3599],{},[20,60751,60752,60753,53428],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,60754,53073],{},[30,60756,250],{"id":249},[35,60758,60760],{"className":37,"code":60759,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,60761,60762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60763,60764,60767,60769,60771,60773,60775],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60765,60766],{"class":50},"list_name",[44,60768,504],{"class":62},[44,60770,53103],{"class":97},[44,60772,63],{"class":62},[44,60774,3540],{"class":97},[44,60776,76],{"class":62},[20,60778,5281,60779,60781],{},[3563,60780,3540],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,60783,60784],{},"Common iterables include:",[126,60786,60787,60791,60795,60799,60804],{},[129,60788,60789],{},[15,60790,7921],{},[129,60792,60793],{},[15,60794,48578],{},[129,60796,60797],{},[15,60798,6116],{},[129,60800,60801],{},[15,60802,60803],{},"string",[129,60805,60806],{},[15,60807,59627],{},[30,60809,60811],{"id":60810},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,60813,60814,60815,449],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,60816,53073],{},[35,60818,60820],{"className":37,"code":60819,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,60821,60822,60846,60871,60875,60890,60894,60904],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60823,60824,60826,60828,60830,60832,60834,60836,60838,60840,60842,60844],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60825,36064],{"class":50},[44,60827,55],{"class":54},[44,60829,3440],{"class":62},[44,60831,67],{"class":66},[44,60833,3903],{"class":70},[44,60835,67],{"class":66},[44,60837,186],{"class":62},[44,60839,1438],{"class":66},[44,60841,3912],{"class":70},[44,60843,67],{"class":66},[44,60845,3453],{"class":62},[44,60847,60848,60851,60853,60855,60857,60859,60861,60863,60865,60867,60869],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,60849,60850],{"class":50},"more_fruits ",[44,60852,55],{"class":54},[44,60854,3440],{"class":62},[44,60856,67],{"class":66},[44,60858,33046],{"class":70},[44,60860,67],{"class":66},[44,60862,186],{"class":62},[44,60864,1438],{"class":66},[44,60866,22361],{"class":70},[44,60868,67],{"class":66},[44,60870,3453],{"class":62},[44,60872,60873],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,60874,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,60876,60877,60879,60881,60883,60885,60888],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,60878,36116],{"class":50},[44,60880,504],{"class":62},[44,60882,53103],{"class":97},[44,60884,63],{"class":62},[44,60886,60887],{"class":97},"more_fruits",[44,60889,76],{"class":62},[44,60891,60892],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,60893,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,60895,60896,60898,60900,60902],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,60897,82],{"class":58},[44,60899,63],{"class":62},[44,60901,36116],{"class":97},[44,60903,76],{"class":62},[44,60905,60906],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,60907,60908],{"class":3483},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,60910,11509],{},[126,60912,60913,60918,60923],{},[129,60914,60915,60917],{},[15,60916,36116],{}," starts with two items",[129,60919,60920,60922],{},[15,60921,60887],{}," has two more items",[129,60924,60925,60927,60928,60930,60931],{},[15,60926,53073],{}," adds each item from ",[15,60929,60887],{}," to ",[15,60932,36116],{},[20,60934,60935,60936,60938],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,60937,36116],{}," contains all four items.",[20,60940,54194,60941,1126,60943,504],{},[491,60942,52398],{"href":50605},[491,60944,56782],{"href":56781},[30,60946,60948,10408,60950],{"id":60947},"extend-vs-append",[15,60949,53073],{},[15,60951,52279],{},[20,60953,60954,1126,60956,60958],{},[15,60955,53073],{},[15,60957,52279],{}," are often confused.",[600,60960,60962,60964],{"id":60961},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,60963,53073],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[35,60966,60968],{"className":37,"code":60967,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60969,60970,60986,61004,61008,61018],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60971,60972,60974,60976,60978,60980,60982,60984],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60973,3435],{"class":50},[44,60975,55],{"class":54},[44,60977,3440],{"class":62},[44,60979,2807],{"class":452},[44,60981,186],{"class":62},[44,60983,2812],{"class":452},[44,60985,3453],{"class":62},[44,60987,60988,60990,60992,60994,60996,60998,61000,61002],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,60989,3467],{"class":50},[44,60991,504],{"class":62},[44,60993,53103],{"class":97},[44,60995,2804],{"class":62},[44,60997,1894],{"class":452},[44,60999,186],{"class":62},[44,61001,2287],{"class":452},[44,61003,3711],{"class":62},[44,61005,61006],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,61007,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,61009,61010,61012,61014,61016],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,61011,82],{"class":58},[44,61013,63],{"class":62},[44,61015,3467],{"class":97},[44,61017,76],{"class":62},[44,61019,61020],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,61021,52350],{"class":3483},[600,61023,61025,61027],{"id":61024},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61026,52279],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[35,61029,61031],{"className":37,"code":61030,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61032,61033,61049,61067,61071,61081],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61034,61035,61037,61039,61041,61043,61045,61047],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61036,3435],{"class":50},[44,61038,55],{"class":54},[44,61040,3440],{"class":62},[44,61042,2807],{"class":452},[44,61044,186],{"class":62},[44,61046,2812],{"class":452},[44,61048,3453],{"class":62},[44,61050,61051,61053,61055,61057,61059,61061,61063,61065],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,61052,3467],{"class":50},[44,61054,504],{"class":62},[44,61056,13379],{"class":97},[44,61058,2804],{"class":62},[44,61060,1894],{"class":452},[44,61062,186],{"class":62},[44,61064,2287],{"class":452},[44,61066,3711],{"class":62},[44,61068,61069],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,61070,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,61072,61073,61075,61077,61079],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,61074,82],{"class":58},[44,61076,63],{"class":62},[44,61078,3467],{"class":97},[44,61080,76],{"class":62},[44,61082,61083],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,61084,61085],{"class":3483},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61087,18525],{},[126,61089,61090,61095],{},[129,61091,61092,61094],{},[15,61093,53073],{}," to combine values",[129,61096,61097,61099],{},[15,61098,52279],{}," to add one item",[20,61101,41909,61102,1126,61106,504],{},[491,61103,55147,61104,10564],{"href":56396},[15,61105,52279],{},[491,61107,52676],{"href":52675},[30,61109,8243,61111,61113],{"id":61110},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61112,53073],{}," with different iterables",[20,61115,61116,61118],{},[15,61117,53073],{}," works with more than just lists.",[600,61120,61122],{"id":61121},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[35,61124,61126],{"className":37,"code":61125,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61127,61128,61144,61162,61166,61176],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61129,61130,61132,61134,61136,61138,61140,61142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61131,3644],{"class":50},[44,61133,55],{"class":54},[44,61135,3440],{"class":62},[44,61137,2807],{"class":452},[44,61139,186],{"class":62},[44,61141,2812],{"class":452},[44,61143,3453],{"class":62},[44,61145,61146,61148,61150,61152,61154,61156,61158,61160],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,61147,5187],{"class":50},[44,61149,504],{"class":62},[44,61151,53103],{"class":97},[44,61153,5339],{"class":62},[44,61155,1894],{"class":452},[44,61157,186],{"class":62},[44,61159,2287],{"class":452},[44,61161,434],{"class":62},[44,61163,61164],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,61165,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,61167,61168,61170,61172,61174],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,61169,82],{"class":58},[44,61171,63],{"class":62},[44,61173,5187],{"class":97},[44,61175,76],{"class":62},[44,61177,61178],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,61179,52350],{"class":3483},[20,61181,61182],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[600,61184,61186],{"id":61185},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[35,61188,61190],{"className":37,"code":61189,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61191,61192,61208,61227,61231,61241],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61193,61194,61196,61198,61200,61202,61204,61206],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61195,35915],{"class":50},[44,61197,55],{"class":54},[44,61199,3440],{"class":62},[44,61201,67],{"class":66},[44,61203,491],{"class":70},[44,61205,67],{"class":66},[44,61207,3453],{"class":62},[44,61209,61210,61212,61214,61216,61218,61220,61223,61225],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,61211,35968],{"class":50},[44,61213,504],{"class":62},[44,61215,53103],{"class":97},[44,61217,63],{"class":62},[44,61219,67],{"class":66},[44,61221,61222],{"class":70},"bc",[44,61224,67],{"class":66},[44,61226,76],{"class":62},[44,61228,61229],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,61230,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,61232,61233,61235,61237,61239],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,61234,82],{"class":58},[44,61236,63],{"class":62},[44,61238,35968],{"class":97},[44,61240,76],{"class":62},[44,61242,61243],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,61244,61245],{"class":3483},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61247,61248],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[600,61250,61252],{"id":61251},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[35,61254,61256],{"className":37,"code":61255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61257,61258,61270,61292,61296,61306],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61259,61260,61262,61264,61266,61268],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61261,3435],{"class":50},[44,61263,55],{"class":54},[44,61265,3440],{"class":62},[44,61267,1951],{"class":452},[44,61269,3453],{"class":62},[44,61271,61272,61274,61276,61278,61280,61282,61284,61286,61288,61290],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,61273,3467],{"class":50},[44,61275,504],{"class":62},[44,61277,53103],{"class":97},[44,61279,63],{"class":62},[44,61281,59627],{"class":58},[44,61283,63],{"class":62},[44,61285,2807],{"class":452},[44,61287,186],{"class":62},[44,61289,2287],{"class":452},[44,61291,434],{"class":62},[44,61293,61294],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,61295,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,61297,61298,61300,61302,61304],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,61299,82],{"class":58},[44,61301,63],{"class":62},[44,61303,3467],{"class":97},[44,61305,76],{"class":62},[44,61307,61308],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,61309,61310],{"class":3483},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61312,61313,61316,61317,2018,61319,16901,61321,504],{},[15,61314,61315],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61318,2807],{},[15,61320,1889],{},[15,61322,1894],{},[600,61324,61326],{"id":61325},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[35,61328,61330],{"className":37,"code":61329,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61331,61332,61348,61366,61370],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61333,61334,61336,61338,61340,61342,61344,61346],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61335,7609],{"class":50},[44,61337,55],{"class":54},[44,61339,3440],{"class":62},[44,61341,2807],{"class":452},[44,61343,186],{"class":62},[44,61345,2812],{"class":452},[44,61347,3453],{"class":62},[44,61349,61350,61352,61354,61356,61358,61360,61362,61364],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,61351,7640],{"class":50},[44,61353,504],{"class":62},[44,61355,53103],{"class":97},[44,61357,5358],{"class":62},[44,61359,1894],{"class":452},[44,61361,186],{"class":62},[44,61363,2287],{"class":452},[44,61365,30323],{"class":62},[44,61367,61368],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,61369,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,61371,61372,61374,61376,61378],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,61373,82],{"class":58},[44,61375,63],{"class":62},[44,61377,7640],{"class":97},[44,61379,76],{"class":62},[20,61381,61382],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[30,61384,61386],{"id":61385},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61388,61389,2228,61391,504],{},[15,61390,53073],{},[15,61392,3599],{},[20,61394,61395,61396,449],{},"That means this is ",[3563,61397,61398],{},"wrong",[35,61400,61402],{"className":37,"code":61401,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61403,61404,61420,61442,61446,61456],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61405,61406,61408,61410,61412,61414,61416,61418],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61407,3435],{"class":50},[44,61409,55],{"class":54},[44,61411,3440],{"class":62},[44,61413,2807],{"class":452},[44,61415,186],{"class":62},[44,61417,2812],{"class":452},[44,61419,3453],{"class":62},[44,61421,61422,61424,61426,61428,61430,61432,61434,61436,61438,61440],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,61423,2059],{"class":50},[44,61425,55],{"class":54},[44,61427,4088],{"class":50},[44,61429,504],{"class":62},[44,61431,53103],{"class":97},[44,61433,2804],{"class":62},[44,61435,1894],{"class":452},[44,61437,186],{"class":62},[44,61439,2287],{"class":452},[44,61441,3711],{"class":62},[44,61443,61444],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,61445,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,61447,61448,61450,61452,61454],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,61449,82],{"class":58},[44,61451,63],{"class":62},[44,61453,2094],{"class":97},[44,61455,76],{"class":62},[44,61457,61458],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,61459,61460],{"class":3483},"# None\n",[20,61462,61463],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[35,61465,61467],{"className":37,"code":61466,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61468,61469,61485,61507,61511,61521],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61470,61471,61473,61475,61477,61479,61481,61483],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61472,3435],{"class":50},[44,61474,55],{"class":54},[44,61476,3440],{"class":62},[44,61478,2807],{"class":452},[44,61480,186],{"class":62},[44,61482,2812],{"class":452},[44,61484,3453],{"class":62},[44,61486,61487,61489,61491,61493,61495,61497,61499,61501,61503,61505],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,61488,3435],{"class":50},[44,61490,55],{"class":54},[44,61492,4088],{"class":50},[44,61494,504],{"class":62},[44,61496,53103],{"class":97},[44,61498,2804],{"class":62},[44,61500,1894],{"class":452},[44,61502,186],{"class":62},[44,61504,2287],{"class":452},[44,61506,3711],{"class":62},[44,61508,61509],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,61510,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,61512,61513,61515,61517,61519],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,61514,82],{"class":58},[44,61516,63],{"class":62},[44,61518,3467],{"class":97},[44,61520,76],{"class":62},[44,61522,61523],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,61524,61460],{"class":3483},[20,61526,61527],{},"The correct way is:",[35,61529,61530],{"className":37,"code":60967,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,61531,61532,61548,61566,61570,61580],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61533,61534,61536,61538,61540,61542,61544,61546],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61535,3435],{"class":50},[44,61537,55],{"class":54},[44,61539,3440],{"class":62},[44,61541,2807],{"class":452},[44,61543,186],{"class":62},[44,61545,2812],{"class":452},[44,61547,3453],{"class":62},[44,61549,61550,61552,61554,61556,61558,61560,61562,61564],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,61551,3467],{"class":50},[44,61553,504],{"class":62},[44,61555,53103],{"class":97},[44,61557,2804],{"class":62},[44,61559,1894],{"class":452},[44,61561,186],{"class":62},[44,61563,2287],{"class":452},[44,61565,3711],{"class":62},[44,61567,61568],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,61569,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,61571,61572,61574,61576,61578],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,61573,82],{"class":58},[44,61575,63],{"class":62},[44,61577,3467],{"class":97},[44,61579,76],{"class":62},[44,61581,61582],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,61583,52350],{"class":3483},[20,61585,55536,61586,61588],{},[15,61587,53073],{}," first, then use the original list.",[30,61590,4344],{"id":4343},[20,61592,14560,61593,504],{},[15,61594,53073],{},[600,61596,61598,61599,61601],{"id":61597},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61600,53073],{}," to return a new list",[35,61603,61605],{"className":37,"code":61604,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61606,61607,61623,61645,61649,61659],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61608,61609,61611,61613,61615,61617,61619,61621],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61610,3435],{"class":50},[44,61612,55],{"class":54},[44,61614,3440],{"class":62},[44,61616,2807],{"class":452},[44,61618,186],{"class":62},[44,61620,2812],{"class":452},[44,61622,3453],{"class":62},[44,61624,61625,61627,61629,61631,61633,61635,61637,61639,61641,61643],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,61626,55269],{"class":50},[44,61628,55],{"class":54},[44,61630,4088],{"class":50},[44,61632,504],{"class":62},[44,61634,53103],{"class":97},[44,61636,2804],{"class":62},[44,61638,1894],{"class":452},[44,61640,186],{"class":62},[44,61642,2287],{"class":452},[44,61644,3711],{"class":62},[44,61646,61647],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,61648,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,61650,61651,61653,61655,61657],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,61652,82],{"class":58},[44,61654,63],{"class":62},[44,61656,55288],{"class":97},[44,61658,76],{"class":62},[44,61660,61661],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,61662,61460],{"class":3483},[20,61664,61665,61666,504],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,61667,53073],{},[600,61669,61671,61672,44444,61674,61676],{"id":61670},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,61673,52279],{},[15,61675,53073],{}," is needed",[35,61678,61679],{"className":37,"code":61030,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,61680,61681,61697,61715,61719,61729],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61682,61683,61685,61687,61689,61691,61693,61695],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61684,3435],{"class":50},[44,61686,55],{"class":54},[44,61688,3440],{"class":62},[44,61690,2807],{"class":452},[44,61692,186],{"class":62},[44,61694,2812],{"class":452},[44,61696,3453],{"class":62},[44,61698,61699,61701,61703,61705,61707,61709,61711,61713],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,61700,3467],{"class":50},[44,61702,504],{"class":62},[44,61704,13379],{"class":97},[44,61706,2804],{"class":62},[44,61708,1894],{"class":452},[44,61710,186],{"class":62},[44,61712,2287],{"class":452},[44,61714,3711],{"class":62},[44,61716,61717],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,61718,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,61720,61721,61723,61725,61727],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,61722,82],{"class":58},[44,61724,63],{"class":62},[44,61726,3467],{"class":97},[44,61728,76],{"class":62},[44,61730,61731],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,61732,61085],{"class":3483},[20,61734,61735,61736,53518,61738,6461],{},"If you wanted ",[15,61737,53517],{},[15,61739,53073],{},[600,61741,61743],{"id":61742},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[35,61745,61747],{"className":37,"code":61746,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,61748,61749,61765,61783,61787,61797],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61750,61751,61753,61755,61757,61759,61761,61763],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61752,3894],{"class":50},[44,61754,55],{"class":54},[44,61756,3440],{"class":62},[44,61758,67],{"class":66},[44,61760,3667],{"class":70},[44,61762,67],{"class":66},[44,61764,3453],{"class":62},[44,61766,61767,61769,61771,61773,61775,61777,61779,61781],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,61768,3938],{"class":50},[44,61770,504],{"class":62},[44,61772,53103],{"class":97},[44,61774,63],{"class":62},[44,61776,67],{"class":66},[44,61778,60220],{"class":70},[44,61780,67],{"class":66},[44,61782,76],{"class":62},[44,61784,61785],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,61786,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,61788,61789,61791,61793,61795],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,61790,82],{"class":58},[44,61792,63],{"class":62},[44,61794,3938],{"class":97},[44,61796,76],{"class":62},[44,61798,61799],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,61800,61801],{"class":3483},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,61803,61804,61805,61808,61809,449],{},"If you want ",[15,61806,61807],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,61810,52279],{},[35,61812,61814],{"className":37,"code":61813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,61815,61816,61832,61850,61854,61864],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61817,61818,61820,61822,61824,61826,61828,61830],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61819,3894],{"class":50},[44,61821,55],{"class":54},[44,61823,3440],{"class":62},[44,61825,67],{"class":66},[44,61827,3667],{"class":70},[44,61829,67],{"class":66},[44,61831,3453],{"class":62},[44,61833,61834,61836,61838,61840,61842,61844,61846,61848],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,61835,3938],{"class":50},[44,61837,504],{"class":62},[44,61839,13379],{"class":97},[44,61841,63],{"class":62},[44,61843,67],{"class":66},[44,61845,60220],{"class":70},[44,61847,67],{"class":66},[44,61849,76],{"class":62},[44,61851,61852],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,61853,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,61855,61856,61858,61860,61862],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,61857,82],{"class":58},[44,61859,63],{"class":62},[44,61861,3938],{"class":97},[44,61863,76],{"class":62},[44,61865,61866],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,61867,61868],{"class":3483},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[600,61870,61872],{"id":61871},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[35,61874,61876],{"className":37,"code":61875,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,61877,61878,61894],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61879,61880,61882,61884,61886,61888,61890,61892],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61881,3435],{"class":50},[44,61883,55],{"class":54},[44,61885,3440],{"class":62},[44,61887,2807],{"class":452},[44,61889,186],{"class":62},[44,61891,2812],{"class":452},[44,61893,3453],{"class":62},[44,61895,61896,61898,61900,61902,61904,61906],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,61897,3467],{"class":50},[44,61899,504],{"class":62},[44,61901,53103],{"class":97},[44,61903,63],{"class":62},[44,61905,1129],{"class":452},[44,61907,76],{"class":62},[20,61909,39479,61910,6381],{},[15,61911,1129],{},[20,61913,61914,61915,61917,61918,61921],{},"You will get a ",[15,61916,2825],{},". See ",[491,61919,61920],{"href":52226},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,61923,61924],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[35,61926,61928],{"className":37,"code":61927,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,61929,61930,61940,61954,61966],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61931,61932,61934,61936,61938],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61933,82],{"class":58},[44,61935,63],{"class":62},[44,61937,8164],{"class":97},[44,61939,76],{"class":62},[44,61941,61942,61944,61946,61948,61950,61952],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,61943,82],{"class":58},[44,61945,63],{"class":62},[44,61947,427],{"class":426},[44,61949,63],{"class":62},[44,61951,5187],{"class":97},[44,61953,434],{"class":62},[44,61955,61956,61958,61960,61962,61964],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,61957,82],{"class":58},[44,61959,63],{"class":62},[44,61961,2094],{"class":97},[44,61963,3480],{"class":62},[44,61965,76],{"class":50},[44,61967,61968,61970,61972,61974,61976,61978],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,61969,31978],{"class":58},[44,61971,63],{"class":62},[44,61973,7921],{"class":426},[44,61975,504],{"class":62},[44,61977,53103],{"class":24579},[44,61979,76],{"class":62},[43394,61981,61982],{},[20,61983,61984,61985,61988,61989,61991,61992,504],{},"Note: ",[15,61986,61987],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,61990,3480],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,61993,32852],{},[20,61995,61996],{},"Correct debugging example:",[35,61998,62000],{"className":37,"code":61999,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62001,62002,62018,62034,62038,62052,62056,62064,62074,62088,62098],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62003,62004,62006,62008,62010,62012,62014,62016],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62005,8133],{"class":50},[44,62007,55],{"class":54},[44,62009,3440],{"class":62},[44,62011,2807],{"class":452},[44,62013,186],{"class":62},[44,62015,2812],{"class":452},[44,62017,3453],{"class":62},[44,62019,62020,62022,62024,62026,62028,62030,62032],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,62021,3644],{"class":50},[44,62023,55],{"class":54},[44,62025,3440],{"class":62},[44,62027,1894],{"class":452},[44,62029,186],{"class":62},[44,62031,2287],{"class":452},[44,62033,3453],{"class":62},[44,62035,62036],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,62037,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,62039,62040,62042,62044,62046,62048,62050],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,62041,8164],{"class":50},[44,62043,504],{"class":62},[44,62045,53103],{"class":97},[44,62047,63],{"class":62},[44,62049,5187],{"class":97},[44,62051,76],{"class":62},[44,62053,62054],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,62055,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,62057,62058,62060,62062],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,62059,2059],{"class":50},[44,62061,55],{"class":54},[44,62063,48152],{"class":3674},[44,62065,62066,62068,62070,62072],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,62067,82],{"class":58},[44,62069,63],{"class":62},[44,62071,8164],{"class":97},[44,62073,76],{"class":62},[44,62075,62076,62078,62080,62082,62084,62086],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,62077,82],{"class":58},[44,62079,63],{"class":62},[44,62081,427],{"class":426},[44,62083,63],{"class":62},[44,62085,5187],{"class":97},[44,62087,434],{"class":62},[44,62089,62090,62092,62094,62096],{"class":46,"line":6261},[44,62091,82],{"class":58},[44,62093,63],{"class":62},[44,62095,2094],{"class":97},[44,62097,76],{"class":62},[44,62099,62100,62102,62104,62106,62108,62110],{"class":46,"line":6266},[44,62101,31978],{"class":58},[44,62103,63],{"class":62},[44,62105,7921],{"class":426},[44,62107,504],{"class":62},[44,62109,53103],{"class":24579},[44,62111,76],{"class":62},[30,62113,4788,62115],{"id":62114},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62116,53073],{},[20,62118,103,62119,6147],{},[15,62120,53073],{},[126,62122,62123,62126,62129],{},[129,62124,62125],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[129,62127,62128],{},"Add multiple values at once",[129,62130,62131],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62133,5301],{},[35,62135,62137],{"className":37,"code":62136,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62138,62139,62156,62174,62178,62194,62198,62208],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62140,62141,62144,62146,62148,62150,62152,62154],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62142,62143],{"class":50},"all_scores ",[44,62145,55],{"class":54},[44,62147,3440],{"class":62},[44,62149,13328],{"class":452},[44,62151,186],{"class":62},[44,62153,13333],{"class":452},[44,62155,3453],{"class":62},[44,62157,62158,62161,62163,62165,62167,62169,62172],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,62159,62160],{"class":50},"new_scores ",[44,62162,55],{"class":54},[44,62164,3440],{"class":62},[44,62166,51131],{"class":452},[44,62168,186],{"class":62},[44,62170,62171],{"class":452}," 92",[44,62173,3453],{"class":62},[44,62175,62176],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,62177,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,62179,62180,62183,62185,62187,62189,62192],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,62181,62182],{"class":50},"all_scores",[44,62184,504],{"class":62},[44,62186,53103],{"class":97},[44,62188,63],{"class":62},[44,62190,62191],{"class":97},"new_scores",[44,62193,76],{"class":62},[44,62195,62196],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,62197,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,62199,62200,62202,62204,62206],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,62201,82],{"class":58},[44,62203,63],{"class":62},[44,62205,62182],{"class":97},[44,62207,76],{"class":62},[44,62209,62210],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,62211,62212],{"class":3483},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62214,62215,62216,62218,62219,504],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62217,52279],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[491,62220,55147,62221,10564],{"href":53535},[15,62222,53895],{},[30,62224,1651],{"id":1650},[600,62226,1655,62228,55096],{"id":62227},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62229,52974],{},[20,62231,62232,62233,504],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62234,3599],{},[600,62236,5007,62238,1126,62240,213],{"id":62237},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62239,53073],{},[15,62241,52279],{},[20,62243,62244,62246,62247,62249],{},[15,62245,53073],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62248,52279],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[600,62251,28159,62253,62255],{"id":62252},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62254,53073],{}," with a string?",[20,62257,62258],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[600,62260,28159,62262,62264],{"id":62261},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62263,53073],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62266,62267],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[600,62269,62271,62272,213],{"id":62270},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62273,53073],{},[20,62275,62276,62277,62279],{},"You get a ",[15,62278,2825],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[30,62281,1719],{"id":1718},[126,62283,62284,62290,62294,62298,62302,62308,62312],{},[129,62285,62286],{},[491,62287,55147,62288,10564],{"href":56396},[15,62289,52279],{},[129,62291,62292],{},[491,62293,53905],{"href":52675},[129,62295,62296],{},[491,62297,56856],{"href":56781},[129,62299,62300],{},[491,62301,52398],{"href":50605},[129,62303,62304],{},[491,62305,55147,62306,10564],{"href":53535},[15,62307,53895],{},[129,62309,62310],{},[491,62311,61920],{"href":52226},[129,62313,62314],{},[491,62315,55147,62316,10564],{"href":54587},[15,62317,12601],{},[20,62319,62320,62321,62323,62324,62326],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62322,52279],{},", when to use ",[15,62325,53895],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1758,62328,62329],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":62331},[62332,62333,62335,62336,62337,62344,62351,62352,62360,62362,62374],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":60729,"depth":79,"text":62334},"What list.extend() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":60810,"depth":79,"text":60811},{"id":60947,"depth":79,"text":62338,"children":62339},"extend() vs append()",[62340,62342],{"id":60961,"depth":419,"text":62341},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61024,"depth":419,"text":62343},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61110,"depth":79,"text":62345,"children":62346},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62347,62348,62349,62350],{"id":61121,"depth":419,"text":61122},{"id":61185,"depth":419,"text":61186},{"id":61251,"depth":419,"text":61252},{"id":61325,"depth":419,"text":61326},{"id":61385,"depth":79,"text":61386},{"id":4343,"depth":79,"text":4344,"children":62353},[62354,62356,62358,62359],{"id":61597,"depth":419,"text":62355},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61670,"depth":419,"text":62357},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61742,"depth":419,"text":61743},{"id":61871,"depth":419,"text":61872},{"id":62114,"depth":79,"text":62361},"When to use extend()",{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":62363},[62364,62366,62368,62370,62372],{"id":62227,"depth":419,"text":62365},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62237,"depth":419,"text":62367},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62252,"depth":419,"text":62369},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62261,"depth":419,"text":62371},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62270,"depth":419,"text":62373},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60633,"description":62375},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62382,"title":62383,"body":62384,"description":64475,"extension":1796,"meta":64476,"navigation":807,"path":64477,"seo":64478,"stem":64479,"__hash__":64480},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62385,"toc":64438},[62386,62389,62394,62400,62411,62417,62419,62488,62490,62539,62547,62551,62556,62559,62570,62575,62577,62579,62600,62613,62616,62629,62631,62636,62661,62663,62671,62674,62743,62745,62769,62775,62779,62783,62819,62821,62841,62848,62852,62885,62887,62921,62926,62930,62963,62965,62993,63001,63005,63042,63044,63065,63068,63072,63141,63143,63167,63173,63180,63184,63187,63189,63203,63206,63230,63232,63257,63260,63279,63281,63307,63316,63320,63327,63404,63406,63447,63453,63459,63550,63552,63608,63611,63616,63620,63625,63629,63688,63690,63715,63719,63782,63784,63809,63813,63876,63878,63921,63924,63928,63932,63954,63958,64040,64042,64077,64085,64087,64091,64095,64097,64124,64129,64131,64158,64165,64168,64191,64193,64242,64245,64248,64267,64271,64274,64325,64328,64334,64338,64343,64346,64348,64354,64363,64367,64373,64377,64380,64384,64387,64391,64397,64399,64435],[10,62387,62383],{"id":62388},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62390,8945,62391,62393],{},[15,62392,24610],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62395,62396,62397,62399],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62398,24610],{}," for two main reasons:",[126,62401,62402,62405],{},[129,62403,62404],{},"to make an empty list",[129,62406,62407,62408,62410],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62409,59627],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62412,62413,62414,62416],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62415,24610],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[30,62418,33],{"id":32},[35,62420,62422],{"className":37,"code":62421,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62423,62424,62446,62464,62468,62478],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62425,62426,62428,62430,62432,62434,62436,62438,62440,62442,62444],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62427,3435],{"class":50},[44,62429,55],{"class":54},[44,62431,22388],{"class":426},[44,62433,5339],{"class":62},[44,62435,2807],{"class":452},[44,62437,186],{"class":62},[44,62439,2812],{"class":452},[44,62441,186],{"class":62},[44,62443,2282],{"class":452},[44,62445,434],{"class":62},[44,62447,62448,62450,62452,62454,62456,62458,62460,62462],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,62449,35915],{"class":50},[44,62451,55],{"class":54},[44,62453,22388],{"class":426},[44,62455,63],{"class":62},[44,62457,67],{"class":66},[44,62459,41382],{"class":70},[44,62461,67],{"class":66},[44,62463,76],{"class":62},[44,62465,62466],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,62467,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,62469,62470,62472,62474,62476],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,62471,82],{"class":58},[44,62473,63],{"class":62},[44,62475,3467],{"class":97},[44,62477,76],{"class":62},[44,62479,62480,62482,62484,62486],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,62481,82],{"class":58},[44,62483,63],{"class":62},[44,62485,35968],{"class":97},[44,62487,76],{"class":62},[20,62489,1031],{},[35,62491,62493],{"className":37,"code":62492,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62494,62495,62511],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62496,62497,62499,62501,62503,62505,62507,62509],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62498,3723],{"class":62},[44,62500,2807],{"class":452},[44,62502,186],{"class":62},[44,62504,2812],{"class":452},[44,62506,186],{"class":62},[44,62508,2282],{"class":452},[44,62510,3453],{"class":62},[44,62512,62513,62515,62517,62519,62521,62523,62525,62527,62529,62531,62533,62535,62537],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,62514,3723],{"class":62},[44,62516,476],{"class":66},[44,62518,491],{"class":70},[44,62520,476],{"class":66},[44,62522,186],{"class":62},[44,62524,470],{"class":66},[44,62526,4587],{"class":70},[44,62528,476],{"class":66},[44,62530,186],{"class":62},[44,62532,470],{"class":66},[44,62534,9561],{"class":70},[44,62536,476],{"class":66},[44,62538,3453],{"class":62},[20,62540,103,62541,62543,62544,62546],{},[15,62542,24610],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62545,59627],{},", set, or dictionary.",[30,62548,62550],{"id":62549},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62552,62553,62555],{},[15,62554,24610],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62557,62558],{},"It can:",[126,62560,62561,62564,62567],{},[129,62562,62563],{},"create a new list object",[129,62565,62566],{},"make an empty list",[129,62568,62569],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62571,62572,62573,504],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[491,62574,52398],{"href":50605},[30,62576,250],{"id":249},[20,62578,26317],{},[35,62580,62582],{"className":37,"code":62581,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62583,62584,62590],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62585,62586,62588],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62587,7921],{"class":426},[44,62589,345],{"class":62},[44,62591,62592,62594,62596,62598],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,62593,7921],{"class":426},[44,62595,63],{"class":62},[44,62597,3540],{"class":97},[44,62599,76],{"class":62},[126,62601,62602,62607],{},[129,62603,62604,62606],{},[15,62605,24610],{}," makes an empty list",[129,62608,62609,62612],{},[15,62610,62611],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,62614,62615],{},"Common iterable values include:",[126,62617,62618,62620,62622,62624,62627],{},[129,62619,5137],{},[129,62621,5131],{},[129,62623,5134],{},[129,62625,62626],{},"ranges",[129,62628,7081],{},[30,62630,59249],{"id":59248},[20,62632,103,62633,62635],{},[15,62634,24610],{}," with no arguments:",[35,62637,62639],{"className":37,"code":62638,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,62640,62641,62651],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62642,62643,62645,62647,62649],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62644,7609],{"class":50},[44,62646,55],{"class":54},[44,62648,22388],{"class":426},[44,62650,345],{"class":62},[44,62652,62653,62655,62657,62659],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,62654,82],{"class":58},[44,62656,63],{"class":62},[44,62658,7640],{"class":97},[44,62660,76],{"class":62},[20,62662,1031],{},[35,62664,62665],{"className":37,"code":38123,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62666,62667],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62668,62669],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62670,38123],{"class":62},[20,62672,62673],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[35,62675,62677],{"className":37,"code":62676,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62678,62679,62689,62693,62711,62729,62733],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62680,62681,62683,62685,62687],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62682,7609],{"class":50},[44,62684,55],{"class":54},[44,62686,22388],{"class":426},[44,62688,345],{"class":62},[44,62690,62691],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,62692,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,62694,62695,62697,62699,62701,62703,62705,62707,62709],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,62696,7640],{"class":50},[44,62698,504],{"class":62},[44,62700,13379],{"class":97},[44,62702,63],{"class":62},[44,62704,67],{"class":66},[44,62706,3903],{"class":70},[44,62708,67],{"class":66},[44,62710,76],{"class":62},[44,62712,62713,62715,62717,62719,62721,62723,62725,62727],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,62714,7640],{"class":50},[44,62716,504],{"class":62},[44,62718,13379],{"class":97},[44,62720,63],{"class":62},[44,62722,67],{"class":66},[44,62724,3912],{"class":70},[44,62726,67],{"class":66},[44,62728,76],{"class":62},[44,62730,62731],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,62732,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,62734,62735,62737,62739,62741],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,62736,82],{"class":58},[44,62738,63],{"class":62},[44,62740,7640],{"class":97},[44,62742,76],{"class":62},[20,62744,1031],{},[35,62746,62747],{"className":37,"code":38249,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62748,62749],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62750,62751,62753,62755,62757,62759,62761,62763,62765,62767],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62752,3723],{"class":62},[44,62754,476],{"class":66},[44,62756,3903],{"class":70},[44,62758,476],{"class":66},[44,62760,186],{"class":62},[44,62762,470],{"class":66},[44,62764,3912],{"class":70},[44,62766,476],{"class":66},[44,62768,3453],{"class":62},[20,62770,62771,62772,62774],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,62773,3608],{},". Both are valid.",[30,62776,62778],{"id":62777},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[600,62780,62782],{"id":62781},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[35,62784,62785],{"className":37,"code":59547,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62786,62787,62809],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62788,62789,62791,62793,62795,62797,62799,62801,62803,62805,62807],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62790,3435],{"class":50},[44,62792,55],{"class":54},[44,62794,22388],{"class":426},[44,62796,5339],{"class":62},[44,62798,2807],{"class":452},[44,62800,186],{"class":62},[44,62802,2812],{"class":452},[44,62804,186],{"class":62},[44,62806,2282],{"class":452},[44,62808,434],{"class":62},[44,62810,62811,62813,62815,62817],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,62812,82],{"class":58},[44,62814,63],{"class":62},[44,62816,3467],{"class":97},[44,62818,76],{"class":62},[20,62820,1031],{},[35,62822,62823],{"className":37,"code":54777,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62824,62825],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62826,62827,62829,62831,62833,62835,62837,62839],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62828,3723],{"class":62},[44,62830,2807],{"class":452},[44,62832,186],{"class":62},[44,62834,2812],{"class":452},[44,62836,186],{"class":62},[44,62838,2282],{"class":452},[44,62840,3453],{"class":62},[20,62842,62843,62844,504],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[491,62845,62847],{"href":62846},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[600,62849,62851],{"id":62850},"string-to-list","String to list",[35,62853,62855],{"className":37,"code":62854,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62856,62857,62875],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62858,62859,62861,62863,62865,62867,62869,62871,62873],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62860,35915],{"class":50},[44,62862,55],{"class":54},[44,62864,22388],{"class":426},[44,62866,63],{"class":62},[44,62868,67],{"class":66},[44,62870,36873],{"class":70},[44,62872,67],{"class":66},[44,62874,76],{"class":62},[44,62876,62877,62879,62881,62883],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,62878,82],{"class":58},[44,62880,63],{"class":62},[44,62882,35968],{"class":97},[44,62884,76],{"class":62},[20,62886,1031],{},[35,62888,62890],{"className":37,"code":62889,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,62891,62892],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62893,62894,62896,62898,62900,62902,62904,62906,62908,62910,62912,62914,62917,62919],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62895,3723],{"class":62},[44,62897,476],{"class":66},[44,62899,9561],{"class":70},[44,62901,476],{"class":66},[44,62903,186],{"class":62},[44,62905,470],{"class":66},[44,62907,491],{"class":70},[44,62909,476],{"class":66},[44,62911,186],{"class":62},[44,62913,470],{"class":66},[44,62915,62916],{"class":70},"t",[44,62918,476],{"class":66},[44,62920,3453],{"class":62},[20,62922,62923,62925],{},[15,62924,24610],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[600,62927,62929],{"id":62928},"range-to-list","Range to list",[35,62931,62933],{"className":37,"code":62932,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,62934,62935,62953],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62936,62937,62939,62941,62943,62945,62947,62949,62951],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62938,3435],{"class":50},[44,62940,55],{"class":54},[44,62942,22388],{"class":426},[44,62944,63],{"class":62},[44,62946,59627],{"class":58},[44,62948,63],{"class":62},[44,62950,1129],{"class":452},[44,62952,434],{"class":62},[44,62954,62955,62957,62959,62961],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,62956,82],{"class":58},[44,62958,63],{"class":62},[44,62960,3467],{"class":97},[44,62962,76],{"class":62},[20,62964,1031],{},[35,62966,62967],{"className":37,"code":59650,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62968,62969],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62970,62971,62973,62975,62977,62979,62981,62983,62985,62987,62989,62991],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62972,3723],{"class":62},[44,62974,1951],{"class":452},[44,62976,186],{"class":62},[44,62978,711],{"class":452},[44,62980,186],{"class":62},[44,62982,2812],{"class":452},[44,62984,186],{"class":62},[44,62986,2282],{"class":452},[44,62988,186],{"class":62},[44,62990,2287],{"class":452},[44,62992,3453],{"class":62},[20,62994,62995,62996,63000],{},"This is common when working with ",[491,62997,62998],{"href":36020},[15,62999,36023],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[600,63002,63004],{"id":63003},"set-to-list","Set to list",[35,63006,63008],{"className":37,"code":63007,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63009,63010,63032],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63011,63012,63014,63016,63018,63020,63022,63024,63026,63028,63030],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63013,3644],{"class":50},[44,63015,55],{"class":54},[44,63017,22388],{"class":426},[44,63019,5358],{"class":62},[44,63021,2161],{"class":452},[44,63023,186],{"class":62},[44,63025,7620],{"class":452},[44,63027,186],{"class":62},[44,63029,7625],{"class":452},[44,63031,30323],{"class":62},[44,63033,63034,63036,63038,63040],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,63035,82],{"class":58},[44,63037,63],{"class":62},[44,63039,5187],{"class":97},[44,63041,76],{"class":62},[20,63043,16787],{},[35,63045,63047],{"className":37,"code":63046,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63048,63049],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63050,63051,63053,63055,63057,63059,63061,63063],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63052,3723],{"class":62},[44,63054,2161],{"class":452},[44,63056,186],{"class":62},[44,63058,7620],{"class":452},[44,63060,186],{"class":62},[44,63062,7625],{"class":452},[44,63064,3453],{"class":62},[20,63066,63067],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[600,63069,63071],{"id":63070},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[35,63073,63075],{"className":37,"code":63074,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63076,63077,63113,63127,63131],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63078,63079,63081,63083,63085,63087,63089,63091,63093,63095,63097,63099,63101,63103,63105,63107,63109,63111],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63080,13030],{"class":50},[44,63082,55],{"class":54},[44,63084,10313],{"class":62},[44,63086,67],{"class":66},[44,63088,652],{"class":70},[44,63090,67],{"class":66},[44,63092,449],{"class":62},[44,63094,1438],{"class":66},[44,63096,12705],{"class":70},[44,63098,67],{"class":66},[44,63100,186],{"class":62},[44,63102,1438],{"class":66},[44,63104,414],{"class":70},[44,63106,67],{"class":66},[44,63108,449],{"class":62},[44,63110,9127],{"class":452},[44,63112,9130],{"class":62},[44,63114,63115,63117,63119,63121,63123,63125],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,63116,2059],{"class":50},[44,63118,55],{"class":54},[44,63120,22388],{"class":426},[44,63122,63],{"class":62},[44,63124,17136],{"class":97},[44,63126,76],{"class":62},[44,63128,63129],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,63130,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,63132,63133,63135,63137,63139],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,63134,82],{"class":58},[44,63136,63],{"class":62},[44,63138,2094],{"class":97},[44,63140,76],{"class":62},[20,63142,1031],{},[35,63144,63145],{"className":37,"code":25310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,63146,63147],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63148,63149,63151,63153,63155,63157,63159,63161,63163,63165],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63150,3723],{"class":62},[44,63152,476],{"class":66},[44,63154,652],{"class":70},[44,63156,476],{"class":66},[44,63158,186],{"class":62},[44,63160,470],{"class":66},[44,63162,414],{"class":70},[44,63164,476],{"class":66},[44,63166,3453],{"class":62},[20,63168,63169,63170,63172],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63171,24610],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63174,63175,63176,504],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[491,63177,63179],{"href":63178},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[30,63181,63183],{"id":63182},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63185,63186],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63188,60784],{},[126,63190,63191,63193,63195,63197,63199,63201],{},[129,63192,5128],{},[129,63194,5131],{},[129,63196,5137],{},[129,63198,5134],{},[129,63200,62626],{},[129,63202,7081],{},[20,63204,63205],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[35,63207,63209],{"className":37,"code":63208,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63210,63211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63212,63213,63215,63217,63219,63221,63223,63226,63228],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63214,82],{"class":58},[44,63216,63],{"class":62},[44,63218,7921],{"class":426},[44,63220,63],{"class":62},[44,63222,67],{"class":66},[44,63224,63225],{"class":70},"hi",[44,63227,67],{"class":66},[44,63229,434],{"class":62},[20,63231,1031],{},[35,63233,63235],{"className":37,"code":63234,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63236,63237],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63238,63239,63241,63243,63245,63247,63249,63251,63253,63255],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63240,3723],{"class":62},[44,63242,476],{"class":66},[44,63244,60067],{"class":70},[44,63246,476],{"class":66},[44,63248,186],{"class":62},[44,63250,470],{"class":66},[44,63252,35979],{"class":70},[44,63254,476],{"class":66},[44,63256,3453],{"class":62},[20,63258,63259],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[35,63261,63263],{"className":37,"code":63262,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63264,63265],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63266,63267,63269,63271,63273,63275,63277],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63268,82],{"class":58},[44,63270,63],{"class":62},[44,63272,7921],{"class":426},[44,63274,63],{"class":62},[44,63276,1129],{"class":452},[44,63278,434],{"class":62},[20,63280,1031],{},[35,63282,63284],{"className":37,"code":63283,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63285,63286],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63287,63288,63290,63292,63294,63296,63298,63300,63302,63304],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63289,2825],{"class":426},[44,63291,449],{"class":62},[44,63293,470],{"class":66},[44,63295,588],{"class":70},[44,63297,476],{"class":66},[44,63299,24446],{"class":426},[44,63301,7924],{"class":54},[44,63303,7927],{"class":54},[44,63305,63306],{"class":50}," iterable\n",[20,63308,63309,63310,63312,63313,504],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[491,63311,4964],{"href":5415},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[491,63314,63315],{"href":52226},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[30,63317,63319],{"id":63318},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63321,63322,63323,63326],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63324,63325],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[35,63328,63330],{"className":37,"code":63329,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63331,63332,63352,63366,63370,63380,63390],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63333,63334,63336,63338,63340,63342,63344,63346,63348,63350],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63335,11911],{"class":50},[44,63337,55],{"class":54},[44,63339,3440],{"class":62},[44,63341,2807],{"class":452},[44,63343,186],{"class":62},[44,63345,2812],{"class":452},[44,63347,186],{"class":62},[44,63349,2282],{"class":452},[44,63351,3453],{"class":62},[44,63353,63354,63356,63358,63360,63362,63364],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,63355,14138],{"class":50},[44,63357,55],{"class":54},[44,63359,22388],{"class":426},[44,63361,63],{"class":62},[44,63363,11958],{"class":97},[44,63365,76],{"class":62},[44,63367,63368],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,63369,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,63371,63372,63374,63376,63378],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,63373,82],{"class":58},[44,63375,63],{"class":62},[44,63377,11958],{"class":97},[44,63379,76],{"class":62},[44,63381,63382,63384,63386,63388],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,63383,82],{"class":58},[44,63385,63],{"class":62},[44,63387,14157],{"class":97},[44,63389,76],{"class":62},[44,63391,63392,63394,63396,63398,63400,63402],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,63393,82],{"class":58},[44,63395,63],{"class":62},[44,63397,11911],{"class":97},[44,63399,206],{"class":1384},[44,63401,14211],{"class":97},[44,63403,76],{"class":62},[20,63405,1031],{},[35,63407,63409],{"className":37,"code":63408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63410,63411,63427,63443],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63412,63413,63415,63417,63419,63421,63423,63425],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63414,3723],{"class":62},[44,63416,2807],{"class":452},[44,63418,186],{"class":62},[44,63420,2812],{"class":452},[44,63422,186],{"class":62},[44,63424,2282],{"class":452},[44,63426,3453],{"class":62},[44,63428,63429,63431,63433,63435,63437,63439,63441],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,63430,3723],{"class":62},[44,63432,2807],{"class":452},[44,63434,186],{"class":62},[44,63436,2812],{"class":452},[44,63438,186],{"class":62},[44,63440,2282],{"class":452},[44,63442,3453],{"class":62},[44,63444,63445],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,63446,3864],{"class":3674},[20,63448,63449,63450,63452],{},"This means ",[15,63451,14157],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63454,63455,63456,63458],{},"However, this is only a ",[3563,63457,12675],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[35,63460,63462],{"className":37,"code":63461,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63463,63464,63490,63504,63508,63526,63530,63540],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63465,63466,63468,63470,63472,63474,63476,63478,63480,63482,63484,63486,63488],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63467,11911],{"class":50},[44,63469,55],{"class":54},[44,63471,55921],{"class":62},[44,63473,2807],{"class":452},[44,63475,186],{"class":62},[44,63477,2812],{"class":452},[44,63479,17892],{"class":62},[44,63481,3440],{"class":62},[44,63483,1894],{"class":452},[44,63485,186],{"class":62},[44,63487,2287],{"class":452},[44,63489,52869],{"class":62},[44,63491,63492,63494,63496,63498,63500,63502],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,63493,14138],{"class":50},[44,63495,55],{"class":54},[44,63497,22388],{"class":426},[44,63499,63],{"class":62},[44,63501,11958],{"class":97},[44,63503,76],{"class":62},[44,63505,63506],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,63507,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,63509,63510,63512,63514,63516,63518,63520,63522,63524],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,63511,14157],{"class":50},[44,63513,3723],{"class":62},[44,63515,1951],{"class":452},[44,63517,13376],{"class":62},[44,63519,13379],{"class":97},[44,63521,63],{"class":62},[44,63523,55974],{"class":452},[44,63525,76],{"class":62},[44,63527,63528],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,63529,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,63531,63532,63534,63536,63538],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,63533,82],{"class":58},[44,63535,63],{"class":62},[44,63537,11958],{"class":97},[44,63539,76],{"class":62},[44,63541,63542,63544,63546,63548],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,63543,82],{"class":58},[44,63545,63],{"class":62},[44,63547,14157],{"class":97},[44,63549,76],{"class":62},[20,63551,1031],{},[35,63553,63554],{"className":37,"code":56005,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,63555,63556,63582],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63557,63558,63560,63562,63564,63566,63568,63570,63572,63574,63576,63578,63580],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63559,56012],{"class":62},[44,63561,2807],{"class":452},[44,63563,186],{"class":62},[44,63565,2812],{"class":452},[44,63567,186],{"class":62},[44,63569,10019],{"class":452},[44,63571,17892],{"class":62},[44,63573,3440],{"class":62},[44,63575,1894],{"class":452},[44,63577,186],{"class":62},[44,63579,2287],{"class":452},[44,63581,52869],{"class":62},[44,63583,63584,63586,63588,63590,63592,63594,63596,63598,63600,63602,63604,63606],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,63585,56012],{"class":62},[44,63587,2807],{"class":452},[44,63589,186],{"class":62},[44,63591,2812],{"class":452},[44,63593,186],{"class":62},[44,63595,10019],{"class":452},[44,63597,17892],{"class":62},[44,63599,3440],{"class":62},[44,63601,1894],{"class":452},[44,63603,186],{"class":62},[44,63605,2287],{"class":452},[44,63607,52869],{"class":62},[20,63609,63610],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63612,63613,63614,504],{},"For more on this, see ",[491,63615,13617],{"href":13616},[30,63617,63619],{"id":63618},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,63621,63622,63623,504],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,63624,24610],{},[600,63626,63628],{"id":63627},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[35,63630,63632],{"className":37,"code":63631,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,63633,63634,63674],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63635,63636,63638,63640,63642,63644,63646,63648,63650,63652,63654,63656,63658,63660,63662,63664,63666,63668,63670,63672],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63637,12688],{"class":50},[44,63639,55],{"class":54},[44,63641,10313],{"class":62},[44,63643,67],{"class":66},[44,63645,652],{"class":70},[44,63647,67],{"class":66},[44,63649,449],{"class":62},[44,63651,1438],{"class":66},[44,63653,7751],{"class":70},[44,63655,67],{"class":66},[44,63657,186],{"class":62},[44,63659,1438],{"class":66},[44,63661,19721],{"class":70},[44,63663,67],{"class":66},[44,63665,449],{"class":62},[44,63667,1438],{"class":66},[44,63669,22073],{"class":70},[44,63671,67],{"class":66},[44,63673,9130],{"class":62},[44,63675,63676,63678,63680,63682,63684,63686],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,63677,82],{"class":58},[44,63679,63],{"class":62},[44,63681,7921],{"class":426},[44,63683,63],{"class":62},[44,63685,13452],{"class":97},[44,63687,434],{"class":62},[20,63689,1031],{},[35,63691,63693],{"className":37,"code":63692,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,63694,63695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63696,63697,63699,63701,63703,63705,63707,63709,63711,63713],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63698,3723],{"class":62},[44,63700,476],{"class":66},[44,63702,652],{"class":70},[44,63704,476],{"class":66},[44,63706,186],{"class":62},[44,63708,470],{"class":66},[44,63710,19721],{"class":70},[44,63712,476],{"class":66},[44,63714,3453],{"class":62},[600,63716,63718],{"id":63717},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[35,63720,63722],{"className":37,"code":63721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,63723,63724,63764],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63725,63726,63728,63730,63732,63734,63736,63738,63740,63742,63744,63746,63748,63750,63752,63754,63756,63758,63760,63762],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63727,12688],{"class":50},[44,63729,55],{"class":54},[44,63731,10313],{"class":62},[44,63733,67],{"class":66},[44,63735,652],{"class":70},[44,63737,67],{"class":66},[44,63739,449],{"class":62},[44,63741,1438],{"class":66},[44,63743,7751],{"class":70},[44,63745,67],{"class":66},[44,63747,186],{"class":62},[44,63749,1438],{"class":66},[44,63751,19721],{"class":70},[44,63753,67],{"class":66},[44,63755,449],{"class":62},[44,63757,1438],{"class":66},[44,63759,22073],{"class":70},[44,63761,67],{"class":66},[44,63763,9130],{"class":62},[44,63765,63766,63768,63770,63772,63774,63776,63778,63780],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,63767,82],{"class":58},[44,63769,63],{"class":62},[44,63771,7921],{"class":426},[44,63773,63],{"class":62},[44,63775,13452],{"class":97},[44,63777,504],{"class":62},[44,63779,5187],{"class":97},[44,63781,6119],{"class":62},[20,63783,1031],{},[35,63785,63787],{"className":37,"code":63786,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,63788,63789],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63790,63791,63793,63795,63797,63799,63801,63803,63805,63807],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63792,3723],{"class":62},[44,63794,476],{"class":66},[44,63796,7751],{"class":70},[44,63798,476],{"class":66},[44,63800,186],{"class":62},[44,63802,470],{"class":66},[44,63804,22073],{"class":70},[44,63806,476],{"class":66},[44,63808,3453],{"class":62},[600,63810,63812],{"id":63811},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[35,63814,63816],{"className":37,"code":63815,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,63817,63818,63858],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63819,63820,63822,63824,63826,63828,63830,63832,63834,63836,63838,63840,63842,63844,63846,63848,63850,63852,63854,63856],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63821,12688],{"class":50},[44,63823,55],{"class":54},[44,63825,10313],{"class":62},[44,63827,67],{"class":66},[44,63829,652],{"class":70},[44,63831,67],{"class":66},[44,63833,449],{"class":62},[44,63835,1438],{"class":66},[44,63837,7751],{"class":70},[44,63839,67],{"class":66},[44,63841,186],{"class":62},[44,63843,1438],{"class":66},[44,63845,19721],{"class":70},[44,63847,67],{"class":66},[44,63849,449],{"class":62},[44,63851,1438],{"class":66},[44,63853,22073],{"class":70},[44,63855,67],{"class":66},[44,63857,9130],{"class":62},[44,63859,63860,63862,63864,63866,63868,63870,63872,63874],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,63861,82],{"class":58},[44,63863,63],{"class":62},[44,63865,7921],{"class":426},[44,63867,63],{"class":62},[44,63869,13452],{"class":97},[44,63871,504],{"class":62},[44,63873,7640],{"class":97},[44,63875,6119],{"class":62},[20,63877,1031],{},[35,63879,63881],{"className":37,"code":63880,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,63882,63883],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63884,63885,63887,63889,63891,63893,63895,63897,63899,63901,63903,63905,63907,63909,63911,63913,63915,63917,63919],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63886,21568],{"class":62},[44,63888,476],{"class":66},[44,63890,652],{"class":70},[44,63892,476],{"class":66},[44,63894,186],{"class":62},[44,63896,470],{"class":66},[44,63898,7751],{"class":70},[44,63900,476],{"class":66},[44,63902,9055],{"class":62},[44,63904,9058],{"class":62},[44,63906,476],{"class":66},[44,63908,19721],{"class":70},[44,63910,476],{"class":66},[44,63912,186],{"class":62},[44,63914,470],{"class":66},[44,63916,22073],{"class":70},[44,63918,476],{"class":66},[44,63920,9071],{"class":62},[20,63922,63923],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[30,63925,63927],{"id":63926},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,63929,103,63930,10424],{},[15,63931,24610],{},[126,63933,63934,63942,63951],{},[129,63935,63936,63937,497,63939],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,63938,52279],{},[15,63940,63941],{},"sort()",[129,63943,63944,63945,497,63947,63950],{},"you want to convert ",[15,63946,36023],{},[15,63948,63949],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[129,63952,63953],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,63955,1319,63956,449],{},[15,63957,63949],{},[35,63959,63961],{"className":37,"code":63960,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,63962,63963,63987,64003,64007,64030],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63964,63965,63967,63969,63971,63973,63975,63977,63979,63981,63983,63985],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63966,4822],{"class":50},[44,63968,55],{"class":54},[44,63970,3440],{"class":62},[44,63972,67],{"class":66},[44,63974,12705],{"class":70},[44,63976,67],{"class":66},[44,63978,186],{"class":62},[44,63980,1438],{"class":66},[44,63982,35766],{"class":70},[44,63984,67],{"class":66},[44,63986,3453],{"class":62},[44,63988,63989,63991,63993,63995,63997,63999,64001],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,63990,4891],{"class":50},[44,63992,55],{"class":54},[44,63994,3440],{"class":62},[44,63996,13328],{"class":452},[44,63998,186],{"class":62},[44,64000,13333],{"class":452},[44,64002,3453],{"class":62},[44,64004,64005],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,64006,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,64008,64009,64011,64013,64015,64017,64020,64022,64024,64026,64028],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,64010,9037],{"class":50},[44,64012,55],{"class":54},[44,64014,22388],{"class":426},[44,64016,63],{"class":62},[44,64018,64019],{"class":58},"zip",[44,64021,63],{"class":62},[44,64023,4866],{"class":97},[44,64025,186],{"class":62},[44,64027,4938],{"class":97},[44,64029,434],{"class":62},[44,64031,64032,64034,64036,64038],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,64033,82],{"class":58},[44,64035,63],{"class":62},[44,64037,9084],{"class":97},[44,64039,76],{"class":62},[20,64041,1031],{},[35,64043,64045],{"className":37,"code":64044,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64046,64047],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64048,64049,64051,64053,64055,64057,64059,64061,64063,64065,64067,64069,64071,64073,64075],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64050,21568],{"class":62},[44,64052,476],{"class":66},[44,64054,12705],{"class":70},[44,64056,476],{"class":66},[44,64058,186],{"class":62},[44,64060,19728],{"class":452},[44,64062,9055],{"class":62},[44,64064,9058],{"class":62},[44,64066,476],{"class":66},[44,64068,35766],{"class":70},[44,64070,476],{"class":66},[44,64072,186],{"class":62},[44,64074,13333],{"class":452},[44,64076,9071],{"class":62},[20,64078,64079,64080,64082,64083,504],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64081,52279],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[491,64084,52676],{"href":52675},[30,64086,4344],{"id":4343},[20,64088,56403,64089,504],{},[15,64090,24610],{},[600,64092,64094],{"id":64093},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64096,4351],{},[35,64098,64100],{"className":37,"code":64099,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64101,64102,64106],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64103,64104],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64105,4361],{"class":3483},[44,64107,64108,64110,64112,64114,64116,64118,64120,64122],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,64109,7921],{"class":426},[44,64111,63],{"class":62},[44,64113,2807],{"class":452},[44,64115,186],{"class":62},[44,64117,2812],{"class":452},[44,64119,186],{"class":62},[44,64121,2282],{"class":452},[44,64123,76],{"class":62},[20,64125,64126,64128],{},[15,64127,24610],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64130,18525],{},[35,64132,64134],{"className":37,"code":64133,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64135,64136],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64137,64138,64140,64142,64144,64146,64148,64150,64152,64154,64156],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64139,82],{"class":58},[44,64141,63],{"class":62},[44,64143,7921],{"class":426},[44,64145,5339],{"class":62},[44,64147,2807],{"class":452},[44,64149,186],{"class":62},[44,64151,2812],{"class":452},[44,64153,186],{"class":62},[44,64155,2282],{"class":452},[44,64157,2731],{"class":62},[600,64159,64161,64162],{"id":64160},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[44,64163,64164],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64166,64167],{},"This is a common surprise:",[35,64169,64171],{"className":37,"code":64170,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64172,64173],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64174,64175,64177,64179,64181,64183,64185,64187,64189],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64176,82],{"class":58},[44,64178,63],{"class":62},[44,64180,7921],{"class":426},[44,64182,63],{"class":62},[44,64184,67],{"class":66},[44,64186,3667],{"class":70},[44,64188,67],{"class":66},[44,64190,434],{"class":62},[20,64192,1031],{},[35,64194,64196],{"className":37,"code":64195,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64197,64198],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64199,64200,64202,64204,64206,64208,64210,64212,64214,64216,64218,64220,64222,64224,64226,64228,64230,64232,64234,64236,64238,64240],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64201,3723],{"class":62},[44,64203,476],{"class":66},[44,64205,60067],{"class":70},[44,64207,476],{"class":66},[44,64209,186],{"class":62},[44,64211,470],{"class":66},[44,64213,60076],{"class":70},[44,64215,476],{"class":66},[44,64217,186],{"class":62},[44,64219,470],{"class":66},[44,64221,60085],{"class":70},[44,64223,476],{"class":66},[44,64225,186],{"class":62},[44,64227,470],{"class":66},[44,64229,60085],{"class":70},[44,64231,476],{"class":66},[44,64233,186],{"class":62},[44,64235,470],{"class":66},[44,64237,60102],{"class":70},[44,64239,476],{"class":66},[44,64241,3453],{"class":62},[20,64243,64244],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64246,64247],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[35,64249,64251],{"className":37,"code":64250,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64252,64253],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64254,64255,64257,64259,64261,64263,64265],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64256,82],{"class":58},[44,64258,2804],{"class":62},[44,64260,67],{"class":66},[44,64262,3667],{"class":70},[44,64264,67],{"class":66},[44,64266,3711],{"class":62},[600,64268,64270],{"id":64269},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64272,64273],{},"This:",[35,64275,64277],{"className":37,"code":64276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64278,64279,64311],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64280,64281,64283,64285,64287,64289,64291,64293,64295,64297,64299,64301,64303,64305,64307,64309],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64282,8988],{"class":50},[44,64284,55],{"class":54},[44,64286,10313],{"class":62},[44,64288,67],{"class":66},[44,64290,491],{"class":70},[44,64292,67],{"class":66},[44,64294,449],{"class":62},[44,64296,711],{"class":452},[44,64298,186],{"class":62},[44,64300,1438],{"class":66},[44,64302,4587],{"class":70},[44,64304,67],{"class":66},[44,64306,449],{"class":62},[44,64308,2812],{"class":452},[44,64310,9130],{"class":62},[44,64312,64313,64315,64317,64319,64321,64323],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,64314,82],{"class":58},[44,64316,63],{"class":62},[44,64318,7921],{"class":426},[44,64320,63],{"class":62},[44,64322,9026],{"class":97},[44,64324,434],{"class":62},[20,64326,64327],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64329,103,64330,64333],{},[15,64331,64332],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[600,64335,64337],{"id":64336},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64339,64340,64342],{},[15,64341,24610],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64344,64345],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[30,64347,1651],{"id":1650},[600,64349,5007,64351,64353],{"id":64350},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[44,64352],{}," and list()?",[20,64355,64356,64357,64359,64360,64362],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64358,3608],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64361,24610],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[600,64364,64366],{"id":64365},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64368,64369,64370,64372],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64371,24610],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[600,64374,64376],{"id":64375},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64378,64379],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[600,64381,64383],{"id":64382},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64385,64386],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[600,64388,64390],{"id":64389},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64392,64393,64394,64396],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64395,24610],{}," cannot loop through it.",[30,64398,1719],{"id":1718},[126,64400,64401,64405,64410,64414,64418,64422,64426,64431],{},[129,64402,64403],{},[491,64404,52398],{"href":50605},[129,64406,64407],{},[491,64408,64409],{"href":36020},"Python range() function explained",[129,64411,64412],{},[491,64413,62847],{"href":62846},[129,64415,64416],{},[491,64417,63179],{"href":63178},[129,64419,64420],{},[491,64421,5044],{"href":5415},[129,64423,64424],{},[491,64425,13617],{"href":13616},[129,64427,64428],{},[491,64429,64430],{"href":52226},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[129,64432,64433],{},[491,64434,53905],{"href":52675},[1758,64436,64437],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":64439},[64440,64441,64442,64443,64444,64451,64452,64453,64458,64459,64466,64474],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":62549,"depth":79,"text":62550},{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":59248,"depth":79,"text":59249},{"id":62777,"depth":79,"text":62778,"children":64445},[64446,64447,64448,64449,64450],{"id":62781,"depth":419,"text":62782},{"id":62850,"depth":419,"text":62851},{"id":62928,"depth":419,"text":62929},{"id":63003,"depth":419,"text":63004},{"id":63070,"depth":419,"text":63071},{"id":63182,"depth":79,"text":63183},{"id":63318,"depth":79,"text":63319},{"id":63618,"depth":79,"text":63619,"children":64454},[64455,64456,64457],{"id":63627,"depth":419,"text":63628},{"id":63717,"depth":419,"text":63718},{"id":63811,"depth":419,"text":63812},{"id":63926,"depth":79,"text":63927},{"id":4343,"depth":79,"text":4344,"children":64460},[64461,64462,64464,64465],{"id":64093,"depth":419,"text":64094},{"id":64160,"depth":419,"text":64463},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64269,"depth":419,"text":64270},{"id":64336,"depth":419,"text":64337},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":64467},[64468,64470,64471,64472,64473],{"id":64350,"depth":419,"text":64469},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64365,"depth":419,"text":64366},{"id":64375,"depth":419,"text":64376},{"id":64382,"depth":419,"text":64383},{"id":64389,"depth":419,"text":64390},{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62383,"description":64475},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64482,"title":64483,"body":64484,"description":65835,"extension":1796,"meta":65836,"navigation":807,"path":65837,"seo":65838,"stem":65839,"__hash__":65840},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64485,"toc":65809},[64486,64491,64497,64506,64508,64581,64590,64595,64599,64615,64619,64621,64623,64642,64645,64673,64676,64701,64709,64711,64716,64723,64725,64782,64784,64792,64798,64802,64805,64878,64880,64888,64891,64914,64921,64927,64931,64937,65008,65010,65018,65027,65034,65041,65049,65193,65195,65212,65215,65254,65257,65261,65266,65268,65327,65333,65336,65443,65445,65460,65463,65470,65472,65476,65624,65627,65688,65691,65694,65715,65720,65724,65735,65738,65740,65745,65748,65756,65761,65767,65770,65776,65784,65786,65806],[10,64487,53969,64489,11147],{"id":64488},"python-list-index-method",[15,64490,58596],{},[20,64492,64493,64496],{},[15,64494,64495],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64498,64499,64500,64503,64504,504],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[3563,64501,64502],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64505,1144],{},[30,64507,3425],{"id":3424},[35,64509,64511],{"className":37,"code":64510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64512,64513,64545,64568],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64514,64515,64517,64519,64521,64523,64525,64527,64529,64531,64533,64535,64537,64539,64541,64543],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64516,7609],{"class":50},[44,64518,55],{"class":54},[44,64520,3440],{"class":62},[44,64522,67],{"class":66},[44,64524,3903],{"class":70},[44,64526,67],{"class":66},[44,64528,186],{"class":62},[44,64530,1438],{"class":66},[44,64532,3912],{"class":70},[44,64534,67],{"class":66},[44,64536,186],{"class":62},[44,64538,1438],{"class":66},[44,64540,3921],{"class":70},[44,64542,67],{"class":66},[44,64544,3453],{"class":62},[44,64546,64547,64550,64552,64554,64556,64558,64560,64562,64564,64566],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,64548,64549],{"class":50},"position ",[44,64551,55],{"class":54},[44,64553,5795],{"class":50},[44,64555,504],{"class":62},[44,64557,35673],{"class":97},[44,64559,63],{"class":62},[44,64561,67],{"class":66},[44,64563,3912],{"class":70},[44,64565,67],{"class":66},[44,64567,76],{"class":62},[44,64569,64570,64572,64574,64577,64579],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,64571,82],{"class":58},[44,64573,63],{"class":62},[44,64575,64576],{"class":97},"position",[44,64578,3480],{"class":62},[44,64580,27610],{"class":3483},[20,64582,103,64583,64586,64587,64589],{},[15,64584,64585],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64588,1144],{}," if the item is not found.",[30,64591,113,64593,116],{"id":64592},"what-listindex-does",[15,64594,64495],{},[20,64596,64597,449],{},[15,64598,64495],{},[126,64600,64601,64604,64607,64612],{},[129,64602,64603],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[129,64605,64606],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[129,64608,64609,64610],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64611,1951],{},[129,64613,64614],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,64616,54194,64617,504],{},[491,64618,52398],{"href":54197},[30,64620,250],{"id":249},[20,64622,30552],{},[35,64624,64626],{"className":37,"code":64625,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,64627,64628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64629,64630,64632,64634,64636,64638,64640],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64631,8164],{"class":50},[44,64633,504],{"class":62},[44,64635,35673],{"class":97},[44,64637,63],{"class":62},[44,64639,354],{"class":97},[44,64641,76],{"class":62},[20,64643,64644],{},"You can also limit the search:",[35,64646,64648],{"className":37,"code":64647,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,64649,64650],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64651,64652,64654,64656,64658,64660,64662,64664,64666,64668,64671],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64653,8164],{"class":50},[44,64655,504],{"class":62},[44,64657,35673],{"class":97},[44,64659,63],{"class":62},[44,64661,354],{"class":97},[44,64663,186],{"class":62},[44,64665,35876],{"class":97},[44,64667,186],{"class":62},[44,64669,64670],{"class":97}," end",[44,64672,76],{"class":62},[20,64674,64675],{},"Here is what each part means:",[126,64677,64678,64683,64688,64693],{},[129,64679,64680,64682],{},[15,64681,354],{},": the item to search for",[129,64684,64685,64687],{},[15,64686,35897],{},": where the search begins",[129,64689,64690,64692],{},[15,64691,52287],{},": where the search stops",[129,64694,64695,4610,64697,64700],{},[15,64696,52287],{},[3563,64698,64699],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,64702,64703,64704,64706,64707,504],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,64705,35897],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,64708,52287],{},[30,64710,37846],{"id":37845},[20,64712,64713,64715],{},[15,64714,64495],{}," returns an integer.",[20,64717,64718,64719,64722],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[3563,64720,64721],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,64724,145],{},[35,64726,64728],{"className":37,"code":64727,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,64729,64730,64750,64768,64772],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64731,64732,64734,64736,64738,64740,64742,64744,64746,64748],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64733,3435],{"class":50},[44,64735,55],{"class":54},[44,64737,3440],{"class":62},[44,64739,2161],{"class":452},[44,64741,186],{"class":62},[44,64743,7620],{"class":452},[44,64745,186],{"class":62},[44,64747,7625],{"class":452},[44,64749,3453],{"class":62},[44,64751,64752,64754,64756,64758,64760,64762,64764,64766],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,64753,2059],{"class":50},[44,64755,55],{"class":54},[44,64757,4088],{"class":50},[44,64759,504],{"class":62},[44,64761,35673],{"class":97},[44,64763,63],{"class":62},[44,64765,15582],{"class":452},[44,64767,76],{"class":62},[44,64769,64770],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,64771,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,64773,64774,64776,64778,64780],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,64775,82],{"class":58},[44,64777,63],{"class":62},[44,64779,2094],{"class":97},[44,64781,76],{"class":62},[20,64783,1031],{},[35,64785,64786],{"className":37,"code":46541,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,64787,64788],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64789,64790],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64791,46541],{"class":452},[20,64793,64794,64795,64797],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,64796,58596],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[30,64799,64801],{"id":64800},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,64803,64804],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[35,64806,64808],{"className":37,"code":64807,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,64809,64810,64842,64864,64868],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64811,64812,64814,64816,64818,64820,64822,64824,64826,64828,64830,64832,64834,64836,64838,64840],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64813,36064],{"class":50},[44,64815,55],{"class":54},[44,64817,3440],{"class":62},[44,64819,67],{"class":66},[44,64821,3903],{"class":70},[44,64823,67],{"class":66},[44,64825,186],{"class":62},[44,64827,1438],{"class":66},[44,64829,3912],{"class":70},[44,64831,67],{"class":66},[44,64833,186],{"class":62},[44,64835,1438],{"class":66},[44,64837,3921],{"class":70},[44,64839,67],{"class":66},[44,64841,3453],{"class":62},[44,64843,64844,64846,64848,64850,64852,64854,64856,64858,64860,64862],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,64845,64549],{"class":50},[44,64847,55],{"class":54},[44,64849,52478],{"class":50},[44,64851,504],{"class":62},[44,64853,35673],{"class":97},[44,64855,63],{"class":62},[44,64857,67],{"class":66},[44,64859,3921],{"class":70},[44,64861,67],{"class":66},[44,64863,76],{"class":62},[44,64865,64866],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,64867,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,64869,64870,64872,64874,64876],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,64871,82],{"class":58},[44,64873,63],{"class":62},[44,64875,64576],{"class":97},[44,64877,76],{"class":62},[20,64879,1031],{},[35,64881,64882],{"className":37,"code":16885,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,64883,64884],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64885,64886],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64887,16885],{"class":452},[20,64889,64890],{},"In this list:",[126,64892,64893,64900,64907],{},[129,64894,64895,64897,64898],{},[15,64896,57461],{}," is at index ",[15,64899,1951],{},[129,64901,64902,64897,64905],{},[15,64903,64904],{},"\"banana\"",[15,64906,2807],{},[129,64908,64909,64897,64912],{},[15,64910,64911],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,64913,1889],{},[20,64915,53280,64916,2228,64919,504],{},[15,64917,64918],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,64920,1889],{},[20,64922,51169,64923,504],{},[491,64924,64926],{"href":64925},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[30,64928,64930],{"id":64929},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,64932,64933,64934,64936],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,64935,58596],{}," returns the first match only.",[35,64938,64940],{"className":37,"code":64939,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,64941,64942,64982,64986],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64943,64944,64946,64948,64950,64952,64954,64956,64958,64960,64962,64964,64966,64968,64970,64972,64974,64976,64978,64980],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64945,12901],{"class":50},[44,64947,55],{"class":54},[44,64949,3440],{"class":62},[44,64951,67],{"class":66},[44,64953,12918],{"class":70},[44,64955,67],{"class":66},[44,64957,186],{"class":62},[44,64959,1438],{"class":66},[44,64961,12935],{"class":70},[44,64963,67],{"class":66},[44,64965,186],{"class":62},[44,64967,1438],{"class":66},[44,64969,12918],{"class":70},[44,64971,67],{"class":66},[44,64973,186],{"class":62},[44,64975,1438],{"class":66},[44,64977,17285],{"class":70},[44,64979,67],{"class":66},[44,64981,3453],{"class":62},[44,64983,64984],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,64985,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,64987,64988,64990,64992,64994,64996,64998,65000,65002,65004,65006],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,64989,82],{"class":58},[44,64991,63],{"class":62},[44,64993,17332],{"class":97},[44,64995,504],{"class":62},[44,64997,35673],{"class":97},[44,64999,63],{"class":62},[44,65001,67],{"class":66},[44,65003,12918],{"class":70},[44,65005,67],{"class":66},[44,65007,434],{"class":62},[20,65009,1031],{},[35,65011,65012],{"className":37,"code":46876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,65013,65014],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65015,65016],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65017,46876],{"class":452},[20,65019,20806,65020,65023,65024,65026],{},[15,65021,65022],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65025,1951],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65028,65029,65030,504],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[491,65031,55147,65032,10564],{"href":58655},[15,65033,56918],{},[30,65035,8243,65037,1126,65039],{"id":65036},"using-start-and-end",[15,65038,35897],{},[15,65040,52287],{},[20,65042,65043,65044,1126,65046,65048],{},"The optional ",[15,65045,35897],{},[15,65047,52287],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[35,65050,65052],{"className":37,"code":65051,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65053,65054,65102,65106,65131,65160],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65055,65056,65058,65060,65062,65064,65066,65068,65070,65072,65074,65076,65078,65080,65082,65084,65086,65088,65090,65092,65094,65096,65098,65100],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65057,35915],{"class":50},[44,65059,55],{"class":54},[44,65061,3440],{"class":62},[44,65063,67],{"class":66},[44,65065,491],{"class":70},[44,65067,67],{"class":66},[44,65069,186],{"class":62},[44,65071,1438],{"class":66},[44,65073,4587],{"class":70},[44,65075,67],{"class":66},[44,65077,186],{"class":62},[44,65079,1438],{"class":66},[44,65081,9561],{"class":70},[44,65083,67],{"class":66},[44,65085,186],{"class":62},[44,65087,1438],{"class":66},[44,65089,4587],{"class":70},[44,65091,67],{"class":66},[44,65093,186],{"class":62},[44,65095,1438],{"class":66},[44,65097,18598],{"class":70},[44,65099,67],{"class":66},[44,65101,3453],{"class":62},[44,65103,65104],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,65105,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,65107,65108,65110,65112,65114,65116,65118,65120,65122,65124,65126,65128],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,65109,82],{"class":58},[44,65111,63],{"class":62},[44,65113,35968],{"class":97},[44,65115,504],{"class":62},[44,65117,35673],{"class":97},[44,65119,63],{"class":62},[44,65121,67],{"class":66},[44,65123,4587],{"class":70},[44,65125,67],{"class":66},[44,65127,5190],{"class":62},[44,65129,65130],{"class":3483},"        # first match\n",[44,65132,65133,65135,65137,65139,65141,65143,65145,65147,65149,65151,65153,65155,65157],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,65134,82],{"class":58},[44,65136,63],{"class":62},[44,65138,35968],{"class":97},[44,65140,504],{"class":62},[44,65142,35673],{"class":97},[44,65144,63],{"class":62},[44,65146,67],{"class":66},[44,65148,4587],{"class":70},[44,65150,67],{"class":66},[44,65152,186],{"class":62},[44,65154,2812],{"class":452},[44,65156,5190],{"class":62},[44,65158,65159],{"class":3483},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[44,65161,65162,65164,65166,65168,65170,65172,65174,65176,65178,65180,65182,65184,65186,65188,65190],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,65163,82],{"class":58},[44,65165,63],{"class":62},[44,65167,35968],{"class":97},[44,65169,504],{"class":62},[44,65171,35673],{"class":97},[44,65173,63],{"class":62},[44,65175,67],{"class":66},[44,65177,4587],{"class":70},[44,65179,67],{"class":66},[44,65181,186],{"class":62},[44,65183,711],{"class":452},[44,65185,186],{"class":62},[44,65187,2287],{"class":452},[44,65189,5190],{"class":62},[44,65191,65192],{"class":3483},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65194,1031],{},[35,65196,65198],{"className":37,"code":65197,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65199,65200,65204,65208],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65201,65202],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65203,46541],{"class":452},[44,65205,65206],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,65207,46241],{"class":452},[44,65209,65210],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,65211,46541],{"class":452},[20,65213,65214],{},"How this works:",[126,65216,65217,65229,65242],{},[129,65218,65219,65222,65223,65226,65227],{},[15,65220,65221],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65224,65225],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65228,2807],{},[129,65230,65231,65234,65235,65237,65238,65226,65240],{},[15,65232,65233],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65236,1889],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65239,65225],{},[15,65241,1894],{},[129,65243,65244,65247,65248,2018,65250,16901,65252],{},[15,65245,65246],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65249,2807],{},[15,65251,1889],{},[15,65253,1894],{},[20,65255,65256],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[30,65258,65260],{"id":65259},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65262,65263,65264,504],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65265,1144],{},[20,65267,145],{},[35,65269,65271],{"className":37,"code":65270,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65272,65273,65305],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65274,65275,65277,65279,65281,65283,65285,65287,65289,65291,65293,65295,65297,65299,65301,65303],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65276,7609],{"class":50},[44,65278,55],{"class":54},[44,65280,3440],{"class":62},[44,65282,67],{"class":66},[44,65284,3903],{"class":70},[44,65286,67],{"class":66},[44,65288,186],{"class":62},[44,65290,1438],{"class":66},[44,65292,3912],{"class":70},[44,65294,67],{"class":66},[44,65296,186],{"class":62},[44,65298,1438],{"class":66},[44,65300,3921],{"class":70},[44,65302,67],{"class":66},[44,65304,3453],{"class":62},[44,65306,65307,65309,65311,65313,65315,65317,65319,65321,65323,65325],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,65308,82],{"class":58},[44,65310,63],{"class":62},[44,65312,7640],{"class":97},[44,65314,504],{"class":62},[44,65316,35673],{"class":97},[44,65318,63],{"class":62},[44,65320,67],{"class":66},[44,65322,33046],{"class":70},[44,65324,67],{"class":66},[44,65326,434],{"class":62},[20,65328,39479,65329,65332],{},[15,65330,65331],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65334,65335],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[35,65337,65339],{"className":37,"code":65338,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65340,65341,65373,65386,65390,65403,65422,65428],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65342,65343,65345,65347,65349,65351,65353,65355,65357,65359,65361,65363,65365,65367,65369,65371],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65344,7609],{"class":50},[44,65346,55],{"class":54},[44,65348,3440],{"class":62},[44,65350,67],{"class":66},[44,65352,3903],{"class":70},[44,65354,67],{"class":66},[44,65356,186],{"class":62},[44,65358,1438],{"class":66},[44,65360,3912],{"class":70},[44,65362,67],{"class":66},[44,65364,186],{"class":62},[44,65366,1438],{"class":66},[44,65368,3921],{"class":70},[44,65370,67],{"class":66},[44,65372,3453],{"class":62},[44,65374,65375,65378,65380,65382,65384],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,65376,65377],{"class":50},"search_value ",[44,65379,55],{"class":54},[44,65381,1438],{"class":66},[44,65383,33046],{"class":70},[44,65385,3176],{"class":66},[44,65387,65388],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,65389,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,65391,65392,65394,65397,65399,65401],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,65393,6828],{"class":1384},[44,65395,65396],{"class":50}," search_value ",[44,65398,3705],{"class":54},[44,65400,5795],{"class":50},[44,65402,1388],{"class":62},[44,65404,65405,65407,65409,65411,65413,65415,65417,65420],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,65406,1416],{"class":58},[44,65408,63],{"class":62},[44,65410,7640],{"class":97},[44,65412,504],{"class":62},[44,65414,35673],{"class":97},[44,65416,63],{"class":62},[44,65418,65419],{"class":97},"search_value",[44,65421,434],{"class":62},[44,65423,65424,65426],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,65425,27264],{"class":1384},[44,65427,1388],{"class":62},[44,65429,65430,65432,65434,65436,65439,65441],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,65431,1416],{"class":58},[44,65433,63],{"class":62},[44,65435,67],{"class":66},[44,65437,65438],{"class":70},"Item not found",[44,65440,67],{"class":66},[44,65442,76],{"class":62},[20,65444,1031],{},[35,65446,65448],{"className":37,"code":65447,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Item not found\n",[15,65449,65450],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65451,65452,65455,65457],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65453,65454],{"class":50},"Item ",[44,65456,4457],{"class":54},[44,65458,65459],{"class":50}," found\n",[20,65461,65462],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65464,65465,65466,504],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[491,65467,65469],{"href":65468},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[30,65471,4344],{"id":4343},[20,65473,21040,65474,449],{},[15,65475,64495],{},[126,65477,65478,65496,65508,65568],{},[129,65479,25604,65480,2228,65482,65485,65486,65488,65489,4988,65491,65493,65494,504],{},[15,65481,58596],{},[15,65483,65484],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9668,65487],{},"\nPython does ",[3563,65490,4457],{},[15,65492,65484],{},". It raises ",[15,65495,1144],{},[129,65497,65498,65499,65501,65504,65505,65507],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9668,65500],{},[15,65502,65503],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65506,64904],{},", not the value itself.",[129,65509,8243,65510,10916,65513,65515,65517,65518,16484,65520,65543,16472,65545],{},[15,65511,65512],{},"index[]",[15,65514,58596],{},[9668,65516],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9668,65519],{},[35,65521,65523],{"className":37,"code":65522,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65524,65525],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65526,65527,65529,65531,65533,65535,65537,65539,65541],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65528,7640],{"class":50},[44,65530,504],{"class":62},[44,65532,35673],{"class":97},[44,65534,63],{"class":62},[44,65536,67],{"class":66},[44,65538,3912],{"class":70},[44,65540,67],{"class":66},[44,65542,76],{"class":62},[9668,65544],{},[35,65546,65548],{"className":37,"code":65547,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65549,65550],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65551,65552,65554,65556,65558,65560,65562,65564,65566],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65553,7640],{"class":50},[44,65555,504],{"class":62},[44,65557,35673],{"class":24579},[44,65559,3723],{"class":62},[44,65561,67],{"class":66},[44,65563,3912],{"class":70},[44,65565,67],{"class":66},[44,65567,3453],{"class":62},[129,65569,65570,65571,65573,1126,65576,65578,65579],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9668,65572],{},[15,65574,65575],{},"\"3\"",[15,65577,1894],{}," are different values in Python.",[35,65580,65582],{"className":37,"code":65581,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65583,65584,65604],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65585,65586,65588,65590,65592,65594,65596,65598,65600,65602],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65587,3435],{"class":50},[44,65589,55],{"class":54},[44,65591,3440],{"class":62},[44,65593,2807],{"class":452},[44,65595,186],{"class":62},[44,65597,2812],{"class":452},[44,65599,186],{"class":62},[44,65601,2282],{"class":452},[44,65603,3453],{"class":62},[44,65605,65606,65608,65610,65612,65614,65616,65618,65620,65622],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,65607,82],{"class":58},[44,65609,63],{"class":62},[44,65611,67],{"class":66},[44,65613,1894],{"class":70},[44,65615,67],{"class":66},[44,65617,21002],{"class":1384},[44,65619,4088],{"class":97},[44,65621,3480],{"class":62},[44,65623,4598],{"class":3483},[20,65625,65626],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[35,65628,65630],{"className":37,"code":65629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,65631,65632,65642,65656,65670],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65633,65634,65636,65638,65640],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65635,82],{"class":58},[44,65637,63],{"class":62},[44,65639,8164],{"class":97},[44,65641,76],{"class":62},[44,65643,65644,65646,65648,65650,65652,65654],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,65645,82],{"class":58},[44,65647,63],{"class":62},[44,65649,427],{"class":426},[44,65651,63],{"class":62},[44,65653,65419],{"class":97},[44,65655,434],{"class":62},[44,65657,65658,65660,65662,65664,65666,65668],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,65659,82],{"class":58},[44,65661,63],{"class":62},[44,65663,65377],{"class":97},[44,65665,3705],{"class":1384},[44,65667,8221],{"class":97},[44,65669,76],{"class":62},[44,65671,65672,65674,65676,65678,65680,65682,65684,65686],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,65673,82],{"class":58},[44,65675,63],{"class":62},[44,65677,8164],{"class":97},[44,65679,504],{"class":62},[44,65681,35673],{"class":97},[44,65683,63],{"class":62},[44,65685,65419],{"class":97},[44,65687,434],{"class":62},[20,65689,65690],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,65692,65693],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[126,65695,65696,65699,65706,65712],{},[129,65697,65698],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[129,65700,65701,65702,10916,65704],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,65703,65575],{},[15,65705,1894],{},[129,65707,65708,65709,65711],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,65710,58596],{}," returns only the first one",[129,65713,65714],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[30,65716,4788,65718],{"id":65717},"when-to-use-index",[15,65719,58596],{},[20,65721,103,65722,10424],{},[15,65723,58596],{},[126,65725,65726,65729,65732],{},[129,65727,65728],{},"You need the position of a known value",[129,65730,65731],{},"You are working with a small list",[129,65733,65734],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,65736,65737],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[30,65739,1651],{"id":1650},[600,65741,4970,65743,4973],{"id":65742},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,65744,64495],{},[20,65746,65747],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[600,65749,1655,65751,4988,65753,65755],{"id":65750},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,65752,64495],{},[15,65754,65484],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,65757,65758,65759,6461],{},"No. It raises ",[15,65760,1144],{},[600,65762,4997,65764,65766],{"id":65763},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,65765,64495],{}," find all matching items?",[20,65768,65769],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[600,65771,65773,65774,213],{"id":65772},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,65775,58596],{},[20,65777,65778,65779,1126,65781,65783],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,65780,35897],{},[15,65782,52287],{}," arguments.",[30,65785,1719],{"id":1718},[126,65787,65788,65792,65796,65800],{},[129,65789,65790],{},[491,65791,58584],{"href":64925},[129,65793,65794],{},[491,65795,52398],{"href":54197},[129,65797,65798],{},[491,65799,65469],{"href":65468},[129,65801,65802],{},[491,65803,55147,65804,10564],{"href":58655},[15,65805,56918],{},[1758,65807,65808],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":65810},[65811,65812,65814,65815,65816,65817,65818,65820,65821,65822,65824,65834],{"id":3424,"depth":79,"text":3425},{"id":64592,"depth":79,"text":65813},"What list.index() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":37845,"depth":79,"text":37846},{"id":64800,"depth":79,"text":64801},{"id":64929,"depth":79,"text":64930},{"id":65036,"depth":79,"text":65819},"Using start and end",{"id":65259,"depth":79,"text":65260},{"id":4343,"depth":79,"text":4344},{"id":65717,"depth":79,"text":65823},"When to use index()",{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":65825},[65826,65828,65830,65832],{"id":65742,"depth":419,"text":65827},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65750,"depth":419,"text":65829},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65763,"depth":419,"text":65831},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":65772,"depth":419,"text":65833},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64483,"description":65835},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":65842,"title":65843,"body":65844,"description":67786,"extension":1796,"meta":67787,"navigation":807,"path":67788,"seo":67789,"stem":67790,"__hash__":67791},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":65845,"toc":67746},[65846,65851,65856,65859,65868,65925,65931,65936,65940,65954,65960,65962,65985,66002,66004,66065,66067,66099,66112,66114,66117,66217,66219,66297,66303,66307,66315,66319,66325,66380,66382,66406,66410,66413,66466,66468,66492,66496,66499,66552,66554,66578,66582,66588,66659,66661,66702,66708,66715,66718,66723,66731,66736,66744,66746,66843,66845,66914,66921,66926,66928,66932,66937,66939,67010,67012,67041,67047,67049,67076,67079,67102,67106,67109,67131,67134,67157,67159,67219,67221,67253,67259,67264,67317,67319,67344,67347,67396,67398,67419,67423,67428,67431,67486,67488,67515,67522,67526,67531,67602,67605,67619,67624,67629,67631,67645,67657,67662,67664,67669,67674,67678,67681,67687,67693,67700,67708,67710,67743],[10,65847,53969,65849,11147],{"id":65848},"python-list-insert-method",[15,65850,53895],{},[20,65852,65853,65855],{},[15,65854,53538],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,65857,65858],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,65860,103,65861,65863,65864,504],{},[15,65862,53895],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[491,65865,55147,65866,10564],{"href":56396},[15,65867,52279],{},[35,65869,65871],{"className":37,"code":65870,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,65872,65873,65893,65911,65921],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65874,65875,65877,65879,65881,65883,65885,65887,65889,65891],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65876,3435],{"class":50},[44,65878,55],{"class":54},[44,65880,3440],{"class":62},[44,65882,2807],{"class":452},[44,65884,186],{"class":62},[44,65886,2812],{"class":452},[44,65888,186],{"class":62},[44,65890,2287],{"class":452},[44,65892,3453],{"class":62},[44,65894,65895,65897,65899,65901,65903,65905,65907,65909],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,65896,3467],{"class":50},[44,65898,504],{"class":62},[44,65900,53578],{"class":97},[44,65902,63],{"class":62},[44,65904,1889],{"class":452},[44,65906,186],{"class":62},[44,65908,2282],{"class":452},[44,65910,76],{"class":62},[44,65912,65913,65915,65917,65919],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,65914,82],{"class":58},[44,65916,63],{"class":62},[44,65918,3467],{"class":97},[44,65920,76],{"class":62},[44,65922,65923],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,65924,52350],{"class":3483},[20,65926,103,65927,65930],{},[15,65928,65929],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[30,65932,113,65934,116],{"id":65933},"what-listinsert-does",[15,65935,53538],{},[20,65937,65938,449],{},[15,65939,53538],{},[126,65941,65942,65945,65948,65950],{},[129,65943,65944],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[129,65946,65947],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[129,65949,54055],{},[129,65951,11249,65952],{},[15,65953,3599],{},[20,65955,65956,65957,65959],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,65958,53895],{}," does not create a new list.",[30,65961,5260],{"id":5259},[35,65963,65965],{"className":37,"code":65964,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,65966,65967],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65968,65969,65971,65973,65975,65977,65979,65981,65983],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65970,8164],{"class":50},[44,65972,504],{"class":62},[44,65974,53578],{"class":97},[44,65976,63],{"class":62},[44,65978,35673],{"class":97},[44,65980,186],{"class":62},[44,65982,29337],{"class":97},[44,65984,76],{"class":62},[126,65986,65987,65992,65997],{},[129,65988,65989,65991],{},[15,65990,35673],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[129,65993,65994,65996],{},[15,65995,23139],{}," is the value to add",[129,65998,65999,66000],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66001,1951],{},[20,66003,145],{},[35,66005,66007],{"className":37,"code":66006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66008,66009,66033,66055],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66010,66011,66013,66015,66017,66019,66021,66023,66025,66027,66029,66031],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66012,35915],{"class":50},[44,66014,55],{"class":54},[44,66016,3440],{"class":62},[44,66018,67],{"class":66},[44,66020,491],{"class":70},[44,66022,67],{"class":66},[44,66024,186],{"class":62},[44,66026,1438],{"class":66},[44,66028,9561],{"class":70},[44,66030,67],{"class":66},[44,66032,3453],{"class":62},[44,66034,66035,66037,66039,66041,66043,66045,66047,66049,66051,66053],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,66036,35968],{"class":50},[44,66038,504],{"class":62},[44,66040,53578],{"class":97},[44,66042,63],{"class":62},[44,66044,2807],{"class":452},[44,66046,186],{"class":62},[44,66048,1438],{"class":66},[44,66050,4587],{"class":70},[44,66052,67],{"class":66},[44,66054,76],{"class":62},[44,66056,66057,66059,66061,66063],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,66058,82],{"class":58},[44,66060,63],{"class":62},[44,66062,35968],{"class":97},[44,66064,76],{"class":62},[20,66066,1031],{},[35,66068,66069],{"className":37,"code":42689,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66070,66071],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66072,66073,66075,66077,66079,66081,66083,66085,66087,66089,66091,66093,66095,66097],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66074,3723],{"class":62},[44,66076,476],{"class":66},[44,66078,491],{"class":70},[44,66080,476],{"class":66},[44,66082,186],{"class":62},[44,66084,470],{"class":66},[44,66086,4587],{"class":70},[44,66088,476],{"class":66},[44,66090,186],{"class":62},[44,66092,470],{"class":66},[44,66094,9561],{"class":70},[44,66096,476],{"class":66},[44,66098,3453],{"class":62},[20,66100,20599,66101,66103,66104,66106,66107,1126,66109,504],{},[15,66102,65225],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66105,2807],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66108,17926],{},[15,66110,66111],{},"\"c\"",[30,66113,5616],{"id":5615},[20,66115,66116],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[35,66118,66120],{"className":37,"code":66119,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66121,66122,66154,66172,66176,66198],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66123,66124,66126,66128,66130,66132,66134,66136,66138,66140,66142,66144,66146,66148,66150,66152],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66125,12901],{"class":50},[44,66127,55],{"class":54},[44,66129,3440],{"class":62},[44,66131,67],{"class":66},[44,66133,12918],{"class":70},[44,66135,67],{"class":66},[44,66137,186],{"class":62},[44,66139,1438],{"class":66},[44,66141,12935],{"class":70},[44,66143,67],{"class":66},[44,66145,186],{"class":62},[44,66147,1438],{"class":66},[44,66149,17285],{"class":70},[44,66151,67],{"class":66},[44,66153,3453],{"class":62},[44,66155,66156,66158,66160,66162,66164,66166,66168,66170],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,66157,82],{"class":58},[44,66159,63],{"class":62},[44,66161,67],{"class":66},[44,66163,11389],{"class":70},[44,66165,67],{"class":66},[44,66167,186],{"class":62},[44,66169,12949],{"class":97},[44,66171,76],{"class":62},[44,66173,66174],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,66175,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,66177,66178,66180,66182,66184,66186,66188,66190,66192,66194,66196],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,66179,17332],{"class":50},[44,66181,504],{"class":62},[44,66183,53578],{"class":97},[44,66185,63],{"class":62},[44,66187,2807],{"class":452},[44,66189,186],{"class":62},[44,66191,1438],{"class":66},[44,66193,22352],{"class":70},[44,66195,67],{"class":66},[44,66197,76],{"class":62},[44,66199,66200,66202,66204,66206,66209,66211,66213,66215],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,66201,82],{"class":58},[44,66203,63],{"class":62},[44,66205,67],{"class":66},[44,66207,66208],{"class":70},"After: ",[44,66210,67],{"class":66},[44,66212,186],{"class":62},[44,66214,12949],{"class":97},[44,66216,76],{"class":62},[20,66218,1031],{},[35,66220,66222],{"className":37,"code":66221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66223,66224,66256],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66225,66226,66228,66230,66232,66234,66236,66238,66240,66242,66244,66246,66248,66250,66252,66254],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66227,11449],{"class":50},[44,66229,449],{"class":62},[44,66231,3440],{"class":62},[44,66233,476],{"class":66},[44,66235,12918],{"class":70},[44,66237,476],{"class":66},[44,66239,186],{"class":62},[44,66241,470],{"class":66},[44,66243,12935],{"class":70},[44,66245,476],{"class":66},[44,66247,186],{"class":62},[44,66249,470],{"class":66},[44,66251,17285],{"class":70},[44,66253,476],{"class":66},[44,66255,3453],{"class":62},[44,66257,66258,66260,66262,66265,66267,66269,66271,66273,66275,66277,66279,66281,66283,66285,66287,66289,66291,66293,66295],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,66259,11502],{"class":50},[44,66261,449],{"class":62},[44,66263,66264],{"class":62},"  [",[44,66266,476],{"class":66},[44,66268,12918],{"class":70},[44,66270,476],{"class":66},[44,66272,186],{"class":62},[44,66274,470],{"class":66},[44,66276,22352],{"class":70},[44,66278,476],{"class":66},[44,66280,186],{"class":62},[44,66282,470],{"class":66},[44,66284,12935],{"class":70},[44,66286,476],{"class":66},[44,66288,186],{"class":62},[44,66290,470],{"class":66},[44,66292,17285],{"class":70},[44,66294,476],{"class":66},[44,66296,3453],{"class":62},[20,66298,66299,66300,66302],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66301,2807],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[30,66304,66306],{"id":66305},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66308,22,66309,35156,66311,66314],{},[15,66310,35673],{},[15,66312,66313],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[600,66316,66318],{"id":66317},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66320,66321,66322,66324],{},"Use index ",[15,66323,1951],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[35,66326,66328],{"className":37,"code":66327,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66329,66330,66351,66370],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66331,66332,66335,66337,66339,66341,66343,66345,66347,66349],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66333,66334],{"class":50},"nums ",[44,66336,55],{"class":54},[44,66338,3440],{"class":62},[44,66340,1889],{"class":452},[44,66342,186],{"class":62},[44,66344,2282],{"class":452},[44,66346,186],{"class":62},[44,66348,2287],{"class":452},[44,66350,3453],{"class":62},[44,66352,66353,66356,66358,66360,66362,66364,66366,66368],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,66354,66355],{"class":50},"nums",[44,66357,504],{"class":62},[44,66359,53578],{"class":97},[44,66361,63],{"class":62},[44,66363,1951],{"class":452},[44,66365,186],{"class":62},[44,66367,711],{"class":452},[44,66369,76],{"class":62},[44,66371,66372,66374,66376,66378],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,66373,82],{"class":58},[44,66375,63],{"class":62},[44,66377,66355],{"class":97},[44,66379,76],{"class":62},[20,66381,1031],{},[35,66383,66384],{"className":37,"code":53132,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66385,66386],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66387,66388,66390,66392,66394,66396,66398,66400,66402,66404],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66389,3723],{"class":62},[44,66391,2807],{"class":452},[44,66393,186],{"class":62},[44,66395,2812],{"class":452},[44,66397,186],{"class":62},[44,66399,2282],{"class":452},[44,66401,186],{"class":62},[44,66403,2287],{"class":452},[44,66405,3453],{"class":62},[600,66407,66409],{"id":66408},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66411,66412],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[35,66414,66416],{"className":37,"code":66415,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66417,66418,66438,66456],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66419,66420,66422,66424,66426,66428,66430,66432,66434,66436],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66421,66334],{"class":50},[44,66423,55],{"class":54},[44,66425,3440],{"class":62},[44,66427,2807],{"class":452},[44,66429,186],{"class":62},[44,66431,2812],{"class":452},[44,66433,186],{"class":62},[44,66435,2287],{"class":452},[44,66437,3453],{"class":62},[44,66439,66440,66442,66444,66446,66448,66450,66452,66454],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,66441,66355],{"class":50},[44,66443,504],{"class":62},[44,66445,53578],{"class":97},[44,66447,63],{"class":62},[44,66449,1889],{"class":452},[44,66451,186],{"class":62},[44,66453,2282],{"class":452},[44,66455,76],{"class":62},[44,66457,66458,66460,66462,66464],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,66459,82],{"class":58},[44,66461,63],{"class":62},[44,66463,66355],{"class":97},[44,66465,76],{"class":62},[20,66467,1031],{},[35,66469,66470],{"className":37,"code":53132,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66471,66472],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66473,66474,66476,66478,66480,66482,66484,66486,66488,66490],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66475,3723],{"class":62},[44,66477,2807],{"class":452},[44,66479,186],{"class":62},[44,66481,2812],{"class":452},[44,66483,186],{"class":62},[44,66485,2282],{"class":452},[44,66487,186],{"class":62},[44,66489,2287],{"class":452},[44,66491,3453],{"class":62},[600,66493,66495],{"id":66494},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66497,66498],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[35,66500,66502],{"className":37,"code":66501,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66503,66504,66524,66542],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66505,66506,66508,66510,66512,66514,66516,66518,66520,66522],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66507,66334],{"class":50},[44,66509,55],{"class":54},[44,66511,3440],{"class":62},[44,66513,2807],{"class":452},[44,66515,186],{"class":62},[44,66517,2812],{"class":452},[44,66519,186],{"class":62},[44,66521,2282],{"class":452},[44,66523,3453],{"class":62},[44,66525,66526,66528,66530,66532,66534,66536,66538,66540],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,66527,66355],{"class":50},[44,66529,504],{"class":62},[44,66531,53578],{"class":97},[44,66533,63],{"class":62},[44,66535,2161],{"class":452},[44,66537,186],{"class":62},[44,66539,2287],{"class":452},[44,66541,76],{"class":62},[44,66543,66544,66546,66548,66550],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,66545,82],{"class":58},[44,66547,63],{"class":62},[44,66549,66355],{"class":97},[44,66551,76],{"class":62},[20,66553,1031],{},[35,66555,66556],{"className":37,"code":53132,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66557,66558],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66559,66560,66562,66564,66566,66568,66570,66572,66574,66576],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66561,3723],{"class":62},[44,66563,2807],{"class":452},[44,66565,186],{"class":62},[44,66567,2812],{"class":452},[44,66569,186],{"class":62},[44,66571,2282],{"class":452},[44,66573,186],{"class":62},[44,66575,2287],{"class":452},[44,66577,3453],{"class":62},[600,66579,66581],{"id":66580},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66583,66584,66585,66587],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66586,53895],{}," places the item before that position.",[35,66589,66591],{"className":37,"code":66590,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66592,66593,66625,66649],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66594,66595,66597,66599,66601,66603,66605,66607,66609,66611,66613,66615,66617,66619,66621,66623],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66596,35915],{"class":50},[44,66598,55],{"class":54},[44,66600,3440],{"class":62},[44,66602,67],{"class":66},[44,66604,491],{"class":70},[44,66606,67],{"class":66},[44,66608,186],{"class":62},[44,66610,1438],{"class":66},[44,66612,4587],{"class":70},[44,66614,67],{"class":66},[44,66616,186],{"class":62},[44,66618,1438],{"class":66},[44,66620,18598],{"class":70},[44,66622,67],{"class":66},[44,66624,3453],{"class":62},[44,66626,66627,66629,66631,66633,66635,66637,66639,66641,66643,66645,66647],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,66628,35968],{"class":50},[44,66630,504],{"class":62},[44,66632,53578],{"class":97},[44,66634,63],{"class":62},[44,66636,1854],{"class":54},[44,66638,2807],{"class":452},[44,66640,186],{"class":62},[44,66642,1438],{"class":66},[44,66644,9561],{"class":70},[44,66646,67],{"class":66},[44,66648,76],{"class":62},[44,66650,66651,66653,66655,66657],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,66652,82],{"class":58},[44,66654,63],{"class":62},[44,66656,35968],{"class":97},[44,66658,76],{"class":62},[20,66660,1031],{},[35,66662,66664],{"className":37,"code":66663,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,66665,66666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66667,66668,66670,66672,66674,66676,66678,66680,66682,66684,66686,66688,66690,66692,66694,66696,66698,66700],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66669,3723],{"class":62},[44,66671,476],{"class":66},[44,66673,491],{"class":70},[44,66675,476],{"class":66},[44,66677,186],{"class":62},[44,66679,470],{"class":66},[44,66681,4587],{"class":70},[44,66683,476],{"class":66},[44,66685,186],{"class":62},[44,66687,470],{"class":66},[44,66689,9561],{"class":70},[44,66691,476],{"class":66},[44,66693,186],{"class":62},[44,66695,470],{"class":66},[44,66697,18598],{"class":70},[44,66699,476],{"class":66},[44,66701,3453],{"class":62},[20,66703,66704,66705,2134],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[491,66706,66707],{"href":50605},"Python lists beginner guide",[30,66709,66711,10408,66713],{"id":66710},"insert-vs-append",[15,66712,53895],{},[15,66714,52279],{},[20,66716,66717],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[600,66719,103,66721,10424],{"id":66720},"use-insert-when",[15,66722,53895],{},[126,66724,66725,66728],{},[129,66726,66727],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[129,66729,66730],{},"The order of the list matters",[600,66732,103,66734,10424],{"id":66733},"use-append-when",[15,66735,52279],{},[126,66737,66738,66741],{},[129,66739,66740],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[129,66742,66743],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,66745,145],{},[35,66747,66749],{"className":37,"code":66748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,66750,66751,66775,66779,66801,66811,66815,66833],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66752,66753,66755,66757,66759,66761,66763,66765,66767,66769,66771,66773],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66754,7609],{"class":50},[44,66756,55],{"class":54},[44,66758,3440],{"class":62},[44,66760,67],{"class":66},[44,66762,3903],{"class":70},[44,66764,67],{"class":66},[44,66766,186],{"class":62},[44,66768,1438],{"class":66},[44,66770,33046],{"class":70},[44,66772,67],{"class":66},[44,66774,3453],{"class":62},[44,66776,66777],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,66778,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,66780,66781,66783,66785,66787,66789,66791,66793,66795,66797,66799],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,66782,7640],{"class":50},[44,66784,504],{"class":62},[44,66786,53578],{"class":97},[44,66788,63],{"class":62},[44,66790,2807],{"class":452},[44,66792,186],{"class":62},[44,66794,1438],{"class":66},[44,66796,3912],{"class":70},[44,66798,67],{"class":66},[44,66800,76],{"class":62},[44,66802,66803,66805,66807,66809],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,66804,82],{"class":58},[44,66806,63],{"class":62},[44,66808,7640],{"class":97},[44,66810,76],{"class":62},[44,66812,66813],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,66814,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,66816,66817,66819,66821,66823,66825,66827,66829,66831],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,66818,7640],{"class":50},[44,66820,504],{"class":62},[44,66822,13379],{"class":97},[44,66824,63],{"class":62},[44,66826,67],{"class":66},[44,66828,22361],{"class":70},[44,66830,67],{"class":66},[44,66832,76],{"class":62},[44,66834,66835,66837,66839,66841],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,66836,82],{"class":58},[44,66838,63],{"class":62},[44,66840,7640],{"class":97},[44,66842,76],{"class":62},[20,66844,1031],{},[35,66846,66848],{"className":37,"code":66847,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,66849,66850,66878],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66851,66852,66854,66856,66858,66860,66862,66864,66866,66868,66870,66872,66874,66876],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66853,3723],{"class":62},[44,66855,476],{"class":66},[44,66857,3903],{"class":70},[44,66859,476],{"class":66},[44,66861,186],{"class":62},[44,66863,470],{"class":66},[44,66865,3912],{"class":70},[44,66867,476],{"class":66},[44,66869,186],{"class":62},[44,66871,470],{"class":66},[44,66873,33046],{"class":70},[44,66875,476],{"class":66},[44,66877,3453],{"class":62},[44,66879,66880,66882,66884,66886,66888,66890,66892,66894,66896,66898,66900,66902,66904,66906,66908,66910,66912],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,66881,3723],{"class":62},[44,66883,476],{"class":66},[44,66885,3903],{"class":70},[44,66887,476],{"class":66},[44,66889,186],{"class":62},[44,66891,470],{"class":66},[44,66893,3912],{"class":70},[44,66895,476],{"class":66},[44,66897,186],{"class":62},[44,66899,470],{"class":66},[44,66901,33046],{"class":70},[44,66903,476],{"class":66},[44,66905,186],{"class":62},[44,66907,470],{"class":66},[44,66909,22361],{"class":70},[44,66911,476],{"class":66},[44,66913,3453],{"class":62},[20,66915,66916,66917,504],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[491,66918,55147,66919,10564],{"href":56396},[15,66920,52279],{},[20,66922,66923,66924,504],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[491,66925,52676],{"href":52675},[30,66927,4344],{"id":4343},[20,66929,14560,66930,504],{},[15,66931,53895],{},[600,66933,12419,66935],{"id":66934},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,66936,53895],{},[20,66938,25520],{},[35,66940,66942],{"className":37,"code":66941,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,66943,66944,66964,66986,66990,67000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66945,66946,66948,66950,66952,66954,66956,66958,66960,66962],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66947,3435],{"class":50},[44,66949,55],{"class":54},[44,66951,3440],{"class":62},[44,66953,2807],{"class":452},[44,66955,186],{"class":62},[44,66957,2812],{"class":452},[44,66959,186],{"class":62},[44,66961,2282],{"class":452},[44,66963,3453],{"class":62},[44,66965,66966,66968,66970,66972,66974,66976,66978,66980,66982,66984],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,66967,2059],{"class":50},[44,66969,55],{"class":54},[44,66971,4088],{"class":50},[44,66973,504],{"class":62},[44,66975,53578],{"class":97},[44,66977,63],{"class":62},[44,66979,2807],{"class":452},[44,66981,186],{"class":62},[44,66983,10019],{"class":452},[44,66985,76],{"class":62},[44,66987,66988],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,66989,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,66991,66992,66994,66996,66998],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,66993,82],{"class":58},[44,66995,63],{"class":62},[44,66997,2094],{"class":97},[44,66999,76],{"class":62},[44,67001,67002,67004,67006,67008],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,67003,82],{"class":58},[44,67005,63],{"class":62},[44,67007,3467],{"class":97},[44,67009,76],{"class":62},[20,67011,1031],{},[35,67013,67015],{"className":37,"code":67014,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67016,67017,67021],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67018,67019],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67020,11633],{"class":3674},[44,67022,67023,67025,67027,67029,67031,67033,67035,67037,67039],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,67024,3723],{"class":62},[44,67026,2807],{"class":452},[44,67028,186],{"class":62},[44,67030,10019],{"class":452},[44,67032,186],{"class":62},[44,67034,2812],{"class":452},[44,67036,186],{"class":62},[44,67038,2282],{"class":452},[44,67040,3453],{"class":62},[20,67042,67043,53780,67045,504],{},[15,67044,53895],{},[15,67046,3599],{},[20,67048,16472],{},[35,67050,67052],{"className":37,"code":67051,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67053,67054],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67055,67056,67058,67060,67062,67064,67066,67068,67070,67072,67074],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67057,55517],{"class":50},[44,67059,55],{"class":54},[44,67061,4088],{"class":50},[44,67063,504],{"class":62},[44,67065,53578],{"class":97},[44,67067,63],{"class":62},[44,67069,2807],{"class":452},[44,67071,186],{"class":62},[44,67073,10019],{"class":452},[44,67075,76],{"class":62},[20,67077,67078],{},"Right:",[35,67080,67082],{"className":37,"code":67081,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67083,67084],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67085,67086,67088,67090,67092,67094,67096,67098,67100],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67087,3467],{"class":50},[44,67089,504],{"class":62},[44,67091,53578],{"class":97},[44,67093,63],{"class":62},[44,67095,2807],{"class":452},[44,67097,186],{"class":62},[44,67099,10019],{"class":452},[44,67101,76],{"class":62},[600,67103,67105],{"id":67104},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67107,67108],{},"The correct order is:",[35,67110,67111],{"className":37,"code":65964,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67112,67113],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67114,67115,67117,67119,67121,67123,67125,67127,67129],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67116,8164],{"class":50},[44,67118,504],{"class":62},[44,67120,53578],{"class":97},[44,67122,63],{"class":62},[44,67124,35673],{"class":97},[44,67126,186],{"class":62},[44,67128,29337],{"class":97},[44,67130,76],{"class":62},[20,67132,67133],{},"Not:",[35,67135,67137],{"className":37,"code":67136,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67138,67139],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67140,67141,67143,67145,67147,67149,67151,67153,67155],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67142,8164],{"class":50},[44,67144,504],{"class":62},[44,67146,53578],{"class":97},[44,67148,63],{"class":62},[44,67150,23139],{"class":97},[44,67152,186],{"class":62},[44,67154,35648],{"class":97},[44,67156,76],{"class":62},[20,67158,145],{},[35,67160,67161],{"className":37,"code":66006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67162,67163,67187,67209],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67164,67165,67167,67169,67171,67173,67175,67177,67179,67181,67183,67185],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67166,35915],{"class":50},[44,67168,55],{"class":54},[44,67170,3440],{"class":62},[44,67172,67],{"class":66},[44,67174,491],{"class":70},[44,67176,67],{"class":66},[44,67178,186],{"class":62},[44,67180,1438],{"class":66},[44,67182,9561],{"class":70},[44,67184,67],{"class":66},[44,67186,3453],{"class":62},[44,67188,67189,67191,67193,67195,67197,67199,67201,67203,67205,67207],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,67190,35968],{"class":50},[44,67192,504],{"class":62},[44,67194,53578],{"class":97},[44,67196,63],{"class":62},[44,67198,2807],{"class":452},[44,67200,186],{"class":62},[44,67202,1438],{"class":66},[44,67204,4587],{"class":70},[44,67206,67],{"class":66},[44,67208,76],{"class":62},[44,67210,67211,67213,67215,67217],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,67212,82],{"class":58},[44,67214,63],{"class":62},[44,67216,35968],{"class":97},[44,67218,76],{"class":62},[20,67220,1031],{},[35,67222,67223],{"className":37,"code":42689,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67224,67225],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67226,67227,67229,67231,67233,67235,67237,67239,67241,67243,67245,67247,67249,67251],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67228,3723],{"class":62},[44,67230,476],{"class":66},[44,67232,491],{"class":70},[44,67234,476],{"class":66},[44,67236,186],{"class":62},[44,67238,470],{"class":66},[44,67240,4587],{"class":70},[44,67242,476],{"class":66},[44,67244,186],{"class":62},[44,67246,470],{"class":66},[44,67248,9561],{"class":70},[44,67250,476],{"class":66},[44,67252,3453],{"class":62},[600,67254,8279,67256,67258],{"id":67255},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67257,53895],{}," to replace an item",[20,67260,67261,67263],{},[15,67262,53895],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[35,67265,67267],{"className":37,"code":67266,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67268,67269,67289,67307],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67270,67271,67273,67275,67277,67279,67281,67283,67285,67287],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67272,3435],{"class":50},[44,67274,55],{"class":54},[44,67276,3440],{"class":62},[44,67278,2807],{"class":452},[44,67280,186],{"class":62},[44,67282,2812],{"class":452},[44,67284,186],{"class":62},[44,67286,2282],{"class":452},[44,67288,3453],{"class":62},[44,67290,67291,67293,67295,67297,67299,67301,67303,67305],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,67292,3467],{"class":50},[44,67294,504],{"class":62},[44,67296,53578],{"class":97},[44,67298,63],{"class":62},[44,67300,2807],{"class":452},[44,67302,186],{"class":62},[44,67304,10019],{"class":452},[44,67306,76],{"class":62},[44,67308,67309,67311,67313,67315],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,67310,82],{"class":58},[44,67312,63],{"class":62},[44,67314,3467],{"class":97},[44,67316,76],{"class":62},[20,67318,1031],{},[35,67320,67322],{"className":37,"code":67321,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67323,67324],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67325,67326,67328,67330,67332,67334,67336,67338,67340,67342],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67327,3723],{"class":62},[44,67329,2807],{"class":452},[44,67331,186],{"class":62},[44,67333,10019],{"class":452},[44,67335,186],{"class":62},[44,67337,2812],{"class":452},[44,67339,186],{"class":62},[44,67341,2282],{"class":452},[44,67343,3453],{"class":62},[20,67345,67346],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[35,67348,67350],{"className":37,"code":67349,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67351,67352,67372,67386],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67353,67354,67356,67358,67360,67362,67364,67366,67368,67370],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67355,3435],{"class":50},[44,67357,55],{"class":54},[44,67359,3440],{"class":62},[44,67361,2807],{"class":452},[44,67363,186],{"class":62},[44,67365,2812],{"class":452},[44,67367,186],{"class":62},[44,67369,2282],{"class":452},[44,67371,3453],{"class":62},[44,67373,67374,67376,67378,67380,67382,67384],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,67375,3467],{"class":50},[44,67377,3723],{"class":62},[44,67379,2807],{"class":452},[44,67381,13099],{"class":62},[44,67383,13102],{"class":54},[44,67385,13957],{"class":452},[44,67387,67388,67390,67392,67394],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,67389,82],{"class":58},[44,67391,63],{"class":62},[44,67393,3467],{"class":97},[44,67395,76],{"class":62},[20,67397,1031],{},[35,67399,67401],{"className":37,"code":67400,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67402,67403],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67404,67405,67407,67409,67411,67413,67415,67417],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67406,3723],{"class":62},[44,67408,2807],{"class":452},[44,67410,186],{"class":62},[44,67412,10019],{"class":452},[44,67414,186],{"class":62},[44,67416,2282],{"class":452},[44,67418,3453],{"class":62},[600,67420,67422],{"id":67421},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67424,67425,67427],{},[15,67426,53895],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67429,67430],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[35,67432,67434],{"className":37,"code":67433,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67435,67436,67452,67476],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67437,67438,67440,67442,67444,67446,67448,67450],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67439,3435],{"class":50},[44,67441,55],{"class":54},[44,67443,3440],{"class":62},[44,67445,2807],{"class":452},[44,67447,186],{"class":62},[44,67449,2287],{"class":452},[44,67451,3453],{"class":62},[44,67453,67454,67456,67458,67460,67462,67464,67466,67468,67470,67472,67474],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,67455,3467],{"class":50},[44,67457,504],{"class":62},[44,67459,53578],{"class":97},[44,67461,63],{"class":62},[44,67463,2807],{"class":452},[44,67465,186],{"class":62},[44,67467,3440],{"class":62},[44,67469,1889],{"class":452},[44,67471,186],{"class":62},[44,67473,2282],{"class":452},[44,67475,3711],{"class":62},[44,67477,67478,67480,67482,67484],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,67479,82],{"class":58},[44,67481,63],{"class":62},[44,67483,3467],{"class":97},[44,67485,76],{"class":62},[20,67487,1031],{},[35,67489,67491],{"className":37,"code":67490,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67492,67493],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67494,67495,67497,67499,67501,67503,67505,67507,67509,67511,67513],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67496,3723],{"class":62},[44,67498,2807],{"class":452},[44,67500,186],{"class":62},[44,67502,3440],{"class":62},[44,67504,1889],{"class":452},[44,67506,186],{"class":62},[44,67508,2282],{"class":452},[44,67510,17892],{"class":62},[44,67512,2287],{"class":452},[44,67514,3453],{"class":62},[20,67516,67517,67518,504],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[491,67519,55147,67520,10564],{"href":52971},[15,67521,53073],{},[600,67523,67525],{"id":67524},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67527,8700,67528,67530],{},[15,67529,53895],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[35,67532,67534],{"className":37,"code":67533,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67535,67536,67546,67560,67578,67592],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67537,67538,67540,67542,67544],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67539,82],{"class":58},[44,67541,63],{"class":62},[44,67543,8164],{"class":97},[44,67545,76],{"class":62},[44,67547,67548,67550,67552,67554,67556,67558],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,67549,82],{"class":58},[44,67551,63],{"class":62},[44,67553,10986],{"class":58},[44,67555,63],{"class":62},[44,67557,8164],{"class":97},[44,67559,434],{"class":62},[44,67561,67562,67564,67566,67568,67570,67572,67574,67576],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,67563,82],{"class":58},[44,67565,63],{"class":62},[44,67567,8164],{"class":97},[44,67569,504],{"class":62},[44,67571,53578],{"class":24579},[44,67573,504],{"class":62},[44,67575,34272],{"class":34279},[44,67577,76],{"class":62},[44,67579,67580,67582,67584,67586,67588,67590],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,67581,31978],{"class":58},[44,67583,63],{"class":62},[44,67585,7921],{"class":426},[44,67587,504],{"class":62},[44,67589,53578],{"class":24579},[44,67591,76],{"class":62},[44,67593,67594,67596,67598,67600],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,67595,427],{"class":426},[44,67597,63],{"class":62},[44,67599,8164],{"class":97},[44,67601,76],{"class":62},[20,67603,67604],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[126,67606,67607,67610,67613,67616],{},[129,67608,67609],{},"What is currently in the list",[129,67611,67612],{},"How long the list is",[129,67614,67615],{},"That you are working with a real list",[129,67617,67618],{},"How Python describes the method",[30,67620,4788,67622],{"id":67621},"when-to-use-insert",[15,67623,53895],{},[20,67625,103,67626,67628],{},[15,67627,53895],{}," when position matters.",[20,67630,36251],{},[126,67632,67633,67636,67639,67642],{},[129,67634,67635],{},"Ordered menus",[129,67637,67638],{},"Rankings or score lists",[129,67640,67641],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[129,67643,67644],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,67646,67647,67648,67650,67651,67653,67654,67656],{},"You usually do ",[3563,67649,4457],{}," need ",[15,67652,53895],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,67655,52279],{}," is simpler.",[20,67658,67659,67660,504],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[491,67661,56782],{"href":56781},[30,67663,1651],{"id":1650},[600,67665,1655,67667,55096],{"id":67666},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,67668,53538],{},[20,67670,67671,67672,504],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,67673,3599],{},[600,67675,67677],{"id":67676},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,67679,67680],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[600,67682,4997,67684,67686],{"id":67683},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,67685,53538],{}," add multiple items?",[20,67688,67689,67690,67692],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,67691,53073],{}," or slicing.",[600,67694,5007,67696,1126,67698,213],{"id":67695},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,67697,53895],{},[15,67699,52279],{},[20,67701,67702,67704,67705,67707],{},[15,67703,53895],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,67706,52279],{}," adds only at the end.",[30,67709,1719],{"id":1718},[126,67711,67712,67718,67724,67728,67732,67736],{},[129,67713,67714],{},[491,67715,55147,67716,10564],{"href":56396},[15,67717,52279],{},[129,67719,67720],{},[491,67721,55147,67722,10564],{"href":52971},[15,67723,53073],{},[129,67725,67726],{},[491,67727,53905],{"href":52675},[129,67729,67730],{},[491,67731,52398],{"href":50605},[129,67733,67734],{},[491,67735,56856],{"href":56781},[129,67737,67738],{},[491,67739,30174,67740,33459],{"href":53923},[15,67741,67742],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1758,67744,67745],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":67747},[67748,67750,67751,67752,67758,67765,67774,67776,67785],{"id":65933,"depth":79,"text":67749},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5259,"depth":79,"text":5260},{"id":5615,"depth":79,"text":5616},{"id":66305,"depth":79,"text":66306,"children":67753},[67754,67755,67756,67757],{"id":66317,"depth":419,"text":66318},{"id":66408,"depth":419,"text":66409},{"id":66494,"depth":419,"text":66495},{"id":66580,"depth":419,"text":66581},{"id":66710,"depth":79,"text":67759,"children":67760},"insert() vs append()",[67761,67763],{"id":66720,"depth":419,"text":67762},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66733,"depth":419,"text":67764},"Use append() when:",{"id":4343,"depth":79,"text":4344,"children":67766},[67767,67769,67770,67772,67773],{"id":66934,"depth":419,"text":67768},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67104,"depth":419,"text":67105},{"id":67255,"depth":419,"text":67771},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67421,"depth":419,"text":67422},{"id":67524,"depth":419,"text":67525},{"id":67621,"depth":79,"text":67775},"When to use insert()",{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":67777},[67778,67780,67781,67783],{"id":67666,"depth":419,"text":67779},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67676,"depth":419,"text":67677},{"id":67683,"depth":419,"text":67782},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67695,"depth":419,"text":67784},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":65843,"description":67786},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":67793,"title":67794,"body":67795,"description":69350,"extension":1796,"meta":69351,"navigation":807,"path":58601,"seo":69352,"stem":69353,"__hash__":69354},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":67796,"toc":69323},[67797,67803,67812,67861,67863,67871,67877,67879,67897,67903,67908,67911,67914,67929,67931,67983,67985,67993,68001,68008,68010,68016,68081,68083,68091,68093,68112,68115,68166,68170,68175,68202,68204,68212,68215,68284,68286,68301,68307,68311,68320,68323,68378,68380,68388,68391,68393,68438,68440,68448,68454,68456,68464,68467,68469,68508,68510,68549,68554,68556,68558,68593,68596,68598,68636,68640,68646,68648,68699,68701,68709,68716,68719,68740,68743,68798,68809,68811,68872,68874,68883,68890,68896,68899,68902,68959,68962,68975,68982,68988,68994,68996,69009,69012,69109,69111,69128,69131,69213,69215,69237,69244,69250,69252,69256,69262,69268,69273,69277,69280,69286,69293,69295,69320],[10,67798,67800,67801,3480],{"id":67799},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,67802,10986],{},[20,67804,67805,67806,67808,67809,67811],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,67807,42175],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,67810,42175],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[35,67813,67815],{"className":37,"code":67814,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,67816,67817,67837,67851],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67818,67819,67821,67823,67825,67827,67829,67831,67833,67835],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67820,3435],{"class":50},[44,67822,55],{"class":54},[44,67824,3440],{"class":62},[44,67826,2161],{"class":452},[44,67828,186],{"class":62},[44,67830,7620],{"class":452},[44,67832,186],{"class":62},[44,67834,7625],{"class":452},[44,67836,3453],{"class":62},[44,67838,67839,67841,67843,67845,67847,67849],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,67840,41064],{"class":50},[44,67842,55],{"class":54},[44,67844,38212],{"class":58},[44,67846,63],{"class":62},[44,67848,3467],{"class":97},[44,67850,76],{"class":62},[44,67852,67853,67855,67857,67859],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,67854,82],{"class":58},[44,67856,63],{"class":62},[44,67858,41082],{"class":97},[44,67860,76],{"class":62},[20,67862,1031],{},[35,67864,67865],{"className":37,"code":46241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67866,67867],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67868,67869],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67870,46241],{"class":452},[20,67872,103,67873,67876],{},[15,67874,67875],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[30,67878,14990],{"id":14989},[126,67880,67881,67886,67891,67894],{},[129,67882,4023,67883,67885],{},[15,67884,42175],{}," works with Python lists",[129,67887,67888,67889,370],{},"What value ",[15,67890,42175],{},[129,67892,67893],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[129,67895,67896],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[30,67898,113,67900,67902],{"id":67899},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,67901,42175],{}," returns for a list",[20,67904,67905,64715],{},[15,67906,67907],{},"len(my_list)",[20,67909,67910],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,67912,67913],{},"A few important points:",[126,67915,67916,67919,67924],{},[129,67917,67918],{},"It counts list items",[129,67920,40730,67921,67923],{},[3563,67922,4457],{}," count characters inside a string item",[129,67925,67926,67927],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,67928,1951],{},[20,67930,145],{},[35,67932,67934],{"className":37,"code":67933,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,67935,67936,67969],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67937,67938,67940,67942,67944,67946,67948,67950,67952,67954,67957,67959,67961,67963,67965,67967],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67939,3894],{"class":50},[44,67941,55],{"class":54},[44,67943,3440],{"class":62},[44,67945,67],{"class":66},[44,67947,36873],{"class":70},[44,67949,67],{"class":66},[44,67951,186],{"class":62},[44,67953,1438],{"class":66},[44,67955,67956],{"class":70},"elephant",[44,67958,67],{"class":66},[44,67960,186],{"class":62},[44,67962,1438],{"class":66},[44,67964,57755],{"class":70},[44,67966,67],{"class":66},[44,67968,3453],{"class":62},[44,67970,67971,67973,67975,67977,67979,67981],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,67972,82],{"class":58},[44,67974,63],{"class":62},[44,67976,10986],{"class":58},[44,67978,63],{"class":62},[44,67980,3938],{"class":97},[44,67982,434],{"class":62},[20,67984,1031],{},[35,67986,67987],{"className":37,"code":46241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67988,67989],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67990,67991],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67992,46241],{"class":452},[20,67994,20806,67995,67998,67999,64722],{},[15,67996,67997],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[3563,68000,52283],{},[20,68002,68003,68004,504],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[491,68005,13,68006,1738],{"href":42172},[15,68007,42175],{},[30,68009,5616],{"id":5615},[20,68011,68012,68013,68015],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68014,42175],{},", and print the result.",[35,68017,68019],{"className":37,"code":68018,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68020,68021,68053,68067,68071],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68022,68023,68025,68027,68029,68031,68033,68035,68037,68039,68041,68043,68045,68047,68049,68051],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68024,12901],{"class":50},[44,68026,55],{"class":54},[44,68028,3440],{"class":62},[44,68030,67],{"class":66},[44,68032,12918],{"class":70},[44,68034,67],{"class":66},[44,68036,186],{"class":62},[44,68038,1438],{"class":66},[44,68040,17285],{"class":70},[44,68042,67],{"class":66},[44,68044,186],{"class":62},[44,68046,1438],{"class":66},[44,68048,12935],{"class":70},[44,68050,67],{"class":66},[44,68052,3453],{"class":62},[44,68054,68055,68057,68059,68061,68063,68065],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,68056,41064],{"class":50},[44,68058,55],{"class":54},[44,68060,38212],{"class":58},[44,68062,63],{"class":62},[44,68064,17332],{"class":97},[44,68066,76],{"class":62},[44,68068,68069],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,68070,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,68072,68073,68075,68077,68079],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,68074,82],{"class":58},[44,68076,63],{"class":62},[44,68078,41082],{"class":97},[44,68080,76],{"class":62},[20,68082,1031],{},[35,68084,68085],{"className":37,"code":46241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68086,68087],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68088,68089],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68090,46241],{"class":452},[20,68092,11509],{},[126,68094,68095,68100,68107],{},[129,68096,68097,68099],{},[15,68098,17332],{}," is a list with 3 items",[129,68101,68102,2228,68105],{},[15,68103,68104],{},"len(colors)",[15,68106,1894],{},[129,68108,68109,68110],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68111,41082],{},[20,68113,68114],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[35,68116,68118],{"className":37,"code":68117,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68119,68120,68152],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68121,68122,68124,68126,68128,68130,68132,68134,68136,68138,68140,68142,68144,68146,68148,68150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68123,12901],{"class":50},[44,68125,55],{"class":54},[44,68127,3440],{"class":62},[44,68129,67],{"class":66},[44,68131,12918],{"class":70},[44,68133,67],{"class":66},[44,68135,186],{"class":62},[44,68137,1438],{"class":66},[44,68139,17285],{"class":70},[44,68141,67],{"class":66},[44,68143,186],{"class":62},[44,68145,1438],{"class":66},[44,68147,12935],{"class":70},[44,68149,67],{"class":66},[44,68151,3453],{"class":62},[44,68153,68154,68156,68158,68160,68162,68164],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,68155,82],{"class":58},[44,68157,63],{"class":62},[44,68159,10986],{"class":58},[44,68161,63],{"class":62},[44,68163,17332],{"class":97},[44,68165,434],{"class":62},[30,68167,68169],{"id":68168},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68171,68172,68173,504],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68174,1951],{},[35,68176,68178],{"className":37,"code":68177,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68179,68180,68188],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68181,68182,68184,68186],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68183,7609],{"class":50},[44,68185,55],{"class":54},[44,68187,7669],{"class":62},[44,68189,68190,68192,68194,68196,68198,68200],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,68191,82],{"class":58},[44,68193,63],{"class":62},[44,68195,10986],{"class":58},[44,68197,63],{"class":62},[44,68199,7640],{"class":97},[44,68201,434],{"class":62},[20,68203,1031],{},[35,68205,68206],{"className":37,"code":46876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68207,68208],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68209,68210],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68211,46876],{"class":452},[20,68213,68214],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[35,68216,68218],{"className":37,"code":68217,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68219,68220,68228,68232,68250,68264,68270],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68221,68222,68224,68226],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68223,7609],{"class":50},[44,68225,55],{"class":54},[44,68227,7669],{"class":62},[44,68229,68230],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,68231,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,68233,68234,68236,68238,68240,68242,68244,68246,68248],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,68235,6828],{"class":1384},[44,68237,38212],{"class":58},[44,68239,63],{"class":62},[44,68241,7640],{"class":97},[44,68243,3480],{"class":62},[44,68245,38222],{"class":54},[44,68247,3655],{"class":452},[44,68249,1388],{"class":62},[44,68251,68252,68254,68256,68258,68260,68262],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,68253,1416],{"class":58},[44,68255,63],{"class":62},[44,68257,7640],{"class":97},[44,68259,3723],{"class":62},[44,68261,1951],{"class":452},[44,68263,3711],{"class":62},[44,68265,68266,68268],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,68267,27264],{"class":1384},[44,68269,1388],{"class":62},[44,68271,68272,68274,68276,68278,68280,68282],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,68273,1416],{"class":58},[44,68275,63],{"class":62},[44,68277,67],{"class":66},[44,68279,51442],{"class":70},[44,68281,67],{"class":66},[44,68283,76],{"class":62},[20,68285,1031],{},[35,68287,68289],{"className":37,"code":68288,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The list is empty\n",[15,68290,68291],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68292,68293,68295,68297,68299],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68294,22],{"class":50},[44,68296,7921],{"class":426},[44,68298,7924],{"class":54},[44,68300,7930],{"class":50},[20,68302,68303,68304,68306],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[491,68305,52398],{"href":50605}," is a good next step.",[30,68308,68310],{"id":68309},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68312,68313,68315,68316,68319],{},[15,68314,42175],{}," counts only the ",[3563,68317,68318],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68321,68322],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[35,68324,68326],{"className":37,"code":68325,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68327,68328,68364],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68329,68330,68332,68334,68336,68338,68340,68342,68344,68346,68348,68350,68352,68354,68356,68358,68360,68362],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68331,8988],{"class":50},[44,68333,55],{"class":54},[44,68335,55921],{"class":62},[44,68337,2807],{"class":452},[44,68339,186],{"class":62},[44,68341,2812],{"class":452},[44,68343,17892],{"class":62},[44,68345,3440],{"class":62},[44,68347,1894],{"class":452},[44,68349,186],{"class":62},[44,68351,2287],{"class":452},[44,68353,17892],{"class":62},[44,68355,3440],{"class":62},[44,68357,1129],{"class":452},[44,68359,186],{"class":62},[44,68361,37469],{"class":452},[44,68363,52869],{"class":62},[44,68365,68366,68368,68370,68372,68374,68376],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,68367,82],{"class":58},[44,68369,63],{"class":62},[44,68371,10986],{"class":58},[44,68373,63],{"class":62},[44,68375,9026],{"class":97},[44,68377,434],{"class":62},[20,68379,1031],{},[35,68381,68382],{"className":37,"code":46241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68383,68384],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68385,68386],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68387,46241],{"class":452},[20,68389,68390],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68392,51706],{},[35,68394,68396],{"className":37,"code":68395,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68397,68398,68424],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68399,68400,68402,68404,68406,68408,68410,68412,68414,68416,68418,68420,68422],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68401,59101],{"class":50},[44,68403,55],{"class":54},[44,68405,3440],{"class":62},[44,68407,2807],{"class":452},[44,68409,186],{"class":62},[44,68411,3440],{"class":62},[44,68413,1889],{"class":452},[44,68415,186],{"class":62},[44,68417,2282],{"class":452},[44,68419,17892],{"class":62},[44,68421,2287],{"class":452},[44,68423,3453],{"class":62},[44,68425,68426,68428,68430,68432,68434,68436],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,68427,82],{"class":58},[44,68429,63],{"class":62},[44,68431,10986],{"class":58},[44,68433,63],{"class":62},[44,68435,59154],{"class":97},[44,68437,434],{"class":62},[20,68439,1031],{},[35,68441,68442],{"className":37,"code":46241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68443,68444],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68445,68446],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68447,46241],{"class":452},[20,68449,20806,68450,68453],{},[15,68451,68452],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[30,68455,4344],{"id":4343},[600,68457,8243,68459,10916,68462],{"id":68458},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68460,68461],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68463,67907],{},[20,68465,68466],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68468,16472],{},[35,68470,68472],{"className":37,"code":68471,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68473,68474,68494],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68475,68476,68478,68480,68482,68484,68486,68488,68490,68492],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68477,3435],{"class":50},[44,68479,55],{"class":54},[44,68481,3440],{"class":62},[44,68483,2161],{"class":452},[44,68485,186],{"class":62},[44,68487,7620],{"class":452},[44,68489,186],{"class":62},[44,68491,7625],{"class":452},[44,68493,3453],{"class":62},[44,68495,68496,68498,68500,68502,68504,68506],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,68497,82],{"class":58},[44,68499,63],{"class":62},[44,68501,3467],{"class":97},[44,68503,504],{"class":62},[44,68505,10986],{"class":97},[44,68507,7025],{"class":62},[20,68509,16484],{},[35,68511,68513],{"className":37,"code":68512,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68514,68515,68535],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68516,68517,68519,68521,68523,68525,68527,68529,68531,68533],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68518,3435],{"class":50},[44,68520,55],{"class":54},[44,68522,3440],{"class":62},[44,68524,2161],{"class":452},[44,68526,186],{"class":62},[44,68528,7620],{"class":452},[44,68530,186],{"class":62},[44,68532,7625],{"class":452},[44,68534,3453],{"class":62},[44,68536,68537,68539,68541,68543,68545,68547],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,68538,82],{"class":58},[44,68540,63],{"class":62},[44,68542,10986],{"class":58},[44,68544,63],{"class":62},[44,68546,3467],{"class":97},[44,68548,434],{"class":62},[20,68550,68551,68553],{},[15,68552,42175],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[600,68555,25517],{"id":25516},[20,68557,16472],{},[35,68559,68561],{"className":37,"code":68560,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68562,68563,68583],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68564,68565,68567,68569,68571,68573,68575,68577,68579,68581],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68566,3435],{"class":50},[44,68568,55],{"class":54},[44,68570,3440],{"class":62},[44,68572,2161],{"class":452},[44,68574,186],{"class":62},[44,68576,7620],{"class":452},[44,68578,186],{"class":62},[44,68580,7625],{"class":452},[44,68582,3453],{"class":62},[44,68584,68585,68587,68589,68591],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,68586,82],{"class":58},[44,68588,63],{"class":62},[44,68590,10986],{"class":58},[44,68592,76],{"class":62},[20,68594,68595],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68597,16484],{},[35,68599,68600],{"className":37,"code":68512,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68601,68602,68622],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68603,68604,68606,68608,68610,68612,68614,68616,68618,68620],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68605,3435],{"class":50},[44,68607,55],{"class":54},[44,68609,3440],{"class":62},[44,68611,2161],{"class":452},[44,68613,186],{"class":62},[44,68615,7620],{"class":452},[44,68617,186],{"class":62},[44,68619,7625],{"class":452},[44,68621,3453],{"class":62},[44,68623,68624,68626,68628,68630,68632,68634],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,68625,82],{"class":58},[44,68627,63],{"class":62},[44,68629,10986],{"class":58},[44,68631,63],{"class":62},[44,68633,3467],{"class":97},[44,68635,434],{"class":62},[600,68637,68639],{"id":68638},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,68641,68642,68643,68645],{},"The length of a list is ",[3563,68644,4457],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,68647,145],{},[35,68649,68651],{"className":37,"code":68650,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,68652,68653,68685],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68654,68655,68657,68659,68661,68663,68665,68667,68669,68671,68673,68675,68677,68679,68681,68683],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68656,35915],{"class":50},[44,68658,55],{"class":54},[44,68660,3440],{"class":62},[44,68662,67],{"class":66},[44,68664,491],{"class":70},[44,68666,67],{"class":66},[44,68668,186],{"class":62},[44,68670,1438],{"class":66},[44,68672,4587],{"class":70},[44,68674,67],{"class":66},[44,68676,186],{"class":62},[44,68678,1438],{"class":66},[44,68680,9561],{"class":70},[44,68682,67],{"class":66},[44,68684,3453],{"class":62},[44,68686,68687,68689,68691,68693,68695,68697],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,68688,82],{"class":58},[44,68690,63],{"class":62},[44,68692,10986],{"class":58},[44,68694,63],{"class":62},[44,68696,35968],{"class":97},[44,68698,434],{"class":62},[20,68700,1031],{},[35,68702,68703],{"className":37,"code":46241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68704,68705],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68706,68707],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68708,46241],{"class":452},[20,68710,68711,68712,1134,68714,504],{},"But the last index is ",[15,68713,1889],{},[15,68715,1894],{},[20,68717,68718],{},"Indexes are:",[126,68720,68721,68728,68734],{},[129,68722,68723,68725,68726],{},[15,68724,1951],{}," for ",[15,68727,17926],{},[129,68729,68730,68725,68732],{},[15,68731,2807],{},[15,68733,65225],{},[129,68735,68736,68725,68738],{},[15,68737,1889],{},[15,68739,66111],{},[20,68741,68742],{},"So this causes an error:",[35,68744,68746],{"className":37,"code":68745,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,68747,68748,68780],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68749,68750,68752,68754,68756,68758,68760,68762,68764,68766,68768,68770,68772,68774,68776,68778],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68751,35915],{"class":50},[44,68753,55],{"class":54},[44,68755,3440],{"class":62},[44,68757,67],{"class":66},[44,68759,491],{"class":70},[44,68761,67],{"class":66},[44,68763,186],{"class":62},[44,68765,1438],{"class":66},[44,68767,4587],{"class":70},[44,68769,67],{"class":66},[44,68771,186],{"class":62},[44,68773,1438],{"class":66},[44,68775,9561],{"class":70},[44,68777,67],{"class":66},[44,68779,3453],{"class":62},[44,68781,68782,68784,68786,68788,68790,68792,68794,68796],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,68783,82],{"class":58},[44,68785,63],{"class":62},[44,68787,35968],{"class":97},[44,68789,3723],{"class":62},[44,68791,10986],{"class":58},[44,68793,63],{"class":62},[44,68795,35968],{"class":97},[44,68797,10502],{"class":62},[20,68799,8322,68800,4610,68803,68805,68806,68808],{},[15,68801,68802],{},"len(letters)",[15,68804,1894],{},", and index ",[15,68807,1894],{}," does not exist.",[20,68810,18671],{},[35,68812,68814],{"className":37,"code":68813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,68815,68816,68848],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68817,68818,68820,68822,68824,68826,68828,68830,68832,68834,68836,68838,68840,68842,68844,68846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68819,35915],{"class":50},[44,68821,55],{"class":54},[44,68823,3440],{"class":62},[44,68825,67],{"class":66},[44,68827,491],{"class":70},[44,68829,67],{"class":66},[44,68831,186],{"class":62},[44,68833,1438],{"class":66},[44,68835,4587],{"class":70},[44,68837,67],{"class":66},[44,68839,186],{"class":62},[44,68841,1438],{"class":66},[44,68843,9561],{"class":70},[44,68845,67],{"class":66},[44,68847,3453],{"class":62},[44,68849,68850,68852,68854,68856,68858,68860,68862,68864,68866,68868,68870],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,68851,82],{"class":58},[44,68853,63],{"class":62},[44,68855,35968],{"class":97},[44,68857,3723],{"class":62},[44,68859,10986],{"class":58},[44,68861,63],{"class":62},[44,68863,35968],{"class":97},[44,68865,3480],{"class":62},[44,68867,2051],{"class":54},[44,68869,711],{"class":452},[44,68871,3711],{"class":62},[20,68873,1031],{},[35,68875,68877],{"className":37,"code":68876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"c\n",[15,68878,68879],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68880,68881],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68882,68876],{"class":50},[20,68884,68885,68886,504],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[491,68887,68889],{"href":68888},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[600,68891,8243,68893,68895],{"id":68892},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,68894,42175],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,68897,68898],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,68900,68901],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[35,68903,68905],{"className":37,"code":68904,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,68906,68907,68917,68931,68945],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68908,68909,68911,68913,68915],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68910,82],{"class":58},[44,68912,63],{"class":62},[44,68914,8164],{"class":97},[44,68916,76],{"class":62},[44,68918,68919,68921,68923,68925,68927,68929],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,68920,82],{"class":58},[44,68922,63],{"class":62},[44,68924,10986],{"class":58},[44,68926,63],{"class":62},[44,68928,8164],{"class":97},[44,68930,434],{"class":62},[44,68932,68933,68935,68937,68939,68941,68943],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,68934,82],{"class":58},[44,68936,63],{"class":62},[44,68938,427],{"class":426},[44,68940,63],{"class":62},[44,68942,8164],{"class":97},[44,68944,434],{"class":62},[44,68946,68947,68949,68951,68953,68955,68957],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,68948,82],{"class":58},[44,68950,63],{"class":62},[44,68952,8164],{"class":97},[44,68954,3723],{"class":62},[44,68956,1951],{"class":452},[44,68958,3711],{"class":62},[20,68960,68961],{},"These help you verify:",[126,68963,68964,68967,68969,68972],{},[129,68965,68966],{},"what the variable contains",[129,68968,60413],{},[129,68970,68971],{},"whether it is really a list",[129,68973,68974],{},"what the first item is",[20,68976,68977,68978,68981],{},"Be careful with ",[15,68979,68980],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[30,68983,4788,68985,68987],{"id":68984},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,68986,42175],{}," with lists",[20,68989,68990,68991,68993],{},"You will often use ",[15,68992,42175],{}," in real programs.",[20,68995,9195],{},[126,68997,68998,69000,69003,69006],{},[129,68999,51396],{},[129,69001,69002],{},"Control loops",[129,69004,69005],{},"Validate input or results",[129,69007,69008],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69010,69011],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[35,69013,69015],{"className":37,"code":69014,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69016,69017,69037,69053,69057,69071,69085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69018,69019,69021,69023,69025,69027,69029,69031,69033,69035],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69020,1070],{"class":50},[44,69022,55],{"class":54},[44,69024,3440],{"class":62},[44,69026,2807],{"class":452},[44,69028,186],{"class":62},[44,69030,2812],{"class":452},[44,69032,186],{"class":62},[44,69034,2282],{"class":452},[44,69036,3453],{"class":62},[44,69038,69039,69041,69043,69045,69047,69049,69051],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,69040,1089],{"class":50},[44,69042,55],{"class":54},[44,69044,3440],{"class":62},[44,69046,2161],{"class":452},[44,69048,186],{"class":62},[44,69050,7620],{"class":452},[44,69052,3453],{"class":62},[44,69054,69055],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,69056,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,69058,69059,69061,69063,69065,69067,69069],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,69060,82],{"class":58},[44,69062,63],{"class":62},[44,69064,10986],{"class":58},[44,69066,63],{"class":62},[44,69068,491],{"class":97},[44,69070,434],{"class":62},[44,69072,69073,69075,69077,69079,69081,69083],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,69074,82],{"class":58},[44,69076,63],{"class":62},[44,69078,10986],{"class":58},[44,69080,63],{"class":62},[44,69082,4587],{"class":97},[44,69084,434],{"class":62},[44,69086,69087,69089,69091,69093,69095,69097,69099,69101,69103,69105,69107],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,69088,82],{"class":58},[44,69090,63],{"class":62},[44,69092,10986],{"class":58},[44,69094,63],{"class":62},[44,69096,491],{"class":97},[44,69098,3480],{"class":62},[44,69100,38222],{"class":54},[44,69102,38212],{"class":58},[44,69104,63],{"class":62},[44,69106,4587],{"class":97},[44,69108,434],{"class":62},[20,69110,1031],{},[35,69112,69114],{"className":37,"code":69113,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69115,69116,69120,69124],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69117,69118],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69119,46241],{"class":452},[44,69121,69122],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,69123,16885],{"class":452},[44,69125,69126],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,69127,3803],{"class":3674},[20,69129,69130],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[35,69132,69134],{"className":37,"code":69133,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69135,69136,69168,69172,69194],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69137,69138,69140,69142,69144,69146,69148,69150,69152,69154,69156,69158,69160,69162,69164,69166],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69139,4822],{"class":50},[44,69141,55],{"class":54},[44,69143,3440],{"class":62},[44,69145,67],{"class":66},[44,69147,12705],{"class":70},[44,69149,67],{"class":66},[44,69151,186],{"class":62},[44,69153,1438],{"class":66},[44,69155,35766],{"class":70},[44,69157,67],{"class":66},[44,69159,186],{"class":62},[44,69161,1438],{"class":66},[44,69163,35775],{"class":70},[44,69165,67],{"class":66},[44,69167,3453],{"class":62},[44,69169,69170],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,69171,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,69173,69174,69176,69179,69181,69183,69185,69187,69189,69191],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,69175,5787],{"class":1384},[44,69177,69178],{"class":50}," i ",[44,69180,3705],{"class":1384},[44,69182,53697],{"class":58},[44,69184,63],{"class":62},[44,69186,10986],{"class":58},[44,69188,63],{"class":62},[44,69190,4866],{"class":97},[44,69192,69193],{"class":62},")):\n",[44,69195,69196,69198,69200,69202,69204,69207,69209,69211],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,69197,1416],{"class":58},[44,69199,63],{"class":62},[44,69201,35979],{"class":97},[44,69203,186],{"class":62},[44,69205,69206],{"class":97}," names",[44,69208,3723],{"class":62},[44,69210,35979],{"class":97},[44,69212,3711],{"class":62},[20,69214,1031],{},[35,69216,69217],{"className":37,"code":35823,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,69218,69219,69225,69231],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69220,69221,69223],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69222,1951],{"class":452},[44,69224,35832],{"class":50},[44,69226,69227,69229],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,69228,2807],{"class":452},[44,69230,35839],{"class":50},[44,69232,69233,69235],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,69234,1889],{"class":452},[44,69236,35846],{"class":50},[20,69238,69239,69240,504],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[491,69241,69243],{"href":69242},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69245,69246,69247,69249],{},"You can also read ",[491,69248,51173],{"href":51172}," for a task-focused guide.",[30,69251,1651],{"id":1650},[600,69253,69255],{"id":69254},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69257,103,69258,69261],{},[15,69259,69260],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[600,69263,4970,69265,12540],{"id":69264},"what-does-len-return",[15,69266,69267],{},"len([])",[20,69269,4976,69270,69272],{},[15,69271,1951],{}," because the list is empty.",[600,69274,69276],{"id":69275},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69278,69279],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[600,69281,28159,69283,69285],{"id":69282},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69284,68461],{}," in Python?",[20,69287,30097,69288,8050,69290,69292],{},[15,69289,67907],{},[15,69291,42175],{}," is a built-in function.",[30,69294,1719],{"id":1718},[126,69296,69297,69303,69307,69311,69315],{},[129,69298,69299],{},[491,69300,13,69301,1738],{"href":42172},[15,69302,42175],{},[129,69304,69305],{},[491,69306,52217],{"href":51172},[129,69308,69309],{},[491,69310,52398],{"href":50605},[129,69312,69313],{},[491,69314,68889],{"href":68888},[129,69316,69317],{},[491,69318,69319],{"href":69242},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1758,69321,69322],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":69324},[69325,69326,69328,69329,69330,69331,69339,69341,69349],{"id":14989,"depth":79,"text":14990},{"id":67899,"depth":79,"text":69327},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5615,"depth":79,"text":5616},{"id":68168,"depth":79,"text":68169},{"id":68309,"depth":79,"text":68310},{"id":4343,"depth":79,"text":4344,"children":69332},[69333,69335,69336,69337],{"id":68458,"depth":419,"text":69334},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25516,"depth":419,"text":25517},{"id":68638,"depth":419,"text":68639},{"id":68892,"depth":419,"text":69338},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":68984,"depth":79,"text":69340},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":69342},[69343,69344,69346,69347],{"id":69254,"depth":419,"text":69255},{"id":69264,"depth":419,"text":69345},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69275,"depth":419,"text":69276},{"id":69282,"depth":419,"text":69348},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":67794,"description":69350},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69356,"title":69357,"body":69358,"description":71340,"extension":1796,"meta":71341,"navigation":807,"path":71342,"seo":71343,"stem":71344,"__hash__":71345},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69359,"toc":71313},[69360,69363,69368,69371,69379,69392,69394,69459,69461,69483,69488,69492,69497,69505,69507,69517,69519,69600,69602,69632,69634,69653,69658,69675,69677,69761,69763,69793,69798,69802,69808,69892,69894,69924,69927,69931,69934,70025,70027,70065,70068,70153,70155,70185,70191,70198,70202,70207,70216,70218,70303,70305,70334,70337,70345,70349,70353,70362,70385,70387,70409,70411,70425,70427,70487,70491,70496,70535,70537,70554,70556,70566,70665,70670,70674,70679,70722,70724,70752,70754,70768,70843,70845,70867,70871,70874,70879,70890,70895,70903,70906,70977,70979,71004,71061,71063,71084,71093,71101,71106,71108,71113,71134,71137,71212,71215,71229,71236,71238,71242,71248,71252,71262,71266,71273,71277,71283,71285,71310],[10,69361,69357],{"id":69362},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69364,69365,69367],{},[15,69366,54709],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69369,69370],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[126,69372,69373,69376],{},[129,69374,69375],{},"delete an item from a list",[129,69377,69378],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69380,69381,69382,69384,69385,8529,69387,69391],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69383,12587],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69386,12587],{},[491,69388,69389],{"href":54699},[15,69390,55156],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[30,69393,33],{"id":32},[35,69395,69397],{"className":37,"code":69396,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69398,69399,69419,69434,69438,69449],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69400,69401,69403,69405,69407,69409,69411,69413,69415,69417],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69402,3435],{"class":50},[44,69404,55],{"class":54},[44,69406,3440],{"class":62},[44,69408,2161],{"class":452},[44,69410,186],{"class":62},[44,69412,7620],{"class":452},[44,69414,186],{"class":62},[44,69416,7625],{"class":452},[44,69418,3453],{"class":62},[44,69420,69421,69424,69426,69428,69430,69432],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,69422,69423],{"class":50},"last_item ",[44,69425,55],{"class":54},[44,69427,4088],{"class":50},[44,69429,504],{"class":62},[44,69431,26071],{"class":97},[44,69433,345],{"class":62},[44,69435,69436],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,69437,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,69439,69440,69442,69444,69447],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,69441,82],{"class":58},[44,69443,63],{"class":62},[44,69445,69446],{"class":97},"last_item",[44,69448,76],{"class":62},[44,69450,69451,69453,69455,69457],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,69452,82],{"class":58},[44,69454,63],{"class":62},[44,69456,3467],{"class":97},[44,69458,76],{"class":62},[20,69460,1031],{},[35,69462,69464],{"className":37,"code":69463,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69465,69466,69471],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69467,69468],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69469,69470],{"class":452},"30\n",[44,69472,69473,69475,69477,69479,69481],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,69474,3723],{"class":62},[44,69476,2161],{"class":452},[44,69478,186],{"class":62},[44,69480,7620],{"class":452},[44,69482,3453],{"class":62},[20,69484,103,69485,69487],{},[15,69486,12587],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[30,69489,69491],{"id":69490},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69493,69494,69496],{},[15,69495,12587],{}," has two main jobs:",[126,69498,69499,69502],{},[129,69500,69501],{},"It removes one item from a list",[129,69503,69504],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69506,43464],{},[126,69508,69509,69512,69515],{},[129,69510,69511],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[129,69513,69514],{},"It changes the original list",[129,69516,52372],{},[20,69518,145],{},[35,69520,69522],{"className":37,"code":69521,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69523,69524,69556,69560,69575,69579,69590],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69525,69526,69528,69530,69532,69534,69536,69538,69540,69542,69544,69546,69548,69550,69552,69554],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69527,12901],{"class":50},[44,69529,55],{"class":54},[44,69531,3440],{"class":62},[44,69533,67],{"class":66},[44,69535,12918],{"class":70},[44,69537,67],{"class":66},[44,69539,186],{"class":62},[44,69541,1438],{"class":66},[44,69543,17285],{"class":70},[44,69545,67],{"class":66},[44,69547,186],{"class":62},[44,69549,1438],{"class":66},[44,69551,12935],{"class":70},[44,69553,67],{"class":66},[44,69555,3453],{"class":62},[44,69557,69558],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,69559,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,69561,69562,69565,69567,69569,69571,69573],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,69563,69564],{"class":50},"removed ",[44,69566,55],{"class":54},[44,69568,12949],{"class":50},[44,69570,504],{"class":62},[44,69572,26071],{"class":97},[44,69574,345],{"class":62},[44,69576,69577],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,69578,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,69580,69581,69583,69585,69588],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,69582,82],{"class":58},[44,69584,63],{"class":62},[44,69586,69587],{"class":97},"removed",[44,69589,76],{"class":62},[44,69591,69592,69594,69596,69598],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,69593,82],{"class":58},[44,69595,63],{"class":62},[44,69597,17332],{"class":97},[44,69599,76],{"class":62},[20,69601,1031],{},[35,69603,69605],{"className":37,"code":69604,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69606,69607,69612],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69608,69609],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69610,69611],{"class":50},"blue\n",[44,69613,69614,69616,69618,69620,69622,69624,69626,69628,69630],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,69615,3723],{"class":62},[44,69617,476],{"class":66},[44,69619,12918],{"class":70},[44,69621,476],{"class":66},[44,69623,186],{"class":62},[44,69625,470],{"class":66},[44,69627,17285],{"class":70},[44,69629,476],{"class":66},[44,69631,3453],{"class":62},[30,69633,250],{"id":249},[35,69635,69637],{"className":37,"code":69636,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69638,69639],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69640,69641,69643,69645,69647,69649,69651],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69642,7921],{"class":426},[44,69644,504],{"class":62},[44,69646,26071],{"class":97},[44,69648,2804],{"class":62},[44,69650,35673],{"class":97},[44,69652,3711],{"class":62},[20,69654,22,69655,69657],{},[15,69656,35673],{}," is optional.",[126,69659,69660,69666,69672],{},[129,69661,69662,69663,69665],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,69664,12587],{}," removes the last item",[129,69667,69668,69669,69671],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,69670,12587],{}," removes the item at that position",[129,69673,69674],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,69676,145],{},[35,69678,69680],{"className":37,"code":69679,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,69681,69682,69714,69718,69737,69741,69751],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69683,69684,69686,69688,69690,69692,69694,69696,69698,69700,69702,69704,69706,69708,69710,69712],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69685,35915],{"class":50},[44,69687,55],{"class":54},[44,69689,3440],{"class":62},[44,69691,67],{"class":66},[44,69693,491],{"class":70},[44,69695,67],{"class":66},[44,69697,186],{"class":62},[44,69699,1438],{"class":66},[44,69701,4587],{"class":70},[44,69703,67],{"class":66},[44,69705,186],{"class":62},[44,69707,1438],{"class":66},[44,69709,9561],{"class":70},[44,69711,67],{"class":66},[44,69713,3453],{"class":62},[44,69715,69716],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,69717,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,69719,69720,69722,69724,69727,69729,69731,69733,69735],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,69721,28369],{"class":50},[44,69723,55],{"class":54},[44,69725,69726],{"class":50}," letters",[44,69728,504],{"class":62},[44,69730,26071],{"class":97},[44,69732,63],{"class":62},[44,69734,2807],{"class":452},[44,69736,76],{"class":62},[44,69738,69739],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,69740,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,69742,69743,69745,69747,69749],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,69744,82],{"class":58},[44,69746,63],{"class":62},[44,69748,23139],{"class":97},[44,69750,76],{"class":62},[44,69752,69753,69755,69757,69759],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,69754,82],{"class":58},[44,69756,63],{"class":62},[44,69758,35968],{"class":97},[44,69760,76],{"class":62},[20,69762,1031],{},[35,69764,69766],{"className":37,"code":69765,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,69767,69768,69773],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69769,69770],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69771,69772],{"class":50},"b\n",[44,69774,69775,69777,69779,69781,69783,69785,69787,69789,69791],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,69776,3723],{"class":62},[44,69778,476],{"class":66},[44,69780,491],{"class":70},[44,69782,476],{"class":66},[44,69784,186],{"class":62},[44,69786,470],{"class":66},[44,69788,9561],{"class":70},[44,69790,476],{"class":66},[44,69792,3453],{"class":62},[20,69794,69795,69796,504],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[491,69797,52398],{"href":50605},[30,69799,69801],{"id":69800},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,69803,69804,69805,69807],{},"When you call ",[15,69806,12587],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[35,69809,69811],{"className":37,"code":69810,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,69812,69813,69848,69852,69867,69871,69882],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69814,69815,69817,69819,69821,69823,69826,69828,69830,69832,69835,69837,69839,69841,69844,69846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69816,29725],{"class":50},[44,69818,55],{"class":54},[44,69820,3440],{"class":62},[44,69822,67],{"class":66},[44,69824,69825],{"class":70},"write",[44,69827,67],{"class":66},[44,69829,186],{"class":62},[44,69831,1438],{"class":66},[44,69833,69834],{"class":70},"test",[44,69836,67],{"class":66},[44,69838,186],{"class":62},[44,69840,1438],{"class":66},[44,69842,69843],{"class":70},"submit",[44,69845,67],{"class":66},[44,69847,3453],{"class":62},[44,69849,69850],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,69851,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,69853,69854,69857,69859,69861,69863,69865],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,69855,69856],{"class":50},"last_task ",[44,69858,55],{"class":54},[44,69860,29803],{"class":50},[44,69862,504],{"class":62},[44,69864,26071],{"class":97},[44,69866,345],{"class":62},[44,69868,69869],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,69870,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,69872,69873,69875,69877,69880],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,69874,82],{"class":58},[44,69876,63],{"class":62},[44,69878,69879],{"class":97},"last_task",[44,69881,76],{"class":62},[44,69883,69884,69886,69888,69890],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,69885,82],{"class":58},[44,69887,63],{"class":62},[44,69889,36331],{"class":97},[44,69891,76],{"class":62},[20,69893,1031],{},[35,69895,69897],{"className":37,"code":69896,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,69898,69899,69904],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69900,69901],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69902,69903],{"class":50},"submit\n",[44,69905,69906,69908,69910,69912,69914,69916,69918,69920,69922],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,69907,3723],{"class":62},[44,69909,476],{"class":66},[44,69911,69825],{"class":70},[44,69913,476],{"class":66},[44,69915,186],{"class":62},[44,69917,470],{"class":66},[44,69919,69834],{"class":70},[44,69921,476],{"class":66},[44,69923,3453],{"class":62},[20,69925,69926],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[30,69928,69930],{"id":69929},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,69932,69933],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[35,69935,69937],{"className":37,"code":69936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,69938,69939,69979,69983,70001,70005,70015],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69940,69941,69943,69945,69947,69949,69951,69953,69955,69957,69959,69961,69963,69965,69967,69969,69971,69973,69975,69977],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69942,36064],{"class":50},[44,69944,55],{"class":54},[44,69946,3440],{"class":62},[44,69948,67],{"class":66},[44,69950,3903],{"class":70},[44,69952,67],{"class":66},[44,69954,186],{"class":62},[44,69956,1438],{"class":66},[44,69958,3912],{"class":70},[44,69960,67],{"class":66},[44,69962,186],{"class":62},[44,69964,1438],{"class":66},[44,69966,3921],{"class":70},[44,69968,67],{"class":66},[44,69970,186],{"class":62},[44,69972,1438],{"class":66},[44,69974,33046],{"class":70},[44,69976,67],{"class":66},[44,69978,3453],{"class":62},[44,69980,69981],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,69982,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,69984,69985,69987,69989,69991,69993,69995,69997,69999],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,69986,69564],{"class":50},[44,69988,55],{"class":54},[44,69990,52478],{"class":50},[44,69992,504],{"class":62},[44,69994,26071],{"class":97},[44,69996,63],{"class":62},[44,69998,2807],{"class":452},[44,70000,76],{"class":62},[44,70002,70003],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,70004,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,70006,70007,70009,70011,70013],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,70008,82],{"class":58},[44,70010,63],{"class":62},[44,70012,69587],{"class":97},[44,70014,76],{"class":62},[44,70016,70017,70019,70021,70023],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,70018,82],{"class":58},[44,70020,63],{"class":62},[44,70022,36116],{"class":97},[44,70024,76],{"class":62},[20,70026,1031],{},[35,70028,70030],{"className":37,"code":70029,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70031,70032,70037],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70033,70034],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70035,70036],{"class":50},"banana\n",[44,70038,70039,70041,70043,70045,70047,70049,70051,70053,70055,70057,70059,70061,70063],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,70040,3723],{"class":62},[44,70042,476],{"class":66},[44,70044,3903],{"class":70},[44,70046,476],{"class":66},[44,70048,186],{"class":62},[44,70050,470],{"class":66},[44,70052,3921],{"class":70},[44,70054,476],{"class":66},[44,70056,186],{"class":62},[44,70058,470],{"class":66},[44,70060,33046],{"class":70},[44,70062,476],{"class":66},[44,70064,3453],{"class":62},[20,70066,70067],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[35,70069,70071],{"className":37,"code":70070,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70072,70073,70105,70109,70129,70133,70143],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70074,70075,70077,70079,70081,70083,70085,70087,70089,70091,70093,70095,70097,70099,70101,70103],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70076,36064],{"class":50},[44,70078,55],{"class":54},[44,70080,3440],{"class":62},[44,70082,67],{"class":66},[44,70084,3903],{"class":70},[44,70086,67],{"class":66},[44,70088,186],{"class":62},[44,70090,1438],{"class":66},[44,70092,3912],{"class":70},[44,70094,67],{"class":66},[44,70096,186],{"class":62},[44,70098,1438],{"class":66},[44,70100,3921],{"class":70},[44,70102,67],{"class":66},[44,70104,3453],{"class":62},[44,70106,70107],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,70108,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,70110,70111,70113,70115,70117,70119,70121,70123,70125,70127],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,70112,69564],{"class":50},[44,70114,55],{"class":54},[44,70116,52478],{"class":50},[44,70118,504],{"class":62},[44,70120,26071],{"class":97},[44,70122,63],{"class":62},[44,70124,1854],{"class":54},[44,70126,2807],{"class":452},[44,70128,76],{"class":62},[44,70130,70131],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,70132,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,70134,70135,70137,70139,70141],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,70136,82],{"class":58},[44,70138,63],{"class":62},[44,70140,69587],{"class":97},[44,70142,76],{"class":62},[44,70144,70145,70147,70149,70151],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,70146,82],{"class":58},[44,70148,63],{"class":62},[44,70150,36116],{"class":97},[44,70152,76],{"class":62},[20,70154,1031],{},[35,70156,70158],{"className":37,"code":70157,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70159,70160,70165],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70161,70162],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70163,70164],{"class":50},"cherry\n",[44,70166,70167,70169,70171,70173,70175,70177,70179,70181,70183],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,70168,3723],{"class":62},[44,70170,476],{"class":66},[44,70172,3903],{"class":70},[44,70174,476],{"class":66},[44,70176,186],{"class":62},[44,70178,470],{"class":66},[44,70180,3912],{"class":70},[44,70182,476],{"class":66},[44,70184,3453],{"class":62},[20,70186,70187,70188,70190],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70189,65484],{}," means the last item.",[20,70192,70193,70194,504],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[491,70195,70196,10564],{"href":58593},[15,70197,64495],{},[30,70199,70201],{"id":70200},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70203,70204,70206],{},[15,70205,12587],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70208,70209,70210,1126,70212,504],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70211,12587],{},[491,70213,70214],{"href":54699},[15,70215,55156],{},[20,70217,145],{},[35,70219,70221],{"className":37,"code":70220,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70222,70223,70255,70259,70278,70282,70293],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70224,70225,70227,70229,70231,70233,70235,70237,70239,70241,70243,70245,70247,70249,70251,70253],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70226,4822],{"class":50},[44,70228,55],{"class":54},[44,70230,3440],{"class":62},[44,70232,67],{"class":66},[44,70234,12705],{"class":70},[44,70236,67],{"class":66},[44,70238,186],{"class":62},[44,70240,1438],{"class":66},[44,70242,35766],{"class":70},[44,70244,67],{"class":66},[44,70246,186],{"class":62},[44,70248,1438],{"class":66},[44,70250,35775],{"class":70},[44,70252,67],{"class":66},[44,70254,3453],{"class":62},[44,70256,70257],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,70258,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,70260,70261,70264,70266,70268,70270,70272,70274,70276],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,70262,70263],{"class":50},"removed_name ",[44,70265,55],{"class":54},[44,70267,69206],{"class":50},[44,70269,504],{"class":62},[44,70271,26071],{"class":97},[44,70273,63],{"class":62},[44,70275,1951],{"class":452},[44,70277,76],{"class":62},[44,70279,70280],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,70281,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,70283,70284,70286,70288,70291],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,70285,82],{"class":58},[44,70287,63],{"class":62},[44,70289,70290],{"class":97},"removed_name",[44,70292,76],{"class":62},[44,70294,70295,70297,70299,70301],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,70296,82],{"class":58},[44,70298,63],{"class":62},[44,70300,4866],{"class":97},[44,70302,76],{"class":62},[20,70304,1031],{},[35,70306,70308],{"className":37,"code":70307,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70309,70310,70314],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70311,70312],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70313,49665],{"class":50},[44,70315,70316,70318,70320,70322,70324,70326,70328,70330,70332],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,70317,3723],{"class":62},[44,70319,476],{"class":66},[44,70321,35766],{"class":70},[44,70323,476],{"class":66},[44,70325,186],{"class":62},[44,70327,470],{"class":66},[44,70329,35775],{"class":70},[44,70331,476],{"class":66},[44,70333,3453],{"class":62},[20,70335,70336],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70338,70339,70340,70342,70343,504],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70341,55156],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70344,3599],{},[30,70346,70348],{"id":70347},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[600,70350,70352],{"id":70351},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70354,70355,70356,70358,70359,504],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70357,12587],{}," raises an ",[15,70360,70361],{},"IndexError",[35,70363,70365],{"className":37,"code":70364,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70366,70367,70375],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70368,70369,70371,70373],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70370,7609],{"class":50},[44,70372,55],{"class":54},[44,70374,7669],{"class":62},[44,70376,70377,70379,70381,70383],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,70378,7640],{"class":50},[44,70380,504],{"class":62},[44,70382,26071],{"class":97},[44,70384,345],{"class":62},[20,70386,1031],{},[35,70388,70390],{"className":37,"code":70389,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70391,70392],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70393,70394,70396,70398,70401,70404,70407],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70395,70361],{"class":426},[44,70397,449],{"class":62},[44,70399,70400],{"class":50}," pop ",[44,70402,70403],{"class":1384},"from",[44,70405,70406],{"class":50}," empty ",[44,70408,49511],{"class":426},[20,70410,39087],{},[126,70412,70413,70418],{},[129,70414,70415,70416],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70417,12587],{},[129,70419,70420,70421,1126,70423],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70422,1385],{},[15,70424,1450],{},[20,70426,145],{},[35,70428,70430],{"className":37,"code":70429,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70431,70432,70440,70444,70452,70466,70472],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70433,70434,70436,70438],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70435,7609],{"class":50},[44,70437,55],{"class":54},[44,70439,7669],{"class":62},[44,70441,70442],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,70443,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,70445,70446,70448,70450],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,70447,6828],{"class":1384},[44,70449,5795],{"class":50},[44,70451,1388],{"class":62},[44,70453,70454,70456,70458,70460,70462,70464],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,70455,1416],{"class":58},[44,70457,63],{"class":62},[44,70459,7640],{"class":97},[44,70461,504],{"class":62},[44,70463,26071],{"class":97},[44,70465,7025],{"class":62},[44,70467,70468,70470],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,70469,27264],{"class":1384},[44,70471,1388],{"class":62},[44,70473,70474,70476,70478,70480,70483,70485],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,70475,1416],{"class":58},[44,70477,63],{"class":62},[44,70479,67],{"class":66},[44,70481,70482],{"class":70},"The list is empty.",[44,70484,67],{"class":66},[44,70486,76],{"class":62},[600,70488,70490],{"id":70489},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70492,70493,70494,504],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70495,70361],{},[35,70497,70499],{"className":37,"code":70498,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70500,70501,70521],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70502,70503,70505,70507,70509,70511,70513,70515,70517,70519],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70504,3435],{"class":50},[44,70506,55],{"class":54},[44,70508,3440],{"class":62},[44,70510,2161],{"class":452},[44,70512,186],{"class":62},[44,70514,7620],{"class":452},[44,70516,186],{"class":62},[44,70518,7625],{"class":452},[44,70520,3453],{"class":62},[44,70522,70523,70525,70527,70529,70531,70533],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,70524,3467],{"class":50},[44,70526,504],{"class":62},[44,70528,26071],{"class":97},[44,70530,63],{"class":62},[44,70532,1129],{"class":452},[44,70534,76],{"class":62},[20,70536,1031],{},[35,70538,70540],{"className":37,"code":70539,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70541,70542],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70543,70544,70546,70548,70551],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70545,70361],{"class":426},[44,70547,449],{"class":62},[44,70549,70550],{"class":50}," pop index out of ",[44,70552,70553],{"class":58},"range\n",[20,70555,39087],{},[126,70557,70558,70563],{},[129,70559,70560,70561],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70562,42175],{},[129,70564,70565],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[35,70567,70569],{"className":37,"code":70568,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70570,70571,70591,70600,70604,70626,70644,70650],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70572,70573,70575,70577,70579,70581,70583,70585,70587,70589],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70574,3435],{"class":50},[44,70576,55],{"class":54},[44,70578,3440],{"class":62},[44,70580,2161],{"class":452},[44,70582,186],{"class":62},[44,70584,7620],{"class":452},[44,70586,186],{"class":62},[44,70588,7625],{"class":452},[44,70590,3453],{"class":62},[44,70592,70593,70596,70598],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,70594,70595],{"class":50},"index ",[44,70597,55],{"class":54},[44,70599,846],{"class":452},[44,70601,70602],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,70603,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,70605,70606,70608,70610,70613,70616,70618,70620,70622,70624],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,70607,6828],{"class":1384},[44,70609,3655],{"class":452},[44,70611,70612],{"class":54}," \u003C=",[44,70614,70615],{"class":50}," index ",[44,70617,463],{"class":54},[44,70619,38212],{"class":58},[44,70621,63],{"class":62},[44,70623,3467],{"class":97},[44,70625,8167],{"class":62},[44,70627,70628,70630,70632,70634,70636,70638,70640,70642],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,70629,1416],{"class":58},[44,70631,63],{"class":62},[44,70633,3467],{"class":97},[44,70635,504],{"class":62},[44,70637,26071],{"class":97},[44,70639,63],{"class":62},[44,70641,35673],{"class":97},[44,70643,434],{"class":62},[44,70645,70646,70648],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,70647,27264],{"class":1384},[44,70649,1388],{"class":62},[44,70651,70652,70654,70656,70658,70661,70663],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,70653,1416],{"class":58},[44,70655,63],{"class":62},[44,70657,67],{"class":66},[44,70659,70660],{"class":70},"Index is out of range.",[44,70662,67],{"class":66},[44,70664,76],{"class":62},[20,70666,70667,70668,504],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[491,70669,68889],{"href":68888},[600,70671,70673],{"id":70672},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,70675,70676,70678],{},[15,70677,12587],{}," expects an integer index.",[35,70680,70682],{"className":37,"code":70681,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,70683,70684,70704],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70685,70686,70688,70690,70692,70694,70696,70698,70700,70702],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70687,3435],{"class":50},[44,70689,55],{"class":54},[44,70691,3440],{"class":62},[44,70693,2161],{"class":452},[44,70695,186],{"class":62},[44,70697,7620],{"class":452},[44,70699,186],{"class":62},[44,70701,7625],{"class":452},[44,70703,3453],{"class":62},[44,70705,70706,70708,70710,70712,70714,70716,70718,70720],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,70707,3467],{"class":50},[44,70709,504],{"class":62},[44,70711,26071],{"class":97},[44,70713,63],{"class":62},[44,70715,67],{"class":66},[44,70717,2807],{"class":70},[44,70719,67],{"class":66},[44,70721,76],{"class":62},[20,70723,1031],{},[35,70725,70727],{"className":37,"code":70726,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,70728,70729],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70730,70731,70733,70735,70737,70739,70741,70743,70746,70749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70732,2825],{"class":426},[44,70734,449],{"class":62},[44,70736,470],{"class":66},[44,70738,473],{"class":70},[44,70740,476],{"class":66},[44,70742,24446],{"class":426},[44,70744,70745],{"class":50}," cannot be interpreted ",[44,70747,70748],{"class":1384},"as",[44,70750,70751],{"class":50}," an integer\n",[20,70753,39087],{},[126,70755,70756,70765],{},[129,70757,70758,70759,2018,70761,2022,70763],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,70760,1951],{},[15,70762,2807],{},[15,70764,65484],{},[129,70766,70767],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[35,70769,70771],{"className":37,"code":70770,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70772,70773,70793,70811,70815,70833],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70774,70775,70777,70779,70781,70783,70785,70787,70789,70791],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70776,3435],{"class":50},[44,70778,55],{"class":54},[44,70780,3440],{"class":62},[44,70782,2161],{"class":452},[44,70784,186],{"class":62},[44,70786,7620],{"class":452},[44,70788,186],{"class":62},[44,70790,7625],{"class":452},[44,70792,3453],{"class":62},[44,70794,70795,70797,70799,70801,70803,70805,70807,70809],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,70796,70595],{"class":50},[44,70798,55],{"class":54},[44,70800,520],{"class":426},[44,70802,63],{"class":62},[44,70804,67],{"class":66},[44,70806,2807],{"class":70},[44,70808,67],{"class":66},[44,70810,76],{"class":62},[44,70812,70813],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,70814,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,70816,70817,70819,70821,70823,70825,70827,70829,70831],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,70818,82],{"class":58},[44,70820,63],{"class":62},[44,70822,3467],{"class":97},[44,70824,504],{"class":62},[44,70826,26071],{"class":97},[44,70828,63],{"class":62},[44,70830,35673],{"class":97},[44,70832,434],{"class":62},[44,70834,70835,70837,70839,70841],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,70836,82],{"class":58},[44,70838,63],{"class":62},[44,70840,3467],{"class":97},[44,70842,76],{"class":62},[20,70844,1031],{},[35,70846,70848],{"className":37,"code":70847,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,70849,70850,70855],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70851,70852],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70853,70854],{"class":452},"20\n",[44,70856,70857,70859,70861,70863,70865],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,70858,3723],{"class":62},[44,70860,2161],{"class":452},[44,70862,186],{"class":62},[44,70864,7625],{"class":452},[44,70866,3453],{"class":62},[30,70868,70870],{"id":70869},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,70872,70873],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[600,70875,103,70877,10424],{"id":70876},"use-pop-when",[15,70878,12587],{},[126,70880,70881,70884,70887],{},[129,70882,70883],{},"you want to remove by index",[129,70885,70886],{},"you want the removed item returned",[129,70888,70889],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[600,70891,103,70893,10424],{"id":70892},"use-remove-when",[15,70894,55156],{},[126,70896,70897,70900],{},[129,70898,70899],{},"you want to remove by value",[129,70901,70902],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,70904,70905],{},"Compare these examples:",[35,70907,70909],{"className":37,"code":70908,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70910,70911,70935,70939,70957,70967],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70912,70913,70915,70917,70919,70921,70923,70925,70927,70929,70931,70933],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70914,3435],{"class":50},[44,70916,55],{"class":54},[44,70918,3440],{"class":62},[44,70920,2161],{"class":452},[44,70922,186],{"class":62},[44,70924,7620],{"class":452},[44,70926,186],{"class":62},[44,70928,7625],{"class":452},[44,70930,186],{"class":62},[44,70932,7620],{"class":452},[44,70934,3453],{"class":62},[44,70936,70937],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,70938,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,70940,70941,70943,70945,70947,70949,70951,70953,70955],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,70942,69564],{"class":50},[44,70944,55],{"class":54},[44,70946,4088],{"class":50},[44,70948,504],{"class":62},[44,70950,26071],{"class":97},[44,70952,63],{"class":62},[44,70954,2807],{"class":452},[44,70956,76],{"class":62},[44,70958,70959,70961,70963,70965],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,70960,82],{"class":58},[44,70962,63],{"class":62},[44,70964,69587],{"class":97},[44,70966,76],{"class":62},[44,70968,70969,70971,70973,70975],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,70970,82],{"class":58},[44,70972,63],{"class":62},[44,70974,3467],{"class":97},[44,70976,76],{"class":62},[20,70978,1031],{},[35,70980,70982],{"className":37,"code":70981,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,70983,70984,70988],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70985,70986],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70987,70854],{"class":452},[44,70989,70990,70992,70994,70996,70998,71000,71002],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,70991,3723],{"class":62},[44,70993,2161],{"class":452},[44,70995,186],{"class":62},[44,70997,7625],{"class":452},[44,70999,186],{"class":62},[44,71001,7620],{"class":452},[44,71003,3453],{"class":62},[35,71005,71007],{"className":37,"code":71006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71008,71009,71033,71037,71051],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71010,71011,71013,71015,71017,71019,71021,71023,71025,71027,71029,71031],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71012,3435],{"class":50},[44,71014,55],{"class":54},[44,71016,3440],{"class":62},[44,71018,2161],{"class":452},[44,71020,186],{"class":62},[44,71022,7620],{"class":452},[44,71024,186],{"class":62},[44,71026,7625],{"class":452},[44,71028,186],{"class":62},[44,71030,7620],{"class":452},[44,71032,3453],{"class":62},[44,71034,71035],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,71036,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,71038,71039,71041,71043,71045,71047,71049],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,71040,3467],{"class":50},[44,71042,504],{"class":62},[44,71044,34621],{"class":97},[44,71046,63],{"class":62},[44,71048,15582],{"class":452},[44,71050,76],{"class":62},[44,71052,71053,71055,71057,71059],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,71054,82],{"class":58},[44,71056,63],{"class":62},[44,71058,3467],{"class":97},[44,71060,76],{"class":62},[20,71062,1031],{},[35,71064,71066],{"className":37,"code":71065,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71067,71068],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71069,71070,71072,71074,71076,71078,71080,71082],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71071,3723],{"class":62},[44,71073,2161],{"class":452},[44,71075,186],{"class":62},[44,71077,7625],{"class":452},[44,71079,186],{"class":62},[44,71081,7620],{"class":452},[44,71083,3453],{"class":62},[20,71085,71086,71087,71090,71091,504],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71088,71089],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71092,2807],{},[20,71094,56232,71095,71098,71099,504],{},[15,71096,71097],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71100,15582],{},[20,71102,71103,71104,504],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[491,71105,54695],{"href":54694},[30,71107,1486],{"id":1485},[20,71109,71110,71111,449],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71112,12587],{},[126,71114,71115,71118,71121,71127,71131],{},[129,71116,71117],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[129,71119,71120],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[129,71122,37030,71123,8529,71125],{},[15,71124,12587],{},[15,71126,55156],{},[129,71128,8279,71129,61601],{},[15,71130,12587],{},[129,71132,71133],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71135,71136],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[35,71138,71140],{"className":37,"code":71139,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71141,71142,71152,71166,71180,71198],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71143,71144,71146,71148,71150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71145,82],{"class":58},[44,71147,63],{"class":62},[44,71149,8164],{"class":97},[44,71151,76],{"class":62},[44,71153,71154,71156,71158,71160,71162,71164],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,71155,82],{"class":58},[44,71157,63],{"class":62},[44,71159,10986],{"class":58},[44,71161,63],{"class":62},[44,71163,8164],{"class":97},[44,71165,434],{"class":62},[44,71167,71168,71170,71172,71174,71176,71178],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,71169,82],{"class":58},[44,71171,63],{"class":62},[44,71173,8164],{"class":97},[44,71175,504],{"class":62},[44,71177,26071],{"class":97},[44,71179,7025],{"class":62},[44,71181,71182,71184,71186,71188,71190,71192,71194,71196],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,71183,82],{"class":58},[44,71185,63],{"class":62},[44,71187,8164],{"class":97},[44,71189,504],{"class":62},[44,71191,26071],{"class":97},[44,71193,63],{"class":62},[44,71195,1951],{"class":452},[44,71197,434],{"class":62},[44,71199,71200,71202,71204,71206,71208,71210],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,71201,82],{"class":58},[44,71203,63],{"class":62},[44,71205,427],{"class":426},[44,71207,63],{"class":62},[44,71209,35673],{"class":97},[44,71211,434],{"class":62},[20,71213,71214],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[126,71216,71217,71223],{},[129,71218,71219,71222],{},[15,71220,71221],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[129,71224,71225,71228],{},[15,71226,71227],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71230,71231,71232,71235],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71233,71234],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[30,71237,1651],{"id":1650},[600,71239,71241],{"id":71240},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71243,71244,71245,71247],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71246,12587],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[600,71249,71251],{"id":71250},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71253,71254,71256,71257,71259,71260,504],{},[15,71255,12587],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71258,55156],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71261,3599],{},[600,71263,71265],{"id":71264},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71267,71268,71269,71272],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71270,71271],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[600,71274,71276],{"id":71275},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71278,71279,71280,71282],{},"Python raises ",[15,71281,70361],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[30,71284,1719],{"id":1718},[126,71286,71287,71291,71296,71301,71306],{},[129,71288,71289],{},[491,71290,55142],{"href":54694},[129,71292,71293],{},[491,71294,71295],{"href":54699},"Python list remove() method",[129,71297,71298],{},[491,71299,71300],{"href":58593},"Python list index() method",[129,71302,71303],{},[491,71304,71305],{"href":50605},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[129,71307,71308],{},[491,71309,68889],{"href":68888},[1758,71311,71312],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":71314},[71315,71316,71317,71318,71319,71320,71321,71326,71332,71333,71339],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":69490,"depth":79,"text":69491},{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":69800,"depth":79,"text":69801},{"id":69929,"depth":79,"text":69930},{"id":70200,"depth":79,"text":70201},{"id":70347,"depth":79,"text":70348,"children":71322},[71323,71324,71325],{"id":70351,"depth":419,"text":70352},{"id":70489,"depth":419,"text":70490},{"id":70672,"depth":419,"text":70673},{"id":70869,"depth":79,"text":70870,"children":71327},[71328,71330],{"id":70876,"depth":419,"text":71329},"Use pop() when:",{"id":70892,"depth":419,"text":71331},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":71334},[71335,71336,71337,71338],{"id":71240,"depth":419,"text":71241},{"id":71250,"depth":419,"text":71251},{"id":71264,"depth":419,"text":71265},{"id":71275,"depth":419,"text":71276},{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69357,"description":71340},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71347,"title":71348,"body":71349,"description":73135,"extension":1796,"meta":73136,"navigation":807,"path":73137,"seo":73138,"stem":73139,"__hash__":73140},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71350,"toc":73117},[71351,71354,71359,71365,71367,71437,71443,71447,71452,71473,71476,71543,71545,71566,71574,71576,71595,71611,71613,71678,71680,71705,71707,71709,71774,71776,71801,71803,71817,71820,71873,71875,71896,71900,71908,71981,71983,72016,72022,72028,72119,72121,72146,72152,72241,72243,72267,72269,72273,72328,72330,72362,72365,72368,72462,72464,72497,72503,72509,72513,72520,72546,72550,72615,72617,72642,72646,72727,72729,72758,72763,72768,72774,72778,72785,72807,72811,72870,72872,72896,72905,72910,72912,72916,72945,72947,73022,73025,73039,73045,73047,73051,73054,73058,73063,73067,73076,73080,73088,73090,73114],[10,71352,71348],{"id":71353},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71355,22,71356,71358],{},[15,71357,54702],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71360,71361,71362,71364],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[3563,71363,354],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[30,71366,33],{"id":32},[35,71368,71370],{"className":37,"code":71369,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71371,71372,71404,71422,71432],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71373,71374,71376,71378,71380,71382,71384,71386,71388,71390,71392,71394,71396,71398,71400,71402],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71375,7609],{"class":50},[44,71377,55],{"class":54},[44,71379,3440],{"class":62},[44,71381,67],{"class":66},[44,71383,3903],{"class":70},[44,71385,67],{"class":66},[44,71387,186],{"class":62},[44,71389,1438],{"class":66},[44,71391,3912],{"class":70},[44,71393,67],{"class":66},[44,71395,186],{"class":62},[44,71397,1438],{"class":66},[44,71399,33046],{"class":70},[44,71401,67],{"class":66},[44,71403,3453],{"class":62},[44,71405,71406,71408,71410,71412,71414,71416,71418,71420],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,71407,7640],{"class":50},[44,71409,504],{"class":62},[44,71411,34621],{"class":97},[44,71413,63],{"class":62},[44,71415,67],{"class":66},[44,71417,3912],{"class":70},[44,71419,67],{"class":66},[44,71421,76],{"class":62},[44,71423,71424,71426,71428,71430],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,71425,82],{"class":58},[44,71427,63],{"class":62},[44,71429,7640],{"class":97},[44,71431,76],{"class":62},[44,71433,71434],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,71435,71436],{"class":3483},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71438,103,71439,71442],{},[15,71440,71441],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[30,71444,71446],{"id":71445},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71448,71449,71451],{},[15,71450,55156],{}," is a list method that:",[126,71453,71454,71460,71465,71470],{},[129,71455,71456,71457,71459],{},"Deletes the ",[3563,71458,29736],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[129,71461,71462,71463],{},"Changes the original list ",[3563,71464,11159],{},[129,71466,1655,71467,71469],{},[3563,71468,4457],{}," return a new list",[129,71471,71472],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71474,71475],{},"This is important for beginners:",[35,71477,71479],{"className":37,"code":71478,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71480,71481,71501,71519,71523,71533],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71482,71483,71485,71487,71489,71491,71493,71495,71497,71499],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71484,3435],{"class":50},[44,71486,55],{"class":54},[44,71488,3440],{"class":62},[44,71490,2807],{"class":452},[44,71492,186],{"class":62},[44,71494,2812],{"class":452},[44,71496,186],{"class":62},[44,71498,2282],{"class":452},[44,71500,3453],{"class":62},[44,71502,71503,71505,71507,71509,71511,71513,71515,71517],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,71504,2059],{"class":50},[44,71506,55],{"class":54},[44,71508,4088],{"class":50},[44,71510,504],{"class":62},[44,71512,34621],{"class":97},[44,71514,63],{"class":62},[44,71516,1889],{"class":452},[44,71518,76],{"class":62},[44,71520,71521],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,71522,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,71524,71525,71527,71529,71531],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,71526,82],{"class":58},[44,71528,63],{"class":62},[44,71530,3467],{"class":97},[44,71532,76],{"class":62},[44,71534,71535,71537,71539,71541],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,71536,82],{"class":58},[44,71538,63],{"class":62},[44,71540,2094],{"class":97},[44,71542,76],{"class":62},[20,71544,1031],{},[35,71546,71548],{"className":37,"code":71547,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71549,71550,71562],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71551,71552,71554,71556,71558,71560],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71553,3723],{"class":62},[44,71555,2807],{"class":452},[44,71557,186],{"class":62},[44,71559,2282],{"class":452},[44,71561,3453],{"class":62},[44,71563,71564],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,71565,11633],{"class":3674},[20,71567,71568,71569,71571,71572,504],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71570,55156],{}," itself returned ",[15,71573,3599],{},[30,71575,5260],{"id":5259},[35,71577,71579],{"className":37,"code":71578,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71580,71581],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71582,71583,71585,71587,71589,71591,71593],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71584,7921],{"class":426},[44,71586,504],{"class":62},[44,71588,34621],{"class":97},[44,71590,63],{"class":62},[44,71592,354],{"class":97},[44,71594,76],{"class":62},[126,71596,71597,71602,71605],{},[129,71598,71599,71601],{},[15,71600,354],{}," is the item you want to delete",[129,71603,71604],{},"Python searches from left to right",[129,71606,71607,71608,71610],{},"Only the ",[3563,71609,29736],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71612,145],{},[35,71614,71616],{"className":37,"code":71615,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71617,71618,71650,71668],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71619,71620,71622,71624,71626,71628,71630,71632,71634,71636,71638,71640,71642,71644,71646,71648],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71621,35915],{"class":50},[44,71623,55],{"class":54},[44,71625,3440],{"class":62},[44,71627,67],{"class":66},[44,71629,491],{"class":70},[44,71631,67],{"class":66},[44,71633,186],{"class":62},[44,71635,1438],{"class":66},[44,71637,4587],{"class":70},[44,71639,67],{"class":66},[44,71641,186],{"class":62},[44,71643,1438],{"class":66},[44,71645,9561],{"class":70},[44,71647,67],{"class":66},[44,71649,3453],{"class":62},[44,71651,71652,71654,71656,71658,71660,71662,71664,71666],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,71653,35968],{"class":50},[44,71655,504],{"class":62},[44,71657,34621],{"class":97},[44,71659,63],{"class":62},[44,71661,67],{"class":66},[44,71663,4587],{"class":70},[44,71665,67],{"class":66},[44,71667,76],{"class":62},[44,71669,71670,71672,71674,71676],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,71671,82],{"class":58},[44,71673,63],{"class":62},[44,71675,35968],{"class":97},[44,71677,76],{"class":62},[20,71679,1031],{},[35,71681,71683],{"className":37,"code":71682,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,71684,71685],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71686,71687,71689,71691,71693,71695,71697,71699,71701,71703],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71688,3723],{"class":62},[44,71690,476],{"class":66},[44,71692,491],{"class":70},[44,71694,476],{"class":66},[44,71696,186],{"class":62},[44,71698,470],{"class":66},[44,71700,9561],{"class":70},[44,71702,476],{"class":66},[44,71704,3453],{"class":62},[30,71706,5616],{"id":5615},[20,71708,64804],{},[35,71710,71712],{"className":37,"code":71711,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,71713,71714,71746,71764],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71715,71716,71718,71720,71722,71724,71726,71728,71730,71732,71734,71736,71738,71740,71742,71744],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71717,12901],{"class":50},[44,71719,55],{"class":54},[44,71721,3440],{"class":62},[44,71723,67],{"class":66},[44,71725,12918],{"class":70},[44,71727,67],{"class":66},[44,71729,186],{"class":62},[44,71731,1438],{"class":66},[44,71733,12935],{"class":70},[44,71735,67],{"class":66},[44,71737,186],{"class":62},[44,71739,1438],{"class":66},[44,71741,17285],{"class":70},[44,71743,67],{"class":66},[44,71745,3453],{"class":62},[44,71747,71748,71750,71752,71754,71756,71758,71760,71762],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,71749,17332],{"class":50},[44,71751,504],{"class":62},[44,71753,34621],{"class":97},[44,71755,63],{"class":62},[44,71757,67],{"class":66},[44,71759,12935],{"class":70},[44,71761,67],{"class":66},[44,71763,76],{"class":62},[44,71765,71766,71768,71770,71772],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,71767,82],{"class":58},[44,71769,63],{"class":62},[44,71771,17332],{"class":97},[44,71773,76],{"class":62},[20,71775,1031],{},[35,71777,71779],{"className":37,"code":71778,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,71780,71781],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71782,71783,71785,71787,71789,71791,71793,71795,71797,71799],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71784,3723],{"class":62},[44,71786,476],{"class":66},[44,71788,12918],{"class":70},[44,71790,476],{"class":66},[44,71792,186],{"class":62},[44,71794,470],{"class":66},[44,71796,17285],{"class":70},[44,71798,476],{"class":66},[44,71800,3453],{"class":62},[20,71802,11509],{},[126,71804,71805,71808,71814],{},[129,71806,71807],{},"A list is created with three values",[129,71809,71810,71813],{},[15,71811,71812],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[129,71815,71816],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,71818,71819],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[35,71821,71823],{"className":37,"code":71822,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,71824,71825,71849,71863],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71826,71827,71829,71831,71833,71835,71837,71839,71841,71843,71845,71847],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71828,4891],{"class":50},[44,71830,55],{"class":54},[44,71832,3440],{"class":62},[44,71834,2161],{"class":452},[44,71836,186],{"class":62},[44,71838,7620],{"class":452},[44,71840,186],{"class":62},[44,71842,7625],{"class":452},[44,71844,186],{"class":62},[44,71846,50469],{"class":452},[44,71848,3453],{"class":62},[44,71850,71851,71853,71855,71857,71859,71861],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,71852,16217],{"class":50},[44,71854,504],{"class":62},[44,71856,34621],{"class":97},[44,71858,63],{"class":62},[44,71860,36667],{"class":452},[44,71862,76],{"class":62},[44,71864,71865,71867,71869,71871],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,71866,82],{"class":58},[44,71868,63],{"class":62},[44,71870,16217],{"class":97},[44,71872,76],{"class":62},[20,71874,1031],{},[35,71876,71878],{"className":37,"code":71877,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,71879,71880],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71881,71882,71884,71886,71888,71890,71892,71894],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71883,3723],{"class":62},[44,71885,2161],{"class":452},[44,71887,186],{"class":62},[44,71889,7620],{"class":452},[44,71891,186],{"class":62},[44,71893,50469],{"class":452},[44,71895,3453],{"class":62},[30,71897,71899],{"id":71898},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,71901,64794,71902,71904,71905,71907],{},[15,71903,55156],{}," deletes only the ",[3563,71906,29736],{}," one.",[35,71909,71911],{"className":37,"code":71910,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,71912,71913,71953,71971],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71914,71915,71917,71919,71921,71923,71925,71927,71929,71931,71933,71935,71937,71939,71941,71943,71945,71947,71949,71951],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71916,7609],{"class":50},[44,71918,55],{"class":54},[44,71920,3440],{"class":62},[44,71922,67],{"class":66},[44,71924,3903],{"class":70},[44,71926,67],{"class":66},[44,71928,186],{"class":62},[44,71930,1438],{"class":66},[44,71932,3912],{"class":70},[44,71934,67],{"class":66},[44,71936,186],{"class":62},[44,71938,1438],{"class":66},[44,71940,3903],{"class":70},[44,71942,67],{"class":66},[44,71944,186],{"class":62},[44,71946,1438],{"class":66},[44,71948,33046],{"class":70},[44,71950,67],{"class":66},[44,71952,3453],{"class":62},[44,71954,71955,71957,71959,71961,71963,71965,71967,71969],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,71956,7640],{"class":50},[44,71958,504],{"class":62},[44,71960,34621],{"class":97},[44,71962,63],{"class":62},[44,71964,67],{"class":66},[44,71966,3903],{"class":70},[44,71968,67],{"class":66},[44,71970,76],{"class":62},[44,71972,71973,71975,71977,71979],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,71974,82],{"class":58},[44,71976,63],{"class":62},[44,71978,7640],{"class":97},[44,71980,76],{"class":62},[20,71982,1031],{},[35,71984,71986],{"className":37,"code":71985,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71987,71988],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71989,71990,71992,71994,71996,71998,72000,72002,72004,72006,72008,72010,72012,72014],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71991,3723],{"class":62},[44,71993,476],{"class":66},[44,71995,3912],{"class":70},[44,71997,476],{"class":66},[44,71999,186],{"class":62},[44,72001,470],{"class":66},[44,72003,3903],{"class":70},[44,72005,476],{"class":66},[44,72007,186],{"class":62},[44,72009,470],{"class":66},[44,72011,33046],{"class":70},[44,72013,476],{"class":66},[44,72015,3453],{"class":62},[20,72017,72018,72019,72021],{},"Only the first ",[15,72020,57461],{}," was removed.",[20,72023,72024,72025,72027],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72026,55156],{}," again:",[35,72029,72031],{"className":37,"code":72030,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72032,72033,72073,72091,72109],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72034,72035,72037,72039,72041,72043,72045,72047,72049,72051,72053,72055,72057,72059,72061,72063,72065,72067,72069,72071],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72036,7609],{"class":50},[44,72038,55],{"class":54},[44,72040,3440],{"class":62},[44,72042,67],{"class":66},[44,72044,3903],{"class":70},[44,72046,67],{"class":66},[44,72048,186],{"class":62},[44,72050,1438],{"class":66},[44,72052,3912],{"class":70},[44,72054,67],{"class":66},[44,72056,186],{"class":62},[44,72058,1438],{"class":66},[44,72060,3903],{"class":70},[44,72062,67],{"class":66},[44,72064,186],{"class":62},[44,72066,1438],{"class":66},[44,72068,33046],{"class":70},[44,72070,67],{"class":66},[44,72072,3453],{"class":62},[44,72074,72075,72077,72079,72081,72083,72085,72087,72089],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,72076,7640],{"class":50},[44,72078,504],{"class":62},[44,72080,34621],{"class":97},[44,72082,63],{"class":62},[44,72084,67],{"class":66},[44,72086,3903],{"class":70},[44,72088,67],{"class":66},[44,72090,76],{"class":62},[44,72092,72093,72095,72097,72099,72101,72103,72105,72107],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,72094,7640],{"class":50},[44,72096,504],{"class":62},[44,72098,34621],{"class":97},[44,72100,63],{"class":62},[44,72102,67],{"class":66},[44,72104,3903],{"class":70},[44,72106,67],{"class":66},[44,72108,76],{"class":62},[44,72110,72111,72113,72115,72117],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,72112,82],{"class":58},[44,72114,63],{"class":62},[44,72116,7640],{"class":97},[44,72118,76],{"class":62},[20,72120,1031],{},[35,72122,72124],{"className":37,"code":72123,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72125,72126],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72127,72128,72130,72132,72134,72136,72138,72140,72142,72144],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72129,3723],{"class":62},[44,72131,476],{"class":66},[44,72133,3912],{"class":70},[44,72135,476],{"class":66},[44,72137,186],{"class":62},[44,72139,470],{"class":66},[44,72141,33046],{"class":70},[44,72143,476],{"class":66},[44,72145,3453],{"class":62},[20,72147,72148,72149,72151],{},"If you need to remove ",[3563,72150,3535],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[35,72153,72155],{"className":37,"code":72154,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72156,72157,72197,72231],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72158,72159,72161,72163,72165,72167,72169,72171,72173,72175,72177,72179,72181,72183,72185,72187,72189,72191,72193,72195],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72160,7609],{"class":50},[44,72162,55],{"class":54},[44,72164,3440],{"class":62},[44,72166,67],{"class":66},[44,72168,3903],{"class":70},[44,72170,67],{"class":66},[44,72172,186],{"class":62},[44,72174,1438],{"class":66},[44,72176,3912],{"class":70},[44,72178,67],{"class":66},[44,72180,186],{"class":62},[44,72182,1438],{"class":66},[44,72184,3903],{"class":70},[44,72186,67],{"class":66},[44,72188,186],{"class":62},[44,72190,1438],{"class":66},[44,72192,33046],{"class":70},[44,72194,67],{"class":66},[44,72196,3453],{"class":62},[44,72198,72199,72201,72203,72205,72207,72209,72211,72213,72216,72218,72220,72223,72225,72227,72229],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,72200,7609],{"class":50},[44,72202,55],{"class":54},[44,72204,3440],{"class":62},[44,72206,28369],{"class":50},[44,72208,5787],{"class":1384},[44,72210,5790],{"class":50},[44,72212,3705],{"class":1384},[44,72214,72215],{"class":50}," items ",[44,72217,6828],{"class":1384},[44,72219,5790],{"class":50},[44,72221,72222],{"class":54},"!=",[44,72224,1438],{"class":66},[44,72226,3903],{"class":70},[44,72228,67],{"class":66},[44,72230,3453],{"class":62},[44,72232,72233,72235,72237,72239],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,72234,82],{"class":58},[44,72236,63],{"class":62},[44,72238,7640],{"class":97},[44,72240,76],{"class":62},[20,72242,1031],{},[35,72244,72245],{"className":37,"code":72123,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,72246,72247],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72248,72249,72251,72253,72255,72257,72259,72261,72263,72265],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72250,3723],{"class":62},[44,72252,476],{"class":66},[44,72254,3912],{"class":70},[44,72256,476],{"class":66},[44,72258,186],{"class":62},[44,72260,470],{"class":66},[44,72262,33046],{"class":70},[44,72264,476],{"class":66},[44,72266,3453],{"class":62},[30,72268,65260],{"id":65259},[20,72270,65263,72271,504],{},[15,72272,1144],{},[35,72274,72276],{"className":37,"code":72275,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72277,72278,72310],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72279,72280,72282,72284,72286,72288,72290,72292,72294,72296,72298,72300,72302,72304,72306,72308],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72281,7609],{"class":50},[44,72283,55],{"class":54},[44,72285,3440],{"class":62},[44,72287,67],{"class":66},[44,72289,3903],{"class":70},[44,72291,67],{"class":66},[44,72293,186],{"class":62},[44,72295,1438],{"class":66},[44,72297,3912],{"class":70},[44,72299,67],{"class":66},[44,72301,186],{"class":62},[44,72303,1438],{"class":66},[44,72305,33046],{"class":70},[44,72307,67],{"class":66},[44,72309,3453],{"class":62},[44,72311,72312,72314,72316,72318,72320,72322,72324,72326],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,72313,7640],{"class":50},[44,72315,504],{"class":62},[44,72317,34621],{"class":97},[44,72319,63],{"class":62},[44,72321,67],{"class":66},[44,72323,22361],{"class":70},[44,72325,67],{"class":66},[44,72327,76],{"class":62},[20,72329,1031],{},[35,72331,72333],{"className":37,"code":72332,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72334,72335],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72336,72337,72339,72341,72343,72345,72347,72349,72351,72353,72355,72357,72359],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72338,1144],{"class":426},[44,72340,449],{"class":62},[44,72342,22388],{"class":426},[44,72344,504],{"class":62},[44,72346,34621],{"class":97},[44,72348,63],{"class":62},[44,72350,2003],{"class":97},[44,72352,16280],{"class":62},[44,72354,3702],{"class":50},[44,72356,4457],{"class":54},[44,72358,21002],{"class":54},[44,72360,72361],{"class":426}," list\n",[20,72363,72364],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72366,72367],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[35,72369,72371],{"className":37,"code":72370,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72372,72373,72405,72417,72421,72433,72448,72452],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72374,72375,72377,72379,72381,72383,72385,72387,72389,72391,72393,72395,72397,72399,72401,72403],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72376,7609],{"class":50},[44,72378,55],{"class":54},[44,72380,3440],{"class":62},[44,72382,67],{"class":66},[44,72384,3903],{"class":70},[44,72386,67],{"class":66},[44,72388,186],{"class":62},[44,72390,1438],{"class":66},[44,72392,3912],{"class":70},[44,72394,67],{"class":66},[44,72396,186],{"class":62},[44,72398,1438],{"class":66},[44,72400,33046],{"class":70},[44,72402,67],{"class":66},[44,72404,3453],{"class":62},[44,72406,72407,72409,72411,72413,72415],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,72408,338],{"class":50},[44,72410,55],{"class":54},[44,72412,1438],{"class":66},[44,72414,22361],{"class":70},[44,72416,3176],{"class":66},[44,72418,72419],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,72420,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,72422,72423,72425,72427,72429,72431],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,72424,6828],{"class":1384},[44,72426,21413],{"class":50},[44,72428,3705],{"class":54},[44,72430,5795],{"class":50},[44,72432,1388],{"class":62},[44,72434,72435,72438,72440,72442,72444,72446],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,72436,72437],{"class":50},"    items",[44,72439,504],{"class":62},[44,72441,34621],{"class":97},[44,72443,63],{"class":62},[44,72445,354],{"class":97},[44,72447,76],{"class":62},[44,72449,72450],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,72451,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,72453,72454,72456,72458,72460],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,72455,82],{"class":58},[44,72457,63],{"class":62},[44,72459,7640],{"class":97},[44,72461,76],{"class":62},[20,72463,1031],{},[35,72465,72467],{"className":37,"code":72466,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72468,72469],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72470,72471,72473,72475,72477,72479,72481,72483,72485,72487,72489,72491,72493,72495],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72472,3723],{"class":62},[44,72474,476],{"class":66},[44,72476,3903],{"class":70},[44,72478,476],{"class":66},[44,72480,186],{"class":62},[44,72482,470],{"class":66},[44,72484,3912],{"class":70},[44,72486,476],{"class":66},[44,72488,186],{"class":62},[44,72490,470],{"class":66},[44,72492,33046],{"class":70},[44,72494,476],{"class":66},[44,72496,3453],{"class":62},[20,72498,72499,72500,72502],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72501,55156],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72504,72505,72506,504],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[491,72507,65469],{"href":72508},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[30,72510,72512],{"id":72511},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72514,72515,1126,72517,72519],{},[15,72516,55156],{},[15,72518,12587],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[126,72521,72522,72529,72535,72541],{},[129,72523,72524,72526,72527],{},[15,72525,55156],{}," deletes by ",[3563,72528,354],{},[129,72530,72531,72526,72533],{},[15,72532,12587],{},[3563,72534,35673],{},[129,72536,72537,2228,72539],{},[15,72538,55156],{},[15,72540,3599],{},[129,72542,72543,72545],{},[15,72544,12587],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72547,1319,72548,449],{},[15,72549,55156],{},[35,72551,72553],{"className":37,"code":72552,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72554,72555,72587,72605],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72556,72557,72559,72561,72563,72565,72567,72569,72571,72573,72575,72577,72579,72581,72583,72585],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72558,7609],{"class":50},[44,72560,55],{"class":54},[44,72562,3440],{"class":62},[44,72564,67],{"class":66},[44,72566,3903],{"class":70},[44,72568,67],{"class":66},[44,72570,186],{"class":62},[44,72572,1438],{"class":66},[44,72574,3912],{"class":70},[44,72576,67],{"class":66},[44,72578,186],{"class":62},[44,72580,1438],{"class":66},[44,72582,33046],{"class":70},[44,72584,67],{"class":66},[44,72586,3453],{"class":62},[44,72588,72589,72591,72593,72595,72597,72599,72601,72603],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,72590,7640],{"class":50},[44,72592,504],{"class":62},[44,72594,34621],{"class":97},[44,72596,63],{"class":62},[44,72598,67],{"class":66},[44,72600,3912],{"class":70},[44,72602,67],{"class":66},[44,72604,76],{"class":62},[44,72606,72607,72609,72611,72613],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,72608,82],{"class":58},[44,72610,63],{"class":62},[44,72612,7640],{"class":97},[44,72614,76],{"class":62},[20,72616,1031],{},[35,72618,72620],{"className":37,"code":72619,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72621,72622],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72623,72624,72626,72628,72630,72632,72634,72636,72638,72640],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72625,3723],{"class":62},[44,72627,476],{"class":66},[44,72629,3903],{"class":70},[44,72631,476],{"class":66},[44,72633,186],{"class":62},[44,72635,470],{"class":66},[44,72637,33046],{"class":70},[44,72639,476],{"class":66},[44,72641,3453],{"class":62},[20,72643,1319,72644,449],{},[15,72645,12587],{},[35,72647,72649],{"className":37,"code":72648,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,72650,72651,72683,72702,72706,72716],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72652,72653,72655,72657,72659,72661,72663,72665,72667,72669,72671,72673,72675,72677,72679,72681],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72654,7609],{"class":50},[44,72656,55],{"class":54},[44,72658,3440],{"class":62},[44,72660,67],{"class":66},[44,72662,3903],{"class":70},[44,72664,67],{"class":66},[44,72666,186],{"class":62},[44,72668,1438],{"class":66},[44,72670,3912],{"class":70},[44,72672,67],{"class":66},[44,72674,186],{"class":62},[44,72676,1438],{"class":66},[44,72678,33046],{"class":70},[44,72680,67],{"class":66},[44,72682,3453],{"class":62},[44,72684,72685,72688,72690,72692,72694,72696,72698,72700],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,72686,72687],{"class":50},"removed_item ",[44,72689,55],{"class":54},[44,72691,5795],{"class":50},[44,72693,504],{"class":62},[44,72695,26071],{"class":97},[44,72697,63],{"class":62},[44,72699,2807],{"class":452},[44,72701,76],{"class":62},[44,72703,72704],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,72705,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,72707,72708,72710,72712,72714],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,72709,82],{"class":58},[44,72711,63],{"class":62},[44,72713,7640],{"class":97},[44,72715,76],{"class":62},[44,72717,72718,72720,72722,72725],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,72719,82],{"class":58},[44,72721,63],{"class":62},[44,72723,72724],{"class":97},"removed_item",[44,72726,76],{"class":62},[20,72728,1031],{},[35,72730,72732],{"className":37,"code":72731,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,72733,72734,72754],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72735,72736,72738,72740,72742,72744,72746,72748,72750,72752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72737,3723],{"class":62},[44,72739,476],{"class":66},[44,72741,3903],{"class":70},[44,72743,476],{"class":66},[44,72745,186],{"class":62},[44,72747,470],{"class":66},[44,72749,33046],{"class":70},[44,72751,476],{"class":66},[44,72753,3453],{"class":62},[44,72755,72756],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,72757,70036],{"class":50},[20,72759,103,72760,72762],{},[15,72761,55156],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,72764,103,72765,72767],{},[15,72766,12587],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,72769,72770,72771,504],{},"For more detail, see the ",[491,72772,72773],{"href":54706},"Python list pop() method",[30,72775,72777],{"id":72776},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,72779,72780,1126,72782,72784],{},[15,72781,55156],{},[15,72783,26855],{}," are also different.",[126,72786,72787,72792,72797,72802],{},[129,72788,72789,72791],{},[15,72790,55156],{}," deletes by matching value",[129,72793,72794,72796],{},[15,72795,26855],{}," deletes by index or slice",[129,72798,103,72799,72801],{},[15,72800,26855],{}," when you know the position",[129,72803,103,72804,72806],{},[15,72805,55156],{}," when you know the item value",[20,72808,1319,72809,449],{},[15,72810,26855],{},[35,72812,72814],{"className":37,"code":72813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72815,72816,72848,72860],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72817,72818,72820,72822,72824,72826,72828,72830,72832,72834,72836,72838,72840,72842,72844,72846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72819,7609],{"class":50},[44,72821,55],{"class":54},[44,72823,3440],{"class":62},[44,72825,67],{"class":66},[44,72827,3903],{"class":70},[44,72829,67],{"class":66},[44,72831,186],{"class":62},[44,72833,1438],{"class":66},[44,72835,3912],{"class":70},[44,72837,67],{"class":66},[44,72839,186],{"class":62},[44,72841,1438],{"class":66},[44,72843,33046],{"class":70},[44,72845,67],{"class":66},[44,72847,3453],{"class":62},[44,72849,72850,72852,72854,72856,72858],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,72851,26855],{"class":1384},[44,72853,5795],{"class":50},[44,72855,3723],{"class":62},[44,72857,2807],{"class":452},[44,72859,3453],{"class":62},[44,72861,72862,72864,72866,72868],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,72863,82],{"class":58},[44,72865,63],{"class":62},[44,72867,7640],{"class":97},[44,72869,76],{"class":62},[20,72871,1031],{},[35,72873,72874],{"className":37,"code":72619,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,72875,72876],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72877,72878,72880,72882,72884,72886,72888,72890,72892,72894],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72879,3723],{"class":62},[44,72881,476],{"class":66},[44,72883,3903],{"class":70},[44,72885,476],{"class":66},[44,72887,186],{"class":62},[44,72889,470],{"class":66},[44,72891,33046],{"class":70},[44,72893,476],{"class":66},[44,72895,3453],{"class":62},[20,72897,72898,72899,72901,72902,72904],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,72900,2807],{},", not the value ",[15,72903,64904],{}," directly.",[20,72906,72907,72908,504],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[491,72909,54695],{"href":54694},[30,72911,1486],{"id":1485},[20,72913,21040,72914,449],{},[15,72915,55156],{},[126,72917,72918,72921,72926,72933,72942],{},[129,72919,72920],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[129,72922,8279,72923,72925],{},[15,72924,55156],{}," to delete all matching values",[129,72927,12419,72928,72930,72931],{},[15,72929,55156],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,72932,3599],{},[129,72934,8243,72935,44444,72937,497,72939,72941],{},[15,72936,55156],{},[15,72938,12587],{},[15,72940,26855],{}," would be a better fit",[129,72943,72944],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,72946,71136],{},[35,72948,72950],{"className":37,"code":72949,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,72951,72952,72962,72976,72994,73008],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72953,72954,72956,72958,72960],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72955,82],{"class":58},[44,72957,63],{"class":62},[44,72959,8164],{"class":97},[44,72961,76],{"class":62},[44,72963,72964,72966,72968,72970,72972,72974],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,72965,82],{"class":58},[44,72967,63],{"class":62},[44,72969,338],{"class":97},[44,72971,3705],{"class":1384},[44,72973,8221],{"class":97},[44,72975,76],{"class":62},[44,72977,72978,72980,72982,72984,72986,72988,72990,72992],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,72979,82],{"class":58},[44,72981,63],{"class":62},[44,72983,8164],{"class":97},[44,72985,504],{"class":62},[44,72987,41082],{"class":97},[44,72989,63],{"class":62},[44,72991,354],{"class":97},[44,72993,434],{"class":62},[44,72995,72996,72998,73000,73002,73004,73006],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,72997,82],{"class":58},[44,72999,63],{"class":62},[44,73001,427],{"class":426},[44,73003,63],{"class":62},[44,73005,8164],{"class":97},[44,73007,434],{"class":62},[44,73009,73010,73012,73014,73016,73018,73020],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,73011,31978],{"class":58},[44,73013,63],{"class":62},[44,73015,7921],{"class":426},[44,73017,504],{"class":62},[44,73019,34621],{"class":24579},[44,73021,76],{"class":62},[20,73023,73024],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[126,73026,73027,73030,73033,73036],{},[129,73028,73029],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[129,73031,73032],{},"How many times does it appear?",[129,73034,73035],{},"Am I working with a list?",[129,73037,73038],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73040,73041,73042,73044],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[491,73043,71300],{"href":58593}," may also help.",[30,73046,1651],{"id":1650},[600,73048,73050],{"id":73049},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73052,73053],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[600,73055,73057],{"id":73056},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73059,4976,73060,73062],{},[15,73061,3599],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[600,73064,73066],{"id":73065},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73068,73069,73070,73073,73074,504],{},"Check with ",[15,73071,73072],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73075,55156],{},[600,73077,73079],{"id":73078},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73081,103,73082,73084,73085,73087],{},[15,73083,55156],{}," for a value and ",[15,73086,12587],{}," for an index.",[30,73089,1719],{"id":1718},[126,73091,73092,73096,73100,73104,73108],{},[129,73093,73094],{},[491,73095,55142],{"href":54694},[129,73097,73098],{},[491,73099,72773],{"href":54706},[129,73101,73102],{},[491,73103,71300],{"href":58593},[129,73105,73106],{},[491,73107,65469],{"href":72508},[129,73109,73110],{},[491,73111,73113],{"href":73112},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1758,73115,73116],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":73118},[73119,73120,73121,73122,73123,73124,73125,73126,73127,73128,73134],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":71445,"depth":79,"text":71446},{"id":5259,"depth":79,"text":5260},{"id":5615,"depth":79,"text":5616},{"id":71898,"depth":79,"text":71899},{"id":65259,"depth":79,"text":65260},{"id":72511,"depth":79,"text":72512},{"id":72776,"depth":79,"text":72777},{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":73129},[73130,73131,73132,73133],{"id":73049,"depth":419,"text":73050},{"id":73056,"depth":419,"text":73057},{"id":73065,"depth":419,"text":73066},{"id":73078,"depth":419,"text":73079},{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71348,"description":73135},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73142,"title":73143,"body":73144,"description":75035,"extension":1796,"meta":75036,"navigation":807,"path":75037,"seo":75038,"stem":75039,"__hash__":75040},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73145,"toc":75005},[73146,73152,73158,73161,73172,73174,73223,73228,73233,73237,73252,73254,73319,73321,73362,73364,73366,73381,73383,73394,73396,73453,73455,73488,73490,73493,73542,73544,73569,73571,73587,73593,73600,73661,73663,73696,73701,73704,73784,73786,73847,73853,73857,73860,73924,73926,73951,73953,73973,73975,74024,74026,74047,74056,74059,74063,74068,74113,74115,74136,74142,74147,74155,74219,74221,74258,74264,74268,74275,74340,74342,74379,74383,74400,74410,74415,74420,74431,74438,74440,74446,74469,74472,74499,74504,74507,74608,74610,74665,74668,74775,74777,74848,74851,74877,74879,74884,74888,74896,74901,74906,74912,74917,74921,74924,74941,74944,74964,74972,74974,75002],[10,73147,53969,73149,11147],{"id":73148},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73150,73151],{},"reverse()",[20,73153,73154,73157],{},[15,73155,73156],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73159,73160],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73162,73163,73164,73166,73167,73171],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73165,73151],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[491,73168,73170],{"href":73169},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[30,73173,3425],{"id":3424},[35,73175,73177],{"className":37,"code":73176,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73178,73179,73199,73210],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73180,73181,73183,73185,73187,73189,73191,73193,73195,73197],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73182,3435],{"class":50},[44,73184,55],{"class":54},[44,73186,3440],{"class":62},[44,73188,2807],{"class":452},[44,73190,186],{"class":62},[44,73192,2812],{"class":452},[44,73194,186],{"class":62},[44,73196,2282],{"class":452},[44,73198,3453],{"class":62},[44,73200,73201,73203,73205,73208],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,73202,3467],{"class":50},[44,73204,504],{"class":62},[44,73206,73207],{"class":97},"reverse",[44,73209,345],{"class":62},[44,73211,73212,73214,73216,73218,73220],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,73213,82],{"class":58},[44,73215,63],{"class":62},[44,73217,3467],{"class":97},[44,73219,3480],{"class":62},[44,73221,73222],{"class":3483},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73224,73225,73227],{},[15,73226,73151],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[30,73229,113,73231,116],{"id":73230},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73232,73156],{},[20,73234,73235,449],{},[15,73236,73156],{},[126,73238,73239,73242,73245,73249],{},[129,73240,73241],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[129,73243,73244],{},"Changes the original list directly",[129,73246,11249,73247],{},[15,73248,3599],{},[129,73250,73251],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73253,145],{},[35,73255,73257],{"className":37,"code":73256,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73258,73259,73299,73309],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73260,73261,73263,73265,73267,73269,73271,73273,73275,73277,73279,73281,73283,73285,73287,73289,73291,73293,73295,73297],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73262,35915],{"class":50},[44,73264,55],{"class":54},[44,73266,3440],{"class":62},[44,73268,67],{"class":66},[44,73270,491],{"class":70},[44,73272,67],{"class":66},[44,73274,186],{"class":62},[44,73276,1438],{"class":66},[44,73278,4587],{"class":70},[44,73280,67],{"class":66},[44,73282,186],{"class":62},[44,73284,1438],{"class":66},[44,73286,9561],{"class":70},[44,73288,67],{"class":66},[44,73290,186],{"class":62},[44,73292,1438],{"class":66},[44,73294,18598],{"class":70},[44,73296,67],{"class":66},[44,73298,3453],{"class":62},[44,73300,73301,73303,73305,73307],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,73302,35968],{"class":50},[44,73304,504],{"class":62},[44,73306,73207],{"class":97},[44,73308,345],{"class":62},[44,73310,73311,73313,73315,73317],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,73312,82],{"class":58},[44,73314,63],{"class":62},[44,73316,35968],{"class":97},[44,73318,76],{"class":62},[20,73320,1031],{},[35,73322,73324],{"className":37,"code":73323,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73325,73326],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73327,73328,73330,73332,73334,73336,73338,73340,73342,73344,73346,73348,73350,73352,73354,73356,73358,73360],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73329,3723],{"class":62},[44,73331,476],{"class":66},[44,73333,18598],{"class":70},[44,73335,476],{"class":66},[44,73337,186],{"class":62},[44,73339,470],{"class":66},[44,73341,9561],{"class":70},[44,73343,476],{"class":66},[44,73345,186],{"class":62},[44,73347,470],{"class":66},[44,73349,4587],{"class":70},[44,73351,476],{"class":66},[44,73353,186],{"class":62},[44,73355,470],{"class":66},[44,73357,491],{"class":70},[44,73359,476],{"class":66},[44,73361,3453],{"class":62},[30,73363,250],{"id":249},[20,73365,1989],{},[35,73367,73369],{"className":37,"code":73368,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73370,73371],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73372,73373,73375,73377,73379],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73374,8164],{"class":50},[44,73376,504],{"class":62},[44,73378,73207],{"class":97},[44,73380,345],{"class":62},[20,73382,12877],{},[126,73384,73385,73388,73391],{},[129,73386,73387],{},"No arguments are needed",[129,73389,73390],{},"You call it on an existing list",[129,73392,73393],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73395,145],{},[35,73397,73399],{"className":37,"code":73398,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73400,73401,73433,73443],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73402,73403,73405,73407,73409,73411,73413,73415,73417,73419,73421,73423,73425,73427,73429,73431],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73404,12901],{"class":50},[44,73406,55],{"class":54},[44,73408,3440],{"class":62},[44,73410,67],{"class":66},[44,73412,12918],{"class":70},[44,73414,67],{"class":66},[44,73416,186],{"class":62},[44,73418,1438],{"class":66},[44,73420,17285],{"class":70},[44,73422,67],{"class":66},[44,73424,186],{"class":62},[44,73426,1438],{"class":66},[44,73428,12935],{"class":70},[44,73430,67],{"class":66},[44,73432,3453],{"class":62},[44,73434,73435,73437,73439,73441],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,73436,17332],{"class":50},[44,73438,504],{"class":62},[44,73440,73207],{"class":97},[44,73442,345],{"class":62},[44,73444,73445,73447,73449,73451],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,73446,82],{"class":58},[44,73448,63],{"class":62},[44,73450,17332],{"class":97},[44,73452,76],{"class":62},[20,73454,1031],{},[35,73456,73458],{"className":37,"code":73457,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73459,73460],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73461,73462,73464,73466,73468,73470,73472,73474,73476,73478,73480,73482,73484,73486],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73463,3723],{"class":62},[44,73465,476],{"class":66},[44,73467,12935],{"class":70},[44,73469,476],{"class":66},[44,73471,186],{"class":62},[44,73473,470],{"class":66},[44,73475,17285],{"class":70},[44,73477,476],{"class":66},[44,73479,186],{"class":62},[44,73481,470],{"class":66},[44,73483,12918],{"class":70},[44,73485,476],{"class":66},[44,73487,3453],{"class":62},[30,73489,11300],{"id":11299},[20,73491,73492],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[35,73494,73496],{"className":37,"code":73495,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73497,73498,73522,73532],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73499,73500,73502,73504,73506,73508,73510,73512,73514,73516,73518,73520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73501,3435],{"class":50},[44,73503,55],{"class":54},[44,73505,3440],{"class":62},[44,73507,2161],{"class":452},[44,73509,186],{"class":62},[44,73511,7620],{"class":452},[44,73513,186],{"class":62},[44,73515,7625],{"class":452},[44,73517,186],{"class":62},[44,73519,50469],{"class":452},[44,73521,3453],{"class":62},[44,73523,73524,73526,73528,73530],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,73525,3467],{"class":50},[44,73527,504],{"class":62},[44,73529,73207],{"class":97},[44,73531,345],{"class":62},[44,73533,73534,73536,73538,73540],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,73535,82],{"class":58},[44,73537,63],{"class":62},[44,73539,3467],{"class":97},[44,73541,76],{"class":62},[20,73543,1031],{},[35,73545,73547],{"className":37,"code":73546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73548,73549],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73550,73551,73553,73555,73557,73559,73561,73563,73565,73567],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73552,3723],{"class":62},[44,73554,56320],{"class":452},[44,73556,186],{"class":62},[44,73558,7625],{"class":452},[44,73560,186],{"class":62},[44,73562,7620],{"class":452},[44,73564,186],{"class":62},[44,73566,5834],{"class":452},[44,73568,3453],{"class":62},[20,73570,11509],{},[126,73572,73573,73579,73584],{},[129,73574,73575,73576],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73577,73578],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[129,73580,73581,73583],{},[15,73582,73151],{}," flips the order",[129,73585,73586],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[30,73588,73590,73592],{"id":73589},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73591,73151],{}," changes the original list",[20,73594,73595,73596,73599],{},"This method is ",[3563,73597,73598],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[35,73601,73603],{"className":37,"code":73602,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73604,73605,73637,73647,73651],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73606,73607,73609,73611,73613,73615,73617,73619,73621,73623,73625,73627,73629,73631,73633,73635],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73608,36064],{"class":50},[44,73610,55],{"class":54},[44,73612,3440],{"class":62},[44,73614,67],{"class":66},[44,73616,3903],{"class":70},[44,73618,67],{"class":66},[44,73620,186],{"class":62},[44,73622,1438],{"class":66},[44,73624,3912],{"class":70},[44,73626,67],{"class":66},[44,73628,186],{"class":62},[44,73630,1438],{"class":66},[44,73632,3921],{"class":70},[44,73634,67],{"class":66},[44,73636,3453],{"class":62},[44,73638,73639,73641,73643,73645],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,73640,36116],{"class":50},[44,73642,504],{"class":62},[44,73644,73207],{"class":97},[44,73646,345],{"class":62},[44,73648,73649],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,73650,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,73652,73653,73655,73657,73659],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,73654,82],{"class":58},[44,73656,63],{"class":62},[44,73658,36116],{"class":97},[44,73660,76],{"class":62},[20,73662,1031],{},[35,73664,73666],{"className":37,"code":73665,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73667,73668],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73669,73670,73672,73674,73676,73678,73680,73682,73684,73686,73688,73690,73692,73694],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73671,3723],{"class":62},[44,73673,476],{"class":66},[44,73675,3921],{"class":70},[44,73677,476],{"class":66},[44,73679,186],{"class":62},[44,73681,470],{"class":66},[44,73683,3912],{"class":70},[44,73685,476],{"class":66},[44,73687,186],{"class":62},[44,73689,470],{"class":66},[44,73691,3903],{"class":70},[44,73693,476],{"class":66},[44,73695,3453],{"class":62},[20,73697,103,73698,73700],{},[15,73699,73151],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,73702,73703],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[35,73705,73707],{"className":37,"code":73706,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,73708,73709,73741,73759,73763,73773],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73710,73711,73713,73715,73717,73719,73721,73723,73725,73727,73729,73731,73733,73735,73737,73739],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73712,36064],{"class":50},[44,73714,55],{"class":54},[44,73716,3440],{"class":62},[44,73718,67],{"class":66},[44,73720,3903],{"class":70},[44,73722,67],{"class":66},[44,73724,186],{"class":62},[44,73726,1438],{"class":66},[44,73728,3912],{"class":70},[44,73730,67],{"class":66},[44,73732,186],{"class":62},[44,73734,1438],{"class":66},[44,73736,3921],{"class":70},[44,73738,67],{"class":66},[44,73740,3453],{"class":62},[44,73742,73743,73746,73748,73750,73753,73755,73757],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,73744,73745],{"class":50},"reversed_fruits ",[44,73747,55],{"class":54},[44,73749,52478],{"class":50},[44,73751,73752],{"class":62},"[::",[44,73754,1854],{"class":54},[44,73756,2807],{"class":452},[44,73758,3453],{"class":62},[44,73760,73761],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,73762,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,73764,73765,73767,73769,73771],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,73766,82],{"class":58},[44,73768,63],{"class":62},[44,73770,36116],{"class":97},[44,73772,76],{"class":62},[44,73774,73775,73777,73779,73782],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,73776,82],{"class":58},[44,73778,63],{"class":62},[44,73780,73781],{"class":97},"reversed_fruits",[44,73783,76],{"class":62},[20,73785,1031],{},[35,73787,73789],{"className":37,"code":73788,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73790,73791,73819],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73792,73793,73795,73797,73799,73801,73803,73805,73807,73809,73811,73813,73815,73817],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73794,3723],{"class":62},[44,73796,476],{"class":66},[44,73798,3903],{"class":70},[44,73800,476],{"class":66},[44,73802,186],{"class":62},[44,73804,470],{"class":66},[44,73806,3912],{"class":70},[44,73808,476],{"class":66},[44,73810,186],{"class":62},[44,73812,470],{"class":66},[44,73814,3921],{"class":70},[44,73816,476],{"class":66},[44,73818,3453],{"class":62},[44,73820,73821,73823,73825,73827,73829,73831,73833,73835,73837,73839,73841,73843,73845],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,73822,3723],{"class":62},[44,73824,476],{"class":66},[44,73826,3921],{"class":70},[44,73828,476],{"class":66},[44,73830,186],{"class":62},[44,73832,470],{"class":66},[44,73834,3912],{"class":70},[44,73836,476],{"class":66},[44,73838,186],{"class":62},[44,73840,470],{"class":66},[44,73842,3903],{"class":70},[44,73844,476],{"class":66},[44,73846,3453],{"class":62},[20,73848,73849,73850,504],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[491,73851,73852],{"href":73169},"Python list slicing explained",[30,73854,73856],{"id":73855},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,73858,73859],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[35,73861,73863],{"className":37,"code":73862,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73864,73865,73885,73899,73903,73914],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73866,73867,73869,73871,73873,73875,73877,73879,73881,73883],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73868,3435],{"class":50},[44,73870,55],{"class":54},[44,73872,3440],{"class":62},[44,73874,2807],{"class":452},[44,73876,186],{"class":62},[44,73878,2812],{"class":452},[44,73880,186],{"class":62},[44,73882,2282],{"class":452},[44,73884,3453],{"class":62},[44,73886,73887,73889,73891,73893,73895,73897],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,73888,55517],{"class":50},[44,73890,55],{"class":54},[44,73892,4088],{"class":50},[44,73894,504],{"class":62},[44,73896,73207],{"class":97},[44,73898,345],{"class":62},[44,73900,73901],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,73902,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,73904,73905,73907,73909,73912],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,73906,82],{"class":58},[44,73908,63],{"class":62},[44,73910,73911],{"class":97},"new_list",[44,73913,76],{"class":62},[44,73915,73916,73918,73920,73922],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,73917,82],{"class":58},[44,73919,63],{"class":62},[44,73921,3467],{"class":97},[44,73923,76],{"class":62},[20,73925,1031],{},[35,73927,73929],{"className":37,"code":73928,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73930,73931,73935],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73932,73933],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73934,11633],{"class":3674},[44,73936,73937,73939,73941,73943,73945,73947,73949],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,73938,3723],{"class":62},[44,73940,1894],{"class":452},[44,73942,186],{"class":62},[44,73944,2812],{"class":452},[44,73946,186],{"class":62},[44,73948,711],{"class":452},[44,73950,3453],{"class":62},[20,73952,11725],{},[126,73954,73955,73963,73967],{},[129,73956,73957,73959,73960,73962],{},[15,73958,73151],{}," changes ",[15,73961,3467],{}," directly",[129,73964,40730,73965,71469],{},[3563,73966,4457],{},[129,73968,53280,73969,1698,73971],{},[15,73970,73911],{},[15,73972,3599],{},[20,73974,61527],{},[35,73976,73978],{"className":37,"code":73977,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73979,73980,74000,74010,74014],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73981,73982,73984,73986,73988,73990,73992,73994,73996,73998],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73983,3435],{"class":50},[44,73985,55],{"class":54},[44,73987,3440],{"class":62},[44,73989,2807],{"class":452},[44,73991,186],{"class":62},[44,73993,2812],{"class":452},[44,73995,186],{"class":62},[44,73997,2282],{"class":452},[44,73999,3453],{"class":62},[44,74001,74002,74004,74006,74008],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,74003,3467],{"class":50},[44,74005,504],{"class":62},[44,74007,73207],{"class":97},[44,74009,345],{"class":62},[44,74011,74012],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,74013,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,74015,74016,74018,74020,74022],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,74017,82],{"class":58},[44,74019,63],{"class":62},[44,74021,3467],{"class":97},[44,74023,76],{"class":62},[20,74025,1031],{},[35,74027,74029],{"className":37,"code":74028,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74030,74031],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74032,74033,74035,74037,74039,74041,74043,74045],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74034,3723],{"class":62},[44,74036,1894],{"class":452},[44,74038,186],{"class":62},[44,74040,2812],{"class":452},[44,74042,186],{"class":62},[44,74044,711],{"class":452},[44,74046,3453],{"class":62},[30,74048,74050,10408,74052,74055],{"id":74049},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74051,73151],{},[15,74053,74054],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74057,74058],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[600,74060,74061],{"id":73207},[15,74062,73151],{},[20,74064,74065,74067],{},[15,74066,73151],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[35,74069,74071],{"className":37,"code":74070,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74072,74073,74093,74103],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74074,74075,74077,74079,74081,74083,74085,74087,74089,74091],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74076,3435],{"class":50},[44,74078,55],{"class":54},[44,74080,3440],{"class":62},[44,74082,1894],{"class":452},[44,74084,186],{"class":62},[44,74086,711],{"class":452},[44,74088,186],{"class":62},[44,74090,2812],{"class":452},[44,74092,3453],{"class":62},[44,74094,74095,74097,74099,74101],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,74096,3467],{"class":50},[44,74098,504],{"class":62},[44,74100,73207],{"class":97},[44,74102,345],{"class":62},[44,74104,74105,74107,74109,74111],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,74106,82],{"class":58},[44,74108,63],{"class":62},[44,74110,3467],{"class":97},[44,74112,76],{"class":62},[20,74114,1031],{},[35,74116,74118],{"className":37,"code":74117,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74119,74120],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74121,74122,74124,74126,74128,74130,74132,74134],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74123,3723],{"class":62},[44,74125,1889],{"class":452},[44,74127,186],{"class":62},[44,74129,711],{"class":452},[44,74131,186],{"class":62},[44,74133,2282],{"class":452},[44,74135,3453],{"class":62},[20,74137,74138,74139,74141],{},"Notice that this is ",[3563,74140,4457],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[600,74143,74145],{"id":74144},"sorted",[15,74146,74054],{},[20,74148,74149,74154],{},[491,74150,74152],{"href":74151},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74153,74054],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[35,74156,74158],{"className":37,"code":74157,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74159,74160,74180,74195,74199,74209],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74161,74162,74164,74166,74168,74170,74172,74174,74176,74178],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74163,3435],{"class":50},[44,74165,55],{"class":54},[44,74167,3440],{"class":62},[44,74169,1894],{"class":452},[44,74171,186],{"class":62},[44,74173,711],{"class":452},[44,74175,186],{"class":62},[44,74177,2812],{"class":452},[44,74179,3453],{"class":62},[44,74181,74182,74184,74186,74189,74191,74193],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,74183,2059],{"class":50},[44,74185,55],{"class":54},[44,74187,74188],{"class":58}," sorted",[44,74190,63],{"class":62},[44,74192,3467],{"class":97},[44,74194,76],{"class":62},[44,74196,74197],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,74198,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,74200,74201,74203,74205,74207],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,74202,82],{"class":58},[44,74204,63],{"class":62},[44,74206,3467],{"class":97},[44,74208,76],{"class":62},[44,74210,74211,74213,74215,74217],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,74212,82],{"class":58},[44,74214,63],{"class":62},[44,74216,2094],{"class":97},[44,74218,76],{"class":62},[20,74220,1031],{},[35,74222,74224],{"className":37,"code":74223,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74225,74226,74242],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74227,74228,74230,74232,74234,74236,74238,74240],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74229,3723],{"class":62},[44,74231,1894],{"class":452},[44,74233,186],{"class":62},[44,74235,711],{"class":452},[44,74237,186],{"class":62},[44,74239,2812],{"class":452},[44,74241,3453],{"class":62},[44,74243,74244,74246,74248,74250,74252,74254,74256],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,74245,3723],{"class":62},[44,74247,2807],{"class":452},[44,74249,186],{"class":62},[44,74251,2812],{"class":452},[44,74253,186],{"class":62},[44,74255,2282],{"class":452},[44,74257,3453],{"class":62},[20,74259,74260,74261,504],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74262,74263],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[600,74265,74267],{"id":74266},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74269,74270,74271,74274],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74272,74273],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[35,74276,74278],{"className":37,"code":74277,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74279,74280,74300,74316,74320,74330],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74281,74282,74284,74286,74288,74290,74292,74294,74296,74298],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74283,3435],{"class":50},[44,74285,55],{"class":54},[44,74287,3440],{"class":62},[44,74289,1894],{"class":452},[44,74291,186],{"class":62},[44,74293,711],{"class":452},[44,74295,186],{"class":62},[44,74297,2812],{"class":452},[44,74299,3453],{"class":62},[44,74301,74302,74304,74306,74308,74310,74312,74314],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,74303,2059],{"class":50},[44,74305,55],{"class":54},[44,74307,4088],{"class":50},[44,74309,73752],{"class":62},[44,74311,1854],{"class":54},[44,74313,2807],{"class":452},[44,74315,3453],{"class":62},[44,74317,74318],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,74319,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,74321,74322,74324,74326,74328],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,74323,82],{"class":58},[44,74325,63],{"class":62},[44,74327,3467],{"class":97},[44,74329,76],{"class":62},[44,74331,74332,74334,74336,74338],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,74333,82],{"class":58},[44,74335,63],{"class":62},[44,74337,2094],{"class":97},[44,74339,76],{"class":62},[20,74341,1031],{},[35,74343,74345],{"className":37,"code":74344,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74346,74347,74363],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74348,74349,74351,74353,74355,74357,74359,74361],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74350,3723],{"class":62},[44,74352,1894],{"class":452},[44,74354,186],{"class":62},[44,74356,711],{"class":452},[44,74358,186],{"class":62},[44,74360,2812],{"class":452},[44,74362,3453],{"class":62},[44,74364,74365,74367,74369,74371,74373,74375,74377],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,74366,3723],{"class":62},[44,74368,1889],{"class":452},[44,74370,186],{"class":62},[44,74372,711],{"class":452},[44,74374,186],{"class":62},[44,74376,2282],{"class":452},[44,74378,3453],{"class":62},[600,74380,74382],{"id":74381},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[126,74384,74385,74390,74395],{},[129,74386,103,74387,74389],{},[15,74388,73151],{}," when you want to change the original list",[129,74391,103,74392,74394],{},[15,74393,74273],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[129,74396,103,74397,74399],{},[15,74398,74054],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74401,74402,74403,74409],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[491,74404,74406,74407,10564],{"href":74405},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74408,63941],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[30,74411,4788,74413],{"id":74412},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74414,73151],{},[20,74416,74417,74419],{},[15,74418,73151],{}," is a good choice:",[126,74421,74422,74425,74428],{},[129,74423,74424],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[129,74426,74427],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[129,74429,74430],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74432,74433,74434,504],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[491,74435,74437],{"href":74436},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[30,74439,1486],{"id":1485},[20,74441,74442,74443,74445],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74444,73151],{}," for these reasons:",[126,74447,74448,74452,74457,74462],{},[129,74449,12419,74450,12422],{},[15,74451,73151],{},[129,74453,8279,74454,74456],{},[15,74455,73151],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[129,74458,8243,74459,74461],{},[15,74460,73151],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[129,74463,37030,74464,8529,74466],{},[15,74465,73151],{},[15,74467,74468],{},"reversed()",[20,74470,74471],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[35,74473,74475],{"className":37,"code":74474,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74476,74477,74489],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74478,74479,74481,74483,74485,74487],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74480,34514],{"class":50},[44,74482,55],{"class":54},[44,74484,1438],{"class":66},[44,74486,3667],{"class":70},[44,74488,3176],{"class":66},[44,74490,74491,74493,74495,74497],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,74492,34535],{"class":50},[44,74494,504],{"class":62},[44,74496,73207],{"class":97},[44,74498,345],{"class":62},[20,74500,74501,74502,33426],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74503,73151],{},[20,74505,74506],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[35,74508,74510],{"className":37,"code":74509,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74511,74512,74532,74536,74546,74560,74564,74578,74588,74592],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74513,74514,74516,74518,74520,74522,74524,74526,74528,74530],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74515,8133],{"class":50},[44,74517,55],{"class":54},[44,74519,3440],{"class":62},[44,74521,2807],{"class":452},[44,74523,186],{"class":62},[44,74525,2812],{"class":452},[44,74527,186],{"class":62},[44,74529,2282],{"class":452},[44,74531,3453],{"class":62},[44,74533,74534],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,74535,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,74537,74538,74540,74542,74544],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,74539,82],{"class":58},[44,74541,63],{"class":62},[44,74543,8164],{"class":97},[44,74545,76],{"class":62},[44,74547,74548,74550,74552,74554,74556,74558],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,74549,82],{"class":58},[44,74551,63],{"class":62},[44,74553,427],{"class":426},[44,74555,63],{"class":62},[44,74557,8164],{"class":97},[44,74559,434],{"class":62},[44,74561,74562],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,74563,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,74565,74566,74568,74570,74572,74574,74576],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,74567,2059],{"class":50},[44,74569,55],{"class":54},[44,74571,8221],{"class":50},[44,74573,504],{"class":62},[44,74575,73207],{"class":97},[44,74577,345],{"class":62},[44,74579,74580,74582,74584,74586],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,74581,82],{"class":58},[44,74583,63],{"class":62},[44,74585,2094],{"class":97},[44,74587,76],{"class":62},[44,74589,74590],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,74591,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,74593,74594,74596,74598,74600,74602,74604,74606],{"class":46,"line":6261},[44,74595,82],{"class":58},[44,74597,63],{"class":62},[44,74599,8164],{"class":97},[44,74601,73752],{"class":62},[44,74603,1854],{"class":54},[44,74605,2807],{"class":452},[44,74607,3711],{"class":62},[20,74609,1031],{},[35,74611,74613],{"className":37,"code":74612,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74614,74615,74631,74645,74649],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74616,74617,74619,74621,74623,74625,74627,74629],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74618,3723],{"class":62},[44,74620,2807],{"class":452},[44,74622,186],{"class":62},[44,74624,2812],{"class":452},[44,74626,186],{"class":62},[44,74628,2282],{"class":452},[44,74630,3453],{"class":62},[44,74632,74633,74635,74637,74639,74641,74643],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,74634,463],{"class":54},[44,74636,467],{"class":466},[44,74638,470],{"class":66},[44,74640,7921],{"class":70},[44,74642,476],{"class":66},[44,74644,479],{"class":54},[44,74646,74647],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,74648,11633],{"class":3674},[44,74650,74651,74653,74655,74657,74659,74661,74663],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,74652,3723],{"class":62},[44,74654,2807],{"class":452},[44,74656,186],{"class":62},[44,74658,2812],{"class":452},[44,74660,186],{"class":62},[44,74662,711],{"class":452},[44,74664,3453],{"class":62},[20,74666,74667],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[35,74669,74671],{"className":37,"code":74670,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74672,74673,74693,74697,74707,74721,74725,74739,74749,74759],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74674,74675,74677,74679,74681,74683,74685,74687,74689,74691],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74676,8133],{"class":50},[44,74678,55],{"class":54},[44,74680,3440],{"class":62},[44,74682,2807],{"class":452},[44,74684,186],{"class":62},[44,74686,2812],{"class":452},[44,74688,186],{"class":62},[44,74690,2282],{"class":452},[44,74692,3453],{"class":62},[44,74694,74695],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,74696,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,74698,74699,74701,74703,74705],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,74700,82],{"class":58},[44,74702,63],{"class":62},[44,74704,8164],{"class":97},[44,74706,76],{"class":62},[44,74708,74709,74711,74713,74715,74717,74719],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,74710,82],{"class":58},[44,74712,63],{"class":62},[44,74714,427],{"class":426},[44,74716,63],{"class":62},[44,74718,8164],{"class":97},[44,74720,434],{"class":62},[44,74722,74723],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,74724,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,74726,74727,74729,74731,74733,74735,74737],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,74728,2059],{"class":50},[44,74730,55],{"class":54},[44,74732,8221],{"class":50},[44,74734,504],{"class":62},[44,74736,73207],{"class":97},[44,74738,345],{"class":62},[44,74740,74741,74743,74745,74747],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,74742,82],{"class":58},[44,74744,63],{"class":62},[44,74746,2094],{"class":97},[44,74748,76],{"class":62},[44,74750,74751,74753,74755,74757],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,74752,82],{"class":58},[44,74754,63],{"class":62},[44,74756,8164],{"class":97},[44,74758,76],{"class":62},[44,74760,74761,74763,74765,74767,74769,74771,74773],{"class":46,"line":6261},[44,74762,82],{"class":58},[44,74764,63],{"class":62},[44,74766,8164],{"class":97},[44,74768,73752],{"class":62},[44,74770,1854],{"class":54},[44,74772,2807],{"class":452},[44,74774,3711],{"class":62},[20,74776,1031],{},[35,74778,74780],{"className":37,"code":74779,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74781,74782,74798,74812,74816,74832],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74783,74784,74786,74788,74790,74792,74794,74796],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74785,3723],{"class":62},[44,74787,2807],{"class":452},[44,74789,186],{"class":62},[44,74791,2812],{"class":452},[44,74793,186],{"class":62},[44,74795,2282],{"class":452},[44,74797,3453],{"class":62},[44,74799,74800,74802,74804,74806,74808,74810],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,74801,463],{"class":54},[44,74803,467],{"class":466},[44,74805,470],{"class":66},[44,74807,7921],{"class":70},[44,74809,476],{"class":66},[44,74811,479],{"class":54},[44,74813,74814],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,74815,11633],{"class":3674},[44,74817,74818,74820,74822,74824,74826,74828,74830],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,74819,3723],{"class":62},[44,74821,1894],{"class":452},[44,74823,186],{"class":62},[44,74825,2812],{"class":452},[44,74827,186],{"class":62},[44,74829,711],{"class":452},[44,74831,3453],{"class":62},[44,74833,74834,74836,74838,74840,74842,74844,74846],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,74835,3723],{"class":62},[44,74837,2807],{"class":452},[44,74839,186],{"class":62},[44,74841,2812],{"class":452},[44,74843,186],{"class":62},[44,74845,2282],{"class":452},[44,74847,3453],{"class":62},[20,74849,74850],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[126,74852,74853,74862,74871],{},[129,74854,27626,74855,74858,74859],{},[15,74856,74857],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,74860,74861],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[129,74863,11741,74864,74867,74868,22388],{},[15,74865,74866],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[3563,74869,74870],{},"current",[129,74872,74873,74874],{},"So it prints ",[15,74875,74876],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[30,74878,1651],{"id":1650},[600,74880,1655,74882,55096],{"id":74881},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,74883,73156],{},[20,74885,62232,74886,504],{},[15,74887,3599],{},[600,74889,34031,74891,34034,74893,213],{"id":74890},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,74892,73151],{},[15,74894,74895],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,74897,74898,74900],{},[15,74899,73151],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,74902,74903,74905],{},[15,74904,74895],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[600,74907,28159,74909,74911],{"id":74908},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,74910,73151],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,74913,1661,74914,74916],{},[15,74915,73151],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[600,74918,74920],{"id":74919},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,74922,74923],{},"Use slicing:",[35,74925,74927],{"className":37,"code":74926,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,74928,74929],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74930,74931,74933,74935,74937,74939],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74932,8164],{"class":50},[44,74934,73752],{"class":62},[44,74936,1854],{"class":54},[44,74938,2807],{"class":452},[44,74940,3453],{"class":62},[20,74942,74943],{},"Or use:",[35,74945,74947],{"className":37,"code":74946,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,74948,74949],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74950,74951,74953,74955,74958,74960,74962],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74952,7921],{"class":426},[44,74954,63],{"class":62},[44,74956,74957],{"class":58},"reversed",[44,74959,63],{"class":62},[44,74961,8164],{"class":97},[44,74963,434],{"class":62},[20,74965,74966,74967,74971],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[491,74968,55147,74969],{"href":54587},[15,74970,12601],{}," can also help.",[30,74973,1719],{"id":1718},[126,74975,74976,74982,74988,74992,74996],{},[129,74977,74978],{},[491,74979,55147,74980,10564],{"href":74405},[15,74981,63941],{},[129,74983,74984],{},[491,74985,13,74986,1738],{"href":74151},[15,74987,74054],{},[129,74989,74990],{},[491,74991,74437],{"href":74436},[129,74993,74994],{},[491,74995,73852],{"href":73169},[129,74997,74998],{},[491,74999,55147,75000,10564],{"href":54587},[15,75001,12601],{},[1758,75003,75004],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":75006},[75007,75008,75010,75011,75012,75014,75015,75022,75024,75025,75034],{"id":3424,"depth":79,"text":3425},{"id":73230,"depth":79,"text":75009},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":11299,"depth":79,"text":11300},{"id":73589,"depth":79,"text":75013},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":73855,"depth":79,"text":73856},{"id":74049,"depth":79,"text":75016,"children":75017},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75018,75019,75020,75021],{"id":73207,"depth":419,"text":73151},{"id":74144,"depth":419,"text":74054},{"id":74266,"depth":419,"text":74267},{"id":74381,"depth":419,"text":74382},{"id":74412,"depth":79,"text":75023},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":75026},[75027,75029,75031,75033],{"id":74881,"depth":419,"text":75028},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":74890,"depth":419,"text":75030},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":74908,"depth":419,"text":75032},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":74919,"depth":419,"text":74920},{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73143,"description":75035},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75042,"title":75043,"body":75044,"description":77477,"extension":1796,"meta":77478,"navigation":807,"path":77479,"seo":77480,"stem":77481,"__hash__":77482},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75045,"toc":77445},[75046,75049,75061,75064,75087,75095,75097,75209,75218,75222,75225,75228,75315,75317,75350,75352,75375,75381,75385,75388,75410,75412,75429,75432,75452,75454,75564,75566,75643,75647,75650,75693,75695,75828,75830,75932,75937,75941,75944,75946,75960,75963,76077,76079,76153,76155,76183,76187,76192,76222,76225,76351,76353,76435,76441,76445,76447,76486,76495,76499,76502,76506,76553,76555,76563,76567,76618,76620,76633,76635,76649,76652,76660,76662,76709,76711,76719,76722,76765,76770,76773,76776,76799,76803,76854,76857,76878,76888,76892,76894,76924,76927,76950,76954,76957,77024,77026,77063,77066,77074,77141,77143,77180,77186,77193,77197,77200,77230,77235,77239,77242,77266,77269,77363,77373,77375,77379,77382,77386,77389,77394,77397,77403,77406,77408,77436,77442],[10,75047,75043],{"id":75048},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75050,75051,75052,2018,75054,16901,75057,75060],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75053,35897],{},[15,75055,75056],{},"stop",[15,75058,75059],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75062,75063],{},"The basic slice form is:",[35,75065,75067],{"className":37,"code":75066,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75068,75069],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75070,75071,75073,75075,75077,75079,75081,75083,75085],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75072,8164],{"class":50},[44,75074,3723],{"class":62},[44,75076,35897],{"class":50},[44,75078,449],{"class":62},[44,75080,75056],{"class":50},[44,75082,449],{"class":62},[44,75084,75059],{"class":50},[44,75086,3453],{"class":62},[20,75088,75089,75090,75092,75093,504],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75091,75056],{}," position is ",[3563,75094,64699],{},[30,75096,33],{"id":32},[35,75098,75100],{"className":37,"code":75099,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75101,75102,75130,75134,75155,75173,75190],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75103,75104,75106,75108,75110,75112,75114,75116,75118,75120,75122,75124,75126,75128],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75105,3435],{"class":50},[44,75107,55],{"class":54},[44,75109,3440],{"class":62},[44,75111,2161],{"class":452},[44,75113,186],{"class":62},[44,75115,7620],{"class":452},[44,75117,186],{"class":62},[44,75119,7625],{"class":452},[44,75121,186],{"class":62},[44,75123,50469],{"class":452},[44,75125,186],{"class":62},[44,75127,4908],{"class":452},[44,75129,3453],{"class":62},[44,75131,75132],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,75133,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,75135,75136,75138,75140,75142,75144,75146,75148,75150,75152],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,75137,82],{"class":58},[44,75139,63],{"class":62},[44,75141,3467],{"class":97},[44,75143,3723],{"class":62},[44,75145,2807],{"class":452},[44,75147,449],{"class":62},[44,75149,1125],{"class":452},[44,75151,20274],{"class":62},[44,75153,75154],{"class":3483},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[44,75156,75157,75159,75161,75163,75166,75168,75170],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,75158,82],{"class":58},[44,75160,63],{"class":62},[44,75162,3467],{"class":97},[44,75164,75165],{"class":62},"[:",[44,75167,1894],{"class":452},[44,75169,20274],{"class":62},[44,75171,75172],{"class":3483},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[44,75174,75175,75177,75179,75181,75183,75185,75187],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,75176,82],{"class":58},[44,75178,63],{"class":62},[44,75180,3467],{"class":97},[44,75182,73752],{"class":62},[44,75184,1889],{"class":452},[44,75186,20274],{"class":62},[44,75188,75189],{"class":3483},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[44,75191,75192,75194,75196,75198,75200,75202,75204,75206],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,75193,82],{"class":58},[44,75195,63],{"class":62},[44,75197,3467],{"class":97},[44,75199,73752],{"class":62},[44,75201,1854],{"class":54},[44,75203,2807],{"class":452},[44,75205,20274],{"class":62},[44,75207,75208],{"class":3483},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75210,103,75211,75214,75215,75217],{},[15,75212,75213],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75216,75056],{}," value is not included.",[30,75219,75221],{"id":75220},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75223,75224],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75226,75227],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[35,75229,75231],{"className":37,"code":75230,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75232,75233,75281,75285,75304],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75234,75235,75237,75239,75241,75243,75245,75247,75249,75251,75253,75255,75257,75259,75261,75263,75265,75267,75269,75271,75273,75275,75277,75279],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75236,35915],{"class":50},[44,75238,55],{"class":54},[44,75240,3440],{"class":62},[44,75242,67],{"class":66},[44,75244,491],{"class":70},[44,75246,67],{"class":66},[44,75248,186],{"class":62},[44,75250,1438],{"class":66},[44,75252,4587],{"class":70},[44,75254,67],{"class":66},[44,75256,186],{"class":62},[44,75258,1438],{"class":66},[44,75260,9561],{"class":70},[44,75262,67],{"class":66},[44,75264,186],{"class":62},[44,75266,1438],{"class":66},[44,75268,18598],{"class":70},[44,75270,67],{"class":66},[44,75272,186],{"class":62},[44,75274,1438],{"class":66},[44,75276,60076],{"class":70},[44,75278,67],{"class":66},[44,75280,3453],{"class":62},[44,75282,75283],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,75284,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,75286,75287,75290,75292,75294,75296,75298,75300,75302],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,75288,75289],{"class":50},"part ",[44,75291,55],{"class":54},[44,75293,69726],{"class":50},[44,75295,3723],{"class":62},[44,75297,2807],{"class":452},[44,75299,449],{"class":62},[44,75301,1125],{"class":452},[44,75303,3453],{"class":62},[44,75305,75306,75308,75310,75313],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,75307,82],{"class":58},[44,75309,63],{"class":62},[44,75311,75312],{"class":97},"part",[44,75314,76],{"class":62},[20,75316,1031],{},[35,75318,75320],{"className":37,"code":75319,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75321,75322],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75323,75324,75326,75328,75330,75332,75334,75336,75338,75340,75342,75344,75346,75348],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75325,3723],{"class":62},[44,75327,476],{"class":66},[44,75329,4587],{"class":70},[44,75331,476],{"class":66},[44,75333,186],{"class":62},[44,75335,470],{"class":66},[44,75337,9561],{"class":70},[44,75339,476],{"class":66},[44,75341,186],{"class":62},[44,75343,470],{"class":66},[44,75345,18598],{"class":70},[44,75347,476],{"class":66},[44,75349,3453],{"class":62},[20,75351,12877],{},[126,75353,75354,75357,75360,75366,75372],{},[129,75355,75356],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[129,75358,75359],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[129,75361,75362,75363],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75364,75365],{},"list[start:stop]",[129,75367,75368,75369,75371],{},"The item at ",[15,75370,75056],{}," is not included",[129,75373,75374],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75376,75377,75378,504],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[491,75379,75380],{"href":50605},"beginner guide to Python lists",[30,75382,75384],{"id":75383},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75386,75387],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[35,75389,75390],{"className":37,"code":75066,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,75391,75392],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75393,75394,75396,75398,75400,75402,75404,75406,75408],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75395,8164],{"class":50},[44,75397,3723],{"class":62},[44,75399,35897],{"class":50},[44,75401,449],{"class":62},[44,75403,75056],{"class":50},[44,75405,449],{"class":62},[44,75407,75059],{"class":50},[44,75409,3453],{"class":62},[20,75411,64675],{},[126,75413,75414,75419,75424],{},[129,75415,75416,75418],{},[15,75417,35897],{}," is where slicing begins",[129,75420,75421,75423],{},[15,75422,75056],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[129,75425,75426,75428],{},[15,75427,75059],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75430,75431],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[126,75433,75434,75440,75445],{},[129,75435,75436,75437,75439],{},"Missing ",[15,75438,35897],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[129,75441,75436,75442,75444],{},[15,75443,75056],{}," means go to the end of the list",[129,75446,75436,75447,75449,75450],{},[15,75448,75059],{}," means use ",[15,75451,2807],{},[20,75453,145],{},[35,75455,75457],{"className":37,"code":75456,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75458,75459,75487,75491,75512,75529,75547],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75460,75461,75463,75465,75467,75469,75471,75473,75475,75477,75479,75481,75483,75485],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75462,3435],{"class":50},[44,75464,55],{"class":54},[44,75466,3440],{"class":62},[44,75468,2161],{"class":452},[44,75470,186],{"class":62},[44,75472,7620],{"class":452},[44,75474,186],{"class":62},[44,75476,7625],{"class":452},[44,75478,186],{"class":62},[44,75480,50469],{"class":452},[44,75482,186],{"class":62},[44,75484,4908],{"class":452},[44,75486,3453],{"class":62},[44,75488,75489],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,75490,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,75492,75493,75495,75497,75499,75501,75503,75505,75507,75509],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,75494,82],{"class":58},[44,75496,63],{"class":62},[44,75498,3467],{"class":97},[44,75500,3723],{"class":62},[44,75502,2807],{"class":452},[44,75504,449],{"class":62},[44,75506,1125],{"class":452},[44,75508,20274],{"class":62},[44,75510,75511],{"class":3483},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[44,75513,75514,75516,75518,75520,75522,75524,75526],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,75515,82],{"class":58},[44,75517,63],{"class":62},[44,75519,3467],{"class":97},[44,75521,75165],{"class":62},[44,75523,1894],{"class":452},[44,75525,20274],{"class":62},[44,75527,75528],{"class":3483},"    # start from the beginning\n",[44,75530,75531,75533,75535,75537,75539,75541,75544],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,75532,82],{"class":58},[44,75534,63],{"class":62},[44,75536,3467],{"class":97},[44,75538,3723],{"class":62},[44,75540,1889],{"class":452},[44,75542,75543],{"class":62},":])",[44,75545,75546],{"class":3483},"    # go to the end\n",[44,75548,75549,75551,75553,75555,75557,75559,75561],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,75550,82],{"class":58},[44,75552,63],{"class":62},[44,75554,3467],{"class":97},[44,75556,73752],{"class":62},[44,75558,2807],{"class":452},[44,75560,20274],{"class":62},[44,75562,75563],{"class":3483},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75565,1031],{},[35,75567,75569],{"className":37,"code":75568,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75570,75571,75587,75603,75619],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75572,75573,75575,75577,75579,75581,75583,75585],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75574,3723],{"class":62},[44,75576,15582],{"class":452},[44,75578,186],{"class":62},[44,75580,7625],{"class":452},[44,75582,186],{"class":62},[44,75584,50469],{"class":452},[44,75586,3453],{"class":62},[44,75588,75589,75591,75593,75595,75597,75599,75601],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,75590,3723],{"class":62},[44,75592,2161],{"class":452},[44,75594,186],{"class":62},[44,75596,7620],{"class":452},[44,75598,186],{"class":62},[44,75600,7625],{"class":452},[44,75602,3453],{"class":62},[44,75604,75605,75607,75609,75611,75613,75615,75617],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,75606,3723],{"class":62},[44,75608,36667],{"class":452},[44,75610,186],{"class":62},[44,75612,50469],{"class":452},[44,75614,186],{"class":62},[44,75616,4908],{"class":452},[44,75618,3453],{"class":62},[44,75620,75621,75623,75625,75627,75629,75631,75633,75635,75637,75639,75641],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,75622,3723],{"class":62},[44,75624,2161],{"class":452},[44,75626,186],{"class":62},[44,75628,7620],{"class":452},[44,75630,186],{"class":62},[44,75632,7625],{"class":452},[44,75634,186],{"class":62},[44,75636,50469],{"class":452},[44,75638,186],{"class":62},[44,75640,4908],{"class":452},[44,75642,3453],{"class":62},[30,75644,75646],{"id":75645},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,75648,75649],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[126,75651,75652,75661,75670,75681,75687],{},[129,75653,75654,75657,75658,5795],{},[15,75655,75656],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75659,75660],{},"n",[129,75662,75663,75666,75667,75669],{},[15,75664,75665],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75668,75660],{}," to the end",[129,75671,75672,75675,75676,75678,75679],{},[15,75673,75674],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75677,491],{}," up to ",[15,75680,4587],{},[129,75682,75683,75686],{},[15,75684,75685],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[129,75688,75689,75692],{},[15,75690,75691],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,75694,145],{},[35,75696,75698],{"className":37,"code":75697,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,75699,75700,75733,75737,75754,75771,75792,75809],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75701,75702,75704,75706,75708,75710,75712,75714,75716,75718,75720,75722,75724,75726,75728,75731],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75703,3435],{"class":50},[44,75705,55],{"class":54},[44,75707,3440],{"class":62},[44,75709,2161],{"class":452},[44,75711,186],{"class":62},[44,75713,7620],{"class":452},[44,75715,186],{"class":62},[44,75717,7625],{"class":452},[44,75719,186],{"class":62},[44,75721,50469],{"class":452},[44,75723,186],{"class":62},[44,75725,4908],{"class":452},[44,75727,186],{"class":62},[44,75729,75730],{"class":452}," 60",[44,75732,3453],{"class":62},[44,75734,75735],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,75736,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,75738,75739,75741,75743,75745,75747,75749,75751],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,75740,82],{"class":58},[44,75742,63],{"class":62},[44,75744,3467],{"class":97},[44,75746,75165],{"class":62},[44,75748,1894],{"class":452},[44,75750,20274],{"class":62},[44,75752,75753],{"class":3483},"    # first 3 items\n",[44,75755,75756,75758,75760,75762,75764,75766,75768],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,75757,82],{"class":58},[44,75759,63],{"class":62},[44,75761,3467],{"class":97},[44,75763,3723],{"class":62},[44,75765,1894],{"class":452},[44,75767,75543],{"class":62},[44,75769,75770],{"class":3483},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[44,75772,75773,75775,75777,75779,75781,75783,75785,75787,75789],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,75774,82],{"class":58},[44,75776,63],{"class":62},[44,75778,3467],{"class":97},[44,75780,3723],{"class":62},[44,75782,2807],{"class":452},[44,75784,449],{"class":62},[44,75786,1129],{"class":452},[44,75788,20274],{"class":62},[44,75790,75791],{"class":3483},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[44,75793,75794,75796,75798,75800,75802,75804,75806],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,75795,82],{"class":58},[44,75797,63],{"class":62},[44,75799,3467],{"class":97},[44,75801,73752],{"class":62},[44,75803,1889],{"class":452},[44,75805,20274],{"class":62},[44,75807,75808],{"class":3483},"   # every second item\n",[44,75810,75811,75813,75815,75817,75819,75821,75823,75825],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,75812,82],{"class":58},[44,75814,63],{"class":62},[44,75816,3467],{"class":97},[44,75818,73752],{"class":62},[44,75820,1854],{"class":54},[44,75822,2807],{"class":452},[44,75824,20274],{"class":62},[44,75826,75827],{"class":3483},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,75829,1031],{},[35,75831,75833],{"className":37,"code":75832,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75834,75835,75851,75867,75887,75903],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75836,75837,75839,75841,75843,75845,75847,75849],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75838,3723],{"class":62},[44,75840,2161],{"class":452},[44,75842,186],{"class":62},[44,75844,7620],{"class":452},[44,75846,186],{"class":62},[44,75848,7625],{"class":452},[44,75850,3453],{"class":62},[44,75852,75853,75855,75857,75859,75861,75863,75865],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,75854,3723],{"class":62},[44,75856,56320],{"class":452},[44,75858,186],{"class":62},[44,75860,4908],{"class":452},[44,75862,186],{"class":62},[44,75864,75730],{"class":452},[44,75866,3453],{"class":62},[44,75868,75869,75871,75873,75875,75877,75879,75881,75883,75885],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,75870,3723],{"class":62},[44,75872,15582],{"class":452},[44,75874,186],{"class":62},[44,75876,7625],{"class":452},[44,75878,186],{"class":62},[44,75880,50469],{"class":452},[44,75882,186],{"class":62},[44,75884,4908],{"class":452},[44,75886,3453],{"class":62},[44,75888,75889,75891,75893,75895,75897,75899,75901],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,75890,3723],{"class":62},[44,75892,2161],{"class":452},[44,75894,186],{"class":62},[44,75896,7625],{"class":452},[44,75898,186],{"class":62},[44,75900,4908],{"class":452},[44,75902,3453],{"class":62},[44,75904,75905,75907,75910,75912,75914,75916,75918,75920,75922,75924,75926,75928,75930],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,75906,3723],{"class":62},[44,75908,75909],{"class":452},"60",[44,75911,186],{"class":62},[44,75913,4908],{"class":452},[44,75915,186],{"class":62},[44,75917,50469],{"class":452},[44,75919,186],{"class":62},[44,75921,7625],{"class":452},[44,75923,186],{"class":62},[44,75925,7620],{"class":452},[44,75927,186],{"class":62},[44,75929,5834],{"class":452},[44,75931,3453],{"class":62},[20,75933,75934,75935,504],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[491,75936,14715],{"href":56847},[30,75938,75940],{"id":75939},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,75942,75943],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,75945,5301],{},[126,75947,75948,75954],{},[129,75949,75950,75953],{},[15,75951,75952],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[129,75955,75956,75959],{},[15,75957,75958],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,75961,75962],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[35,75964,75966],{"className":37,"code":75965,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,75967,75968,76016,76020,76039,76058],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75969,75970,75972,75974,75976,75978,75980,75982,75984,75986,75988,75990,75992,75994,75996,75998,76000,76002,76004,76006,76008,76010,76012,76014],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75971,35915],{"class":50},[44,75973,55],{"class":54},[44,75975,3440],{"class":62},[44,75977,67],{"class":66},[44,75979,491],{"class":70},[44,75981,67],{"class":66},[44,75983,186],{"class":62},[44,75985,1438],{"class":66},[44,75987,4587],{"class":70},[44,75989,67],{"class":66},[44,75991,186],{"class":62},[44,75993,1438],{"class":66},[44,75995,9561],{"class":70},[44,75997,67],{"class":66},[44,75999,186],{"class":62},[44,76001,1438],{"class":66},[44,76003,18598],{"class":70},[44,76005,67],{"class":66},[44,76007,186],{"class":62},[44,76009,1438],{"class":66},[44,76011,60076],{"class":70},[44,76013,67],{"class":66},[44,76015,3453],{"class":62},[44,76017,76018],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,76019,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,76021,76022,76024,76026,76028,76030,76032,76034,76036],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,76023,82],{"class":58},[44,76025,63],{"class":62},[44,76027,35968],{"class":97},[44,76029,3723],{"class":62},[44,76031,1854],{"class":54},[44,76033,2807],{"class":452},[44,76035,20274],{"class":62},[44,76037,76038],{"class":3483},"    # last item\n",[44,76040,76041,76043,76045,76047,76049,76051,76053,76055],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,76042,82],{"class":58},[44,76044,63],{"class":62},[44,76046,35968],{"class":97},[44,76048,3723],{"class":62},[44,76050,1854],{"class":54},[44,76052,1894],{"class":452},[44,76054,75543],{"class":62},[44,76056,76057],{"class":3483},"   # last 3 items\n",[44,76059,76060,76062,76064,76066,76068,76070,76072,76074],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,76061,82],{"class":58},[44,76063,63],{"class":62},[44,76065,35968],{"class":97},[44,76067,75165],{"class":62},[44,76069,1854],{"class":54},[44,76071,2807],{"class":452},[44,76073,20274],{"class":62},[44,76075,76076],{"class":3483},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76078,1031],{},[35,76080,76082],{"className":37,"code":76081,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76083,76084,76089,76117],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76085,76086],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76087,76088],{"class":50},"e\n",[44,76090,76091,76093,76095,76097,76099,76101,76103,76105,76107,76109,76111,76113,76115],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,76092,3723],{"class":62},[44,76094,476],{"class":66},[44,76096,9561],{"class":70},[44,76098,476],{"class":66},[44,76100,186],{"class":62},[44,76102,470],{"class":66},[44,76104,18598],{"class":70},[44,76106,476],{"class":66},[44,76108,186],{"class":62},[44,76110,470],{"class":66},[44,76112,60076],{"class":70},[44,76114,476],{"class":66},[44,76116,3453],{"class":62},[44,76118,76119,76121,76123,76125,76127,76129,76131,76133,76135,76137,76139,76141,76143,76145,76147,76149,76151],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,76120,3723],{"class":62},[44,76122,476],{"class":66},[44,76124,491],{"class":70},[44,76126,476],{"class":66},[44,76128,186],{"class":62},[44,76130,470],{"class":66},[44,76132,4587],{"class":70},[44,76134,476],{"class":66},[44,76136,186],{"class":62},[44,76138,470],{"class":66},[44,76140,9561],{"class":70},[44,76142,476],{"class":66},[44,76144,186],{"class":62},[44,76146,470],{"class":66},[44,76148,18598],{"class":70},[44,76150,476],{"class":66},[44,76152,3453],{"class":62},[20,76154,12877],{},[126,76156,76157,76160,76164,76170,76176],{},[129,76158,76159],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[129,76161,76162,75953],{},[15,76163,75952],{},[129,76165,76166,76169],{},[15,76167,76168],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[129,76171,76172,76175],{},[15,76173,76174],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[129,76177,76178,76179,1126,76181],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76180,35897],{},[15,76182,75056],{},[30,76184,76186],{"id":76185},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76188,22,76189,76191],{},[15,76190,75059],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[126,76193,76194,76197,76200,76205,76215],{},[129,76195,76196],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[129,76198,76199],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[129,76201,76202,76204],{},[15,76203,75691],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[129,76206,8700,76207,76209,76210,76212,76213],{},[15,76208,75059],{}," is negative, ",[15,76211,35897],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76214,75056],{},[129,76216,76217,76219,76220],{},[15,76218,75059],{}," cannot be ",[15,76221,1951],{},[20,76223,76224],{},"Example with different step values:",[35,76226,76228],{"className":37,"code":76227,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76229,76230,76262,76266,76283,76305,76324],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76231,76232,76234,76236,76238,76240,76242,76244,76246,76248,76250,76252,76254,76256,76258,76260],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76233,3435],{"class":50},[44,76235,55],{"class":54},[44,76237,3440],{"class":62},[44,76239,2161],{"class":452},[44,76241,186],{"class":62},[44,76243,7620],{"class":452},[44,76245,186],{"class":62},[44,76247,7625],{"class":452},[44,76249,186],{"class":62},[44,76251,50469],{"class":452},[44,76253,186],{"class":62},[44,76255,4908],{"class":452},[44,76257,186],{"class":62},[44,76259,75730],{"class":452},[44,76261,3453],{"class":62},[44,76263,76264],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,76265,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,76267,76268,76270,76272,76274,76276,76278,76280],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,76269,82],{"class":58},[44,76271,63],{"class":62},[44,76273,3467],{"class":97},[44,76275,73752],{"class":62},[44,76277,1889],{"class":452},[44,76279,20274],{"class":62},[44,76281,76282],{"class":3483},"     # every second item\n",[44,76284,76285,76287,76289,76291,76293,76295,76298,76300,76302],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,76286,82],{"class":58},[44,76288,63],{"class":62},[44,76290,3467],{"class":97},[44,76292,3723],{"class":62},[44,76294,2807],{"class":452},[44,76296,76297],{"class":62},"::",[44,76299,1889],{"class":452},[44,76301,20274],{"class":62},[44,76303,76304],{"class":3483},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[44,76306,76307,76309,76311,76313,76315,76317,76319,76321],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,76308,82],{"class":58},[44,76310,63],{"class":62},[44,76312,3467],{"class":97},[44,76314,73752],{"class":62},[44,76316,1854],{"class":54},[44,76318,2807],{"class":452},[44,76320,20274],{"class":62},[44,76322,76323],{"class":3483},"    # reverse the list\n",[44,76325,76326,76328,76330,76332,76334,76336,76338,76340,76342,76344,76346,76348],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,76327,82],{"class":58},[44,76329,63],{"class":62},[44,76331,3467],{"class":97},[44,76333,3723],{"class":62},[44,76335,1125],{"class":452},[44,76337,449],{"class":62},[44,76339,2807],{"class":452},[44,76341,449],{"class":62},[44,76343,1854],{"class":54},[44,76345,2807],{"class":452},[44,76347,20274],{"class":62},[44,76349,76350],{"class":3483},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76352,1031],{},[35,76354,76356],{"className":37,"code":76355,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76357,76358,76374,76390,76418],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76359,76360,76362,76364,76366,76368,76370,76372],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76361,3723],{"class":62},[44,76363,2161],{"class":452},[44,76365,186],{"class":62},[44,76367,7625],{"class":452},[44,76369,186],{"class":62},[44,76371,4908],{"class":452},[44,76373,3453],{"class":62},[44,76375,76376,76378,76380,76382,76384,76386,76388],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,76377,3723],{"class":62},[44,76379,15582],{"class":452},[44,76381,186],{"class":62},[44,76383,50469],{"class":452},[44,76385,186],{"class":62},[44,76387,75730],{"class":452},[44,76389,3453],{"class":62},[44,76391,76392,76394,76396,76398,76400,76402,76404,76406,76408,76410,76412,76414,76416],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,76393,3723],{"class":62},[44,76395,75909],{"class":452},[44,76397,186],{"class":62},[44,76399,4908],{"class":452},[44,76401,186],{"class":62},[44,76403,50469],{"class":452},[44,76405,186],{"class":62},[44,76407,7625],{"class":452},[44,76409,186],{"class":62},[44,76411,7620],{"class":452},[44,76413,186],{"class":62},[44,76415,5834],{"class":452},[44,76417,3453],{"class":62},[44,76419,76420,76422,76425,76427,76429,76431,76433],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,76421,3723],{"class":62},[44,76423,76424],{"class":452},"50",[44,76426,186],{"class":62},[44,76428,50469],{"class":452},[44,76430,186],{"class":62},[44,76432,7625],{"class":452},[44,76434,3453],{"class":62},[20,76436,76437,76438,504],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[491,76439,76440],{"href":74436},"how to reverse a list in Python",[600,76442,76444],{"id":76443},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76446,2660],{},[35,76448,76450],{"className":37,"code":76449,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76451,76452,76472],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76453,76454,76456,76458,76460,76462,76464,76466,76468,76470],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76455,3435],{"class":50},[44,76457,55],{"class":54},[44,76459,3440],{"class":62},[44,76461,2807],{"class":452},[44,76463,186],{"class":62},[44,76465,2812],{"class":452},[44,76467,186],{"class":62},[44,76469,2282],{"class":452},[44,76471,3453],{"class":62},[44,76473,76474,76476,76478,76480,76482,76484],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,76475,82],{"class":58},[44,76477,63],{"class":62},[44,76479,3467],{"class":97},[44,76481,73752],{"class":62},[44,76483,1951],{"class":452},[44,76485,3711],{"class":62},[20,76487,76488,76489,76491,76492,76494],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76490,1144],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76493,1951],{}," does not make sense.",[30,76496,76498],{"id":76497},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76500,76501],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[600,76503,76505],{"id":76504},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[35,76507,76509],{"className":37,"code":76508,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76510,76511,76535,76539],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76512,76513,76515,76517,76519,76521,76523,76525,76527,76529,76531,76533],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76514,3435],{"class":50},[44,76516,55],{"class":54},[44,76518,3440],{"class":62},[44,76520,2161],{"class":452},[44,76522,186],{"class":62},[44,76524,7620],{"class":452},[44,76526,186],{"class":62},[44,76528,7625],{"class":452},[44,76530,186],{"class":62},[44,76532,50469],{"class":452},[44,76534,3453],{"class":62},[44,76536,76537],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,76538,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,76540,76541,76543,76545,76547,76549,76551],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,76542,82],{"class":58},[44,76544,63],{"class":62},[44,76546,3467],{"class":97},[44,76548,3723],{"class":62},[44,76550,1889],{"class":452},[44,76552,3711],{"class":62},[20,76554,1031],{},[35,76556,76557],{"className":37,"code":69470,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,76558,76559],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76560,76561],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76562,69470],{"class":452},[600,76564,76566],{"id":76565},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[35,76568,76570],{"className":37,"code":76569,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76571,76572,76596,76600],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76573,76574,76576,76578,76580,76582,76584,76586,76588,76590,76592,76594],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76575,3435],{"class":50},[44,76577,55],{"class":54},[44,76579,3440],{"class":62},[44,76581,2161],{"class":452},[44,76583,186],{"class":62},[44,76585,7620],{"class":452},[44,76587,186],{"class":62},[44,76589,7625],{"class":452},[44,76591,186],{"class":62},[44,76593,50469],{"class":452},[44,76595,3453],{"class":62},[44,76597,76598],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,76599,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,76601,76602,76604,76606,76608,76610,76612,76614,76616],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,76603,82],{"class":58},[44,76605,63],{"class":62},[44,76607,3467],{"class":97},[44,76609,3723],{"class":62},[44,76611,1889],{"class":452},[44,76613,449],{"class":62},[44,76615,1894],{"class":452},[44,76617,3711],{"class":62},[20,76619,1031],{},[35,76621,76623],{"className":37,"code":76622,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[30]\n",[15,76624,76625],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76626,76627,76629,76631],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76628,3723],{"class":62},[44,76630,36667],{"class":452},[44,76632,3453],{"class":62},[20,76634,13589],{},[126,76636,76637,76643],{},[129,76638,76639,76642],{},[15,76640,76641],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[129,76644,76645,76648],{},[15,76646,76647],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,76650,76651],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[126,76653,76654,76657],{},[129,76655,76656],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[129,76658,76659],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,76661,145],{},[35,76663,76665],{"className":37,"code":76664,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76666,76667,76687,76691],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76668,76669,76671,76673,76675,76677,76679,76681,76683,76685],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76670,3435],{"class":50},[44,76672,55],{"class":54},[44,76674,3440],{"class":62},[44,76676,2161],{"class":452},[44,76678,186],{"class":62},[44,76680,7620],{"class":452},[44,76682,186],{"class":62},[44,76684,7625],{"class":452},[44,76686,3453],{"class":62},[44,76688,76689],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,76690,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,76692,76693,76695,76697,76699,76701,76703,76705,76707],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,76694,82],{"class":58},[44,76696,63],{"class":62},[44,76698,3467],{"class":97},[44,76700,3723],{"class":62},[44,76702,1129],{"class":452},[44,76704,449],{"class":62},[44,76706,2161],{"class":452},[44,76708,3711],{"class":62},[20,76710,1031],{},[35,76712,76713],{"className":37,"code":38123,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,76714,76715],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76716,76717],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76718,38123],{"class":62},[20,76720,76721],{},"But this would raise an error:",[35,76723,76725],{"className":37,"code":76724,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,76726,76727,76747,76751],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76728,76729,76731,76733,76735,76737,76739,76741,76743,76745],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76730,3435],{"class":50},[44,76732,55],{"class":54},[44,76734,3440],{"class":62},[44,76736,2161],{"class":452},[44,76738,186],{"class":62},[44,76740,7620],{"class":452},[44,76742,186],{"class":62},[44,76744,7625],{"class":452},[44,76746,3453],{"class":62},[44,76748,76749],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,76750,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,76752,76753,76755,76757,76759,76761,76763],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,76754,82],{"class":58},[44,76756,63],{"class":62},[44,76758,3467],{"class":97},[44,76760,3723],{"class":62},[44,76762,1129],{"class":452},[44,76764,3711],{"class":62},[20,76766,76767,76768,504],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[491,76769,68889],{"href":68888},[30,76771,15004],{"id":76772},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,76774,76775],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[126,76777,76778,76782,76784,76787,76793],{},[129,76779,984,76780,75371],{},[15,76781,75056],{},[129,76783,60321],{},[129,76785,76786],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[129,76788,37030,76789,8529,76791],{},[15,76790,75691],{},[15,76792,73156],{},[129,76794,76795,76796,76798],{},"Using step ",[15,76797,1951],{},", which causes an error",[600,76800,76802],{"id":76801},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[35,76804,76806],{"className":37,"code":76805,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,76807,76808,76836],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76809,76810,76812,76814,76816,76818,76820,76822,76824,76826,76828,76830,76832,76834],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76811,3435],{"class":50},[44,76813,55],{"class":54},[44,76815,3440],{"class":62},[44,76817,2161],{"class":452},[44,76819,186],{"class":62},[44,76821,7620],{"class":452},[44,76823,186],{"class":62},[44,76825,7625],{"class":452},[44,76827,186],{"class":62},[44,76829,50469],{"class":452},[44,76831,186],{"class":62},[44,76833,4908],{"class":452},[44,76835,3453],{"class":62},[44,76837,76838,76840,76842,76844,76846,76848,76850,76852],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,76839,82],{"class":58},[44,76841,63],{"class":62},[44,76843,3467],{"class":97},[44,76845,3723],{"class":62},[44,76847,2807],{"class":452},[44,76849,449],{"class":62},[44,76851,1125],{"class":452},[44,76853,3711],{"class":62},[20,76855,76856],{},"This returns:",[35,76858,76860],{"className":37,"code":76859,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76861,76862],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76863,76864,76866,76868,76870,76872,76874,76876],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76865,3723],{"class":62},[44,76867,15582],{"class":452},[44,76869,186],{"class":62},[44,76871,7625],{"class":452},[44,76873,186],{"class":62},[44,76875,50469],{"class":452},[44,76877,3453],{"class":62},[20,76879,40730,76880,76882,76883,76885,76886,504],{},[3563,76881,4457],{}," include ",[15,76884,76424],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,76887,1125],{},[600,76889,76891],{"id":76890},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,76893,16472],{},[35,76895,76897],{"className":37,"code":76896,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,76898,76899,76919],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76900,76901,76903,76905,76907,76909,76911,76913,76915,76917],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76902,3435],{"class":50},[44,76904,55],{"class":54},[44,76906,3440],{"class":62},[44,76908,2161],{"class":452},[44,76910,186],{"class":62},[44,76912,7620],{"class":452},[44,76914,186],{"class":62},[44,76916,7625],{"class":452},[44,76918,3453],{"class":62},[44,76920,76921],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,76922,76923],{"class":3483},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,76925,76926],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[35,76928,76930],{"className":37,"code":76929,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,76931,76932],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76933,76934,76936,76938,76940,76942,76944,76946,76948],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76935,82],{"class":58},[44,76937,63],{"class":62},[44,76939,3467],{"class":97},[44,76941,3723],{"class":62},[44,76943,2807],{"class":452},[44,76945,449],{"class":62},[44,76947,1894],{"class":452},[44,76949,3711],{"class":62},[600,76951,76953],{"id":76952},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,76955,76956],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[35,76958,76960],{"className":37,"code":76959,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,76961,76962,76986,77000,77004,77014],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76963,76964,76966,76968,76970,76972,76974,76976,76978,76980,76982,76984],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76965,3435],{"class":50},[44,76967,55],{"class":54},[44,76969,3440],{"class":62},[44,76971,2161],{"class":452},[44,76973,186],{"class":62},[44,76975,7620],{"class":452},[44,76977,186],{"class":62},[44,76979,7625],{"class":452},[44,76981,186],{"class":62},[44,76983,50469],{"class":452},[44,76985,3453],{"class":62},[44,76987,76988,76990,76992,76994,76996,76998],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,76989,75289],{"class":50},[44,76991,55],{"class":54},[44,76993,4088],{"class":50},[44,76995,75165],{"class":62},[44,76997,1889],{"class":452},[44,76999,3453],{"class":62},[44,77001,77002],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,77003,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,77005,77006,77008,77010,77012],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,77007,82],{"class":58},[44,77009,63],{"class":62},[44,77011,75312],{"class":97},[44,77013,76],{"class":62},[44,77015,77016,77018,77020,77022],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,77017,82],{"class":58},[44,77019,63],{"class":62},[44,77021,3467],{"class":97},[44,77023,76],{"class":62},[20,77025,1031],{},[35,77027,77029],{"className":37,"code":77028,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77030,77031,77043],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77032,77033,77035,77037,77039,77041],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77034,3723],{"class":62},[44,77036,2161],{"class":452},[44,77038,186],{"class":62},[44,77040,7620],{"class":452},[44,77042,3453],{"class":62},[44,77044,77045,77047,77049,77051,77053,77055,77057,77059,77061],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,77046,3723],{"class":62},[44,77048,2161],{"class":452},[44,77050,186],{"class":62},[44,77052,7620],{"class":452},[44,77054,186],{"class":62},[44,77056,7625],{"class":452},[44,77058,186],{"class":62},[44,77060,50469],{"class":452},[44,77062,3453],{"class":62},[20,77064,77065],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[600,77067,77069,77070,8529,77072],{"id":77068},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77071,75691],{},[15,77073,73156],{},[35,77075,77077],{"className":37,"code":77076,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77078,77079,77099,77103,77120,77131],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77080,77081,77083,77085,77087,77089,77091,77093,77095,77097],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77082,3435],{"class":50},[44,77084,55],{"class":54},[44,77086,3440],{"class":62},[44,77088,2161],{"class":452},[44,77090,186],{"class":62},[44,77092,7620],{"class":452},[44,77094,186],{"class":62},[44,77096,7625],{"class":452},[44,77098,3453],{"class":62},[44,77100,77101],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,77102,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,77104,77105,77108,77110,77112,77114,77116,77118],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,77106,77107],{"class":50},"reversed_copy ",[44,77109,55],{"class":54},[44,77111,4088],{"class":50},[44,77113,73752],{"class":62},[44,77115,1854],{"class":54},[44,77117,2807],{"class":452},[44,77119,3453],{"class":62},[44,77121,77122,77124,77126,77129],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,77123,82],{"class":58},[44,77125,63],{"class":62},[44,77127,77128],{"class":97},"reversed_copy",[44,77130,76],{"class":62},[44,77132,77133,77135,77137,77139],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,77134,82],{"class":58},[44,77136,63],{"class":62},[44,77138,3467],{"class":97},[44,77140,76],{"class":62},[20,77142,1031],{},[35,77144,77146],{"className":37,"code":77145,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77147,77148,77164],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77149,77150,77152,77154,77156,77158,77160,77162],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77151,3723],{"class":62},[44,77153,36667],{"class":452},[44,77155,186],{"class":62},[44,77157,7620],{"class":452},[44,77159,186],{"class":62},[44,77161,5834],{"class":452},[44,77163,3453],{"class":62},[44,77165,77166,77168,77170,77172,77174,77176,77178],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,77167,3723],{"class":62},[44,77169,2161],{"class":452},[44,77171,186],{"class":62},[44,77173,7620],{"class":452},[44,77175,186],{"class":62},[44,77177,7625],{"class":452},[44,77179,3453],{"class":62},[20,77181,77182,77185],{},[15,77183,77184],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77187,77188,77189,77192],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77190,77191],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[600,77194,77196],{"id":77195},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77198,77199],{},"This is not allowed:",[35,77201,77203],{"className":37,"code":77202,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77204,77205,77225],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77206,77207,77209,77211,77213,77215,77217,77219,77221,77223],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77208,3435],{"class":50},[44,77210,55],{"class":54},[44,77212,3440],{"class":62},[44,77214,2161],{"class":452},[44,77216,186],{"class":62},[44,77218,7620],{"class":452},[44,77220,186],{"class":62},[44,77222,7625],{"class":452},[44,77224,3453],{"class":62},[44,77226,77227],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,77228,77229],{"class":3483},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77231,77232,77233,504],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77234,1144],{},[30,77236,77238],{"id":77237},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77240,77241],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[126,77243,77244,77251,77257,77260,77263],{},[129,77245,37030,77246,1126,77248,77250],{},[15,77247,35897],{},[15,77249,75056],{}," positions",[129,77252,77253,77254,77256],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77255,75056],{}," index is included",[129,77258,77259],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[129,77261,77262],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[129,77264,77265],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77267,77268],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[35,77270,77272],{"className":37,"code":77271,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77273,77274,77284,77298,77316,77330,77347],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77275,77276,77278,77280,77282],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77277,82],{"class":58},[44,77279,63],{"class":62},[44,77281,8164],{"class":97},[44,77283,76],{"class":62},[44,77285,77286,77288,77290,77292,77294,77296],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,77287,82],{"class":58},[44,77289,63],{"class":62},[44,77291,10986],{"class":58},[44,77293,63],{"class":62},[44,77295,8164],{"class":97},[44,77297,434],{"class":62},[44,77299,77300,77302,77304,77306,77308,77310,77312,77314],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,77301,82],{"class":58},[44,77303,63],{"class":62},[44,77305,8164],{"class":97},[44,77307,3723],{"class":62},[44,77309,2807],{"class":452},[44,77311,449],{"class":62},[44,77313,1125],{"class":452},[44,77315,3711],{"class":62},[44,77317,77318,77320,77322,77324,77326,77328],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,77319,82],{"class":58},[44,77321,63],{"class":62},[44,77323,8164],{"class":97},[44,77325,75165],{"class":62},[44,77327,1894],{"class":452},[44,77329,3711],{"class":62},[44,77331,77332,77334,77336,77338,77340,77342,77344],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,77333,82],{"class":58},[44,77335,63],{"class":62},[44,77337,8164],{"class":97},[44,77339,3723],{"class":62},[44,77341,1854],{"class":54},[44,77343,1894],{"class":452},[44,77345,77346],{"class":62},":])\n",[44,77348,77349,77351,77353,77355,77357,77359,77361],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,77350,82],{"class":58},[44,77352,63],{"class":62},[44,77354,8164],{"class":97},[44,77356,73752],{"class":62},[44,77358,1854],{"class":54},[44,77360,2807],{"class":452},[44,77362,3711],{"class":62},[20,77364,8243,77365,77367,77368,77372],{},[15,77366,42175],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[491,77369,77371],{"href":77370},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[30,77374,1651],{"id":1650},[600,77376,77378],{"id":77377},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77380,77381],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[600,77383,77385],{"id":77384},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77387,77388],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[600,77390,4970,77392,39785],{"id":77391},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77393,75691],{},[20,77395,77396],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[600,77398,77400,77401,213],{"id":77399},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77402,70361],{},[20,77404,77405],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[30,77407,1719],{"id":1718},[126,77409,77410,77415,77420,77424,77428,77432],{},[129,77411,77412],{},[491,77413,77414],{"href":50605},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[129,77416,77417],{},[491,77418,77419],{"href":56781},"How to create a list in Python",[129,77421,77422],{},[491,77423,14792],{"href":56847},[129,77425,77426],{},[491,77427,74437],{"href":74436},[129,77429,77430],{},[491,77431,77371],{"href":77370},[129,77433,77434],{},[491,77435,68889],{"href":68888},[20,77437,77438,77439,77441],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77440,42175],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1758,77443,77444],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":77446},[77447,77448,77449,77450,77451,77452,77455,77459,77467,77468,77476],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":75220,"depth":79,"text":75221},{"id":75383,"depth":79,"text":75384},{"id":75645,"depth":79,"text":75646},{"id":75939,"depth":79,"text":75940},{"id":76185,"depth":79,"text":76186,"children":77453},[77454],{"id":76443,"depth":419,"text":76444},{"id":76497,"depth":79,"text":76498,"children":77456},[77457,77458],{"id":76504,"depth":419,"text":76505},{"id":76565,"depth":419,"text":76566},{"id":76772,"depth":79,"text":15004,"children":77460},[77461,77462,77463,77464,77466],{"id":76801,"depth":419,"text":76802},{"id":76890,"depth":419,"text":76891},{"id":76952,"depth":419,"text":76953},{"id":77068,"depth":419,"text":77465},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77195,"depth":419,"text":77196},{"id":77237,"depth":79,"text":77238},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":77469},[77470,77471,77472,77474],{"id":77377,"depth":419,"text":77378},{"id":77384,"depth":419,"text":77385},{"id":77391,"depth":419,"text":77473},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77399,"depth":419,"text":77475},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75043,"description":77477},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77484,"title":77485,"body":77486,"description":79555,"extension":1796,"meta":79556,"navigation":807,"path":79557,"seo":79558,"stem":79559,"__hash__":79560},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77487,"toc":79521},[77488,77493,77499,77505,77507,77554,77561,77566,77570,77585,77588,77641,77643,77668,77673,77675,77707,77710,77726,77728,77789,77791,77816,77820,77825,77878,77880,77905,77910,77971,77973,77998,78001,78008,78012,78015,78076,78078,78111,78114,78175,78177,78210,78216,78289,78291,78323,78330,78335,78340,78342,78354,78357,78435,78437,78478,78481,78555,78557,78590,78595,78602,78609,78613,78622,78626,78634,78636,78703,78705,78741,78746,78757,78759,78764,78769,78771,78834,78836,78861,78868,78873,78877,78880,78920,78925,78931,78936,78938,78965,78970,78973,79020,79022,79079,79086,79091,79097,79166,79170,79173,79236,79238,79271,79276,79278,79281,79362,79364,79388,79394,79396,79401,79405,79412,79420,79424,79426,79449,79453,79455,79482,79485,79492,79495,79497,79518],[10,77489,53969,77491,11147],{"id":77490},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77492,63941],{},[20,77494,77495,77498],{},[15,77496,77497],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77500,77501,77502,77504],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77503,63941],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[30,77506,33],{"id":32},[35,77508,77510],{"className":37,"code":77509,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77511,77512,77532,77542],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77513,77514,77516,77518,77520,77522,77524,77526,77528,77530],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77515,3435],{"class":50},[44,77517,55],{"class":54},[44,77519,3440],{"class":62},[44,77521,1894],{"class":452},[44,77523,186],{"class":62},[44,77525,711],{"class":452},[44,77527,186],{"class":62},[44,77529,2812],{"class":452},[44,77531,3453],{"class":62},[44,77533,77534,77536,77538,77540],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,77535,3467],{"class":50},[44,77537,504],{"class":62},[44,77539,34626],{"class":97},[44,77541,345],{"class":62},[44,77543,77544,77546,77548,77550,77552],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,77545,82],{"class":58},[44,77547,63],{"class":62},[44,77549,3467],{"class":97},[44,77551,3480],{"class":62},[44,77553,54559],{"class":3483},[20,77555,103,77556,77558,77559,504],{},[15,77557,77497],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77560,3599],{},[30,77562,113,77564,116],{"id":77563},"what-listsort-does",[15,77565,77497],{},[20,77567,77568,449],{},[15,77569,77497],{},[126,77571,77572,77575,77578,77582],{},[129,77573,77574],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[129,77576,77577],{},"Changes the original list",[129,77579,11249,77580],{},[15,77581,3599],{},[129,77583,77584],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77586,77587],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[35,77589,77591],{"className":37,"code":77590,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77592,77593,77617,77627,77631],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77594,77595,77597,77599,77601,77603,77605,77607,77609,77611,77613,77615],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77596,3435],{"class":50},[44,77598,55],{"class":54},[44,77600,3440],{"class":62},[44,77602,1129],{"class":452},[44,77604,186],{"class":62},[44,77606,2812],{"class":452},[44,77608,186],{"class":62},[44,77610,53763],{"class":452},[44,77612,186],{"class":62},[44,77614,711],{"class":452},[44,77616,3453],{"class":62},[44,77618,77619,77621,77623,77625],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,77620,3467],{"class":50},[44,77622,504],{"class":62},[44,77624,34626],{"class":97},[44,77626,345],{"class":62},[44,77628,77629],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,77630,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,77632,77633,77635,77637,77639],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,77634,82],{"class":58},[44,77636,63],{"class":62},[44,77638,3467],{"class":97},[44,77640,76],{"class":62},[20,77642,1031],{},[35,77644,77646],{"className":37,"code":77645,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77647,77648],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77649,77650,77652,77654,77656,77658,77660,77662,77664,77666],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77651,3723],{"class":62},[44,77653,2807],{"class":452},[44,77655,186],{"class":62},[44,77657,2812],{"class":452},[44,77659,186],{"class":62},[44,77661,4431],{"class":452},[44,77663,186],{"class":62},[44,77665,53763],{"class":452},[44,77667,3453],{"class":62},[20,77669,77670,77671,504],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[491,77672,66707],{"href":50605},[30,77674,250],{"id":249},[35,77676,77678],{"className":37,"code":77677,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77679,77680],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77681,77682,77684,77686,77688,77690,77692,77694,77696,77698,77701,77703,77705],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77683,8164],{"class":50},[44,77685,504],{"class":62},[44,77687,34626],{"class":97},[44,77689,63],{"class":62},[44,77691,14668],{"class":8998},[44,77693,55],{"class":54},[44,77695,3599],{"class":3674},[44,77697,186],{"class":62},[44,77699,77700],{"class":8998}," reverse",[44,77702,55],{"class":54},[44,77704,3494],{"class":3674},[44,77706,76],{"class":62},[20,77708,77709],{},"Main arguments:",[126,77711,77712,77717,77723],{},[129,77713,77714,77716],{},[15,77715,14668],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[129,77718,77719,77722],{},[15,77720,77721],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[129,77724,77725],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,77727,145],{},[35,77729,77731],{"className":37,"code":77730,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77732,77733,77757,77775,77779],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77734,77735,77737,77739,77741,77743,77745,77747,77749,77751,77753,77755],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77736,3435],{"class":50},[44,77738,55],{"class":54},[44,77740,3440],{"class":62},[44,77742,1125],{"class":452},[44,77744,186],{"class":62},[44,77746,711],{"class":452},[44,77748,186],{"class":62},[44,77750,5823],{"class":452},[44,77752,186],{"class":62},[44,77754,2812],{"class":452},[44,77756,3453],{"class":62},[44,77758,77759,77761,77763,77765,77767,77769,77771,77773],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,77760,3467],{"class":50},[44,77762,504],{"class":62},[44,77764,34626],{"class":97},[44,77766,63],{"class":62},[44,77768,73207],{"class":8998},[44,77770,55],{"class":54},[44,77772,3420],{"class":3674},[44,77774,76],{"class":62},[44,77776,77777],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,77778,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,77780,77781,77783,77785,77787],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,77782,82],{"class":58},[44,77784,63],{"class":62},[44,77786,3467],{"class":97},[44,77788,76],{"class":62},[20,77790,1031],{},[35,77792,77794],{"className":37,"code":77793,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,77795,77796],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77797,77798,77800,77802,77804,77806,77808,77810,77812,77814],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77799,3723],{"class":62},[44,77801,1857],{"class":452},[44,77803,186],{"class":62},[44,77805,2287],{"class":452},[44,77807,186],{"class":62},[44,77809,2812],{"class":452},[44,77811,186],{"class":62},[44,77813,711],{"class":452},[44,77815,3453],{"class":62},[30,77817,77819],{"id":77818},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,77821,103,77822,77824],{},[15,77823,63941],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[35,77826,77828],{"className":37,"code":77827,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77829,77830,77854,77864,77868],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77831,77832,77834,77836,77838,77840,77842,77844,77846,77848,77850,77852],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77833,3435],{"class":50},[44,77835,55],{"class":54},[44,77837,3440],{"class":62},[44,77839,2161],{"class":452},[44,77841,186],{"class":62},[44,77843,2282],{"class":452},[44,77845,186],{"class":62},[44,77847,6189],{"class":452},[44,77849,186],{"class":62},[44,77851,711],{"class":452},[44,77853,3453],{"class":62},[44,77855,77856,77858,77860,77862],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,77857,3467],{"class":50},[44,77859,504],{"class":62},[44,77861,34626],{"class":97},[44,77863,345],{"class":62},[44,77865,77866],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,77867,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,77869,77870,77872,77874,77876],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,77871,82],{"class":58},[44,77873,63],{"class":62},[44,77875,3467],{"class":97},[44,77877,76],{"class":62},[20,77879,1031],{},[35,77881,77883],{"className":37,"code":77882,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,77884,77885],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77886,77887,77889,77891,77893,77895,77897,77899,77901,77903],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77888,3723],{"class":62},[44,77890,2807],{"class":452},[44,77892,186],{"class":62},[44,77894,2282],{"class":452},[44,77896,186],{"class":62},[44,77898,6189],{"class":452},[44,77900,186],{"class":62},[44,77902,5834],{"class":452},[44,77904,3453],{"class":62},[20,77906,103,77907,77909],{},[15,77908,77721],{}," for descending order:",[35,77911,77913],{"className":37,"code":77912,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77914,77915,77939,77957,77961],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77916,77917,77919,77921,77923,77925,77927,77929,77931,77933,77935,77937],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77918,3435],{"class":50},[44,77920,55],{"class":54},[44,77922,3440],{"class":62},[44,77924,2161],{"class":452},[44,77926,186],{"class":62},[44,77928,2282],{"class":452},[44,77930,186],{"class":62},[44,77932,6189],{"class":452},[44,77934,186],{"class":62},[44,77936,711],{"class":452},[44,77938,3453],{"class":62},[44,77940,77941,77943,77945,77947,77949,77951,77953,77955],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,77942,3467],{"class":50},[44,77944,504],{"class":62},[44,77946,34626],{"class":97},[44,77948,63],{"class":62},[44,77950,73207],{"class":8998},[44,77952,55],{"class":54},[44,77954,3420],{"class":3674},[44,77956,76],{"class":62},[44,77958,77959],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,77960,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,77962,77963,77965,77967,77969],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,77964,82],{"class":58},[44,77966,63],{"class":62},[44,77968,3467],{"class":97},[44,77970,76],{"class":62},[20,77972,1031],{},[35,77974,77976],{"className":37,"code":77975,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,77977,77978],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77979,77980,77982,77984,77986,77988,77990,77992,77994,77996],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77981,3723],{"class":62},[44,77983,2161],{"class":452},[44,77985,186],{"class":62},[44,77987,6189],{"class":452},[44,77989,186],{"class":62},[44,77991,2282],{"class":452},[44,77993,186],{"class":62},[44,77995,711],{"class":452},[44,77997,3453],{"class":62},[20,77999,78000],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78002,78003,78004,504],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[491,78005,78007],{"href":78006},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[30,78009,78011],{"id":78010},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78013,78014],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[35,78016,78018],{"className":37,"code":78017,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78019,78020,78052,78062,78066],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78021,78022,78024,78026,78028,78030,78032,78034,78036,78038,78040,78042,78044,78046,78048,78050],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78023,3894],{"class":50},[44,78025,55],{"class":54},[44,78027,3440],{"class":62},[44,78029,67],{"class":66},[44,78031,3912],{"class":70},[44,78033,67],{"class":66},[44,78035,186],{"class":62},[44,78037,1438],{"class":66},[44,78039,3903],{"class":70},[44,78041,67],{"class":66},[44,78043,186],{"class":62},[44,78045,1438],{"class":66},[44,78047,3921],{"class":70},[44,78049,67],{"class":66},[44,78051,3453],{"class":62},[44,78053,78054,78056,78058,78060],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,78055,3938],{"class":50},[44,78057,504],{"class":62},[44,78059,34626],{"class":97},[44,78061,345],{"class":62},[44,78063,78064],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,78065,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,78067,78068,78070,78072,78074],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,78069,82],{"class":58},[44,78071,63],{"class":62},[44,78073,3938],{"class":97},[44,78075,76],{"class":62},[20,78077,1031],{},[35,78079,78081],{"className":37,"code":78080,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78082,78083],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78084,78085,78087,78089,78091,78093,78095,78097,78099,78101,78103,78105,78107,78109],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78086,3723],{"class":62},[44,78088,476],{"class":66},[44,78090,3903],{"class":70},[44,78092,476],{"class":66},[44,78094,186],{"class":62},[44,78096,470],{"class":66},[44,78098,3912],{"class":70},[44,78100,476],{"class":66},[44,78102,186],{"class":62},[44,78104,470],{"class":66},[44,78106,3921],{"class":70},[44,78108,476],{"class":66},[44,78110,3453],{"class":62},[20,78112,78113],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[35,78115,78117],{"className":37,"code":78116,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78118,78119,78151,78161,78165],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78120,78121,78123,78125,78127,78129,78131,78133,78135,78137,78139,78141,78143,78145,78147,78149],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78122,3894],{"class":50},[44,78124,55],{"class":54},[44,78126,3440],{"class":62},[44,78128,67],{"class":66},[44,78130,3912],{"class":70},[44,78132,67],{"class":66},[44,78134,186],{"class":62},[44,78136,1438],{"class":66},[44,78138,57396],{"class":70},[44,78140,67],{"class":66},[44,78142,186],{"class":62},[44,78144,1438],{"class":66},[44,78146,3921],{"class":70},[44,78148,67],{"class":66},[44,78150,3453],{"class":62},[44,78152,78153,78155,78157,78159],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,78154,3938],{"class":50},[44,78156,504],{"class":62},[44,78158,34626],{"class":97},[44,78160,345],{"class":62},[44,78162,78163],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,78164,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,78166,78167,78169,78171,78173],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,78168,82],{"class":58},[44,78170,63],{"class":62},[44,78172,3938],{"class":97},[44,78174,76],{"class":62},[20,78176,1031],{},[35,78178,78180],{"className":37,"code":78179,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78181,78182],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78183,78184,78186,78188,78190,78192,78194,78196,78198,78200,78202,78204,78206,78208],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78185,3723],{"class":62},[44,78187,476],{"class":66},[44,78189,57396],{"class":70},[44,78191,476],{"class":66},[44,78193,186],{"class":62},[44,78195,470],{"class":66},[44,78197,3912],{"class":70},[44,78199,476],{"class":66},[44,78201,186],{"class":62},[44,78203,470],{"class":66},[44,78205,3921],{"class":70},[44,78207,476],{"class":66},[44,78209,3453],{"class":62},[20,78211,78212,78213,449],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78214,78215],{},"key=str.lower",[35,78217,78219],{"className":37,"code":78218,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78220,78221,78253,78275,78279],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78222,78223,78225,78227,78229,78231,78233,78235,78237,78239,78241,78243,78245,78247,78249,78251],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78224,3894],{"class":50},[44,78226,55],{"class":54},[44,78228,3440],{"class":62},[44,78230,67],{"class":66},[44,78232,3912],{"class":70},[44,78234,67],{"class":66},[44,78236,186],{"class":62},[44,78238,1438],{"class":66},[44,78240,57396],{"class":70},[44,78242,67],{"class":66},[44,78244,186],{"class":62},[44,78246,1438],{"class":66},[44,78248,3921],{"class":70},[44,78250,67],{"class":66},[44,78252,3453],{"class":62},[44,78254,78255,78257,78259,78261,78263,78265,78267,78269,78271,78273],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,78256,3938],{"class":50},[44,78258,504],{"class":62},[44,78260,34626],{"class":97},[44,78262,63],{"class":62},[44,78264,14668],{"class":8998},[44,78266,55],{"class":54},[44,78268,473],{"class":426},[44,78270,504],{"class":62},[44,78272,8465],{"class":24579},[44,78274,76],{"class":62},[44,78276,78277],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,78278,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,78280,78281,78283,78285,78287],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,78282,82],{"class":58},[44,78284,63],{"class":62},[44,78286,3938],{"class":97},[44,78288,76],{"class":62},[20,78290,1031],{},[35,78292,78293],{"className":37,"code":78179,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,78294,78295],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78296,78297,78299,78301,78303,78305,78307,78309,78311,78313,78315,78317,78319,78321],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78298,3723],{"class":62},[44,78300,476],{"class":66},[44,78302,57396],{"class":70},[44,78304,476],{"class":66},[44,78306,186],{"class":62},[44,78308,470],{"class":66},[44,78310,3912],{"class":70},[44,78312,476],{"class":66},[44,78314,186],{"class":62},[44,78316,470],{"class":66},[44,78318,3921],{"class":70},[44,78320,476],{"class":66},[44,78322,3453],{"class":62},[20,78324,78325,78326,78329],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78327,78328],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[30,78331,36438,78333,36441],{"id":78332},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78334,14668],{},[20,78336,22,78337,78339],{},[15,78338,14668],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78341,7173],{},[126,78343,78344,78349],{},[129,78345,78346,78348],{},[15,78347,10986],{}," to sort by length",[129,78350,78351,78353],{},[15,78352,78328],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78355,78356],{},"Sort words by length:",[35,78358,78360],{"className":37,"code":78359,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78361,78362,78403,78421,78425],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78363,78364,78366,78368,78370,78372,78375,78377,78379,78381,78383,78385,78387,78389,78391,78393,78395,78397,78399,78401],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78365,3894],{"class":50},[44,78367,55],{"class":54},[44,78369,3440],{"class":62},[44,78371,67],{"class":66},[44,78373,78374],{"class":70},"pear",[44,78376,67],{"class":66},[44,78378,186],{"class":62},[44,78380,1438],{"class":66},[44,78382,3912],{"class":70},[44,78384,67],{"class":66},[44,78386,186],{"class":62},[44,78388,1438],{"class":66},[44,78390,38184],{"class":70},[44,78392,67],{"class":66},[44,78394,186],{"class":62},[44,78396,1438],{"class":66},[44,78398,3903],{"class":70},[44,78400,67],{"class":66},[44,78402,3453],{"class":62},[44,78404,78405,78407,78409,78411,78413,78415,78417,78419],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,78406,3938],{"class":50},[44,78408,504],{"class":62},[44,78410,34626],{"class":97},[44,78412,63],{"class":62},[44,78414,14668],{"class":8998},[44,78416,55],{"class":54},[44,78418,10986],{"class":58},[44,78420,76],{"class":62},[44,78422,78423],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,78424,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,78426,78427,78429,78431,78433],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,78428,82],{"class":58},[44,78430,63],{"class":62},[44,78432,3938],{"class":97},[44,78434,76],{"class":62},[20,78436,1031],{},[35,78438,78440],{"className":37,"code":78439,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78441,78442],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78443,78444,78446,78448,78450,78452,78454,78456,78458,78460,78462,78464,78466,78468,78470,78472,78474,78476],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78445,3723],{"class":62},[44,78447,476],{"class":66},[44,78449,38184],{"class":70},[44,78451,476],{"class":66},[44,78453,186],{"class":62},[44,78455,470],{"class":66},[44,78457,78374],{"class":70},[44,78459,476],{"class":66},[44,78461,186],{"class":62},[44,78463,470],{"class":66},[44,78465,3903],{"class":70},[44,78467,476],{"class":66},[44,78469,186],{"class":62},[44,78471,470],{"class":66},[44,78473,3912],{"class":70},[44,78475,476],{"class":66},[44,78477,3453],{"class":62},[20,78479,78480],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[35,78482,78484],{"className":37,"code":78483,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78485,78486,78519,78541,78545],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78487,78488,78490,78492,78494,78496,78498,78500,78502,78504,78506,78508,78510,78512,78515,78517],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78489,3894],{"class":50},[44,78491,55],{"class":54},[44,78493,3440],{"class":62},[44,78495,67],{"class":66},[44,78497,4840],{"class":70},[44,78499,67],{"class":66},[44,78501,186],{"class":62},[44,78503,1438],{"class":66},[44,78505,17633],{"class":70},[44,78507,67],{"class":66},[44,78509,186],{"class":62},[44,78511,1438],{"class":66},[44,78513,78514],{"class":70},"Carol",[44,78516,67],{"class":66},[44,78518,3453],{"class":62},[44,78520,78521,78523,78525,78527,78529,78531,78533,78535,78537,78539],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,78522,3938],{"class":50},[44,78524,504],{"class":62},[44,78526,34626],{"class":97},[44,78528,63],{"class":62},[44,78530,14668],{"class":8998},[44,78532,55],{"class":54},[44,78534,473],{"class":426},[44,78536,504],{"class":62},[44,78538,8465],{"class":24579},[44,78540,76],{"class":62},[44,78542,78543],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,78544,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,78546,78547,78549,78551,78553],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,78548,82],{"class":58},[44,78550,63],{"class":62},[44,78552,3938],{"class":97},[44,78554,76],{"class":62},[20,78556,1031],{},[35,78558,78560],{"className":37,"code":78559,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78561,78562],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78563,78564,78566,78568,78570,78572,78574,78576,78578,78580,78582,78584,78586,78588],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78565,3723],{"class":62},[44,78567,476],{"class":66},[44,78569,17633],{"class":70},[44,78571,476],{"class":66},[44,78573,186],{"class":62},[44,78575,470],{"class":66},[44,78577,4840],{"class":70},[44,78579,476],{"class":66},[44,78581,186],{"class":62},[44,78583,470],{"class":66},[44,78585,78514],{"class":70},[44,78587,476],{"class":66},[44,78589,3453],{"class":62},[20,78591,22,78592,78594],{},[15,78593,14668],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[30,78596,78598,10408,78600],{"id":78597},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78599,77497],{},[15,78601,74054],{},[20,78603,78604,1126,78606,78608],{},[15,78605,77497],{},[15,78607,74054],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78610,78611,449],{},[15,78612,77497],{},[126,78614,78615,78618],{},[129,78616,78617],{},"Changes the existing list",[129,78619,11249,78620],{},[15,78621,3599],{},[20,78623,78624,449],{},[15,78625,74054],{},[126,78627,78628,78631],{},[129,78629,78630],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[129,78632,78633],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78635,145],{},[35,78637,78639],{"className":37,"code":78638,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78640,78641,78661,78665,78679,78683,78693],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78642,78643,78645,78647,78649,78651,78653,78655,78657,78659],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78644,3435],{"class":50},[44,78646,55],{"class":54},[44,78648,3440],{"class":62},[44,78650,1894],{"class":452},[44,78652,186],{"class":62},[44,78654,711],{"class":452},[44,78656,186],{"class":62},[44,78658,2812],{"class":452},[44,78660,3453],{"class":62},[44,78662,78663],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,78664,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,78666,78667,78669,78671,78673,78675,78677],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,78668,55517],{"class":50},[44,78670,55],{"class":54},[44,78672,74188],{"class":58},[44,78674,63],{"class":62},[44,78676,3467],{"class":97},[44,78678,76],{"class":62},[44,78680,78681],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,78682,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,78684,78685,78687,78689,78691],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,78686,82],{"class":58},[44,78688,63],{"class":62},[44,78690,3467],{"class":97},[44,78692,76],{"class":62},[44,78694,78695,78697,78699,78701],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,78696,82],{"class":58},[44,78698,63],{"class":62},[44,78700,73911],{"class":97},[44,78702,76],{"class":62},[20,78704,1031],{},[35,78706,78707],{"className":37,"code":74223,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,78708,78709,78725],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78710,78711,78713,78715,78717,78719,78721,78723],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78712,3723],{"class":62},[44,78714,1894],{"class":452},[44,78716,186],{"class":62},[44,78718,711],{"class":452},[44,78720,186],{"class":62},[44,78722,2812],{"class":452},[44,78724,3453],{"class":62},[44,78726,78727,78729,78731,78733,78735,78737,78739],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,78728,3723],{"class":62},[44,78730,2807],{"class":452},[44,78732,186],{"class":62},[44,78734,2812],{"class":452},[44,78736,186],{"class":62},[44,78738,2282],{"class":452},[44,78740,3453],{"class":62},[20,78742,103,78743,78745],{},[15,78744,74054],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,78747,78748,78749,1126,78753,504],{},"You can learn more in ",[491,78750,13,78751,5612],{"href":74151},[15,78752,74054],{},[491,78754,78756],{"href":78755},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[30,78758,1486],{"id":1485},[20,78760,78761,78762,504],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,78763,77497],{},[600,78765,12419,78767],{"id":78766},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,78768,63941],{},[20,78770,25520],{},[35,78772,78774],{"className":37,"code":78773,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78775,78776,78796,78810,78814,78824],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78777,78778,78780,78782,78784,78786,78788,78790,78792,78794],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78779,3435],{"class":50},[44,78781,55],{"class":54},[44,78783,3440],{"class":62},[44,78785,1894],{"class":452},[44,78787,186],{"class":62},[44,78789,711],{"class":452},[44,78791,186],{"class":62},[44,78793,2812],{"class":452},[44,78795,3453],{"class":62},[44,78797,78798,78800,78802,78804,78806,78808],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,78799,2059],{"class":50},[44,78801,55],{"class":54},[44,78803,4088],{"class":50},[44,78805,504],{"class":62},[44,78807,34626],{"class":97},[44,78809,345],{"class":62},[44,78811,78812],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,78813,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,78815,78816,78818,78820,78822],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,78817,82],{"class":58},[44,78819,63],{"class":62},[44,78821,2094],{"class":97},[44,78823,76],{"class":62},[44,78825,78826,78828,78830,78832],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,78827,82],{"class":58},[44,78829,63],{"class":62},[44,78831,3467],{"class":97},[44,78833,76],{"class":62},[20,78835,1031],{},[35,78837,78839],{"className":37,"code":78838,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78840,78841,78845],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78842,78843],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78844,11633],{"class":3674},[44,78846,78847,78849,78851,78853,78855,78857,78859],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,78848,3723],{"class":62},[44,78850,2807],{"class":452},[44,78852,186],{"class":62},[44,78854,2812],{"class":452},[44,78856,186],{"class":62},[44,78858,2282],{"class":452},[44,78860,3453],{"class":62},[20,78862,78863,78865,78866,504],{},[15,78864,63941],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,78867,3599],{},[20,78869,78870,78871,6461],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,78872,74054],{},[600,78874,78876],{"id":78875},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,78878,78879],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[35,78881,78883],{"className":37,"code":78882,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,78884,78885,78910],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78886,78887,78889,78891,78893,78895,78897,78899,78902,78904,78906,78908],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78888,7609],{"class":50},[44,78890,55],{"class":54},[44,78892,3440],{"class":62},[44,78894,2807],{"class":452},[44,78896,186],{"class":62},[44,78898,1438],{"class":66},[44,78900,78901],{"class":70},"two",[44,78903,67],{"class":66},[44,78905,186],{"class":62},[44,78907,2282],{"class":452},[44,78909,3453],{"class":62},[44,78911,78912,78914,78916,78918],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,78913,7640],{"class":50},[44,78915,504],{"class":62},[44,78917,34626],{"class":97},[44,78919,345],{"class":62},[20,78921,2822,78922,78924],{},[15,78923,2825],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[600,78926,984,78928,78930],{"id":78927},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,78929,63941],{}," only works on lists",[20,78932,78933,78935],{},[15,78934,63941],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,78937,16472],{},[35,78939,78941],{"className":37,"code":78940,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,78942,78943,78955],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78944,78945,78947,78949,78951,78953],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78946,34514],{"class":50},[44,78948,55],{"class":54},[44,78950,1438],{"class":66},[44,78952,39],{"class":70},[44,78954,3176],{"class":66},[44,78956,78957,78959,78961,78963],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,78958,34535],{"class":50},[44,78960,504],{"class":62},[44,78962,34626],{"class":97},[44,78964,345],{"class":62},[20,78966,78967,78968,33426],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,78969,63941],{},[20,78971,78972],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[35,78974,78976],{"className":37,"code":78975,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,78977,78978,78996,79006,79010],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78979,78980,78982,78984,78986,78988,78990,78992,78994],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78981,35915],{"class":50},[44,78983,55],{"class":54},[44,78985,22388],{"class":426},[44,78987,63],{"class":62},[44,78989,67],{"class":66},[44,78991,39],{"class":70},[44,78993,67],{"class":66},[44,78995,76],{"class":62},[44,78997,78998,79000,79002,79004],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,78999,35968],{"class":50},[44,79001,504],{"class":62},[44,79003,34626],{"class":97},[44,79005,345],{"class":62},[44,79007,79008],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,79009,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,79011,79012,79014,79016,79018],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,79013,82],{"class":58},[44,79015,63],{"class":62},[44,79017,35968],{"class":97},[44,79019,76],{"class":62},[20,79021,1031],{},[35,79023,79025],{"className":37,"code":79024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79026,79027],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79028,79029,79031,79033,79035,79037,79039,79041,79043,79045,79047,79049,79051,79053,79055,79057,79059,79061,79063,79065,79067,79069,79071,79073,79075,79077],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79030,3723],{"class":62},[44,79032,476],{"class":66},[44,79034,60067],{"class":70},[44,79036,476],{"class":66},[44,79038,186],{"class":62},[44,79040,470],{"class":66},[44,79042,75660],{"class":70},[44,79044,476],{"class":66},[44,79046,186],{"class":62},[44,79048,470],{"class":66},[44,79050,60102],{"class":70},[44,79052,476],{"class":66},[44,79054,186],{"class":62},[44,79056,470],{"class":66},[44,79058,20],{"class":70},[44,79060,476],{"class":66},[44,79062,186],{"class":62},[44,79064,470],{"class":66},[44,79066,62916],{"class":70},[44,79068,476],{"class":66},[44,79070,186],{"class":62},[44,79072,470],{"class":66},[44,79074,11570],{"class":70},[44,79076,476],{"class":66},[44,79078,3453],{"class":62},[600,79080,79082,79083,79085],{"id":79081},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79084,14668],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79087,79088,79089,504],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79090,14668],{},[20,79092,79093,79094,79096],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79095,63941],{}," will not do that:",[35,79098,79100],{"className":37,"code":79099,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79101,79102,79134,79152,79156],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79103,79104,79106,79108,79110,79112,79114,79116,79118,79120,79122,79124,79126,79128,79130,79132],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79105,3894],{"class":50},[44,79107,55],{"class":54},[44,79109,3440],{"class":62},[44,79111,67],{"class":66},[44,79113,3912],{"class":70},[44,79115,67],{"class":66},[44,79117,186],{"class":62},[44,79119,1438],{"class":66},[44,79121,38184],{"class":70},[44,79123,67],{"class":66},[44,79125,186],{"class":62},[44,79127,1438],{"class":66},[44,79129,3903],{"class":70},[44,79131,67],{"class":66},[44,79133,3453],{"class":62},[44,79135,79136,79138,79140,79142,79144,79146,79148,79150],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,79137,3938],{"class":50},[44,79139,504],{"class":62},[44,79141,34626],{"class":97},[44,79143,63],{"class":62},[44,79145,14668],{"class":8998},[44,79147,55],{"class":54},[44,79149,10986],{"class":58},[44,79151,76],{"class":62},[44,79153,79154],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,79155,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,79157,79158,79160,79162,79164],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,79159,82],{"class":58},[44,79161,63],{"class":62},[44,79163,3938],{"class":97},[44,79165,76],{"class":62},[600,79167,79169],{"id":79168},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79171,79172],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[35,79174,79176],{"className":37,"code":79175,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79177,79178,79212,79222,79226],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79179,79180,79182,79184,79186,79188,79191,79193,79195,79197,79199,79201,79203,79205,79208,79210],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79181,3894],{"class":50},[44,79183,55],{"class":54},[44,79185,3440],{"class":62},[44,79187,67],{"class":66},[44,79189,79190],{"class":70},"zebra",[44,79192,67],{"class":66},[44,79194,186],{"class":62},[44,79196,1438],{"class":66},[44,79198,57396],{"class":70},[44,79200,67],{"class":66},[44,79202,186],{"class":62},[44,79204,1438],{"class":66},[44,79206,79207],{"class":70},"monkey",[44,79209,67],{"class":66},[44,79211,3453],{"class":62},[44,79213,79214,79216,79218,79220],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,79215,3938],{"class":50},[44,79217,504],{"class":62},[44,79219,34626],{"class":97},[44,79221,345],{"class":62},[44,79223,79224],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,79225,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,79227,79228,79230,79232,79234],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,79229,82],{"class":58},[44,79231,63],{"class":62},[44,79233,3938],{"class":97},[44,79235,76],{"class":62},[20,79237,1031],{},[35,79239,79241],{"className":37,"code":79240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79242,79243],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79244,79245,79247,79249,79251,79253,79255,79257,79259,79261,79263,79265,79267,79269],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79246,3723],{"class":62},[44,79248,476],{"class":66},[44,79250,57396],{"class":70},[44,79252,476],{"class":66},[44,79254,186],{"class":62},[44,79256,470],{"class":66},[44,79258,79207],{"class":70},[44,79260,476],{"class":66},[44,79262,186],{"class":62},[44,79264,470],{"class":66},[44,79266,79190],{"class":70},[44,79268,476],{"class":66},[44,79270,3453],{"class":62},[20,79272,103,79273,79275],{},[15,79274,78215],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[600,79277,60339],{"id":60338},[20,79279,79280],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[35,79282,79284],{"className":37,"code":79283,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79285,79286,79296,79310,79324,79338],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79287,79288,79290,79292,79294],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79289,82],{"class":58},[44,79291,63],{"class":62},[44,79293,8164],{"class":97},[44,79295,76],{"class":62},[44,79297,79298,79300,79302,79304,79306,79308],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,79299,82],{"class":58},[44,79301,63],{"class":62},[44,79303,427],{"class":426},[44,79305,63],{"class":62},[44,79307,8164],{"class":97},[44,79309,434],{"class":62},[44,79311,79312,79314,79316,79318,79320,79322],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,79313,82],{"class":58},[44,79315,63],{"class":62},[44,79317,8164],{"class":97},[44,79319,504],{"class":62},[44,79321,34626],{"class":97},[44,79323,7025],{"class":62},[44,79325,79326,79328,79330,79332,79334,79336],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,79327,82],{"class":58},[44,79329,63],{"class":62},[44,79331,74144],{"class":58},[44,79333,63],{"class":62},[44,79335,8164],{"class":97},[44,79337,434],{"class":62},[44,79339,79340,79342,79344,79346,79348,79350,79352,79354,79356,79358,79360],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,79341,82],{"class":58},[44,79343,2804],{"class":62},[44,79345,427],{"class":426},[44,79347,63],{"class":62},[44,79349,23139],{"class":97},[44,79351,3480],{"class":62},[44,79353,3699],{"class":1384},[44,79355,5790],{"class":97},[44,79357,3705],{"class":1384},[44,79359,8221],{"class":97},[44,79361,3711],{"class":62},[20,79363,10995],{},[126,79365,79366,79369,79372,79379,79385],{},[129,79367,79368],{},"What values are in the list",[129,79370,79371],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[129,79373,79374,79375,2228,79377],{},"That ",[15,79376,63941],{},[15,79378,3599],{},[129,79380,79381,79382,79384],{},"Whether ",[15,79383,74054],{}," works better for your case",[129,79386,79387],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79389,79390,79391,79393],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79392,2825],{}," problems.",[30,79395,1651],{"id":1650},[600,79397,1655,79399,55096],{"id":79398},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79400,77497],{},[20,79402,62232,79403,504],{},[15,79404,3599],{},[600,79406,5007,79408,1126,79410,213],{"id":79407},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79409,63941],{},[15,79411,74054],{},[20,79413,79414,79416,79417,79419],{},[15,79415,63941],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79418,74054],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[600,79421,79423],{"id":79422},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79425,18525],{},[35,79427,79429],{"className":37,"code":79428,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79430,79431],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79432,79433,79435,79437,79439,79441,79443,79445,79447],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79434,8164],{"class":50},[44,79436,504],{"class":62},[44,79438,34626],{"class":97},[44,79440,63],{"class":62},[44,79442,73207],{"class":8998},[44,79444,55],{"class":54},[44,79446,3420],{"class":3674},[44,79448,76],{"class":62},[600,79450,79452],{"id":79451},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79454,18525],{},[35,79456,79458],{"className":37,"code":79457,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79459,79460],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79461,79462,79464,79466,79468,79470,79472,79474,79476,79478,79480],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79463,8164],{"class":50},[44,79465,504],{"class":62},[44,79467,34626],{"class":97},[44,79469,63],{"class":62},[44,79471,14668],{"class":8998},[44,79473,55],{"class":54},[44,79475,473],{"class":426},[44,79477,504],{"class":62},[44,79479,8465],{"class":24579},[44,79481,76],{"class":62},[20,79483,79484],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[600,79486,79488,79489,79491],{"id":79487},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79490,2825],{}," when sorting?",[20,79493,79494],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[30,79496,1719],{"id":1718},[126,79498,79499,79504,79510,79514],{},[129,79500,79501],{},[491,79502,79503],{"href":78006},"How to sort a list in Python",[129,79505,79506],{},[491,79507,13,79508,5612],{"href":74151},[15,79509,74054],{},[129,79511,79512],{},[491,79513,66707],{"href":50605},[129,79515,79516],{},[491,79517,78756],{"href":78755},[1758,79519,79520],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":79522},[79523,79524,79526,79527,79528,79529,79531,79533,79544,79554],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":77563,"depth":79,"text":79525},"What list.sort() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":77818,"depth":79,"text":77819},{"id":78010,"depth":79,"text":78011},{"id":78332,"depth":79,"text":79530},"Using the key argument",{"id":78597,"depth":79,"text":79532},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486,"children":79534},[79535,79537,79538,79540,79542,79543],{"id":78766,"depth":419,"text":79536},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":78875,"depth":419,"text":78876},{"id":78927,"depth":419,"text":79539},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79081,"depth":419,"text":79541},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79168,"depth":419,"text":79169},{"id":60338,"depth":419,"text":60339},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":79545},[79546,79548,79550,79551,79552],{"id":79398,"depth":419,"text":79547},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79407,"depth":419,"text":79549},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79422,"depth":419,"text":79423},{"id":79451,"depth":419,"text":79452},{"id":79487,"depth":419,"text":79553},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77485,"description":79555},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79562,"title":79563,"body":79564,"description":82195,"extension":1796,"meta":82196,"navigation":807,"path":82197,"seo":82198,"stem":82199,"__hash__":82200},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79565,"toc":82154},[79566,79571,79576,79579,79590,79593,79613,79615,79677,79679,79720,79729,79734,79739,79745,79756,79758,79777,79780,79785,79790,79792,79797,79811,79813,79831,79834,79851,79854,79860,79883,79888,79890,79893,79954,79956,79989,79991,80030,80038,80048,80054,80059,80152,80154,80178,80180,80198,80201,80232,80238,80243,80246,80248,80373,80375,80399,80401,80420,80426,80432,80551,80553,80570,80577,80583,80588,80595,80601,80603,80660,80663,80684,80687,80690,80751,80753,80786,80790,80860,80862,80879,80883,80886,80961,80963,81000,81003,81006,81077,81079,81140,81145,81150,81153,81167,81169,81242,81244,81264,81267,81270,81327,81389,81392,81424,81427,81442,81447,81449,81455,81458,81514,81517,81519,81538,81542,81544,81588,81597,81599,81659,81663,81666,81668,81761,81763,81878,81882,81884,81958,81961,81964,81966,81971,82036,82038,82062,82072,82074,82080,82089,82098,82107,82113,82116,82120,82123,82125,82151],[10,79567,13,79569,18],{"id":79568},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79570,39542],{},[20,79572,3398,79573,79575],{},[15,79574,39542],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79577,79578],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[126,79580,79581,79584,79587],{},[129,79582,79583],{},"converting numbers to strings",[129,79585,79586],{},"changing strings to integers",[129,79588,79589],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79591,79592],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[126,79594,79595,79602,79608],{},[129,79596,79597,13880,79599,79601],{},[15,79598,39542],{},[3563,79600,4457],{}," return a list in Python 3",[129,79603,79604,79605],{},"it returns a ",[3563,79606,79607],{},"map object",[129,79609,79610,79611],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79612,24610],{},[30,79614,33],{"id":32},[35,79616,79618],{"className":37,"code":79617,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79619,79620,79644,79663],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79621,79622,79624,79626,79628,79630,79632,79634,79636,79638,79640,79642],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79623,3435],{"class":50},[44,79625,55],{"class":54},[44,79627,3440],{"class":62},[44,79629,2807],{"class":452},[44,79631,186],{"class":62},[44,79633,2812],{"class":452},[44,79635,186],{"class":62},[44,79637,2282],{"class":452},[44,79639,186],{"class":62},[44,79641,2287],{"class":452},[44,79643,3453],{"class":62},[44,79645,79646,79648,79650,79653,79655,79657,79659,79661],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,79647,2059],{"class":50},[44,79649,55],{"class":54},[44,79651,79652],{"class":58}," map",[44,79654,63],{"class":62},[44,79656,473],{"class":426},[44,79658,186],{"class":62},[44,79660,4088],{"class":97},[44,79662,76],{"class":62},[44,79664,79665,79667,79669,79671,79673,79675],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,79666,82],{"class":58},[44,79668,63],{"class":62},[44,79670,7921],{"class":426},[44,79672,63],{"class":62},[44,79674,2094],{"class":97},[44,79676,434],{"class":62},[20,79678,1031],{},[35,79680,79682],{"className":37,"code":79681,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79683,79684],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79685,79686,79688,79690,79692,79694,79696,79698,79700,79702,79704,79706,79708,79710,79712,79714,79716,79718],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79687,3723],{"class":62},[44,79689,476],{"class":66},[44,79691,2807],{"class":70},[44,79693,476],{"class":66},[44,79695,186],{"class":62},[44,79697,470],{"class":66},[44,79699,1889],{"class":70},[44,79701,476],{"class":66},[44,79703,186],{"class":62},[44,79705,470],{"class":66},[44,79707,1894],{"class":70},[44,79709,476],{"class":66},[44,79711,186],{"class":62},[44,79713,470],{"class":66},[44,79715,1125],{"class":70},[44,79717,476],{"class":66},[44,79719,3453],{"class":62},[20,79721,103,79722,79725,79726,79728],{},[15,79723,79724],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,79727,24610],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[30,79730,113,79732,116],{"id":79731},"what-map-does",[15,79733,39542],{},[20,79735,79736,79738],{},[15,79737,39542],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79740,79741,79742,79744],{},"An ",[3563,79743,3540],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[126,79746,79747,79749,79751,79753],{},[129,79748,37727],{},[129,79750,37730],{},[129,79752,37733],{},[129,79754,79755],{},"a range object",[20,79757,30552],{},[35,79759,79761],{"className":37,"code":79760,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,79762,79763],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79764,79765,79767,79769,79771,79773,79775],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79766,39685],{"class":58},[44,79768,63],{"class":62},[44,79770,37686],{"class":97},[44,79772,186],{"class":62},[44,79774,37691],{"class":97},[44,79776,76],{"class":62},[20,79778,79779],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,79781,79782,79783,33567],{},"Important: the result is a ",[3563,79784,79607],{},[20,79786,79787,79788,504],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[491,79789,4964],{"href":4963},[30,79791,250],{"id":249},[20,79793,79794,79796],{},[15,79795,39542],{}," needs at least two parts:",[126,79798,79799,79805],{},[129,79800,79801,79804],{},[3563,79802,79803],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[129,79806,79807,79810],{},[3563,79808,79809],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,79812,3525],{},[35,79814,79815],{"className":37,"code":79760,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,79816,79817],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79818,79819,79821,79823,79825,79827,79829],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79820,39685],{"class":58},[44,79822,63],{"class":62},[44,79824,37686],{"class":97},[44,79826,186],{"class":62},[44,79828,37691],{"class":97},[44,79830,76],{"class":62},[20,79832,79833],{},"You can pass:",[126,79835,79836,79845,79848],{},[129,79837,79838,79839,2018,79841,2022,79843],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,79840,473],{},[15,79842,588],{},[15,79844,1849],{},[129,79846,79847],{},"your own custom function",[129,79849,79850],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,79852,79853],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,79855,79856,79857,79859],{},"You will often see ",[15,79858,39542],{}," used like this:",[35,79861,79863],{"className":37,"code":79862,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,79864,79865],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79866,79867,79869,79871,79873,79875,79877,79879,79881],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79868,7921],{"class":426},[44,79870,63],{"class":62},[44,79872,39685],{"class":58},[44,79874,63],{"class":62},[44,79876,37686],{"class":97},[44,79878,186],{"class":62},[44,79880,3708],{"class":97},[44,79882,434],{"class":62},[20,79884,6507,79885,79887],{},[15,79886,24610],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[30,79889,11300],{"id":11299},[20,79891,79892],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[35,79894,79896],{"className":37,"code":79895,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79897,79898,79918,79936,79940],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79899,79900,79902,79904,79906,79908,79910,79912,79914,79916],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79901,3435],{"class":50},[44,79903,55],{"class":54},[44,79905,3440],{"class":62},[44,79907,2161],{"class":452},[44,79909,186],{"class":62},[44,79911,7620],{"class":452},[44,79913,186],{"class":62},[44,79915,7625],{"class":452},[44,79917,3453],{"class":62},[44,79919,79920,79922,79924,79926,79928,79930,79932,79934],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,79921,2059],{"class":50},[44,79923,55],{"class":54},[44,79925,79652],{"class":58},[44,79927,63],{"class":62},[44,79929,473],{"class":426},[44,79931,186],{"class":62},[44,79933,4088],{"class":97},[44,79935,76],{"class":62},[44,79937,79938],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,79939,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,79941,79942,79944,79946,79948,79950,79952],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,79943,82],{"class":58},[44,79945,63],{"class":62},[44,79947,7921],{"class":426},[44,79949,63],{"class":62},[44,79951,2094],{"class":97},[44,79953,434],{"class":62},[20,79955,1031],{},[35,79957,79959],{"className":37,"code":79958,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,79960,79961],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79962,79963,79965,79967,79969,79971,79973,79975,79977,79979,79981,79983,79985,79987],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79964,3723],{"class":62},[44,79966,476],{"class":66},[44,79968,2161],{"class":70},[44,79970,476],{"class":66},[44,79972,186],{"class":62},[44,79974,470],{"class":66},[44,79976,15582],{"class":70},[44,79978,476],{"class":66},[44,79980,186],{"class":62},[44,79982,470],{"class":66},[44,79984,36667],{"class":70},[44,79986,476],{"class":66},[44,79988,3453],{"class":62},[20,79990,11509],{},[126,79992,79993,79998,80006,80014,80022],{},[129,79994,79995,79997],{},[15,79996,3467],{}," contains integers",[129,79999,80000,80003,80004],{},[15,80001,80002],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80005,47308],{},[129,80007,80008,1698,80011],{},[15,80009,80010],{},"str(10)",[15,80012,80013],{},"'10'",[129,80015,80016,1698,80019],{},[15,80017,80018],{},"str(20)",[15,80020,80021],{},"'20'",[129,80023,80024,1698,80027],{},[15,80025,80026],{},"str(30)",[15,80028,80029],{},"'30'",[20,80031,53280,80032,80034,80035,80037],{},[15,80033,39542],{}," applies ",[15,80036,47308],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80039,80040,80041,80043,80044,504],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80042,24610],{}," better, see ",[491,80045,13,80046,1738],{"href":64477},[15,80047,24610],{},[30,80049,8243,80051,80053],{"id":80050},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80052,39542],{}," with your own function",[20,80055,15542,80056,80058],{},[15,80057,39542],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[35,80060,80062],{"className":37,"code":80061,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80063,80064,80077,80087,80091,80115,80134,80138],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80065,80066,80068,80071,80073,80075],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80067,34677],{"class":466},[44,80069,80070],{"class":34680}," double",[44,80072,63],{"class":62},[44,80074,2003],{"class":37488},[44,80076,8167],{"class":62},[44,80078,80079,80081,80083,80085],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,80080,34688],{"class":1384},[44,80082,3702],{"class":50},[44,80084,39698],{"class":54},[44,80086,846],{"class":452},[44,80088,80089],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,80090,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,80092,80093,80095,80097,80099,80101,80103,80105,80107,80109,80111,80113],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,80094,3435],{"class":50},[44,80096,55],{"class":54},[44,80098,3440],{"class":62},[44,80100,2807],{"class":452},[44,80102,186],{"class":62},[44,80104,2812],{"class":452},[44,80106,186],{"class":62},[44,80108,2282],{"class":452},[44,80110,186],{"class":62},[44,80112,2287],{"class":452},[44,80114,3453],{"class":62},[44,80116,80117,80119,80121,80123,80125,80128,80130,80132],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,80118,2059],{"class":50},[44,80120,55],{"class":54},[44,80122,79652],{"class":58},[44,80124,63],{"class":62},[44,80126,80127],{"class":97},"double",[44,80129,186],{"class":62},[44,80131,4088],{"class":97},[44,80133,76],{"class":62},[44,80135,80136],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,80137,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,80139,80140,80142,80144,80146,80148,80150],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,80141,82],{"class":58},[44,80143,63],{"class":62},[44,80145,7921],{"class":426},[44,80147,63],{"class":62},[44,80149,2094],{"class":97},[44,80151,434],{"class":62},[20,80153,1031],{},[35,80155,80156],{"className":37,"code":39711,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,80157,80158],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80159,80160,80162,80164,80166,80168,80170,80172,80174,80176],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80161,3723],{"class":62},[44,80163,1889],{"class":452},[44,80165,186],{"class":62},[44,80167,2287],{"class":452},[44,80169,186],{"class":62},[44,80171,37469],{"class":452},[44,80173,186],{"class":62},[44,80175,6189],{"class":452},[44,80177,3453],{"class":62},[20,80179,65214],{},[126,80181,80182,80189,80195],{},[129,80183,80184,80186,80187],{},[15,80185,39542],{}," takes the function ",[15,80188,80127],{},[129,80190,80191,80192,80194],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80193,3467],{}," into that function",[129,80196,80197],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80199,80200],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[126,80202,80203,80210,80217,80225],{},[129,80204,80205,5901,80208],{},[15,80206,80207],{},"double(1)",[15,80209,1889],{},[129,80211,80212,5901,80215],{},[15,80213,80214],{},"double(2)",[15,80216,1125],{},[129,80218,80219,5901,80222],{},[15,80220,80221],{},"double(3)",[15,80223,80224],{},"6",[129,80226,80227,5901,80230],{},[15,80228,80229],{},"double(4)",[15,80231,2176],{},[30,80233,8243,80235,80237],{"id":80234},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80236,39542],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80239,80240,80242],{},[15,80241,39542],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80244,80245],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80247,145],{},[35,80249,80251],{"className":37,"code":80250,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80252,80253,80270,80280,80284,80305,80326,80330,80355,80359],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80254,80255,80257,80260,80262,80264,80266,80268],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80256,34677],{"class":466},[44,80258,80259],{"class":34680}," add_numbers",[44,80261,63],{"class":62},[44,80263,491],{"class":37488},[44,80265,186],{"class":62},[44,80267,1117],{"class":37488},[44,80269,8167],{"class":62},[44,80271,80272,80274,80276,80278],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,80273,34688],{"class":1384},[44,80275,44359],{"class":50},[44,80277,708],{"class":54},[44,80279,36007],{"class":50},[44,80281,80282],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,80283,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,80285,80286,80289,80291,80293,80295,80297,80299,80301,80303],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,80287,80288],{"class":50},"list1 ",[44,80290,55],{"class":54},[44,80292,3440],{"class":62},[44,80294,2807],{"class":452},[44,80296,186],{"class":62},[44,80298,2812],{"class":452},[44,80300,186],{"class":62},[44,80302,2282],{"class":452},[44,80304,3453],{"class":62},[44,80306,80307,80310,80312,80314,80316,80318,80320,80322,80324],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,80308,80309],{"class":50},"list2 ",[44,80311,55],{"class":54},[44,80313,3440],{"class":62},[44,80315,2161],{"class":452},[44,80317,186],{"class":62},[44,80319,7620],{"class":452},[44,80321,186],{"class":62},[44,80323,7625],{"class":452},[44,80325,3453],{"class":62},[44,80327,80328],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,80329,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,80331,80332,80334,80336,80338,80340,80343,80345,80348,80350,80353],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,80333,2059],{"class":50},[44,80335,55],{"class":54},[44,80337,79652],{"class":58},[44,80339,63],{"class":62},[44,80341,80342],{"class":97},"add_numbers",[44,80344,186],{"class":62},[44,80346,80347],{"class":97}," list1",[44,80349,186],{"class":62},[44,80351,80352],{"class":97}," list2",[44,80354,76],{"class":62},[44,80356,80357],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,80358,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,80360,80361,80363,80365,80367,80369,80371],{"class":46,"line":6261},[44,80362,82],{"class":58},[44,80364,63],{"class":62},[44,80366,7921],{"class":426},[44,80368,63],{"class":62},[44,80370,2094],{"class":97},[44,80372,434],{"class":62},[20,80374,1031],{},[35,80376,80378],{"className":37,"code":80377,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80379,80380],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80381,80382,80384,80387,80389,80392,80394,80397],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80383,3723],{"class":62},[44,80385,80386],{"class":452},"11",[44,80388,186],{"class":62},[44,80390,80391],{"class":452}," 22",[44,80393,186],{"class":62},[44,80395,80396],{"class":452}," 33",[44,80398,3453],{"class":62},[20,80400,2008],{},[126,80402,80403,80409,80415],{},[129,80404,80405,80406],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80407,80408],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[129,80410,80411,80412],{},"then ",[15,80413,80414],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[129,80416,80411,80417],{},[15,80418,80419],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[600,80421,80423,80425],{"id":80422},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80424,39542],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80427,80428,80429,80431],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80430,39542],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[35,80433,80435],{"className":37,"code":80434,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80436,80437,80453,80463,80467,80491,80507,80511,80533,80537],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80438,80439,80441,80443,80445,80447,80449,80451],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80440,34677],{"class":466},[44,80442,80259],{"class":34680},[44,80444,63],{"class":62},[44,80446,491],{"class":37488},[44,80448,186],{"class":62},[44,80450,1117],{"class":37488},[44,80452,8167],{"class":62},[44,80454,80455,80457,80459,80461],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,80456,34688],{"class":1384},[44,80458,44359],{"class":50},[44,80460,708],{"class":54},[44,80462,36007],{"class":50},[44,80464,80465],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,80466,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,80468,80469,80471,80473,80475,80477,80479,80481,80483,80485,80487,80489],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,80470,80288],{"class":50},[44,80472,55],{"class":54},[44,80474,3440],{"class":62},[44,80476,2807],{"class":452},[44,80478,186],{"class":62},[44,80480,2812],{"class":452},[44,80482,186],{"class":62},[44,80484,2282],{"class":452},[44,80486,186],{"class":62},[44,80488,2287],{"class":452},[44,80490,3453],{"class":62},[44,80492,80493,80495,80497,80499,80501,80503,80505],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,80494,80309],{"class":50},[44,80496,55],{"class":54},[44,80498,3440],{"class":62},[44,80500,2161],{"class":452},[44,80502,186],{"class":62},[44,80504,7620],{"class":452},[44,80506,3453],{"class":62},[44,80508,80509],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,80510,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,80512,80513,80515,80517,80519,80521,80523,80525,80527,80529,80531],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,80514,2059],{"class":50},[44,80516,55],{"class":54},[44,80518,79652],{"class":58},[44,80520,63],{"class":62},[44,80522,80342],{"class":97},[44,80524,186],{"class":62},[44,80526,80347],{"class":97},[44,80528,186],{"class":62},[44,80530,80352],{"class":97},[44,80532,76],{"class":62},[44,80534,80535],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,80536,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,80538,80539,80541,80543,80545,80547,80549],{"class":46,"line":6261},[44,80540,82],{"class":58},[44,80542,63],{"class":62},[44,80544,7921],{"class":426},[44,80546,63],{"class":62},[44,80548,2094],{"class":97},[44,80550,434],{"class":62},[20,80552,1031],{},[35,80554,80556],{"className":37,"code":80555,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80557,80558],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80559,80560,80562,80564,80566,80568],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80561,3723],{"class":62},[44,80563,80386],{"class":452},[44,80565,186],{"class":62},[44,80567,80391],{"class":452},[44,80569,3453],{"class":62},[20,80571,80572,80573,80576],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80574,80575],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[30,80578,80580,80582],{"id":80579},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80581,39542],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80584,37849,80585,80587],{},[15,80586,39542],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80589,80590,80591,80594],{},"This object is ",[3563,80592,80593],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[600,80596,2318,80598,80600],{"id":80597},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80599,32852],{}," looks strange",[20,80602,33468],{},[35,80604,80606],{"className":37,"code":80605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80607,80608,80628,80646,80650],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80609,80610,80612,80614,80616,80618,80620,80622,80624,80626],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80611,3435],{"class":50},[44,80613,55],{"class":54},[44,80615,3440],{"class":62},[44,80617,2807],{"class":452},[44,80619,186],{"class":62},[44,80621,2812],{"class":452},[44,80623,186],{"class":62},[44,80625,2282],{"class":452},[44,80627,3453],{"class":62},[44,80629,80630,80632,80634,80636,80638,80640,80642,80644],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,80631,2059],{"class":50},[44,80633,55],{"class":54},[44,80635,79652],{"class":58},[44,80637,63],{"class":62},[44,80639,473],{"class":426},[44,80641,186],{"class":62},[44,80643,4088],{"class":97},[44,80645,76],{"class":62},[44,80647,80648],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,80649,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,80651,80652,80654,80656,80658],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,80653,82],{"class":58},[44,80655,63],{"class":62},[44,80657,2094],{"class":97},[44,80659,76],{"class":62},[20,80661,80662],{},"Output will look something like this:",[35,80664,80666],{"className":37,"code":80665,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80667,80668],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80669,80670,80672,80674,80676,80678,80680,80682],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80671,463],{"class":54},[44,80673,39685],{"class":58},[44,80675,24446],{"class":426},[44,80677,37190],{"class":50},[44,80679,37193],{"class":212},[44,80681,37196],{"class":34279},[44,80683,479],{"class":54},[20,80685,80686],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,80688,80689],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[35,80691,80693],{"className":37,"code":80692,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80694,80695,80715,80733,80737],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80696,80697,80699,80701,80703,80705,80707,80709,80711,80713],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80698,3435],{"class":50},[44,80700,55],{"class":54},[44,80702,3440],{"class":62},[44,80704,2807],{"class":452},[44,80706,186],{"class":62},[44,80708,2812],{"class":452},[44,80710,186],{"class":62},[44,80712,2282],{"class":452},[44,80714,3453],{"class":62},[44,80716,80717,80719,80721,80723,80725,80727,80729,80731],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,80718,2059],{"class":50},[44,80720,55],{"class":54},[44,80722,79652],{"class":58},[44,80724,63],{"class":62},[44,80726,473],{"class":426},[44,80728,186],{"class":62},[44,80730,4088],{"class":97},[44,80732,76],{"class":62},[44,80734,80735],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,80736,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,80738,80739,80741,80743,80745,80747,80749],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,80740,82],{"class":58},[44,80742,63],{"class":62},[44,80744,7921],{"class":426},[44,80746,63],{"class":62},[44,80748,2094],{"class":97},[44,80750,434],{"class":62},[20,80752,1031],{},[35,80754,80756],{"className":37,"code":80755,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80757,80758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80759,80760,80762,80764,80766,80768,80770,80772,80774,80776,80778,80780,80782,80784],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80761,3723],{"class":62},[44,80763,476],{"class":66},[44,80765,2807],{"class":70},[44,80767,476],{"class":66},[44,80769,186],{"class":62},[44,80771,470],{"class":66},[44,80773,1889],{"class":70},[44,80775,476],{"class":66},[44,80777,186],{"class":62},[44,80779,470],{"class":66},[44,80781,1894],{"class":70},[44,80783,476],{"class":66},[44,80785,3453],{"class":62},[600,80787,80789],{"id":80788},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[35,80791,80793],{"className":37,"code":80792,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,80794,80795,80815,80833,80837,80850],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80796,80797,80799,80801,80803,80805,80807,80809,80811,80813],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80798,3435],{"class":50},[44,80800,55],{"class":54},[44,80802,3440],{"class":62},[44,80804,2807],{"class":452},[44,80806,186],{"class":62},[44,80808,2812],{"class":452},[44,80810,186],{"class":62},[44,80812,2282],{"class":452},[44,80814,3453],{"class":62},[44,80816,80817,80819,80821,80823,80825,80827,80829,80831],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,80818,2059],{"class":50},[44,80820,55],{"class":54},[44,80822,79652],{"class":58},[44,80824,63],{"class":62},[44,80826,473],{"class":426},[44,80828,186],{"class":62},[44,80830,4088],{"class":97},[44,80832,76],{"class":62},[44,80834,80835],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,80836,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,80838,80839,80841,80843,80845,80848],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,80840,5787],{"class":1384},[44,80842,5790],{"class":50},[44,80844,3705],{"class":1384},[44,80846,80847],{"class":50}," result",[44,80849,1388],{"class":62},[44,80851,80852,80854,80856,80858],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,80853,1416],{"class":58},[44,80855,63],{"class":62},[44,80857,23139],{"class":97},[44,80859,76],{"class":62},[20,80861,1031],{},[35,80863,80865],{"className":37,"code":80864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,80866,80867,80871,80875],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80868,80869],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80870,46541],{"class":452},[44,80872,80873],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,80874,16885],{"class":452},[44,80876,80877],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,80878,46241],{"class":452},[600,80880,80882],{"id":80881},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,80884,80885],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[35,80887,80889],{"className":37,"code":80888,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80890,80891,80911,80929,80933,80947],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80892,80893,80895,80897,80899,80901,80903,80905,80907,80909],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80894,3435],{"class":50},[44,80896,55],{"class":54},[44,80898,3440],{"class":62},[44,80900,2807],{"class":452},[44,80902,186],{"class":62},[44,80904,2812],{"class":452},[44,80906,186],{"class":62},[44,80908,2282],{"class":452},[44,80910,3453],{"class":62},[44,80912,80913,80915,80917,80919,80921,80923,80925,80927],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,80914,2059],{"class":50},[44,80916,55],{"class":54},[44,80918,79652],{"class":58},[44,80920,63],{"class":62},[44,80922,473],{"class":426},[44,80924,186],{"class":62},[44,80926,4088],{"class":97},[44,80928,76],{"class":62},[44,80930,80931],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,80932,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,80934,80935,80937,80939,80941,80943,80945],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,80936,82],{"class":58},[44,80938,63],{"class":62},[44,80940,7921],{"class":426},[44,80942,63],{"class":62},[44,80944,2094],{"class":97},[44,80946,434],{"class":62},[44,80948,80949,80951,80953,80955,80957,80959],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,80950,82],{"class":58},[44,80952,63],{"class":62},[44,80954,7921],{"class":426},[44,80956,63],{"class":62},[44,80958,2094],{"class":97},[44,80960,434],{"class":62},[20,80962,1031],{},[35,80964,80966],{"className":37,"code":80965,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,80967,80968,80996],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80969,80970,80972,80974,80976,80978,80980,80982,80984,80986,80988,80990,80992,80994],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80971,3723],{"class":62},[44,80973,476],{"class":66},[44,80975,2807],{"class":70},[44,80977,476],{"class":66},[44,80979,186],{"class":62},[44,80981,470],{"class":66},[44,80983,1889],{"class":70},[44,80985,476],{"class":66},[44,80987,186],{"class":62},[44,80989,470],{"class":66},[44,80991,1894],{"class":70},[44,80993,476],{"class":66},[44,80995,3453],{"class":62},[44,80997,80998],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,80999,38123],{"class":62},[20,81001,81002],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81004,81005],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[35,81007,81009],{"className":37,"code":81008,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81010,81011,81031,81053,81057,81067],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81012,81013,81015,81017,81019,81021,81023,81025,81027,81029],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81014,3435],{"class":50},[44,81016,55],{"class":54},[44,81018,3440],{"class":62},[44,81020,2807],{"class":452},[44,81022,186],{"class":62},[44,81024,2812],{"class":452},[44,81026,186],{"class":62},[44,81028,2282],{"class":452},[44,81030,3453],{"class":62},[44,81032,81033,81035,81037,81039,81041,81043,81045,81047,81049,81051],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,81034,2059],{"class":50},[44,81036,55],{"class":54},[44,81038,22388],{"class":426},[44,81040,63],{"class":62},[44,81042,39685],{"class":58},[44,81044,63],{"class":62},[44,81046,473],{"class":426},[44,81048,186],{"class":62},[44,81050,4088],{"class":97},[44,81052,434],{"class":62},[44,81054,81055],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,81056,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,81058,81059,81061,81063,81065],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,81060,82],{"class":58},[44,81062,63],{"class":62},[44,81064,2094],{"class":97},[44,81066,76],{"class":62},[44,81068,81069,81071,81073,81075],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,81070,82],{"class":58},[44,81072,63],{"class":62},[44,81074,2094],{"class":97},[44,81076,76],{"class":62},[20,81078,1031],{},[35,81080,81082],{"className":37,"code":81081,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81083,81084,81112],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81085,81086,81088,81090,81092,81094,81096,81098,81100,81102,81104,81106,81108,81110],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81087,3723],{"class":62},[44,81089,476],{"class":66},[44,81091,2807],{"class":70},[44,81093,476],{"class":66},[44,81095,186],{"class":62},[44,81097,470],{"class":66},[44,81099,1889],{"class":70},[44,81101,476],{"class":66},[44,81103,186],{"class":62},[44,81105,470],{"class":66},[44,81107,1894],{"class":70},[44,81109,476],{"class":66},[44,81111,3453],{"class":62},[44,81113,81114,81116,81118,81120,81122,81124,81126,81128,81130,81132,81134,81136,81138],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,81115,3723],{"class":62},[44,81117,476],{"class":66},[44,81119,2807],{"class":70},[44,81121,476],{"class":66},[44,81123,186],{"class":62},[44,81125,470],{"class":66},[44,81127,1889],{"class":70},[44,81129,476],{"class":66},[44,81131,186],{"class":62},[44,81133,470],{"class":66},[44,81135,1894],{"class":70},[44,81137,476],{"class":66},[44,81139,3453],{"class":62},[30,81141,4788,81143],{"id":81142},"when-to-use-map",[15,81144,39542],{},[20,81146,81147,81149],{},[15,81148,39542],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81151,81152],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[126,81154,81155,81159,81163],{},[129,81156,81157],{},[15,81158,473],{},[129,81160,81161],{},[15,81162,588],{},[129,81164,81165],{},[15,81166,1849],{},[20,81168,145],{},[35,81170,81172],{"className":37,"code":81171,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81173,81174,81206,81228,81232],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81175,81176,81178,81180,81182,81184,81186,81188,81190,81192,81194,81196,81198,81200,81202,81204],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81177,3644],{"class":50},[44,81179,55],{"class":54},[44,81181,3440],{"class":62},[44,81183,476],{"class":66},[44,81185,2807],{"class":70},[44,81187,476],{"class":66},[44,81189,186],{"class":62},[44,81191,470],{"class":66},[44,81193,1889],{"class":70},[44,81195,476],{"class":66},[44,81197,186],{"class":62},[44,81199,470],{"class":66},[44,81201,1894],{"class":70},[44,81203,476],{"class":66},[44,81205,3453],{"class":62},[44,81207,81208,81210,81212,81214,81216,81218,81220,81222,81224,81226],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,81209,3435],{"class":50},[44,81211,55],{"class":54},[44,81213,22388],{"class":426},[44,81215,63],{"class":62},[44,81217,39685],{"class":58},[44,81219,63],{"class":62},[44,81221,588],{"class":426},[44,81223,186],{"class":62},[44,81225,3708],{"class":97},[44,81227,434],{"class":62},[44,81229,81230],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,81231,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,81233,81234,81236,81238,81240],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,81235,82],{"class":58},[44,81237,63],{"class":62},[44,81239,3467],{"class":97},[44,81241,76],{"class":62},[20,81243,1031],{},[35,81245,81246],{"className":37,"code":54777,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81247,81248],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81249,81250,81252,81254,81256,81258,81260,81262],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81251,3723],{"class":62},[44,81253,2807],{"class":452},[44,81255,186],{"class":62},[44,81257,2812],{"class":452},[44,81259,186],{"class":62},[44,81261,2282],{"class":452},[44,81263,3453],{"class":62},[20,81265,81266],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81268,81269],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[35,81271,81273],{"className":37,"code":81272,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81274,81275,81295,81317],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81276,81277,81279,81281,81283,81285,81287,81289,81291,81293],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81278,3435],{"class":50},[44,81280,55],{"class":54},[44,81282,3440],{"class":62},[44,81284,2807],{"class":452},[44,81286,186],{"class":62},[44,81288,2812],{"class":452},[44,81290,186],{"class":62},[44,81292,2282],{"class":452},[44,81294,3453],{"class":62},[44,81296,81297,81299,81301,81303,81305,81307,81309,81311,81313,81315],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,81298,2059],{"class":50},[44,81300,55],{"class":54},[44,81302,22388],{"class":426},[44,81304,63],{"class":62},[44,81306,39685],{"class":58},[44,81308,63],{"class":62},[44,81310,473],{"class":426},[44,81312,186],{"class":62},[44,81314,4088],{"class":97},[44,81316,434],{"class":62},[44,81318,81319,81321,81323,81325],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,81320,82],{"class":58},[44,81322,63],{"class":62},[44,81324,2094],{"class":97},[44,81326,76],{"class":62},[35,81328,81330],{"className":37,"code":81329,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81331,81332,81352,81379],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81333,81334,81336,81338,81340,81342,81344,81346,81348,81350],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81335,3435],{"class":50},[44,81337,55],{"class":54},[44,81339,3440],{"class":62},[44,81341,2807],{"class":452},[44,81343,186],{"class":62},[44,81345,2812],{"class":452},[44,81347,186],{"class":62},[44,81349,2282],{"class":452},[44,81351,3453],{"class":62},[44,81353,81354,81356,81358,81360,81362,81364,81366,81368,81370,81373,81375,81377],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,81355,2059],{"class":50},[44,81357,55],{"class":54},[44,81359,3440],{"class":62},[44,81361,473],{"class":426},[44,81363,63],{"class":62},[44,81365,75660],{"class":97},[44,81367,3480],{"class":62},[44,81369,3699],{"class":1384},[44,81371,81372],{"class":50}," n ",[44,81374,3705],{"class":1384},[44,81376,4088],{"class":50},[44,81378,3453],{"class":62},[44,81380,81381,81383,81385,81387],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,81382,82],{"class":58},[44,81384,63],{"class":62},[44,81386,2094],{"class":97},[44,81388,76],{"class":62},[20,81390,81391],{},"Both produce:",[35,81393,81394],{"className":37,"code":80755,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81395,81396],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81397,81398,81400,81402,81404,81406,81408,81410,81412,81414,81416,81418,81420,81422],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81399,3723],{"class":62},[44,81401,476],{"class":66},[44,81403,2807],{"class":70},[44,81405,476],{"class":66},[44,81407,186],{"class":62},[44,81409,470],{"class":66},[44,81411,1889],{"class":70},[44,81413,476],{"class":66},[44,81415,186],{"class":62},[44,81417,470],{"class":66},[44,81419,1894],{"class":70},[44,81421,476],{"class":66},[44,81423,3453],{"class":62},[20,81425,81426],{},"A simple rule:",[126,81428,81429,81434,81439],{},[129,81430,39815,81431,81433],{},[15,81432,39542],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[129,81435,39821,81436,81438],{},[15,81437,5787],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[129,81440,81441],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81443,81444,81445,504],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[491,81446,4218],{"href":4217},[30,81448,4344],{"id":4343},[600,81450,81452,81453],{"id":81451},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81454,24610],{},[20,81456,81457],{},"This is very common:",[35,81459,81460],{"className":37,"code":80605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81461,81462,81482,81500,81504],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81463,81464,81466,81468,81470,81472,81474,81476,81478,81480],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81465,3435],{"class":50},[44,81467,55],{"class":54},[44,81469,3440],{"class":62},[44,81471,2807],{"class":452},[44,81473,186],{"class":62},[44,81475,2812],{"class":452},[44,81477,186],{"class":62},[44,81479,2282],{"class":452},[44,81481,3453],{"class":62},[44,81483,81484,81486,81488,81490,81492,81494,81496,81498],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,81485,2059],{"class":50},[44,81487,55],{"class":54},[44,81489,79652],{"class":58},[44,81491,63],{"class":62},[44,81493,473],{"class":426},[44,81495,186],{"class":62},[44,81497,4088],{"class":97},[44,81499,76],{"class":62},[44,81501,81502],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,81503,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,81505,81506,81508,81510,81512],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,81507,82],{"class":58},[44,81509,63],{"class":62},[44,81511,2094],{"class":97},[44,81513,76],{"class":62},[20,81515,81516],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81518,39087],{},[35,81520,81522],{"className":37,"code":81521,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81523,81524],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81525,81526,81528,81530,81532,81534,81536],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81527,82],{"class":58},[44,81529,63],{"class":62},[44,81531,7921],{"class":426},[44,81533,63],{"class":62},[44,81535,2094],{"class":97},[44,81537,434],{"class":62},[600,81539,81541],{"id":81540},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81543,16472],{},[35,81545,81547],{"className":37,"code":81546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81548,81549,81569],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81550,81551,81553,81555,81557,81559,81561,81563,81565,81567],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81552,3435],{"class":50},[44,81554,55],{"class":54},[44,81556,3440],{"class":62},[44,81558,2807],{"class":452},[44,81560,186],{"class":62},[44,81562,2812],{"class":452},[44,81564,186],{"class":62},[44,81566,2282],{"class":452},[44,81568,3453],{"class":62},[44,81570,81571,81573,81575,81577,81579,81581,81584,81586],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,81572,2059],{"class":50},[44,81574,55],{"class":54},[44,81576,79652],{"class":58},[44,81578,63],{"class":62},[44,81580,473],{"class":426},[44,81582,81583],{"class":62},"(),",[44,81585,4088],{"class":97},[44,81587,76],{"class":62},[20,81589,81590,81591,81593,81594,81596],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81592,47308],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81595,39542],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81598,16484],{},[35,81600,81601],{"className":37,"code":80692,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81602,81603,81623,81641,81645],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81604,81605,81607,81609,81611,81613,81615,81617,81619,81621],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81606,3435],{"class":50},[44,81608,55],{"class":54},[44,81610,3440],{"class":62},[44,81612,2807],{"class":452},[44,81614,186],{"class":62},[44,81616,2812],{"class":452},[44,81618,186],{"class":62},[44,81620,2282],{"class":452},[44,81622,3453],{"class":62},[44,81624,81625,81627,81629,81631,81633,81635,81637,81639],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,81626,2059],{"class":50},[44,81628,55],{"class":54},[44,81630,79652],{"class":58},[44,81632,63],{"class":62},[44,81634,473],{"class":426},[44,81636,186],{"class":62},[44,81638,4088],{"class":97},[44,81640,76],{"class":62},[44,81642,81643],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,81644,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,81646,81647,81649,81651,81653,81655,81657],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,81648,82],{"class":58},[44,81650,63],{"class":62},[44,81652,7921],{"class":426},[44,81654,63],{"class":62},[44,81656,2094],{"class":97},[44,81658,434],{"class":62},[600,81660,81662],{"id":81661},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,81664,81665],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,81667,16472],{},[35,81669,81671],{"className":37,"code":81670,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81672,81673,81690,81700,81704,81724,81743,81747],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81674,81675,81677,81680,81682,81684,81686,81688],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81676,34677],{"class":466},[44,81678,81679],{"class":34680}," add",[44,81681,63],{"class":62},[44,81683,491],{"class":37488},[44,81685,186],{"class":62},[44,81687,1117],{"class":37488},[44,81689,8167],{"class":62},[44,81691,81692,81694,81696,81698],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,81693,34688],{"class":1384},[44,81695,44359],{"class":50},[44,81697,708],{"class":54},[44,81699,36007],{"class":50},[44,81701,81702],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,81703,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,81705,81706,81708,81710,81712,81714,81716,81718,81720,81722],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,81707,3435],{"class":50},[44,81709,55],{"class":54},[44,81711,3440],{"class":62},[44,81713,2807],{"class":452},[44,81715,186],{"class":62},[44,81717,2812],{"class":452},[44,81719,186],{"class":62},[44,81721,2282],{"class":452},[44,81723,3453],{"class":62},[44,81725,81726,81728,81730,81732,81734,81737,81739,81741],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,81727,2059],{"class":50},[44,81729,55],{"class":54},[44,81731,79652],{"class":58},[44,81733,63],{"class":62},[44,81735,81736],{"class":97},"add",[44,81738,186],{"class":62},[44,81740,4088],{"class":97},[44,81742,76],{"class":62},[44,81744,81745],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,81746,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,81748,81749,81751,81753,81755,81757,81759],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,81750,82],{"class":58},[44,81752,63],{"class":62},[44,81754,7921],{"class":426},[44,81756,63],{"class":62},[44,81758,2094],{"class":97},[44,81760,434],{"class":62},[20,81762,16484],{},[35,81764,81766],{"className":37,"code":81765,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81767,81768,81784,81794,81798,81818,81838,81860,81864],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81769,81770,81772,81774,81776,81778,81780,81782],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81771,34677],{"class":466},[44,81773,81679],{"class":34680},[44,81775,63],{"class":62},[44,81777,491],{"class":37488},[44,81779,186],{"class":62},[44,81781,1117],{"class":37488},[44,81783,8167],{"class":62},[44,81785,81786,81788,81790,81792],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,81787,34688],{"class":1384},[44,81789,44359],{"class":50},[44,81791,708],{"class":54},[44,81793,36007],{"class":50},[44,81795,81796],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,81797,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,81799,81800,81802,81804,81806,81808,81810,81812,81814,81816],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,81801,80288],{"class":50},[44,81803,55],{"class":54},[44,81805,3440],{"class":62},[44,81807,2807],{"class":452},[44,81809,186],{"class":62},[44,81811,2812],{"class":452},[44,81813,186],{"class":62},[44,81815,2282],{"class":452},[44,81817,3453],{"class":62},[44,81819,81820,81822,81824,81826,81828,81830,81832,81834,81836],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,81821,80309],{"class":50},[44,81823,55],{"class":54},[44,81825,3440],{"class":62},[44,81827,2161],{"class":452},[44,81829,186],{"class":62},[44,81831,7620],{"class":452},[44,81833,186],{"class":62},[44,81835,7625],{"class":452},[44,81837,3453],{"class":62},[44,81839,81840,81842,81844,81846,81848,81850,81852,81854,81856,81858],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,81841,2059],{"class":50},[44,81843,55],{"class":54},[44,81845,79652],{"class":58},[44,81847,63],{"class":62},[44,81849,81736],{"class":97},[44,81851,186],{"class":62},[44,81853,80347],{"class":97},[44,81855,186],{"class":62},[44,81857,80352],{"class":97},[44,81859,76],{"class":62},[44,81861,81862],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,81863,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,81865,81866,81868,81870,81872,81874,81876],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,81867,82],{"class":58},[44,81869,63],{"class":62},[44,81871,7921],{"class":426},[44,81873,63],{"class":62},[44,81875,2094],{"class":97},[44,81877,434],{"class":62},[600,81879,81881],{"id":81880},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,81883,16472],{},[35,81885,81886],{"className":37,"code":80888,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81887,81888,81908,81926,81930,81944],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81889,81890,81892,81894,81896,81898,81900,81902,81904,81906],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81891,3435],{"class":50},[44,81893,55],{"class":54},[44,81895,3440],{"class":62},[44,81897,2807],{"class":452},[44,81899,186],{"class":62},[44,81901,2812],{"class":452},[44,81903,186],{"class":62},[44,81905,2282],{"class":452},[44,81907,3453],{"class":62},[44,81909,81910,81912,81914,81916,81918,81920,81922,81924],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,81911,2059],{"class":50},[44,81913,55],{"class":54},[44,81915,79652],{"class":58},[44,81917,63],{"class":62},[44,81919,473],{"class":426},[44,81921,186],{"class":62},[44,81923,4088],{"class":97},[44,81925,76],{"class":62},[44,81927,81928],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,81929,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,81931,81932,81934,81936,81938,81940,81942],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,81933,82],{"class":58},[44,81935,63],{"class":62},[44,81937,7921],{"class":426},[44,81939,63],{"class":62},[44,81941,2094],{"class":97},[44,81943,434],{"class":62},[44,81945,81946,81948,81950,81952,81954,81956],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,81947,82],{"class":58},[44,81949,63],{"class":62},[44,81951,7921],{"class":426},[44,81953,63],{"class":62},[44,81955,2094],{"class":97},[44,81957,434],{"class":62},[20,81959,81960],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,81962,81963],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[30,81965,67525],{"id":67524},[20,81967,8700,81968,81970],{},[15,81969,39542],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[35,81972,81974],{"className":37,"code":81973,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81975,81976,81986,82000,82014,82026],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81977,81978,81980,81982,81984],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81979,82],{"class":58},[44,81981,63],{"class":62},[44,81983,2094],{"class":97},[44,81985,76],{"class":62},[44,81987,81988,81990,81992,81994,81996,81998],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,81989,82],{"class":58},[44,81991,63],{"class":62},[44,81993,7921],{"class":426},[44,81995,63],{"class":62},[44,81997,2094],{"class":97},[44,81999,434],{"class":62},[44,82001,82002,82004,82006,82008,82010,82012],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,82003,82],{"class":58},[44,82005,63],{"class":62},[44,82007,427],{"class":426},[44,82009,63],{"class":62},[44,82011,2094],{"class":97},[44,82013,434],{"class":62},[44,82015,82016,82018,82020,82022,82024],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,82017,5787],{"class":1384},[44,82019,5790],{"class":50},[44,82021,3705],{"class":1384},[44,82023,80847],{"class":50},[44,82025,1388],{"class":62},[44,82027,82028,82030,82032,82034],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,82029,1416],{"class":58},[44,82031,63],{"class":62},[44,82033,23139],{"class":97},[44,82035,76],{"class":62},[20,82037,12497],{},[126,82039,82040,82045,82050,82056],{},[129,82041,82042,82044],{},[15,82043,32852],{}," shows that you have a map object",[129,82046,82047,82049],{},[15,82048,32860],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[129,82051,82052,82055],{},[15,82053,82054],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[129,82057,82058,82059,82061],{},"looping over ",[15,82060,2094],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82063,82064,82065,82068,82069,82071],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82066,82067],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82070,5787],{}," loop consume the map object.",[30,82073,1651],{"id":1650},[600,82075,1655,82077,82079],{"id":82076},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82078,39542],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82081,82082,82083,82085,82086,23767],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82084,39542],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82087,82088],{},"list(map(...))",[600,82090,14730,82092,82094,82095,82097],{"id":82091},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82093,39542],{}," better than a ",[15,82096,5787],{}," loop?",[20,82099,82100,82101,82103,82104,82106],{},"Not always. ",[15,82102,39542],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82105,5787],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[600,82108,4997,82110,82112],{"id":82109},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82111,39542],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82114,82115],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[600,82117,82119],{"id":82118},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82121,82122],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[30,82124,1719],{"id":1718},[126,82126,82127,82133,82139,82143,82147],{},[129,82128,82129],{},[491,82130,13,82131,1738],{"href":39910},[15,82132,37401],{},[129,82134,82135],{},[491,82136,13,82137,1738],{"href":64477},[15,82138,24610],{},[129,82140,82141],{},[491,82142,5049],{"href":4959},[129,82144,82145],{},[491,82146,5054],{"href":4217},[129,82148,82149],{},[491,82150,5044],{"href":4963},[1758,82152,82153],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":82155},[82156,82157,82159,82160,82161,82163,82168,82175,82177,82184,82185,82194],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":79731,"depth":79,"text":82158},"What map() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":11299,"depth":79,"text":11300},{"id":80050,"depth":79,"text":82162},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80234,"depth":79,"text":82164,"children":82165},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82166],{"id":80422,"depth":419,"text":82167},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80579,"depth":79,"text":82169,"children":82170},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82171,82173,82174],{"id":80597,"depth":419,"text":82172},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80788,"depth":419,"text":80789},{"id":80881,"depth":419,"text":80882},{"id":81142,"depth":79,"text":82176},"When to use map()",{"id":4343,"depth":79,"text":4344,"children":82178},[82179,82181,82182,82183],{"id":81451,"depth":419,"text":82180},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81540,"depth":419,"text":81541},{"id":81661,"depth":419,"text":81662},{"id":81880,"depth":419,"text":81881},{"id":67524,"depth":79,"text":67525},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":82186},[82187,82189,82191,82193],{"id":82076,"depth":419,"text":82188},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82091,"depth":419,"text":82190},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82109,"depth":419,"text":82192},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82118,"depth":419,"text":82119},{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79563,"description":82195},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82202,"title":82203,"body":82204,"description":84224,"extension":1796,"meta":84225,"navigation":807,"path":84226,"seo":84227,"stem":84228,"__hash__":84229},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82205,"toc":84182},[82206,82212,82217,82220,82228,82231,82233,82357,82359,82377,82379,82399,82404,82408,82422,82425,82428,82430,82435,82547,82550,82568,82574,82577,82639,82641,82650,82653,82667,82669,82717,82719,82728,82738,82744,82747,82774,82776,82784,82787,82790,82860,82862,82870,82873,82878,82883,82934,82936,82944,82947,82949,82966,82968,83020,83023,83029,83033,83038,83041,83045,83104,83106,83115,83121,83130,83134,83197,83199,83207,83212,83216,83221,83301,83303,83312,83319,83324,83329,83332,83367,83369,83377,83380,83386,83388,83438,83440,83449,83452,83470,83472,83477,83483,83490,83517,83519,83542,83547,83582,83587,83593,83598,83641,83644,83647,83686,83693,83699,83704,83719,83723,83730,83733,83737,83742,83746,83751,83753,83814,83816,83845,83850,83857,83866,83868,83871,83896,83898,84001,84004,84022,84031,84033,84038,84041,84047,84050,84052,84062,84068,84072,84130,84137,84145,84147,84179],[10,82207,13,82209,18],{"id":82208},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82210,82211],{},"max()",[20,82213,8945,82214,82216],{},[15,82215,82211],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82218,82219],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[126,82221,82222,82225],{},[129,82223,82224],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[129,82226,82227],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82229,82230],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[30,82232,33],{"id":32},[35,82234,82236],{"className":37,"code":82235,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82237,82238,82262,82277,82281,82307,82311,82343],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82239,82240,82242,82244,82246,82248,82250,82252,82254,82256,82258,82260],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82241,3435],{"class":50},[44,82243,55],{"class":54},[44,82245,3440],{"class":62},[44,82247,1894],{"class":452},[44,82249,186],{"class":62},[44,82251,6189],{"class":452},[44,82253,186],{"class":62},[44,82255,2812],{"class":452},[44,82257,186],{"class":62},[44,82259,4431],{"class":452},[44,82261,3453],{"class":62},[44,82263,82264,82266,82268,82271,82273,82275],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,82265,82],{"class":58},[44,82267,63],{"class":62},[44,82269,82270],{"class":58},"max",[44,82272,63],{"class":62},[44,82274,3467],{"class":97},[44,82276,434],{"class":62},[44,82278,82279],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,82280,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,82282,82283,82285,82287,82289,82291,82293,82295,82297,82299,82301,82303,82305],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,82284,82],{"class":58},[44,82286,63],{"class":62},[44,82288,82270],{"class":58},[44,82290,63],{"class":62},[44,82292,1894],{"class":452},[44,82294,186],{"class":62},[44,82296,6189],{"class":452},[44,82298,186],{"class":62},[44,82300,2812],{"class":452},[44,82302,186],{"class":62},[44,82304,4431],{"class":452},[44,82306,434],{"class":62},[44,82308,82309],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,82310,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,82312,82313,82315,82317,82319,82321,82323,82325,82327,82329,82331,82333,82335,82337,82339,82341],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,82314,3894],{"class":50},[44,82316,55],{"class":54},[44,82318,3440],{"class":62},[44,82320,67],{"class":66},[44,82322,3903],{"class":70},[44,82324,67],{"class":66},[44,82326,186],{"class":62},[44,82328,1438],{"class":66},[44,82330,3912],{"class":70},[44,82332,67],{"class":66},[44,82334,186],{"class":62},[44,82336,1438],{"class":66},[44,82338,78374],{"class":70},[44,82340,67],{"class":66},[44,82342,3453],{"class":62},[44,82344,82345,82347,82349,82351,82353,82355],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,82346,82],{"class":58},[44,82348,63],{"class":62},[44,82350,82270],{"class":58},[44,82352,63],{"class":62},[44,82354,3938],{"class":97},[44,82356,434],{"class":62},[20,82358,1031],{},[35,82360,82362],{"className":37,"code":82361,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82363,82364,82368,82372],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82365,82366],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82367,2212],{"class":452},[44,82369,82370],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,82371,2212],{"class":452},[44,82373,82374],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,82375,82376],{"class":50},"pear\n",[20,82378,228],{},[126,82380,82381,82387,82393],{},[129,82382,82383,82386],{},[15,82384,82385],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[129,82388,82389,82392],{},[15,82390,82391],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[129,82394,82395,82398],{},[15,82396,82397],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[30,82400,113,82402,116],{"id":82401},"what-max-does",[15,82403,82211],{},[20,82405,82406,449],{},[15,82407,82211],{},[126,82409,82410,82413,82416,82419],{},[129,82411,82412],{},"Returns the largest item",[129,82414,82415],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[129,82417,82418],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[129,82420,82421],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82423,82424],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82426,82427],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[30,82429,250],{"id":249},[20,82431,82432,82433,449],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82434,82211],{},[35,82436,82438],{"className":37,"code":82437,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82439,82440,82450,82474,82496,82519],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82441,82442,82444,82446,82448],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82443,82270],{"class":58},[44,82445,63],{"class":62},[44,82447,3540],{"class":97},[44,82449,76],{"class":62},[44,82451,82452,82454,82456,82458,82460,82463,82465,82467,82469,82472],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,82453,82270],{"class":58},[44,82455,63],{"class":62},[44,82457,3540],{"class":97},[44,82459,186],{"class":62},[44,82461,82462],{"class":54}," *",[44,82464,186],{"class":62},[44,82466,21408],{"class":8998},[44,82468,55],{"class":54},[44,82470,82471],{"class":97},"func",[44,82473,76],{"class":62},[44,82475,82476,82478,82480,82482,82484,82486,82488,82490,82492,82494],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,82477,82270],{"class":58},[44,82479,63],{"class":62},[44,82481,3540],{"class":97},[44,82483,186],{"class":62},[44,82485,82462],{"class":54},[44,82487,186],{"class":62},[44,82489,26353],{"class":8998},[44,82491,55],{"class":54},[44,82493,354],{"class":97},[44,82495,76],{"class":62},[44,82497,82498,82500,82502,82505,82507,82510,82512,82514,82517],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,82499,82270],{"class":58},[44,82501,63],{"class":62},[44,82503,82504],{"class":97},"arg1",[44,82506,186],{"class":62},[44,82508,82509],{"class":97}," arg2",[44,82511,186],{"class":62},[44,82513,82462],{"class":54},[44,82515,82516],{"class":97},"args",[44,82518,76],{"class":62},[44,82520,82521,82523,82525,82527,82529,82531,82533,82535,82537,82539,82541,82543,82545],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,82522,82270],{"class":58},[44,82524,63],{"class":62},[44,82526,82504],{"class":97},[44,82528,186],{"class":62},[44,82530,82509],{"class":97},[44,82532,186],{"class":62},[44,82534,82462],{"class":54},[44,82536,82516],{"class":97},[44,82538,186],{"class":62},[44,82540,21408],{"class":8998},[44,82542,55],{"class":54},[44,82544,82471],{"class":97},[44,82546,76],{"class":62},[20,82548,82549],{},"The most important parts are:",[126,82551,82552,82557,82562],{},[129,82553,82554,82556],{},[15,82555,3540],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[129,82558,82559,82561],{},[15,82560,14668],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[129,82563,82564,82567],{},[15,82565,82566],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[30,82569,8243,82571,82573],{"id":82570},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82572,82211],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82575,82576],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[35,82578,82580],{"className":37,"code":82579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82581,82582,82608,82624,82628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82583,82584,82586,82588,82590,82593,82595,82597,82599,82601,82603,82606],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82585,4891],{"class":50},[44,82587,55],{"class":54},[44,82589,3440],{"class":62},[44,82591,82592],{"class":452},"72",[44,82594,186],{"class":62},[44,82596,51136],{"class":452},[44,82598,186],{"class":62},[44,82600,13333],{"class":452},[44,82602,186],{"class":62},[44,82604,82605],{"class":452}," 66",[44,82607,3453],{"class":62},[44,82609,82610,82613,82615,82618,82620,82622],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,82611,82612],{"class":50},"highest_score ",[44,82614,55],{"class":54},[44,82616,82617],{"class":58}," max",[44,82619,63],{"class":62},[44,82621,16217],{"class":97},[44,82623,76],{"class":62},[44,82625,82626],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,82627,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,82629,82630,82632,82634,82637],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,82631,82],{"class":58},[44,82633,63],{"class":62},[44,82635,82636],{"class":97},"highest_score",[44,82638,76],{"class":62},[20,82640,1031],{},[35,82642,82644],{"className":37,"code":82643,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"91\n",[15,82645,82646],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82647,82648],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82649,82643],{"class":452},[20,82651,82652],{},"This works well for:",[126,82654,82655,82658,82661,82664],{},[129,82656,82657],{},"Scores",[129,82659,82660],{},"Prices",[129,82662,82663],{},"Ages",[129,82665,82666],{},"Counts",[20,82668,51706],{},[35,82670,82672],{"className":37,"code":82671,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82673,82674,82702],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82675,82676,82679,82681,82683,82685,82687,82690,82692,82695,82697,82700],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82677,82678],{"class":50},"prices ",[44,82680,55],{"class":54},[44,82682,3440],{"class":62},[44,82684,40223],{"class":452},[44,82686,186],{"class":62},[44,82688,82689],{"class":452}," 5.50",[44,82691,186],{"class":62},[44,82693,82694],{"class":452}," 12.75",[44,82696,186],{"class":62},[44,82698,82699],{"class":452}," 29.00",[44,82701,3453],{"class":62},[44,82703,82704,82706,82708,82710,82712,82715],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,82705,82],{"class":58},[44,82707,63],{"class":62},[44,82709,82270],{"class":58},[44,82711,63],{"class":62},[44,82713,82714],{"class":97},"prices",[44,82716,434],{"class":62},[20,82718,1031],{},[35,82720,82722],{"className":37,"code":82721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"29.0\n",[15,82723,82724],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82725,82726],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82727,82721],{"class":452},[20,82729,82730,82731,82733,82734,504],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,82732,82211],{}," is simpler than ",[491,82735,82736],{"href":74151},[15,82737,74054],{},[30,82739,8243,82741,82743],{"id":82740},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,82742,82211],{}," with separate values",[20,82745,82746],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[35,82748,82750],{"className":37,"code":82749,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,82751,82752],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82753,82754,82756,82758,82760,82762,82764,82766,82768,82770,82772],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82755,82],{"class":58},[44,82757,63],{"class":62},[44,82759,82270],{"class":58},[44,82761,63],{"class":62},[44,82763,1125],{"class":452},[44,82765,186],{"class":62},[44,82767,30770],{"class":452},[44,82769,186],{"class":62},[44,82771,5823],{"class":452},[44,82773,434],{"class":62},[20,82775,1031],{},[35,82777,82778],{"className":37,"code":2054,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,82779,82780],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82781,82782],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82783,2054],{"class":452},[20,82785,82786],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,82788,82789],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[35,82791,82793],{"className":37,"code":82792,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,82794,82795,82804,82812,82822,82826,82849],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82796,82797,82799,82801],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82798,1070],{"class":50},[44,82800,55],{"class":54},[44,82802,82803],{"class":452}," 15\n",[44,82805,82806,82808,82810],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,82807,1089],{"class":50},[44,82809,55],{"class":54},[44,82811,2593],{"class":452},[44,82813,82814,82817,82819],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,82815,82816],{"class":50},"c ",[44,82818,55],{"class":54},[44,82820,82821],{"class":452}," 27\n",[44,82823,82824],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,82825,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,82827,82828,82831,82833,82835,82837,82839,82841,82843,82845,82847],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,82829,82830],{"class":50},"largest ",[44,82832,55],{"class":54},[44,82834,82617],{"class":58},[44,82836,63],{"class":62},[44,82838,491],{"class":97},[44,82840,186],{"class":62},[44,82842,1117],{"class":97},[44,82844,186],{"class":62},[44,82846,9503],{"class":97},[44,82848,76],{"class":62},[44,82850,82851,82853,82855,82858],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,82852,82],{"class":58},[44,82854,63],{"class":62},[44,82856,82857],{"class":97},"largest",[44,82859,76],{"class":62},[20,82861,1031],{},[35,82863,82864],{"className":37,"code":46236,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,82865,82866],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82867,82868],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82869,46236],{"class":452},[20,82871,82872],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[30,82874,8243,82876,46683],{"id":82875},"using-max-with-strings",[15,82877,82211],{},[20,82879,82880,82882],{},[15,82881,82211],{}," can compare strings too.",[35,82884,82886],{"className":37,"code":82885,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82887,82888,82920],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82889,82890,82892,82894,82896,82898,82900,82902,82904,82906,82908,82910,82912,82914,82916,82918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82891,3894],{"class":50},[44,82893,55],{"class":54},[44,82895,3440],{"class":62},[44,82897,67],{"class":66},[44,82899,3903],{"class":70},[44,82901,67],{"class":66},[44,82903,186],{"class":62},[44,82905,1438],{"class":66},[44,82907,3912],{"class":70},[44,82909,67],{"class":66},[44,82911,186],{"class":62},[44,82913,1438],{"class":66},[44,82915,78374],{"class":70},[44,82917,67],{"class":66},[44,82919,3453],{"class":62},[44,82921,82922,82924,82926,82928,82930,82932],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,82923,82],{"class":58},[44,82925,63],{"class":62},[44,82927,82270],{"class":58},[44,82929,63],{"class":62},[44,82931,3938],{"class":97},[44,82933,434],{"class":62},[20,82935,1031],{},[35,82937,82938],{"className":37,"code":82376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,82939,82940],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82941,82942],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82943,82376],{"class":50},[20,82945,82946],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,82948,67913],{},[126,82950,82951,82960,82963],{},[129,82952,82953,82956,82957,82959],{},[15,82954,82955],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,82958,64904],{}," alphabetically",[129,82961,82962],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[129,82964,82965],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,82967,145],{},[35,82969,82971],{"className":37,"code":82970,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82972,82973,83006],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82974,82975,82977,82979,82981,82983,82985,82987,82989,82991,82994,82996,82998,83000,83002,83004],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82976,3894],{"class":50},[44,82978,55],{"class":54},[44,82980,3440],{"class":62},[44,82982,67],{"class":66},[44,82984,3903],{"class":70},[44,82986,67],{"class":66},[44,82988,186],{"class":62},[44,82990,1438],{"class":66},[44,82992,82993],{"class":70},"Banana",[44,82995,67],{"class":66},[44,82997,186],{"class":62},[44,82999,1438],{"class":66},[44,83001,78374],{"class":70},[44,83003,67],{"class":66},[44,83005,3453],{"class":62},[44,83007,83008,83010,83012,83014,83016,83018],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,83009,82],{"class":58},[44,83011,63],{"class":62},[44,83013,82270],{"class":58},[44,83015,63],{"class":62},[44,83017,3938],{"class":97},[44,83019,434],{"class":62},[20,83021,83022],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83024,83025,83026,83028],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83027,14668],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[30,83030,36438,83031,36441],{"id":78332},[15,83032,14668],{},[20,83034,22,83035,83037],{},[15,83036,14668],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83039,83040],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[600,83042,83044],{"id":83043},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[35,83046,83048],{"className":37,"code":83047,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83049,83050,83082],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83051,83052,83054,83056,83058,83060,83062,83064,83066,83068,83070,83072,83074,83076,83078,83080],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83053,3894],{"class":50},[44,83055,55],{"class":54},[44,83057,3440],{"class":62},[44,83059,67],{"class":66},[44,83061,36873],{"class":70},[44,83063,67],{"class":66},[44,83065,186],{"class":62},[44,83067,1438],{"class":66},[44,83069,67956],{"class":70},[44,83071,67],{"class":66},[44,83073,186],{"class":62},[44,83075,1438],{"class":66},[44,83077,57755],{"class":70},[44,83079,67],{"class":66},[44,83081,3453],{"class":62},[44,83083,83084,83086,83088,83090,83092,83094,83096,83098,83100,83102],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,83085,82],{"class":58},[44,83087,63],{"class":62},[44,83089,82270],{"class":58},[44,83091,63],{"class":62},[44,83093,3938],{"class":97},[44,83095,186],{"class":62},[44,83097,21408],{"class":8998},[44,83099,55],{"class":54},[44,83101,10986],{"class":58},[44,83103,434],{"class":62},[20,83105,1031],{},[35,83107,83109],{"className":37,"code":83108,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"elephant\n",[15,83110,83111],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83112,83113],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83114,83108],{"class":50},[20,83116,20599,83117,83120],{},[15,83118,83119],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83122,83123,83124,33454,83126,504],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83125,42175],{},[491,83127,83128,5612],{"href":42172},[15,83129,42175],{},[600,83131,83133],{"id":83132},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[35,83135,83137],{"className":37,"code":83136,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83138,83139,83171],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83140,83141,83143,83145,83147,83149,83151,83153,83155,83157,83159,83161,83163,83165,83167,83169],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83142,3894],{"class":50},[44,83144,55],{"class":54},[44,83146,3440],{"class":62},[44,83148,67],{"class":66},[44,83150,3903],{"class":70},[44,83152,67],{"class":66},[44,83154,186],{"class":62},[44,83156,1438],{"class":66},[44,83158,82993],{"class":70},[44,83160,67],{"class":66},[44,83162,186],{"class":62},[44,83164,1438],{"class":66},[44,83166,78374],{"class":70},[44,83168,67],{"class":66},[44,83170,3453],{"class":62},[44,83172,83173,83175,83177,83179,83181,83183,83185,83187,83189,83191,83193,83195],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,83174,82],{"class":58},[44,83176,63],{"class":62},[44,83178,82270],{"class":58},[44,83180,63],{"class":62},[44,83182,3938],{"class":97},[44,83184,186],{"class":62},[44,83186,21408],{"class":8998},[44,83188,55],{"class":54},[44,83190,473],{"class":426},[44,83192,504],{"class":62},[44,83194,8465],{"class":24579},[44,83196,434],{"class":62},[20,83198,1031],{},[35,83200,83201],{"className":37,"code":82376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,83202,83203],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83204,83205],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83206,82376],{"class":50},[20,83208,20599,83209,83211],{},[15,83210,78328],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[600,83213,83215],{"id":83214},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83217,83218,83219,449],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83220,37485],{},[35,83222,83224],{"className":37,"code":83223,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83225,83226,83269],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83227,83228,83230,83232,83234,83236,83238,83240,83242,83244,83247,83249,83251,83253,83256,83258,83260,83262,83265,83267],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83229,7609],{"class":50},[44,83231,55],{"class":54},[44,83233,3440],{"class":62},[44,83235,67],{"class":66},[44,83237,491],{"class":70},[44,83239,67],{"class":66},[44,83241,186],{"class":62},[44,83243,1438],{"class":66},[44,83245,83246],{"class":70},"bb",[44,83248,67],{"class":66},[44,83250,186],{"class":62},[44,83252,1438],{"class":66},[44,83254,83255],{"class":70},"cccc",[44,83257,67],{"class":66},[44,83259,186],{"class":62},[44,83261,1438],{"class":66},[44,83263,83264],{"class":70},"ddd",[44,83266,67],{"class":66},[44,83268,3453],{"class":62},[44,83270,83271,83273,83275,83277,83279,83281,83283,83285,83287,83289,83291,83293,83295,83297,83299],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,83272,82],{"class":58},[44,83274,63],{"class":62},[44,83276,82270],{"class":58},[44,83278,63],{"class":62},[44,83280,7640],{"class":97},[44,83282,186],{"class":62},[44,83284,21408],{"class":8998},[44,83286,55],{"class":54},[44,83288,37485],{"class":466},[44,83290,42655],{"class":37488},[44,83292,449],{"class":62},[44,83294,38212],{"class":58},[44,83296,63],{"class":62},[44,83298,34535],{"class":97},[44,83300,2731],{"class":62},[20,83302,1031],{},[35,83304,83306],{"className":37,"code":83305,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cccc\n",[15,83307,83308],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83309,83310],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83311,83305],{"class":50},[20,83313,49175,83314,1126,83316,83318],{},[15,83315,83119],{},[15,83317,78215],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[30,83320,36438,83322,36441],{"id":83321},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83323,82566],{},[20,83325,22,83326,83328],{},[15,83327,82566],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83330,83331],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[35,83333,83335],{"className":37,"code":83334,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83336,83337,83345],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83338,83339,83341,83343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83340,3435],{"class":50},[44,83342,55],{"class":54},[44,83344,7669],{"class":62},[44,83346,83347,83349,83351,83353,83355,83357,83359,83361,83363,83365],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,83348,82],{"class":58},[44,83350,63],{"class":62},[44,83352,82270],{"class":58},[44,83354,63],{"class":62},[44,83356,3467],{"class":97},[44,83358,186],{"class":62},[44,83360,26353],{"class":8998},[44,83362,55],{"class":54},[44,83364,1951],{"class":452},[44,83366,434],{"class":62},[20,83368,1031],{},[35,83370,83371],{"className":37,"code":46876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,83372,83373],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83374,83375],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83376,46876],{"class":452},[20,83378,83379],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83381,83382,83383,83385],{},"Without ",[15,83384,82566],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83387,51706],{},[35,83389,83391],{"className":37,"code":83390,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83392,83393,83401,83428],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83394,83395,83397,83399],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83396,3894],{"class":50},[44,83398,55],{"class":54},[44,83400,7669],{"class":62},[44,83402,83403,83405,83407,83409,83411,83413,83415,83417,83419,83421,83424,83426],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,83404,2059],{"class":50},[44,83406,55],{"class":54},[44,83408,82617],{"class":58},[44,83410,63],{"class":62},[44,83412,3938],{"class":97},[44,83414,186],{"class":62},[44,83416,26353],{"class":8998},[44,83418,55],{"class":54},[44,83420,67],{"class":66},[44,83422,83423],{"class":70},"no words found",[44,83425,67],{"class":66},[44,83427,76],{"class":62},[44,83429,83430,83432,83434,83436],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,83431,82],{"class":58},[44,83433,63],{"class":62},[44,83435,2094],{"class":97},[44,83437,76],{"class":62},[20,83439,1031],{},[35,83441,83443],{"className":37,"code":83442,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"no words found\n",[15,83444,83445],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83446,83447],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83448,83442],{"class":50},[20,83450,83451],{},"Important:",[126,83453,83454,83462],{},[129,83455,83456,83458,83459],{},[15,83457,82566],{}," works with ",[15,83460,83461],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[129,83463,40730,83464,83466,83467],{},[3563,83465,4457],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83468,83469],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[30,83471,47611],{"id":47610},[20,83473,83474,83475,504],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83476,82211],{},[600,83478,83480,83482],{"id":83479},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83481,1144],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83484,83485,83486,1183,83488,504],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83487,82566],{},[15,83489,1144],{},[35,83491,83493],{"className":37,"code":83492,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83494,83495,83503],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83496,83497,83499,83501],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83498,3435],{"class":50},[44,83500,55],{"class":54},[44,83502,7669],{"class":62},[44,83504,83505,83507,83509,83511,83513,83515],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,83506,82],{"class":58},[44,83508,63],{"class":62},[44,83510,82270],{"class":58},[44,83512,63],{"class":62},[44,83514,3467],{"class":97},[44,83516,434],{"class":62},[20,83518,29511],{},[35,83520,83522],{"className":37,"code":83521,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83523,83524],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83525,83526,83528,83530,83532,83534,83537,83539],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83527,1144],{"class":426},[44,83529,449],{"class":62},[44,83531,82617],{"class":58},[44,83533,7196],{"class":62},[44,83535,83536],{"class":50}," arg ",[44,83538,206],{"class":54},[44,83540,83541],{"class":50}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83543,83544,83545,449],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83546,82566],{},[35,83548,83550],{"className":37,"code":83549,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83551,83552,83560],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83553,83554,83556,83558],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83555,3435],{"class":50},[44,83557,55],{"class":54},[44,83559,7669],{"class":62},[44,83561,83562,83564,83566,83568,83570,83572,83574,83576,83578,83580],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,83563,82],{"class":58},[44,83565,63],{"class":62},[44,83567,82270],{"class":58},[44,83569,63],{"class":62},[44,83571,3467],{"class":97},[44,83573,186],{"class":62},[44,83575,26353],{"class":8998},[44,83577,55],{"class":54},[44,83579,3599],{"class":3674},[44,83581,434],{"class":62},[20,83583,83584,83585,504],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[491,83586,65469],{"href":72508},[600,83588,83590,83592],{"id":83589},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83591,2825],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83594,83595,83596,504],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83597,2825],{},[35,83599,83601],{"className":37,"code":83600,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83602,83603,83627],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83604,83605,83607,83609,83611,83613,83615,83617,83619,83621,83623,83625],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83606,7609],{"class":50},[44,83608,55],{"class":54},[44,83610,3440],{"class":62},[44,83612,2161],{"class":452},[44,83614,186],{"class":62},[44,83616,1438],{"class":66},[44,83618,15582],{"class":70},[44,83620,67],{"class":66},[44,83622,186],{"class":62},[44,83624,7625],{"class":452},[44,83626,3453],{"class":62},[44,83628,83629,83631,83633,83635,83637,83639],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,83630,82],{"class":58},[44,83632,63],{"class":62},[44,83634,82270],{"class":58},[44,83636,63],{"class":62},[44,83638,7640],{"class":97},[44,83640,434],{"class":62},[20,83642,83643],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83645,83646],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[35,83648,83650],{"className":37,"code":83649,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83651,83652,83672],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83653,83654,83656,83658,83660,83662,83664,83666,83668,83670],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83655,7609],{"class":50},[44,83657,55],{"class":54},[44,83659,3440],{"class":62},[44,83661,2161],{"class":452},[44,83663,186],{"class":62},[44,83665,7620],{"class":452},[44,83667,186],{"class":62},[44,83669,7625],{"class":452},[44,83671,3453],{"class":62},[44,83673,83674,83676,83678,83680,83682,83684],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,83675,82],{"class":58},[44,83677,63],{"class":62},[44,83679,82270],{"class":58},[44,83681,63],{"class":62},[44,83683,7640],{"class":97},[44,83685,434],{"class":62},[20,83687,83688,83689,504],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[491,83690,83692],{"href":83691},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[600,83694,83696,83698],{"id":83695},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,83697,2825],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,83700,83701,83703],{},[15,83702,82211],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[35,83705,83707],{"className":37,"code":83706,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(max())\n",[15,83708,83709],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83710,83711,83713,83715,83717],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83712,82],{"class":58},[44,83714,63],{"class":62},[44,83716,82270],{"class":58},[44,83718,7025],{"class":62},[20,83720,2822,83721,504],{},[15,83722,2825],{},[30,83724,83726,10408,83728],{"id":83725},"max-vs-sorted",[15,83727,82211],{},[15,83729,74054],{},[20,83731,83732],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,83734,83735,449],{},[15,83736,82211],{},[126,83738,83739],{},[129,83740,83741],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,83743,83744,449],{},[15,83745,74054],{},[126,83747,83748],{},[129,83749,83750],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,83752,145],{},[35,83754,83756],{"className":37,"code":83755,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,83757,83758,83782,83786,83800],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83759,83760,83762,83764,83766,83768,83770,83772,83774,83776,83778,83780],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83761,3435],{"class":50},[44,83763,55],{"class":54},[44,83765,3440],{"class":62},[44,83767,1894],{"class":452},[44,83769,186],{"class":62},[44,83771,6189],{"class":452},[44,83773,186],{"class":62},[44,83775,2812],{"class":452},[44,83777,186],{"class":62},[44,83779,4431],{"class":452},[44,83781,3453],{"class":62},[44,83783,83784],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,83785,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,83787,83788,83790,83792,83794,83796,83798],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,83789,82],{"class":58},[44,83791,63],{"class":62},[44,83793,82270],{"class":58},[44,83795,63],{"class":62},[44,83797,3467],{"class":97},[44,83799,434],{"class":62},[44,83801,83802,83804,83806,83808,83810,83812],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,83803,82],{"class":58},[44,83805,63],{"class":62},[44,83807,74144],{"class":58},[44,83809,63],{"class":62},[44,83811,3467],{"class":97},[44,83813,434],{"class":62},[20,83815,1031],{},[35,83817,83819],{"className":37,"code":83818,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,83820,83821,83825],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83822,83823],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83824,2212],{"class":452},[44,83826,83827,83829,83831,83833,83835,83837,83839,83841,83843],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,83828,3723],{"class":62},[44,83830,1889],{"class":452},[44,83832,186],{"class":62},[44,83834,2282],{"class":452},[44,83836,186],{"class":62},[44,83838,4431],{"class":452},[44,83840,186],{"class":62},[44,83842,6189],{"class":452},[44,83844,3453],{"class":62},[20,83846,103,83847,83849],{},[15,83848,82211],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,83851,103,83852,83856],{},[491,83853,83854],{"href":74151},[15,83855,74054],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,83858,83859,83860,504],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[491,83861,83863],{"href":83862},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,83864,83865],{},"min()",[30,83867,1486],{"id":1485},[20,83869,83870],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[126,83872,83873,83880,83883,83888,83891],{},[129,83874,29480,83875,83877,83878],{},[15,83876,82211],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,83879,82566],{},[129,83881,83882],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[129,83884,8279,83885,83887],{},[15,83886,82211],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[129,83889,83890],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[129,83892,8243,83893,83895],{},[15,83894,82566],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,83897,10937],{},[35,83899,83901],{"className":37,"code":83900,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,83902,83903,83913,83927,83941,83955,83977],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83904,83905,83907,83909,83911],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83906,82],{"class":58},[44,83908,63],{"class":62},[44,83910,7640],{"class":97},[44,83912,76],{"class":62},[44,83914,83915,83917,83919,83921,83923,83925],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,83916,82],{"class":58},[44,83918,63],{"class":62},[44,83920,427],{"class":426},[44,83922,63],{"class":62},[44,83924,7640],{"class":97},[44,83926,434],{"class":62},[44,83928,83929,83931,83933,83935,83937,83939],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,83930,82],{"class":58},[44,83932,63],{"class":62},[44,83934,10986],{"class":58},[44,83936,63],{"class":62},[44,83938,7640],{"class":97},[44,83940,434],{"class":62},[44,83942,83943,83945,83947,83949,83951,83953],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,83944,82],{"class":58},[44,83946,63],{"class":62},[44,83948,82270],{"class":58},[44,83950,63],{"class":62},[44,83952,7640],{"class":97},[44,83954,434],{"class":62},[44,83956,83957,83959,83961,83963,83965,83967,83969,83971,83973,83975],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,83958,82],{"class":58},[44,83960,63],{"class":62},[44,83962,82270],{"class":58},[44,83964,63],{"class":62},[44,83966,7640],{"class":97},[44,83968,186],{"class":62},[44,83970,26353],{"class":8998},[44,83972,55],{"class":54},[44,83974,3599],{"class":3674},[44,83976,434],{"class":62},[44,83978,83979,83981,83983,83985,83987,83989,83991,83993,83995,83997,83999],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,83980,82],{"class":58},[44,83982,2804],{"class":62},[44,83984,427],{"class":426},[44,83986,63],{"class":62},[44,83988,2003],{"class":97},[44,83990,3480],{"class":62},[44,83992,3699],{"class":1384},[44,83994,3702],{"class":97},[44,83996,3705],{"class":1384},[44,83998,5795],{"class":97},[44,84000,3711],{"class":62},[20,84002,84003],{},"These are useful for checking:",[126,84005,84006,84011,84016,84019],{},[129,84007,84008,84009],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84010,7640],{},[129,84012,79381,84013,84015],{},[15,84014,7640],{}," is a list or some other type",[129,84017,84018],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[129,84020,84021],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84023,68977,84024,84027,84028,84030],{},[15,84025,84026],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84029,7640],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[30,84032,1651],{"id":1650},[600,84034,4970,84036,4973],{"id":84035},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84037,82211],{},[20,84039,84040],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[600,84042,4997,84044,84046],{"id":84043},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84045,82211],{}," work with strings?",[20,84048,84049],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[600,84051,71276],{"id":71275},[20,84053,84054,52121,84056,84058,84059,84061],{},[15,84055,82211],{},[15,84057,1144],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84060,82566],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[600,84063,84065,84066,213],{"id":84064},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84067,82211],{},[20,84069,103,84070,449],{},[15,84071,83119],{},[35,84073,84074],{"className":37,"code":83047,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,84075,84076,84108],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84077,84078,84080,84082,84084,84086,84088,84090,84092,84094,84096,84098,84100,84102,84104,84106],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84079,3894],{"class":50},[44,84081,55],{"class":54},[44,84083,3440],{"class":62},[44,84085,67],{"class":66},[44,84087,36873],{"class":70},[44,84089,67],{"class":66},[44,84091,186],{"class":62},[44,84093,1438],{"class":66},[44,84095,67956],{"class":70},[44,84097,67],{"class":66},[44,84099,186],{"class":62},[44,84101,1438],{"class":66},[44,84103,57755],{"class":70},[44,84105,67],{"class":66},[44,84107,3453],{"class":62},[44,84109,84110,84112,84114,84116,84118,84120,84122,84124,84126,84128],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,84111,82],{"class":58},[44,84113,63],{"class":62},[44,84115,82270],{"class":58},[44,84117,63],{"class":62},[44,84119,3938],{"class":97},[44,84121,186],{"class":62},[44,84123,21408],{"class":8998},[44,84125,55],{"class":54},[44,84127,10986],{"class":58},[44,84129,434],{"class":62},[600,84131,5007,84133,1126,84135,213],{"id":84132},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84134,82211],{},[15,84136,74054],{},[20,84138,84139,84141,84142,84144],{},[15,84140,82211],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84143,74054],{}," returns all items in order.",[30,84146,1719],{"id":1718},[126,84148,84149,84155,84161,84167,84171,84175],{},[129,84150,84151],{},[491,84152,84153,1738],{"href":83862},[15,84154,83865],{},[129,84156,84157],{},[491,84158,84159,1738],{"href":74151},[15,84160,74054],{},[129,84162,84163],{},[491,84164,84165,1738],{"href":42172},[15,84166,42175],{},[129,84168,84169],{},[491,84170,58584],{"href":58583},[129,84172,84173],{},[491,84174,65469],{"href":72508},[129,84176,84177],{},[491,84178,83692],{"href":83691},[1758,84180,84181],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":84183},[84184,84185,84187,84188,84190,84192,84194,84199,84201,84209,84211,84212,84223],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":82401,"depth":79,"text":84186},"What max() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":82570,"depth":79,"text":84189},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82740,"depth":79,"text":84191},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":82875,"depth":79,"text":84193},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78332,"depth":79,"text":79530,"children":84195},[84196,84197,84198],{"id":83043,"depth":419,"text":83044},{"id":83132,"depth":419,"text":83133},{"id":83214,"depth":419,"text":83215},{"id":83321,"depth":79,"text":84200},"Using the default argument",{"id":47610,"depth":79,"text":47611,"children":84202},[84203,84205,84207],{"id":83479,"depth":419,"text":84204},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83589,"depth":419,"text":84206},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83695,"depth":419,"text":84208},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83725,"depth":79,"text":84210},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":84213},[84214,84216,84218,84219,84221],{"id":84035,"depth":419,"text":84215},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84043,"depth":419,"text":84217},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71275,"depth":419,"text":71276},{"id":84064,"depth":419,"text":84220},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84132,"depth":419,"text":84222},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82203,"description":84224},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84231,"title":84232,"body":84233,"description":86187,"extension":1796,"meta":86188,"navigation":807,"path":86189,"seo":86190,"stem":86191,"__hash__":86192},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84234,"toc":86144},[84235,84240,84245,84251,84253,84327,84329,84342,84347,84352,84368,84372,84377,84453,84459,84462,84505,84507,84515,84521,84524,84555,84557,84565,84571,84576,84635,84637,84646,84649,84659,84665,84670,84705,84707,84715,84721,84727,84732,84776,84778,84787,84790,84830,84832,84841,84844,84856,84861,84866,84917,84919,84928,84931,84982,84984,84993,84996,85003,85009,85014,85016,85031,85035,85095,85097,85106,85110,85282,85284,85321,85328,85334,85337,85364,85366,85387,85392,85427,85429,85437,85440,85443,85459,85464,85466,85470,85476,85480,85507,85510,85520,85560,85564,85567,85610,85612,85621,85624,85629,85698,85700,85708,85713,85717,85720,85771,85773,85781,85784,85847,85849,85857,85860,85865,85869,85882,85889,85897,85899,85901,85931,85937,86038,86048,86050,86055,86058,86063,86066,86068,86076,86084,86092,86099,86107,86109,86141],[10,84236,13,84238,18],{"id":84237},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84239,83865],{},[20,84241,84242,84244],{},[15,84243,83865],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84246,84247,84248,84250],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84249,83865],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[30,84252,33],{"id":32},[35,84254,84256],{"className":37,"code":84255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84257,84258,84282,84297,84301],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84259,84260,84262,84264,84266,84268,84270,84272,84274,84276,84278,84280],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84261,3435],{"class":50},[44,84263,55],{"class":54},[44,84265,3440],{"class":62},[44,84267,1129],{"class":452},[44,84269,186],{"class":62},[44,84271,2812],{"class":452},[44,84273,186],{"class":62},[44,84275,53763],{"class":452},[44,84277,186],{"class":62},[44,84279,711],{"class":452},[44,84281,3453],{"class":62},[44,84283,84284,84286,84288,84291,84293,84295],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,84285,82],{"class":58},[44,84287,63],{"class":62},[44,84289,84290],{"class":58},"min",[44,84292,63],{"class":62},[44,84294,3467],{"class":97},[44,84296,434],{"class":62},[44,84298,84299],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,84300,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,84302,84303,84305,84307,84309,84311,84313,84315,84317,84319,84321,84323,84325],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,84304,82],{"class":58},[44,84306,63],{"class":62},[44,84308,84290],{"class":58},[44,84310,63],{"class":62},[44,84312,1129],{"class":452},[44,84314,186],{"class":62},[44,84316,2812],{"class":452},[44,84318,186],{"class":62},[44,84320,53763],{"class":452},[44,84322,186],{"class":62},[44,84324,711],{"class":452},[44,84326,434],{"class":62},[20,84328,1031],{},[35,84330,84332],{"className":37,"code":84331,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n1\n",[15,84333,84334,84338],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84335,84336],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84337,46541],{"class":452},[44,84339,84340],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,84341,46541],{"class":452},[20,84343,103,84344,84346],{},[15,84345,83865],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[30,84348,113,84350,116],{"id":84349},"what-min-does",[15,84351,83865],{},[126,84353,84354,84359,84362,84365],{},[129,84355,84356,84358],{},[15,84357,83865],{}," returns the smallest item",[129,84360,84361],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[129,84363,84364],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[129,84366,84367],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[30,84369,84371],{"id":84370},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84373,84374,84375,449],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84376,83865],{},[35,84378,84380],{"className":37,"code":84379,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84381,84382,84392,84417,84435],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84383,84384,84386,84388,84390],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84385,84290],{"class":58},[44,84387,63],{"class":62},[44,84389,3540],{"class":97},[44,84391,76],{"class":62},[44,84393,84394,84396,84398,84401,84403,84406,84408,84411,84413,84415],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,84395,84290],{"class":58},[44,84397,63],{"class":62},[44,84399,84400],{"class":97},"value1",[44,84402,186],{"class":62},[44,84404,84405],{"class":97}," value2",[44,84407,186],{"class":62},[44,84409,84410],{"class":97}," value3",[44,84412,186],{"class":62},[44,84414,34280],{"class":58},[44,84416,76],{"class":62},[44,84418,84419,84421,84423,84425,84427,84429,84431,84433],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,84420,84290],{"class":58},[44,84422,63],{"class":62},[44,84424,3540],{"class":97},[44,84426,186],{"class":62},[44,84428,21408],{"class":8998},[44,84430,55],{"class":54},[44,84432,37196],{"class":58},[44,84434,76],{"class":62},[44,84436,84437,84439,84441,84443,84445,84447,84449,84451],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,84438,84290],{"class":58},[44,84440,63],{"class":62},[44,84442,3540],{"class":97},[44,84444,186],{"class":62},[44,84446,26353],{"class":8998},[44,84448,55],{"class":54},[44,84450,37196],{"class":58},[44,84452,76],{"class":62},[600,84454,84456],{"id":84455},"miniterable",[15,84457,84458],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84460,84461],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[35,84463,84465],{"className":37,"code":84464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84466,84467,84491],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84468,84469,84471,84473,84475,84477,84479,84481,84483,84485,84487,84489],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84470,3435],{"class":50},[44,84472,55],{"class":54},[44,84474,3440],{"class":62},[44,84476,2176],{"class":452},[44,84478,186],{"class":62},[44,84480,2282],{"class":452},[44,84482,186],{"class":62},[44,84484,30770],{"class":452},[44,84486,186],{"class":62},[44,84488,711],{"class":452},[44,84490,3453],{"class":62},[44,84492,84493,84495,84497,84499,84501,84503],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,84494,82],{"class":58},[44,84496,63],{"class":62},[44,84498,84290],{"class":58},[44,84500,63],{"class":62},[44,84502,3467],{"class":97},[44,84504,434],{"class":62},[20,84506,1031],{},[35,84508,84509],{"className":37,"code":46541,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,84510,84511],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84512,84513],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84514,46541],{"class":452},[600,84516,84518],{"id":84517},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84519,84520],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84522,84523],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[35,84525,84527],{"className":37,"code":84526,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84528,84529],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84530,84531,84533,84535,84537,84539,84541,84543,84545,84547,84549,84551,84553],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84532,82],{"class":58},[44,84534,63],{"class":62},[44,84536,84290],{"class":58},[44,84538,63],{"class":62},[44,84540,2176],{"class":452},[44,84542,186],{"class":62},[44,84544,2282],{"class":452},[44,84546,186],{"class":62},[44,84548,30770],{"class":452},[44,84550,186],{"class":62},[44,84552,711],{"class":452},[44,84554,434],{"class":62},[20,84556,1031],{},[35,84558,84559],{"className":37,"code":46541,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,84560,84561],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84562,84563],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84564,46541],{"class":452},[600,84566,84568],{"id":84567},"miniterable-key",[15,84569,84570],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84572,103,84573,84575],{},[15,84574,14668],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[35,84577,84579],{"className":37,"code":84578,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84580,84581,84613],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84582,84583,84585,84587,84589,84591,84593,84595,84597,84599,84601,84603,84605,84607,84609,84611],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84584,3894],{"class":50},[44,84586,55],{"class":54},[44,84588,3440],{"class":62},[44,84590,67],{"class":66},[44,84592,78374],{"class":70},[44,84594,67],{"class":66},[44,84596,186],{"class":62},[44,84598,1438],{"class":66},[44,84600,38167],{"class":70},[44,84602,67],{"class":66},[44,84604,186],{"class":62},[44,84606,1438],{"class":66},[44,84608,3912],{"class":70},[44,84610,67],{"class":66},[44,84612,3453],{"class":62},[44,84614,84615,84617,84619,84621,84623,84625,84627,84629,84631,84633],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,84616,82],{"class":58},[44,84618,63],{"class":62},[44,84620,84290],{"class":58},[44,84622,63],{"class":62},[44,84624,3938],{"class":97},[44,84626,186],{"class":62},[44,84628,21408],{"class":8998},[44,84630,55],{"class":54},[44,84632,10986],{"class":58},[44,84634,434],{"class":62},[20,84636,1031],{},[35,84638,84640],{"className":37,"code":84639,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"kiwi\n",[15,84641,84642],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84643,84644],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84645,84639],{"class":50},[20,84647,84648],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,84650,84651,84652,84654,84655,504],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84653,42175],{},", see the ",[491,84656,84657,1738],{"href":42172},[15,84658,42175],{},[600,84660,84662],{"id":84661},"miniterable-default",[15,84663,84664],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,84666,103,84667,84669],{},[15,84668,82566],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[35,84671,84673],{"className":37,"code":84672,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84674,84675,84683],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84676,84677,84679,84681],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84678,3435],{"class":50},[44,84680,55],{"class":54},[44,84682,7669],{"class":62},[44,84684,84685,84687,84689,84691,84693,84695,84697,84699,84701,84703],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,84686,82],{"class":58},[44,84688,63],{"class":62},[44,84690,84290],{"class":58},[44,84692,63],{"class":62},[44,84694,3467],{"class":97},[44,84696,186],{"class":62},[44,84698,26353],{"class":8998},[44,84700,55],{"class":54},[44,84702,1951],{"class":452},[44,84704,434],{"class":62},[20,84706,1031],{},[35,84708,84709],{"className":37,"code":46876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,84710,84711],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84712,84713],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84714,46876],{"class":452},[20,84716,84717,84718,84720],{},"This avoids a ",[15,84719,1144],{}," when there is no item to return.",[30,84722,8243,84724,84726],{"id":84723},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,84725,83865],{}," with numbers",[20,84728,84729,84731],{},[15,84730,83865],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[35,84733,84735],{"className":37,"code":84734,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,84736,84737,84762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84738,84739,84741,84743,84745,84747,84749,84752,84754,84756,84758,84760],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84740,4891],{"class":50},[44,84742,55],{"class":54},[44,84744,3440],{"class":62},[44,84746,51131],{"class":452},[44,84748,186],{"class":62},[44,84750,84751],{"class":452}," 72",[44,84753,186],{"class":62},[44,84755,28737],{"class":452},[44,84757,186],{"class":62},[44,84759,75730],{"class":452},[44,84761,3453],{"class":62},[44,84763,84764,84766,84768,84770,84772,84774],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,84765,82],{"class":58},[44,84767,63],{"class":62},[44,84769,84290],{"class":58},[44,84771,63],{"class":62},[44,84773,16217],{"class":97},[44,84775,434],{"class":62},[20,84777,1031],{},[35,84779,84781],{"className":37,"code":84780,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"60\n",[15,84782,84783],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84784,84785],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84786,84780],{"class":452},[20,84788,84789],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[35,84791,84793],{"className":37,"code":84792,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,84794,84795,84816],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84796,84797,84799,84801,84803,84805,84807,84810,84812,84814],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84798,82678],{"class":50},[44,84800,55],{"class":54},[44,84802,3440],{"class":62},[44,84804,40223],{"class":452},[44,84806,186],{"class":62},[44,84808,84809],{"class":452}," 5.49",[44,84811,186],{"class":62},[44,84813,82694],{"class":452},[44,84815,3453],{"class":62},[44,84817,84818,84820,84822,84824,84826,84828],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,84819,82],{"class":58},[44,84821,63],{"class":62},[44,84823,84290],{"class":58},[44,84825,63],{"class":62},[44,84827,82714],{"class":97},[44,84829,434],{"class":62},[20,84831,1031],{},[35,84833,84835],{"className":37,"code":84834,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.49\n",[15,84836,84837],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84838,84839],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84840,84834],{"class":452},[20,84842,84843],{},"This is useful for things like:",[126,84845,84846,84848,84850,84853],{},[129,84847,16217],{},[129,84849,82714],{},[129,84851,84852],{},"measurements",[129,84854,84855],{},"ages",[30,84857,8243,84859,46683],{"id":84858},"using-min-with-strings",[15,84860,83865],{},[20,84862,84863,84865],{},[15,84864,83865],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[35,84867,84869],{"className":37,"code":84868,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84870,84871,84903],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84872,84873,84875,84877,84879,84881,84883,84885,84887,84889,84891,84893,84895,84897,84899,84901],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84874,3894],{"class":50},[44,84876,55],{"class":54},[44,84878,3440],{"class":62},[44,84880,67],{"class":66},[44,84882,3912],{"class":70},[44,84884,67],{"class":66},[44,84886,186],{"class":62},[44,84888,1438],{"class":66},[44,84890,3903],{"class":70},[44,84892,67],{"class":66},[44,84894,186],{"class":62},[44,84896,1438],{"class":66},[44,84898,3921],{"class":70},[44,84900,67],{"class":66},[44,84902,3453],{"class":62},[44,84904,84905,84907,84909,84911,84913,84915],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,84906,82],{"class":58},[44,84908,63],{"class":62},[44,84910,84290],{"class":58},[44,84912,63],{"class":62},[44,84914,3938],{"class":97},[44,84916,434],{"class":62},[20,84918,1031],{},[35,84920,84922],{"className":37,"code":84921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"apple\n",[15,84923,84924],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84925,84926],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84927,84921],{"class":50},[20,84929,84930],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[35,84932,84934],{"className":37,"code":84933,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84935,84936,84968],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84937,84938,84940,84942,84944,84946,84948,84950,84952,84954,84956,84958,84960,84962,84964,84966],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84939,3894],{"class":50},[44,84941,55],{"class":54},[44,84943,3440],{"class":62},[44,84945,67],{"class":66},[44,84947,3912],{"class":70},[44,84949,67],{"class":66},[44,84951,186],{"class":62},[44,84953,1438],{"class":66},[44,84955,57396],{"class":70},[44,84957,67],{"class":66},[44,84959,186],{"class":62},[44,84961,1438],{"class":66},[44,84963,3921],{"class":70},[44,84965,67],{"class":66},[44,84967,3453],{"class":62},[44,84969,84970,84972,84974,84976,84978,84980],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,84971,82],{"class":58},[44,84973,63],{"class":62},[44,84975,84290],{"class":58},[44,84977,63],{"class":62},[44,84979,3938],{"class":97},[44,84981,434],{"class":62},[20,84983,1031],{},[35,84985,84987],{"className":37,"code":84986,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Apple\n",[15,84988,84989],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84990,84991],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84992,84986],{"class":50},[20,84994,84995],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,84997,84998,84999,504],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[491,85000,85001,5612],{"href":74151},[15,85002,74054],{},[30,85004,8243,85006,85008],{"id":85005},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85007,83865],{}," with a key function",[20,85010,22,85011,85013],{},[15,85012,14668],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85015,273],{},[126,85017,85018,85023,85028],{},[129,85019,85020,85022],{},[15,85021,14668],{}," changes the comparison rule",[129,85024,85025,85027],{},[15,85026,83865],{}," still returns the original item",[129,85029,85030],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[600,85032,85034],{"id":85033},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[35,85036,85038],{"className":37,"code":85037,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85039,85040,85073],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85041,85042,85044,85046,85048,85050,85052,85054,85056,85058,85060,85062,85064,85066,85069,85071],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85043,3894],{"class":50},[44,85045,55],{"class":54},[44,85047,3440],{"class":62},[44,85049,67],{"class":66},[44,85051,67956],{"class":70},[44,85053,67],{"class":66},[44,85055,186],{"class":62},[44,85057,1438],{"class":66},[44,85059,36873],{"class":70},[44,85061,67],{"class":66},[44,85063,186],{"class":62},[44,85065,1438],{"class":66},[44,85067,85068],{"class":70},"giraffe",[44,85070,67],{"class":66},[44,85072,3453],{"class":62},[44,85074,85075,85077,85079,85081,85083,85085,85087,85089,85091,85093],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,85076,82],{"class":58},[44,85078,63],{"class":62},[44,85080,84290],{"class":58},[44,85082,63],{"class":62},[44,85084,3938],{"class":97},[44,85086,186],{"class":62},[44,85088,21408],{"class":8998},[44,85090,55],{"class":54},[44,85092,10986],{"class":58},[44,85094,434],{"class":62},[20,85096,1031],{},[35,85098,85100],{"className":37,"code":85099,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cat\n",[15,85101,85102],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85103,85104],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85105,85099],{"class":50},[600,85107,85109],{"id":85108},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[35,85111,85113],{"className":37,"code":85112,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85114,85115,85125,85160,85192,85224,85228,85232,85271],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85116,85117,85120,85122],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85118,85119],{"class":50},"students ",[44,85121,55],{"class":54},[44,85123,85124],{"class":62}," [\n",[44,85126,85127,85130,85132,85134,85136,85138,85140,85142,85144,85146,85148,85151,85153,85155,85157],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,85128,85129],{"class":62},"    {",[44,85131,67],{"class":66},[44,85133,652],{"class":70},[44,85135,67],{"class":66},[44,85137,449],{"class":62},[44,85139,1438],{"class":66},[44,85141,12705],{"class":70},[44,85143,67],{"class":66},[44,85145,186],{"class":62},[44,85147,1438],{"class":66},[44,85149,85150],{"class":70},"score",[44,85152,67],{"class":66},[44,85154,449],{"class":62},[44,85156,13333],{"class":452},[44,85158,85159],{"class":62},"},\n",[44,85161,85162,85164,85166,85168,85170,85172,85174,85176,85178,85180,85182,85184,85186,85188,85190],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,85163,85129],{"class":62},[44,85165,67],{"class":66},[44,85167,652],{"class":70},[44,85169,67],{"class":66},[44,85171,449],{"class":62},[44,85173,1438],{"class":66},[44,85175,35766],{"class":70},[44,85177,67],{"class":66},[44,85179,186],{"class":62},[44,85181,1438],{"class":66},[44,85183,85150],{"class":70},[44,85185,67],{"class":66},[44,85187,449],{"class":62},[44,85189,84751],{"class":452},[44,85191,85159],{"class":62},[44,85193,85194,85196,85198,85200,85202,85204,85206,85208,85210,85212,85214,85216,85218,85220,85222],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,85195,85129],{"class":62},[44,85197,67],{"class":66},[44,85199,652],{"class":70},[44,85201,67],{"class":66},[44,85203,449],{"class":62},[44,85205,1438],{"class":66},[44,85207,35775],{"class":70},[44,85209,67],{"class":66},[44,85211,186],{"class":62},[44,85213,1438],{"class":66},[44,85215,85150],{"class":70},[44,85217,67],{"class":66},[44,85219,449],{"class":62},[44,85221,19728],{"class":452},[44,85223,9130],{"class":62},[44,85225,85226],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,85227,3453],{"class":62},[44,85229,85230],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,85231,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,85233,85234,85237,85239,85242,85244,85247,85249,85251,85253,85255,85257,85259,85261,85263,85265,85267,85269],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,85235,85236],{"class":50},"lowest ",[44,85238,55],{"class":54},[44,85240,85241],{"class":58}," min",[44,85243,63],{"class":62},[44,85245,85246],{"class":97},"students",[44,85248,186],{"class":62},[44,85250,21408],{"class":8998},[44,85252,55],{"class":54},[44,85254,37485],{"class":466},[44,85256,12731],{"class":37488},[44,85258,449],{"class":62},[44,85260,12731],{"class":97},[44,85262,3723],{"class":62},[44,85264,67],{"class":66},[44,85266,85150],{"class":70},[44,85268,67],{"class":66},[44,85270,3711],{"class":62},[44,85272,85273,85275,85277,85280],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,85274,82],{"class":58},[44,85276,63],{"class":62},[44,85278,85279],{"class":97},"lowest",[44,85281,76],{"class":62},[20,85283,1031],{},[35,85285,85287],{"className":37,"code":85286,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85288,85289],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85290,85291,85293,85295,85297,85299,85301,85303,85305,85307,85309,85311,85313,85315,85317,85319],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85292,9100],{"class":62},[44,85294,476],{"class":66},[44,85296,652],{"class":70},[44,85298,476],{"class":66},[44,85300,449],{"class":62},[44,85302,470],{"class":66},[44,85304,35766],{"class":70},[44,85306,476],{"class":66},[44,85308,186],{"class":62},[44,85310,470],{"class":66},[44,85312,85150],{"class":70},[44,85314,476],{"class":66},[44,85316,449],{"class":62},[44,85318,84751],{"class":452},[44,85320,9130],{"class":62},[20,85322,85323,85324,85327],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85325,85326],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[30,85329,8243,85331,85333],{"id":85330},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85332,82566],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85335,85336],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[35,85338,85340],{"className":37,"code":85339,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85341,85342,85350],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85343,85344,85346,85348],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85345,3435],{"class":50},[44,85347,55],{"class":54},[44,85349,7669],{"class":62},[44,85351,85352,85354,85356,85358,85360,85362],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,85353,82],{"class":58},[44,85355,63],{"class":62},[44,85357,84290],{"class":58},[44,85359,63],{"class":62},[44,85361,3467],{"class":97},[44,85363,434],{"class":62},[20,85365,1031],{},[35,85367,85369],{"className":37,"code":85368,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85370,85371],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85372,85373,85375,85377,85379,85381,85383,85385],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85374,1144],{"class":426},[44,85376,449],{"class":62},[44,85378,85241],{"class":58},[44,85380,7196],{"class":62},[44,85382,83536],{"class":50},[44,85384,206],{"class":54},[44,85386,83541],{"class":50},[20,85388,85389,85390,449],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85391,82566],{},[35,85393,85395],{"className":37,"code":85394,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85396,85397,85405],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85398,85399,85401,85403],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85400,3435],{"class":50},[44,85402,55],{"class":54},[44,85404,7669],{"class":62},[44,85406,85407,85409,85411,85413,85415,85417,85419,85421,85423,85425],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,85408,82],{"class":58},[44,85410,63],{"class":62},[44,85412,84290],{"class":58},[44,85414,63],{"class":62},[44,85416,3467],{"class":97},[44,85418,186],{"class":62},[44,85420,26353],{"class":8998},[44,85422,55],{"class":54},[44,85424,3599],{"class":3674},[44,85426,434],{"class":62},[20,85428,1031],{},[35,85430,85431],{"className":37,"code":11633,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85432,85433],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85434,85435],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85436,11633],{"class":3674},[20,85438,85439],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85441,85442],{},"Remember:",[126,85444,85445,85453],{},[129,85446,85447,85449,85450,85452],{},[15,85448,82566],{}," works only when ",[15,85451,83865],{}," gets one iterable argument",[129,85454,85455,85456],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85457,85458],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85460,85461,85462,504],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[491,85463,65469],{"href":72508},[30,85465,10568],{"id":10567},[20,85467,56403,85468,504],{},[15,85469,83865],{},[600,85471,85473,85474],{"id":85472},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85475,82566],{},[20,85477,2822,85478,449],{},[15,85479,1144],{},[35,85481,85483],{"className":37,"code":85482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85484,85485,85493],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85486,85487,85489,85491],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85488,7609],{"class":50},[44,85490,55],{"class":54},[44,85492,7669],{"class":62},[44,85494,85495,85497,85499,85501,85503,85505],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,85496,82],{"class":58},[44,85498,63],{"class":62},[44,85500,84290],{"class":58},[44,85502,63],{"class":62},[44,85504,7640],{"class":97},[44,85506,434],{"class":62},[20,85508,85509],{},"Fix it by:",[126,85511,85512,85515],{},[129,85513,85514],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[129,85516,85517,85518],{},"or using ",[15,85519,82566],{},[35,85521,85523],{"className":37,"code":85522,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85524,85525,85533],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85526,85527,85529,85531],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85528,7609],{"class":50},[44,85530,55],{"class":54},[44,85532,7669],{"class":62},[44,85534,85535,85537,85539,85541,85543,85545,85547,85549,85551,85553,85556,85558],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,85536,82],{"class":58},[44,85538,63],{"class":62},[44,85540,84290],{"class":58},[44,85542,63],{"class":62},[44,85544,7640],{"class":97},[44,85546,186],{"class":62},[44,85548,26353],{"class":8998},[44,85550,55],{"class":54},[44,85552,67],{"class":66},[44,85554,85555],{"class":70},"no items",[44,85557,67],{"class":66},[44,85559,434],{"class":62},[600,85561,85563],{"id":85562},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85565,85566],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[35,85568,85570],{"className":37,"code":85569,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85571,85572,85596],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85573,85574,85576,85578,85580,85582,85584,85586,85588,85590,85592,85594],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85575,8988],{"class":50},[44,85577,55],{"class":54},[44,85579,3440],{"class":62},[44,85581,2161],{"class":452},[44,85583,186],{"class":62},[44,85585,1438],{"class":66},[44,85587,15582],{"class":70},[44,85589,67],{"class":66},[44,85591,186],{"class":62},[44,85593,4431],{"class":452},[44,85595,3453],{"class":62},[44,85597,85598,85600,85602,85604,85606,85608],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,85599,82],{"class":58},[44,85601,63],{"class":62},[44,85603,84290],{"class":58},[44,85605,63],{"class":62},[44,85607,9026],{"class":97},[44,85609,434],{"class":62},[20,85611,1031],{},[35,85613,85615],{"className":37,"code":85614,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError\n",[15,85616,85617],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85618,85619],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85620,85614],{"class":426},[20,85622,85623],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85625,85626,85627,504],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85628,83865],{},[35,85630,85632],{"className":37,"code":85631,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85633,85634,85658,85684],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85635,85636,85638,85640,85642,85644,85646,85648,85650,85652,85654,85656],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85637,8988],{"class":50},[44,85639,55],{"class":54},[44,85641,3440],{"class":62},[44,85643,2161],{"class":452},[44,85645,186],{"class":62},[44,85647,1438],{"class":66},[44,85649,15582],{"class":70},[44,85651,67],{"class":66},[44,85653,186],{"class":62},[44,85655,4431],{"class":452},[44,85657,3453],{"class":62},[44,85659,85660,85662,85664,85666,85668,85670,85672,85674,85676,85678,85680,85682],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,85661,3435],{"class":50},[44,85663,55],{"class":54},[44,85665,3440],{"class":62},[44,85667,588],{"class":426},[44,85669,63],{"class":62},[44,85671,2003],{"class":97},[44,85673,3480],{"class":62},[44,85675,3699],{"class":1384},[44,85677,3702],{"class":50},[44,85679,3705],{"class":1384},[44,85681,14393],{"class":50},[44,85683,3453],{"class":62},[44,85685,85686,85688,85690,85692,85694,85696],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,85687,82],{"class":58},[44,85689,63],{"class":62},[44,85691,84290],{"class":58},[44,85693,63],{"class":62},[44,85695,3467],{"class":97},[44,85697,434],{"class":62},[20,85699,1031],{},[35,85701,85702],{"className":37,"code":2766,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85703,85704],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85705,85706],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85707,2766],{"class":452},[20,85709,85710,85711,504],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,85712,2825],{},[600,85714,85716],{"id":85715},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,85718,85719],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[35,85721,85723],{"className":37,"code":85722,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85724,85725,85757],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85726,85727,85729,85731,85733,85735,85737,85739,85741,85743,85745,85747,85749,85751,85753,85755],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85728,3894],{"class":50},[44,85730,55],{"class":54},[44,85732,3440],{"class":62},[44,85734,67],{"class":66},[44,85736,79190],{"class":70},[44,85738,67],{"class":66},[44,85740,186],{"class":62},[44,85742,1438],{"class":66},[44,85744,57396],{"class":70},[44,85746,67],{"class":66},[44,85748,186],{"class":62},[44,85750,1438],{"class":66},[44,85752,79207],{"class":70},[44,85754,67],{"class":66},[44,85756,3453],{"class":62},[44,85758,85759,85761,85763,85765,85767,85769],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,85760,82],{"class":58},[44,85762,63],{"class":62},[44,85764,84290],{"class":58},[44,85766,63],{"class":62},[44,85768,3938],{"class":97},[44,85770,434],{"class":62},[20,85772,1031],{},[35,85774,85775],{"className":37,"code":84986,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85776,85777],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85778,85779],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85780,84986],{"class":50},[20,85782,85783],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[35,85785,85787],{"className":37,"code":85786,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,85788,85789,85821],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85790,85791,85793,85795,85797,85799,85801,85803,85805,85807,85809,85811,85813,85815,85817,85819],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85792,3894],{"class":50},[44,85794,55],{"class":54},[44,85796,3440],{"class":62},[44,85798,67],{"class":66},[44,85800,79190],{"class":70},[44,85802,67],{"class":66},[44,85804,186],{"class":62},[44,85806,1438],{"class":66},[44,85808,57396],{"class":70},[44,85810,67],{"class":66},[44,85812,186],{"class":62},[44,85814,1438],{"class":66},[44,85816,79207],{"class":70},[44,85818,67],{"class":66},[44,85820,3453],{"class":62},[44,85822,85823,85825,85827,85829,85831,85833,85835,85837,85839,85841,85843,85845],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,85824,82],{"class":58},[44,85826,63],{"class":62},[44,85828,84290],{"class":58},[44,85830,63],{"class":62},[44,85832,3938],{"class":97},[44,85834,186],{"class":62},[44,85836,21408],{"class":8998},[44,85838,55],{"class":54},[44,85840,473],{"class":426},[44,85842,504],{"class":62},[44,85844,8465],{"class":24579},[44,85846,434],{"class":62},[20,85848,1031],{},[35,85850,85851],{"className":37,"code":84986,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85852,85853],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85854,85855],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85856,84986],{"class":50},[20,85858,85859],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[30,85861,4788,85863],{"id":85862},"when-to-use-min",[15,85864,83865],{},[20,85866,103,85867,10424],{},[15,85868,83865],{},[126,85870,85871,85874,85879],{},[129,85872,85873],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[129,85875,85876,85877],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,85878,14668],{},[129,85880,85881],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,85883,103,85884,85888],{},[491,85885,85886],{"href":74151},[15,85887,74054],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,85890,103,85891,85896],{},[491,85892,85894],{"href":85893},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,85895,82211],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[30,85898,1486],{"id":1485},[20,85900,83870],{},[126,85902,85903,85911,85914,85919,85926],{},[129,85904,85905,85906,85908,85909],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,85907,83865],{}," without using ",[15,85910,82566],{},[129,85912,85913],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[129,85915,8279,85916,85918],{},[15,85917,83865],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[129,85920,984,85921,85923,85924,85027],{},[15,85922,14668],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,85925,83865],{},[129,85927,8243,85928,85930],{},[15,85929,82566],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,85932,85933,85934,85936],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,85935,83865],{},", these quick checks can help:",[35,85938,85940],{"className":37,"code":85939,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85941,85942,85956,85966,85980,85994,86016],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85943,85944,85946,85948,85950,85952,85954],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85945,82],{"class":58},[44,85947,63],{"class":62},[44,85949,427],{"class":426},[44,85951,63],{"class":62},[44,85953,9026],{"class":97},[44,85955,434],{"class":62},[44,85957,85958,85960,85962,85964],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,85959,82],{"class":58},[44,85961,63],{"class":62},[44,85963,9026],{"class":97},[44,85965,76],{"class":62},[44,85967,85968,85970,85972,85974,85976,85978],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,85969,82],{"class":58},[44,85971,63],{"class":62},[44,85973,10986],{"class":58},[44,85975,63],{"class":62},[44,85977,9026],{"class":97},[44,85979,434],{"class":62},[44,85981,85982,85984,85986,85988,85990,85992],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,85983,82],{"class":58},[44,85985,63],{"class":62},[44,85987,84290],{"class":58},[44,85989,63],{"class":62},[44,85991,9026],{"class":97},[44,85993,434],{"class":62},[44,85995,85996,85998,86000,86002,86004,86006,86008,86010,86012,86014],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,85997,82],{"class":58},[44,85999,63],{"class":62},[44,86001,84290],{"class":58},[44,86003,63],{"class":62},[44,86005,9026],{"class":97},[44,86007,186],{"class":62},[44,86009,26353],{"class":8998},[44,86011,55],{"class":54},[44,86013,3599],{"class":3674},[44,86015,434],{"class":62},[44,86017,86018,86020,86022,86024,86026,86028,86030,86032,86034,86036],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,86019,82],{"class":58},[44,86021,63],{"class":62},[44,86023,84290],{"class":58},[44,86025,63],{"class":62},[44,86027,3938],{"class":97},[44,86029,186],{"class":62},[44,86031,21408],{"class":8998},[44,86033,55],{"class":54},[44,86035,10986],{"class":58},[44,86037,434],{"class":62},[20,86039,86040,86041,86044,86045,86047],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86042,86043],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86046,9026],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[30,86049,1651],{"id":1650},[600,86051,4970,86053,4973],{"id":86052},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86054,83865],{},[20,86056,86057],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[600,86059,4997,86061,84046],{"id":86060},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86062,83865],{},[20,86064,86065],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[600,86067,71276],{"id":71275},[20,86069,86070,52121,86072,84058,86074,36447],{},[15,86071,83865],{},[15,86073,1144],{},[15,86075,82566],{},[600,86077,4970,86079,86081,86082,213],{"id":86078},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86080,14668],{}," do in ",[15,86083,83865],{},[20,86085,86086,86088,86089,86091],{},[15,86087,14668],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86090,83119],{}," compares strings by length.",[600,86093,5007,86095,1126,86097,213],{"id":86094},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86096,83865],{},[15,86098,74054],{},[20,86100,86101,86103,86104,86106],{},[15,86102,83865],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86105,74054],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[30,86108,1719],{"id":1718},[126,86110,86111,86117,86123,86129,86133,86137],{},[129,86112,86113],{},[491,86114,86115,1738],{"href":85893},[15,86116,82211],{},[129,86118,86119],{},[491,86120,86121,1738],{"href":74151},[15,86122,74054],{},[129,86124,86125],{},[491,86126,86127,1738],{"href":42172},[15,86128,42175],{},[129,86130,86131],{},[491,86132,79503],{"href":78006},[129,86134,86135],{},[491,86136,58584],{"href":58583},[129,86138,86139],{},[491,86140,65469],{"href":72508},[1758,86142,86143],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":86145},[86146,86147,86149,86155,86157,86159,86164,86166,86172,86174,86175,86186],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":84349,"depth":79,"text":86148},"What min() does",{"id":84370,"depth":79,"text":84371,"children":86150},[86151,86152,86153,86154],{"id":84455,"depth":419,"text":84458},{"id":84517,"depth":419,"text":84520},{"id":84567,"depth":419,"text":84570},{"id":84661,"depth":419,"text":84664},{"id":84723,"depth":79,"text":86156},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":84858,"depth":79,"text":86158},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85005,"depth":79,"text":86160,"children":86161},"Using min() with a key function",[86162,86163],{"id":85033,"depth":419,"text":85034},{"id":85108,"depth":419,"text":85109},{"id":85330,"depth":79,"text":86165},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10567,"depth":79,"text":10568,"children":86167},[86168,86170,86171],{"id":85472,"depth":419,"text":86169},"Empty list without default",{"id":85562,"depth":419,"text":85563},{"id":85715,"depth":419,"text":85716},{"id":85862,"depth":79,"text":86173},"When to use min()",{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":86176},[86177,86179,86181,86182,86184],{"id":86052,"depth":419,"text":86178},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86060,"depth":419,"text":86180},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71275,"depth":419,"text":71276},{"id":86078,"depth":419,"text":86183},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86094,"depth":419,"text":86185},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84232,"description":86187},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86194,"title":86195,"body":86196,"description":88375,"extension":1796,"meta":88376,"navigation":807,"path":88377,"seo":88378,"stem":88379,"__hash__":88380},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86197,"toc":88339},[86198,86201,86207,86213,86215,86296,86305,86309,86314,86316,86361,86363,86443,86449,86451,86454,86486,86488,86506,86508,86581,86583,86602,86606,86609,86645,86647,86714,86788,86861,86866,86870,86876,86879,86896,86899,86901,86962,86964,86984,86990,86994,86997,87067,87070,87089,87094,87170,87173,87177,87183,87187,87192,87262,87266,87271,87345,87349,87352,87427,87438,87442,87447,87537,87542,87610,87613,87632,87643,87647,87650,87655,87658,87720,87723,87734,87739,87742,87745,87750,87753,87756,87760,87763,87769,87772,87783,87785,87847,87862,87868,87871,87874,87885,87896,87902,87905,87907,87969,87979,87985,87990,87996,88000,88006,88009,88030,88032,88037,88064,88067,88094,88097,88136,88139,88177,88180,88241,88244,88246,88250,88253,88257,88263,88271,88279,88283,88286,88290,88296,88298,88336],[10,86199,86195],{"id":86200},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86202,86203,86206],{},[15,86204,86205],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86208,86209,86210,86212],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86211,86205],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[30,86214,33],{"id":32},[35,86216,86218],{"className":37,"code":86217,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86219,86220,86269,86285],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86221,86222,86225,86228,86230,86232,86235,86237,86239,86241,86243,86245,86247,86250,86252,86254,86257,86259,86261,86263,86267],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86223,86224],{"class":1384},"with",[44,86226,86227],{"class":58}," open",[44,86229,63],{"class":62},[44,86231,67],{"class":66},[44,86233,86234],{"class":70},"example.txt",[44,86236,67],{"class":66},[44,86238,186],{"class":62},[44,86240,1438],{"class":66},[44,86242,60134],{"class":70},[44,86244,67],{"class":66},[44,86246,186],{"class":62},[44,86248,86249],{"class":8998}," encoding",[44,86251,55],{"class":54},[44,86253,67],{"class":66},[44,86255,86256],{"class":70},"utf-8",[44,86258,67],{"class":66},[44,86260,3480],{"class":62},[44,86262,46982],{"class":1384},[44,86264,86266],{"class":86265},"sMMDD"," file",[44,86268,1388],{"class":62},[44,86270,86271,86274,86276,86278,86280,86283],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,86272,86273],{"class":50},"    content ",[44,86275,55],{"class":54},[44,86277,86266],{"class":86265},[44,86279,504],{"class":62},[44,86281,86282],{"class":97},"read",[44,86284,345],{"class":62},[44,86286,86287,86289,86291,86294],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,86288,1416],{"class":58},[44,86290,63],{"class":62},[44,86292,86293],{"class":97},"content",[44,86295,76],{"class":62},[20,86297,103,86298,86300,86301,86304],{},[15,86299,86224],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86302,86303],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[30,86306,86308],{"id":86307},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86310,86311,86313],{},[15,86312,86205],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86315,273],{},[126,86317,86318,86321,86326,86331],{},[129,86319,86320],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[129,86322,40730,86323,86325],{},[3563,86324,4457],{}," read or write anything by itself",[129,86327,17251,86328],{},[3563,86329,86330],{},"file object",[129,86332,86333,86334],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[126,86335,86336,86341,86346,86351,86356],{},[129,86337,86338],{},[15,86339,86340],{},"read()",[129,86342,86343],{},[15,86344,86345],{},"readline()",[129,86347,86348],{},[15,86349,86350],{},"readlines()",[129,86352,86353],{},[15,86354,86355],{},"write()",[129,86357,86358],{},[15,86359,86360],{},"close()",[20,86362,145],{},[35,86364,86366],{"className":37,"code":86365,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86367,86368,86407,86422,86432],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86369,86370,86373,86375,86377,86379,86381,86383,86385,86387,86389,86391,86393,86395,86397,86399,86401,86403,86405],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86371,86372],{"class":86265},"file",[44,86374,13102],{"class":54},[44,86376,86227],{"class":58},[44,86378,63],{"class":62},[44,86380,67],{"class":66},[44,86382,86234],{"class":70},[44,86384,67],{"class":66},[44,86386,186],{"class":62},[44,86388,1438],{"class":66},[44,86390,60134],{"class":70},[44,86392,67],{"class":66},[44,86394,186],{"class":62},[44,86396,86249],{"class":8998},[44,86398,55],{"class":54},[44,86400,67],{"class":66},[44,86402,86256],{"class":70},[44,86404,67],{"class":66},[44,86406,76],{"class":62},[44,86408,86409,86412,86414,86416,86418,86420],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,86410,86411],{"class":50},"content ",[44,86413,55],{"class":54},[44,86415,86266],{"class":86265},[44,86417,504],{"class":62},[44,86419,86282],{"class":97},[44,86421,345],{"class":62},[44,86423,86424,86426,86428,86430],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,86425,82],{"class":58},[44,86427,63],{"class":62},[44,86429,86293],{"class":97},[44,86431,76],{"class":62},[44,86433,86434,86436,86438,86441],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,86435,86372],{"class":86265},[44,86437,504],{"class":62},[44,86439,86440],{"class":97},"close",[44,86442,345],{"class":62},[20,86444,86445,86446,86448],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86447,86224],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[30,86450,250],{"id":249},[20,86452,86453],{},"A common form is:",[35,86455,86457],{"className":37,"code":86456,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86458,86459],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86460,86461,86463,86465,86467,86469,86472,86474,86476,86478,86480,86482,86484],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86462,42241],{"class":58},[44,86464,63],{"class":62},[44,86466,86372],{"class":86265},[44,86468,186],{"class":62},[44,86470,86471],{"class":97}," mode",[44,86473,186],{"class":62},[44,86475,86249],{"class":8998},[44,86477,55],{"class":54},[44,86479,67],{"class":66},[44,86481,86256],{"class":70},[44,86483,67],{"class":66},[44,86485,76],{"class":62},[20,86487,64675],{},[126,86489,86490,86495,86500],{},[129,86491,86492,86494],{},[15,86493,86372],{}," is the file name or file path",[129,86496,86497,86499],{},[15,86498,20747],{}," controls how the file is opened",[129,86501,86502,86505],{},[15,86503,86504],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86507,145],{},[35,86509,86511],{"className":37,"code":86510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86512,86513,86556,86571],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86514,86515,86517,86519,86521,86523,86526,86528,86530,86532,86534,86536,86538,86540,86542,86544,86546,86548,86550,86552,86554],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86516,86224],{"class":1384},[44,86518,86227],{"class":58},[44,86520,63],{"class":62},[44,86522,67],{"class":66},[44,86524,86525],{"class":70},"notes.txt",[44,86527,67],{"class":66},[44,86529,186],{"class":62},[44,86531,1438],{"class":66},[44,86533,60134],{"class":70},[44,86535,67],{"class":66},[44,86537,186],{"class":62},[44,86539,86249],{"class":8998},[44,86541,55],{"class":54},[44,86543,67],{"class":66},[44,86545,86256],{"class":70},[44,86547,67],{"class":66},[44,86549,3480],{"class":62},[44,86551,46982],{"class":1384},[44,86553,86266],{"class":86265},[44,86555,1388],{"class":62},[44,86557,86558,86561,86563,86565,86567,86569],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,86559,86560],{"class":50},"    text ",[44,86562,55],{"class":54},[44,86564,86266],{"class":86265},[44,86566,504],{"class":62},[44,86568,86282],{"class":97},[44,86570,345],{"class":62},[44,86572,86573,86575,86577,86579],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,86574,1416],{"class":58},[44,86576,63],{"class":62},[44,86578,34535],{"class":97},[44,86580,76],{"class":62},[20,86582,228],{},[126,86584,86585,86591,86596],{},[129,86586,86587,86590],{},[15,86588,86589],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[129,86592,86593,86595],{},[15,86594,86303],{}," means open for reading",[129,86597,86598,86601],{},[15,86599,86600],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[30,86603,86605],{"id":86604},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86607,86608],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[126,86610,86611,86616,86622,86627,86633,86639],{},[129,86612,86613,86615],{},[15,86614,86303],{}," = read a text file",[129,86617,86618,86621],{},[15,86619,86620],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[129,86623,86624,86626],{},[15,86625,17926],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[129,86628,86629,86632],{},[15,86630,86631],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[129,86634,86635,86638],{},[15,86636,86637],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[129,86640,86641,86644],{},[15,86642,86643],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86646,1957],{},[35,86648,86650],{"className":37,"code":86649,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86651,86652,86657,86700],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86653,86654],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86655,86656],{"class":3483},"# Read a text file\n",[44,86658,86659,86661,86663,86665,86667,86670,86672,86674,86676,86678,86680,86682,86684,86686,86688,86690,86692,86694,86696,86698],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,86660,86224],{"class":1384},[44,86662,86227],{"class":58},[44,86664,63],{"class":62},[44,86666,67],{"class":66},[44,86668,86669],{"class":70},"data.txt",[44,86671,67],{"class":66},[44,86673,186],{"class":62},[44,86675,1438],{"class":66},[44,86677,60134],{"class":70},[44,86679,67],{"class":66},[44,86681,186],{"class":62},[44,86683,86249],{"class":8998},[44,86685,55],{"class":54},[44,86687,67],{"class":66},[44,86689,86256],{"class":70},[44,86691,67],{"class":66},[44,86693,3480],{"class":62},[44,86695,46982],{"class":1384},[44,86697,86266],{"class":86265},[44,86699,1388],{"class":62},[44,86701,86702,86704,86706,86708,86710,86712],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,86703,1416],{"class":58},[44,86705,63],{"class":62},[44,86707,86372],{"class":86265},[44,86709,504],{"class":62},[44,86711,86282],{"class":97},[44,86713,7025],{"class":62},[35,86715,86717],{"className":37,"code":86716,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,86718,86719,86724,86766],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86720,86721],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86722,86723],{"class":3483},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[44,86725,86726,86728,86730,86732,86734,86736,86738,86740,86742,86744,86746,86748,86750,86752,86754,86756,86758,86760,86762,86764],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,86727,86224],{"class":1384},[44,86729,86227],{"class":58},[44,86731,63],{"class":62},[44,86733,67],{"class":66},[44,86735,86669],{"class":70},[44,86737,67],{"class":66},[44,86739,186],{"class":62},[44,86741,1438],{"class":66},[44,86743,60117],{"class":70},[44,86745,67],{"class":66},[44,86747,186],{"class":62},[44,86749,86249],{"class":8998},[44,86751,55],{"class":54},[44,86753,67],{"class":66},[44,86755,86256],{"class":70},[44,86757,67],{"class":66},[44,86759,3480],{"class":62},[44,86761,46982],{"class":1384},[44,86763,86266],{"class":86265},[44,86765,1388],{"class":62},[44,86767,86768,86771,86773,86775,86777,86779,86781,86784,86786],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,86769,86770],{"class":86265},"    file",[44,86772,504],{"class":62},[44,86774,69825],{"class":97},[44,86776,63],{"class":62},[44,86778,67],{"class":66},[44,86780,34693],{"class":70},[44,86782,86783],{"class":34279},"\\n",[44,86785,67],{"class":66},[44,86787,76],{"class":62},[35,86789,86791],{"className":37,"code":86790,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,86792,86793,86798,86840],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86794,86795],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86796,86797],{"class":3483},"# Append to a text file\n",[44,86799,86800,86802,86804,86806,86808,86810,86812,86814,86816,86818,86820,86822,86824,86826,86828,86830,86832,86834,86836,86838],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,86801,86224],{"class":1384},[44,86803,86227],{"class":58},[44,86805,63],{"class":62},[44,86807,67],{"class":66},[44,86809,86669],{"class":70},[44,86811,67],{"class":66},[44,86813,186],{"class":62},[44,86815,1438],{"class":66},[44,86817,491],{"class":70},[44,86819,67],{"class":66},[44,86821,186],{"class":62},[44,86823,86249],{"class":8998},[44,86825,55],{"class":54},[44,86827,67],{"class":66},[44,86829,86256],{"class":70},[44,86831,67],{"class":66},[44,86833,3480],{"class":62},[44,86835,46982],{"class":1384},[44,86837,86266],{"class":86265},[44,86839,1388],{"class":62},[44,86841,86842,86844,86846,86848,86850,86852,86855,86857,86859],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,86843,86770],{"class":86265},[44,86845,504],{"class":62},[44,86847,69825],{"class":97},[44,86849,63],{"class":62},[44,86851,67],{"class":66},[44,86853,86854],{"class":70},"Another line",[44,86856,86783],{"class":34279},[44,86858,67],{"class":66},[44,86860,76],{"class":62},[20,86862,68977,86863,86865],{},[15,86864,86620],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[30,86867,86869],{"id":86868},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,86871,86872,21803,86874,504],{},[15,86873,86205],{},[3563,86875,86330],{},[20,86877,86878],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[126,86880,86881,86886,86891],{},[129,86882,86883],{},[15,86884,86885],{},"file.read()",[129,86887,86888],{},[15,86889,86890],{},"file.write()",[129,86892,86893],{},[15,86894,86895],{},"file.close()",[20,86897,86898],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,86900,145],{},[35,86902,86904],{"className":37,"code":86903,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,86905,86906,86948],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86907,86908,86910,86912,86914,86916,86918,86920,86922,86924,86926,86928,86930,86932,86934,86936,86938,86940,86942,86944,86946],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86909,86224],{"class":1384},[44,86911,86227],{"class":58},[44,86913,63],{"class":62},[44,86915,67],{"class":66},[44,86917,86234],{"class":70},[44,86919,67],{"class":66},[44,86921,186],{"class":62},[44,86923,1438],{"class":66},[44,86925,60134],{"class":70},[44,86927,67],{"class":66},[44,86929,186],{"class":62},[44,86931,86249],{"class":8998},[44,86933,55],{"class":54},[44,86935,67],{"class":66},[44,86937,86256],{"class":70},[44,86939,67],{"class":66},[44,86941,3480],{"class":62},[44,86943,46982],{"class":1384},[44,86945,86266],{"class":86265},[44,86947,1388],{"class":62},[44,86949,86950,86952,86954,86956,86958,86960],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,86951,1416],{"class":58},[44,86953,63],{"class":62},[44,86955,427],{"class":426},[44,86957,63],{"class":62},[44,86959,86372],{"class":86265},[44,86961,434],{"class":62},[20,86963,194],{},[35,86965,86967],{"className":37,"code":86966,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,86968,86969],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86970,86971,86973,86975,86977,86980,86982],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86972,463],{"class":54},[44,86974,467],{"class":466},[44,86976,470],{"class":66},[44,86978,86979],{"class":70},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[44,86981,476],{"class":66},[44,86983,479],{"class":54},[20,86985,86986,86987,86989],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,86988,86205],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[30,86991,86993],{"id":86992},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,86995,86996],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[35,86998,86999],{"className":37,"code":86217,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,87000,87001,87043,87057],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87002,87003,87005,87007,87009,87011,87013,87015,87017,87019,87021,87023,87025,87027,87029,87031,87033,87035,87037,87039,87041],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87004,86224],{"class":1384},[44,87006,86227],{"class":58},[44,87008,63],{"class":62},[44,87010,67],{"class":66},[44,87012,86234],{"class":70},[44,87014,67],{"class":66},[44,87016,186],{"class":62},[44,87018,1438],{"class":66},[44,87020,60134],{"class":70},[44,87022,67],{"class":66},[44,87024,186],{"class":62},[44,87026,86249],{"class":8998},[44,87028,55],{"class":54},[44,87030,67],{"class":66},[44,87032,86256],{"class":70},[44,87034,67],{"class":66},[44,87036,3480],{"class":62},[44,87038,46982],{"class":1384},[44,87040,86266],{"class":86265},[44,87042,1388],{"class":62},[44,87044,87045,87047,87049,87051,87053,87055],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,87046,86273],{"class":50},[44,87048,55],{"class":54},[44,87050,86266],{"class":86265},[44,87052,504],{"class":62},[44,87054,86282],{"class":97},[44,87056,345],{"class":62},[44,87058,87059,87061,87063,87065],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,87060,1416],{"class":58},[44,87062,63],{"class":62},[44,87064,86293],{"class":97},[44,87066,76],{"class":62},[20,87068,87069],{},"Why this is recommended:",[126,87071,87072,87077,87083,87086],{},[129,87073,87074,87076],{},[15,87075,86224],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[129,87078,87079,87080,87082],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87081,86360],{}," yourself",[129,87084,87085],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[129,87087,87088],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87090,83382,87091,87093],{},[15,87092,86224],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[35,87095,87096],{"className":37,"code":86365,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,87097,87098,87136,87150,87160],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87099,87100,87102,87104,87106,87108,87110,87112,87114,87116,87118,87120,87122,87124,87126,87128,87130,87132,87134],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87101,86372],{"class":86265},[44,87103,13102],{"class":54},[44,87105,86227],{"class":58},[44,87107,63],{"class":62},[44,87109,67],{"class":66},[44,87111,86234],{"class":70},[44,87113,67],{"class":66},[44,87115,186],{"class":62},[44,87117,1438],{"class":66},[44,87119,60134],{"class":70},[44,87121,67],{"class":66},[44,87123,186],{"class":62},[44,87125,86249],{"class":8998},[44,87127,55],{"class":54},[44,87129,67],{"class":66},[44,87131,86256],{"class":70},[44,87133,67],{"class":66},[44,87135,76],{"class":62},[44,87137,87138,87140,87142,87144,87146,87148],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,87139,86411],{"class":50},[44,87141,55],{"class":54},[44,87143,86266],{"class":86265},[44,87145,504],{"class":62},[44,87147,86282],{"class":97},[44,87149,345],{"class":62},[44,87151,87152,87154,87156,87158],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,87153,82],{"class":58},[44,87155,63],{"class":62},[44,87157,86293],{"class":97},[44,87159,76],{"class":62},[44,87161,87162,87164,87166,87168],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,87163,86372],{"class":86265},[44,87165,504],{"class":62},[44,87167,86440],{"class":97},[44,87169,345],{"class":62},[20,87171,87172],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[30,87174,87176],{"id":87175},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87178,87179,87180,87182],{},"Use mode ",[15,87181,86303],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[600,87184,87186],{"id":87185},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87188,87189,87191],{},[15,87190,86340],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[35,87193,87194],{"className":37,"code":86217,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,87195,87196,87238,87252],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87197,87198,87200,87202,87204,87206,87208,87210,87212,87214,87216,87218,87220,87222,87224,87226,87228,87230,87232,87234,87236],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87199,86224],{"class":1384},[44,87201,86227],{"class":58},[44,87203,63],{"class":62},[44,87205,67],{"class":66},[44,87207,86234],{"class":70},[44,87209,67],{"class":66},[44,87211,186],{"class":62},[44,87213,1438],{"class":66},[44,87215,60134],{"class":70},[44,87217,67],{"class":66},[44,87219,186],{"class":62},[44,87221,86249],{"class":8998},[44,87223,55],{"class":54},[44,87225,67],{"class":66},[44,87227,86256],{"class":70},[44,87229,67],{"class":66},[44,87231,3480],{"class":62},[44,87233,46982],{"class":1384},[44,87235,86266],{"class":86265},[44,87237,1388],{"class":62},[44,87239,87240,87242,87244,87246,87248,87250],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,87241,86273],{"class":50},[44,87243,55],{"class":54},[44,87245,86266],{"class":86265},[44,87247,504],{"class":62},[44,87249,86282],{"class":97},[44,87251,345],{"class":62},[44,87253,87254,87256,87258,87260],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,87255,1416],{"class":58},[44,87257,63],{"class":62},[44,87259,86293],{"class":97},[44,87261,76],{"class":62},[600,87263,87265],{"id":87264},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87267,87268,87270],{},[15,87269,86345],{}," reads one line at a time.",[35,87272,87274],{"className":37,"code":87273,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87275,87276,87318,87334],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87277,87278,87280,87282,87284,87286,87288,87290,87292,87294,87296,87298,87300,87302,87304,87306,87308,87310,87312,87314,87316],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87279,86224],{"class":1384},[44,87281,86227],{"class":58},[44,87283,63],{"class":62},[44,87285,67],{"class":66},[44,87287,86234],{"class":70},[44,87289,67],{"class":66},[44,87291,186],{"class":62},[44,87293,1438],{"class":66},[44,87295,60134],{"class":70},[44,87297,67],{"class":66},[44,87299,186],{"class":62},[44,87301,86249],{"class":8998},[44,87303,55],{"class":54},[44,87305,67],{"class":66},[44,87307,86256],{"class":70},[44,87309,67],{"class":66},[44,87311,3480],{"class":62},[44,87313,46982],{"class":1384},[44,87315,86266],{"class":86265},[44,87317,1388],{"class":62},[44,87319,87320,87323,87325,87327,87329,87332],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,87321,87322],{"class":50},"    first_line ",[44,87324,55],{"class":54},[44,87326,86266],{"class":86265},[44,87328,504],{"class":62},[44,87330,87331],{"class":97},"readline",[44,87333,345],{"class":62},[44,87335,87336,87338,87340,87343],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,87337,1416],{"class":58},[44,87339,63],{"class":62},[44,87341,87342],{"class":97},"first_line",[44,87344,76],{"class":62},[600,87346,87348],{"id":87347},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87350,87351],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[35,87353,87355],{"className":37,"code":87354,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87356,87357,87399,87413],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87358,87359,87361,87363,87365,87367,87369,87371,87373,87375,87377,87379,87381,87383,87385,87387,87389,87391,87393,87395,87397],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87360,86224],{"class":1384},[44,87362,86227],{"class":58},[44,87364,63],{"class":62},[44,87366,67],{"class":66},[44,87368,86234],{"class":70},[44,87370,67],{"class":66},[44,87372,186],{"class":62},[44,87374,1438],{"class":66},[44,87376,60134],{"class":70},[44,87378,67],{"class":66},[44,87380,186],{"class":62},[44,87382,86249],{"class":8998},[44,87384,55],{"class":54},[44,87386,67],{"class":66},[44,87388,86256],{"class":70},[44,87390,67],{"class":66},[44,87392,3480],{"class":62},[44,87394,46982],{"class":1384},[44,87396,86266],{"class":86265},[44,87398,1388],{"class":62},[44,87400,87401,87404,87407,87409,87411],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,87402,87403],{"class":1384},"    for",[44,87405,87406],{"class":50}," line ",[44,87408,3705],{"class":1384},[44,87410,86266],{"class":86265},[44,87412,1388],{"class":62},[44,87414,87415,87417,87419,87421,87423,87425],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,87416,46962],{"class":58},[44,87418,63],{"class":62},[44,87420,46],{"class":97},[44,87422,504],{"class":62},[44,87424,1273],{"class":97},[44,87426,7025],{"class":62},[20,87428,87429,87430,497,87434,504],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[491,87431,87433],{"href":87432},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[491,87435,87437],{"href":87436},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[30,87439,87441],{"id":87440},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87443,103,87444,87446],{},[15,87445,86620],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[35,87448,87450],{"className":37,"code":87449,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87451,87452,87495,87516],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87453,87454,87456,87458,87460,87462,87465,87467,87469,87471,87473,87475,87477,87479,87481,87483,87485,87487,87489,87491,87493],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87455,86224],{"class":1384},[44,87457,86227],{"class":58},[44,87459,63],{"class":62},[44,87461,67],{"class":66},[44,87463,87464],{"class":70},"output.txt",[44,87466,67],{"class":66},[44,87468,186],{"class":62},[44,87470,1438],{"class":66},[44,87472,60117],{"class":70},[44,87474,67],{"class":66},[44,87476,186],{"class":62},[44,87478,86249],{"class":8998},[44,87480,55],{"class":54},[44,87482,67],{"class":66},[44,87484,86256],{"class":70},[44,87486,67],{"class":66},[44,87488,3480],{"class":62},[44,87490,46982],{"class":1384},[44,87492,86266],{"class":86265},[44,87494,1388],{"class":62},[44,87496,87497,87499,87501,87503,87505,87507,87510,87512,87514],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,87498,86770],{"class":86265},[44,87500,504],{"class":62},[44,87502,69825],{"class":97},[44,87504,63],{"class":62},[44,87506,67],{"class":66},[44,87508,87509],{"class":70},"First line",[44,87511,86783],{"class":34279},[44,87513,67],{"class":66},[44,87515,76],{"class":62},[44,87517,87518,87520,87522,87524,87526,87528,87531,87533,87535],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,87519,86770],{"class":86265},[44,87521,504],{"class":62},[44,87523,69825],{"class":97},[44,87525,63],{"class":62},[44,87527,67],{"class":66},[44,87529,87530],{"class":70},"Second line",[44,87532,86783],{"class":34279},[44,87534,67],{"class":66},[44,87536,76],{"class":62},[20,87538,103,87539,87541],{},[15,87540,17926],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[35,87543,87545],{"className":37,"code":87544,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87546,87547,87589],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87548,87549,87551,87553,87555,87557,87559,87561,87563,87565,87567,87569,87571,87573,87575,87577,87579,87581,87583,87585,87587],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87550,86224],{"class":1384},[44,87552,86227],{"class":58},[44,87554,63],{"class":62},[44,87556,67],{"class":66},[44,87558,87464],{"class":70},[44,87560,67],{"class":66},[44,87562,186],{"class":62},[44,87564,1438],{"class":66},[44,87566,491],{"class":70},[44,87568,67],{"class":66},[44,87570,186],{"class":62},[44,87572,86249],{"class":8998},[44,87574,55],{"class":54},[44,87576,67],{"class":66},[44,87578,86256],{"class":70},[44,87580,67],{"class":66},[44,87582,3480],{"class":62},[44,87584,46982],{"class":1384},[44,87586,86266],{"class":86265},[44,87588,1388],{"class":62},[44,87590,87591,87593,87595,87597,87599,87601,87604,87606,87608],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,87592,86770],{"class":86265},[44,87594,504],{"class":62},[44,87596,69825],{"class":97},[44,87598,63],{"class":62},[44,87600,67],{"class":66},[44,87602,87603],{"class":70},"Third line",[44,87605,86783],{"class":34279},[44,87607,67],{"class":66},[44,87609,76],{"class":62},[20,87611,87612],{},"Important detail:",[126,87614,87615,87620,87627],{},[129,87616,87617,87619],{},[15,87618,86355],{}," writes a string",[129,87621,87622,13880,87624,87626],{},[15,87623,86355],{},[3563,87625,4457],{}," add a newline for you",[129,87628,87629,87630,87082],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87631,86783],{},[20,87633,87634,87635,497,87639,504],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[491,87636,87638],{"href":87637},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[491,87640,87642],{"href":87641},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[30,87644,87646],{"id":87645},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87648,87649],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[600,87651,87653],{"id":87652},"encodingutf-8",[15,87654,86600],{},[20,87656,87657],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[35,87659,87661],{"className":37,"code":87660,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87662,87663,87706],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87664,87665,87667,87669,87671,87673,87676,87678,87680,87682,87684,87686,87688,87690,87692,87694,87696,87698,87700,87702,87704],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87666,86224],{"class":1384},[44,87668,86227],{"class":58},[44,87670,63],{"class":62},[44,87672,67],{"class":66},[44,87674,87675],{"class":70},"message.txt",[44,87677,67],{"class":66},[44,87679,186],{"class":62},[44,87681,1438],{"class":66},[44,87683,60134],{"class":70},[44,87685,67],{"class":66},[44,87687,186],{"class":62},[44,87689,86249],{"class":8998},[44,87691,55],{"class":54},[44,87693,67],{"class":66},[44,87695,86256],{"class":70},[44,87697,67],{"class":66},[44,87699,3480],{"class":62},[44,87701,46982],{"class":1384},[44,87703,86266],{"class":86265},[44,87705,1388],{"class":62},[44,87707,87708,87710,87712,87714,87716,87718],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,87709,1416],{"class":58},[44,87711,63],{"class":62},[44,87713,86372],{"class":86265},[44,87715,504],{"class":62},[44,87717,86282],{"class":97},[44,87719,7025],{"class":62},[20,87721,87722],{},"Why it matters:",[126,87724,87725,87728,87731],{},[129,87726,87727],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[129,87729,87730],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[129,87732,87733],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[600,87735,87737],{"id":87736},"newline",[15,87738,87736],{},[20,87740,87741],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,87743,87744],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[600,87746,87748],{"id":87747},"buffering",[15,87749,87747],{},[20,87751,87752],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,87754,87755],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[30,87757,87759],{"id":87758},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,87761,87762],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[600,87764,87766],{"id":87765},"filenotfounderror",[15,87767,87768],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,87770,87771],{},"This happens when:",[126,87773,87774,87777,87780],{},[129,87775,87776],{},"the file does not exist",[129,87778,87779],{},"the path is wrong",[129,87781,87782],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,87784,145],{},[35,87786,87788],{"className":37,"code":87787,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87789,87790,87833],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87791,87792,87794,87796,87798,87800,87803,87805,87807,87809,87811,87813,87815,87817,87819,87821,87823,87825,87827,87829,87831],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87793,86224],{"class":1384},[44,87795,86227],{"class":58},[44,87797,63],{"class":62},[44,87799,67],{"class":66},[44,87801,87802],{"class":70},"missing.txt",[44,87804,67],{"class":66},[44,87806,186],{"class":62},[44,87808,1438],{"class":66},[44,87810,60134],{"class":70},[44,87812,67],{"class":66},[44,87814,186],{"class":62},[44,87816,86249],{"class":8998},[44,87818,55],{"class":54},[44,87820,67],{"class":66},[44,87822,86256],{"class":70},[44,87824,67],{"class":66},[44,87826,3480],{"class":62},[44,87828,46982],{"class":1384},[44,87830,86266],{"class":86265},[44,87832,1388],{"class":62},[44,87834,87835,87837,87839,87841,87843,87845],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,87836,1416],{"class":58},[44,87838,63],{"class":62},[44,87840,86372],{"class":86265},[44,87842,504],{"class":62},[44,87844,86282],{"class":97},[44,87846,7025],{"class":62},[20,87848,87849,87850,1126,87858,504],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[491,87851,87853,87854,87857],{"href":87852},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[44,87855,87856],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[491,87859,87861],{"href":87860},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[600,87863,87865],{"id":87864},"permissionerror",[15,87866,87867],{},"PermissionError",[20,87869,87870],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,87872,87873],{},"Example causes:",[126,87875,87876,87879,87882],{},[129,87877,87878],{},"the file is protected",[129,87880,87881],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[129,87883,87884],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,87886,87887,87888],{},"Related page: ",[491,87889,87891,87892,87895],{"href":87890},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[44,87893,87894],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[600,87897,87899],{"id":87898},"isadirectoryerror",[15,87900,87901],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,87903,87904],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,87906,145],{},[35,87908,87910],{"className":37,"code":87909,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87911,87912,87955],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87913,87914,87916,87918,87920,87922,87925,87927,87929,87931,87933,87935,87937,87939,87941,87943,87945,87947,87949,87951,87953],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87915,86224],{"class":1384},[44,87917,86227],{"class":58},[44,87919,63],{"class":62},[44,87921,67],{"class":66},[44,87923,87924],{"class":70},"my_folder",[44,87926,67],{"class":66},[44,87928,186],{"class":62},[44,87930,1438],{"class":66},[44,87932,60134],{"class":70},[44,87934,67],{"class":66},[44,87936,186],{"class":62},[44,87938,86249],{"class":8998},[44,87940,55],{"class":54},[44,87942,67],{"class":66},[44,87944,86256],{"class":70},[44,87946,67],{"class":66},[44,87948,3480],{"class":62},[44,87950,46982],{"class":1384},[44,87952,86266],{"class":86265},[44,87954,1388],{"class":62},[44,87956,87957,87959,87961,87963,87965,87967],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,87958,1416],{"class":58},[44,87960,63],{"class":62},[44,87962,86372],{"class":86265},[44,87964,504],{"class":62},[44,87966,86282],{"class":97},[44,87968,7025],{"class":62},[20,87970,87887,87971],{},[491,87972,87974,87975,87978],{"href":87973},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[44,87976,87977],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[600,87980,87982],{"id":87981},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,87983,87984],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,87986,87987,87988,504],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,87989,86205],{},[20,87991,87887,87992],{},[491,87993,87995],{"href":87994},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[30,87997,87999],{"id":87998},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88001,88002,88003,88005],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88004,86205],{}," function.",[20,88007,88008],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[126,88010,88011,88014,88017,88023],{},[129,88012,88013],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[129,88015,88016],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[129,88018,88019,88020,88022],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88021,86205],{}," itself",[129,88024,88025,88026],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[491,88027,88029],{"href":88028},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[30,88031,1486],{"id":1485},[20,88033,88034,88035,449],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88036,86205],{},[126,88038,88039,88044,88050,88055,88058,88061],{},[129,88040,8243,88041,88043],{},[15,88042,86303],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[129,88045,88046,88047,88049],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88048,86504],{}," for text files",[129,88051,8243,88052,88054],{},[15,88053,86620],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[129,88056,88057],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[129,88059,88060],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[129,88062,88063],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88065,88066],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[35,88068,88070],{"className":37,"code":88069,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88071,88072,88079],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88073,88074,88076],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88075,34917],{"class":1384},[44,88077,88078],{"class":50}," os\n",[44,88080,88081,88083,88085,88087,88089,88092],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,88082,82],{"class":58},[44,88084,63],{"class":62},[44,88086,42439],{"class":97},[44,88088,504],{"class":62},[44,88090,88091],{"class":97},"getcwd",[44,88093,7025],{"class":62},[20,88095,88096],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[35,88098,88100],{"className":37,"code":88099,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88101,88102,88108],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88103,88104,88106],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88105,34917],{"class":1384},[44,88107,88078],{"class":50},[44,88109,88110,88112,88114,88116,88118,88121,88123,88126,88128,88130,88132,88134],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,88111,82],{"class":58},[44,88113,63],{"class":62},[44,88115,42439],{"class":97},[44,88117,504],{"class":62},[44,88119,88120],{"class":24579},"path",[44,88122,504],{"class":62},[44,88124,88125],{"class":97},"exists",[44,88127,63],{"class":62},[44,88129,67],{"class":66},[44,88131,86234],{"class":70},[44,88133,67],{"class":66},[44,88135,434],{"class":62},[20,88137,88138],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[35,88140,88142],{"className":37,"code":88141,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88143,88144,88150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88145,88146,88148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88147,34917],{"class":1384},[44,88149,88078],{"class":50},[44,88151,88152,88154,88156,88158,88160,88162,88164,88167,88169,88171,88173,88175],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,88153,82],{"class":58},[44,88155,63],{"class":62},[44,88157,42439],{"class":97},[44,88159,504],{"class":62},[44,88161,88120],{"class":24579},[44,88163,504],{"class":62},[44,88165,88166],{"class":97},"isfile",[44,88168,63],{"class":62},[44,88170,67],{"class":66},[44,88172,86234],{"class":70},[44,88174,67],{"class":66},[44,88176,434],{"class":62},[20,88178,88179],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[35,88181,88183],{"className":37,"code":88182,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88184,88185,88227],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88186,88187,88189,88191,88193,88195,88197,88199,88201,88203,88205,88207,88209,88211,88213,88215,88217,88219,88221,88223,88225],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88188,86224],{"class":1384},[44,88190,86227],{"class":58},[44,88192,63],{"class":62},[44,88194,67],{"class":66},[44,88196,86234],{"class":70},[44,88198,67],{"class":66},[44,88200,186],{"class":62},[44,88202,1438],{"class":66},[44,88204,60134],{"class":70},[44,88206,67],{"class":66},[44,88208,186],{"class":62},[44,88210,86249],{"class":8998},[44,88212,55],{"class":54},[44,88214,67],{"class":66},[44,88216,86256],{"class":70},[44,88218,67],{"class":66},[44,88220,3480],{"class":62},[44,88222,46982],{"class":1384},[44,88224,86266],{"class":86265},[44,88226,1388],{"class":62},[44,88228,88229,88231,88233,88235,88237,88239],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,88230,1416],{"class":58},[44,88232,63],{"class":62},[44,88234,86372],{"class":86265},[44,88236,504],{"class":62},[44,88238,86282],{"class":97},[44,88240,7025],{"class":62},[20,88242,88243],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[30,88245,1651],{"id":1650},[600,88247,88249],{"id":88248},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88251,88252],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[600,88254,88256],{"id":88255},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88258,88259,88260,88262],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88261,86224],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[600,88264,5007,88266,1126,88268,88270],{"id":88265},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88267,86620],{},[15,88269,17926],{}," mode?",[20,88272,88273,88275,88276,88278],{},[15,88274,86620],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88277,17926],{}," adds new content to the end.",[600,88280,88282],{"id":88281},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88284,88285],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[600,88287,88289],{"id":88288},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88291,88292,88293,88295],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88294,86600],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[30,88297,1719],{"id":1718},[126,88299,88300,88304,88308,88312,88316,88320,88324,88330],{},[129,88301,88302],{},[491,88303,87433],{"href":87432},[129,88305,88306],{},[491,88307,87638],{"href":87637},[129,88309,88310],{},[491,88311,87642],{"href":87641},[129,88313,88314],{},[491,88315,87437],{"href":87436},[129,88317,88318],{},[491,88319,88029],{"href":88028},[129,88321,88322],{},[491,88323,87861],{"href":87860},[129,88325,88326],{},[491,88327,87853,88328,87857],{"href":87852},[44,88329,87856],{},[129,88331,88332],{},[491,88333,87891,88334,87895],{"href":87890},[44,88335,87894],{},[1758,88337,88338],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":88340},[88341,88342,88343,88344,88345,88346,88347,88352,88353,88358,88364,88365,88366,88374],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":86307,"depth":79,"text":86308},{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":86604,"depth":79,"text":86605},{"id":86868,"depth":79,"text":86869},{"id":86992,"depth":79,"text":86993},{"id":87175,"depth":79,"text":87176,"children":88348},[88349,88350,88351],{"id":87185,"depth":419,"text":87186},{"id":87264,"depth":419,"text":87265},{"id":87347,"depth":419,"text":87348},{"id":87440,"depth":79,"text":87441},{"id":87645,"depth":79,"text":87646,"children":88354},[88355,88356,88357],{"id":87652,"depth":419,"text":86600},{"id":87736,"depth":419,"text":87736},{"id":87747,"depth":419,"text":87747},{"id":87758,"depth":79,"text":87759,"children":88359},[88360,88361,88362,88363],{"id":87765,"depth":419,"text":87768},{"id":87864,"depth":419,"text":87867},{"id":87898,"depth":419,"text":87901},{"id":87981,"depth":419,"text":87984},{"id":87998,"depth":79,"text":87999},{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":88367},[88368,88369,88370,88372,88373],{"id":88248,"depth":419,"text":88249},{"id":88255,"depth":419,"text":88256},{"id":88265,"depth":419,"text":88371},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88281,"depth":419,"text":88282},{"id":88288,"depth":419,"text":88289},{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86195,"description":88375},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88382,"title":88383,"body":88384,"description":90379,"extension":1796,"meta":90380,"navigation":807,"path":90381,"seo":90382,"stem":90383,"__hash__":90384},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88385,"toc":90326},[88386,88391,88396,88402,88404,88472,88474,88493,88498,88503,88508,88511,88523,88525,88568,88570,88588,88599,88601,88603,88628,88630,88641,88643,88703,88705,88731,88734,88738,88743,88747,88750,88784,88788,88791,88816,88820,88843,88847,88880,88885,88889,88894,88897,88965,88967,88991,88996,88999,89030,89032,89064,89081,89085,89090,89114,89121,89126,89131,89134,89138,89173,89175,89184,89188,89279,89281,89312,89317,89324,89329,89338,89341,89375,89377,89391,89395,89436,89438,89447,89451,89499,89501,89515,89520,89531,89538,89544,89546,89581,89583,89597,89600,89622,89628,89657,89668,89674,89680,89694,89696,89775,89777,89827,89834,89836,89841,89845,89848,89863,89868,89870,89889,89895,89898,89913,89915,89933,89939,89944,89974,89977,90000,90003,90030,90037,90043,90051,90074,90079,90087,90089,90109,90113,90119,90169,90172,90194,90196,90202,90210,90216,90222,90230,90235,90239,90242,90265,90270,90277,90289,90291,90323],[10,88387,13,88389,18],{"id":88388},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88390,1756],{},[20,88392,32143,88393,88395],{},[15,88394,1756],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88397,88398,88399,88401],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88400,1756],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[30,88403,33],{"id":32},[35,88405,88407],{"className":37,"code":88406,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88408,88409,88421,88430,88434,88444,88454],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88410,88411,88413,88415,88417,88419],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88412,51],{"class":50},[44,88414,55],{"class":54},[44,88416,1438],{"class":66},[44,88418,7751],{"class":70},[44,88420,3176],{"class":66},[44,88422,88423,88425,88427],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,88424,390],{"class":50},[44,88426,55],{"class":54},[44,88428,88429],{"class":452}," 12\n",[44,88431,88432],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,88433,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,88435,88436,88438,88440,88442],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,88437,82],{"class":58},[44,88439,63],{"class":62},[44,88441,652],{"class":97},[44,88443,76],{"class":62},[44,88445,88446,88448,88450,88452],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,88447,82],{"class":58},[44,88449,63],{"class":62},[44,88451,414],{"class":97},[44,88453,76],{"class":62},[44,88455,88456,88458,88460,88462,88464,88466,88468,88470],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,88457,82],{"class":58},[44,88459,63],{"class":62},[44,88461,67],{"class":66},[44,88463,34693],{"class":70},[44,88465,67],{"class":66},[44,88467,186],{"class":62},[44,88469,98],{"class":97},[44,88471,76],{"class":62},[20,88473,1031],{},[35,88475,88477],{"className":37,"code":88476,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88478,88479,88484,88488],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88480,88481],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88482,88483],{"class":50},"Mia\n",[44,88485,88486],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,88487,2054],{"class":452},[44,88489,88490],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,88491,88492],{"class":50},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88494,103,88495,88497],{},[15,88496,1756],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[30,88499,113,88501,116],{"id":88500},"what-print-does",[15,88502,1756],{},[20,88504,88505,88507],{},[15,88506,1756],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88509,88510],{},"You can use it to display:",[126,88512,88513,88515,88517,88520],{},[129,88514,34535],{},[129,88516,3467],{},[129,88518,88519],{},"variables",[129,88521,88522],{},"expressions",[20,88524,145],{},[35,88526,88528],{"className":37,"code":88527,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88529,88530,88544,88554],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88531,88532,88534,88536,88538,88540,88542],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88533,82],{"class":58},[44,88535,63],{"class":62},[44,88537,67],{"class":66},[44,88539,34693],{"class":70},[44,88541,67],{"class":66},[44,88543,76],{"class":62},[44,88545,88546,88548,88550,88552],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,88547,82],{"class":58},[44,88549,63],{"class":62},[44,88551,1129],{"class":452},[44,88553,76],{"class":62},[44,88555,88556,88558,88560,88562,88564,88566],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,88557,82],{"class":58},[44,88559,63],{"class":62},[44,88561,1889],{"class":452},[44,88563,94],{"class":54},[44,88565,2282],{"class":452},[44,88567,76],{"class":62},[20,88569,1031],{},[35,88571,88573],{"className":37,"code":88572,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88574,88575,88580,88584],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88576,88577],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88578,88579],{"class":50},"Hello\n",[44,88581,88582],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,88583,2766],{"class":452},[44,88585,88586],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,88587,2766],{"class":452},[20,88589,88590,88591,88593,88594,88598],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88592,1756],{}," ",[3563,88595,3511,88596],{},[15,88597,3599],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[30,88600,250],{"id":249},[20,88602,30552],{},[35,88604,88606],{"className":37,"code":88605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88607,88608],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88609,88610,88612,88614,88617,88619,88622,88624,88626],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88611,82],{"class":58},[44,88613,63],{"class":62},[44,88615,88616],{"class":97},"object1",[44,88618,186],{"class":62},[44,88620,88621],{"class":97}," object2",[44,88623,186],{"class":62},[44,88625,34280],{"class":58},[44,88627,76],{"class":62},[20,88629,79833],{},[126,88631,88632,88635,88638],{},[129,88633,88634],{},"one value",[129,88636,88637],{},"many values",[129,88639,88640],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88642,145],{},[35,88644,88646],{"className":37,"code":88645,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88647,88648,88662,88681],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88649,88650,88652,88654,88656,88658,88660],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88651,82],{"class":58},[44,88653,63],{"class":62},[44,88655,67],{"class":66},[44,88657,57396],{"class":70},[44,88659,67],{"class":66},[44,88661,76],{"class":62},[44,88663,88664,88666,88668,88670,88673,88675,88677,88679],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,88665,82],{"class":58},[44,88667,63],{"class":62},[44,88669,67],{"class":66},[44,88671,88672],{"class":70},"Score:",[44,88674,67],{"class":66},[44,88676,186],{"class":62},[44,88678,5834],{"class":452},[44,88680,76],{"class":62},[44,88682,88683,88685,88687,88689,88691,88693,88695,88697,88699,88701],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,88684,82],{"class":58},[44,88686,63],{"class":62},[44,88688,67],{"class":66},[44,88690,820],{"class":70},[44,88692,67],{"class":66},[44,88694,186],{"class":62},[44,88696,2287],{"class":452},[44,88698,94],{"class":54},[44,88700,37469],{"class":452},[44,88702,76],{"class":62},[20,88704,1031],{},[35,88706,88708],{"className":37,"code":88707,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,88709,88710,88714,88723],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88711,88712],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88713,84986],{"class":50},[44,88715,88716,88719,88721],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,88717,88718],{"class":50},"Score",[44,88720,449],{"class":62},[44,88722,2412],{"class":452},[44,88724,88725,88727,88729],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,88726,861],{"class":50},[44,88728,449],{"class":62},[44,88730,2412],{"class":452},[20,88732,88733],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[30,88735,88737],{"id":88736},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,88739,88740,88741,504],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,88742,1756],{},[600,88744,88746],{"id":88745},"print-text","Print text",[20,88748,88749],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[35,88751,88753],{"className":37,"code":88752,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,88754,88755,88769],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88756,88757,88759,88761,88763,88765,88767],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88758,82],{"class":58},[44,88760,63],{"class":62},[44,88762,67],{"class":66},[44,88764,34693],{"class":70},[44,88766,67],{"class":66},[44,88768,76],{"class":62},[44,88770,88771,88773,88775,88777,88780,88782],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,88772,82],{"class":58},[44,88774,63],{"class":62},[44,88776,67],{"class":66},[44,88778,88779],{"class":70},"Python is fun",[44,88781,67],{"class":66},[44,88783,76],{"class":62},[600,88785,88787],{"id":88786},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,88789,88790],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[35,88792,88794],{"className":37,"code":88793,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,88795,88796,88806],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88797,88798,88800,88802,88804],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88799,82],{"class":58},[44,88801,63],{"class":62},[44,88803,1129],{"class":452},[44,88805,76],{"class":62},[44,88807,88808,88810,88812,88814],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,88809,82],{"class":58},[44,88811,63],{"class":62},[44,88813,39968],{"class":452},[44,88815,76],{"class":62},[600,88817,88819],{"id":88818},"print-variables","Print variables",[35,88821,88823],{"className":37,"code":88822,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,88824,88825,88833],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88826,88827,88829,88831],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88828,4923],{"class":50},[44,88830,55],{"class":54},[44,88832,13957],{"class":452},[44,88834,88835,88837,88839,88841],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,88836,82],{"class":58},[44,88838,63],{"class":62},[44,88840,85150],{"class":97},[44,88842,76],{"class":62},[600,88844,88846],{"id":88845},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[35,88848,88850],{"className":37,"code":88849,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,88851,88852,88866],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88853,88854,88856,88858,88860,88862,88864],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88855,82],{"class":58},[44,88857,63],{"class":62},[44,88859,1889],{"class":452},[44,88861,94],{"class":54},[44,88863,2282],{"class":452},[44,88865,76],{"class":62},[44,88867,88868,88870,88872,88874,88876,88878],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,88869,82],{"class":58},[44,88871,63],{"class":62},[44,88873,2161],{"class":452},[44,88875,82462],{"class":54},[44,88877,2287],{"class":452},[44,88879,76],{"class":62},[20,88881,88882,88883,504],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[491,88884,50602],{"href":50601},[30,88886,88888],{"id":88887},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,88890,88891,88893],{},[15,88892,1756],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,88895,88896],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[35,88898,88900],{"className":37,"code":88899,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88901,88902,88915,88923,88927,88946],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88903,88904,88906,88908,88910,88913],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88905,51],{"class":50},[44,88907,55],{"class":54},[44,88909,1438],{"class":66},[44,88911,88912],{"class":70},"Ava",[44,88914,3176],{"class":66},[44,88916,88917,88919,88921],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,88918,390],{"class":50},[44,88920,55],{"class":54},[44,88922,2412],{"class":452},[44,88924,88925],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,88926,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,88928,88929,88931,88933,88935,88938,88940,88942,88944],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,88930,82],{"class":58},[44,88932,63],{"class":62},[44,88934,67],{"class":66},[44,88936,88937],{"class":70},"Name:",[44,88939,67],{"class":66},[44,88941,186],{"class":62},[44,88943,98],{"class":97},[44,88945,76],{"class":62},[44,88947,88948,88950,88952,88954,88957,88959,88961,88963],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,88949,82],{"class":58},[44,88951,63],{"class":62},[44,88953,67],{"class":66},[44,88955,88956],{"class":70},"Age:",[44,88958,67],{"class":66},[44,88960,186],{"class":62},[44,88962,9011],{"class":97},[44,88964,76],{"class":62},[20,88966,1031],{},[35,88968,88970],{"className":37,"code":88969,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,88971,88972,88982],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88973,88974,88977,88979],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88975,88976],{"class":50},"Name",[44,88978,449],{"class":62},[44,88980,88981],{"class":50}," Ava\n",[44,88983,88984,88987,88989],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,88985,88986],{"class":50},"Age",[44,88988,449],{"class":62},[44,88990,2412],{"class":452},[20,88992,88993,88994,504],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,88995,708],{},[20,88997,88998],{},"For example, this works:",[35,89000,89002],{"className":37,"code":89001,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89003,89004,89012],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89005,89006,89008,89010],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89007,390],{"class":50},[44,89009,55],{"class":54},[44,89011,2412],{"class":452},[44,89013,89014,89016,89018,89020,89022,89024,89026,89028],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,89015,82],{"class":58},[44,89017,63],{"class":62},[44,89019,67],{"class":66},[44,89021,88956],{"class":70},[44,89023,67],{"class":66},[44,89025,186],{"class":62},[44,89027,9011],{"class":97},[44,89029,76],{"class":62},[20,89031,36752],{},[35,89033,89035],{"className":37,"code":89034,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89036,89037,89045],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89038,89039,89041,89043],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89040,390],{"class":50},[44,89042,55],{"class":54},[44,89044,2412],{"class":452},[44,89046,89047,89049,89051,89053,89056,89058,89060,89062],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,89048,82],{"class":58},[44,89050,63],{"class":62},[44,89052,67],{"class":66},[44,89054,89055],{"class":70},"Age: ",[44,89057,67],{"class":66},[44,89059,94],{"class":54},[44,89061,9011],{"class":97},[44,89063,76],{"class":62},[20,89065,89066,89067,89070,89071,89073,89074,89076,89077,504],{},"That fails because ",[15,89068,89069],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89072,414],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89075,708],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[491,89078,89079],{"href":41990},[15,89080,47308],{},[30,89082,89084],{"id":89083},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89086,89087,89089],{},[15,89088,1756],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[126,89091,89092,89098,89103,89108],{},[129,89093,89094,89097],{},[15,89095,89096],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[129,89099,89100,89102],{},[15,89101,52287],{}," controls what is added after the output",[129,89104,89105,89107],{},[15,89106,86372],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[129,89109,89110,89113],{},[15,89111,89112],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89115,89116,89117,1126,89119,504],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89118,89096],{},[15,89120,52287],{},[30,89122,89124,36441],{"id":89123},"sep-argument",[15,89125,89096],{},[20,89127,22,89128,89130],{},[15,89129,89096],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89132,89133],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[600,89135,89137],{"id":89136},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[35,89139,89141],{"className":37,"code":89140,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89142,89143],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89144,89145,89147,89149,89151,89153,89155,89157,89159,89161,89163,89165,89167,89169,89171],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89146,82],{"class":58},[44,89148,63],{"class":62},[44,89150,67],{"class":66},[44,89152,12918],{"class":70},[44,89154,67],{"class":66},[44,89156,186],{"class":62},[44,89158,1438],{"class":66},[44,89160,17285],{"class":70},[44,89162,67],{"class":66},[44,89164,186],{"class":62},[44,89166,1438],{"class":66},[44,89168,12935],{"class":70},[44,89170,67],{"class":66},[44,89172,76],{"class":62},[20,89174,1031],{},[35,89176,89178],{"className":37,"code":89177,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red green blue\n",[15,89179,89180],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89181,89182],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89183,89177],{"class":50},[600,89185,89187],{"id":89186},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[35,89189,89191],{"className":37,"code":89190,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89192,89193,89236],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89194,89195,89197,89199,89201,89203,89205,89207,89209,89211,89213,89215,89217,89219,89221,89223,89226,89228,89230,89232,89234],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89196,82],{"class":58},[44,89198,63],{"class":62},[44,89200,67],{"class":66},[44,89202,12918],{"class":70},[44,89204,67],{"class":66},[44,89206,186],{"class":62},[44,89208,1438],{"class":66},[44,89210,17285],{"class":70},[44,89212,67],{"class":66},[44,89214,186],{"class":62},[44,89216,1438],{"class":66},[44,89218,12935],{"class":70},[44,89220,67],{"class":66},[44,89222,186],{"class":62},[44,89224,89225],{"class":8998}," sep",[44,89227,55],{"class":54},[44,89229,67],{"class":66},[44,89231,186],{"class":70},[44,89233,67],{"class":66},[44,89235,76],{"class":62},[44,89237,89238,89240,89242,89244,89246,89248,89250,89252,89254,89256,89258,89260,89262,89264,89266,89268,89270,89272,89275,89277],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,89239,82],{"class":58},[44,89241,63],{"class":62},[44,89243,67],{"class":66},[44,89245,12918],{"class":70},[44,89247,67],{"class":66},[44,89249,186],{"class":62},[44,89251,1438],{"class":66},[44,89253,17285],{"class":70},[44,89255,67],{"class":66},[44,89257,186],{"class":62},[44,89259,1438],{"class":66},[44,89261,12935],{"class":70},[44,89263,67],{"class":66},[44,89265,186],{"class":62},[44,89267,89225],{"class":8998},[44,89269,55],{"class":54},[44,89271,67],{"class":66},[44,89273,89274],{"class":70}," - ",[44,89276,67],{"class":66},[44,89278,76],{"class":62},[20,89280,1031],{},[35,89282,89284],{"className":37,"code":89283,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89285,89286,89298],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89287,89288,89290,89292,89294,89296],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89289,12918],{"class":50},[44,89291,186],{"class":62},[44,89293,17285],{"class":50},[44,89295,186],{"class":62},[44,89297,69611],{"class":50},[44,89299,89300,89303,89305,89308,89310],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,89301,89302],{"class":50},"red ",[44,89304,1854],{"class":54},[44,89306,89307],{"class":50}," green ",[44,89309,1854],{"class":54},[44,89311,216],{"class":50},[20,89313,89314,89316],{},[15,89315,89096],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89318,89319,89320,504],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[491,89321,89323],{"href":89322},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[30,89325,89327,36441],{"id":89326},"end-argument",[15,89328,52287],{},[20,89330,89331,89332,89334,89335,89337],{},"By default, ",[15,89333,1756],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89336,1756],{}," starts on a new line.",[600,89339,89137],{"id":89340},"default-behavior-1",[35,89342,89344],{"className":37,"code":89343,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89345,89346,89360],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89347,89348,89350,89352,89354,89356,89358],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89349,82],{"class":58},[44,89351,63],{"class":62},[44,89353,67],{"class":66},[44,89355,34693],{"class":70},[44,89357,67],{"class":66},[44,89359,76],{"class":62},[44,89361,89362,89364,89366,89368,89371,89373],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,89363,82],{"class":58},[44,89365,63],{"class":62},[44,89367,67],{"class":66},[44,89369,89370],{"class":70},"World",[44,89372,67],{"class":66},[44,89374,76],{"class":62},[20,89376,1031],{},[35,89378,89380],{"className":37,"code":89379,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89381,89382,89386],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89383,89384],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89385,88579],{"class":50},[44,89387,89388],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,89389,89390],{"class":50},"World\n",[600,89392,89394],{"id":89393},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[35,89396,89398],{"className":37,"code":89397,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89399,89400,89422],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89401,89402,89404,89406,89408,89410,89412,89414,89416,89418,89420],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89403,82],{"class":58},[44,89405,63],{"class":62},[44,89407,67],{"class":66},[44,89409,34693],{"class":70},[44,89411,67],{"class":66},[44,89413,186],{"class":62},[44,89415,64670],{"class":8998},[44,89417,55],{"class":54},[44,89419,6101],{"class":66},[44,89421,76],{"class":62},[44,89423,89424,89426,89428,89430,89432,89434],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,89425,82],{"class":58},[44,89427,63],{"class":62},[44,89429,67],{"class":66},[44,89431,89370],{"class":70},[44,89433,67],{"class":66},[44,89435,76],{"class":62},[20,89437,1031],{},[35,89439,89441],{"className":37,"code":89440,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89442,89443],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89444,89445],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89446,89440],{"class":50},[600,89448,89450],{"id":89449},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[35,89452,89454],{"className":37,"code":89453,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89455,89456,89485],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89457,89458,89460,89462,89464,89466,89468,89470,89472,89474,89476,89479,89481,89483],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89459,82],{"class":58},[44,89461,63],{"class":62},[44,89463,67],{"class":66},[44,89465,34693],{"class":70},[44,89467,67],{"class":66},[44,89469,186],{"class":62},[44,89471,64670],{"class":8998},[44,89473,55],{"class":54},[44,89475,67],{"class":66},[44,89477,89478],{"class":70},"!",[44,89480,86783],{"class":34279},[44,89482,67],{"class":66},[44,89484,76],{"class":62},[44,89486,89487,89489,89491,89493,89495,89497],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,89488,82],{"class":58},[44,89490,63],{"class":62},[44,89492,67],{"class":66},[44,89494,89370],{"class":70},[44,89496,67],{"class":66},[44,89498,76],{"class":62},[20,89500,1031],{},[35,89502,89504],{"className":37,"code":89503,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89505,89506,89511],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89507,89508],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89509,89510],{"class":50},"Hello!\n",[44,89512,89513],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,89514,89390],{"class":50},[20,89516,22,89517,89519],{},[15,89518,52287],{}," argument is useful for:",[126,89521,89522,89525,89528],{},[129,89523,89524],{},"progress messages",[129,89526,89527],{},"inline output",[129,89529,89530],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[30,89532,89534,2228,89536],{"id":89533},"print-returns-none",[15,89535,1756],{},[15,89537,3599],{},[20,89539,89540,89541,89543],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89542,1756],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89545,145],{},[35,89547,89549],{"className":37,"code":89548,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89550,89551,89571],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89552,89553,89555,89557,89560,89562,89564,89567,89569],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89554,2059],{"class":50},[44,89556,55],{"class":54},[44,89558,89559],{"class":58}," print",[44,89561,63],{"class":62},[44,89563,67],{"class":66},[44,89565,89566],{"class":70},"Hi",[44,89568,67],{"class":66},[44,89570,76],{"class":62},[44,89572,89573,89575,89577,89579],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,89574,82],{"class":58},[44,89576,63],{"class":62},[44,89578,2094],{"class":97},[44,89580,76],{"class":62},[20,89582,1031],{},[35,89584,89586],{"className":37,"code":89585,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89587,89588,89593],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89589,89590],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89591,89592],{"class":50},"Hi\n",[44,89594,89595],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,89596,11633],{"class":3674},[20,89598,89599],{},"Why does this happen?",[126,89601,89602,89610,89615],{},[129,89603,89604,89607,89608],{},[15,89605,89606],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89609,89566],{},[129,89611,89612,89613],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89614,3599],{},[129,89616,89617,89618,11745,89620],{},"so ",[15,89619,2094],{},[15,89621,3599],{},[20,89623,89624,89625,89627],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89626,1756],{}," call.",[35,89629,89631],{"className":37,"code":89630,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89632,89633,89646],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89634,89635,89638,89640,89642,89644],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89636,89637],{"class":50},"message ",[44,89639,55],{"class":54},[44,89641,1438],{"class":66},[44,89643,89566],{"class":70},[44,89645,3176],{"class":66},[44,89647,89648,89650,89652,89655],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,89649,82],{"class":58},[44,89651,63],{"class":62},[44,89653,89654],{"class":97},"message",[44,89656,76],{"class":62},[20,89658,89659,89660,89662,89663,89667],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89661,1756],{}," with functions like ",[491,89664,89665],{"href":8047},[15,89666,17],{},", which do return a value.",[30,89669,89671,89672],{"id":89670},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89673,1756],{},[20,89675,89676,89677,89679],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89678,1756],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[126,89681,89682,89685,89688,89691],{},[129,89683,89684],{},"to display results to the user",[129,89686,89687],{},"to show messages in a script",[129,89689,89690],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[129,89692,89693],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,89695,145],{},[35,89697,89699],{"className":37,"code":89698,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,89700,89701,89709,89713,89733,89744],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89702,89703,89705,89707],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89704,791],{"class":50},[44,89706,55],{"class":54},[44,89708,38339],{"class":452},[44,89710,89711],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,89712,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,89714,89715,89717,89719,89721,89723,89725,89727,89729,89731],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,89716,5787],{"class":1384},[44,89718,6216],{"class":50},[44,89720,3705],{"class":1384},[44,89722,53697],{"class":58},[44,89724,63],{"class":62},[44,89726,2807],{"class":452},[44,89728,186],{"class":62},[44,89730,2287],{"class":452},[44,89732,8167],{"class":62},[44,89734,89735,89738,89741],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,89736,89737],{"class":50},"    total ",[44,89739,89740],{"class":54},"+=",[44,89742,89743],{"class":50}," number\n",[44,89745,89746,89748,89750,89752,89755,89757,89759,89761,89763,89765,89767,89769,89771,89773],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,89747,1416],{"class":58},[44,89749,63],{"class":62},[44,89751,67],{"class":66},[44,89753,89754],{"class":70},"Current number:",[44,89756,67],{"class":66},[44,89758,186],{"class":62},[44,89760,2026],{"class":97},[44,89762,186],{"class":62},[44,89764,1438],{"class":66},[44,89766,820],{"class":70},[44,89768,67],{"class":66},[44,89770,186],{"class":62},[44,89772,827],{"class":97},[44,89774,76],{"class":62},[20,89776,1031],{},[35,89778,89780],{"className":37,"code":89779,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,89781,89782,89798,89812],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89783,89784,89787,89789,89791,89794,89796],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89785,89786],{"class":50},"Current number",[44,89788,449],{"class":62},[44,89790,711],{"class":452},[44,89792,89793],{"class":50}," Total",[44,89795,449],{"class":62},[44,89797,29445],{"class":452},[44,89799,89800,89802,89804,89806,89808,89810],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,89801,89786],{"class":50},[44,89803,449],{"class":62},[44,89805,2812],{"class":452},[44,89807,89793],{"class":50},[44,89809,449],{"class":62},[44,89811,856],{"class":452},[44,89813,89814,89816,89818,89820,89822,89824],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,89815,89786],{"class":50},[44,89817,449],{"class":62},[44,89819,2282],{"class":452},[44,89821,89793],{"class":50},[44,89823,449],{"class":62},[44,89825,89826],{"class":452}," 6\n",[20,89828,89829,89830,504],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[491,89831,89833],{"href":89832},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[30,89835,1486],{"id":1485},[20,89837,89838,89839,504],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,89840,1756],{},[600,89842,89844],{"id":89843},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,89846,89847],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[35,89849,89851],{"className":37,"code":89850,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(Hello)\n",[15,89852,89853],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89854,89855,89857,89859,89861],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89856,82],{"class":58},[44,89858,63],{"class":62},[44,89860,34693],{"class":97},[44,89862,76],{"class":62},[20,89864,8700,89865,89867],{},[15,89866,34693],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,89869,10631],{},[35,89871,89873],{"className":37,"code":89872,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,89874,89875],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89876,89877,89879,89881,89883,89885,89887],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89878,82],{"class":58},[44,89880,63],{"class":62},[44,89882,67],{"class":66},[44,89884,34693],{"class":70},[44,89886,67],{"class":66},[44,89888,76],{"class":62},[600,89890,8243,89892,89894],{"id":89891},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,89893,82],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,89896,89897],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[35,89899,89901],{"className":37,"code":89900,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,89902,89903],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89904,89905,89907,89909,89911],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89906,82],{"class":58},[44,89908,1438],{"class":66},[44,89910,34693],{"class":70},[44,89912,3176],{"class":66},[20,89914,10631],{},[35,89916,89917],{"className":37,"code":89872,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,89918,89919],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89920,89921,89923,89925,89927,89929,89931],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89922,82],{"class":58},[44,89924,63],{"class":62},[44,89926,67],{"class":66},[44,89928,34693],{"class":70},[44,89930,67],{"class":66},[44,89932,76],{"class":62},[600,89934,89936,89937],{"id":89935},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,89938,708],{},[20,89940,89941,89942,504],{},"This causes a ",[15,89943,2825],{},[35,89945,89946],{"className":37,"code":89034,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,89947,89948,89956],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89949,89950,89952,89954],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89951,390],{"class":50},[44,89953,55],{"class":54},[44,89955,2412],{"class":452},[44,89957,89958,89960,89962,89964,89966,89968,89970,89972],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,89959,82],{"class":58},[44,89961,63],{"class":62},[44,89963,67],{"class":66},[44,89965,89055],{"class":70},[44,89967,67],{"class":66},[44,89969,94],{"class":54},[44,89971,9011],{"class":97},[44,89973,76],{"class":62},[20,89975,89976],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[35,89978,89980],{"className":37,"code":89979,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89981,89982],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89983,89984,89986,89988,89990,89992,89994,89996,89998],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89985,82],{"class":58},[44,89987,63],{"class":62},[44,89989,67],{"class":66},[44,89991,88956],{"class":70},[44,89993,67],{"class":66},[44,89995,186],{"class":62},[44,89997,9011],{"class":97},[44,89999,76],{"class":62},[20,90001,90002],{},"Or convert the number first:",[35,90004,90006],{"className":37,"code":90005,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90007,90008],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90009,90010,90012,90014,90016,90018,90020,90022,90024,90026,90028],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90011,82],{"class":58},[44,90013,63],{"class":62},[44,90015,67],{"class":66},[44,90017,89055],{"class":70},[44,90019,67],{"class":66},[44,90021,94],{"class":54},[44,90023,48529],{"class":426},[44,90025,63],{"class":62},[44,90027,414],{"class":97},[44,90029,434],{"class":62},[20,90031,90032,90033,504],{},"If you see this error, read ",[491,90034,90036],{"href":90035},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[600,90038,8279,90040,90042],{"id":90039},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90041,1756],{}," to return a value",[20,90044,90045,90046,35156,90049,449],{},"This does not store ",[15,90047,90048],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90050,2094],{},[35,90052,90054],{"className":37,"code":90053,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90055,90056],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90057,90058,90060,90062,90064,90066,90068,90070,90072],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90059,2059],{"class":50},[44,90061,55],{"class":54},[44,90063,89559],{"class":58},[44,90065,63],{"class":62},[44,90067,67],{"class":66},[44,90069,34693],{"class":70},[44,90071,67],{"class":66},[44,90073,76],{"class":62},[20,90075,90076,90077,504],{},"It stores ",[15,90078,3599],{},[600,90080,90082,90083,1126,90085],{"id":90081},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90084,89096],{},[15,90086,52287],{},[20,90088,85442],{},[126,90090,90091,90100],{},[129,90092,90093,90095,90096,90099],{},[15,90094,89096],{}," changes what goes ",[3563,90097,90098],{},"between"," multiple values",[129,90101,90102,90104,90105,90108],{},[15,90103,52287],{}," changes what appears ",[3563,90106,90107],{},"after"," the output",[30,90110,90112],{"id":90111},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90114,90115,90116,90118],{},"These simple ",[15,90117,1756],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[35,90120,90122],{"className":37,"code":90121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90123,90124,90144,90159],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90125,90126,90128,90130,90132,90135,90137,90139,90142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90127,82],{"class":58},[44,90129,63],{"class":62},[44,90131,67],{"class":66},[44,90133,90134],{"class":70},"Debug:",[44,90136,67],{"class":66},[44,90138,186],{"class":62},[44,90140,90141],{"class":97}," variable_name",[44,90143,76],{"class":62},[44,90145,90146,90148,90150,90152,90154,90157],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,90147,82],{"class":58},[44,90149,63],{"class":62},[44,90151,427],{"class":426},[44,90153,63],{"class":62},[44,90155,90156],{"class":97},"variable_name",[44,90158,434],{"class":62},[44,90160,90161,90163,90165,90167],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,90162,31978],{"class":58},[44,90164,63],{"class":62},[44,90166,82],{"class":58},[44,90168,76],{"class":62},[20,90170,90171],{},"What they do:",[126,90173,90174,90180,90186],{},[129,90175,90176,90179],{},[15,90177,90178],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[129,90181,90182,90185],{},[15,90183,90184],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[129,90187,90188,90191,90192],{},[15,90189,90190],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90193,1756],{},[30,90195,1651],{"id":1650},[600,90197,1655,90199,90201],{"id":90198},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90200,1756],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90203,90204,90205,90207,90208,36447],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90206,1756],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90209,52287],{},[600,90211,4997,90213,90215],{"id":90212},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90214,1756],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90217,90218,90219,90221],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90220,1756],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[600,90223,1683,90225,4988,90228,213],{"id":90224},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90226,90227],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90229,3599],{},[20,90231,1692,90232,90234],{},[15,90233,1756],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[600,90236,90238],{"id":90237},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90240,90241],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[35,90243,90245],{"className":37,"code":90244,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90246,90247],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90248,90249,90251,90253,90255,90257,90259,90261,90263],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90250,82],{"class":58},[44,90252,63],{"class":62},[44,90254,67],{"class":66},[44,90256,88956],{"class":70},[44,90258,67],{"class":66},[44,90260,186],{"class":62},[44,90262,5834],{"class":452},[44,90264,76],{"class":62},[20,90266,90267,90268,1667],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90269,47308],{},[600,90271,5007,90273,1126,90275,213],{"id":90272},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90274,89096],{},[15,90276,52287],{},[126,90278,90279,90284],{},[129,90280,90281,90283],{},[15,90282,89096],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[129,90285,90286,90288],{},[15,90287,52287],{}," changes what appears after the output",[30,90290,1719],{"id":1718},[126,90292,90293,90297,90303,90309,90314,90319],{},[129,90294,90295],{},[491,90296,50602],{"href":50601},[129,90298,90299],{},[491,90300,13,90301,1738],{"href":8047},[15,90302,17],{},[129,90304,90305],{},[491,90306,13,90307,1738],{"href":41990},[15,90308,47308],{},[129,90310,90311],{},[491,90312,90313],{"href":89322},"How to format strings in Python",[129,90315,90316],{},[491,90317,90318],{"href":89832},"How to debug Python code",[129,90320,90321],{},[491,90322,90036],{"href":90035},[1758,90324,90325],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":90327},[90328,90329,90331,90332,90338,90339,90340,90345,90351,90353,90355,90366,90367,90378],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":88500,"depth":79,"text":90330},"What print() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":88736,"depth":79,"text":88737,"children":90333},[90334,90335,90336,90337],{"id":88745,"depth":419,"text":88746},{"id":88786,"depth":419,"text":88787},{"id":88818,"depth":419,"text":88819},{"id":88845,"depth":419,"text":88846},{"id":88887,"depth":79,"text":88888},{"id":89083,"depth":79,"text":89084},{"id":89123,"depth":79,"text":90341,"children":90342},"sep argument",[90343,90344],{"id":89136,"depth":419,"text":89137},{"id":89186,"depth":419,"text":89187},{"id":89326,"depth":79,"text":90346,"children":90347},"end argument",[90348,90349,90350],{"id":89340,"depth":419,"text":89137},{"id":89393,"depth":419,"text":89394},{"id":89449,"depth":419,"text":89450},{"id":89533,"depth":79,"text":90352},"print() returns None",{"id":89670,"depth":79,"text":90354},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486,"children":90356},[90357,90358,90360,90362,90364],{"id":89843,"depth":419,"text":89844},{"id":89891,"depth":419,"text":90359},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":89935,"depth":419,"text":90361},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90039,"depth":419,"text":90363},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90081,"depth":419,"text":90365},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90111,"depth":79,"text":90112},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":90368},[90369,90371,90373,90375,90376],{"id":90198,"depth":419,"text":90370},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90212,"depth":419,"text":90372},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90224,"depth":419,"text":90374},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90237,"depth":419,"text":90238},{"id":90272,"depth":419,"text":90377},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88383,"description":90379},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90386,"title":90387,"body":90388,"description":92692,"extension":1796,"meta":92693,"navigation":807,"path":92694,"seo":92695,"stem":92696,"__hash__":92697},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90389,"toc":92638},[90390,90395,90400,90413,90415,90480,90491,90496,90501,90503,90526,90529,90560,90562,90579,90584,90590,90595,90644,90647,90664,90670,90675,90698,90700,90728,90734,90742,90769,90771,90796,90802,90805,90836,90838,90867,90871,90874,90879,90901,90903,90931,90937,90943,90969,90971,90995,91001,91007,91037,91039,91067,91077,91081,91087,91120,91122,91151,91154,91157,91190,91192,91200,91206,91208,91231,91236,91245,91250,91264,91266,91306,91308,91338,91342,91377,91383,91387,91431,91433,91463,91469,91472,91551,91553,91575,91583,91586,91649,91657,91732,91738,91745,91750,91755,91778,91780,91801,91803,91816,91818,91865,91867,91906,91915,91917,91921,91925,91928,91955,91958,91987,91990,92014,92017,92025,92031,92053,92055,92083,92087,92092,92147,92152,92154,92211,92218,92227,92230,92262,92264,92272,92275,92281,92283,92306,92309,92315,92318,92337,92339,92358,92361,92383,92385,92413,92417,92421,92526,92528,92541,92543,92549,92552,92560,92565,92571,92577,92582,92590,92596,92603,92605,92635],[10,90391,13,90393,18],{"id":90392},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90394,36023],{},[20,90396,32143,90397,90399],{},[15,90398,36023],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90401,90402,90403,90405,90406,90408,90409,90412],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90404,5787],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90407,36023],{}," stops ",[3563,90410,90411],{},"before"," the end value.",[30,90414,33],{"id":32},[35,90416,90418],{"className":37,"code":90417,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90419,90420,90436,90446,90450,90455,90460,90465,90470,90475],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90421,90422,90424,90426,90428,90430,90432,90434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90423,5787],{"class":1384},[44,90425,69178],{"class":50},[44,90427,3705],{"class":1384},[44,90429,53697],{"class":58},[44,90431,63],{"class":62},[44,90433,1129],{"class":452},[44,90435,8167],{"class":62},[44,90437,90438,90440,90442,90444],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,90439,1416],{"class":58},[44,90441,63],{"class":62},[44,90443,35979],{"class":97},[44,90445,76],{"class":62},[44,90447,90448],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,90449,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,90451,90452],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,90453,90454],{"class":3483},"# Output:\n",[44,90456,90457],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,90458,90459],{"class":3483},"# 0\n",[44,90461,90462],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,90463,90464],{"class":3483},"# 1\n",[44,90466,90467],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,90468,90469],{"class":3483},"# 2\n",[44,90471,90472],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,90473,90474],{"class":3483},"# 3\n",[44,90476,90477],{"class":46,"line":6261},[44,90478,90479],{"class":3483},"# 4\n",[20,90481,90482,90485,90486,90488,90489,504],{},[15,90483,90484],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90487,1951],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90490,1129],{},[30,90492,113,90494,116],{"id":90493},"what-range-does",[15,90495,36023],{},[20,90497,90498,90500],{},[15,90499,36023],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90502,12877],{},[126,90504,90505,90510,90516,90521],{},[129,90506,90507,90509],{},[15,90508,36023],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[129,90511,90512,90513,90515],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90514,5787],{}," loops",[129,90517,90518,90519],{},"The stop value is ",[3563,90520,64699],{},[129,90522,17251,90523,90525],{},[15,90524,59627],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90527,90528],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[35,90530,90532],{"className":37,"code":90531,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90533,90534,90550],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90535,90536,90538,90540,90542,90544,90546,90548],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90537,5787],{"class":1384},[44,90539,6216],{"class":50},[44,90541,3705],{"class":1384},[44,90543,53697],{"class":58},[44,90545,63],{"class":62},[44,90547,1894],{"class":452},[44,90549,8167],{"class":62},[44,90551,90552,90554,90556,90558],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,90553,1416],{"class":58},[44,90555,63],{"class":62},[44,90557,2069],{"class":97},[44,90559,76],{"class":62},[20,90561,1031],{},[35,90563,90565],{"className":37,"code":90564,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90566,90567,90571,90575],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90568,90569],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90570,46876],{"class":452},[44,90572,90573],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,90574,46541],{"class":452},[44,90576,90577],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,90578,16885],{"class":452},[20,90580,90581,90582,504],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[491,90583,35853],{"href":35852},[30,90585,90587,90589],{"id":90586},"range-syntax",[15,90588,36023],{}," syntax",[20,90591,90592,90594],{},[15,90593,36023],{}," has three common forms:",[35,90596,90598],{"className":37,"code":90597,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90599,90600,90610,90625],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90601,90602,90604,90606,90608],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90603,59627],{"class":58},[44,90605,63],{"class":62},[44,90607,75056],{"class":97},[44,90609,76],{"class":62},[44,90611,90612,90614,90616,90618,90620,90623],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,90613,59627],{"class":58},[44,90615,63],{"class":62},[44,90617,35897],{"class":97},[44,90619,186],{"class":62},[44,90621,90622],{"class":97}," stop",[44,90624,76],{"class":62},[44,90626,90627,90629,90631,90633,90635,90637,90639,90642],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,90628,59627],{"class":58},[44,90630,63],{"class":62},[44,90632,35897],{"class":97},[44,90634,186],{"class":62},[44,90636,90622],{"class":97},[44,90638,186],{"class":62},[44,90640,90641],{"class":97}," step",[44,90643,76],{"class":62},[20,90645,90646],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[126,90648,90649,90654,90659],{},[129,90650,90651,90653],{},[15,90652,35897],{}," = first number",[129,90655,90656,90658],{},[15,90657,75056],{}," = end limit, not included",[129,90660,90661,90663],{},[15,90662,75059],{}," = amount to move each time",[600,90665,90667],{"id":90666},"rangestop",[15,90668,90669],{},"range(stop)",[20,90671,90672,90673,504],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90674,1951],{},[35,90676,90678],{"className":37,"code":90677,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90679,90680],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90681,90682,90684,90686,90688,90690,90692,90694,90696],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90683,82],{"class":58},[44,90685,63],{"class":62},[44,90687,7921],{"class":426},[44,90689,63],{"class":62},[44,90691,59627],{"class":58},[44,90693,63],{"class":62},[44,90695,1129],{"class":452},[44,90697,2731],{"class":62},[20,90699,1031],{},[35,90701,90702],{"className":37,"code":59650,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90703,90704],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90705,90706,90708,90710,90712,90714,90716,90718,90720,90722,90724,90726],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90707,3723],{"class":62},[44,90709,1951],{"class":452},[44,90711,186],{"class":62},[44,90713,711],{"class":452},[44,90715,186],{"class":62},[44,90717,2812],{"class":452},[44,90719,186],{"class":62},[44,90721,2282],{"class":452},[44,90723,186],{"class":62},[44,90725,2287],{"class":452},[44,90727,3453],{"class":62},[600,90729,90731],{"id":90730},"rangestart-stop",[15,90732,90733],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,90735,90736,90737,90739,90740,504],{},"This starts at ",[15,90738,35897],{}," and stops before ",[15,90741,75056],{},[35,90743,90745],{"className":37,"code":90744,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,90746,90747],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90748,90749,90751,90753,90755,90757,90759,90761,90763,90765,90767],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90750,82],{"class":58},[44,90752,63],{"class":62},[44,90754,7921],{"class":426},[44,90756,63],{"class":62},[44,90758,59627],{"class":58},[44,90760,63],{"class":62},[44,90762,1889],{"class":452},[44,90764,186],{"class":62},[44,90766,37469],{"class":452},[44,90768,2731],{"class":62},[20,90770,1031],{},[35,90772,90774],{"className":37,"code":90773,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,90775,90776],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90777,90778,90780,90782,90784,90786,90788,90790,90792,90794],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90779,3723],{"class":62},[44,90781,1889],{"class":452},[44,90783,186],{"class":62},[44,90785,2282],{"class":452},[44,90787,186],{"class":62},[44,90789,2287],{"class":452},[44,90791,186],{"class":62},[44,90793,4431],{"class":452},[44,90795,3453],{"class":62},[600,90797,90799],{"id":90798},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,90800,90801],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,90803,90804],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[35,90806,90808],{"className":37,"code":90807,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,90809,90810],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90811,90812,90814,90816,90818,90820,90822,90824,90826,90828,90830,90832,90834],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90813,82],{"class":58},[44,90815,63],{"class":62},[44,90817,7921],{"class":426},[44,90819,63],{"class":62},[44,90821,59627],{"class":58},[44,90823,63],{"class":62},[44,90825,2807],{"class":452},[44,90827,186],{"class":62},[44,90829,5834],{"class":452},[44,90831,186],{"class":62},[44,90833,2812],{"class":452},[44,90835,2731],{"class":62},[20,90837,1031],{},[35,90839,90841],{"className":37,"code":90840,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,90842,90843],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90844,90845,90847,90849,90851,90853,90855,90857,90859,90861,90863,90865],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90846,3723],{"class":62},[44,90848,2807],{"class":452},[44,90850,186],{"class":62},[44,90852,2282],{"class":452},[44,90854,186],{"class":62},[44,90856,4431],{"class":452},[44,90858,186],{"class":62},[44,90860,5823],{"class":452},[44,90862,186],{"class":62},[44,90864,53763],{"class":452},[44,90866,3453],{"class":62},[30,90868,90870],{"id":90869},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,90872,90873],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[600,90875,90877],{"id":90876},"range5",[15,90878,90484],{},[35,90880,90881],{"className":37,"code":90677,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90882,90883],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90884,90885,90887,90889,90891,90893,90895,90897,90899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90886,82],{"class":58},[44,90888,63],{"class":62},[44,90890,7921],{"class":426},[44,90892,63],{"class":62},[44,90894,59627],{"class":58},[44,90896,63],{"class":62},[44,90898,1129],{"class":452},[44,90900,2731],{"class":62},[20,90902,1031],{},[35,90904,90905],{"className":37,"code":59650,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90906,90907],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90908,90909,90911,90913,90915,90917,90919,90921,90923,90925,90927,90929],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90910,3723],{"class":62},[44,90912,1951],{"class":452},[44,90914,186],{"class":62},[44,90916,711],{"class":452},[44,90918,186],{"class":62},[44,90920,2812],{"class":452},[44,90922,186],{"class":62},[44,90924,2282],{"class":452},[44,90926,186],{"class":62},[44,90928,2287],{"class":452},[44,90930,3453],{"class":62},[20,90932,90736,90933,90739,90935,504],{},[15,90934,1951],{},[15,90936,1129],{},[600,90938,90940],{"id":90939},"range2-6",[15,90941,90942],{},"range(2, 6)",[35,90944,90945],{"className":37,"code":90744,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90946,90947],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90948,90949,90951,90953,90955,90957,90959,90961,90963,90965,90967],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90950,82],{"class":58},[44,90952,63],{"class":62},[44,90954,7921],{"class":426},[44,90956,63],{"class":62},[44,90958,59627],{"class":58},[44,90960,63],{"class":62},[44,90962,1889],{"class":452},[44,90964,186],{"class":62},[44,90966,37469],{"class":452},[44,90968,2731],{"class":62},[20,90970,1031],{},[35,90972,90973],{"className":37,"code":90773,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90974,90975],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90976,90977,90979,90981,90983,90985,90987,90989,90991,90993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90978,3723],{"class":62},[44,90980,1889],{"class":452},[44,90982,186],{"class":62},[44,90984,2282],{"class":452},[44,90986,186],{"class":62},[44,90988,2287],{"class":452},[44,90990,186],{"class":62},[44,90992,4431],{"class":452},[44,90994,3453],{"class":62},[20,90996,90736,90997,90739,90999,504],{},[15,90998,1889],{},[15,91000,80224],{},[600,91002,91004],{"id":91003},"range1-10-2",[15,91005,91006],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[35,91008,91009],{"className":37,"code":90807,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91010,91011],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91012,91013,91015,91017,91019,91021,91023,91025,91027,91029,91031,91033,91035],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91014,82],{"class":58},[44,91016,63],{"class":62},[44,91018,7921],{"class":426},[44,91020,63],{"class":62},[44,91022,59627],{"class":58},[44,91024,63],{"class":62},[44,91026,2807],{"class":452},[44,91028,186],{"class":62},[44,91030,5834],{"class":452},[44,91032,186],{"class":62},[44,91034,2812],{"class":452},[44,91036,2731],{"class":62},[20,91038,1031],{},[35,91040,91041],{"className":37,"code":90840,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91042,91043],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91044,91045,91047,91049,91051,91053,91055,91057,91059,91061,91063,91065],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91046,3723],{"class":62},[44,91048,2807],{"class":452},[44,91050,186],{"class":62},[44,91052,2282],{"class":452},[44,91054,186],{"class":62},[44,91056,4431],{"class":452},[44,91058,186],{"class":62},[44,91060,5823],{"class":452},[44,91062,186],{"class":62},[44,91064,53763],{"class":452},[44,91066,3453],{"class":62},[20,91068,91069,91070,91072,91073,60930,91075,504],{},"This moves by ",[15,91071,1889],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91074,2807],{},[15,91076,1137],{},[600,91078,91080],{"id":91079},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91082,91083,91084,91086],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91085,36023],{}," count backward.",[35,91088,91090],{"className":37,"code":91089,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91091,91092],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91093,91094,91096,91098,91100,91102,91104,91106,91108,91110,91112,91114,91116,91118],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91095,82],{"class":58},[44,91097,63],{"class":62},[44,91099,7921],{"class":426},[44,91101,63],{"class":62},[44,91103,59627],{"class":58},[44,91105,63],{"class":62},[44,91107,1129],{"class":452},[44,91109,186],{"class":62},[44,91111,3655],{"class":452},[44,91113,186],{"class":62},[44,91115,2051],{"class":54},[44,91117,2807],{"class":452},[44,91119,2731],{"class":62},[20,91121,1031],{},[35,91123,91125],{"className":37,"code":91124,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91126,91127],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91128,91129,91131,91133,91135,91137,91139,91141,91143,91145,91147,91149],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91130,3723],{"class":62},[44,91132,1129],{"class":452},[44,91134,186],{"class":62},[44,91136,2287],{"class":452},[44,91138,186],{"class":62},[44,91140,2282],{"class":452},[44,91142,186],{"class":62},[44,91144,2812],{"class":452},[44,91146,186],{"class":62},[44,91148,711],{"class":452},[44,91150,3453],{"class":62},[20,91152,91153],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91155,91156],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[35,91158,91160],{"className":37,"code":91159,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91161,91162],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91163,91164,91166,91168,91170,91172,91174,91176,91178,91180,91182,91184,91186,91188],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91165,82],{"class":58},[44,91167,63],{"class":62},[44,91169,7921],{"class":426},[44,91171,63],{"class":62},[44,91173,59627],{"class":58},[44,91175,63],{"class":62},[44,91177,2807],{"class":452},[44,91179,186],{"class":62},[44,91181,4431],{"class":452},[44,91183,186],{"class":62},[44,91185,2051],{"class":54},[44,91187,2807],{"class":452},[44,91189,2731],{"class":62},[20,91191,1031],{},[35,91193,91194],{"className":37,"code":38123,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91195,91196],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91197,91198],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91199,38123],{"class":62},[600,91201,91202,76219,91204],{"id":76443},[15,91203,75059],{},[15,91205,1951],{},[20,91207,2660],{},[35,91209,91211],{"className":37,"code":91210,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91212,91213],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91214,91215,91217,91219,91221,91223,91225,91227,91229],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91216,59627],{"class":58},[44,91218,63],{"class":62},[44,91220,2807],{"class":452},[44,91222,186],{"class":62},[44,91224,4431],{"class":452},[44,91226,186],{"class":62},[44,91228,3655],{"class":452},[44,91230,76],{"class":62},[20,91232,76488,91233,91235],{},[15,91234,1144],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[30,91237,8243,91239,91241,91242,91244],{"id":91238},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91240,36023],{}," in a ",[15,91243,5787],{}," loop",[20,91246,91247,91249],{},[15,91248,36023],{}," is most useful when:",[126,91251,91252,91255,91258],{},[129,91253,91254],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[129,91256,91257],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[129,91259,91260,91261],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91262,91263],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91265,145],{},[35,91267,91269],{"className":37,"code":91268,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91270,91271,91287],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91272,91273,91275,91277,91279,91281,91283,91285],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91274,5787],{"class":1384},[44,91276,69178],{"class":50},[44,91278,3705],{"class":1384},[44,91280,53697],{"class":58},[44,91282,63],{"class":62},[44,91284,1894],{"class":452},[44,91286,8167],{"class":62},[44,91288,91289,91291,91293,91295,91298,91300,91302,91304],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,91290,1416],{"class":58},[44,91292,63],{"class":62},[44,91294,67],{"class":66},[44,91296,91297],{"class":70},"Loop number:",[44,91299,67],{"class":66},[44,91301,186],{"class":62},[44,91303,35954],{"class":97},[44,91305,76],{"class":62},[20,91307,1031],{},[35,91309,91311],{"className":37,"code":91310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91312,91313,91322,91330],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91314,91315,91318,91320],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91316,91317],{"class":50},"Loop number",[44,91319,449],{"class":62},[44,91321,38339],{"class":452},[44,91323,91324,91326,91328],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,91325,91317],{"class":50},[44,91327,449],{"class":62},[44,91329,29445],{"class":452},[44,91331,91332,91334,91336],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,91333,91317],{"class":50},[44,91335,449],{"class":62},[44,91337,846],{"class":452},[600,91339,91341],{"id":91340},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[35,91343,91345],{"className":37,"code":91344,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91346,91347,91363],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91348,91349,91351,91353,91355,91357,91359,91361],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91350,5787],{"class":1384},[44,91352,69178],{"class":50},[44,91354,3705],{"class":1384},[44,91356,53697],{"class":58},[44,91358,63],{"class":62},[44,91360,1129],{"class":452},[44,91362,8167],{"class":62},[44,91364,91365,91367,91369,91371,91373,91375],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,91366,1416],{"class":58},[44,91368,63],{"class":62},[44,91370,67],{"class":66},[44,91372,34693],{"class":70},[44,91374,67],{"class":66},[44,91376,76],{"class":62},[20,91378,91379,91380,91382],{},"This prints ",[15,91381,90048],{}," five times.",[600,91384,91386],{"id":91385},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[35,91388,91390],{"className":37,"code":91389,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91391,91392,91412],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91393,91394,91396,91398,91400,91402,91404,91406,91408,91410],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91395,5787],{"class":1384},[44,91397,69178],{"class":50},[44,91399,3705],{"class":1384},[44,91401,53697],{"class":58},[44,91403,63],{"class":62},[44,91405,2807],{"class":452},[44,91407,186],{"class":62},[44,91409,2287],{"class":452},[44,91411,8167],{"class":62},[44,91413,91414,91416,91418,91420,91423,91425,91427,91429],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,91415,1416],{"class":58},[44,91417,63],{"class":62},[44,91419,67],{"class":66},[44,91421,91422],{"class":70},"Current number is",[44,91424,67],{"class":66},[44,91426,186],{"class":62},[44,91428,35954],{"class":97},[44,91430,76],{"class":62},[20,91432,1031],{},[35,91434,91436],{"className":37,"code":91435,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91437,91438,91447,91455],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91439,91440,91443,91445],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91441,91442],{"class":50},"Current number ",[44,91444,206],{"class":54},[44,91446,29445],{"class":452},[44,91448,91449,91451,91453],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,91450,91442],{"class":50},[44,91452,206],{"class":54},[44,91454,846],{"class":452},[44,91456,91457,91459,91461],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,91458,91442],{"class":50},[44,91460,206],{"class":54},[44,91462,856],{"class":452},[600,91464,91466,91468],{"id":91465},"range-and-indexing",[15,91467,36023],{}," and indexing",[20,91470,91471],{},"You may see code like this:",[35,91473,91475],{"className":37,"code":91474,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91476,91477,91509,91513,91533],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91478,91479,91481,91483,91485,91487,91489,91491,91493,91495,91497,91499,91501,91503,91505,91507],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91480,7609],{"class":50},[44,91482,55],{"class":54},[44,91484,3440],{"class":62},[44,91486,67],{"class":66},[44,91488,491],{"class":70},[44,91490,67],{"class":66},[44,91492,186],{"class":62},[44,91494,1438],{"class":66},[44,91496,4587],{"class":70},[44,91498,67],{"class":66},[44,91500,186],{"class":62},[44,91502,1438],{"class":66},[44,91504,9561],{"class":70},[44,91506,67],{"class":66},[44,91508,3453],{"class":62},[44,91510,91511],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,91512,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,91514,91515,91517,91519,91521,91523,91525,91527,91529,91531],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,91516,5787],{"class":1384},[44,91518,69178],{"class":50},[44,91520,3705],{"class":1384},[44,91522,53697],{"class":58},[44,91524,63],{"class":62},[44,91526,10986],{"class":58},[44,91528,63],{"class":62},[44,91530,7640],{"class":97},[44,91532,69193],{"class":62},[44,91534,91535,91537,91539,91541,91543,91545,91547,91549],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,91536,1416],{"class":58},[44,91538,63],{"class":62},[44,91540,35979],{"class":97},[44,91542,186],{"class":62},[44,91544,5795],{"class":97},[44,91546,3723],{"class":62},[44,91548,35979],{"class":97},[44,91550,3711],{"class":62},[20,91552,1031],{},[35,91554,91555],{"className":37,"code":35991,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91556,91557,91563,91569],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91558,91559,91561],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91560,1951],{"class":452},[44,91562,36000],{"class":50},[44,91564,91565,91567],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,91566,2807],{"class":452},[44,91568,36007],{"class":50},[44,91570,91571,91573],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,91572,1889],{"class":452},[44,91574,36014],{"class":50},[20,91576,91577,91578,91582],{},"This works, and it uses ",[491,91579,91580],{"href":42172},[15,91581,42175],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91584,91585],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[35,91587,91589],{"className":37,"code":91588,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91590,91591,91623,91627,91639],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91592,91593,91595,91597,91599,91601,91603,91605,91607,91609,91611,91613,91615,91617,91619,91621],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91594,7609],{"class":50},[44,91596,55],{"class":54},[44,91598,3440],{"class":62},[44,91600,67],{"class":66},[44,91602,491],{"class":70},[44,91604,67],{"class":66},[44,91606,186],{"class":62},[44,91608,1438],{"class":66},[44,91610,4587],{"class":70},[44,91612,67],{"class":66},[44,91614,186],{"class":62},[44,91616,1438],{"class":66},[44,91618,9561],{"class":70},[44,91620,67],{"class":66},[44,91622,3453],{"class":62},[44,91624,91625],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,91626,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,91628,91629,91631,91633,91635,91637],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,91630,5787],{"class":1384},[44,91632,5790],{"class":50},[44,91634,3705],{"class":1384},[44,91636,5795],{"class":50},[44,91638,1388],{"class":62},[44,91640,91641,91643,91645,91647],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,91642,1416],{"class":58},[44,91644,63],{"class":62},[44,91646,23139],{"class":97},[44,91648,76],{"class":62},[20,91650,36418,91651,91656],{},[491,91652,91654],{"href":91653},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91655,35576],{}," is usually a better choice:",[35,91658,91660],{"className":37,"code":91659,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91661,91662,91694,91698,91718],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91663,91664,91666,91668,91670,91672,91674,91676,91678,91680,91682,91684,91686,91688,91690,91692],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91665,7609],{"class":50},[44,91667,55],{"class":54},[44,91669,3440],{"class":62},[44,91671,67],{"class":66},[44,91673,491],{"class":70},[44,91675,67],{"class":66},[44,91677,186],{"class":62},[44,91679,1438],{"class":66},[44,91681,4587],{"class":70},[44,91683,67],{"class":66},[44,91685,186],{"class":62},[44,91687,1438],{"class":66},[44,91689,9561],{"class":70},[44,91691,67],{"class":66},[44,91693,3453],{"class":62},[44,91695,91696],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,91697,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,91699,91700,91702,91704,91706,91708,91710,91712,91714,91716],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,91701,5787],{"class":1384},[44,91703,35648],{"class":50},[44,91705,186],{"class":62},[44,91707,5790],{"class":50},[44,91709,3705],{"class":1384},[44,91711,35658],{"class":58},[44,91713,63],{"class":62},[44,91715,7640],{"class":97},[44,91717,8167],{"class":62},[44,91719,91720,91722,91724,91726,91728,91730],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,91721,1416],{"class":58},[44,91723,63],{"class":62},[44,91725,35673],{"class":97},[44,91727,186],{"class":62},[44,91729,29337],{"class":97},[44,91731,76],{"class":62},[20,91733,78748,91734,504],{},[491,91735,36431,91736,36434],{"href":36430},[15,91737,35576],{},[30,91739,91741,91742,91744],{"id":91740},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,91743,36023],{}," to a list",[20,91746,91747,91749],{},[15,91748,36023],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,91751,91752,91753,449],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,91754,24610],{},[35,91756,91758],{"className":37,"code":91757,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,91759,91760],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91761,91762,91764,91766,91768,91770,91772,91774,91776],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91763,82],{"class":58},[44,91765,63],{"class":62},[44,91767,7921],{"class":426},[44,91769,63],{"class":62},[44,91771,59627],{"class":58},[44,91773,63],{"class":62},[44,91775,1894],{"class":452},[44,91777,2731],{"class":62},[20,91779,1031],{},[35,91781,91783],{"className":37,"code":91782,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,91784,91785],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91786,91787,91789,91791,91793,91795,91797,91799],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91788,3723],{"class":62},[44,91790,1951],{"class":452},[44,91792,186],{"class":62},[44,91794,711],{"class":452},[44,91796,186],{"class":62},[44,91798,2812],{"class":452},[44,91800,3453],{"class":62},[20,91802,33137],{},[126,91804,91805,91810,91813],{},[129,91806,91807,91808,41901],{},"learning how ",[15,91809,36023],{},[129,91811,91812],{},"checking your values",[129,91814,91815],{},"debugging code",[20,91817,5301],{},[35,91819,91821],{"className":37,"code":91820,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,91822,91823,91837,91841,91851],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91824,91825,91827,91829,91831,91833,91835],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91826,3435],{"class":50},[44,91828,55],{"class":54},[44,91830,53697],{"class":58},[44,91832,63],{"class":62},[44,91834,1125],{"class":452},[44,91836,76],{"class":62},[44,91838,91839],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,91840,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,91842,91843,91845,91847,91849],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,91844,82],{"class":58},[44,91846,63],{"class":62},[44,91848,3467],{"class":97},[44,91850,76],{"class":62},[44,91852,91853,91855,91857,91859,91861,91863],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,91854,82],{"class":58},[44,91856,63],{"class":62},[44,91858,7921],{"class":426},[44,91860,63],{"class":62},[44,91862,3467],{"class":97},[44,91864,434],{"class":62},[20,91866,1031],{},[35,91868,91870],{"className":37,"code":91869,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,91871,91872,91886],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91873,91874,91876,91878,91880,91882,91884],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91875,59627],{"class":58},[44,91877,63],{"class":62},[44,91879,1951],{"class":452},[44,91881,186],{"class":62},[44,91883,2287],{"class":452},[44,91885,76],{"class":62},[44,91887,91888,91890,91892,91894,91896,91898,91900,91902,91904],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,91889,3723],{"class":62},[44,91891,1951],{"class":452},[44,91893,186],{"class":62},[44,91895,711],{"class":452},[44,91897,186],{"class":62},[44,91899,2812],{"class":452},[44,91901,186],{"class":62},[44,91903,2282],{"class":452},[44,91905,3453],{"class":62},[20,91907,91908,91909,10408,91911,91914],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,91910,59627],{},[15,91912,91913],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[30,91916,4344],{"id":4343},[20,91918,33366,91919,504],{},[15,91920,36023],{},[600,91922,91924],{"id":91923},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,91926,91927],{},"Many beginners think this:",[35,91929,91931],{"className":37,"code":91930,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,91932,91933],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91934,91935,91937,91939,91941,91943,91945,91947,91949,91951,91953],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91936,82],{"class":58},[44,91938,63],{"class":62},[44,91940,7921],{"class":426},[44,91942,63],{"class":62},[44,91944,59627],{"class":58},[44,91946,63],{"class":62},[44,91948,2807],{"class":452},[44,91950,186],{"class":62},[44,91952,4431],{"class":452},[44,91954,2731],{"class":62},[20,91956,91957],{},"will produce:",[35,91959,91961],{"className":37,"code":91960,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91962,91963],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91964,91965,91967,91969,91971,91973,91975,91977,91979,91981,91983,91985],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91966,3723],{"class":62},[44,91968,2807],{"class":452},[44,91970,186],{"class":62},[44,91972,2812],{"class":452},[44,91974,186],{"class":62},[44,91976,2282],{"class":452},[44,91978,186],{"class":62},[44,91980,2287],{"class":452},[44,91982,186],{"class":62},[44,91984,4431],{"class":452},[44,91986,3453],{"class":62},[20,91988,91989],{},"But the real output is:",[35,91991,91992],{"className":37,"code":53132,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91993,91994],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91995,91996,91998,92000,92002,92004,92006,92008,92010,92012],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91997,3723],{"class":62},[44,91999,2807],{"class":452},[44,92001,186],{"class":62},[44,92003,2812],{"class":452},[44,92005,186],{"class":62},[44,92007,2282],{"class":452},[44,92009,186],{"class":62},[44,92011,2287],{"class":452},[44,92013,3453],{"class":62},[20,92015,92016],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[600,92018,4405,92020,92022,92023],{"id":92019},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92021,90484],{}," starts at ",[15,92024,2807],{},[20,92026,37293,92027,1134,92029,504],{},[15,92028,1951],{},[15,92030,2807],{},[35,92032,92033],{"className":37,"code":90677,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92034,92035],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92036,92037,92039,92041,92043,92045,92047,92049,92051],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92038,82],{"class":58},[44,92040,63],{"class":62},[44,92042,7921],{"class":426},[44,92044,63],{"class":62},[44,92046,59627],{"class":58},[44,92048,63],{"class":62},[44,92050,1129],{"class":452},[44,92052,2731],{"class":62},[20,92054,1031],{},[35,92056,92057],{"className":37,"code":59650,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92058,92059],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92060,92061,92063,92065,92067,92069,92071,92073,92075,92077,92079,92081],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92062,3723],{"class":62},[44,92064,1951],{"class":452},[44,92066,186],{"class":62},[44,92068,711],{"class":452},[44,92070,186],{"class":62},[44,92072,2812],{"class":452},[44,92074,186],{"class":62},[44,92076,2282],{"class":452},[44,92078,186],{"class":62},[44,92080,2287],{"class":452},[44,92082,3453],{"class":62},[600,92084,92086],{"id":92085},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92088,92089,92090,449],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92091,17],{},[35,92093,92095],{"className":37,"code":92094,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92096,92097,92116,92120,92137],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92098,92099,92102,92104,92106,92108,92110,92112,92114],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92100,92101],{"class":50},"user_number ",[44,92103,55],{"class":54},[44,92105,59],{"class":58},[44,92107,63],{"class":62},[44,92109,67],{"class":66},[44,92111,1010],{"class":70},[44,92113,67],{"class":66},[44,92115,76],{"class":62},[44,92117,92118],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,92119,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,92121,92122,92124,92126,92128,92130,92132,92135],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,92123,5787],{"class":1384},[44,92125,69178],{"class":50},[44,92127,3705],{"class":1384},[44,92129,53697],{"class":58},[44,92131,63],{"class":62},[44,92133,92134],{"class":97},"user_number",[44,92136,8167],{"class":62},[44,92138,92139,92141,92143,92145],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,92140,1416],{"class":58},[44,92142,63],{"class":62},[44,92144,35979],{"class":97},[44,92146,76],{"class":62},[20,92148,48135,92149,92151],{},[15,92150,17],{}," returns a string.",[20,92153,10631],{},[35,92155,92157],{"className":37,"code":92156,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92158,92159,92181,92185,92201],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92160,92161,92163,92165,92167,92169,92171,92173,92175,92177,92179],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92162,92101],{"class":50},[44,92164,55],{"class":54},[44,92166,520],{"class":426},[44,92168,63],{"class":62},[44,92170,263],{"class":58},[44,92172,63],{"class":62},[44,92174,67],{"class":66},[44,92176,1010],{"class":70},[44,92178,67],{"class":66},[44,92180,434],{"class":62},[44,92182,92183],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,92184,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,92186,92187,92189,92191,92193,92195,92197,92199],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,92188,5787],{"class":1384},[44,92190,69178],{"class":50},[44,92192,3705],{"class":1384},[44,92194,53697],{"class":58},[44,92196,63],{"class":62},[44,92198,92134],{"class":97},[44,92200,8167],{"class":62},[44,92202,92203,92205,92207,92209],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,92204,1416],{"class":58},[44,92206,63],{"class":62},[44,92208,35979],{"class":97},[44,92210,76],{"class":62},[20,92212,92213,92214,504],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[491,92215,50149,92216],{"href":50148},[15,92217,50152],{},[600,92219,92221,92222,92224,92225],{"id":92220},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92223,35897],{}," smaller than ",[15,92226,75056],{},[20,92228,92229],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[35,92231,92232],{"className":37,"code":91159,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92233,92234],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92235,92236,92238,92240,92242,92244,92246,92248,92250,92252,92254,92256,92258,92260],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92237,82],{"class":58},[44,92239,63],{"class":62},[44,92241,7921],{"class":426},[44,92243,63],{"class":62},[44,92245,59627],{"class":58},[44,92247,63],{"class":62},[44,92249,2807],{"class":452},[44,92251,186],{"class":62},[44,92253,4431],{"class":452},[44,92255,186],{"class":62},[44,92257,2051],{"class":54},[44,92259,2807],{"class":452},[44,92261,2731],{"class":62},[20,92263,1031],{},[35,92265,92266],{"className":37,"code":38123,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92267,92268],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92269,92270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92271,38123],{"class":62},[20,92273,92274],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[600,92276,25446,92278],{"id":92277},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92279,92280],{},"step = 0",[20,92282,77199],{},[35,92284,92286],{"className":37,"code":92285,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92287,92288],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92289,92290,92292,92294,92296,92298,92300,92302,92304],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92291,59627],{"class":58},[44,92293,63],{"class":62},[44,92295,2807],{"class":452},[44,92297,186],{"class":62},[44,92299,5834],{"class":452},[44,92301,186],{"class":62},[44,92303,3655],{"class":452},[44,92305,76],{"class":62},[20,92307,92308],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[600,92310,984,92312,92314],{"id":92311},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92313,36023],{}," is not a list",[20,92316,92317],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[35,92319,92321],{"className":37,"code":92320,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92322,92323],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92324,92325,92327,92329,92331,92333,92335],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92326,82],{"class":58},[44,92328,63],{"class":62},[44,92330,59627],{"class":58},[44,92332,63],{"class":62},[44,92334,1129],{"class":452},[44,92336,434],{"class":62},[20,92338,1031],{},[35,92340,92342],{"className":37,"code":92341,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92343,92344],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92345,92346,92348,92350,92352,92354,92356],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92347,59627],{"class":58},[44,92349,63],{"class":62},[44,92351,1951],{"class":452},[44,92353,186],{"class":62},[44,92355,4431],{"class":452},[44,92357,76],{"class":62},[20,92359,92360],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[35,92362,92363],{"className":37,"code":90677,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92364,92365],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92366,92367,92369,92371,92373,92375,92377,92379,92381],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92368,82],{"class":58},[44,92370,63],{"class":62},[44,92372,7921],{"class":426},[44,92374,63],{"class":62},[44,92376,59627],{"class":58},[44,92378,63],{"class":62},[44,92380,1129],{"class":452},[44,92382,2731],{"class":62},[20,92384,1031],{},[35,92386,92387],{"className":37,"code":59650,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92388,92389],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92390,92391,92393,92395,92397,92399,92401,92403,92405,92407,92409,92411],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92392,3723],{"class":62},[44,92394,1951],{"class":452},[44,92396,186],{"class":62},[44,92398,711],{"class":452},[44,92400,186],{"class":62},[44,92402,2812],{"class":452},[44,92404,186],{"class":62},[44,92406,2282],{"class":452},[44,92408,186],{"class":62},[44,92410,2287],{"class":452},[44,92412,3453],{"class":62},[30,92414,92416],{"id":92415},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92418,8700,92419,81970],{},[15,92420,36023],{},[35,92422,92424],{"className":37,"code":92423,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92425,92426,92440,92458,92480,92508],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92427,92428,92430,92432,92434,92436,92438],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92429,82],{"class":58},[44,92431,63],{"class":62},[44,92433,59627],{"class":58},[44,92435,63],{"class":62},[44,92437,1129],{"class":452},[44,92439,434],{"class":62},[44,92441,92442,92444,92446,92448,92450,92452,92454,92456],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,92443,82],{"class":58},[44,92445,63],{"class":62},[44,92447,7921],{"class":426},[44,92449,63],{"class":62},[44,92451,59627],{"class":58},[44,92453,63],{"class":62},[44,92455,1129],{"class":452},[44,92457,2731],{"class":62},[44,92459,92460,92462,92464,92466,92468,92470,92472,92474,92476,92478],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,92461,82],{"class":58},[44,92463,63],{"class":62},[44,92465,7921],{"class":426},[44,92467,63],{"class":62},[44,92469,59627],{"class":58},[44,92471,63],{"class":62},[44,92473,1889],{"class":452},[44,92475,186],{"class":62},[44,92477,6189],{"class":452},[44,92479,2731],{"class":62},[44,92481,92482,92484,92486,92488,92490,92492,92494,92496,92498,92500,92502,92504,92506],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,92483,82],{"class":58},[44,92485,63],{"class":62},[44,92487,7921],{"class":426},[44,92489,63],{"class":62},[44,92491,59627],{"class":58},[44,92493,63],{"class":62},[44,92495,2161],{"class":452},[44,92497,186],{"class":62},[44,92499,3655],{"class":452},[44,92501,186],{"class":62},[44,92503,2051],{"class":54},[44,92505,1889],{"class":452},[44,92507,2731],{"class":62},[44,92509,92510,92512,92514,92516,92518,92520,92522,92524],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,92511,82],{"class":58},[44,92513,63],{"class":62},[44,92515,427],{"class":426},[44,92517,63],{"class":62},[44,92519,59627],{"class":58},[44,92521,63],{"class":62},[44,92523,1129],{"class":452},[44,92525,2731],{"class":62},[20,92527,25838],{},[126,92529,92530,92533,92536],{},[129,92531,92532],{},"what values are being created",[129,92534,92535],{},"whether the direction is correct",[129,92537,92538,92539,24446],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92540,59627],{},[30,92542,1651],{"id":1650},[600,92544,1655,92546,92548],{"id":92545},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92547,36023],{}," include the last number?",[20,92550,92551],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[600,92553,1683,92555,92557,92558,213],{"id":92554},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92556,90484],{}," start at ",[15,92559,1951],{},[20,92561,92562,92563,504],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92564,1951],{},[600,92566,4997,92568,92570],{"id":92567},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92569,36023],{}," count backward?",[20,92572,92573,92574,504],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92575,92576],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[600,92578,14730,92580,25873],{"id":92579},"is-range-a-list",[15,92581,36023],{},[20,92583,25876,92584,92586,92587,23767],{},[15,92585,59627],{}," object. Use ",[15,92588,92589],{},"list(range(...))",[600,92591,1683,92593,48309],{"id":92592},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92594,92595],{},"range(input())",[20,92597,92598,3302,92600,504],{},[15,92599,17],{},[15,92601,92602],{},"int(input())",[30,92604,1719],{"id":1718},[126,92606,92607,92611,92617,92623,92629],{},[129,92608,92609],{},[491,92610,35853],{"href":35852},[129,92612,92613],{},[491,92614,13,92615,1738],{"href":42172},[15,92616,42175],{},[129,92618,92619],{},[491,92620,13,92621,1738],{"href":91653},[15,92622,35576],{},[129,92624,92625],{},[491,92626,37344,92627,36434],{"href":36430},[15,92628,35576],{},[129,92630,92631],{},[491,92632,50149,92633],{"href":50148},[15,92634,50152],{},[1758,92636,92637],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":92639},[92640,92641,92643,92649,92657,92664,92666,92678,92679,92691],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":90493,"depth":79,"text":92642},"What range() does",{"id":90586,"depth":79,"text":92644,"children":92645},"range() syntax",[92646,92647,92648],{"id":90666,"depth":419,"text":90669},{"id":90730,"depth":419,"text":90733},{"id":90798,"depth":419,"text":90801},{"id":90869,"depth":79,"text":90870,"children":92650},[92651,92652,92653,92654,92655],{"id":90876,"depth":419,"text":90484},{"id":90939,"depth":419,"text":90942},{"id":91003,"depth":419,"text":91006},{"id":91079,"depth":419,"text":91080},{"id":76443,"depth":419,"text":92656},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91238,"depth":79,"text":92658,"children":92659},"Using range() in a for loop",[92660,92661,92662],{"id":91340,"depth":419,"text":91341},{"id":91385,"depth":419,"text":91386},{"id":91465,"depth":419,"text":92663},"range() and indexing",{"id":91740,"depth":79,"text":92665},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4343,"depth":79,"text":4344,"children":92667},[92668,92669,92671,92672,92674,92676],{"id":91923,"depth":419,"text":91924},{"id":92019,"depth":419,"text":92670},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92085,"depth":419,"text":92086},{"id":92220,"depth":419,"text":92673},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92277,"depth":419,"text":92675},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92311,"depth":419,"text":92677},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92415,"depth":79,"text":92416},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":92680},[92681,92683,92685,92687,92689],{"id":92545,"depth":419,"text":92682},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92554,"depth":419,"text":92684},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92567,"depth":419,"text":92686},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92579,"depth":419,"text":92688},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92592,"depth":419,"text":92690},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90387,"description":92692},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92699,"title":92700,"body":92701,"description":94374,"extension":1796,"meta":94375,"navigation":807,"path":94376,"seo":94377,"stem":94378,"__hash__":94379},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92702,"toc":94347},[92703,92712,92719,92736,92752,92754,92803,92811,92815,92818,92838,92840,92904,92906,92949,92952,92998,93000,93033,93043,93049,93057,93074,93076,93107,93109,93134,93139,93150,93153,93223,93225,93256,93261,93266,93283,93285,93336,93338,93371,93374,93381,93386,93390,93406,93408,93452,93454,93500,93503,93516,93521,93525,93539,93541,93592,93594,93627,93632,93634,93641,93643,93666,93668,93733,93735,93752,93755,93788,93790,93818,93828,93835,93839,93842,93860,93863,93891,93894,93912,93917,93923,93926,93948,93950,93978,93980,93983,94008,94011,94124,94126,94205,94207,94213,94218,94226,94234,94238,94241,94243,94276,94278,94286,94292,94299,94306,94309,94311,94344],[10,92704,13,92706,10408,92708,92711],{"id":92705},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,92707,36023],{},[15,92709,92710],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,92713,92714,1126,92716,92718],{},[15,92715,36023],{},[15,92717,92710],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[126,92720,92721,92729],{},[129,92722,92723,92725,92726],{},[15,92724,36023],{}," creates a ",[3563,92727,92728],{},"range object",[129,92730,92731,92725,92733],{},[15,92732,92710],{},[3563,92734,92735],{},"real list",[20,92737,92738,92739,92741,92742,92745,92746,92748,92749,92751],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,92740,90484],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,92743,92744],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,92747,36023],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,92750,92710],{}," when you actually need a list.",[30,92753,3425],{"id":3424},[35,92755,92757],{"className":37,"code":92756,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92758,92759,92773,92786],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92760,92761,92763,92765,92767,92769,92771],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92762,3435],{"class":50},[44,92764,55],{"class":54},[44,92766,53697],{"class":58},[44,92768,63],{"class":62},[44,92770,1129],{"class":452},[44,92772,76],{"class":62},[44,92774,92775,92777,92779,92781,92783],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,92776,82],{"class":58},[44,92778,63],{"class":62},[44,92780,3467],{"class":97},[44,92782,3480],{"class":62},[44,92784,92785],{"class":3483},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[44,92787,92788,92790,92792,92794,92796,92798,92800],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,92789,82],{"class":58},[44,92791,63],{"class":62},[44,92793,7921],{"class":426},[44,92795,63],{"class":62},[44,92797,3467],{"class":97},[44,92799,5190],{"class":62},[44,92801,92802],{"class":3483},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,92804,103,92805,92807,92808,92810],{},[15,92806,36023],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,92809,92710],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[30,92812,92814],{"id":92813},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,92816,92817],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[126,92819,92820,92827,92832,92835],{},[129,92821,92822,21803,92824,92826],{},[15,92823,36023],{},[3563,92825,92728],{},", not a list",[129,92828,92829,92831],{},[15,92830,92710],{}," converts that range object into a list",[129,92833,92834],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[129,92836,92837],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,92839,145],{},[35,92841,92843],{"className":37,"code":92842,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,92844,92845,92860,92879,92883,92893],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92846,92847,92850,92852,92854,92856,92858],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92848,92849],{"class":50},"r ",[44,92851,55],{"class":54},[44,92853,53697],{"class":58},[44,92855,63],{"class":62},[44,92857,1129],{"class":452},[44,92859,76],{"class":62},[44,92861,92862,92865,92867,92869,92871,92873,92875,92877],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,92863,92864],{"class":50},"lst ",[44,92866,55],{"class":54},[44,92868,22388],{"class":426},[44,92870,63],{"class":62},[44,92872,59627],{"class":58},[44,92874,63],{"class":62},[44,92876,1129],{"class":452},[44,92878,434],{"class":62},[44,92880,92881],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,92882,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,92884,92885,92887,92889,92891],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,92886,82],{"class":58},[44,92888,63],{"class":62},[44,92890,60134],{"class":97},[44,92892,76],{"class":62},[44,92894,92895,92897,92899,92902],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,92896,82],{"class":58},[44,92898,63],{"class":62},[44,92900,92901],{"class":97},"lst",[44,92903,76],{"class":62},[20,92905,1031],{},[35,92907,92909],{"className":37,"code":92908,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92910,92911,92925],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92912,92913,92915,92917,92919,92921,92923],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92914,59627],{"class":58},[44,92916,63],{"class":62},[44,92918,1951],{"class":452},[44,92920,186],{"class":62},[44,92922,4431],{"class":452},[44,92924,76],{"class":62},[44,92926,92927,92929,92931,92933,92935,92937,92939,92941,92943,92945,92947],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,92928,3723],{"class":62},[44,92930,1951],{"class":452},[44,92932,186],{"class":62},[44,92934,711],{"class":452},[44,92936,186],{"class":62},[44,92938,2812],{"class":452},[44,92940,186],{"class":62},[44,92942,2282],{"class":452},[44,92944,186],{"class":62},[44,92946,2287],{"class":452},[44,92948,3453],{"class":62},[20,92950,92951],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[35,92953,92955],{"className":37,"code":92954,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,92956,92957,92975],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92958,92959,92961,92963,92965,92967,92969,92971,92973],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92960,82],{"class":58},[44,92962,63],{"class":62},[44,92964,427],{"class":426},[44,92966,63],{"class":62},[44,92968,59627],{"class":58},[44,92970,63],{"class":62},[44,92972,1129],{"class":452},[44,92974,2731],{"class":62},[44,92976,92977,92979,92981,92983,92985,92987,92989,92991,92993,92995],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,92978,82],{"class":58},[44,92980,63],{"class":62},[44,92982,427],{"class":426},[44,92984,63],{"class":62},[44,92986,7921],{"class":426},[44,92988,63],{"class":62},[44,92990,59627],{"class":58},[44,92992,63],{"class":62},[44,92994,1129],{"class":452},[44,92996,92997],{"class":62},"))))\n",[20,92999,1031],{},[35,93001,93003],{"className":37,"code":93002,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93004,93005,93019],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93006,93007,93009,93011,93013,93015,93017],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93008,463],{"class":54},[44,93010,467],{"class":466},[44,93012,470],{"class":66},[44,93014,59627],{"class":70},[44,93016,476],{"class":66},[44,93018,479],{"class":54},[44,93020,93021,93023,93025,93027,93029,93031],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,93022,463],{"class":54},[44,93024,467],{"class":466},[44,93026,470],{"class":66},[44,93028,7921],{"class":70},[44,93030,476],{"class":66},[44,93032,479],{"class":54},[20,93034,93035,93036,93038,93039,504],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93037,36023],{}," works, see ",[491,93040,13,93041,1738],{"href":92694},[15,93042,36023],{},[30,93044,113,93046,93048],{"id":93045},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93047,36023],{}," gives you",[20,93050,93051,93053,93054,93056],{},[15,93052,36023],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93055,5787],{}," loops.",[126,93058,93059,93062,93065,93068],{},[129,93060,93061],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[129,93063,93064],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[129,93066,93067],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[129,93069,93070,93071],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93072,93073],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93075,145],{},[35,93077,93079],{"className":37,"code":93078,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93080,93081,93097],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93082,93083,93085,93087,93089,93091,93093,93095],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93084,5787],{"class":1384},[44,93086,69178],{"class":50},[44,93088,3705],{"class":1384},[44,93090,53697],{"class":58},[44,93092,63],{"class":62},[44,93094,1129],{"class":452},[44,93096,8167],{"class":62},[44,93098,93099,93101,93103,93105],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,93100,1416],{"class":58},[44,93102,63],{"class":62},[44,93104,35979],{"class":97},[44,93106,76],{"class":62},[20,93108,1031],{},[35,93110,93112],{"className":37,"code":93111,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93113,93114,93118,93122,93126,93130],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93115,93116],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93117,46876],{"class":452},[44,93119,93120],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,93121,46541],{"class":452},[44,93123,93124],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,93125,16885],{"class":452},[44,93127,93128],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,93129,46241],{"class":452},[44,93131,93132],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,93133,48275],{"class":452},[20,93135,20599,93136,93138],{},[15,93137,90484],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93140,93141,93142,93144,93145,504],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93143,36023],{}," is so common with ",[491,93146,13,93148,90515],{"href":93147},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93149,5787],{},[20,93151,93152],{},"You can also inspect it:",[35,93154,93156],{"className":37,"code":93155,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93157,93158,93180,93184,93194,93208],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93159,93160,93162,93164,93166,93168,93170,93172,93174,93176,93178],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93161,92849],{"class":50},[44,93163,55],{"class":54},[44,93165,53697],{"class":58},[44,93167,63],{"class":62},[44,93169,1889],{"class":452},[44,93171,186],{"class":62},[44,93173,5834],{"class":452},[44,93175,186],{"class":62},[44,93177,2812],{"class":452},[44,93179,76],{"class":62},[44,93181,93182],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,93183,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,93185,93186,93188,93190,93192],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,93187,82],{"class":58},[44,93189,63],{"class":62},[44,93191,60134],{"class":97},[44,93193,76],{"class":62},[44,93195,93196,93198,93200,93202,93204,93206],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,93197,82],{"class":58},[44,93199,63],{"class":62},[44,93201,10986],{"class":58},[44,93203,63],{"class":62},[44,93205,60134],{"class":97},[44,93207,434],{"class":62},[44,93209,93210,93212,93214,93216,93218,93221],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,93211,82],{"class":58},[44,93213,63],{"class":62},[44,93215,80224],{"class":452},[44,93217,21002],{"class":1384},[44,93219,93220],{"class":97}," r",[44,93222,76],{"class":62},[20,93224,1031],{},[35,93226,93228],{"className":37,"code":93227,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93229,93230,93248,93252],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93231,93232,93234,93236,93238,93240,93242,93244,93246],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93233,59627],{"class":58},[44,93235,63],{"class":62},[44,93237,1889],{"class":452},[44,93239,186],{"class":62},[44,93241,5834],{"class":452},[44,93243,186],{"class":62},[44,93245,2812],{"class":452},[44,93247,76],{"class":62},[44,93249,93250],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,93251,48275],{"class":452},[44,93253,93254],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,93255,3803],{"class":3674},[30,93257,113,93259,93048],{"id":93258},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93260,92710],{},[20,93262,93263,93265],{},[15,93264,92710],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[126,93267,93268,93271,93274,93277],{},[129,93269,93270],{},"It creates all values at once",[129,93272,93273],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[129,93275,93276],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[129,93278,93279,93280,93282],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93281,36023],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93284,145],{},[35,93286,93288],{"className":37,"code":93287,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93289,93290,93308,93312,93322],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93291,93292,93294,93296,93298,93300,93302,93304,93306],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93293,3435],{"class":50},[44,93295,55],{"class":54},[44,93297,22388],{"class":426},[44,93299,63],{"class":62},[44,93301,59627],{"class":58},[44,93303,63],{"class":62},[44,93305,1129],{"class":452},[44,93307,434],{"class":62},[44,93309,93310],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,93311,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,93313,93314,93316,93318,93320],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,93315,82],{"class":58},[44,93317,63],{"class":62},[44,93319,3467],{"class":97},[44,93321,76],{"class":62},[44,93323,93324,93326,93328,93330,93332,93334],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,93325,82],{"class":58},[44,93327,63],{"class":62},[44,93329,3467],{"class":97},[44,93331,3723],{"class":62},[44,93333,1889],{"class":452},[44,93335,3711],{"class":62},[20,93337,1031],{},[35,93339,93341],{"className":37,"code":93340,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93342,93343,93367],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93344,93345,93347,93349,93351,93353,93355,93357,93359,93361,93363,93365],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93346,3723],{"class":62},[44,93348,1951],{"class":452},[44,93350,186],{"class":62},[44,93352,711],{"class":452},[44,93354,186],{"class":62},[44,93356,2812],{"class":452},[44,93358,186],{"class":62},[44,93360,2282],{"class":452},[44,93362,186],{"class":62},[44,93364,2287],{"class":452},[44,93366,3453],{"class":62},[44,93368,93369],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,93370,16885],{"class":452},[20,93372,93373],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93375,93376,93377,504],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[491,93378,13,93379,1738],{"href":64477},[15,93380,24610],{},[30,93382,4788,93384],{"id":93383},"when-to-use-range",[15,93385,36023],{},[20,93387,103,93388,10424],{},[15,93389,36023],{},[126,93391,93392,93397,93400,93403],{},[129,93393,93394,93395,91244],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93396,5787],{},[129,93398,93399],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[129,93401,93402],{},"You are working with large sequences",[129,93404,93405],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93407,145],{},[35,93409,93411],{"className":37,"code":93410,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93412,93413,93433],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93414,93415,93417,93419,93421,93423,93425,93427,93429,93431],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93416,5787],{"class":1384},[44,93418,69178],{"class":50},[44,93420,3705],{"class":1384},[44,93422,53697],{"class":58},[44,93424,63],{"class":62},[44,93426,2807],{"class":452},[44,93428,186],{"class":62},[44,93430,37469],{"class":452},[44,93432,8167],{"class":62},[44,93434,93435,93437,93439,93441,93444,93446,93448,93450],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,93436,1416],{"class":58},[44,93438,63],{"class":62},[44,93440,67],{"class":66},[44,93442,93443],{"class":70},"Count:",[44,93445,67],{"class":66},[44,93447,186],{"class":62},[44,93449,35954],{"class":97},[44,93451,76],{"class":62},[20,93453,1031],{},[35,93455,93457],{"className":37,"code":93456,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93458,93459,93468,93476,93484,93492],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93460,93461,93464,93466],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93462,93463],{"class":50},"Count",[44,93465,449],{"class":62},[44,93467,29445],{"class":452},[44,93469,93470,93472,93474],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,93471,93463],{"class":50},[44,93473,449],{"class":62},[44,93475,846],{"class":452},[44,93477,93478,93480,93482],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,93479,93463],{"class":50},[44,93481,449],{"class":62},[44,93483,856],{"class":452},[44,93485,93486,93488,93490],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,93487,93463],{"class":50},[44,93489,449],{"class":62},[44,93491,23492],{"class":452},[44,93493,93494,93496,93498],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,93495,93463],{"class":50},[44,93497,449],{"class":62},[44,93499,866],{"class":452},[20,93501,93502],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93504,93505,93506,93508,93509,61917,93511,504],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93507,35576],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93510,36424],{},[491,93512,36431,93514,36434],{"href":93513},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93515,35576],{},[30,93517,4788,93519],{"id":93518},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93520,92710],{},[20,93522,103,93523,10424],{},[15,93524,92710],{},[126,93526,93527,93530,93533,93536],{},[129,93528,93529],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[129,93531,93532],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[129,93534,93535],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[129,93537,93538],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93540,145],{},[35,93542,93544],{"className":37,"code":93543,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93545,93546,93564,93578,93582],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93547,93548,93550,93552,93554,93556,93558,93560,93562],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93549,3435],{"class":50},[44,93551,55],{"class":54},[44,93553,22388],{"class":426},[44,93555,63],{"class":62},[44,93557,59627],{"class":58},[44,93559,63],{"class":62},[44,93561,1129],{"class":452},[44,93563,434],{"class":62},[44,93565,93566,93568,93570,93572,93574,93576],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,93567,3467],{"class":50},[44,93569,504],{"class":62},[44,93571,13379],{"class":97},[44,93573,63],{"class":62},[44,93575,1129],{"class":452},[44,93577,76],{"class":62},[44,93579,93580],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,93581,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,93583,93584,93586,93588,93590],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,93585,82],{"class":58},[44,93587,63],{"class":62},[44,93589,3467],{"class":97},[44,93591,76],{"class":62},[20,93593,1031],{},[35,93595,93597],{"className":37,"code":93596,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93598,93599],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93600,93601,93603,93605,93607,93609,93611,93613,93615,93617,93619,93621,93623,93625],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93602,3723],{"class":62},[44,93604,1951],{"class":452},[44,93606,186],{"class":62},[44,93608,711],{"class":452},[44,93610,186],{"class":62},[44,93612,2812],{"class":452},[44,93614,186],{"class":62},[44,93616,2282],{"class":452},[44,93618,186],{"class":62},[44,93620,2287],{"class":452},[44,93622,186],{"class":62},[44,93624,4431],{"class":452},[44,93626,3453],{"class":62},[20,93628,716,93629,93631],{},[15,93630,3467],{}," is a list.",[30,93633,15424],{"id":15423},[20,93635,93636,93638,93639,504],{},[15,93637,36023],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[3563,93640,37423],{},[20,93642,1938],{},[126,93644,93645,93647,93652,93657,93660],{},[129,93646,21813],{},[129,93648,93649,93650],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93651,42175],{},[129,93653,93654,93655],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93656,3705],{},[129,93658,93659],{},"You can index it",[129,93661,93662,93663,93665],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93664,52279],{}," do not work on it",[20,93667,145],{},[35,93669,93671],{"className":37,"code":93670,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93672,93673,93687,93691,93705,93719],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93674,93675,93677,93679,93681,93683,93685],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93676,92849],{"class":50},[44,93678,55],{"class":54},[44,93680,53697],{"class":58},[44,93682,63],{"class":62},[44,93684,1129],{"class":452},[44,93686,76],{"class":62},[44,93688,93689],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,93690,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,93692,93693,93695,93697,93699,93701,93703],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,93694,82],{"class":58},[44,93696,63],{"class":62},[44,93698,60134],{"class":97},[44,93700,3723],{"class":62},[44,93702,1889],{"class":452},[44,93704,3711],{"class":62},[44,93706,93707,93709,93711,93713,93715,93717],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,93708,82],{"class":58},[44,93710,63],{"class":62},[44,93712,10986],{"class":58},[44,93714,63],{"class":62},[44,93716,60134],{"class":97},[44,93718,434],{"class":62},[44,93720,93721,93723,93725,93727,93729,93731],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,93722,82],{"class":58},[44,93724,63],{"class":62},[44,93726,1894],{"class":452},[44,93728,21002],{"class":1384},[44,93730,93220],{"class":97},[44,93732,76],{"class":62},[20,93734,1031],{},[35,93736,93738],{"className":37,"code":93737,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,93739,93740,93744,93748],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93741,93742],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93743,16885],{"class":452},[44,93745,93746],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,93747,2766],{"class":452},[44,93749,93750],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,93751,3803],{"class":3674},[20,93753,93754],{},"Now compare that with this:",[35,93756,93758],{"className":37,"code":93757,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,93759,93760,93774],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93761,93762,93764,93766,93768,93770,93772],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93763,92849],{"class":50},[44,93765,55],{"class":54},[44,93767,53697],{"class":58},[44,93769,63],{"class":62},[44,93771,1129],{"class":452},[44,93773,76],{"class":62},[44,93775,93776,93778,93780,93782,93784,93786],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,93777,60134],{"class":50},[44,93779,504],{"class":62},[44,93781,13379],{"class":97},[44,93783,63],{"class":62},[44,93785,1129],{"class":452},[44,93787,76],{"class":62},[20,93789,1031],{},[35,93791,93793],{"className":37,"code":93792,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,93794,93795],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93796,93797,93799,93801,93803,93805,93807,93809,93812,93814,93816],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93798,25501],{"class":426},[44,93800,449],{"class":62},[44,93802,470],{"class":66},[44,93804,59627],{"class":70},[44,93806,476],{"class":66},[44,93808,24446],{"class":426},[44,93810,93811],{"class":50}," has no attribute ",[44,93813,476],{"class":66},[44,93815,13379],{"class":70},[44,93817,29530],{"class":66},[20,93819,93820,93821,2018,93823,2022,93825,93827],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,93822,52279],{},[15,93824,55156],{},[15,93826,63941],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,93829,93830,93831,504],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[491,93832,25509,93833],{"href":35246},[15,93834,34081],{},[30,93836,93838],{"id":93837},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,93840,93841],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[35,93843,93844],{"className":37,"code":92320,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,93845,93846],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93847,93848,93850,93852,93854,93856,93858],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93849,82],{"class":58},[44,93851,63],{"class":62},[44,93853,59627],{"class":58},[44,93855,63],{"class":62},[44,93857,1129],{"class":452},[44,93859,434],{"class":62},[20,93861,93862],{},"to show:",[35,93864,93865],{"className":37,"code":59650,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,93866,93867],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93868,93869,93871,93873,93875,93877,93879,93881,93883,93885,93887,93889],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93870,3723],{"class":62},[44,93872,1951],{"class":452},[44,93874,186],{"class":62},[44,93876,711],{"class":452},[44,93878,186],{"class":62},[44,93880,2812],{"class":452},[44,93882,186],{"class":62},[44,93884,2282],{"class":452},[44,93886,186],{"class":62},[44,93888,2287],{"class":452},[44,93890,3453],{"class":62},[20,93892,93893],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[35,93895,93896],{"className":37,"code":92341,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,93897,93898],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93899,93900,93902,93904,93906,93908,93910],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93901,59627],{"class":58},[44,93903,63],{"class":62},[44,93905,1951],{"class":452},[44,93907,186],{"class":62},[44,93909,4431],{"class":452},[44,93911,76],{"class":62},[20,93913,4454,93914,93916],{},[3563,93915,4457],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,93918,93919,93920,93922],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[3563,93921,92728],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,93924,93925],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[35,93927,93928],{"className":37,"code":90677,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,93929,93930],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93931,93932,93934,93936,93938,93940,93942,93944,93946],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93933,82],{"class":58},[44,93935,63],{"class":62},[44,93937,7921],{"class":426},[44,93939,63],{"class":62},[44,93941,59627],{"class":58},[44,93943,63],{"class":62},[44,93945,1129],{"class":452},[44,93947,2731],{"class":62},[20,93949,1031],{},[35,93951,93952],{"className":37,"code":59650,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,93953,93954],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93955,93956,93958,93960,93962,93964,93966,93968,93970,93972,93974,93976],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93957,3723],{"class":62},[44,93959,1951],{"class":452},[44,93961,186],{"class":62},[44,93963,711],{"class":452},[44,93965,186],{"class":62},[44,93967,2812],{"class":452},[44,93969,186],{"class":62},[44,93971,2282],{"class":452},[44,93973,186],{"class":62},[44,93975,2287],{"class":452},[44,93977,3453],{"class":62},[30,93979,1486],{"id":1485},[20,93981,93982],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[126,93984,93985,93991,93994,94000],{},[129,93986,8243,93987,93990],{},[15,93988,93989],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[129,93992,93993],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[129,93995,93996,93997,93999],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,93998,36023],{}," is iterable but not a list",[129,94001,8243,94002,94004,94005,94007],{},[15,94003,92710],{}," when plain ",[15,94006,36023],{}," would be simpler",[20,94009,94010],{},"These quick checks can help:",[35,94012,94014],{"className":37,"code":94013,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94015,94016,94030,94048,94066,94088,94106],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94017,94018,94020,94022,94024,94026,94028],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94019,82],{"class":58},[44,94021,63],{"class":62},[44,94023,59627],{"class":58},[44,94025,63],{"class":62},[44,94027,1129],{"class":452},[44,94029,434],{"class":62},[44,94031,94032,94034,94036,94038,94040,94042,94044,94046],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,94033,82],{"class":58},[44,94035,63],{"class":62},[44,94037,7921],{"class":426},[44,94039,63],{"class":62},[44,94041,59627],{"class":58},[44,94043,63],{"class":62},[44,94045,1129],{"class":452},[44,94047,2731],{"class":62},[44,94049,94050,94052,94054,94056,94058,94060,94062,94064],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,94051,82],{"class":58},[44,94053,63],{"class":62},[44,94055,427],{"class":426},[44,94057,63],{"class":62},[44,94059,59627],{"class":58},[44,94061,63],{"class":62},[44,94063,1129],{"class":452},[44,94065,2731],{"class":62},[44,94067,94068,94070,94072,94074,94076,94078,94080,94082,94084,94086],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,94069,82],{"class":58},[44,94071,63],{"class":62},[44,94073,427],{"class":426},[44,94075,63],{"class":62},[44,94077,7921],{"class":426},[44,94079,63],{"class":62},[44,94081,59627],{"class":58},[44,94083,63],{"class":62},[44,94085,1129],{"class":452},[44,94087,92997],{"class":62},[44,94089,94090,94092,94094,94096,94098,94100,94102,94104],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,94091,82],{"class":58},[44,94093,63],{"class":62},[44,94095,1894],{"class":452},[44,94097,21002],{"class":1384},[44,94099,53697],{"class":58},[44,94101,63],{"class":62},[44,94103,1129],{"class":452},[44,94105,434],{"class":62},[44,94107,94108,94110,94112,94114,94116,94118,94120,94122],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,94109,82],{"class":58},[44,94111,63],{"class":62},[44,94113,10986],{"class":58},[44,94115,63],{"class":62},[44,94117,59627],{"class":58},[44,94119,63],{"class":62},[44,94121,1129],{"class":452},[44,94123,2731],{"class":62},[20,94125,1031],{},[35,94127,94129],{"className":37,"code":94128,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94130,94131,94145,94169,94183,94197,94201],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94132,94133,94135,94137,94139,94141,94143],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94134,59627],{"class":58},[44,94136,63],{"class":62},[44,94138,1951],{"class":452},[44,94140,186],{"class":62},[44,94142,4431],{"class":452},[44,94144,76],{"class":62},[44,94146,94147,94149,94151,94153,94155,94157,94159,94161,94163,94165,94167],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,94148,3723],{"class":62},[44,94150,1951],{"class":452},[44,94152,186],{"class":62},[44,94154,711],{"class":452},[44,94156,186],{"class":62},[44,94158,2812],{"class":452},[44,94160,186],{"class":62},[44,94162,2282],{"class":452},[44,94164,186],{"class":62},[44,94166,2287],{"class":452},[44,94168,3453],{"class":62},[44,94170,94171,94173,94175,94177,94179,94181],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,94172,463],{"class":54},[44,94174,467],{"class":466},[44,94176,470],{"class":66},[44,94178,59627],{"class":70},[44,94180,476],{"class":66},[44,94182,479],{"class":54},[44,94184,94185,94187,94189,94191,94193,94195],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,94186,463],{"class":54},[44,94188,467],{"class":466},[44,94190,470],{"class":66},[44,94192,7921],{"class":70},[44,94194,476],{"class":66},[44,94196,479],{"class":54},[44,94198,94199],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,94200,3803],{"class":3674},[44,94202,94203],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,94204,2766],{"class":452},[30,94206,1651],{"id":1650},[600,94208,14730,94210,94212],{"id":94209},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94211,36023],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94214,1661,94215,94217],{},[15,94216,36023],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[600,94219,94221,94222,10916,94224,213],{"id":94220},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94223,36023],{},[15,94225,92710],{},[20,94227,94228,94230,94231,94233],{},[15,94229,36023],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94232,92710],{}," creates a full list.",[600,94235,94237],{"id":94236},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94239,94240],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94242,145],{},[35,94244,94246],{"className":37,"code":94245,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94247,94248,94262],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94249,94250,94252,94254,94256,94258,94260],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94251,92849],{"class":50},[44,94253,55],{"class":54},[44,94255,53697],{"class":58},[44,94257,63],{"class":62},[44,94259,1129],{"class":452},[44,94261,76],{"class":62},[44,94263,94264,94266,94268,94270,94272,94274],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,94265,82],{"class":58},[44,94267,63],{"class":62},[44,94269,60134],{"class":97},[44,94271,3723],{"class":62},[44,94273,2807],{"class":452},[44,94275,3711],{"class":62},[20,94277,1031],{},[35,94279,94280],{"className":37,"code":46541,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,94281,94282],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94283,94284],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94285,46541],{"class":452},[600,94287,1683,94289,94291],{"id":94288},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94290,93989],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94293,94294,94295,94298],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94296,94297],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[600,94300,94302,94303,94305],{"id":94301},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94304,36023],{}," to a list?",[20,94307,94308],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[30,94310,1719],{"id":1718},[126,94312,94313,94319,94325,94332,94338],{},[129,94314,94315],{},[491,94316,13,94317,1738],{"href":92694},[15,94318,36023],{},[129,94320,94321],{},[491,94322,13,94323,1738],{"href":64477},[15,94324,24610],{},[129,94326,94327],{},[491,94328,13,94329,94331],{"href":93147},[15,94330,5787],{}," loops explained",[129,94333,94334],{},[491,94335,37344,94336,36434],{"href":93513},[15,94337,35576],{},[129,94339,94340],{},[491,94341,25952,94342],{"href":35246},[15,94343,34081],{},[1758,94345,94346],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code 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var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":94348},[94349,94350,94351,94353,94355,94357,94359,94360,94361,94362,94373],{"id":3424,"depth":79,"text":3425},{"id":92813,"depth":79,"text":92814},{"id":93045,"depth":79,"text":94352},"What range() gives you",{"id":93258,"depth":79,"text":94354},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93383,"depth":79,"text":94356},"When to use range()",{"id":93518,"depth":79,"text":94358},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15423,"depth":79,"text":15424},{"id":93837,"depth":79,"text":93838},{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":94363},[94364,94366,94368,94369,94371],{"id":94209,"depth":419,"text":94365},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94220,"depth":419,"text":94367},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94236,"depth":419,"text":94237},{"id":94288,"depth":419,"text":94370},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94301,"depth":419,"text":94372},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92700,"description":94374},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94381,"title":94382,"body":94383,"description":95819,"extension":1796,"meta":95820,"navigation":807,"path":95821,"seo":95822,"stem":95823,"__hash__":95824},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94384,"toc":95785},[94385,94391,94396,94399,94413,94416,94418,94457,94459,94472,94480,94485,94501,94504,94506,94508,94529,94546,94549,94608,94610,94629,94634,94640,94643,94677,94679,94692,94695,94740,94742,94765,94772,94778,94781,94822,94824,94838,94841,94899,94901,94916,94929,94935,94941,95006,95008,95027,95029,95047,95050,95054,95060,95062,95095,95097,95110,95120,95123,95184,95186,95207,95210,95212,95228,95233,95237,95242,95247,95303,95305,95323,95326,95371,95373,95381,95386,95390,95404,95406,95438,95440,95449,95451,95455,95464,95467,95499,95501,95513,95516,95520,95525,95566,95568,95576,95579,95602,95606,95608,95617,95620,95673,95675,95684,95688,95693,95704,95706,95715,95718,95724,95727,95733,95743,95751,95758,95760,95782],[10,94386,13,94388,18],{"id":94387},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94389,94390],{},"round()",[20,94392,8945,94393,94395],{},[15,94394,94390],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94397,94398],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[126,94400,94401,94407],{},[129,94402,94403,94406],{},[15,94404,94405],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[129,94408,94409,94412],{},[15,94410,94411],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94414,94415],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[30,94417,33],{"id":32},[35,94419,94421],{"className":37,"code":94420,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94422,94423,94439],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94424,94425,94427,94429,94432,94434,94437],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94426,82],{"class":58},[44,94428,63],{"class":62},[44,94430,94431],{"class":58},"round",[44,94433,63],{"class":62},[44,94435,94436],{"class":452},"3.14159",[44,94438,434],{"class":62},[44,94440,94441,94443,94445,94447,94449,94451,94453,94455],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,94442,82],{"class":58},[44,94444,63],{"class":62},[44,94446,94431],{"class":58},[44,94448,63],{"class":62},[44,94450,94436],{"class":452},[44,94452,186],{"class":62},[44,94454,2812],{"class":452},[44,94456,434],{"class":62},[20,94458,1031],{},[35,94460,94462],{"className":37,"code":94461,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94463,94464,94468],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94465,94466],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94467,46241],{"class":452},[44,94469,94470],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,94471,40002],{"class":452},[20,94473,103,94474,94476,94477,94479],{},[15,94475,94405],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94478,94411],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[30,94481,113,94483,116],{"id":94482},"what-round-does",[15,94484,94390],{},[126,94486,94487,94492,94495,94498],{},[129,94488,94489,94491],{},[15,94490,94390],{}," is a built-in Python function",[129,94493,94494],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[129,94496,94497],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[129,94499,94500],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94502,94503],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[30,94505,250],{"id":249},[20,94507,1989],{},[35,94509,94511],{"className":37,"code":94510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94512,94513],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94514,94515,94517,94519,94521,94524,94527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94516,94431],{"class":58},[44,94518,63],{"class":62},[44,94520,2069],{"class":97},[44,94522,94523],{"class":62},"[,",[44,94525,94526],{"class":97}," ndigits",[44,94528,3711],{"class":62},[126,94530,94531,94536,94541],{},[129,94532,94533,94535],{},[15,94534,2069],{}," is the value to round",[129,94537,94538,280],{},[15,94539,94540],{},"ndigits",[129,94542,94543,94545],{},[15,94544,94540],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94547,94548],{},"Basic examples:",[35,94550,94552],{"className":37,"code":94551,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94553,94554,94569,94587],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94555,94556,94558,94560,94562,94564,94567],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94557,82],{"class":58},[44,94559,63],{"class":62},[44,94561,94431],{"class":58},[44,94563,63],{"class":62},[44,94565,94566],{"class":452},"7.8",[44,94568,434],{"class":62},[44,94570,94571,94573,94575,94577,94579,94581,94583,94585],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,94572,82],{"class":58},[44,94574,63],{"class":62},[44,94576,94431],{"class":58},[44,94578,63],{"class":62},[44,94580,94566],{"class":452},[44,94582,186],{"class":62},[44,94584,711],{"class":452},[44,94586,434],{"class":62},[44,94588,94589,94591,94593,94595,94597,94600,94602,94604,94606],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,94590,82],{"class":58},[44,94592,63],{"class":62},[44,94594,94431],{"class":58},[44,94596,63],{"class":62},[44,94598,94599],{"class":452},"1234",[44,94601,186],{"class":62},[44,94603,2051],{"class":54},[44,94605,1889],{"class":452},[44,94607,434],{"class":62},[20,94609,1031],{},[35,94611,94613],{"className":37,"code":94612,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94614,94615,94619,94624],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94616,94617],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94618,2212],{"class":452},[44,94620,94621],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,94622,94623],{"class":452},"7.8\n",[44,94625,94626],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,94627,94628],{"class":452},"1200\n",[20,94630,94631,94632,504],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[491,94633,2251],{"href":2250},[30,94635,8243,94637,94639],{"id":94636},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94638,94390],{}," with one argument",[20,94641,94642],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[35,94644,94646],{"className":37,"code":94645,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94647,94648,94662],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94649,94650,94652,94654,94656,94658,94660],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94651,82],{"class":58},[44,94653,63],{"class":62},[44,94655,94431],{"class":58},[44,94657,63],{"class":62},[44,94659,2193],{"class":452},[44,94661,434],{"class":62},[44,94663,94664,94666,94668,94670,94672,94675],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,94665,82],{"class":58},[44,94667,63],{"class":62},[44,94669,94431],{"class":58},[44,94671,63],{"class":62},[44,94673,94674],{"class":452},"4.8",[44,94676,434],{"class":62},[20,94678,1031],{},[35,94680,94682],{"className":37,"code":94681,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4\n5\n",[15,94683,94684,94688],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94685,94686],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94687,48275],{"class":452},[44,94689,94690],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,94691,2766],{"class":452},[20,94693,94694],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[35,94696,94698],{"className":37,"code":94697,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,94699,94700,94716,94726],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94701,94702,94704,94706,94709,94711,94714],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94703,2059],{"class":50},[44,94705,55],{"class":54},[44,94707,94708],{"class":58}," round",[44,94710,63],{"class":62},[44,94712,94713],{"class":452},"10.2",[44,94715,76],{"class":62},[44,94717,94718,94720,94722,94724],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,94719,82],{"class":58},[44,94721,63],{"class":62},[44,94723,2094],{"class":97},[44,94725,76],{"class":62},[44,94727,94728,94730,94732,94734,94736,94738],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,94729,82],{"class":58},[44,94731,63],{"class":62},[44,94733,427],{"class":426},[44,94735,63],{"class":62},[44,94737,2094],{"class":97},[44,94739,434],{"class":62},[20,94741,1031],{},[35,94743,94745],{"className":37,"code":94744,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,94746,94747,94751],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94748,94749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94750,2207],{"class":452},[44,94752,94753,94755,94757,94759,94761,94763],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,94754,463],{"class":54},[44,94756,467],{"class":466},[44,94758,470],{"class":66},[44,94760,588],{"class":70},[44,94762,476],{"class":66},[44,94764,479],{"class":54},[20,94766,94767,94768,504],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[491,94769,13,94770,1738],{"href":493},[15,94771,496],{},[30,94773,8243,94775,94777],{"id":94774},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,94776,94390],{}," with decimal places",[20,94779,94780],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[35,94782,94784],{"className":37,"code":94783,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,94785,94786,94804],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94787,94788,94790,94792,94794,94796,94798,94800,94802],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94789,82],{"class":58},[44,94791,63],{"class":62},[44,94793,94431],{"class":58},[44,94795,63],{"class":62},[44,94797,94436],{"class":452},[44,94799,186],{"class":62},[44,94801,2812],{"class":452},[44,94803,434],{"class":62},[44,94805,94806,94808,94810,94812,94814,94816,94818,94820],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,94807,82],{"class":58},[44,94809,63],{"class":62},[44,94811,94431],{"class":58},[44,94813,63],{"class":62},[44,94815,94436],{"class":452},[44,94817,186],{"class":62},[44,94819,2282],{"class":452},[44,94821,434],{"class":62},[20,94823,1031],{},[35,94825,94827],{"className":37,"code":94826,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,94828,94829,94833],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94830,94831],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94832,40002],{"class":452},[44,94834,94835],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,94836,94837],{"class":452},"3.142\n",[20,94839,94840],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[35,94842,94844],{"className":37,"code":94843,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,94845,94846,94855,94874,94878,94888],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94847,94848,94850,94852],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94849,40212],{"class":50},[44,94851,55],{"class":54},[44,94853,94854],{"class":452}," 19.9876\n",[44,94856,94857,94860,94862,94864,94866,94868,94870,94872],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,94858,94859],{"class":50},"rounded_price ",[44,94861,55],{"class":54},[44,94863,94708],{"class":58},[44,94865,63],{"class":62},[44,94867,24979],{"class":97},[44,94869,186],{"class":62},[44,94871,2812],{"class":452},[44,94873,76],{"class":62},[44,94875,94876],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,94877,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,94879,94880,94882,94884,94886],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,94881,82],{"class":58},[44,94883,63],{"class":62},[44,94885,24979],{"class":97},[44,94887,76],{"class":62},[44,94889,94890,94892,94894,94897],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,94891,82],{"class":58},[44,94893,63],{"class":62},[44,94895,94896],{"class":97},"rounded_price",[44,94898,76],{"class":62},[20,94900,1031],{},[35,94902,94904],{"className":37,"code":94903,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,94905,94906,94911],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94907,94908],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94909,94910],{"class":452},"19.9876\n",[44,94912,94913],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,94914,94915],{"class":452},"19.99\n",[20,94917,94918,94919,94922,94923,497,94925,504],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,94920,94921],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[491,94924,40716],{"href":40715},[491,94926,13,94927,1738],{"href":500},[15,94928,503],{},[30,94930,94932,94933],{"id":94931},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,94934,94540],{},[20,94936,94937,94938,94940],{},"A negative ",[15,94939,94540],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[35,94942,94944],{"className":37,"code":94943,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,94945,94946,94966,94986],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94947,94948,94950,94952,94954,94956,94958,94960,94962,94964],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94949,82],{"class":58},[44,94951,63],{"class":62},[44,94953,94431],{"class":58},[44,94955,63],{"class":62},[44,94957,94599],{"class":452},[44,94959,186],{"class":62},[44,94961,2051],{"class":54},[44,94963,2807],{"class":452},[44,94965,434],{"class":62},[44,94967,94968,94970,94972,94974,94976,94978,94980,94982,94984],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,94969,82],{"class":58},[44,94971,63],{"class":62},[44,94973,94431],{"class":58},[44,94975,63],{"class":62},[44,94977,94599],{"class":452},[44,94979,186],{"class":62},[44,94981,2051],{"class":54},[44,94983,1889],{"class":452},[44,94985,434],{"class":62},[44,94987,94988,94990,94992,94994,94996,94998,95000,95002,95004],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,94989,82],{"class":58},[44,94991,63],{"class":62},[44,94993,94431],{"class":58},[44,94995,63],{"class":62},[44,94997,94599],{"class":452},[44,94999,186],{"class":62},[44,95001,2051],{"class":54},[44,95003,1894],{"class":452},[44,95005,434],{"class":62},[20,95007,1031],{},[35,95009,95011],{"className":37,"code":95010,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95012,95013,95018,95022],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95014,95015],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95016,95017],{"class":452},"1230\n",[44,95019,95020],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,95021,94628],{"class":452},[44,95023,95024],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,95025,95026],{"class":452},"1000\n",[20,95028,65214],{},[126,95030,95031,95036,95042],{},[129,95032,95033,95035],{},[15,95034,65484],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[129,95037,95038,95041],{},[15,95039,95040],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[129,95043,95044,95046],{},[15,95045,47295],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95048,95049],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[30,95051,95053],{"id":95052},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95055,95056,95057,504],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95058,95059],{},".5",[20,95061,5301],{},[35,95063,95065],{"className":37,"code":95064,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95066,95067,95081],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95068,95069,95071,95073,95075,95077,95079],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95070,82],{"class":58},[44,95072,63],{"class":62},[44,95074,94431],{"class":58},[44,95076,63],{"class":62},[44,95078,40982],{"class":452},[44,95080,434],{"class":62},[44,95082,95083,95085,95087,95089,95091,95093],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,95084,82],{"class":58},[44,95086,63],{"class":62},[44,95088,94431],{"class":58},[44,95090,63],{"class":62},[44,95092,1872],{"class":452},[44,95094,434],{"class":62},[20,95096,1031],{},[35,95098,95100],{"className":37,"code":95099,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n4\n",[15,95101,95102,95106],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95103,95104],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95105,16885],{"class":452},[44,95107,95108],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,95109,48275],{"class":452},[20,95111,95112,95113,95116,95117,95119],{},"Python uses ",[3563,95114,95115],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95118,95059],{}," situations.",[20,95121,95122],{},"More examples:",[35,95124,95126],{"className":37,"code":95125,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95127,95128,95142,95156,95170],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95129,95130,95132,95134,95136,95138,95140],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95131,82],{"class":58},[44,95133,63],{"class":62},[44,95135,94431],{"class":58},[44,95137,63],{"class":62},[44,95139,40995],{"class":452},[44,95141,434],{"class":62},[44,95143,95144,95146,95148,95150,95152,95154],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,95145,82],{"class":58},[44,95147,63],{"class":62},[44,95149,94431],{"class":58},[44,95151,63],{"class":62},[44,95153,40982],{"class":452},[44,95155,434],{"class":62},[44,95157,95158,95160,95162,95164,95166,95168],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,95159,82],{"class":58},[44,95161,63],{"class":62},[44,95163,94431],{"class":58},[44,95165,63],{"class":62},[44,95167,1872],{"class":452},[44,95169,434],{"class":62},[44,95171,95172,95174,95176,95178,95180,95182],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,95173,82],{"class":58},[44,95175,63],{"class":62},[44,95177,94431],{"class":58},[44,95179,63],{"class":62},[44,95181,40947],{"class":452},[44,95183,434],{"class":62},[20,95185,1031],{},[35,95187,95189],{"className":37,"code":95188,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95190,95191,95195,95199,95203],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95192,95193],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95194,16885],{"class":452},[44,95196,95197],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,95198,16885],{"class":452},[44,95200,95201],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,95202,48275],{"class":452},[44,95204,95205],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,95206,48275],{"class":452},[20,95208,95209],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95211,10536],{},[126,95213,95214,95221],{},[129,95215,95216,1965,95219],{},[15,95217,95218],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95220,1889],{},[129,95222,95223,1965,95226],{},[15,95224,95225],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95227,1125],{},[20,95229,2990,95230,95232],{},[15,95231,95059],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[30,95234,95236],{"id":95235},"return-values","Return values",[20,95238,95239,95241],{},[15,95240,94390],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95243,40730,95244,95246],{},[3563,95245,4457],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[35,95248,95250],{"className":37,"code":95249,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95251,95252,95261,95265,95275,95293],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95253,95254,95256,95258],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95255,338],{"class":50},[44,95257,55],{"class":54},[44,95259,95260],{"class":452}," 3.14159\n",[44,95262,95263],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,95264,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,95266,95267,95269,95271,95273],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,95268,82],{"class":58},[44,95270,63],{"class":62},[44,95272,354],{"class":97},[44,95274,76],{"class":62},[44,95276,95277,95279,95281,95283,95285,95287,95289,95291],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,95278,82],{"class":58},[44,95280,63],{"class":62},[44,95282,94431],{"class":58},[44,95284,63],{"class":62},[44,95286,354],{"class":97},[44,95288,186],{"class":62},[44,95290,2812],{"class":452},[44,95292,434],{"class":62},[44,95294,95295,95297,95299,95301],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,95296,82],{"class":58},[44,95298,63],{"class":62},[44,95300,354],{"class":97},[44,95302,76],{"class":62},[20,95304,1031],{},[35,95306,95308],{"className":37,"code":95307,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95309,95310,95315,95319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95311,95312],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95313,95314],{"class":452},"3.14159\n",[44,95316,95317],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,95318,40002],{"class":452},[44,95320,95321],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,95322,95314],{"class":452},[20,95324,95325],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[35,95327,95329],{"className":37,"code":95328,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95330,95331,95339,95357,95361],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95332,95333,95335,95337],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95334,338],{"class":50},[44,95336,55],{"class":54},[44,95338,95260],{"class":452},[44,95340,95341,95343,95345,95347,95349,95351,95353,95355],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,95342,338],{"class":50},[44,95344,55],{"class":54},[44,95346,94708],{"class":58},[44,95348,63],{"class":62},[44,95350,354],{"class":97},[44,95352,186],{"class":62},[44,95354,2812],{"class":452},[44,95356,76],{"class":62},[44,95358,95359],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,95360,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,95362,95363,95365,95367,95369],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,95364,82],{"class":58},[44,95366,63],{"class":62},[44,95368,354],{"class":97},[44,95370,76],{"class":62},[20,95372,1031],{},[35,95374,95375],{"className":37,"code":40002,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,95376,95377],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95378,95379],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95380,40002],{"class":452},[30,95382,4788,95384],{"id":95383},"when-to-use-round",[15,95385,94390],{},[20,95387,103,95388,6147],{},[15,95389,94390],{},[126,95391,95392,95395,95398,95401],{},[129,95393,95394],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[129,95396,95397],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[129,95399,95400],{},"Round values before reporting results",[129,95402,95403],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95405,5301],{},[35,95407,95409],{"className":37,"code":95408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95410,95411,95420],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95412,95413,95415,95417],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95414,2421],{"class":50},[44,95416,55],{"class":54},[44,95418,95419],{"class":452}," 12.67891\n",[44,95421,95422,95424,95426,95428,95430,95432,95434,95436],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,95423,82],{"class":58},[44,95425,63],{"class":62},[44,95427,94431],{"class":58},[44,95429,63],{"class":62},[44,95431,2444],{"class":97},[44,95433,186],{"class":62},[44,95435,2812],{"class":452},[44,95437,434],{"class":62},[20,95439,1031],{},[35,95441,95443],{"className":37,"code":95442,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"12.68\n",[15,95444,95445],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95446,95447],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95448,95442],{"class":452},[30,95450,1486],{"id":1485},[20,95452,22923,95453,504],{},[15,95454,94390],{},[600,95456,8279,95458,95460,95461,95463],{"id":95457},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95459,94390],{}," to always round ",[15,95462,95059],{}," upward",[20,95465,95466],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[35,95468,95469],{"className":37,"code":95064,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,95470,95471,95485],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95472,95473,95475,95477,95479,95481,95483],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95474,82],{"class":58},[44,95476,63],{"class":62},[44,95478,94431],{"class":58},[44,95480,63],{"class":62},[44,95482,40982],{"class":452},[44,95484,434],{"class":62},[44,95486,95487,95489,95491,95493,95495,95497],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,95488,82],{"class":58},[44,95490,63],{"class":62},[44,95492,94431],{"class":58},[44,95494,63],{"class":62},[44,95496,1872],{"class":452},[44,95498,434],{"class":62},[20,95500,1031],{},[35,95502,95503],{"className":37,"code":95099,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,95504,95505,95509],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95506,95507],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95508,16885],{"class":452},[44,95510,95511],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,95512,48275],{"class":452},[20,95514,95515],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[600,95517,95519],{"id":95518},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95521,95522,95524],{},[15,95523,94390],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[35,95526,95528],{"className":37,"code":95527,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95529,95530,95538,95552,95556],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95531,95532,95534,95536],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95533,338],{"class":50},[44,95535,55],{"class":54},[44,95537,95260],{"class":452},[44,95539,95540,95542,95544,95546,95548,95550],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,95541,94431],{"class":58},[44,95543,63],{"class":62},[44,95545,354],{"class":97},[44,95547,186],{"class":62},[44,95549,2812],{"class":452},[44,95551,76],{"class":62},[44,95553,95554],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,95555,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,95557,95558,95560,95562,95564],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,95559,82],{"class":58},[44,95561,63],{"class":62},[44,95563,354],{"class":97},[44,95565,76],{"class":62},[20,95567,1031],{},[35,95569,95570],{"className":37,"code":95314,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,95571,95572],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95573,95574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95575,95314],{"class":452},[20,95577,95578],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[35,95580,95582],{"className":37,"code":95581,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95583,95584],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95585,95586,95588,95590,95592,95594,95596,95598,95600],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95587,338],{"class":50},[44,95589,55],{"class":54},[44,95591,94708],{"class":58},[44,95593,63],{"class":62},[44,95595,354],{"class":97},[44,95597,186],{"class":62},[44,95599,2812],{"class":452},[44,95601,76],{"class":62},[600,95603,95605],{"id":95604},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95607,16229],{},[35,95609,95611],{"className":37,"code":95610,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95612,95613],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95614,95615],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95616,95610],{"class":3483},[20,95618,95619],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[35,95621,95623],{"className":37,"code":95622,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95624,95625,95637,95651,95655],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95626,95627,95629,95631,95633,95635],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95628,34514],{"class":50},[44,95630,55],{"class":54},[44,95632,1438],{"class":66},[44,95634,39968],{"class":70},[44,95636,3176],{"class":66},[44,95638,95639,95641,95643,95645,95647,95649],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,95640,2046],{"class":50},[44,95642,55],{"class":54},[44,95644,40080],{"class":426},[44,95646,63],{"class":62},[44,95648,34535],{"class":97},[44,95650,76],{"class":62},[44,95652,95653],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,95654,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,95656,95657,95659,95661,95663,95665,95667,95669,95671],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,95658,82],{"class":58},[44,95660,63],{"class":62},[44,95662,94431],{"class":58},[44,95664,63],{"class":62},[44,95666,2069],{"class":97},[44,95668,186],{"class":62},[44,95670,711],{"class":452},[44,95672,434],{"class":62},[20,95674,1031],{},[35,95676,95678],{"className":37,"code":95677,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.1\n",[15,95679,95680],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95681,95682],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95683,95677],{"class":452},[600,95685,95687],{"id":95686},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,95689,95690,95692],{},[15,95691,94390],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,95694,95695,95696,497,95700,504],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[491,95697,95698],{"href":500},[15,95699,503],{},[491,95701,95702],{"href":493},[15,95703,496],{},[30,95705,1651],{"id":1650},[600,95707,1655,95709,95711,95712,95714],{"id":95708},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,95710,94390],{}," always round ",[15,95713,40039],{}," up?",[20,95716,95717],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[600,95719,1655,95721,95723],{"id":95720},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,95722,94390],{}," change the original number?",[20,95725,95726],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[600,95728,4997,95730,95732],{"id":95729},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,95731,94390],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,95734,95735,95736,95738,95739,497,95741,504],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,95737,94540],{}," value like ",[15,95740,65484],{},[15,95742,95040],{},[600,95744,28159,95746,95748,95749,213],{"id":95745},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,95747,94390],{}," on a string like ",[15,95750,47719],{},[20,95752,95753,95754,497,95756,504],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,95755,503],{},[15,95757,496],{},[30,95759,1719],{"id":1718},[126,95761,95762,95768,95774,95778],{},[129,95763,95764],{},[491,95765,13,95766,1738],{"href":500},[15,95767,503],{},[129,95769,95770],{},[491,95771,13,95772,1738],{"href":493},[15,95773,496],{},[129,95775,95776],{},[491,95777,2251],{"href":2250},[129,95779,95780],{},[491,95781,41996],{"href":40715},[1758,95783,95784],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":95786},[95787,95788,95790,95791,95793,95795,95797,95798,95799,95801,95808,95818],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":94482,"depth":79,"text":95789},"What round() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":94636,"depth":79,"text":95792},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94774,"depth":79,"text":95794},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":94931,"depth":79,"text":95796},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95052,"depth":79,"text":95053},{"id":95235,"depth":79,"text":95236},{"id":95383,"depth":79,"text":95800},"When to use round()",{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486,"children":95802},[95803,95805,95806,95807],{"id":95457,"depth":419,"text":95804},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95518,"depth":419,"text":95519},{"id":95604,"depth":419,"text":95605},{"id":95686,"depth":419,"text":95687},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":95809},[95810,95812,95814,95816],{"id":95708,"depth":419,"text":95811},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95720,"depth":419,"text":95813},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95729,"depth":419,"text":95815},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95745,"depth":419,"text":95817},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94382,"description":95819},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":95826,"title":95827,"body":95828,"description":97013,"extension":1796,"meta":97014,"navigation":807,"path":97015,"seo":97016,"stem":97017,"__hash__":97018},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":95829,"toc":96987},[95830,95837,95843,95846,95848,95897,95901,95926,95931,95936,95941,95955,95966,95968,95987,95989,96005,96008,96019,96021,96023,96084,96088,96121,96128,96135,96138,96171,96174,96178,96181,96234,96238,96259,96265,96272,96279,96340,96348,96425,96429,96441,96450,96452,96458,96464,96468,96521,96524,96582,96586,96594,96597,96601,96604,96614,96616,96713,96716,96727,96730,96773,96777,96801,96804,96810,96812,96816,96841,96843,96910,96919,96921,96927,96932,96936,96939,96943,96950,96954,96959,96961,96978,96984],[10,95831,95833,95834,11147],{"id":95832},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,95835,95836],{},"add()",[20,95838,95839,95842],{},[15,95840,95841],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,95844,95845],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[30,95847,33],{"id":32},[35,95849,95851],{"className":37,"code":95850,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,95852,95853,95873,95887],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95854,95855,95857,95859,95861,95863,95865,95867,95869,95871],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95856,3435],{"class":50},[44,95858,55],{"class":54},[44,95860,10313],{"class":62},[44,95862,2807],{"class":452},[44,95864,186],{"class":62},[44,95866,2812],{"class":452},[44,95868,186],{"class":62},[44,95870,2282],{"class":452},[44,95872,9130],{"class":62},[44,95874,95875,95877,95879,95881,95883,95885],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,95876,3467],{"class":50},[44,95878,504],{"class":62},[44,95880,81736],{"class":97},[44,95882,63],{"class":62},[44,95884,1125],{"class":452},[44,95886,76],{"class":62},[44,95888,95889,95891,95893,95895],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,95890,82],{"class":58},[44,95892,63],{"class":62},[44,95894,3467],{"class":97},[44,95896,76],{"class":62},[20,95898,95899],{},[3563,95900,1031],{},[35,95902,95904],{"className":37,"code":95903,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,95905,95906],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95907,95908,95910,95912,95914,95916,95918,95920,95922,95924],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95909,9100],{"class":62},[44,95911,2807],{"class":452},[44,95913,186],{"class":62},[44,95915,2812],{"class":452},[44,95917,186],{"class":62},[44,95919,2282],{"class":452},[44,95921,186],{"class":62},[44,95923,2287],{"class":452},[44,95925,9130],{"class":62},[20,95927,103,95928,95930],{},[15,95929,95836],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[30,95932,113,95934,116],{"id":95933},"what-setadd-does",[15,95935,95841],{},[20,95937,95938,95940],{},[15,95939,95841],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[126,95942,95943,95946,95949,95952],{},[129,95944,95945],{},"Adds one item to a set",[129,95947,95948],{},"Changes the original set in place",[129,95950,95951],{},"Does not return a new set",[129,95953,95954],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,95956,95957,95958,497,95962,504],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[491,95959,95961],{"href":95960},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[491,95963,95965],{"href":95964},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[30,95967,250],{"id":249},[35,95969,95971],{"className":37,"code":95970,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,95972,95973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95974,95975,95977,95979,95981,95983,95985],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95976,15494],{"class":50},[44,95978,504],{"class":62},[44,95980,81736],{"class":97},[44,95982,63],{"class":62},[44,95984,23139],{"class":97},[44,95986,76],{"class":62},[20,95988,273],{},[126,95990,95991,95996,95999],{},[129,95992,55536,95993,95995],{},[15,95994,95836],{}," on an existing set",[129,95997,95998],{},"Pass exactly one item",[129,96000,96001,96002],{},"The item must be ",[3563,96003,96004],{},"hashable",[20,96006,96007],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[126,96009,96010,96012,96014,96017],{},[129,96011,56089],{},[129,96013,56092],{},[129,96015,96016],{},"Tuples",[129,96018,40420],{},[30,96020,11300],{"id":11299},[20,96022,11303],{},[35,96024,96026],{"className":37,"code":96025,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96027,96028,96052,96070,96074],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96029,96030,96032,96034,96036,96038,96040,96042,96044,96046,96048,96050],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96031,12901],{"class":50},[44,96033,55],{"class":54},[44,96035,10313],{"class":62},[44,96037,67],{"class":66},[44,96039,12918],{"class":70},[44,96041,67],{"class":66},[44,96043,186],{"class":62},[44,96045,1438],{"class":66},[44,96047,12935],{"class":70},[44,96049,67],{"class":66},[44,96051,9130],{"class":62},[44,96053,96054,96056,96058,96060,96062,96064,96066,96068],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,96055,17332],{"class":50},[44,96057,504],{"class":62},[44,96059,81736],{"class":97},[44,96061,63],{"class":62},[44,96063,67],{"class":66},[44,96065,17285],{"class":70},[44,96067,67],{"class":66},[44,96069,76],{"class":62},[44,96071,96072],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,96073,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,96075,96076,96078,96080,96082],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,96077,82],{"class":58},[44,96079,63],{"class":62},[44,96081,17332],{"class":97},[44,96083,76],{"class":62},[20,96085,96086],{},[3563,96087,194],{},[35,96089,96091],{"className":37,"code":96090,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96092,96093],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96094,96095,96097,96099,96101,96103,96105,96107,96109,96111,96113,96115,96117,96119],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96096,9100],{"class":62},[44,96098,476],{"class":66},[44,96100,12918],{"class":70},[44,96102,476],{"class":66},[44,96104,186],{"class":62},[44,96106,470],{"class":66},[44,96108,17285],{"class":70},[44,96110,476],{"class":66},[44,96112,186],{"class":62},[44,96114,470],{"class":66},[44,96116,12935],{"class":70},[44,96118,476],{"class":66},[44,96120,9130],{"class":62},[20,96122,96123,96124,96127],{},"The new value ",[15,96125,96126],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96129,96130,96131,96134],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[3563,96132,96133],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96136,96137],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[35,96139,96141],{"className":37,"code":96140,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96142,96143],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96144,96145,96147,96149,96151,96153,96155,96157,96159,96161,96163,96165,96167,96169],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96146,9100],{"class":62},[44,96148,476],{"class":66},[44,96150,12935],{"class":70},[44,96152,476],{"class":66},[44,96154,186],{"class":62},[44,96156,470],{"class":66},[44,96158,12918],{"class":70},[44,96160,476],{"class":66},[44,96162,186],{"class":62},[44,96164,470],{"class":66},[44,96166,17285],{"class":70},[44,96168,476],{"class":66},[44,96170,9130],{"class":62},[20,96172,96173],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[30,96175,96177],{"id":96176},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96179,96180],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[35,96182,96184],{"className":37,"code":96183,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96185,96186,96206,96220,96224],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96187,96188,96190,96192,96194,96196,96198,96200,96202,96204],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96189,3435],{"class":50},[44,96191,55],{"class":54},[44,96193,10313],{"class":62},[44,96195,2807],{"class":452},[44,96197,186],{"class":62},[44,96199,2812],{"class":452},[44,96201,186],{"class":62},[44,96203,2282],{"class":452},[44,96205,9130],{"class":62},[44,96207,96208,96210,96212,96214,96216,96218],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,96209,3467],{"class":50},[44,96211,504],{"class":62},[44,96213,81736],{"class":97},[44,96215,63],{"class":62},[44,96217,1889],{"class":452},[44,96219,76],{"class":62},[44,96221,96222],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,96223,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,96225,96226,96228,96230,96232],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,96227,82],{"class":58},[44,96229,63],{"class":62},[44,96231,3467],{"class":97},[44,96233,76],{"class":62},[20,96235,96236],{},[3563,96237,1031],{},[35,96239,96241],{"className":37,"code":96240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96242,96243],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96244,96245,96247,96249,96251,96253,96255,96257],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96246,9100],{"class":62},[44,96248,2807],{"class":452},[44,96250,186],{"class":62},[44,96252,2812],{"class":452},[44,96254,186],{"class":62},[44,96256,2282],{"class":452},[44,96258,9130],{"class":62},[20,96260,96261,96262,96264],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96263,1889],{}," was already present.",[30,96266,96268,10408,96270],{"id":96267},"add-vs-update",[15,96269,95836],{},[15,96271,14781],{},[20,96273,103,96274,96276,96277,504],{},[15,96275,95836],{}," when you want to add ",[3563,96278,52283],{},[35,96280,96282],{"className":37,"code":96281,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96283,96284,96308,96326,96330],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96285,96286,96288,96290,96292,96294,96296,96298,96300,96302,96304,96306],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96287,35915],{"class":50},[44,96289,55],{"class":54},[44,96291,10313],{"class":62},[44,96293,67],{"class":66},[44,96295,491],{"class":70},[44,96297,67],{"class":66},[44,96299,186],{"class":62},[44,96301,1438],{"class":66},[44,96303,4587],{"class":70},[44,96305,67],{"class":66},[44,96307,9130],{"class":62},[44,96309,96310,96312,96314,96316,96318,96320,96322,96324],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,96311,35968],{"class":50},[44,96313,504],{"class":62},[44,96315,81736],{"class":97},[44,96317,63],{"class":62},[44,96319,67],{"class":66},[44,96321,9561],{"class":70},[44,96323,67],{"class":66},[44,96325,76],{"class":62},[44,96327,96328],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,96329,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,96331,96332,96334,96336,96338],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,96333,82],{"class":58},[44,96335,63],{"class":62},[44,96337,35968],{"class":97},[44,96339,76],{"class":62},[20,96341,103,96342,96276,96344,96347],{},[15,96343,14781],{},[3563,96345,96346],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[35,96349,96351],{"className":37,"code":96350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96352,96353,96377,96411,96415],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96354,96355,96357,96359,96361,96363,96365,96367,96369,96371,96373,96375],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96356,35915],{"class":50},[44,96358,55],{"class":54},[44,96360,10313],{"class":62},[44,96362,67],{"class":66},[44,96364,491],{"class":70},[44,96366,67],{"class":66},[44,96368,186],{"class":62},[44,96370,1438],{"class":66},[44,96372,4587],{"class":70},[44,96374,67],{"class":66},[44,96376,9130],{"class":62},[44,96378,96379,96381,96383,96385,96387,96389,96391,96393,96395,96397,96399,96401,96403,96405,96407,96409],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,96380,35968],{"class":50},[44,96382,504],{"class":62},[44,96384,30291],{"class":97},[44,96386,2804],{"class":62},[44,96388,67],{"class":66},[44,96390,9561],{"class":70},[44,96392,67],{"class":66},[44,96394,186],{"class":62},[44,96396,1438],{"class":66},[44,96398,18598],{"class":70},[44,96400,67],{"class":66},[44,96402,186],{"class":62},[44,96404,1438],{"class":66},[44,96406,60076],{"class":70},[44,96408,67],{"class":66},[44,96410,3711],{"class":62},[44,96412,96413],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,96414,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,96416,96417,96419,96421,96423],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,96418,82],{"class":58},[44,96420,63],{"class":62},[44,96422,35968],{"class":97},[44,96424,76],{"class":62},[600,96426,96428],{"id":96427},"key-difference","Key difference",[126,96430,96431,96436],{},[129,96432,96433,96435],{},[15,96434,95836],{}," adds one item",[129,96437,96438,96440],{},[15,96439,14781],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96442,96443,96444,504],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[491,96445,96447,96448,10564],{"href":96446},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96449,14781],{},[30,96451,17248],{"id":17247},[20,96453,96454,2228,96456,504],{},[15,96455,95841],{},[15,96457,3599],{},[20,96459,96460,96461,96463],{},"That means you should ",[3563,96462,4457],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[600,96465,96467],{"id":96466},"correct","Correct",[35,96469,96471],{"className":37,"code":96470,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96472,96473,96493,96507,96511],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96474,96475,96477,96479,96481,96483,96485,96487,96489,96491],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96476,15456],{"class":50},[44,96478,55],{"class":54},[44,96480,10313],{"class":62},[44,96482,2807],{"class":452},[44,96484,186],{"class":62},[44,96486,2812],{"class":452},[44,96488,186],{"class":62},[44,96490,2282],{"class":452},[44,96492,9130],{"class":62},[44,96494,96495,96497,96499,96501,96503,96505],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,96496,15494],{"class":50},[44,96498,504],{"class":62},[44,96500,81736],{"class":97},[44,96502,63],{"class":62},[44,96504,1125],{"class":452},[44,96506,76],{"class":62},[44,96508,96509],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,96510,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,96512,96513,96515,96517,96519],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,96514,82],{"class":58},[44,96516,63],{"class":62},[44,96518,15494],{"class":97},[44,96520,76],{"class":62},[600,96522,96523],{"id":61398},"Wrong",[35,96525,96527],{"className":37,"code":96526,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96528,96529,96549,96568,96572],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96530,96531,96533,96535,96537,96539,96541,96543,96545,96547],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96532,15456],{"class":50},[44,96534,55],{"class":54},[44,96536,10313],{"class":62},[44,96538,2807],{"class":452},[44,96540,186],{"class":62},[44,96542,2812],{"class":452},[44,96544,186],{"class":62},[44,96546,2282],{"class":452},[44,96548,9130],{"class":62},[44,96550,96551,96553,96555,96558,96560,96562,96564,96566],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,96552,15456],{"class":50},[44,96554,55],{"class":54},[44,96556,96557],{"class":50}," my_set",[44,96559,504],{"class":62},[44,96561,81736],{"class":97},[44,96563,63],{"class":62},[44,96565,1125],{"class":452},[44,96567,76],{"class":62},[44,96569,96570],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,96571,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,96573,96574,96576,96578,96580],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,96575,82],{"class":58},[44,96577,63],{"class":62},[44,96579,15494],{"class":97},[44,96581,76],{"class":62},[20,96583,96584],{},[3563,96585,1031],{},[35,96587,96588],{"className":37,"code":11633,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,96589,96590],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96591,96592],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96593,11633],{"class":3674},[20,96595,96596],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[30,96598,96600],{"id":96599},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96602,96603],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[126,96605,96606,96608,96610,96612],{},[129,96607,56089],{},[129,96609,56092],{},[129,96611,96016],{},[129,96613,40420],{},[20,96615,145],{},[35,96617,96619],{"className":37,"code":96618,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96620,96621,96631,96635,96649,96667,96685,96699,96703],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96622,96623,96625,96627,96629],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96624,7609],{"class":50},[44,96626,55],{"class":54},[44,96628,15461],{"class":426},[44,96630,345],{"class":62},[44,96632,96633],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,96634,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,96636,96637,96639,96641,96643,96645,96647],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,96638,7640],{"class":50},[44,96640,504],{"class":62},[44,96642,81736],{"class":97},[44,96644,63],{"class":62},[44,96646,2161],{"class":452},[44,96648,76],{"class":62},[44,96650,96651,96653,96655,96657,96659,96661,96663,96665],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,96652,7640],{"class":50},[44,96654,504],{"class":62},[44,96656,81736],{"class":97},[44,96658,63],{"class":62},[44,96660,67],{"class":66},[44,96662,3667],{"class":70},[44,96664,67],{"class":66},[44,96666,76],{"class":62},[44,96668,96669,96671,96673,96675,96677,96679,96681,96683],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,96670,7640],{"class":50},[44,96672,504],{"class":62},[44,96674,81736],{"class":97},[44,96676,5339],{"class":62},[44,96678,2807],{"class":452},[44,96680,186],{"class":62},[44,96682,2812],{"class":452},[44,96684,434],{"class":62},[44,96686,96687,96689,96691,96693,96695,96697],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,96688,7640],{"class":50},[44,96690,504],{"class":62},[44,96692,81736],{"class":97},[44,96694,63],{"class":62},[44,96696,3420],{"class":3674},[44,96698,76],{"class":62},[44,96700,96701],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,96702,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,96704,96705,96707,96709,96711],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,96706,82],{"class":58},[44,96708,63],{"class":62},[44,96710,7640],{"class":97},[44,96712,76],{"class":62},[20,96714,96715],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[126,96717,96718,96721,96724],{},[129,96719,96720],{},"Lists",[129,96722,96723],{},"Dictionaries",[129,96725,96726],{},"Sets",[20,96728,96729],{},"Example that causes an error:",[35,96731,96733],{"className":37,"code":96732,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,96734,96735,96755],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96736,96737,96739,96741,96743,96745,96747,96749,96751,96753],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96738,7609],{"class":50},[44,96740,55],{"class":54},[44,96742,10313],{"class":62},[44,96744,2807],{"class":452},[44,96746,186],{"class":62},[44,96748,2812],{"class":452},[44,96750,186],{"class":62},[44,96752,2282],{"class":452},[44,96754,9130],{"class":62},[44,96756,96757,96759,96761,96763,96765,96767,96769,96771],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,96758,7640],{"class":50},[44,96760,504],{"class":62},[44,96762,81736],{"class":97},[44,96764,2804],{"class":62},[44,96766,1125],{"class":452},[44,96768,186],{"class":62},[44,96770,4431],{"class":452},[44,96772,3711],{"class":62},[20,96774,96775],{},[3563,96776,29511],{},[35,96778,96780],{"className":37,"code":96779,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,96781,96782],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96783,96784,96786,96788,96791,96793,96795,96797,96799],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96785,2825],{"class":426},[44,96787,449],{"class":62},[44,96789,96790],{"class":50}," unhashable ",[44,96792,427],{"class":426},[44,96794,449],{"class":62},[44,96796,470],{"class":66},[44,96798,7921],{"class":70},[44,96800,29530],{"class":66},[20,96802,96803],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,96805,96806,96807,504],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,96808,96809],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[30,96811,1486],{"id":1485},[20,96813,14560,96814,449],{},[15,96815,95841],{},[126,96817,96818,96823,96828,96831,96838],{},[129,96819,8243,96820,96822],{},[15,96821,95836],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[129,96824,8279,96825,96827],{},[15,96826,95836],{}," to return the updated set",[129,96829,96830],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[129,96832,37030,96833,96835,96836],{},[15,96834,95841],{}," with list ",[15,96837,52279],{},[129,96839,96840],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,96842,71136],{},[35,96844,96846],{"className":37,"code":96845,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,96847,96848,96858,96872,96882,96896],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96849,96850,96852,96854,96856],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96851,82],{"class":58},[44,96853,63],{"class":62},[44,96855,15494],{"class":97},[44,96857,76],{"class":62},[44,96859,96860,96862,96864,96866,96868,96870],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,96861,82],{"class":58},[44,96863,63],{"class":62},[44,96865,427],{"class":426},[44,96867,63],{"class":62},[44,96869,15494],{"class":97},[44,96871,434],{"class":62},[44,96873,96874,96876,96878,96880],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,96875,82],{"class":58},[44,96877,63],{"class":62},[44,96879,354],{"class":97},[44,96881,76],{"class":62},[44,96883,96884,96886,96888,96890,96892,96894],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,96885,82],{"class":58},[44,96887,63],{"class":62},[44,96889,427],{"class":426},[44,96891,63],{"class":62},[44,96893,354],{"class":97},[44,96895,434],{"class":62},[44,96897,96898,96900,96902,96904,96906,96908],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,96899,31978],{"class":58},[44,96901,63],{"class":62},[44,96903,6116],{"class":426},[44,96905,504],{"class":62},[44,96907,81736],{"class":24579},[44,96909,76],{"class":62},[20,96911,96912,96913,96915,96916,504],{},"Also remember that ",[15,96914,95841],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[491,96917,52676],{"href":96918},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[30,96920,1651],{"id":1650},[600,96922,1655,96924,96926],{"id":96923},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,96925,95841],{}," return a new set?",[20,96928,96929,96930,504],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,96931,3599],{},[600,96933,96935],{"id":96934},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,96937,96938],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[600,96940,96942],{"id":96941},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,96944,103,96945,10916,96948,504],{},[15,96946,96947],{},"set.update()",[15,96949,95836],{},[600,96951,96953],{"id":96952},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,96955,96956,96957,504],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,96958,2825],{},[30,96960,1719],{"id":1718},[126,96962,96963,96967,96972],{},[129,96964,96965],{},[491,96966,95961],{"href":95960},[129,96968,96969],{},[491,96970,96971],{"href":95964},"How to create a set in Python",[129,96973,96974],{},[491,96975,96447,96976,10564],{"href":96446},[15,96977,14781],{},[20,96979,96980,96981,96983],{},"Once you understand ",[15,96982,95836],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1758,96985,96986],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":96988},[96989,96990,96992,96993,96994,96995,96999,97003,97004,97005,97012],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":95933,"depth":79,"text":96991},"What set.add() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":11299,"depth":79,"text":11300},{"id":96176,"depth":79,"text":96177},{"id":96267,"depth":79,"text":96996,"children":96997},"add() vs update()",[96998],{"id":96427,"depth":419,"text":96428},{"id":17247,"depth":79,"text":17248,"children":97000},[97001,97002],{"id":96466,"depth":419,"text":96467},{"id":61398,"depth":419,"text":96523},{"id":96599,"depth":79,"text":96600},{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":97006},[97007,97009,97010,97011],{"id":96923,"depth":419,"text":97008},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":96934,"depth":419,"text":96935},{"id":96941,"depth":419,"text":96942},{"id":96952,"depth":419,"text":96953},{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":95827,"description":97013},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97020,"title":97021,"body":97022,"description":98191,"extension":1796,"meta":98192,"navigation":807,"path":98193,"seo":98194,"stem":98195,"__hash__":98196},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97023,"toc":98158},[97024,97029,97035,97042,97087,97089,97100,97105,97110,97114,97128,97133,97135,97137,97152,97154,97168,97170,97172,97237,97239,97249,97251,97269,97275,97282,97287,97361,97363,97380,97386,97391,97462,97464,97491,97508,97511,97517,97519,97526,97530,97597,97599,97614,97617,97670,97672,97680,97692,97694,97698,97703,97705,97754,97756,97764,97766,97811,97813,97823,97829,97837,97850,97856,97858,97887,97889,97907,97911,97914,97945,97947,97965,97969,98044,98046,98062,98069,98071,98076,98081,98087,98090,98094,98102,98109,98117,98119,98155],[10,97025,95833,97027,11147],{"id":97026},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97028,11146],{},[20,97030,97031,97034],{},[15,97032,97033],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97036,97037,97038,97041],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[3563,97039,97040],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[35,97043,97045],{"className":37,"code":97044,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97046,97047,97067,97077],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97048,97049,97051,97053,97055,97057,97059,97061,97063,97065],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97050,3435],{"class":50},[44,97052,55],{"class":54},[44,97054,10313],{"class":62},[44,97056,2807],{"class":452},[44,97058,186],{"class":62},[44,97060,2812],{"class":452},[44,97062,186],{"class":62},[44,97064,2282],{"class":452},[44,97066,9130],{"class":62},[44,97068,97069,97071,97073,97075],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,97070,3467],{"class":50},[44,97072,504],{"class":62},[44,97074,11208],{"class":97},[44,97076,345],{"class":62},[44,97078,97079,97081,97083,97085],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,97080,82],{"class":58},[44,97082,63],{"class":62},[44,97084,3467],{"class":97},[44,97086,76],{"class":62},[20,97088,1031],{},[35,97090,97092],{"className":37,"code":97091,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\n",[15,97093,97094],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97095,97096,97098],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97097,6116],{"class":426},[44,97099,345],{"class":62},[20,97101,97102,97104],{},[15,97103,11146],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[30,97106,113,97108,116],{"id":97107},"what-setclear-does",[15,97109,97033],{},[20,97111,22,97112,11238],{},[15,97113,11146],{},[126,97115,97116,97119,97121,97125],{},[129,97117,97118],{},"Removes every item from a set",[129,97120,95948],{},[129,97122,11249,97123],{},[15,97124,3599],{},[129,97126,97127],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97129,95957,97130,71235],{},[491,97131,95961],{"href":97132},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[30,97134,250],{"id":249},[20,97136,54074],{},[35,97138,97140],{"className":37,"code":97139,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97141,97142],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97143,97144,97146,97148,97150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97145,15494],{"class":50},[44,97147,504],{"class":62},[44,97149,11208],{"class":97},[44,97151,345],{"class":62},[20,97153,12877],{},[126,97155,97156,97159,97162,97165],{},[129,97157,97158],{},"It takes no arguments",[129,97160,97161],{},"It empties the set",[129,97163,97164],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[129,97166,97167],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[30,97169,11300],{"id":11299},[20,97171,11303],{},[35,97173,97175],{"className":37,"code":97174,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97176,97177,97209,97213,97223,97227],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97178,97179,97181,97183,97185,97187,97189,97191,97193,97195,97197,97199,97201,97203,97205,97207],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97180,12901],{"class":50},[44,97182,55],{"class":54},[44,97184,10313],{"class":62},[44,97186,67],{"class":66},[44,97188,12918],{"class":70},[44,97190,67],{"class":66},[44,97192,186],{"class":62},[44,97194,1438],{"class":66},[44,97196,17285],{"class":70},[44,97198,67],{"class":66},[44,97200,186],{"class":62},[44,97202,1438],{"class":66},[44,97204,12935],{"class":70},[44,97206,67],{"class":66},[44,97208,9130],{"class":62},[44,97210,97211],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,97212,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,97214,97215,97217,97219,97221],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,97216,17332],{"class":50},[44,97218,504],{"class":62},[44,97220,11208],{"class":97},[44,97222,345],{"class":62},[44,97224,97225],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,97226,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,97228,97229,97231,97233,97235],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,97230,82],{"class":58},[44,97232,63],{"class":62},[44,97234,17332],{"class":97},[44,97236,76],{"class":62},[20,97238,1031],{},[35,97240,97241],{"className":37,"code":97091,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97242,97243],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97244,97245,97247],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97246,6116],{"class":426},[44,97248,345],{"class":62},[20,97250,11509],{},[126,97252,97253,97258,97263],{},[129,97254,97255,97257],{},[15,97256,17332],{}," starts with three values",[129,97259,97260,11522],{},[15,97261,97262],{},"colors.clear()",[129,97264,97265,97266,97268],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97267,3618],{},", which means an empty set",[30,97270,97272,97274],{"id":97271},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97273,11146],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97276,97277,1126,97279,97281],{},[15,97278,11146],{},[15,97280,3618],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[600,97283,8243,97285],{"id":97284},"using-clear",[15,97286,11146],{},[35,97288,97290],{"className":37,"code":97289,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97291,97292,97312,97322,97326,97336,97340,97350],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97293,97294,97296,97298,97300,97302,97304,97306,97308,97310],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97295,7609],{"class":50},[44,97297,55],{"class":54},[44,97299,10313],{"class":62},[44,97301,2807],{"class":452},[44,97303,186],{"class":62},[44,97305,2812],{"class":452},[44,97307,186],{"class":62},[44,97309,2282],{"class":452},[44,97311,9130],{"class":62},[44,97313,97314,97317,97319],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,97315,97316],{"class":50},"other_name ",[44,97318,55],{"class":54},[44,97320,97321],{"class":50}," items\n",[44,97323,97324],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,97325,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,97327,97328,97330,97332,97334],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,97329,7640],{"class":50},[44,97331,504],{"class":62},[44,97333,11208],{"class":97},[44,97335,345],{"class":62},[44,97337,97338],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,97339,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,97341,97342,97344,97346,97348],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,97343,82],{"class":58},[44,97345,63],{"class":62},[44,97347,7640],{"class":97},[44,97349,76],{"class":62},[44,97351,97352,97354,97356,97359],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,97353,82],{"class":58},[44,97355,63],{"class":62},[44,97357,97358],{"class":97},"other_name",[44,97360,76],{"class":62},[20,97362,1031],{},[35,97364,97366],{"className":37,"code":97365,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97367,97368,97374],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97369,97370,97372],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97371,6116],{"class":426},[44,97373,345],{"class":62},[44,97375,97376,97378],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,97377,6116],{"class":426},[44,97379,345],{"class":62},[20,97381,97382,97383,504],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[3563,97384,97385],{},"same set object",[600,97387,8243,97389],{"id":97388},"using-set",[15,97390,3618],{},[35,97392,97394],{"className":37,"code":97393,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97395,97396,97416,97424,97428,97438,97442,97452],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97397,97398,97400,97402,97404,97406,97408,97410,97412,97414],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97399,7609],{"class":50},[44,97401,55],{"class":54},[44,97403,10313],{"class":62},[44,97405,2807],{"class":452},[44,97407,186],{"class":62},[44,97409,2812],{"class":452},[44,97411,186],{"class":62},[44,97413,2282],{"class":452},[44,97415,9130],{"class":62},[44,97417,97418,97420,97422],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,97419,97316],{"class":50},[44,97421,55],{"class":54},[44,97423,97321],{"class":50},[44,97425,97426],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,97427,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,97429,97430,97432,97434,97436],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,97431,7609],{"class":50},[44,97433,55],{"class":54},[44,97435,15461],{"class":426},[44,97437,345],{"class":62},[44,97439,97440],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,97441,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,97443,97444,97446,97448,97450],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,97445,82],{"class":58},[44,97447,63],{"class":62},[44,97449,7640],{"class":97},[44,97451,76],{"class":62},[44,97453,97454,97456,97458,97460],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,97455,82],{"class":58},[44,97457,63],{"class":62},[44,97459,97358],{"class":97},[44,97461,76],{"class":62},[20,97463,1031],{},[35,97465,97467],{"className":37,"code":97466,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97468,97469,97475],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97470,97471,97473],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97472,6116],{"class":426},[44,97474,345],{"class":62},[44,97476,97477,97479,97481,97483,97485,97487,97489],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,97478,9100],{"class":62},[44,97480,2807],{"class":452},[44,97482,186],{"class":62},[44,97484,2812],{"class":452},[44,97486,186],{"class":62},[44,97488,2282],{"class":452},[44,97490,9130],{"class":62},[20,97492,20599,97493,92725,97496,97499,97500,504,97502,97504,97505,97507],{},[15,97494,97495],{},"items = set()",[3563,97497,97498],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97501,7640],{},[9668,97503],{},"\nBut ",[15,97506,97358],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97509,97510],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97512,97513,97514,504],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[491,97515,95965],{"href":97516},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[30,97518,17248],{"id":17247},[20,97520,97521,13880,97523,97525],{},[15,97522,11146],{},[3563,97524,4457],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97527,4976,97528,504],{},[15,97529,3599],{},[35,97531,97533],{"className":37,"code":97532,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97534,97535,97555,97559,97573,97577,97587],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97536,97537,97539,97541,97543,97545,97547,97549,97551,97553],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97538,3435],{"class":50},[44,97540,55],{"class":54},[44,97542,10313],{"class":62},[44,97544,2807],{"class":452},[44,97546,186],{"class":62},[44,97548,2812],{"class":452},[44,97550,186],{"class":62},[44,97552,2282],{"class":452},[44,97554,9130],{"class":62},[44,97556,97557],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,97558,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,97560,97561,97563,97565,97567,97569,97571],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,97562,2059],{"class":50},[44,97564,55],{"class":54},[44,97566,4088],{"class":50},[44,97568,504],{"class":62},[44,97570,11208],{"class":97},[44,97572,345],{"class":62},[44,97574,97575],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,97576,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,97578,97579,97581,97583,97585],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,97580,82],{"class":58},[44,97582,63],{"class":62},[44,97584,2094],{"class":97},[44,97586,76],{"class":62},[44,97588,97589,97591,97593,97595],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,97590,82],{"class":58},[44,97592,63],{"class":62},[44,97594,3467],{"class":97},[44,97596,76],{"class":62},[20,97598,1031],{},[35,97600,97602],{"className":37,"code":97601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\nset()\n",[15,97603,97604,97608],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97605,97606],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97607,11633],{"class":3674},[44,97609,97610,97612],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,97611,6116],{"class":426},[44,97613,345],{"class":62},[20,97615,97616],{},"Do not do this:",[35,97618,97620],{"className":37,"code":97619,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97621,97622,97642,97656,97660],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97623,97624,97626,97628,97630,97632,97634,97636,97638,97640],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97625,3435],{"class":50},[44,97627,55],{"class":54},[44,97629,10313],{"class":62},[44,97631,2807],{"class":452},[44,97633,186],{"class":62},[44,97635,2812],{"class":452},[44,97637,186],{"class":62},[44,97639,2282],{"class":452},[44,97641,9130],{"class":62},[44,97643,97644,97646,97648,97650,97652,97654],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,97645,3435],{"class":50},[44,97647,55],{"class":54},[44,97649,4088],{"class":50},[44,97651,504],{"class":62},[44,97653,11208],{"class":97},[44,97655,345],{"class":62},[44,97657,97658],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,97659,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,97661,97662,97664,97666,97668],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,97663,82],{"class":58},[44,97665,63],{"class":62},[44,97667,3467],{"class":97},[44,97669,76],{"class":62},[20,97671,1031],{},[35,97673,97674],{"className":37,"code":11633,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97675,97676],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97677,97678],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97679,11633],{"class":3674},[20,97681,22017,97682,2228,97684,97686,97687,97689,97690,504],{},[15,97683,54187],{},[15,97685,3599],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97688,3599],{}," back to ",[15,97691,3467],{},[30,97693,4344],{"id":4343},[20,97695,10571,97696,504],{},[15,97697,97033],{},[600,97699,12419,97701],{"id":97700},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,97702,11146],{},[20,97704,16472],{},[35,97706,97708],{"className":37,"code":97707,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97709,97710,97730,97744],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97711,97712,97714,97716,97718,97720,97722,97724,97726,97728],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97713,15456],{"class":50},[44,97715,55],{"class":54},[44,97717,10313],{"class":62},[44,97719,2807],{"class":452},[44,97721,186],{"class":62},[44,97723,2812],{"class":452},[44,97725,186],{"class":62},[44,97727,2282],{"class":452},[44,97729,9130],{"class":62},[44,97731,97732,97734,97736,97738,97740,97742],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,97733,15456],{"class":50},[44,97735,55],{"class":54},[44,97737,96557],{"class":50},[44,97739,504],{"class":62},[44,97741,11208],{"class":97},[44,97743,345],{"class":62},[44,97745,97746,97748,97750,97752],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,97747,82],{"class":58},[44,97749,63],{"class":62},[44,97751,15494],{"class":97},[44,97753,76],{"class":62},[20,97755,1031],{},[35,97757,97758],{"className":37,"code":11633,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97759,97760],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97761,97762],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97763,11633],{"class":3674},[20,97765,16484],{},[35,97767,97769],{"className":37,"code":97768,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97770,97771,97791,97801],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97772,97773,97775,97777,97779,97781,97783,97785,97787,97789],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97774,15456],{"class":50},[44,97776,55],{"class":54},[44,97778,10313],{"class":62},[44,97780,2807],{"class":452},[44,97782,186],{"class":62},[44,97784,2812],{"class":452},[44,97786,186],{"class":62},[44,97788,2282],{"class":452},[44,97790,9130],{"class":62},[44,97792,97793,97795,97797,97799],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,97794,15494],{"class":50},[44,97796,504],{"class":62},[44,97798,11208],{"class":97},[44,97800,345],{"class":62},[44,97802,97803,97805,97807,97809],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,97804,82],{"class":58},[44,97806,63],{"class":62},[44,97808,15494],{"class":97},[44,97810,76],{"class":62},[20,97812,1031],{},[35,97814,97815],{"className":37,"code":97091,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97816,97817],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97818,97819,97821],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97820,6116],{"class":426},[44,97822,345],{"class":62},[600,97824,8279,97826,97828],{"id":97825},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,97827,11146],{}," to remove only one item",[20,97830,97831,97833,97834,97836],{},[15,97832,11146],{}," removes ",[3563,97835,3535],{}," items from the set.",[20,97838,97839,97840,497,97845,504],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[491,97841,97843],{"href":97842},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,97844,55156],{},[491,97846,97848],{"href":97847},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,97849,12587],{},[600,97851,8243,97853,97855],{"id":97852},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,97854,3613],{}," for an empty set",[20,97857,25520],{},[35,97859,97861],{"className":37,"code":97860,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,97862,97863,97872],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97864,97865,97868,97870],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97866,97867],{"class":50},"empty_value ",[44,97869,55],{"class":54},[44,97871,9660],{"class":62},[44,97873,97874,97876,97878,97880,97882,97885],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,97875,82],{"class":58},[44,97877,63],{"class":62},[44,97879,427],{"class":426},[44,97881,63],{"class":62},[44,97883,97884],{"class":97},"empty_value",[44,97886,434],{"class":62},[20,97888,1031],{},[35,97890,97891],{"className":37,"code":8633,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97892,97893],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97894,97895,97897,97899,97901,97903,97905],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97896,463],{"class":54},[44,97898,467],{"class":466},[44,97900,470],{"class":66},[44,97902,8646],{"class":70},[44,97904,476],{"class":66},[44,97906,479],{"class":54},[20,97908,97909,8613],{},[15,97910,3613],{},[20,97912,97913],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[35,97915,97917],{"className":37,"code":97916,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,97918,97919,97930],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97920,97921,97924,97926,97928],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97922,97923],{"class":50},"empty_set ",[44,97925,55],{"class":54},[44,97927,15461],{"class":426},[44,97929,345],{"class":62},[44,97931,97932,97934,97936,97938,97940,97943],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,97933,82],{"class":58},[44,97935,63],{"class":62},[44,97937,427],{"class":426},[44,97939,63],{"class":62},[44,97941,97942],{"class":97},"empty_set",[44,97944,434],{"class":62},[20,97946,1031],{},[35,97948,97949],{"className":37,"code":8677,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97950,97951],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97952,97953,97955,97957,97959,97961,97963],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97954,463],{"class":54},[44,97956,467],{"class":466},[44,97958,470],{"class":66},[44,97960,6116],{"class":70},[44,97962,476],{"class":66},[44,97964,479],{"class":54},[600,97966,97968],{"id":97967},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[35,97970,97972],{"className":37,"code":97971,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,97973,97974,97998,98006,98010,98020,98024,98034],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97975,97976,97978,97980,97982,97984,97986,97988,97990,97992,97994,97996],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97977,1070],{"class":50},[44,97979,55],{"class":54},[44,97981,10313],{"class":62},[44,97983,67],{"class":66},[44,97985,2003],{"class":70},[44,97987,67],{"class":66},[44,97989,186],{"class":62},[44,97991,1438],{"class":66},[44,97993,11570],{"class":70},[44,97995,67],{"class":66},[44,97997,9130],{"class":62},[44,97999,98000,98002,98004],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,98001,1089],{"class":50},[44,98003,55],{"class":54},[44,98005,36000],{"class":50},[44,98007,98008],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,98009,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,98011,98012,98014,98016,98018],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,98013,491],{"class":50},[44,98015,504],{"class":62},[44,98017,11208],{"class":97},[44,98019,345],{"class":62},[44,98021,98022],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,98023,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,98025,98026,98028,98030,98032],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,98027,82],{"class":58},[44,98029,63],{"class":62},[44,98031,491],{"class":97},[44,98033,76],{"class":62},[44,98035,98036,98038,98040,98042],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,98037,82],{"class":58},[44,98039,63],{"class":62},[44,98041,4587],{"class":97},[44,98043,76],{"class":62},[20,98045,1031],{},[35,98047,98048],{"className":37,"code":97365,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98049,98050,98056],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98051,98052,98054],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98053,6116],{"class":426},[44,98055,345],{"class":62},[44,98057,98058,98060],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,98059,6116],{"class":426},[44,98061,345],{"class":62},[20,98063,1692,98064,1126,98066,98068],{},[15,98065,491],{},[15,98067,4587],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[30,98070,1651],{"id":1650},[600,98072,4970,98074,4973],{"id":98073},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98075,97033],{},[20,98077,4976,98078,98080],{},[15,98079,3599],{},". It empties the set in place.",[600,98082,1655,98084,98086],{"id":98083},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98085,11146],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98088,98089],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[600,98091,98093],{"id":98092},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98095,98096,98097,98099,98100,504],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98098,11146],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98101,3618],{},[600,98103,5007,98105,1126,98107,213],{"id":98104},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98106,11146],{},[15,98108,3618],{},[20,98110,98111,98113,98114,98116],{},[15,98112,11146],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98115,3618],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[30,98118,1719],{"id":1718},[126,98120,98121,98125,98129,98136,98142,98148],{},[129,98122,98123],{},[491,98124,95961],{"href":97132},[129,98126,98127],{},[491,98128,96971],{"href":97516},[129,98130,98131],{},[491,98132,96447,98134,10564],{"href":98133},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98135,95836],{},[129,98137,98138],{},[491,98139,96447,98140,10564],{"href":97842},[15,98141,55156],{},[129,98143,98144],{},[491,98145,96447,98146,10564],{"href":97847},[15,98147,12587],{},[129,98149,98150],{},[491,98151,96447,98153,10564],{"href":98152},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98154,14781],{},[1758,98156,98157],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":98159},[98160,98162,98163,98164,98171,98172,98181,98190],{"id":97107,"depth":79,"text":98161},"What set.clear() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":11299,"depth":79,"text":11300},{"id":97271,"depth":79,"text":98165,"children":98166},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98167,98169],{"id":97284,"depth":419,"text":98168},"Using clear()",{"id":97388,"depth":419,"text":98170},"Using set()",{"id":17247,"depth":79,"text":17248},{"id":4343,"depth":79,"text":4344,"children":98173},[98174,98176,98178,98180],{"id":97700,"depth":419,"text":98175},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":97825,"depth":419,"text":98177},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":97852,"depth":419,"text":98179},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":97967,"depth":419,"text":97968},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":98182},[98183,98185,98187,98188],{"id":98073,"depth":419,"text":98184},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98083,"depth":419,"text":98186},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98092,"depth":419,"text":98093},{"id":98104,"depth":419,"text":98189},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97021,"description":98191},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98198,"title":98199,"body":98200,"description":100032,"extension":1796,"meta":100033,"navigation":807,"path":95964,"seo":100034,"stem":100035,"__hash__":100036},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98201,"toc":99989},[98202,98205,98208,98211,98213,98316,98320,98367,98373,98375,98394,98398,98401,98403,98417,98426,98430,98433,98468,98472,98492,98495,98499,98502,98563,98567,98592,98599,98605,98610,98612,98624,98628,98677,98681,98705,98712,98716,98757,98761,98782,98786,98819,98823,98864,98867,98871,98876,98915,98919,98944,98949,98955,98992,98996,99019,99023,99025,99028,99031,99108,99112,99149,99152,99156,99162,99165,99175,99224,99230,99236,99263,99266,99288,99290,99321,99324,99328,99332,99371,99375,99438,99441,99474,99478,99503,99505,99508,99514,99517,99544,99547,99565,99569,99573,99576,99619,99622,99626,99629,99632,99662,99665,99669,99672,99687,99692,99696,99699,99788,99790,99793,99883,99886,99904,99906,99910,99920,99924,99932,99936,99939,99943,99946,99950,99953,99955,99983,99986],[10,98203,98199],{"id":98204},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98206,98207],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98209,98210],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[30,98212,3425],{"id":3424},[35,98214,98216],{"className":37,"code":98215,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98217,98218,98238,98272,98282,98286,98296,98306],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98219,98220,98222,98224,98226,98228,98230,98232,98234,98236],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98221,3435],{"class":50},[44,98223,55],{"class":54},[44,98225,10313],{"class":62},[44,98227,2807],{"class":452},[44,98229,186],{"class":62},[44,98231,2812],{"class":452},[44,98233,186],{"class":62},[44,98235,2282],{"class":452},[44,98237,9130],{"class":62},[44,98239,98240,98242,98244,98246,98248,98250,98252,98254,98256,98258,98260,98262,98264,98266,98268,98270],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,98241,3894],{"class":50},[44,98243,55],{"class":54},[44,98245,15461],{"class":426},[44,98247,2804],{"class":62},[44,98249,67],{"class":66},[44,98251,3903],{"class":70},[44,98253,67],{"class":66},[44,98255,186],{"class":62},[44,98257,1438],{"class":66},[44,98259,3912],{"class":70},[44,98261,67],{"class":66},[44,98263,186],{"class":62},[44,98265,1438],{"class":66},[44,98267,3903],{"class":70},[44,98269,67],{"class":66},[44,98271,3711],{"class":62},[44,98273,98274,98276,98278,98280],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,98275,97923],{"class":50},[44,98277,55],{"class":54},[44,98279,15461],{"class":426},[44,98281,345],{"class":62},[44,98283,98284],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,98285,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,98287,98288,98290,98292,98294],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,98289,82],{"class":58},[44,98291,63],{"class":62},[44,98293,3467],{"class":97},[44,98295,76],{"class":62},[44,98297,98298,98300,98302,98304],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,98299,82],{"class":58},[44,98301,63],{"class":62},[44,98303,3938],{"class":97},[44,98305,76],{"class":62},[44,98307,98308,98310,98312,98314],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,98309,82],{"class":58},[44,98311,63],{"class":62},[44,98313,97942],{"class":97},[44,98315,76],{"class":62},[20,98317,98318],{},[3563,98319,1031],{},[35,98321,98323],{"className":37,"code":98322,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98324,98325,98341,98361],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98326,98327,98329,98331,98333,98335,98337,98339],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98328,9100],{"class":62},[44,98330,2807],{"class":452},[44,98332,186],{"class":62},[44,98334,2812],{"class":452},[44,98336,186],{"class":62},[44,98338,2282],{"class":452},[44,98340,9130],{"class":62},[44,98342,98343,98345,98347,98349,98351,98353,98355,98357,98359],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,98344,9100],{"class":62},[44,98346,476],{"class":66},[44,98348,3912],{"class":70},[44,98350,476],{"class":66},[44,98352,186],{"class":62},[44,98354,470],{"class":66},[44,98356,3903],{"class":70},[44,98358,476],{"class":66},[44,98360,9130],{"class":62},[44,98362,98363,98365],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,98364,6116],{"class":426},[44,98366,345],{"class":62},[20,98368,98369,98370,98372],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98371,3618],{}," for an empty set.",[30,98374,14990],{"id":14989},[126,98376,98377,98380,98385,98388,98391],{},[129,98378,98379],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[129,98381,98382,98383],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98384,3618],{},[129,98386,98387],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[129,98389,98390],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[129,98392,98393],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[30,98395,98397],{"id":98396},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98399,98400],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98402,30367],{},[126,98404,98405,98408,98411,98414],{},[129,98406,98407],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[129,98409,98410],{},"Sets are unordered",[129,98412,98413],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[129,98415,98416],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98418,98419,98420,497,98422,504],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[491,98421,95961],{"href":97132},[491,98423,98425],{"href":98424},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[30,98427,98429],{"id":98428},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98431,98432],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[35,98434,98436],{"className":37,"code":98435,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98437,98438,98458],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98439,98440,98442,98444,98446,98448,98450,98452,98454,98456],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98441,3435],{"class":50},[44,98443,55],{"class":54},[44,98445,10313],{"class":62},[44,98447,2807],{"class":452},[44,98449,186],{"class":62},[44,98451,2812],{"class":452},[44,98453,186],{"class":62},[44,98455,2282],{"class":452},[44,98457,9130],{"class":62},[44,98459,98460,98462,98464,98466],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,98461,82],{"class":58},[44,98463,63],{"class":62},[44,98465,3467],{"class":97},[44,98467,76],{"class":62},[20,98469,98470],{},[3563,98471,194],{},[35,98473,98474],{"className":37,"code":96240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98475,98476],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98477,98478,98480,98482,98484,98486,98488,98490],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98479,9100],{"class":62},[44,98481,2807],{"class":452},[44,98483,186],{"class":62},[44,98485,2812],{"class":452},[44,98487,186],{"class":62},[44,98489,2282],{"class":452},[44,98491,9130],{"class":62},[20,98493,98494],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[600,98496,98498],{"id":98497},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98500,98501],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[35,98503,98505],{"className":37,"code":98504,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98506,98507,98539,98549],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98508,98509,98511,98513,98515,98517,98519,98521,98523,98525,98527,98529,98531,98533,98535,98537],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98510,3435],{"class":50},[44,98512,55],{"class":54},[44,98514,10313],{"class":62},[44,98516,2807],{"class":452},[44,98518,186],{"class":62},[44,98520,2812],{"class":452},[44,98522,186],{"class":62},[44,98524,2812],{"class":452},[44,98526,186],{"class":62},[44,98528,2282],{"class":452},[44,98530,186],{"class":62},[44,98532,2282],{"class":452},[44,98534,186],{"class":62},[44,98536,2282],{"class":452},[44,98538,9130],{"class":62},[44,98540,98541,98543,98545,98547],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,98542,82],{"class":58},[44,98544,63],{"class":62},[44,98546,3467],{"class":97},[44,98548,76],{"class":62},[44,98550,98551,98553,98555,98557,98559,98561],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,98552,82],{"class":58},[44,98554,63],{"class":62},[44,98556,10986],{"class":58},[44,98558,63],{"class":62},[44,98560,3467],{"class":97},[44,98562,434],{"class":62},[20,98564,98565],{},[3563,98566,194],{},[35,98568,98570],{"className":37,"code":98569,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98571,98572,98588],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98573,98574,98576,98578,98580,98582,98584,98586],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98575,9100],{"class":62},[44,98577,2807],{"class":452},[44,98579,186],{"class":62},[44,98581,2812],{"class":452},[44,98583,186],{"class":62},[44,98585,2282],{"class":452},[44,98587,9130],{"class":62},[44,98589,98590],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,98591,46241],{"class":452},[20,98593,20806,98594,1126,98596,98598],{},[15,98595,1889],{},[15,98597,1894],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[30,98600,98602,98603],{"id":98601},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98604,3618],{},[20,98606,103,98607,98609],{},[15,98608,3618],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98611,5286],{},[126,98613,98614,98616,98618,98620],{},[129,98615,96720],{},[129,98617,96016],{},[129,98619,56092],{},[129,98621,98622],{},[15,98623,36023],{},[600,98625,98627],{"id":98626},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[35,98629,98631],{"className":37,"code":98630,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98632,98633,98667],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98634,98635,98637,98639,98641,98643,98645,98647,98649,98651,98653,98655,98657,98659,98661,98663,98665],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98636,3435],{"class":50},[44,98638,55],{"class":54},[44,98640,15461],{"class":426},[44,98642,2804],{"class":62},[44,98644,2807],{"class":452},[44,98646,186],{"class":62},[44,98648,2812],{"class":452},[44,98650,186],{"class":62},[44,98652,2812],{"class":452},[44,98654,186],{"class":62},[44,98656,2282],{"class":452},[44,98658,186],{"class":62},[44,98660,2282],{"class":452},[44,98662,186],{"class":62},[44,98664,2287],{"class":452},[44,98666,3711],{"class":62},[44,98668,98669,98671,98673,98675],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,98670,82],{"class":58},[44,98672,63],{"class":62},[44,98674,3467],{"class":97},[44,98676,76],{"class":62},[20,98678,98679],{},[3563,98680,194],{},[35,98682,98683],{"className":37,"code":95903,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98684,98685],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98686,98687,98689,98691,98693,98695,98697,98699,98701,98703],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98688,9100],{"class":62},[44,98690,2807],{"class":452},[44,98692,186],{"class":62},[44,98694,2812],{"class":452},[44,98696,186],{"class":62},[44,98698,2282],{"class":452},[44,98700,186],{"class":62},[44,98702,2287],{"class":452},[44,98704,9130],{"class":62},[20,98706,98707,98708,504],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[491,98709,98711],{"href":98710},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[600,98713,98715],{"id":98714},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[35,98717,98719],{"className":37,"code":98718,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,98720,98721,98747],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98722,98723,98725,98727,98729,98731,98733,98735,98737,98739,98741,98743,98745],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98724,3644],{"class":50},[44,98726,55],{"class":54},[44,98728,15461],{"class":426},[44,98730,5339],{"class":62},[44,98732,2161],{"class":452},[44,98734,186],{"class":62},[44,98736,7620],{"class":452},[44,98738,186],{"class":62},[44,98740,7620],{"class":452},[44,98742,186],{"class":62},[44,98744,7625],{"class":452},[44,98746,434],{"class":62},[44,98748,98749,98751,98753,98755],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,98750,82],{"class":58},[44,98752,63],{"class":62},[44,98754,5187],{"class":97},[44,98756,76],{"class":62},[20,98758,98759],{},[3563,98760,194],{},[35,98762,98764],{"className":37,"code":98763,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,98765,98766],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98767,98768,98770,98772,98774,98776,98778,98780],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98769,9100],{"class":62},[44,98771,2161],{"class":452},[44,98773,186],{"class":62},[44,98775,7620],{"class":452},[44,98777,186],{"class":62},[44,98779,7625],{"class":452},[44,98781,9130],{"class":62},[600,98783,98785],{"id":98784},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[35,98787,98789],{"className":37,"code":98788,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,98790,98791,98809],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98792,98793,98795,98797,98799,98801,98803,98805,98807],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98794,35915],{"class":50},[44,98796,55],{"class":54},[44,98798,15461],{"class":426},[44,98800,63],{"class":62},[44,98802,67],{"class":66},[44,98804,3667],{"class":70},[44,98806,67],{"class":66},[44,98808,76],{"class":62},[44,98810,98811,98813,98815,98817],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,98812,82],{"class":58},[44,98814,63],{"class":62},[44,98816,35968],{"class":97},[44,98818,76],{"class":62},[20,98820,98821],{},[3563,98822,194],{},[35,98824,98826],{"className":37,"code":98825,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,98827,98828],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98829,98830,98832,98834,98836,98838,98840,98842,98844,98846,98848,98850,98852,98854,98856,98858,98860,98862],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98831,9100],{"class":62},[44,98833,476],{"class":66},[44,98835,60067],{"class":70},[44,98837,476],{"class":66},[44,98839,186],{"class":62},[44,98841,470],{"class":66},[44,98843,60076],{"class":70},[44,98845,476],{"class":66},[44,98847,186],{"class":62},[44,98849,470],{"class":66},[44,98851,60085],{"class":70},[44,98853,476],{"class":66},[44,98855,186],{"class":62},[44,98857,470],{"class":66},[44,98859,60102],{"class":70},[44,98861,476],{"class":66},[44,98863,9130],{"class":62},[20,98865,98866],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[30,98868,98870],{"id":98869},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,98872,98873,98874,504],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,98875,3618],{},[35,98877,98879],{"className":37,"code":98878,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98880,98881,98891,98901],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98882,98883,98885,98887,98889],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98884,97923],{"class":50},[44,98886,55],{"class":54},[44,98888,15461],{"class":426},[44,98890,345],{"class":62},[44,98892,98893,98895,98897,98899],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,98894,82],{"class":58},[44,98896,63],{"class":62},[44,98898,97942],{"class":97},[44,98900,76],{"class":62},[44,98902,98903,98905,98907,98909,98911,98913],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,98904,82],{"class":58},[44,98906,63],{"class":62},[44,98908,427],{"class":426},[44,98910,63],{"class":62},[44,98912,97942],{"class":97},[44,98914,434],{"class":62},[20,98916,98917],{},[3563,98918,1031],{},[35,98920,98922],{"className":37,"code":98921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,98923,98924,98930],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98925,98926,98928],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98927,6116],{"class":426},[44,98929,345],{"class":62},[44,98931,98932,98934,98936,98938,98940,98942],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,98933,463],{"class":54},[44,98935,467],{"class":466},[44,98937,470],{"class":66},[44,98939,6116],{"class":70},[44,98941,476],{"class":66},[44,98943,479],{"class":54},[600,98945,44243,98947],{"id":98946},"do-not-use",[15,98948,3613],{},[20,98950,98951,98952,98954],{},"Empty braces do ",[3563,98953,4457],{}," create a set.",[35,98956,98958],{"className":37,"code":98957,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98959,98960,98968,98978],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98961,98962,98964,98966],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98963,97867],{"class":50},[44,98965,55],{"class":54},[44,98967,9660],{"class":62},[44,98969,98970,98972,98974,98976],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,98971,82],{"class":58},[44,98973,63],{"class":62},[44,98975,97884],{"class":97},[44,98977,76],{"class":62},[44,98979,98980,98982,98984,98986,98988,98990],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,98981,82],{"class":58},[44,98983,63],{"class":62},[44,98985,427],{"class":426},[44,98987,63],{"class":62},[44,98989,97884],{"class":97},[44,98991,434],{"class":62},[20,98993,98994],{},[3563,98995,1031],{},[35,98997,98999],{"className":37,"code":98998,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99000,99001,99005],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99002,99003],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99004,9256],{"class":62},[44,99006,99007,99009,99011,99013,99015,99017],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,99008,463],{"class":54},[44,99010,467],{"class":466},[44,99012,470],{"class":66},[44,99014,8646],{"class":70},[44,99016,476],{"class":66},[44,99018,479],{"class":54},[20,99020,99021,8613],{},[15,99022,3613],{},[30,99024,71899],{"id":71898},[20,99026,99027],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99029,99030],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[35,99032,99034],{"className":37,"code":99033,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99035,99036,99084,99094],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99037,99038,99040,99042,99044,99046,99048,99050,99052,99054,99056,99058,99060,99062,99064,99066,99068,99070,99072,99074,99076,99078,99080,99082],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99039,3894],{"class":50},[44,99041,55],{"class":54},[44,99043,10313],{"class":62},[44,99045,67],{"class":66},[44,99047,3903],{"class":70},[44,99049,67],{"class":66},[44,99051,186],{"class":62},[44,99053,1438],{"class":66},[44,99055,3912],{"class":70},[44,99057,67],{"class":66},[44,99059,186],{"class":62},[44,99061,1438],{"class":66},[44,99063,3903],{"class":70},[44,99065,67],{"class":66},[44,99067,186],{"class":62},[44,99069,1438],{"class":66},[44,99071,3903],{"class":70},[44,99073,67],{"class":66},[44,99075,186],{"class":62},[44,99077,1438],{"class":66},[44,99079,33046],{"class":70},[44,99081,67],{"class":66},[44,99083,9130],{"class":62},[44,99085,99086,99088,99090,99092],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,99087,82],{"class":58},[44,99089,63],{"class":62},[44,99091,3938],{"class":97},[44,99093,76],{"class":62},[44,99095,99096,99098,99100,99102,99104,99106],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,99097,82],{"class":58},[44,99099,63],{"class":62},[44,99101,10986],{"class":58},[44,99103,63],{"class":62},[44,99105,3938],{"class":97},[44,99107,434],{"class":62},[20,99109,99110],{},[3563,99111,194],{},[35,99113,99115],{"className":37,"code":99114,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99116,99117,99145],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99118,99119,99121,99123,99125,99127,99129,99131,99133,99135,99137,99139,99141,99143],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99120,9100],{"class":62},[44,99122,476],{"class":66},[44,99124,3912],{"class":70},[44,99126,476],{"class":66},[44,99128,186],{"class":62},[44,99130,470],{"class":66},[44,99132,33046],{"class":70},[44,99134,476],{"class":66},[44,99136,186],{"class":62},[44,99138,470],{"class":66},[44,99140,3903],{"class":70},[44,99142,476],{"class":66},[44,99144,9130],{"class":62},[44,99146,99147],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,99148,46241],{"class":452},[20,99150,99151],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[30,99153,99155],{"id":99154},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99157,99158,99159,99161],{},"Set items must be ",[3563,99160,96004],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99163,99164],{},"These usually work:",[126,99166,99167,99169,99171,99173],{},[129,99168,56089],{},[129,99170,56092],{},[129,99172,96016],{},[129,99174,40420],{},[35,99176,99178],{"className":37,"code":99177,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99179,99180,99214],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99181,99182,99184,99186,99188,99190,99192,99194,99196,99198,99200,99202,99204,99206,99208,99210,99212],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99183,3644],{"class":50},[44,99185,55],{"class":54},[44,99187,10313],{"class":62},[44,99189,2807],{"class":452},[44,99191,186],{"class":62},[44,99193,1438],{"class":66},[44,99195,3903],{"class":70},[44,99197,67],{"class":66},[44,99199,186],{"class":62},[44,99201,9058],{"class":62},[44,99203,2161],{"class":452},[44,99205,186],{"class":62},[44,99207,7620],{"class":452},[44,99209,9055],{"class":62},[44,99211,3739],{"class":3674},[44,99213,9130],{"class":62},[44,99215,99216,99218,99220,99222],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,99217,82],{"class":58},[44,99219,63],{"class":62},[44,99221,5187],{"class":97},[44,99223,76],{"class":62},[20,99225,99226,99227,99229],{},"These do ",[3563,99228,4457],{}," work directly:",[126,99231,99232,99234],{},[129,99233,96720],{},[129,99235,96723],{},[35,99237,99239],{"className":37,"code":99238,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99240,99241],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99242,99243,99246,99248,99251,99253,99255,99257,99259,99261],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99244,99245],{"class":50},"bad_set ",[44,99247,55],{"class":54},[44,99249,99250],{"class":62}," {[",[44,99252,2807],{"class":452},[44,99254,186],{"class":62},[44,99256,2812],{"class":452},[44,99258,186],{"class":62},[44,99260,2282],{"class":452},[44,99262,13532],{"class":62},[20,99264,99265],{},"This raises an error:",[35,99267,99268],{"className":37,"code":96779,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,99269,99270],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99271,99272,99274,99276,99278,99280,99282,99284,99286],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99273,2825],{"class":426},[44,99275,449],{"class":62},[44,99277,96790],{"class":50},[44,99279,427],{"class":426},[44,99281,449],{"class":62},[44,99283,470],{"class":66},[44,99285,7921],{"class":70},[44,99287,29530],{"class":66},[20,99289,51706],{},[35,99291,99293],{"className":37,"code":99292,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99294,99295],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99296,99297,99299,99301,99304,99306,99308,99310,99312,99314,99316,99318],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99298,99245],{"class":50},[44,99300,55],{"class":54},[44,99302,99303],{"class":62}," {{",[44,99305,67],{"class":66},[44,99307,652],{"class":70},[44,99309,67],{"class":66},[44,99311,449],{"class":62},[44,99313,1438],{"class":66},[44,99315,7507],{"class":70},[44,99317,67],{"class":66},[44,99319,99320],{"class":62},"}}\n",[20,99322,99323],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[30,99325,99327],{"id":99326},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[600,99329,99331],{"id":99330},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[35,99333,99335],{"className":37,"code":99334,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99336,99337,99361],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99338,99339,99341,99343,99345,99347,99349,99351,99353,99355,99357,99359],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99340,3435],{"class":50},[44,99342,55],{"class":54},[44,99344,10313],{"class":62},[44,99346,2807],{"class":452},[44,99348,186],{"class":62},[44,99350,2812],{"class":452},[44,99352,186],{"class":62},[44,99354,2282],{"class":452},[44,99356,186],{"class":62},[44,99358,2287],{"class":452},[44,99360,9130],{"class":62},[44,99362,99363,99365,99367,99369],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,99364,82],{"class":58},[44,99366,63],{"class":62},[44,99368,3467],{"class":97},[44,99370,76],{"class":62},[600,99372,99374],{"id":99373},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[35,99376,99378],{"className":37,"code":99377,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99379,99380,99408,99423,99427],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99381,99382,99384,99386,99388,99390,99392,99394,99396,99398,99400,99402,99404,99406],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99383,7609],{"class":50},[44,99385,55],{"class":54},[44,99387,3440],{"class":62},[44,99389,2807],{"class":452},[44,99391,186],{"class":62},[44,99393,711],{"class":452},[44,99395,186],{"class":62},[44,99397,2812],{"class":452},[44,99399,186],{"class":62},[44,99401,2282],{"class":452},[44,99403,186],{"class":62},[44,99405,2282],{"class":452},[44,99407,3453],{"class":62},[44,99409,99410,99413,99415,99417,99419,99421],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,99411,99412],{"class":50},"unique_items ",[44,99414,55],{"class":54},[44,99416,15461],{"class":426},[44,99418,63],{"class":62},[44,99420,7640],{"class":97},[44,99422,76],{"class":62},[44,99424,99425],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,99426,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,99428,99429,99431,99433,99436],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,99430,82],{"class":58},[44,99432,63],{"class":62},[44,99434,99435],{"class":97},"unique_items",[44,99437,76],{"class":62},[600,99439,98785],{"id":99440},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[35,99442,99444],{"className":37,"code":99443,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99445,99446,99464],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99447,99448,99450,99452,99454,99456,99458,99460,99462],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99449,35915],{"class":50},[44,99451,55],{"class":54},[44,99453,15461],{"class":426},[44,99455,63],{"class":62},[44,99457,67],{"class":66},[44,99459,3912],{"class":70},[44,99461,67],{"class":66},[44,99463,76],{"class":62},[44,99465,99466,99468,99470,99472],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,99467,82],{"class":58},[44,99469,63],{"class":62},[44,99471,35968],{"class":97},[44,99473,76],{"class":62},[600,99475,99477],{"id":99476},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[35,99479,99481],{"className":37,"code":99480,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99482,99483,99493],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99484,99485,99487,99489,99491],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99486,97923],{"class":50},[44,99488,55],{"class":54},[44,99490,15461],{"class":426},[44,99492,345],{"class":62},[44,99494,99495,99497,99499,99501],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,99496,82],{"class":58},[44,99498,63],{"class":62},[44,99500,97942],{"class":97},[44,99502,76],{"class":62},[30,99504,1486],{"id":1485},[20,99506,99507],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[600,99509,8243,99511,99513],{"id":99510},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99512,3613],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99515,99516],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[35,99518,99520],{"className":37,"code":99519,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99521,99522,99530],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99523,99524,99526,99528],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99525,338],{"class":50},[44,99527,55],{"class":54},[44,99529,9660],{"class":62},[44,99531,99532,99534,99536,99538,99540,99542],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,99533,82],{"class":58},[44,99535,63],{"class":62},[44,99537,427],{"class":426},[44,99539,63],{"class":62},[44,99541,354],{"class":97},[44,99543,434],{"class":62},[20,99545,99546],{},"This prints:",[35,99548,99549],{"className":37,"code":8633,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,99550,99551],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99552,99553,99555,99557,99559,99561,99563],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99554,463],{"class":54},[44,99556,467],{"class":466},[44,99558,470],{"class":66},[44,99560,8646],{"class":70},[44,99562,476],{"class":66},[44,99564,479],{"class":54},[20,99566,103,99567,6461],{},[15,99568,3618],{},[600,99570,99572],{"id":99571},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99574,99575],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[35,99577,99579],{"className":37,"code":99578,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99580,99581,99609],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99582,99583,99585,99587,99589,99591,99593,99595,99597,99599,99601,99603,99605,99607],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99584,3435],{"class":50},[44,99586,55],{"class":54},[44,99588,10313],{"class":62},[44,99590,2807],{"class":452},[44,99592,186],{"class":62},[44,99594,711],{"class":452},[44,99596,186],{"class":62},[44,99598,2812],{"class":452},[44,99600,186],{"class":62},[44,99602,2812],{"class":452},[44,99604,186],{"class":62},[44,99606,2282],{"class":452},[44,99608,9130],{"class":62},[44,99610,99611,99613,99615,99617],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,99612,82],{"class":58},[44,99614,63],{"class":62},[44,99616,3467],{"class":97},[44,99618,76],{"class":62},[20,99620,99621],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[600,99623,99625],{"id":99624},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99627,99628],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99630,99631],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[35,99633,99635],{"className":37,"code":99634,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99636,99637,99657],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99638,99639,99641,99643,99645,99647,99649,99651,99653,99655],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99640,3435],{"class":50},[44,99642,55],{"class":54},[44,99644,10313],{"class":62},[44,99646,2161],{"class":452},[44,99648,186],{"class":62},[44,99650,7620],{"class":452},[44,99652,186],{"class":62},[44,99654,7625],{"class":452},[44,99656,9130],{"class":62},[44,99658,99659],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,99660,99661],{"class":3483},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99663,99664],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[600,99666,99668],{"id":99667},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99670,99671],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[35,99673,99675],{"className":37,"code":99674,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99676,99677,99682],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99678,99679],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99680,99681],{"class":3483},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[44,99683,99684],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,99685,99686],{"class":3483},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99688,99689,99690,504],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99691,2825],{},[600,99693,99695],{"id":99694},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,99697,99698],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[35,99700,99702],{"className":37,"code":99701,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,99703,99704,99724,99756,99760,99774],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99705,99706,99708,99710,99712,99714,99716,99718,99720,99722],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99707,15456],{"class":50},[44,99709,55],{"class":54},[44,99711,10313],{"class":62},[44,99713,2807],{"class":452},[44,99715,186],{"class":62},[44,99717,2812],{"class":452},[44,99719,186],{"class":62},[44,99721,2282],{"class":452},[44,99723,9130],{"class":62},[44,99725,99726,99728,99730,99732,99734,99736,99738,99740,99742,99744,99746,99748,99750,99752,99754],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,99727,11549],{"class":50},[44,99729,55],{"class":54},[44,99731,10313],{"class":62},[44,99733,67],{"class":66},[44,99735,491],{"class":70},[44,99737,67],{"class":66},[44,99739,449],{"class":62},[44,99741,711],{"class":452},[44,99743,186],{"class":62},[44,99745,1438],{"class":66},[44,99747,4587],{"class":70},[44,99749,67],{"class":66},[44,99751,449],{"class":62},[44,99753,2812],{"class":452},[44,99755,9130],{"class":62},[44,99757,99758],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,99759,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,99761,99762,99764,99766,99768,99770,99772],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,99763,82],{"class":58},[44,99765,63],{"class":62},[44,99767,427],{"class":426},[44,99769,63],{"class":62},[44,99771,15494],{"class":97},[44,99773,434],{"class":62},[44,99775,99776,99778,99780,99782,99784,99786],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,99777,82],{"class":58},[44,99779,63],{"class":62},[44,99781,427],{"class":426},[44,99783,63],{"class":62},[44,99785,11275],{"class":97},[44,99787,434],{"class":62},[30,99789,92416],{"id":92415},[20,99791,99792],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[35,99794,99796],{"className":37,"code":99795,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,99797,99798,99824,99828,99842,99852,99866,99873],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99799,99800,99802,99804,99806,99808,99810,99812,99814,99816,99818,99820,99822],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99801,15456],{"class":50},[44,99803,55],{"class":54},[44,99805,15461],{"class":426},[44,99807,2804],{"class":62},[44,99809,2807],{"class":452},[44,99811,186],{"class":62},[44,99813,2812],{"class":452},[44,99815,186],{"class":62},[44,99817,2812],{"class":452},[44,99819,186],{"class":62},[44,99821,2282],{"class":452},[44,99823,3711],{"class":62},[44,99825,99826],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,99827,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,99829,99830,99832,99834,99836,99838,99840],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,99831,82],{"class":58},[44,99833,63],{"class":62},[44,99835,427],{"class":426},[44,99837,63],{"class":62},[44,99839,15494],{"class":97},[44,99841,434],{"class":62},[44,99843,99844,99846,99848,99850],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,99845,82],{"class":58},[44,99847,63],{"class":62},[44,99849,15494],{"class":97},[44,99851,76],{"class":62},[44,99853,99854,99856,99858,99860,99862,99864],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,99855,82],{"class":58},[44,99857,63],{"class":62},[44,99859,10986],{"class":58},[44,99861,63],{"class":62},[44,99863,15494],{"class":97},[44,99865,434],{"class":62},[44,99867,99868,99870],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,99869,82],{"class":58},[44,99871,99872],{"class":62},"({})\n",[44,99874,99875,99877,99879,99881],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,99876,82],{"class":58},[44,99878,63],{"class":62},[44,99880,6116],{"class":426},[44,99882,7025],{"class":62},[20,99884,99885],{},"Use these to confirm:",[126,99887,99888,99891,99894,99897],{},[129,99889,99890],{},"The object type",[129,99892,99893],{},"The actual values stored",[129,99895,99896],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[129,99898,99899,99900,1126,99902],{},"The difference between ",[15,99901,3613],{},[15,99903,3618],{},[30,99905,1651],{"id":1650},[600,99907,99909],{"id":99908},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,99911,99912,99913,99916,99917,99919],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,99914,99915],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,99918,3618],{}," with another iterable.",[600,99921,99923],{"id":99922},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,99925,103,99926,99928,99929,99931],{},[15,99927,3618],{},". Empty braces ",[15,99930,3613],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[600,99933,99935],{"id":99934},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,99937,99938],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[600,99940,99942],{"id":99941},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,99944,99945],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[600,99947,99949],{"id":99948},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,99951,99952],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[30,99954,1719],{"id":1718},[126,99956,99957,99961,99967,99973,99978],{},[129,99958,99959],{},[491,99960,95961],{"href":97132},[129,99962,99963],{},[491,99964,13,99965,10564],{"href":98133},[15,99966,95841],{},[129,99968,99969],{},[491,99970,13,99971,10564],{"href":98152},[15,99972,96947],{},[129,99974,99975],{},[491,99976,99977],{"href":98710},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[129,99979,99980],{},[491,99981,99982],{"href":98424},"What is a set in Python?",[20,99984,99985],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1758,99987,99988],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":99990},[99991,99992,99993,99994,99997,100003,100007,100008,100009,100015,100023,100024,100031],{"id":3424,"depth":79,"text":3425},{"id":14989,"depth":79,"text":14990},{"id":98396,"depth":79,"text":98397},{"id":98428,"depth":79,"text":98429,"children":99995},[99996],{"id":98497,"depth":419,"text":98498},{"id":98601,"depth":79,"text":99998,"children":99999},"Create a set with set()",[100000,100001,100002],{"id":98626,"depth":419,"text":98627},{"id":98714,"depth":419,"text":98715},{"id":98784,"depth":419,"text":98785},{"id":98869,"depth":79,"text":98870,"children":100004},[100005],{"id":98946,"depth":419,"text":100006},"Do not use {}",{"id":71898,"depth":79,"text":71899},{"id":99154,"depth":79,"text":99155},{"id":99326,"depth":79,"text":99327,"children":100010},[100011,100012,100013,100014],{"id":99330,"depth":419,"text":99331},{"id":99373,"depth":419,"text":99374},{"id":99440,"depth":419,"text":98785},{"id":99476,"depth":419,"text":99477},{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486,"children":100016},[100017,100019,100020,100021,100022],{"id":99510,"depth":419,"text":100018},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99571,"depth":419,"text":99572},{"id":99624,"depth":419,"text":99625},{"id":99667,"depth":419,"text":99668},{"id":99694,"depth":419,"text":99695},{"id":92415,"depth":79,"text":92416},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":100025},[100026,100027,100028,100029,100030],{"id":99908,"depth":419,"text":99909},{"id":99922,"depth":419,"text":99923},{"id":99934,"depth":419,"text":99935},{"id":99941,"depth":419,"text":99942},{"id":99948,"depth":419,"text":99949},{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98199,"description":100032},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100038,"title":100039,"body":100040,"description":102471,"extension":1796,"meta":102472,"navigation":807,"path":102473,"seo":102474,"stem":102475,"__hash__":102476},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100041,"toc":102436},[100042,100048,100054,100057,100059,100136,100138,100155,100165,100167,100172,100180,100182,100198,100202,100204,100206,100209,100230,100233,100257,100263,100265,100362,100364,100381,100391,100393,100395,100403,100405,100416,100418,100509,100511,100535,100546,100548,100550,100553,100683,100685,100758,100760,100781,100784,100786,100792,100797,100800,100927,100929,100946,100949,100951,100959,100962,100966,100974,101065,101067,101104,101109,101116,101193,101195,101211,101216,101221,101223,101232,101240,101321,101323,101352,101355,101359,101370,101373,101456,101458,101479,101485,101487,101489,101493,101497,101504,101569,101571,101591,101594,101663,101665,101681,101685,101691,101703,101711,101713,101798,101800,101829,101832,101836,101841,101843,101893,101896,101977,101979,101995,101999,102002,102077,102080,102084,102087,102164,102166,102199,102205,102209,102212,102347,102349,102363,102365,102367,102373,102376,102383,102391,102397,102400,102404,102407,102409,102411,102433],[10,100043,95833,100045,11147],{"id":100044},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100046,100047],{},"difference()",[20,100049,100050,100053],{},[15,100051,100052],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100055,100056],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[30,100058,3425],{"id":3424},[35,100060,100062],{"className":37,"code":100061,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100063,100064,100088,100108,100126],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100065,100066,100068,100070,100072,100074,100076,100078,100080,100082,100084,100086],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100067,1070],{"class":50},[44,100069,55],{"class":54},[44,100071,10313],{"class":62},[44,100073,2807],{"class":452},[44,100075,186],{"class":62},[44,100077,2812],{"class":452},[44,100079,186],{"class":62},[44,100081,2282],{"class":452},[44,100083,186],{"class":62},[44,100085,2287],{"class":452},[44,100087,9130],{"class":62},[44,100089,100090,100092,100094,100096,100098,100100,100102,100104,100106],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,100091,1089],{"class":50},[44,100093,55],{"class":54},[44,100095,10313],{"class":62},[44,100097,1894],{"class":452},[44,100099,186],{"class":62},[44,100101,2287],{"class":452},[44,100103,186],{"class":62},[44,100105,4431],{"class":452},[44,100107,9130],{"class":62},[44,100109,100110,100112,100114,100116,100118,100120,100122,100124],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,100111,2059],{"class":50},[44,100113,55],{"class":54},[44,100115,56515],{"class":50},[44,100117,504],{"class":62},[44,100119,2636],{"class":97},[44,100121,63],{"class":62},[44,100123,4587],{"class":97},[44,100125,76],{"class":62},[44,100127,100128,100130,100132,100134],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,100129,82],{"class":58},[44,100131,63],{"class":62},[44,100133,2094],{"class":97},[44,100135,76],{"class":62},[20,100137,1031],{},[35,100139,100141],{"className":37,"code":100140,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100142,100143],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100144,100145,100147,100149,100151,100153],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100146,9100],{"class":62},[44,100148,2807],{"class":452},[44,100150,186],{"class":62},[44,100152,2812],{"class":452},[44,100154,9130],{"class":62},[20,100156,100157,100159,100160,100162,100163,504],{},[15,100158,100047],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100161,491],{}," that are not in ",[15,100164,4587],{},[108,100166],{},[30,100168,113,100170,116],{"id":100169},"what-difference-does",[15,100171,100047],{},[20,100173,22,100174,100176,100177,100179],{},[15,100175,100047],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[3563,100178,4457],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100181,12877],{},[126,100183,100184,100189,100192,100195],{},[129,100185,100186,100188],{},[15,100187,100047],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[129,100190,100191],{},"It creates a new set",[129,100193,100194],{},"It does not change the original set",[129,100196,100197],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100199,95957,100200,504],{},[491,100201,95961],{"href":97132},[108,100203],{},[30,100205,250],{"id":249},[20,100207,100208],{},"Use this form:",[35,100210,100212],{"className":37,"code":100211,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100213,100214],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100215,100216,100219,100221,100223,100225,100228],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100217,100218],{"class":50},"set1",[44,100220,504],{"class":62},[44,100222,2636],{"class":97},[44,100224,63],{"class":62},[44,100226,100227],{"class":97},"set2",[44,100229,76],{"class":62},[20,100231,100232],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[35,100234,100236],{"className":37,"code":100235,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100237,100238],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100239,100240,100242,100244,100246,100248,100250,100252,100255],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100241,100218],{"class":50},[44,100243,504],{"class":62},[44,100245,2636],{"class":97},[44,100247,63],{"class":62},[44,100249,100227],{"class":97},[44,100251,186],{"class":62},[44,100253,100254],{"class":97}," set3",[44,100256,76],{"class":62},[20,100258,100259,100260,100262],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[3563,100261,5182],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100264,145],{},[35,100266,100268],{"className":37,"code":100267,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100269,100270,100298,100314,100326,100330,100352],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100271,100272,100274,100276,100278,100280,100282,100284,100286,100288,100290,100292,100294,100296],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100273,1070],{"class":50},[44,100275,55],{"class":54},[44,100277,10313],{"class":62},[44,100279,2807],{"class":452},[44,100281,186],{"class":62},[44,100283,2812],{"class":452},[44,100285,186],{"class":62},[44,100287,2282],{"class":452},[44,100289,186],{"class":62},[44,100291,2287],{"class":452},[44,100293,186],{"class":62},[44,100295,4431],{"class":452},[44,100297,9130],{"class":62},[44,100299,100300,100302,100304,100306,100308,100310,100312],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,100301,1089],{"class":50},[44,100303,55],{"class":54},[44,100305,10313],{"class":62},[44,100307,1889],{"class":452},[44,100309,186],{"class":62},[44,100311,2282],{"class":452},[44,100313,9130],{"class":62},[44,100315,100316,100318,100320,100322,100324],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,100317,82816],{"class":50},[44,100319,55],{"class":54},[44,100321,10313],{"class":62},[44,100323,1129],{"class":452},[44,100325,9130],{"class":62},[44,100327,100328],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,100329,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,100331,100332,100334,100336,100338,100340,100342,100344,100346,100348,100350],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,100333,2059],{"class":50},[44,100335,55],{"class":54},[44,100337,56515],{"class":50},[44,100339,504],{"class":62},[44,100341,2636],{"class":97},[44,100343,63],{"class":62},[44,100345,4587],{"class":97},[44,100347,186],{"class":62},[44,100349,9503],{"class":97},[44,100351,76],{"class":62},[44,100353,100354,100356,100358,100360],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,100355,82],{"class":58},[44,100357,63],{"class":62},[44,100359,2094],{"class":97},[44,100361,76],{"class":62},[20,100363,1031],{},[35,100365,100367],{"className":37,"code":100366,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100368,100369],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100370,100371,100373,100375,100377,100379],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100372,9100],{"class":62},[44,100374,2807],{"class":452},[44,100376,186],{"class":62},[44,100378,2287],{"class":452},[44,100380,9130],{"class":62},[20,100382,100383,100384,100386,100387,497,100389,504],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100385,491],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100388,4587],{},[15,100390,9561],{},[108,100392],{},[30,100394,17248],{"id":17247},[20,100396,100397,100399,100400,504],{},[15,100398,100047],{}," always returns a ",[3563,100401,100402],{},"new set",[20,100404,43464],{},[126,100406,100407,100410,100413],{},[129,100408,100409],{},"The return value is a new set",[129,100411,100412],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[129,100414,100415],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100417,145],{},[35,100419,100421],{"className":37,"code":100420,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100422,100423,100439,100459,100463,100481,100485,100495],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100424,100425,100427,100429,100431,100433,100435,100437],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100426,1070],{"class":50},[44,100428,55],{"class":54},[44,100430,10313],{"class":62},[44,100432,2807],{"class":452},[44,100434,186],{"class":62},[44,100436,2812],{"class":452},[44,100438,9130],{"class":62},[44,100440,100441,100443,100445,100447,100449,100451,100453,100455,100457],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,100442,1089],{"class":50},[44,100444,55],{"class":54},[44,100446,10313],{"class":62},[44,100448,2807],{"class":452},[44,100450,186],{"class":62},[44,100452,2812],{"class":452},[44,100454,186],{"class":62},[44,100456,2282],{"class":452},[44,100458,9130],{"class":62},[44,100460,100461],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,100462,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,100464,100465,100467,100469,100471,100473,100475,100477,100479],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,100466,2059],{"class":50},[44,100468,55],{"class":54},[44,100470,56515],{"class":50},[44,100472,504],{"class":62},[44,100474,2636],{"class":97},[44,100476,63],{"class":62},[44,100478,4587],{"class":97},[44,100480,76],{"class":62},[44,100482,100483],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,100484,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,100486,100487,100489,100491,100493],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,100488,82],{"class":58},[44,100490,63],{"class":62},[44,100492,2094],{"class":97},[44,100494,76],{"class":62},[44,100496,100497,100499,100501,100503,100505,100507],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,100498,82],{"class":58},[44,100500,63],{"class":62},[44,100502,427],{"class":426},[44,100504,63],{"class":62},[44,100506,2094],{"class":97},[44,100508,434],{"class":62},[20,100510,1031],{},[35,100512,100513],{"className":37,"code":98921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,100514,100515,100521],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100516,100517,100519],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100518,6116],{"class":426},[44,100520,345],{"class":62},[44,100522,100523,100525,100527,100529,100531,100533],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,100524,463],{"class":54},[44,100526,467],{"class":466},[44,100528,470],{"class":66},[44,100530,6116],{"class":70},[44,100532,476],{"class":66},[44,100534,479],{"class":54},[20,100536,100537,100538,1134,100540,100542,100543,100545],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100539,3618],{},[15,100541,3613],{},". In Python, ",[15,100544,3613],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[108,100547],{},[30,100549,11300],{"id":11299},[20,100551,100552],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[35,100554,100556],{"className":37,"code":100555,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100557,100558,100591,100624,100628,100648,100652,100662,100673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100559,100560,100563,100565,100567,100569,100571,100573,100575,100577,100579,100581,100583,100585,100587,100589],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100561,100562],{"class":50},"fruits_a ",[44,100564,55],{"class":54},[44,100566,10313],{"class":62},[44,100568,67],{"class":66},[44,100570,3903],{"class":70},[44,100572,67],{"class":66},[44,100574,186],{"class":62},[44,100576,1438],{"class":66},[44,100578,3912],{"class":70},[44,100580,67],{"class":66},[44,100582,186],{"class":62},[44,100584,1438],{"class":66},[44,100586,33046],{"class":70},[44,100588,67],{"class":66},[44,100590,9130],{"class":62},[44,100592,100593,100596,100598,100600,100602,100604,100606,100608,100610,100612,100614,100616,100618,100620,100622],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,100594,100595],{"class":50},"fruits_b ",[44,100597,55],{"class":54},[44,100599,10313],{"class":62},[44,100601,67],{"class":66},[44,100603,3912],{"class":70},[44,100605,67],{"class":66},[44,100607,186],{"class":62},[44,100609,1438],{"class":66},[44,100611,33046],{"class":70},[44,100613,67],{"class":66},[44,100615,186],{"class":62},[44,100617,1438],{"class":66},[44,100619,22361],{"class":70},[44,100621,67],{"class":66},[44,100623,9130],{"class":62},[44,100625,100626],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,100627,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,100629,100630,100632,100634,100637,100639,100641,100643,100646],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,100631,2059],{"class":50},[44,100633,55],{"class":54},[44,100635,100636],{"class":50}," fruits_a",[44,100638,504],{"class":62},[44,100640,2636],{"class":97},[44,100642,63],{"class":62},[44,100644,100645],{"class":97},"fruits_b",[44,100647,76],{"class":62},[44,100649,100650],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,100651,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,100653,100654,100656,100658,100660],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,100655,82],{"class":58},[44,100657,63],{"class":62},[44,100659,2094],{"class":97},[44,100661,76],{"class":62},[44,100663,100664,100666,100668,100671],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,100665,82],{"class":58},[44,100667,63],{"class":62},[44,100669,100670],{"class":97},"fruits_a",[44,100672,76],{"class":62},[44,100674,100675,100677,100679,100681],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,100676,82],{"class":58},[44,100678,63],{"class":62},[44,100680,100645],{"class":97},[44,100682,76],{"class":62},[20,100684,194],{},[35,100686,100688],{"className":37,"code":100687,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100689,100690,100702,100730],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100691,100692,100694,100696,100698,100700],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100693,9100],{"class":62},[44,100695,476],{"class":66},[44,100697,3903],{"class":70},[44,100699,476],{"class":66},[44,100701,9130],{"class":62},[44,100703,100704,100706,100708,100710,100712,100714,100716,100718,100720,100722,100724,100726,100728],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,100705,9100],{"class":62},[44,100707,476],{"class":66},[44,100709,3912],{"class":70},[44,100711,476],{"class":66},[44,100713,186],{"class":62},[44,100715,470],{"class":66},[44,100717,33046],{"class":70},[44,100719,476],{"class":66},[44,100721,186],{"class":62},[44,100723,470],{"class":66},[44,100725,3903],{"class":70},[44,100727,476],{"class":66},[44,100729,9130],{"class":62},[44,100731,100732,100734,100736,100738,100740,100742,100744,100746,100748,100750,100752,100754,100756],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,100733,9100],{"class":62},[44,100735,476],{"class":66},[44,100737,3912],{"class":70},[44,100739,476],{"class":66},[44,100741,186],{"class":62},[44,100743,470],{"class":66},[44,100745,33046],{"class":70},[44,100747,476],{"class":66},[44,100749,186],{"class":62},[44,100751,470],{"class":66},[44,100753,22361],{"class":70},[44,100755,476],{"class":66},[44,100757,9130],{"class":62},[20,100759,11509],{},[126,100761,100762,100767,100772,100778],{},[129,100763,100764,100765],{},"Start with ",[15,100766,100670],{},[129,100768,100769,100770],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,100771,100645],{},[129,100773,100774,100775,100777],{},"Only ",[15,100776,57461],{}," remains",[129,100779,100780],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,100782,100783],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[108,100785],{},[30,100787,8243,100789,100791],{"id":100788},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,100790,100047],{}," with multiple sets",[20,100793,100794,100795,504],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,100796,100047],{},[20,100798,100799],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[35,100801,100803],{"className":37,"code":100802,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100804,100805,100837,100854,100867,100884,100888,100917],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100806,100807,100809,100811,100813,100815,100817,100819,100821,100823,100825,100827,100829,100831,100833,100835],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100808,3435],{"class":50},[44,100810,55],{"class":54},[44,100812,10313],{"class":62},[44,100814,2807],{"class":452},[44,100816,186],{"class":62},[44,100818,2812],{"class":452},[44,100820,186],{"class":62},[44,100822,2282],{"class":452},[44,100824,186],{"class":62},[44,100826,2287],{"class":452},[44,100828,186],{"class":62},[44,100830,4431],{"class":452},[44,100832,186],{"class":62},[44,100834,37469],{"class":452},[44,100836,9130],{"class":62},[44,100838,100839,100842,100844,100846,100848,100850,100852],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,100840,100841],{"class":50},"group_a ",[44,100843,55],{"class":54},[44,100845,10313],{"class":62},[44,100847,1889],{"class":452},[44,100849,186],{"class":62},[44,100851,2287],{"class":452},[44,100853,9130],{"class":62},[44,100855,100856,100859,100861,100863,100865],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,100857,100858],{"class":50},"group_b ",[44,100860,55],{"class":54},[44,100862,10313],{"class":62},[44,100864,1129],{"class":452},[44,100866,9130],{"class":62},[44,100868,100869,100872,100874,100876,100878,100880,100882],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,100870,100871],{"class":50},"group_c ",[44,100873,55],{"class":54},[44,100875,10313],{"class":62},[44,100877,80224],{"class":452},[44,100879,186],{"class":62},[44,100881,5823],{"class":452},[44,100883,9130],{"class":62},[44,100885,100886],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,100887,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,100889,100890,100892,100894,100896,100898,100900,100902,100905,100907,100910,100912,100915],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,100891,2059],{"class":50},[44,100893,55],{"class":54},[44,100895,4088],{"class":50},[44,100897,504],{"class":62},[44,100899,2636],{"class":97},[44,100901,63],{"class":62},[44,100903,100904],{"class":97},"group_a",[44,100906,186],{"class":62},[44,100908,100909],{"class":97}," group_b",[44,100911,186],{"class":62},[44,100913,100914],{"class":97}," group_c",[44,100916,76],{"class":62},[44,100918,100919,100921,100923,100925],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,100920,82],{"class":58},[44,100922,63],{"class":62},[44,100924,2094],{"class":97},[44,100926,76],{"class":62},[20,100928,1031],{},[35,100930,100932],{"className":37,"code":100931,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 3}\n",[15,100933,100934],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100935,100936,100938,100940,100942,100944],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100937,9100],{"class":62},[44,100939,2807],{"class":452},[44,100941,186],{"class":62},[44,100943,2282],{"class":452},[44,100945,9130],{"class":62},[20,100947,100948],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[108,100950],{},[30,100952,100954,10408,100956],{"id":100953},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,100955,100047],{},[15,100957,100958],{},"difference_update()",[20,100960,100961],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[600,100963,100964],{"id":2636},[15,100965,100047],{},[126,100967,100968,100971],{},[129,100969,100970],{},"Returns a new set",[129,100972,100973],{},"Does not change the original set",[35,100975,100977],{"className":37,"code":100976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,100978,100979,101003,101019,101023,101041,101045,101055],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100980,100981,100983,100985,100987,100989,100991,100993,100995,100997,100999,101001],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100982,1070],{"class":50},[44,100984,55],{"class":54},[44,100986,10313],{"class":62},[44,100988,2807],{"class":452},[44,100990,186],{"class":62},[44,100992,2812],{"class":452},[44,100994,186],{"class":62},[44,100996,2282],{"class":452},[44,100998,186],{"class":62},[44,101000,2287],{"class":452},[44,101002,9130],{"class":62},[44,101004,101005,101007,101009,101011,101013,101015,101017],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,101006,1089],{"class":50},[44,101008,55],{"class":54},[44,101010,10313],{"class":62},[44,101012,1894],{"class":452},[44,101014,186],{"class":62},[44,101016,2287],{"class":452},[44,101018,9130],{"class":62},[44,101020,101021],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,101022,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,101024,101025,101027,101029,101031,101033,101035,101037,101039],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,101026,2059],{"class":50},[44,101028,55],{"class":54},[44,101030,56515],{"class":50},[44,101032,504],{"class":62},[44,101034,2636],{"class":97},[44,101036,63],{"class":62},[44,101038,4587],{"class":97},[44,101040,76],{"class":62},[44,101042,101043],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,101044,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,101046,101047,101049,101051,101053],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,101048,82],{"class":58},[44,101050,63],{"class":62},[44,101052,2094],{"class":97},[44,101054,76],{"class":62},[44,101056,101057,101059,101061,101063],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,101058,82],{"class":58},[44,101060,63],{"class":62},[44,101062,491],{"class":97},[44,101064,76],{"class":62},[20,101066,1031],{},[35,101068,101070],{"className":37,"code":101069,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101071,101072,101084],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101073,101074,101076,101078,101080,101082],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101075,9100],{"class":62},[44,101077,2807],{"class":452},[44,101079,186],{"class":62},[44,101081,2812],{"class":452},[44,101083,9130],{"class":62},[44,101085,101086,101088,101090,101092,101094,101096,101098,101100,101102],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,101087,9100],{"class":62},[44,101089,2807],{"class":452},[44,101091,186],{"class":62},[44,101093,2812],{"class":452},[44,101095,186],{"class":62},[44,101097,2282],{"class":452},[44,101099,186],{"class":62},[44,101101,2287],{"class":452},[44,101103,9130],{"class":62},[600,101105,101107],{"id":101106},"difference_update",[15,101108,100958],{},[126,101110,101111,101114],{},[129,101112,101113],{},"Changes the original set",[129,101115,95951],{},[35,101117,101119],{"className":37,"code":101118,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101120,101121,101145,101161,101165,101179,101183],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101122,101123,101125,101127,101129,101131,101133,101135,101137,101139,101141,101143],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101124,1070],{"class":50},[44,101126,55],{"class":54},[44,101128,10313],{"class":62},[44,101130,2807],{"class":452},[44,101132,186],{"class":62},[44,101134,2812],{"class":452},[44,101136,186],{"class":62},[44,101138,2282],{"class":452},[44,101140,186],{"class":62},[44,101142,2287],{"class":452},[44,101144,9130],{"class":62},[44,101146,101147,101149,101151,101153,101155,101157,101159],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,101148,1089],{"class":50},[44,101150,55],{"class":54},[44,101152,10313],{"class":62},[44,101154,1894],{"class":452},[44,101156,186],{"class":62},[44,101158,2287],{"class":452},[44,101160,9130],{"class":62},[44,101162,101163],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,101164,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,101166,101167,101169,101171,101173,101175,101177],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,101168,491],{"class":50},[44,101170,504],{"class":62},[44,101172,101106],{"class":97},[44,101174,63],{"class":62},[44,101176,4587],{"class":97},[44,101178,76],{"class":62},[44,101180,101181],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,101182,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,101184,101185,101187,101189,101191],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,101186,82],{"class":58},[44,101188,63],{"class":62},[44,101190,491],{"class":97},[44,101192,76],{"class":62},[20,101194,1031],{},[35,101196,101197],{"className":37,"code":100140,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,101198,101199],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101200,101201,101203,101205,101207,101209],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101202,9100],{"class":62},[44,101204,2807],{"class":452},[44,101206,186],{"class":62},[44,101208,2812],{"class":452},[44,101210,9130],{"class":62},[20,101212,103,101213,101215],{},[15,101214,100047],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101217,101218,101219,33426],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101220,100958],{},[108,101222],{},[30,101224,101226,101228,101229,101231],{"id":101225},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101227,100047],{}," vs the ",[15,101230,1854],{}," operator",[20,101233,22,101234,101236,101237,101239],{},[15,101235,1854],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101238,100047],{}," for two sets.",[35,101241,101243],{"className":37,"code":101242,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101244,101245,101269,101285,101289,101307],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101246,101247,101249,101251,101253,101255,101257,101259,101261,101263,101265,101267],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101248,1070],{"class":50},[44,101250,55],{"class":54},[44,101252,10313],{"class":62},[44,101254,2807],{"class":452},[44,101256,186],{"class":62},[44,101258,2812],{"class":452},[44,101260,186],{"class":62},[44,101262,2282],{"class":452},[44,101264,186],{"class":62},[44,101266,2287],{"class":452},[44,101268,9130],{"class":62},[44,101270,101271,101273,101275,101277,101279,101281,101283],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,101272,1089],{"class":50},[44,101274,55],{"class":54},[44,101276,10313],{"class":62},[44,101278,1894],{"class":452},[44,101280,186],{"class":62},[44,101282,2287],{"class":452},[44,101284,9130],{"class":62},[44,101286,101287],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,101288,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,101290,101291,101293,101295,101297,101299,101301,101303,101305],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,101292,82],{"class":58},[44,101294,63],{"class":62},[44,101296,491],{"class":97},[44,101298,504],{"class":62},[44,101300,2636],{"class":97},[44,101302,63],{"class":62},[44,101304,4587],{"class":97},[44,101306,434],{"class":62},[44,101308,101309,101311,101313,101315,101317,101319],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,101310,82],{"class":58},[44,101312,63],{"class":62},[44,101314,1070],{"class":97},[44,101316,1854],{"class":54},[44,101318,1117],{"class":97},[44,101320,76],{"class":62},[20,101322,1031],{},[35,101324,101326],{"className":37,"code":101325,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101327,101328,101340],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101329,101330,101332,101334,101336,101338],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101331,9100],{"class":62},[44,101333,2807],{"class":452},[44,101335,186],{"class":62},[44,101337,2812],{"class":452},[44,101339,9130],{"class":62},[44,101341,101342,101344,101346,101348,101350],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,101343,9100],{"class":62},[44,101345,2807],{"class":452},[44,101347,186],{"class":62},[44,101349,2812],{"class":452},[44,101351,9130],{"class":62},[20,101353,101354],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101356,94221,101357,213],{},[15,101358,100047],{},[126,101360,101361,101364,101367],{},[129,101362,101363],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[129,101365,101366],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[129,101368,101369],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101371,101372],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[35,101374,101376],{"className":37,"code":101375,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101377,101378,101406,101418,101430,101434],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101379,101380,101382,101384,101386,101388,101390,101392,101394,101396,101398,101400,101402,101404],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101381,1070],{"class":50},[44,101383,55],{"class":54},[44,101385,10313],{"class":62},[44,101387,2807],{"class":452},[44,101389,186],{"class":62},[44,101391,2812],{"class":452},[44,101393,186],{"class":62},[44,101395,2282],{"class":452},[44,101397,186],{"class":62},[44,101399,2287],{"class":452},[44,101401,186],{"class":62},[44,101403,4431],{"class":452},[44,101405,9130],{"class":62},[44,101407,101408,101410,101412,101414,101416],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,101409,1089],{"class":50},[44,101411,55],{"class":54},[44,101413,10313],{"class":62},[44,101415,1889],{"class":452},[44,101417,9130],{"class":62},[44,101419,101420,101422,101424,101426,101428],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,101421,82816],{"class":50},[44,101423,55],{"class":54},[44,101425,10313],{"class":62},[44,101427,1125],{"class":452},[44,101429,9130],{"class":62},[44,101431,101432],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,101433,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,101435,101436,101438,101440,101442,101444,101446,101448,101450,101452,101454],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,101437,82],{"class":58},[44,101439,63],{"class":62},[44,101441,491],{"class":97},[44,101443,504],{"class":62},[44,101445,2636],{"class":97},[44,101447,63],{"class":62},[44,101449,4587],{"class":97},[44,101451,186],{"class":62},[44,101453,9503],{"class":97},[44,101455,434],{"class":62},[20,101457,1031],{},[35,101459,101461],{"className":37,"code":101460,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101462,101463],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101464,101465,101467,101469,101471,101473,101475,101477],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101466,9100],{"class":62},[44,101468,2807],{"class":452},[44,101470,186],{"class":62},[44,101472,2282],{"class":452},[44,101474,186],{"class":62},[44,101476,4431],{"class":452},[44,101478,9130],{"class":62},[20,101480,101481,101482,101484],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101483,1854],{}," operator expression.",[108,101486],{},[30,101488,4344],{"id":4343},[20,101490,21040,101491,504],{},[15,101492,100047],{},[600,101494,101496],{"id":101495},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101498,4454,101499,101501,101502,449],{},[3563,101500,4457],{}," change ",[15,101503,491],{},[35,101505,101507],{"className":37,"code":101506,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101508,101509,101529,101541,101545,101559],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101510,101511,101513,101515,101517,101519,101521,101523,101525,101527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101512,1070],{"class":50},[44,101514,55],{"class":54},[44,101516,10313],{"class":62},[44,101518,2807],{"class":452},[44,101520,186],{"class":62},[44,101522,2812],{"class":452},[44,101524,186],{"class":62},[44,101526,2282],{"class":452},[44,101528,9130],{"class":62},[44,101530,101531,101533,101535,101537,101539],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,101532,1089],{"class":50},[44,101534,55],{"class":54},[44,101536,10313],{"class":62},[44,101538,1894],{"class":452},[44,101540,9130],{"class":62},[44,101542,101543],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,101544,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,101546,101547,101549,101551,101553,101555,101557],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,101548,491],{"class":50},[44,101550,504],{"class":62},[44,101552,2636],{"class":97},[44,101554,63],{"class":62},[44,101556,4587],{"class":97},[44,101558,76],{"class":62},[44,101560,101561,101563,101565,101567],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,101562,82],{"class":58},[44,101564,63],{"class":62},[44,101566,491],{"class":97},[44,101568,76],{"class":62},[20,101570,1031],{},[35,101572,101573],{"className":37,"code":96240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,101574,101575],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101576,101577,101579,101581,101583,101585,101587,101589],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101578,9100],{"class":62},[44,101580,2807],{"class":452},[44,101582,186],{"class":62},[44,101584,2812],{"class":452},[44,101586,186],{"class":62},[44,101588,2282],{"class":452},[44,101590,9130],{"class":62},[20,101592,101593],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[35,101595,101597],{"className":37,"code":101596,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101598,101599,101619,101631,101635,101653],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101600,101601,101603,101605,101607,101609,101611,101613,101615,101617],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101602,1070],{"class":50},[44,101604,55],{"class":54},[44,101606,10313],{"class":62},[44,101608,2807],{"class":452},[44,101610,186],{"class":62},[44,101612,2812],{"class":452},[44,101614,186],{"class":62},[44,101616,2282],{"class":452},[44,101618,9130],{"class":62},[44,101620,101621,101623,101625,101627,101629],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,101622,1089],{"class":50},[44,101624,55],{"class":54},[44,101626,10313],{"class":62},[44,101628,1894],{"class":452},[44,101630,9130],{"class":62},[44,101632,101633],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,101634,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,101636,101637,101639,101641,101643,101645,101647,101649,101651],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,101638,1070],{"class":50},[44,101640,55],{"class":54},[44,101642,56515],{"class":50},[44,101644,504],{"class":62},[44,101646,2636],{"class":97},[44,101648,63],{"class":62},[44,101650,4587],{"class":97},[44,101652,76],{"class":62},[44,101654,101655,101657,101659,101661],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,101656,82],{"class":58},[44,101658,63],{"class":62},[44,101660,491],{"class":97},[44,101662,76],{"class":62},[20,101664,1031],{},[35,101666,101667],{"className":37,"code":100140,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,101668,101669],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101670,101671,101673,101675,101677,101679],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101672,9100],{"class":62},[44,101674,2807],{"class":452},[44,101676,186],{"class":62},[44,101678,2812],{"class":452},[44,101680,9130],{"class":62},[600,101682,101684],{"id":101683},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101686,101687,101690],{},[15,101688,101689],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[126,101692,101693,101698],{},[129,101694,101695,101696],{},"keep items from ",[15,101697,491],{},[129,101699,101700,101701],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101702,4587],{},[20,101704,40730,101705,101707,101708,101710],{},[3563,101706,4457],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,101709,4587],{},"”.",[20,101712,145],{},[35,101714,101716],{"className":37,"code":101715,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,101717,101718,101738,101758,101762,101780],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101719,101720,101722,101724,101726,101728,101730,101732,101734,101736],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101721,1070],{"class":50},[44,101723,55],{"class":54},[44,101725,10313],{"class":62},[44,101727,2807],{"class":452},[44,101729,186],{"class":62},[44,101731,2812],{"class":452},[44,101733,186],{"class":62},[44,101735,2282],{"class":452},[44,101737,9130],{"class":62},[44,101739,101740,101742,101744,101746,101748,101750,101752,101754,101756],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,101741,1089],{"class":50},[44,101743,55],{"class":54},[44,101745,10313],{"class":62},[44,101747,1894],{"class":452},[44,101749,186],{"class":62},[44,101751,2287],{"class":452},[44,101753,186],{"class":62},[44,101755,4431],{"class":452},[44,101757,9130],{"class":62},[44,101759,101760],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,101761,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,101763,101764,101766,101768,101770,101772,101774,101776,101778],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,101765,82],{"class":58},[44,101767,63],{"class":62},[44,101769,491],{"class":97},[44,101771,504],{"class":62},[44,101773,2636],{"class":97},[44,101775,63],{"class":62},[44,101777,4587],{"class":97},[44,101779,434],{"class":62},[44,101781,101782,101784,101786,101788,101790,101792,101794,101796],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,101783,82],{"class":58},[44,101785,63],{"class":62},[44,101787,4587],{"class":97},[44,101789,504],{"class":62},[44,101791,2636],{"class":97},[44,101793,63],{"class":62},[44,101795,491],{"class":97},[44,101797,434],{"class":62},[20,101799,1031],{},[35,101801,101803],{"className":37,"code":101802,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,101804,101805,101817],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101806,101807,101809,101811,101813,101815],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101808,9100],{"class":62},[44,101810,2807],{"class":452},[44,101812,186],{"class":62},[44,101814,2812],{"class":452},[44,101816,9130],{"class":62},[44,101818,101819,101821,101823,101825,101827],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,101820,9100],{"class":62},[44,101822,1125],{"class":452},[44,101824,186],{"class":62},[44,101826,4431],{"class":452},[44,101828,9130],{"class":62},[20,101830,101831],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[600,101833,101835],{"id":101834},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,101837,101838,101840],{},[15,101839,100047],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,101842,54946],{},[35,101844,101846],{"className":37,"code":101845,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,101847,101848,101868,101884,101888],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101849,101850,101852,101854,101856,101858,101860,101862,101864,101866],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101851,1070],{"class":50},[44,101853,55],{"class":54},[44,101855,3440],{"class":62},[44,101857,2807],{"class":452},[44,101859,186],{"class":62},[44,101861,2812],{"class":452},[44,101863,186],{"class":62},[44,101865,2282],{"class":452},[44,101867,3453],{"class":62},[44,101869,101870,101872,101874,101876,101878,101880,101882],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,101871,1089],{"class":50},[44,101873,55],{"class":54},[44,101875,3440],{"class":62},[44,101877,1894],{"class":452},[44,101879,186],{"class":62},[44,101881,2287],{"class":452},[44,101883,3453],{"class":62},[44,101885,101886],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,101887,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,101889,101890],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,101891,101892],{"class":3483},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,101894,101895],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[35,101897,101899],{"className":37,"code":101898,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,101900,101901,101921,101937,101941,101967],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101902,101903,101905,101907,101909,101911,101913,101915,101917,101919],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101904,1070],{"class":50},[44,101906,55],{"class":54},[44,101908,3440],{"class":62},[44,101910,2807],{"class":452},[44,101912,186],{"class":62},[44,101914,2812],{"class":452},[44,101916,186],{"class":62},[44,101918,2282],{"class":452},[44,101920,3453],{"class":62},[44,101922,101923,101925,101927,101929,101931,101933,101935],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,101924,1089],{"class":50},[44,101926,55],{"class":54},[44,101928,3440],{"class":62},[44,101930,1894],{"class":452},[44,101932,186],{"class":62},[44,101934,2287],{"class":452},[44,101936,3453],{"class":62},[44,101938,101939],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,101940,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,101942,101943,101945,101947,101949,101951,101953,101955,101957,101959,101961,101963,101965],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,101944,2059],{"class":50},[44,101946,55],{"class":54},[44,101948,15461],{"class":426},[44,101950,63],{"class":62},[44,101952,491],{"class":97},[44,101954,1270],{"class":62},[44,101956,2636],{"class":97},[44,101958,63],{"class":62},[44,101960,6116],{"class":426},[44,101962,63],{"class":62},[44,101964,4587],{"class":97},[44,101966,434],{"class":62},[44,101968,101969,101971,101973,101975],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,101970,82],{"class":58},[44,101972,63],{"class":62},[44,101974,2094],{"class":97},[44,101976,76],{"class":62},[20,101978,1031],{},[35,101980,101981],{"className":37,"code":100140,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,101982,101983],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101984,101985,101987,101989,101991,101993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101986,9100],{"class":62},[44,101988,2807],{"class":452},[44,101990,186],{"class":62},[44,101992,2812],{"class":452},[44,101994,9130],{"class":62},[600,101996,101998],{"id":101997},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102000,102001],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[35,102003,102005],{"className":37,"code":102004,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102006,102007,102039,102055,102059],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102008,102009,102011,102013,102015,102017,102019,102021,102023,102025,102027,102029,102031,102033,102035,102037],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102010,1070],{"class":50},[44,102012,55],{"class":54},[44,102014,10313],{"class":62},[44,102016,67],{"class":66},[44,102018,36873],{"class":70},[44,102020,67],{"class":66},[44,102022,186],{"class":62},[44,102024,1438],{"class":66},[44,102026,57755],{"class":70},[44,102028,67],{"class":66},[44,102030,186],{"class":62},[44,102032,1438],{"class":66},[44,102034,57772],{"class":70},[44,102036,67],{"class":66},[44,102038,9130],{"class":62},[44,102040,102041,102043,102045,102047,102049,102051,102053],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,102042,1089],{"class":50},[44,102044,55],{"class":54},[44,102046,10313],{"class":62},[44,102048,67],{"class":66},[44,102050,57755],{"class":70},[44,102052,67],{"class":66},[44,102054,9130],{"class":62},[44,102056,102057],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,102058,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,102060,102061,102063,102065,102067,102069,102071,102073,102075],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,102062,82],{"class":58},[44,102064,63],{"class":62},[44,102066,491],{"class":97},[44,102068,504],{"class":62},[44,102070,2636],{"class":97},[44,102072,63],{"class":62},[44,102074,4587],{"class":97},[44,102076,434],{"class":62},[20,102078,102079],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[600,102081,102083],{"id":102082},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102085,102086],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[35,102088,102090],{"className":37,"code":102089,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102091,102092,102120,102132,102136,102146],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102093,102094,102096,102098,102100,102102,102104,102106,102108,102110,102112,102114,102116,102118],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102095,1070],{"class":50},[44,102097,55],{"class":54},[44,102099,10313],{"class":62},[44,102101,2807],{"class":452},[44,102103,186],{"class":62},[44,102105,711],{"class":452},[44,102107,186],{"class":62},[44,102109,2812],{"class":452},[44,102111,186],{"class":62},[44,102113,2812],{"class":452},[44,102115,186],{"class":62},[44,102117,2282],{"class":452},[44,102119,9130],{"class":62},[44,102121,102122,102124,102126,102128,102130],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,102123,1089],{"class":50},[44,102125,55],{"class":54},[44,102127,10313],{"class":62},[44,102129,1894],{"class":452},[44,102131,9130],{"class":62},[44,102133,102134],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,102135,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,102137,102138,102140,102142,102144],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,102139,82],{"class":58},[44,102141,63],{"class":62},[44,102143,491],{"class":97},[44,102145,76],{"class":62},[44,102147,102148,102150,102152,102154,102156,102158,102160,102162],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,102149,82],{"class":58},[44,102151,63],{"class":62},[44,102153,491],{"class":97},[44,102155,504],{"class":62},[44,102157,2636],{"class":97},[44,102159,63],{"class":62},[44,102161,4587],{"class":97},[44,102163,434],{"class":62},[20,102165,1031],{},[35,102167,102169],{"className":37,"code":102168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102170,102171,102187],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102172,102173,102175,102177,102179,102181,102183,102185],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102174,9100],{"class":62},[44,102176,2807],{"class":452},[44,102178,186],{"class":62},[44,102180,2812],{"class":452},[44,102182,186],{"class":62},[44,102184,2282],{"class":452},[44,102186,9130],{"class":62},[44,102188,102189,102191,102193,102195,102197],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,102190,9100],{"class":62},[44,102192,2807],{"class":452},[44,102194,186],{"class":62},[44,102196,2812],{"class":452},[44,102198,9130],{"class":62},[20,102200,102201,102202,102204],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102203,100047],{}," runs.",[600,102206,102208],{"id":102207},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102210,102211],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[35,102213,102215],{"className":37,"code":102214,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102216,102217,102241,102261,102265,102275,102285,102303,102325],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102218,102219,102221,102223,102225,102227,102229,102231,102233,102235,102237,102239],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102220,1070],{"class":50},[44,102222,55],{"class":54},[44,102224,10313],{"class":62},[44,102226,2807],{"class":452},[44,102228,186],{"class":62},[44,102230,2812],{"class":452},[44,102232,186],{"class":62},[44,102234,2282],{"class":452},[44,102236,186],{"class":62},[44,102238,2287],{"class":452},[44,102240,9130],{"class":62},[44,102242,102243,102245,102247,102249,102251,102253,102255,102257,102259],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,102244,1089],{"class":50},[44,102246,55],{"class":54},[44,102248,10313],{"class":62},[44,102250,1894],{"class":452},[44,102252,186],{"class":62},[44,102254,2287],{"class":452},[44,102256,186],{"class":62},[44,102258,4431],{"class":452},[44,102260,9130],{"class":62},[44,102262,102263],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,102264,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,102266,102267,102269,102271,102273],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,102268,82],{"class":58},[44,102270,63],{"class":62},[44,102272,491],{"class":97},[44,102274,76],{"class":62},[44,102276,102277,102279,102281,102283],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,102278,82],{"class":58},[44,102280,63],{"class":62},[44,102282,4587],{"class":97},[44,102284,76],{"class":62},[44,102286,102287,102289,102291,102293,102295,102297,102299,102301],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,102288,82],{"class":58},[44,102290,63],{"class":62},[44,102292,491],{"class":97},[44,102294,504],{"class":62},[44,102296,2636],{"class":97},[44,102298,63],{"class":62},[44,102300,4587],{"class":97},[44,102302,434],{"class":62},[44,102304,102305,102307,102309,102311,102313,102315,102317,102319,102321,102323],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,102306,82],{"class":58},[44,102308,63],{"class":62},[44,102310,427],{"class":426},[44,102312,63],{"class":62},[44,102314,491],{"class":97},[44,102316,504],{"class":62},[44,102318,2636],{"class":97},[44,102320,63],{"class":62},[44,102322,4587],{"class":97},[44,102324,2731],{"class":62},[44,102326,102327,102329,102331,102333,102335,102337,102339,102341,102343,102345],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,102328,82],{"class":58},[44,102330,63],{"class":62},[44,102332,10986],{"class":58},[44,102334,63],{"class":62},[44,102336,491],{"class":97},[44,102338,504],{"class":62},[44,102340,2636],{"class":97},[44,102342,63],{"class":62},[44,102344,4587],{"class":97},[44,102346,2731],{"class":62},[20,102348,10995],{},[126,102350,102351,102354,102357,102360],{},[129,102352,102353],{},"what is in each set",[129,102355,102356],{},"what result Python creates",[129,102358,102359],{},"that the result is a set",[129,102361,102362],{},"how many items remain",[108,102364],{},[30,102366,1651],{"id":1650},[600,102368,1655,102370,102372],{"id":102369},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102371,100047],{}," change the original set?",[20,102374,102375],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[600,102377,5007,102379,1126,102381,213],{"id":102378},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102380,100047],{},[15,102382,100958],{},[20,102384,102385,102387,102388,102390],{},[15,102386,100047],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102389,100958],{}," modifies the original set.",[600,102392,28159,102394,102396],{"id":102393},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102395,100047],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102398,102399],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[600,102401,102403],{"id":102402},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102405,102406],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[108,102408],{},[30,102410,1719],{"id":1718},[126,102412,102413,102417,102425],{},[129,102414,102415],{},[491,102416,95961],{"href":97132},[129,102418,102419],{},[491,102420,96447,102422,10564],{"href":102421},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102423,102424],{},"intersection()",[129,102426,102427],{},[491,102428,96447,102430,10564],{"href":102429},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102431,102432],{},"union()",[1758,102434,102435],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":102437},[102438,102439,102441,102442,102443,102444,102446,102451,102453,102461,102470],{"id":3424,"depth":79,"text":3425},{"id":100169,"depth":79,"text":102440},"What difference() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":17247,"depth":79,"text":17248},{"id":11299,"depth":79,"text":11300},{"id":100788,"depth":79,"text":102445},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":100953,"depth":79,"text":102447,"children":102448},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102449,102450],{"id":2636,"depth":419,"text":100047},{"id":101106,"depth":419,"text":100958},{"id":101225,"depth":79,"text":102452},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4343,"depth":79,"text":4344,"children":102454},[102455,102456,102457,102458,102459,102460],{"id":101495,"depth":419,"text":101496},{"id":101683,"depth":419,"text":101684},{"id":101834,"depth":419,"text":101835},{"id":101997,"depth":419,"text":101998},{"id":102082,"depth":419,"text":102083},{"id":102207,"depth":419,"text":102208},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":102462},[102463,102465,102467,102469],{"id":102369,"depth":419,"text":102464},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102378,"depth":419,"text":102466},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102393,"depth":419,"text":102468},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102402,"depth":419,"text":102403},{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100039,"description":102471},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102478,"title":102479,"body":102480,"description":104175,"extension":1796,"meta":104176,"navigation":807,"path":104177,"seo":104178,"stem":104179,"__hash__":104180},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102481,"toc":104137},[102482,102488,102494,102507,102509,102610,102612,102657,102662,102667,102671,102685,102688,102696,102698,102717,102735,102739,102792,102794,102815,102822,102827,102854,102861,102960,102962,102999,103007,103011,103017,103020,103093,103095,103103,103108,103177,103179,103204,103206,103209,103312,103314,103375,103378,103382,103388,103461,103463,103496,103499,103502,103542,103548,103571,103576,103580,103591,103594,103596,103600,103606,103608,103665,103675,103677,103730,103737,103742,103810,103818,103824,103828,103830,103869,103874,103923,103927,103930,103932,103971,103974,103976,103981,104038,104040,104054,104056,104060,104066,104071,104076,104083,104094,104100,104105,104107,104134],[10,102483,95833,102485,11147],{"id":102484},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102486,102487],{},"discard()",[20,102489,102490,102493],{},[15,102491,102492],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102495,102496,102497,2018,102502,13880,102504,102506],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[491,102498,102499],{"href":97842},[15,102500,102501],{},"set.remove()",[15,102503,102487],{},[3563,102505,4457],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[30,102508,33],{"id":32},[35,102510,102512],{"className":37,"code":102511,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102513,102514,102546,102565,102575,102579,102600],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102515,102516,102518,102520,102522,102524,102526,102528,102530,102532,102534,102536,102538,102540,102542,102544],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102517,12901],{"class":50},[44,102519,55],{"class":54},[44,102521,10313],{"class":62},[44,102523,67],{"class":66},[44,102525,12918],{"class":70},[44,102527,67],{"class":66},[44,102529,186],{"class":62},[44,102531,1438],{"class":66},[44,102533,12935],{"class":70},[44,102535,67],{"class":66},[44,102537,186],{"class":62},[44,102539,1438],{"class":66},[44,102541,17285],{"class":70},[44,102543,67],{"class":66},[44,102545,9130],{"class":62},[44,102547,102548,102550,102552,102555,102557,102559,102561,102563],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,102549,17332],{"class":50},[44,102551,504],{"class":62},[44,102553,102554],{"class":97},"discard",[44,102556,63],{"class":62},[44,102558,67],{"class":66},[44,102560,12935],{"class":70},[44,102562,67],{"class":66},[44,102564,76],{"class":62},[44,102566,102567,102569,102571,102573],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,102568,82],{"class":58},[44,102570,63],{"class":62},[44,102572,17332],{"class":97},[44,102574,76],{"class":62},[44,102576,102577],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,102578,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,102580,102581,102583,102585,102587,102589,102591,102593,102595,102597],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,102582,17332],{"class":50},[44,102584,504],{"class":62},[44,102586,102554],{"class":97},[44,102588,63],{"class":62},[44,102590,67],{"class":66},[44,102592,22352],{"class":70},[44,102594,67],{"class":66},[44,102596,3480],{"class":62},[44,102598,102599],{"class":3483},"  # no error if missing\n",[44,102601,102602,102604,102606,102608],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,102603,82],{"class":58},[44,102605,63],{"class":62},[44,102607,17332],{"class":97},[44,102609,76],{"class":62},[20,102611,194],{},[35,102613,102615],{"className":37,"code":102614,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102616,102617,102637],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102618,102619,102621,102623,102625,102627,102629,102631,102633,102635],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102620,9100],{"class":62},[44,102622,476],{"class":66},[44,102624,12918],{"class":70},[44,102626,476],{"class":66},[44,102628,186],{"class":62},[44,102630,470],{"class":66},[44,102632,17285],{"class":70},[44,102634,476],{"class":66},[44,102636,9130],{"class":62},[44,102638,102639,102641,102643,102645,102647,102649,102651,102653,102655],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,102640,9100],{"class":62},[44,102642,476],{"class":66},[44,102644,12918],{"class":70},[44,102646,476],{"class":66},[44,102648,186],{"class":62},[44,102650,470],{"class":66},[44,102652,17285],{"class":70},[44,102654,476],{"class":66},[44,102656,9130],{"class":62},[20,102658,103,102659,102661],{},[15,102660,102487],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[30,102663,113,102665,116],{"id":102664},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102666,102492],{},[20,102668,102669,449],{},[15,102670,102487],{},[126,102672,102673,102676,102679,102681],{},[129,102674,102675],{},"Removes one item from a set",[129,102677,102678],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[129,102680,95948],{},[129,102682,11249,102683],{},[15,102684,3599],{},[20,102686,102687],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,102689,95957,102690,497,102693,504],{},[491,102691,102692],{"href":98424},"what a set is in Python",[491,102694,102695],{"href":97516},"how to create a set",[30,102697,250],{"id":249},[35,102699,102701],{"className":37,"code":102700,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,102702,102703],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102704,102705,102707,102709,102711,102713,102715],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102706,15494],{"class":50},[44,102708,504],{"class":62},[44,102710,102554],{"class":97},[44,102712,63],{"class":62},[44,102714,354],{"class":97},[44,102716,76],{"class":62},[126,102718,102719,102724,102729,102732],{},[129,102720,102721,102723],{},[15,102722,15494],{}," is the set you want to change",[129,102725,102726,102728],{},[15,102727,354],{}," is the item you want to remove",[129,102730,102731],{},"The set must already exist",[129,102733,102734],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[600,102736,102738],{"id":102737},"example","Example",[35,102740,102742],{"className":37,"code":102741,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,102743,102744,102768,102782],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102745,102746,102748,102750,102752,102754,102756,102758,102760,102762,102764,102766],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102747,3435],{"class":50},[44,102749,55],{"class":54},[44,102751,10313],{"class":62},[44,102753,2807],{"class":452},[44,102755,186],{"class":62},[44,102757,2812],{"class":452},[44,102759,186],{"class":62},[44,102761,2282],{"class":452},[44,102763,186],{"class":62},[44,102765,2287],{"class":452},[44,102767,9130],{"class":62},[44,102769,102770,102772,102774,102776,102778,102780],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,102771,3467],{"class":50},[44,102773,504],{"class":62},[44,102775,102554],{"class":97},[44,102777,63],{"class":62},[44,102779,1894],{"class":452},[44,102781,76],{"class":62},[44,102783,102784,102786,102788,102790],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,102785,82],{"class":58},[44,102787,63],{"class":62},[44,102789,3467],{"class":97},[44,102791,76],{"class":62},[20,102793,1031],{},[35,102795,102797],{"className":37,"code":102796,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,102798,102799],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102800,102801,102803,102805,102807,102809,102811,102813],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102802,9100],{"class":62},[44,102804,2807],{"class":452},[44,102806,186],{"class":62},[44,102808,2812],{"class":452},[44,102810,186],{"class":62},[44,102812,2287],{"class":452},[44,102814,9130],{"class":62},[30,102816,102818,102819,102821],{"id":102817},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,102820,102487],{}," different",[20,102823,102824,102826],{},[15,102825,102487],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[126,102828,102829,102842,102851],{},[129,102830,102831,102832,2018,102836,102838,102839,102841],{},"Unlike ",[491,102833,102834],{"href":97842},[15,102835,55156],{},[15,102837,102487],{}," does not raise ",[15,102840,19517],{}," when the item is missing",[129,102843,102831,102844,2018,102848,102850],{},[491,102845,102846],{"href":97847},[15,102847,12587],{},[15,102849,102487],{}," removes a specific item",[129,102852,102853],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[600,102855,102857,10408,102859],{"id":102856},"discard-vs-remove",[15,102858,102487],{},[15,102860,55156],{},[35,102862,102864],{"className":37,"code":102863,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,102865,102866,102890,102894,102915,102925,102929,102950],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102867,102868,102870,102872,102874,102876,102878,102880,102882,102884,102886,102888],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102869,7609],{"class":50},[44,102871,55],{"class":54},[44,102873,10313],{"class":62},[44,102875,67],{"class":66},[44,102877,3903],{"class":70},[44,102879,67],{"class":66},[44,102881,186],{"class":62},[44,102883,1438],{"class":66},[44,102885,3912],{"class":70},[44,102887,67],{"class":66},[44,102889,9130],{"class":62},[44,102891,102892],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,102893,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,102895,102896,102898,102900,102902,102904,102906,102908,102910,102912],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,102897,7640],{"class":50},[44,102899,504],{"class":62},[44,102901,102554],{"class":97},[44,102903,63],{"class":62},[44,102905,67],{"class":66},[44,102907,33046],{"class":70},[44,102909,67],{"class":66},[44,102911,3480],{"class":62},[44,102913,102914],{"class":3483},"   # no error\n",[44,102916,102917,102919,102921,102923],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,102918,82],{"class":58},[44,102920,63],{"class":62},[44,102922,7640],{"class":97},[44,102924,76],{"class":62},[44,102926,102927],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,102928,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,102930,102931,102933,102935,102937,102939,102941,102943,102945,102947],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,102932,7640],{"class":50},[44,102934,504],{"class":62},[44,102936,34621],{"class":97},[44,102938,63],{"class":62},[44,102940,67],{"class":66},[44,102942,3912],{"class":70},[44,102944,67],{"class":66},[44,102946,3480],{"class":62},[44,102948,102949],{"class":3483},"    # removes existing item\n",[44,102951,102952,102954,102956,102958],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,102953,82],{"class":58},[44,102955,63],{"class":62},[44,102957,7640],{"class":97},[44,102959,76],{"class":62},[20,102961,1031],{},[35,102963,102965],{"className":37,"code":102964,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,102966,102967,102987],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102968,102969,102971,102973,102975,102977,102979,102981,102983,102985],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102970,9100],{"class":62},[44,102972,476],{"class":66},[44,102974,3903],{"class":70},[44,102976,476],{"class":66},[44,102978,186],{"class":62},[44,102980,470],{"class":66},[44,102982,3912],{"class":70},[44,102984,476],{"class":66},[44,102986,9130],{"class":62},[44,102988,102989,102991,102993,102995,102997],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,102990,9100],{"class":62},[44,102992,476],{"class":66},[44,102994,3903],{"class":70},[44,102996,476],{"class":66},[44,102998,9130],{"class":62},[20,103000,40168,103001,103003,103004,103006],{},[15,103002,55156],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[491,103005,10899],{"href":10898}," for more help with that case.",[30,103008,103010],{"id":103009},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103012,103013,2228,103015,504],{},[15,103014,102487],{},[15,103016,3599],{},[20,103018,103019],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[35,103021,103023],{"className":37,"code":103022,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103024,103025,103057,103079,103083],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103026,103027,103029,103031,103033,103035,103037,103039,103041,103043,103045,103047,103049,103051,103053,103055],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103028,12901],{"class":50},[44,103030,55],{"class":54},[44,103032,10313],{"class":62},[44,103034,67],{"class":66},[44,103036,12918],{"class":70},[44,103038,67],{"class":66},[44,103040,186],{"class":62},[44,103042,1438],{"class":66},[44,103044,12935],{"class":70},[44,103046,67],{"class":66},[44,103048,186],{"class":62},[44,103050,1438],{"class":66},[44,103052,17285],{"class":70},[44,103054,67],{"class":66},[44,103056,9130],{"class":62},[44,103058,103059,103061,103063,103065,103067,103069,103071,103073,103075,103077],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,103060,2059],{"class":50},[44,103062,55],{"class":54},[44,103064,12949],{"class":50},[44,103066,504],{"class":62},[44,103068,102554],{"class":97},[44,103070,63],{"class":62},[44,103072,67],{"class":66},[44,103074,12935],{"class":70},[44,103076,67],{"class":66},[44,103078,76],{"class":62},[44,103080,103081],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,103082,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,103084,103085,103087,103089,103091],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,103086,82],{"class":58},[44,103088,63],{"class":62},[44,103090,2094],{"class":97},[44,103092,76],{"class":62},[20,103094,1031],{},[35,103096,103097],{"className":37,"code":11633,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,103098,103099],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103100,103101],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103102,11633],{"class":3674},[20,103104,103105,103106,449],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103107,17332],{},[35,103109,103111],{"className":37,"code":103110,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103112,103113,103145,103163,103167],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103114,103115,103117,103119,103121,103123,103125,103127,103129,103131,103133,103135,103137,103139,103141,103143],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103116,12901],{"class":50},[44,103118,55],{"class":54},[44,103120,10313],{"class":62},[44,103122,67],{"class":66},[44,103124,12918],{"class":70},[44,103126,67],{"class":66},[44,103128,186],{"class":62},[44,103130,1438],{"class":66},[44,103132,12935],{"class":70},[44,103134,67],{"class":66},[44,103136,186],{"class":62},[44,103138,1438],{"class":66},[44,103140,17285],{"class":70},[44,103142,67],{"class":66},[44,103144,9130],{"class":62},[44,103146,103147,103149,103151,103153,103155,103157,103159,103161],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,103148,17332],{"class":50},[44,103150,504],{"class":62},[44,103152,102554],{"class":97},[44,103154,63],{"class":62},[44,103156,67],{"class":66},[44,103158,12935],{"class":70},[44,103160,67],{"class":66},[44,103162,76],{"class":62},[44,103164,103165],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,103166,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,103168,103169,103171,103173,103175],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,103170,82],{"class":58},[44,103172,63],{"class":62},[44,103174,17332],{"class":97},[44,103176,76],{"class":62},[20,103178,1031],{},[35,103180,103182],{"className":37,"code":103181,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103183,103184],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103185,103186,103188,103190,103192,103194,103196,103198,103200,103202],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103187,9100],{"class":62},[44,103189,476],{"class":66},[44,103191,12918],{"class":70},[44,103193,476],{"class":66},[44,103195,186],{"class":62},[44,103197,470],{"class":66},[44,103199,17285],{"class":70},[44,103201,476],{"class":66},[44,103203,9130],{"class":62},[30,103205,11300],{"id":11299},[20,103207,103208],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[35,103210,103212],{"className":37,"code":103211,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103213,103214,103246,103250,103268,103272,103290,103294],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103215,103216,103218,103220,103222,103224,103226,103228,103230,103232,103234,103236,103238,103240,103242,103244],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103217,36064],{"class":50},[44,103219,55],{"class":54},[44,103221,10313],{"class":62},[44,103223,67],{"class":66},[44,103225,3903],{"class":70},[44,103227,67],{"class":66},[44,103229,186],{"class":62},[44,103231,1438],{"class":66},[44,103233,3912],{"class":70},[44,103235,67],{"class":66},[44,103237,186],{"class":62},[44,103239,1438],{"class":66},[44,103241,33046],{"class":70},[44,103243,67],{"class":66},[44,103245,9130],{"class":62},[44,103247,103248],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,103249,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,103251,103252,103254,103256,103258,103260,103262,103264,103266],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,103253,82],{"class":58},[44,103255,63],{"class":62},[44,103257,67],{"class":66},[44,103259,11389],{"class":70},[44,103261,67],{"class":66},[44,103263,186],{"class":62},[44,103265,52478],{"class":97},[44,103267,76],{"class":62},[44,103269,103270],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,103271,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,103273,103274,103276,103278,103280,103282,103284,103286,103288],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,103275,36116],{"class":50},[44,103277,504],{"class":62},[44,103279,102554],{"class":97},[44,103281,63],{"class":62},[44,103283,67],{"class":66},[44,103285,3912],{"class":70},[44,103287,67],{"class":66},[44,103289,76],{"class":62},[44,103291,103292],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,103293,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,103295,103296,103298,103300,103302,103304,103306,103308,103310],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,103297,82],{"class":58},[44,103299,63],{"class":62},[44,103301,67],{"class":66},[44,103303,11429],{"class":70},[44,103305,67],{"class":66},[44,103307,186],{"class":62},[44,103309,52478],{"class":97},[44,103311,76],{"class":62},[20,103313,1031],{},[35,103315,103317],{"className":37,"code":103316,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103318,103319,103351],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103320,103321,103323,103325,103327,103329,103331,103333,103335,103337,103339,103341,103343,103345,103347,103349],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103322,11449],{"class":50},[44,103324,449],{"class":62},[44,103326,10313],{"class":62},[44,103328,476],{"class":66},[44,103330,3912],{"class":70},[44,103332,476],{"class":66},[44,103334,186],{"class":62},[44,103336,470],{"class":66},[44,103338,3903],{"class":70},[44,103340,476],{"class":66},[44,103342,186],{"class":62},[44,103344,470],{"class":66},[44,103346,33046],{"class":70},[44,103348,476],{"class":66},[44,103350,9130],{"class":62},[44,103352,103353,103355,103357,103359,103361,103363,103365,103367,103369,103371,103373],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,103354,11502],{"class":50},[44,103356,449],{"class":62},[44,103358,10313],{"class":62},[44,103360,476],{"class":66},[44,103362,3903],{"class":70},[44,103364,476],{"class":66},[44,103366,186],{"class":62},[44,103368,470],{"class":66},[44,103370,33046],{"class":70},[44,103372,476],{"class":66},[44,103374,9130],{"class":62},[20,103376,103377],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[30,103379,103381],{"id":103380},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103383,103384,103385,103387],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103386,102487],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[35,103389,103391],{"className":37,"code":103390,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103392,103393,103425,103429,103447,103451],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103394,103395,103397,103399,103401,103403,103405,103407,103409,103411,103413,103415,103417,103419,103421,103423],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103396,36064],{"class":50},[44,103398,55],{"class":54},[44,103400,10313],{"class":62},[44,103402,67],{"class":66},[44,103404,3903],{"class":70},[44,103406,67],{"class":66},[44,103408,186],{"class":62},[44,103410,1438],{"class":66},[44,103412,3912],{"class":70},[44,103414,67],{"class":66},[44,103416,186],{"class":62},[44,103418,1438],{"class":66},[44,103420,33046],{"class":70},[44,103422,67],{"class":66},[44,103424,9130],{"class":62},[44,103426,103427],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,103428,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,103430,103431,103433,103435,103437,103439,103441,103443,103445],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,103432,36116],{"class":50},[44,103434,504],{"class":62},[44,103436,102554],{"class":97},[44,103438,63],{"class":62},[44,103440,67],{"class":66},[44,103442,22361],{"class":70},[44,103444,67],{"class":66},[44,103446,76],{"class":62},[44,103448,103449],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,103450,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,103452,103453,103455,103457,103459],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,103454,82],{"class":58},[44,103456,63],{"class":62},[44,103458,36116],{"class":97},[44,103460,76],{"class":62},[20,103462,1031],{},[35,103464,103466],{"className":37,"code":103465,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103467,103468],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103469,103470,103472,103474,103476,103478,103480,103482,103484,103486,103488,103490,103492,103494],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103471,9100],{"class":62},[44,103473,476],{"class":66},[44,103475,3912],{"class":70},[44,103477,476],{"class":66},[44,103479,186],{"class":62},[44,103481,470],{"class":66},[44,103483,3903],{"class":70},[44,103485,476],{"class":66},[44,103487,186],{"class":62},[44,103489,470],{"class":66},[44,103491,33046],{"class":70},[44,103493,476],{"class":66},[44,103495,9130],{"class":62},[20,103497,103498],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103500,103501],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[35,103503,103505],{"className":37,"code":103504,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103506,103507,103523],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103508,103509,103511,103513,103515,103517,103519,103521],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103510,6828],{"class":1384},[44,103512,1438],{"class":66},[44,103514,22361],{"class":70},[44,103516,67],{"class":66},[44,103518,21002],{"class":54},[44,103520,52478],{"class":50},[44,103522,1388],{"class":62},[44,103524,103525,103528,103530,103532,103534,103536,103538,103540],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,103526,103527],{"class":50},"    fruits",[44,103529,504],{"class":62},[44,103531,34621],{"class":97},[44,103533,63],{"class":62},[44,103535,67],{"class":66},[44,103537,22361],{"class":70},[44,103539,67],{"class":66},[44,103541,76],{"class":62},[20,103543,103544,103545,103547],{},"With ",[15,103546,102487],{},", you can simply write:",[35,103549,103551],{"className":37,"code":103550,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103552,103553],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103554,103555,103557,103559,103561,103563,103565,103567,103569],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103556,36116],{"class":50},[44,103558,504],{"class":62},[44,103560,102554],{"class":97},[44,103562,63],{"class":62},[44,103564,67],{"class":66},[44,103566,22361],{"class":70},[44,103568,67],{"class":66},[44,103570,76],{"class":62},[30,103572,4788,103574],{"id":103573},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103575,102487],{},[20,103577,103,103578,10424],{},[15,103579,102487],{},[126,103581,103582,103585,103588],{},[129,103583,103584],{},"Missing values are normal",[129,103586,103587],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[129,103589,103590],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103592,103593],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[30,103595,1486],{"id":1485},[20,103597,8273,103598,504],{},[15,103599,102487],{},[600,103601,8279,103603,103605],{"id":103602},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103604,102487],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103607,4351],{},[35,103609,103611],{"className":37,"code":103610,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103612,103613,103633,103651,103655],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103614,103615,103617,103619,103621,103623,103625,103627,103629,103631],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103616,3435],{"class":50},[44,103618,55],{"class":54},[44,103620,10313],{"class":62},[44,103622,2807],{"class":452},[44,103624,186],{"class":62},[44,103626,2812],{"class":452},[44,103628,186],{"class":62},[44,103630,2282],{"class":452},[44,103632,9130],{"class":62},[44,103634,103635,103637,103639,103641,103643,103645,103647,103649],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,103636,3435],{"class":50},[44,103638,55],{"class":54},[44,103640,4088],{"class":50},[44,103642,504],{"class":62},[44,103644,102554],{"class":97},[44,103646,63],{"class":62},[44,103648,1889],{"class":452},[44,103650,76],{"class":62},[44,103652,103653],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,103654,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,103656,103657,103659,103661,103663],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,103658,82],{"class":58},[44,103660,63],{"class":62},[44,103662,3467],{"class":97},[44,103664,76],{"class":62},[20,103666,103667,1698,103669,8428,103671,2228,103673,504],{},[15,103668,3467],{},[15,103670,3599],{},[15,103672,102487],{},[15,103674,3599],{},[20,103676,18671],{},[35,103678,103680],{"className":37,"code":103679,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103681,103682,103702,103716,103720],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103683,103684,103686,103688,103690,103692,103694,103696,103698,103700],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103685,3435],{"class":50},[44,103687,55],{"class":54},[44,103689,10313],{"class":62},[44,103691,2807],{"class":452},[44,103693,186],{"class":62},[44,103695,2812],{"class":452},[44,103697,186],{"class":62},[44,103699,2282],{"class":452},[44,103701,9130],{"class":62},[44,103703,103704,103706,103708,103710,103712,103714],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,103705,3467],{"class":50},[44,103707,504],{"class":62},[44,103709,102554],{"class":97},[44,103711,63],{"class":62},[44,103713,1889],{"class":452},[44,103715,76],{"class":62},[44,103717,103718],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,103719,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,103721,103722,103724,103726,103728],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,103723,82],{"class":58},[44,103725,63],{"class":62},[44,103727,3467],{"class":97},[44,103729,76],{"class":62},[600,103731,37030,103733,8529,103735],{"id":103732},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,103734,102487],{},[15,103736,55156],{},[20,103738,103739,103740,504],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,103741,102487],{},[35,103743,103745],{"className":37,"code":103744,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,103746,103747,103779,103800],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103748,103749,103751,103753,103755,103757,103759,103761,103763,103765,103767,103769,103771,103773,103775,103777],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103750,35915],{"class":50},[44,103752,55],{"class":54},[44,103754,10313],{"class":62},[44,103756,67],{"class":66},[44,103758,491],{"class":70},[44,103760,67],{"class":66},[44,103762,186],{"class":62},[44,103764,1438],{"class":66},[44,103766,4587],{"class":70},[44,103768,67],{"class":66},[44,103770,186],{"class":62},[44,103772,1438],{"class":66},[44,103774,9561],{"class":70},[44,103776,67],{"class":66},[44,103778,9130],{"class":62},[44,103780,103781,103783,103785,103787,103789,103791,103793,103795,103797],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,103782,35968],{"class":50},[44,103784,504],{"class":62},[44,103786,102554],{"class":97},[44,103788,63],{"class":62},[44,103790,67],{"class":66},[44,103792,21905],{"class":70},[44,103794,67],{"class":66},[44,103796,3480],{"class":62},[44,103798,103799],{"class":3483},"   # safe\n",[44,103801,103802,103804,103806,103808],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,103803,82],{"class":58},[44,103805,63],{"class":62},[44,103807,35968],{"class":97},[44,103809,76],{"class":62},[20,103811,103812,103813,1183,103816,504],{},"If you use ",[15,103814,103815],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,103817,19517],{},[600,103819,25446,103821,103823],{"id":103820},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,103822,102487],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,103825,103826,101840],{},[15,103827,102487],{},[20,103829,16472],{},[35,103831,103833],{"className":37,"code":103832,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,103834,103835,103855],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103836,103837,103839,103841,103843,103845,103847,103849,103851,103853],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103838,7609],{"class":50},[44,103840,55],{"class":54},[44,103842,3440],{"class":62},[44,103844,2807],{"class":452},[44,103846,186],{"class":62},[44,103848,2812],{"class":452},[44,103850,186],{"class":62},[44,103852,2282],{"class":452},[44,103854,3453],{"class":62},[44,103856,103857,103859,103861,103863,103865,103867],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,103858,7640],{"class":50},[44,103860,504],{"class":62},[44,103862,102554],{"class":97},[44,103864,63],{"class":62},[44,103866,1889],{"class":452},[44,103868,76],{"class":62},[20,103870,103871,103872,449],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,103873,102487],{},[35,103875,103877],{"className":37,"code":103876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,103878,103879,103899,103913],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103880,103881,103883,103885,103887,103889,103891,103893,103895,103897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103882,7609],{"class":50},[44,103884,55],{"class":54},[44,103886,10313],{"class":62},[44,103888,2807],{"class":452},[44,103890,186],{"class":62},[44,103892,2812],{"class":452},[44,103894,186],{"class":62},[44,103896,2282],{"class":452},[44,103898,9130],{"class":62},[44,103900,103901,103903,103905,103907,103909,103911],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,103902,7640],{"class":50},[44,103904,504],{"class":62},[44,103906,102554],{"class":97},[44,103908,63],{"class":62},[44,103910,1889],{"class":452},[44,103912,76],{"class":62},[44,103914,103915,103917,103919,103921],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,103916,82],{"class":58},[44,103918,63],{"class":62},[44,103920,7640],{"class":97},[44,103922,76],{"class":62},[600,103924,103926],{"id":103925},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,103928,103929],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,103931,2660],{},[35,103933,103935],{"className":37,"code":103934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,103936,103937,103957],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103938,103939,103941,103943,103945,103947,103949,103951,103953,103955],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103940,8988],{"class":50},[44,103942,55],{"class":54},[44,103944,10313],{"class":62},[44,103946,2807],{"class":452},[44,103948,186],{"class":62},[44,103950,2812],{"class":452},[44,103952,186],{"class":62},[44,103954,2282],{"class":452},[44,103956,9130],{"class":62},[44,103958,103959,103961,103963,103965,103967,103969],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,103960,9026],{"class":50},[44,103962,504],{"class":62},[44,103964,102554],{"class":97},[44,103966,2804],{"class":62},[44,103968,1889],{"class":452},[44,103970,3711],{"class":62},[20,103972,103973],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[30,103975,8697],{"id":8696},[20,103977,8700,103978,103980],{},[15,103979,102487],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[35,103982,103984],{"className":37,"code":103983,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,103985,103986,103996,104010,104024],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103987,103988,103990,103992,103994],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103989,82],{"class":58},[44,103991,63],{"class":62},[44,103993,15494],{"class":97},[44,103995,76],{"class":62},[44,103997,103998,104000,104002,104004,104006,104008],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,103999,82],{"class":58},[44,104001,63],{"class":62},[44,104003,427],{"class":426},[44,104005,63],{"class":62},[44,104007,15494],{"class":97},[44,104009,434],{"class":62},[44,104011,104012,104014,104016,104018,104020,104022],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,104013,82],{"class":58},[44,104015,63],{"class":62},[44,104017,338],{"class":97},[44,104019,3705],{"class":1384},[44,104021,96557],{"class":97},[44,104023,76],{"class":62},[44,104025,104026,104028,104030,104032,104034,104036],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,104027,31978],{"class":58},[44,104029,63],{"class":62},[44,104031,6116],{"class":426},[44,104033,504],{"class":62},[44,104035,102554],{"class":24579},[44,104037,76],{"class":62},[20,104039,10995],{},[126,104041,104042,104045,104048,104051],{},[129,104043,104044],{},"What is currently in the set",[129,104046,104047],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[129,104049,104050],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[129,104052,104053],{},"How Python documents the method",[30,104055,1651],{"id":1650},[600,104057,104059],{"id":104058},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104061,104062,104063,104065],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104064,102487],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[600,104067,4970,104069,12540],{"id":104068},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104070,102492],{},[20,104072,4976,104073,104075],{},[15,104074,3599],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[600,104077,5007,104079,1126,104081,213],{"id":104078},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104080,102487],{},[15,104082,55156],{},[20,104084,104085,104086,26368,104088,104090,104091,104093],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104087,55156],{},[15,104089,19517],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104092,102487],{}," does not.",[600,104095,28159,104097,104099],{"id":104096},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104098,102487],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104101,1661,104102,104104],{},[15,104103,102487],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[30,104106,1719],{"id":1718},[126,104108,104109,104115,104121,104126,104130],{},[129,104110,104111],{},[491,104112,96447,104113,10564],{"href":97842},[15,104114,55156],{},[129,104116,104117],{},[491,104118,96447,104119,10564],{"href":97847},[15,104120,12587],{},[129,104122,104123],{},[491,104124,104125],{"href":97516},"Python set: creating a set",[129,104127,104128],{},[491,104129,99982],{"href":98424},[129,104131,104132],{},[491,104133,11087],{"href":10898},[1758,104135,104136],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":104138},[104139,104140,104142,104145,104150,104151,104152,104153,104155,104164,104165,104174],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":102664,"depth":79,"text":104141},"What set.discard() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250,"children":104143},[104144],{"id":102737,"depth":419,"text":102738},{"id":102817,"depth":79,"text":104146,"children":104147},"What makes discard() different",[104148],{"id":102856,"depth":419,"text":104149},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103009,"depth":79,"text":103010},{"id":11299,"depth":79,"text":11300},{"id":103380,"depth":79,"text":103381},{"id":103573,"depth":79,"text":104154},"When to use discard()",{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486,"children":104156},[104157,104159,104161,104163],{"id":103602,"depth":419,"text":104158},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103732,"depth":419,"text":104160},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":103820,"depth":419,"text":104162},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":103925,"depth":419,"text":103926},{"id":8696,"depth":79,"text":8697},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":104166},[104167,104168,104170,104172],{"id":104058,"depth":419,"text":104059},{"id":104068,"depth":419,"text":104169},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104078,"depth":419,"text":104171},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104096,"depth":419,"text":104173},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102479,"description":104175},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104182,"title":104183,"body":104184,"description":106190,"extension":1796,"meta":106191,"navigation":807,"path":106192,"seo":106193,"stem":106194,"__hash__":106195},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104185,"toc":106148},[104186,104189,104197,104202,104213,104215,104270,104274,104294,104299,104303,104308,104310,104324,104326,104401,104403,104436,104441,104446,104448,104450,104465,104468,104476,104481,104496,104498,104587,104589,104678,104684,104688,104690,104728,104730,104754,104757,104772,104774,104829,104831,104864,104866,104871,104875,104879,104884,104949,104951,104971,104977,104981,105038,105040,105061,105065,105070,105115,105117,105150,105153,105157,105190,105192,105221,105225,105229,105232,105234,105253,105255,105301,105306,105320,105322,105353,105358,105361,105405,105407,105435,105439,105443,105459,105462,105527,105529,105541,105544,105548,105551,105556,105584,105586,105604,105610,105649,105651,105669,105675,105704,105706,105724,105727,105744,105746,105751,105755,105758,105784,105791,105796,105811,105820,105824,105827,105858,105864,105867,105876,105879,105881,105883,105941,105944,105969,105971,105975,105978,105982,105990,105994,105997,106001,106004,106006,106029,106031,106072,106079,106087,106090,106121,106123,106145],[10,104187,104183],{"id":104188},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104190,8945,104191,104193,104194,504],{},[15,104192,3618],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[3563,104195,104196],{},"unique values only",[20,104198,35232,104199,104201],{},[15,104200,3618],{}," to:",[126,104203,104204,104207,104210],{},[129,104205,104206],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[129,104208,104209],{},"check whether a value exists",[129,104211,104212],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[30,104214,33],{"id":32},[35,104216,104218],{"className":37,"code":104217,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104219,104220,104244,104259],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104221,104222,104224,104226,104228,104230,104232,104234,104236,104238,104240,104242],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104223,3435],{"class":50},[44,104225,55],{"class":54},[44,104227,3440],{"class":62},[44,104229,2807],{"class":452},[44,104231,186],{"class":62},[44,104233,2812],{"class":452},[44,104235,186],{"class":62},[44,104237,2812],{"class":452},[44,104239,186],{"class":62},[44,104241,2282],{"class":452},[44,104243,3453],{"class":62},[44,104245,104246,104249,104251,104253,104255,104257],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,104247,104248],{"class":50},"unique_numbers ",[44,104250,55],{"class":54},[44,104252,15461],{"class":426},[44,104254,63],{"class":62},[44,104256,3467],{"class":97},[44,104258,76],{"class":62},[44,104260,104261,104263,104265,104268],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,104262,82],{"class":58},[44,104264,63],{"class":62},[44,104266,104267],{"class":97},"unique_numbers",[44,104269,76],{"class":62},[20,104271,104272],{},[3563,104273,1031],{},[35,104275,104276],{"className":37,"code":96240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,104277,104278],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104279,104280,104282,104284,104286,104288,104290,104292],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104281,9100],{"class":62},[44,104283,2807],{"class":452},[44,104285,186],{"class":62},[44,104287,2812],{"class":452},[44,104289,186],{"class":62},[44,104291,2282],{"class":452},[44,104293,9130],{"class":62},[20,104295,103,104296,104298],{},[15,104297,3618],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[30,104300,104302],{"id":104301},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104304,104305,104307],{},[15,104306,3618],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104309,30367],{},[126,104311,104312,104315,104318,104321],{},[129,104313,104314],{},"A set stores unique items only",[129,104316,104317],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[129,104319,104320],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[129,104322,104323],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104325,145],{},[35,104327,104329],{"className":37,"code":104328,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104330,104331,104371,104386,104390],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104332,104333,104335,104337,104339,104341,104343,104345,104347,104349,104351,104353,104355,104357,104359,104361,104363,104365,104367,104369],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104334,12901],{"class":50},[44,104336,55],{"class":54},[44,104338,3440],{"class":62},[44,104340,67],{"class":66},[44,104342,12918],{"class":70},[44,104344,67],{"class":66},[44,104346,186],{"class":62},[44,104348,1438],{"class":66},[44,104350,12935],{"class":70},[44,104352,67],{"class":66},[44,104354,186],{"class":62},[44,104356,1438],{"class":66},[44,104358,12918],{"class":70},[44,104360,67],{"class":66},[44,104362,186],{"class":62},[44,104364,1438],{"class":66},[44,104366,17285],{"class":70},[44,104368,67],{"class":66},[44,104370,3453],{"class":62},[44,104372,104373,104376,104378,104380,104382,104384],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,104374,104375],{"class":50},"unique_colors ",[44,104377,55],{"class":54},[44,104379,15461],{"class":426},[44,104381,63],{"class":62},[44,104383,17332],{"class":97},[44,104385,76],{"class":62},[44,104387,104388],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,104389,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,104391,104392,104394,104396,104399],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,104393,82],{"class":58},[44,104395,63],{"class":62},[44,104397,104398],{"class":97},"unique_colors",[44,104400,76],{"class":62},[20,104402,194],{},[35,104404,104406],{"className":37,"code":104405,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104407,104408],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104409,104410,104412,104414,104416,104418,104420,104422,104424,104426,104428,104430,104432,104434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104411,9100],{"class":62},[44,104413,476],{"class":66},[44,104415,12935],{"class":70},[44,104417,476],{"class":66},[44,104419,186],{"class":62},[44,104421,470],{"class":66},[44,104423,17285],{"class":70},[44,104425,476],{"class":66},[44,104427,186],{"class":62},[44,104429,470],{"class":66},[44,104431,12918],{"class":70},[44,104433,476],{"class":66},[44,104435,9130],{"class":62},[20,104437,2116,104438,104440],{},[15,104439,65022],{}," appears only once.",[20,104442,104443,104444,504],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[491,104445,95961],{"href":95960},[30,104447,250],{"id":249},[20,104449,1989],{},[35,104451,104453],{"className":37,"code":104452,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104454,104455],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104456,104457,104459,104461,104463],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104458,6116],{"class":426},[44,104460,63],{"class":62},[44,104462,3540],{"class":97},[44,104464,76],{"class":62},[20,104466,104467],{},"The argument is optional.",[126,104469,104470,104473],{},[129,104471,104472],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[129,104474,104475],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104477,104478,104479,449],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104480,3618],{},[126,104482,104483,104485,104487,104489,104493],{},[129,104484,7921],{},[129,104486,48578],{},[129,104488,60803],{},[129,104490,104491],{},[15,104492,36023],{},[129,104494,104495],{},"another set",[20,104497,1957],{},[35,104499,104501],{"className":37,"code":104500,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104502,104503,104529,104551,104569],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104504,104505,104507,104509,104511,104513,104515,104517,104519,104521,104523,104525,104527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104506,82],{"class":58},[44,104508,63],{"class":62},[44,104510,6116],{"class":426},[44,104512,2804],{"class":62},[44,104514,2807],{"class":452},[44,104516,186],{"class":62},[44,104518,2812],{"class":452},[44,104520,186],{"class":62},[44,104522,2812],{"class":452},[44,104524,186],{"class":62},[44,104526,2282],{"class":452},[44,104528,2819],{"class":62},[44,104530,104531,104533,104535,104537,104539,104541,104543,104545,104547,104549],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,104532,82],{"class":58},[44,104534,63],{"class":62},[44,104536,6116],{"class":426},[44,104538,5339],{"class":62},[44,104540,2161],{"class":452},[44,104542,186],{"class":62},[44,104544,7620],{"class":452},[44,104546,186],{"class":62},[44,104548,5834],{"class":452},[44,104550,2731],{"class":62},[44,104552,104553,104555,104557,104559,104561,104563,104565,104567],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,104554,82],{"class":58},[44,104556,63],{"class":62},[44,104558,6116],{"class":426},[44,104560,63],{"class":62},[44,104562,67],{"class":66},[44,104564,3667],{"class":70},[44,104566,67],{"class":66},[44,104568,434],{"class":62},[44,104570,104571,104573,104575,104577,104579,104581,104583,104585],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,104572,82],{"class":58},[44,104574,63],{"class":62},[44,104576,6116],{"class":426},[44,104578,63],{"class":62},[44,104580,59627],{"class":58},[44,104582,63],{"class":62},[44,104584,1125],{"class":452},[44,104586,2731],{"class":62},[20,104588,194],{},[35,104590,104592],{"className":37,"code":104591,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104593,104594,104610,104622,104658],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104595,104596,104598,104600,104602,104604,104606,104608],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104597,9100],{"class":62},[44,104599,2807],{"class":452},[44,104601,186],{"class":62},[44,104603,2812],{"class":452},[44,104605,186],{"class":62},[44,104607,2282],{"class":452},[44,104609,9130],{"class":62},[44,104611,104612,104614,104616,104618,104620],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,104613,9100],{"class":62},[44,104615,2161],{"class":452},[44,104617,186],{"class":62},[44,104619,7620],{"class":452},[44,104621,9130],{"class":62},[44,104623,104624,104626,104628,104630,104632,104634,104636,104638,104640,104642,104644,104646,104648,104650,104652,104654,104656],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,104625,9100],{"class":62},[44,104627,476],{"class":66},[44,104629,60067],{"class":70},[44,104631,476],{"class":66},[44,104633,186],{"class":62},[44,104635,470],{"class":66},[44,104637,60076],{"class":70},[44,104639,476],{"class":66},[44,104641,186],{"class":62},[44,104643,470],{"class":66},[44,104645,60085],{"class":70},[44,104647,476],{"class":66},[44,104649,186],{"class":62},[44,104651,470],{"class":66},[44,104653,60102],{"class":70},[44,104655,476],{"class":66},[44,104657,9130],{"class":62},[44,104659,104660,104662,104664,104666,104668,104670,104672,104674,104676],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,104661,9100],{"class":62},[44,104663,1951],{"class":452},[44,104665,186],{"class":62},[44,104667,711],{"class":452},[44,104669,186],{"class":62},[44,104671,2812],{"class":452},[44,104673,186],{"class":62},[44,104675,2282],{"class":452},[44,104677,9130],{"class":62},[20,104679,104680,104681,504],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[491,104682,104683],{"href":64477},"Python list() function explained",[30,104685,104687],{"id":104686},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104689,97913],{},[35,104691,104692],{"className":37,"code":98878,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,104693,104694,104704,104714],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104695,104696,104698,104700,104702],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104697,97923],{"class":50},[44,104699,55],{"class":54},[44,104701,15461],{"class":426},[44,104703,345],{"class":62},[44,104705,104706,104708,104710,104712],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,104707,82],{"class":58},[44,104709,63],{"class":62},[44,104711,97942],{"class":97},[44,104713,76],{"class":62},[44,104715,104716,104718,104720,104722,104724,104726],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,104717,82],{"class":58},[44,104719,63],{"class":62},[44,104721,427],{"class":426},[44,104723,63],{"class":62},[44,104725,97942],{"class":97},[44,104727,434],{"class":62},[20,104729,1031],{},[35,104731,104732],{"className":37,"code":98921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,104733,104734,104740],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104735,104736,104738],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104737,6116],{"class":426},[44,104739,345],{"class":62},[44,104741,104742,104744,104746,104748,104750,104752],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,104743,463],{"class":54},[44,104745,467],{"class":466},[44,104747,470],{"class":66},[44,104749,6116],{"class":70},[44,104751,476],{"class":66},[44,104753,479],{"class":54},[20,104755,104756],{},"This is important because:",[126,104758,104759,104764],{},[129,104760,104761,104763],{},[15,104762,3618],{}," creates an empty set",[129,104765,104766,104768,104769,104771],{},[15,104767,3613],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[3563,104770,4457],{}," a set",[20,104773,145],{},[35,104775,104777],{"className":37,"code":104776,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,104778,104779,104789,104797,104801,104815],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104780,104781,104783,104785,104787],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104782,1070],{"class":50},[44,104784,55],{"class":54},[44,104786,15461],{"class":426},[44,104788,345],{"class":62},[44,104790,104791,104793,104795],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,104792,1089],{"class":50},[44,104794,55],{"class":54},[44,104796,9660],{"class":62},[44,104798,104799],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,104800,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,104802,104803,104805,104807,104809,104811,104813],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,104804,82],{"class":58},[44,104806,63],{"class":62},[44,104808,427],{"class":426},[44,104810,63],{"class":62},[44,104812,491],{"class":97},[44,104814,434],{"class":62},[44,104816,104817,104819,104821,104823,104825,104827],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,104818,82],{"class":58},[44,104820,63],{"class":62},[44,104822,427],{"class":426},[44,104824,63],{"class":62},[44,104826,4587],{"class":97},[44,104828,434],{"class":62},[20,104830,1031],{},[35,104832,104834],{"className":37,"code":104833,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,104835,104836,104850],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104837,104838,104840,104842,104844,104846,104848],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104839,463],{"class":54},[44,104841,467],{"class":466},[44,104843,470],{"class":66},[44,104845,6116],{"class":70},[44,104847,476],{"class":66},[44,104849,479],{"class":54},[44,104851,104852,104854,104856,104858,104860,104862],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,104853,463],{"class":54},[44,104855,467],{"class":466},[44,104857,470],{"class":66},[44,104859,8646],{"class":70},[44,104861,476],{"class":66},[44,104863,479],{"class":54},[20,104865,13875],{},[20,104867,104868,104869,504],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[491,104870,104125],{"href":95964},[30,104872,104874],{"id":104873},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[600,104876,104878],{"id":104877},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,104880,104881,104882,504],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,104883,3618],{},[35,104885,104887],{"className":37,"code":104886,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104888,104889,104921,104935,104939],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104890,104891,104893,104895,104897,104899,104901,104903,104905,104907,104909,104911,104913,104915,104917,104919],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104892,3435],{"class":50},[44,104894,55],{"class":54},[44,104896,3440],{"class":62},[44,104898,2807],{"class":452},[44,104900,186],{"class":62},[44,104902,2812],{"class":452},[44,104904,186],{"class":62},[44,104906,2812],{"class":452},[44,104908,186],{"class":62},[44,104910,2282],{"class":452},[44,104912,186],{"class":62},[44,104914,2282],{"class":452},[44,104916,186],{"class":62},[44,104918,2282],{"class":452},[44,104920,3453],{"class":62},[44,104922,104923,104925,104927,104929,104931,104933],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,104924,2059],{"class":50},[44,104926,55],{"class":54},[44,104928,15461],{"class":426},[44,104930,63],{"class":62},[44,104932,3467],{"class":97},[44,104934,76],{"class":62},[44,104936,104937],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,104938,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,104940,104941,104943,104945,104947],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,104942,82],{"class":58},[44,104944,63],{"class":62},[44,104946,2094],{"class":97},[44,104948,76],{"class":62},[20,104950,1031],{},[35,104952,104953],{"className":37,"code":96240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,104954,104955],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104956,104957,104959,104961,104963,104965,104967,104969],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104958,9100],{"class":62},[44,104960,2807],{"class":452},[44,104962,186],{"class":62},[44,104964,2812],{"class":452},[44,104966,186],{"class":62},[44,104968,2282],{"class":452},[44,104970,9130],{"class":62},[20,104972,104973,104974,504],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[491,104975,98711],{"href":104976},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[600,104978,104980],{"id":104979},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[35,104982,104984],{"className":37,"code":104983,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104985,104986,105010,105024,105028],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104987,104988,104990,104992,104994,104996,104998,105000,105002,105004,105006,105008],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104989,3644],{"class":50},[44,104991,55],{"class":54},[44,104993,9058],{"class":62},[44,104995,1129],{"class":452},[44,104997,186],{"class":62},[44,104999,4431],{"class":452},[44,105001,186],{"class":62},[44,105003,5834],{"class":452},[44,105005,186],{"class":62},[44,105007,37762],{"class":452},[44,105009,76],{"class":62},[44,105011,105012,105014,105016,105018,105020,105022],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,105013,2059],{"class":50},[44,105015,55],{"class":54},[44,105017,15461],{"class":426},[44,105019,63],{"class":62},[44,105021,5187],{"class":97},[44,105023,76],{"class":62},[44,105025,105026],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,105027,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,105029,105030,105032,105034,105036],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,105031,82],{"class":58},[44,105033,63],{"class":62},[44,105035,2094],{"class":97},[44,105037,76],{"class":62},[20,105039,1031],{},[35,105041,105043],{"className":37,"code":105042,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105044,105045],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105046,105047,105049,105051,105053,105055,105057,105059],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105048,9100],{"class":62},[44,105050,1129],{"class":452},[44,105052,186],{"class":62},[44,105054,5834],{"class":452},[44,105056,186],{"class":62},[44,105058,37762],{"class":452},[44,105060,9130],{"class":62},[600,105062,105064],{"id":105063},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105066,50753,105067,105069],{},[15,105068,3618],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[35,105071,105073],{"className":37,"code":105072,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105074,105075,105087,105101,105105],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105076,105077,105079,105081,105083,105085],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105078,34514],{"class":50},[44,105080,55],{"class":54},[44,105082,1438],{"class":66},[44,105084,3912],{"class":70},[44,105086,3176],{"class":66},[44,105088,105089,105091,105093,105095,105097,105099],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,105090,2059],{"class":50},[44,105092,55],{"class":54},[44,105094,15461],{"class":426},[44,105096,63],{"class":62},[44,105098,34535],{"class":97},[44,105100,76],{"class":62},[44,105102,105103],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,105104,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,105106,105107,105109,105111,105113],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,105108,82],{"class":58},[44,105110,63],{"class":62},[44,105112,2094],{"class":97},[44,105114,76],{"class":62},[20,105116,194],{},[35,105118,105120],{"className":37,"code":105119,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105121,105122],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105123,105124,105126,105128,105130,105132,105134,105136,105138,105140,105142,105144,105146,105148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105125,9100],{"class":62},[44,105127,476],{"class":66},[44,105129,4587],{"class":70},[44,105131,476],{"class":66},[44,105133,186],{"class":62},[44,105135,470],{"class":66},[44,105137,491],{"class":70},[44,105139,476],{"class":66},[44,105141,186],{"class":62},[44,105143,470],{"class":66},[44,105145,75660],{"class":70},[44,105147,476],{"class":66},[44,105149,9130],{"class":62},[20,105151,105152],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[600,105154,105156],{"id":105155},"from-range","From range()",[35,105158,105160],{"className":37,"code":105159,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105161,105162,105180],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105163,105164,105166,105168,105170,105172,105174,105176,105178],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105165,2059],{"class":50},[44,105167,55],{"class":54},[44,105169,15461],{"class":426},[44,105171,63],{"class":62},[44,105173,59627],{"class":58},[44,105175,63],{"class":62},[44,105177,1129],{"class":452},[44,105179,434],{"class":62},[44,105181,105182,105184,105186,105188],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,105183,82],{"class":58},[44,105185,63],{"class":62},[44,105187,2094],{"class":97},[44,105189,76],{"class":62},[20,105191,1031],{},[35,105193,105195],{"className":37,"code":105194,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105196,105197],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105198,105199,105201,105203,105205,105207,105209,105211,105213,105215,105217,105219],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105200,9100],{"class":62},[44,105202,1951],{"class":452},[44,105204,186],{"class":62},[44,105206,711],{"class":452},[44,105208,186],{"class":62},[44,105210,2812],{"class":452},[44,105212,186],{"class":62},[44,105214,2282],{"class":452},[44,105216,186],{"class":62},[44,105218,2287],{"class":452},[44,105220,9130],{"class":62},[30,105222,105224],{"id":105223},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105226,99158,105227,504],{},[3563,105228,96004],{},[20,105230,105231],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105233,99164],{},[126,105235,105236,105240,105244,105248],{},[129,105237,105238],{},[15,105239,588],{},[129,105241,105242],{},[15,105243,473],{},[129,105245,105246],{},[15,105247,2021],{},[129,105249,105250,105252],{},[15,105251,48578],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105254,145],{},[35,105256,105258],{"className":37,"code":105257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105259,105260,105291],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105261,105262,105264,105266,105268,105270,105272,105274,105276,105278,105280,105282,105284,105286,105288],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105263,7609],{"class":50},[44,105265,55],{"class":54},[44,105267,10313],{"class":62},[44,105269,2807],{"class":452},[44,105271,186],{"class":62},[44,105273,1438],{"class":66},[44,105275,3667],{"class":70},[44,105277,67],{"class":66},[44,105279,186],{"class":62},[44,105281,9058],{"class":62},[44,105283,2161],{"class":452},[44,105285,186],{"class":62},[44,105287,7620],{"class":452},[44,105289,105290],{"class":62},")}\n",[44,105292,105293,105295,105297,105299],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,105294,82],{"class":58},[44,105296,63],{"class":62},[44,105298,7640],{"class":97},[44,105300,76],{"class":62},[20,105302,99226,105303,105305],{},[3563,105304,4457],{}," work inside a set:",[126,105307,105308,105312,105316],{},[129,105309,105310],{},[15,105311,7921],{},[129,105313,105314],{},[15,105315,8646],{},[129,105317,105318],{},[15,105319,6116],{},[20,105321,96729],{},[35,105323,105325],{"className":37,"code":105324,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105326,105327],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105328,105329,105331,105333,105335,105337,105339,105341,105343,105345,105347,105349,105351],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105330,99245],{"class":50},[44,105332,55],{"class":54},[44,105334,99250],{"class":62},[44,105336,2807],{"class":452},[44,105338,186],{"class":62},[44,105340,2812],{"class":452},[44,105342,17892],{"class":62},[44,105344,3440],{"class":62},[44,105346,1894],{"class":452},[44,105348,186],{"class":62},[44,105350,2287],{"class":452},[44,105352,13532],{"class":62},[20,105354,76488,105355,105357],{},[15,105356,2825],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105359,105360],{},"A safer example:",[35,105362,105364],{"className":37,"code":105363,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105365,105366,105394],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105367,105368,105371,105373,105376,105378,105380,105382,105384,105386,105388,105390,105392],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105369,105370],{"class":50},"good_set ",[44,105372,55],{"class":54},[44,105374,105375],{"class":62}," {(",[44,105377,2807],{"class":452},[44,105379,186],{"class":62},[44,105381,2812],{"class":452},[44,105383,9055],{"class":62},[44,105385,9058],{"class":62},[44,105387,1894],{"class":452},[44,105389,186],{"class":62},[44,105391,2287],{"class":452},[44,105393,105290],{"class":62},[44,105395,105396,105398,105400,105403],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,105397,82],{"class":58},[44,105399,63],{"class":62},[44,105401,105402],{"class":97},"good_set",[44,105404,76],{"class":62},[20,105406,1031],{},[35,105408,105410],{"className":37,"code":105409,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105411,105412],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105413,105414,105417,105419,105421,105423,105425,105427,105429,105431,105433],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105415,105416],{"class":62},"{(",[44,105418,2807],{"class":452},[44,105420,186],{"class":62},[44,105422,2812],{"class":452},[44,105424,9055],{"class":62},[44,105426,9058],{"class":62},[44,105428,1894],{"class":452},[44,105430,186],{"class":62},[44,105432,2287],{"class":452},[44,105434,105290],{"class":62},[30,105436,105438],{"id":105437},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105440,103,105441,10424],{},[15,105442,3618],{},[126,105444,105445,105448,105453,105456],{},[129,105446,105447],{},"you need unique values only",[129,105449,105450,105451],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105452,3705],{},[129,105454,105455],{},"order does not matter",[129,105457,105458],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105460,105461],{},"Example of membership checking:",[35,105463,105465],{"className":37,"code":105464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105466,105467,105492,105496,105512],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105468,105469,105472,105474,105476,105478,105480,105482,105485,105487,105490],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105470,105471],{"class":50},"allowed_ids ",[44,105473,55],{"class":54},[44,105475,15461],{"class":426},[44,105477,2804],{"class":62},[44,105479,46216],{"class":452},[44,105481,186],{"class":62},[44,105483,105484],{"class":452}," 102",[44,105486,186],{"class":62},[44,105488,105489],{"class":452}," 103",[44,105491,3711],{"class":62},[44,105493,105494],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,105495,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,105497,105498,105500,105502,105505,105507,105510],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,105499,82],{"class":58},[44,105501,63],{"class":62},[44,105503,105504],{"class":452},"102",[44,105506,21002],{"class":1384},[44,105508,105509],{"class":97}," allowed_ids",[44,105511,76],{"class":62},[44,105513,105514,105516,105518,105521,105523,105525],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,105515,82],{"class":58},[44,105517,63],{"class":62},[44,105519,105520],{"class":452},"999",[44,105522,21002],{"class":1384},[44,105524,105509],{"class":97},[44,105526,76],{"class":62},[20,105528,1031],{},[35,105530,105531],{"className":37,"code":43988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105532,105533,105537],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105534,105535],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105536,3803],{"class":3674},[44,105538,105539],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,105540,3864],{"class":3674},[20,105542,105543],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[30,105545,105547],{"id":105546},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105549,105550],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[600,105552,103,105554,97855],{"id":105553},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105555,3618],{},[35,105557,105558],{"className":37,"code":97916,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105559,105560,105570],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105561,105562,105564,105566,105568],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105563,97923],{"class":50},[44,105565,55],{"class":54},[44,105567,15461],{"class":426},[44,105569,345],{"class":62},[44,105571,105572,105574,105576,105578,105580,105582],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,105573,82],{"class":58},[44,105575,63],{"class":62},[44,105577,427],{"class":426},[44,105579,63],{"class":62},[44,105581,97942],{"class":97},[44,105583,434],{"class":62},[20,105585,1031],{},[35,105587,105588],{"className":37,"code":8677,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105589,105590],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105591,105592,105594,105596,105598,105600,105602],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105593,463],{"class":54},[44,105595,467],{"class":466},[44,105597,470],{"class":66},[44,105599,6116],{"class":70},[44,105601,476],{"class":66},[44,105603,479],{"class":54},[600,105605,103,105607,105609],{"id":105606},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105608,99915],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[35,105611,105613],{"className":37,"code":105612,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105614,105615,105635],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105616,105617,105619,105621,105623,105625,105627,105629,105631,105633],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105618,3435],{"class":50},[44,105620,55],{"class":54},[44,105622,10313],{"class":62},[44,105624,2807],{"class":452},[44,105626,186],{"class":62},[44,105628,2812],{"class":452},[44,105630,186],{"class":62},[44,105632,2282],{"class":452},[44,105634,9130],{"class":62},[44,105636,105637,105639,105641,105643,105645,105647],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,105638,82],{"class":58},[44,105640,63],{"class":62},[44,105642,427],{"class":426},[44,105644,63],{"class":62},[44,105646,3467],{"class":97},[44,105648,434],{"class":62},[20,105650,1031],{},[35,105652,105653],{"className":37,"code":8677,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105654,105655],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105656,105657,105659,105661,105663,105665,105667],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105658,463],{"class":54},[44,105660,467],{"class":466},[44,105662,470],{"class":66},[44,105664,6116],{"class":70},[44,105666,476],{"class":66},[44,105668,479],{"class":54},[600,105670,103,105672,105674],{"id":105671},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105673,3613],{}," for an empty dictionary",[35,105676,105678],{"className":37,"code":105677,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105679,105680,105689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105681,105682,105685,105687],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105683,105684],{"class":50},"empty_dict ",[44,105686,55],{"class":54},[44,105688,9660],{"class":62},[44,105690,105691,105693,105695,105697,105699,105702],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,105692,82],{"class":58},[44,105694,63],{"class":62},[44,105696,427],{"class":426},[44,105698,63],{"class":62},[44,105700,105701],{"class":97},"empty_dict",[44,105703,434],{"class":62},[20,105705,1031],{},[35,105707,105708],{"className":37,"code":8633,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105709,105710],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105711,105712,105714,105716,105718,105720,105722],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105713,463],{"class":54},[44,105715,467],{"class":466},[44,105717,470],{"class":66},[44,105719,8646],{"class":70},[44,105721,476],{"class":66},[44,105723,479],{"class":54},[20,105725,105726],{},"So the rule is simple:",[126,105728,105729,105734,105739],{},[129,105730,105731,105733],{},[15,105732,3618],{}," → empty set",[129,105735,105736,105738],{},[15,105737,99915],{}," → non-empty set",[129,105740,105741,105743],{},[15,105742,3613],{}," → empty dictionary",[30,105745,1486],{"id":1485},[20,105747,105748,105749,504],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,105750,3618],{},[600,105752,8243,105753,99513],{"id":99510},[15,105754,3613],{},[20,105756,105757],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[35,105759,105760],{"className":37,"code":99519,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105761,105762,105770],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105763,105764,105766,105768],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105765,338],{"class":50},[44,105767,55],{"class":54},[44,105769,9660],{"class":62},[44,105771,105772,105774,105776,105778,105780,105782],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,105773,82],{"class":58},[44,105775,63],{"class":62},[44,105777,427],{"class":426},[44,105779,63],{"class":62},[44,105781,354],{"class":97},[44,105783,434],{"class":62},[600,105785,105787,105788],{"id":105786},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,105789,105790],{},"set(5)",[20,105792,105793,105795],{},[15,105794,3618],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[35,105797,105799],{"className":37,"code":105798,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set(5)\n",[15,105800,105801],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105802,105803,105805,105807,105809],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105804,6116],{"class":426},[44,105806,63],{"class":62},[44,105808,1129],{"class":452},[44,105810,76],{"class":62},[20,105812,2822,105813,105815,105816,504],{},[15,105814,2825],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[491,105817,105819],{"href":105818},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[600,105821,105823],{"id":105822},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,105825,105826],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[35,105828,105830],{"className":37,"code":105829,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105831,105832],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105833,105834,105836,105838,105840,105842,105844,105846,105848,105850,105852,105854,105856],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105835,338],{"class":50},[44,105837,55],{"class":54},[44,105839,99250],{"class":62},[44,105841,2807],{"class":452},[44,105843,186],{"class":62},[44,105845,2812],{"class":452},[44,105847,17892],{"class":62},[44,105849,3440],{"class":62},[44,105851,1894],{"class":452},[44,105853,186],{"class":62},[44,105855,2287],{"class":452},[44,105857,13532],{"class":62},[600,105859,8279,105861,105863],{"id":105860},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,105862,3618],{}," to keep the original order",[20,105865,105866],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[600,105868,37030,105870,8529,105872,497,105874],{"id":105869},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,105871,3618],{},[15,105873,24610],{},[15,105875,8942],{},[20,105877,105878],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[30,105880,60339],{"id":60338},[20,105882,10937],{},[35,105884,105886],{"className":37,"code":105885,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,105887,105888,105903,105913,105927],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105889,105890,105892,105894,105896,105898,105901],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105891,82],{"class":58},[44,105893,63],{"class":62},[44,105895,427],{"class":426},[44,105897,63],{"class":62},[44,105899,105900],{"class":97},"my_value",[44,105902,434],{"class":62},[44,105904,105905,105907,105909,105911],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,105906,82],{"class":58},[44,105908,63],{"class":62},[44,105910,105900],{"class":97},[44,105912,76],{"class":62},[44,105914,105915,105917,105919,105921,105923,105925],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,105916,82],{"class":58},[44,105918,63],{"class":62},[44,105920,7921],{"class":426},[44,105922,63],{"class":62},[44,105924,15494],{"class":97},[44,105926,434],{"class":62},[44,105928,105929,105931,105933,105935,105937,105939],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,105930,82],{"class":58},[44,105932,63],{"class":62},[44,105934,10986],{"class":58},[44,105936,63],{"class":62},[44,105938,15494],{"class":97},[44,105940,434],{"class":62},[20,105942,105943],{},"What they help you see:",[126,105945,105946,105952,105957,105963],{},[129,105947,105948,105951],{},[15,105949,105950],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[129,105953,105954,90179],{},[15,105955,105956],{},"print(my_value)",[129,105958,105959,105962],{},[15,105960,105961],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[129,105964,105965,105968],{},[15,105966,105967],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[30,105970,1651],{"id":1650},[600,105972,105974],{"id":105973},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,105976,105977],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[600,105979,105981],{"id":105980},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,105983,103,105984,105986,105987,105989],{},[15,105985,3618],{},". Do not use ",[15,105988,3613],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[600,105991,105993],{"id":105992},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,105995,105996],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[600,105998,106000],{"id":105999},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106002,106003],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106005,145],{},[35,106007,106009],{"className":37,"code":106008,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106010,106011],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106012,106013,106015,106017,106019,106021,106023,106025,106027],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106014,82],{"class":58},[44,106016,63],{"class":62},[44,106018,6116],{"class":426},[44,106020,63],{"class":62},[44,106022,67],{"class":66},[44,106024,3903],{"class":70},[44,106026,67],{"class":66},[44,106028,434],{"class":62},[20,106030,194],{},[35,106032,106034],{"className":37,"code":106033,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106035,106036],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106037,106038,106040,106042,106044,106046,106048,106050,106052,106054,106056,106058,106060,106062,106064,106066,106068,106070],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106039,9100],{"class":62},[44,106041,476],{"class":66},[44,106043,491],{"class":70},[44,106045,476],{"class":66},[44,106047,186],{"class":62},[44,106049,470],{"class":66},[44,106051,20],{"class":70},[44,106053,476],{"class":66},[44,106055,186],{"class":62},[44,106057,470],{"class":66},[44,106059,60085],{"class":70},[44,106061,476],{"class":66},[44,106063,186],{"class":62},[44,106065,470],{"class":66},[44,106067,60076],{"class":70},[44,106069,476],{"class":66},[44,106071,9130],{"class":62},[600,106073,1683,106075,106078],{"id":106074},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106076,106077],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106080,106081,28516,106083,106086],{},[15,106082,3618],{},[3563,106084,106085],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106088,106089],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[35,106091,106093],{"className":37,"code":106092,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106094,106095],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106096,106097,106099,106101,106103,106105,106107,106109,106111,106113,106115,106117,106119],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106098,82],{"class":58},[44,106100,63],{"class":62},[44,106102,6116],{"class":426},[44,106104,2804],{"class":62},[44,106106,2807],{"class":452},[44,106108,186],{"class":62},[44,106110,2812],{"class":452},[44,106112,186],{"class":62},[44,106114,2282],{"class":452},[44,106116,186],{"class":62},[44,106118,2287],{"class":452},[44,106120,2819],{"class":62},[30,106122,1719],{"id":1718},[126,106124,106125,106129,106133,106137,106141],{},[129,106126,106127],{},[491,106128,95961],{"href":95960},[129,106130,106131],{},[491,106132,104125],{"href":95964},[129,106134,106135],{},[491,106136,99977],{"href":104976},[129,106138,106139],{},[491,106140,104683],{"href":64477},[129,106142,106143],{},[491,106144,105819],{"href":105818},[1758,106146,106147],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":106149},[106150,106151,106152,106153,106154,106160,106161,106162,106170,106180,106181,106189],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":104301,"depth":79,"text":104302},{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":104686,"depth":79,"text":104687},{"id":104873,"depth":79,"text":104874,"children":106155},[106156,106157,106158,106159],{"id":104877,"depth":419,"text":104878},{"id":104979,"depth":419,"text":104980},{"id":105063,"depth":419,"text":105064},{"id":105155,"depth":419,"text":105156},{"id":105223,"depth":79,"text":105224},{"id":105437,"depth":79,"text":105438},{"id":105546,"depth":79,"text":105547,"children":106163},[106164,106166,106168],{"id":105553,"depth":419,"text":106165},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105606,"depth":419,"text":106167},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105671,"depth":419,"text":106169},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486,"children":106171},[106172,106173,106175,106176,106178],{"id":99510,"depth":419,"text":100018},{"id":105786,"depth":419,"text":106174},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":105822,"depth":419,"text":105823},{"id":105860,"depth":419,"text":106177},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":105869,"depth":419,"text":106179},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60338,"depth":79,"text":60339},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":106182},[106183,106184,106185,106186,106187],{"id":105973,"depth":419,"text":105974},{"id":105980,"depth":419,"text":105981},{"id":105992,"depth":419,"text":105993},{"id":105999,"depth":419,"text":106000},{"id":106074,"depth":419,"text":106188},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104183,"description":106190},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106197,"title":106198,"body":106199,"description":107714,"extension":1796,"meta":107715,"navigation":807,"path":107716,"seo":107717,"stem":107718,"__hash__":107719},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106200,"toc":107690},[106201,106207,106212,106215,106298,106303,106308,106313,106315,106328,106332,106334,106353,106356,106379,106382,106393,106395,106476,106478,106495,106497,106503,106506,106601,106603,106634,106636,106644,106646,106649,106760,106762,106787,106789,106811,106816,106821,106827,106936,106938,106954,106957,106960,107043,107045,107062,107070,107072,107076,107082,107173,107175,107208,107213,107220,107297,107299,107316,107322,107324,107328,107344,107347,107373,107375,107436,107438,107561,107563,107614,107620,107622,107627,107629,107635,107638,107642,107645,107649,107652,107662,107664,107687],[10,106202,13,106204,11147],{"id":106203},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106205,106206],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106208,22,106209,106211],{},[15,106210,106206],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106213,106214],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[35,106216,106218],{"className":37,"code":106217,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106219,106220,106240,106260,106264,106283,106293],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106221,106222,106224,106226,106228,106230,106232,106234,106236,106238],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106223,1070],{"class":50},[44,106225,55],{"class":54},[44,106227,10313],{"class":62},[44,106229,2807],{"class":452},[44,106231,186],{"class":62},[44,106233,2812],{"class":452},[44,106235,186],{"class":62},[44,106237,2282],{"class":452},[44,106239,9130],{"class":62},[44,106241,106242,106244,106246,106248,106250,106252,106254,106256,106258],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,106243,1089],{"class":50},[44,106245,55],{"class":54},[44,106247,10313],{"class":62},[44,106249,1889],{"class":452},[44,106251,186],{"class":62},[44,106253,2282],{"class":452},[44,106255,186],{"class":62},[44,106257,2287],{"class":452},[44,106259,9130],{"class":62},[44,106261,106262],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,106263,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,106265,106266,106268,106270,106272,106274,106277,106279,106281],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,106267,2059],{"class":50},[44,106269,55],{"class":54},[44,106271,56515],{"class":50},[44,106273,504],{"class":62},[44,106275,106276],{"class":97},"intersection",[44,106278,63],{"class":62},[44,106280,4587],{"class":97},[44,106282,76],{"class":62},[44,106284,106285,106287,106289,106291],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,106286,82],{"class":58},[44,106288,63],{"class":62},[44,106290,2094],{"class":97},[44,106292,76],{"class":62},[44,106294,106295],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,106296,106297],{"class":3483},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106299,103,106300,106302],{},[15,106301,102424],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[30,106304,12821,106306,12824],{"id":106305},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106307,102424],{},[20,106309,106310,106312],{},[15,106311,102424],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106314,12877],{},[126,106316,106317,106320,106322,106325],{},[129,106318,106319],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[129,106321,100194],{},[129,106323,106324],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[129,106326,106327],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106329,95957,106330,504],{},[491,106331,95961],{"href":95960},[30,106333,250],{"id":249},[35,106335,106337],{"className":37,"code":106336,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106338,106339],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106340,106341,106343,106345,106347,106349,106351],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106342,100218],{"class":50},[44,106344,504],{"class":62},[44,106346,106276],{"class":97},[44,106348,63],{"class":62},[44,106350,100227],{"class":97},[44,106352,76],{"class":62},[20,106354,106355],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[35,106357,106359],{"className":37,"code":106358,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106360,106361],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106362,106363,106365,106367,106369,106371,106373,106375,106377],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106364,100218],{"class":50},[44,106366,504],{"class":62},[44,106368,106276],{"class":97},[44,106370,63],{"class":62},[44,106372,100227],{"class":97},[44,106374,186],{"class":62},[44,106376,100254],{"class":97},[44,106378,76],{"class":62},[20,106380,106381],{},"Important notes:",[126,106383,106384,106387,106390],{},[129,106385,106386],{},"The result is always a new set",[129,106388,106389],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[129,106391,106392],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106394,145],{},[35,106396,106398],{"className":37,"code":106397,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106399,106400,106424,106444,106448,106466],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106401,106402,106404,106406,106408,106410,106412,106414,106416,106418,106420,106422],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106403,1070],{"class":50},[44,106405,55],{"class":54},[44,106407,10313],{"class":62},[44,106409,2807],{"class":452},[44,106411,186],{"class":62},[44,106413,2812],{"class":452},[44,106415,186],{"class":62},[44,106417,2282],{"class":452},[44,106419,186],{"class":62},[44,106421,2287],{"class":452},[44,106423,9130],{"class":62},[44,106425,106426,106428,106430,106432,106434,106436,106438,106440,106442],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,106427,1089],{"class":50},[44,106429,55],{"class":54},[44,106431,10313],{"class":62},[44,106433,1894],{"class":452},[44,106435,186],{"class":62},[44,106437,2287],{"class":452},[44,106439,186],{"class":62},[44,106441,4431],{"class":452},[44,106443,9130],{"class":62},[44,106445,106446],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,106447,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,106449,106450,106452,106454,106456,106458,106460,106462,106464],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,106451,2059],{"class":50},[44,106453,55],{"class":54},[44,106455,56515],{"class":50},[44,106457,504],{"class":62},[44,106459,106276],{"class":97},[44,106461,63],{"class":62},[44,106463,4587],{"class":97},[44,106465,76],{"class":62},[44,106467,106468,106470,106472,106474],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,106469,82],{"class":58},[44,106471,63],{"class":62},[44,106473,2094],{"class":97},[44,106475,76],{"class":62},[20,106477,1031],{},[35,106479,106481],{"className":37,"code":106480,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106482,106483],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106484,106485,106487,106489,106491,106493],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106486,9100],{"class":62},[44,106488,1894],{"class":452},[44,106490,186],{"class":62},[44,106492,2287],{"class":452},[44,106494,9130],{"class":62},[30,106496,17248],{"id":17247},[20,106498,106499,21803,106501,504],{},[15,106500,102424],{},[3563,106502,6116],{},[20,106504,106505],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[35,106507,106509],{"className":37,"code":106508,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106510,106511,106531,106551,106555,106573,106577,106587],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106512,106513,106515,106517,106519,106521,106523,106525,106527,106529],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106514,1070],{"class":50},[44,106516,55],{"class":54},[44,106518,10313],{"class":62},[44,106520,2807],{"class":452},[44,106522,186],{"class":62},[44,106524,2812],{"class":452},[44,106526,186],{"class":62},[44,106528,2282],{"class":452},[44,106530,9130],{"class":62},[44,106532,106533,106535,106537,106539,106541,106543,106545,106547,106549],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,106534,1089],{"class":50},[44,106536,55],{"class":54},[44,106538,10313],{"class":62},[44,106540,1889],{"class":452},[44,106542,186],{"class":62},[44,106544,2282],{"class":452},[44,106546,186],{"class":62},[44,106548,2287],{"class":452},[44,106550,9130],{"class":62},[44,106552,106553],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,106554,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,106556,106557,106559,106561,106563,106565,106567,106569,106571],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,106558,2059],{"class":50},[44,106560,55],{"class":54},[44,106562,56515],{"class":50},[44,106564,504],{"class":62},[44,106566,106276],{"class":97},[44,106568,63],{"class":62},[44,106570,4587],{"class":97},[44,106572,76],{"class":62},[44,106574,106575],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,106576,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,106578,106579,106581,106583,106585],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,106580,82],{"class":58},[44,106582,63],{"class":62},[44,106584,2094],{"class":97},[44,106586,76],{"class":62},[44,106588,106589,106591,106593,106595,106597,106599],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,106590,82],{"class":58},[44,106592,63],{"class":62},[44,106594,427],{"class":426},[44,106596,63],{"class":62},[44,106598,2094],{"class":97},[44,106600,434],{"class":62},[20,106602,1031],{},[35,106604,106606],{"className":37,"code":106605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106607,106608,106620],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106609,106610,106612,106614,106616,106618],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106611,9100],{"class":62},[44,106613,1889],{"class":452},[44,106615,186],{"class":62},[44,106617,2282],{"class":452},[44,106619,9130],{"class":62},[44,106621,106622,106624,106626,106628,106630,106632],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,106623,463],{"class":54},[44,106625,467],{"class":466},[44,106627,470],{"class":66},[44,106629,6116],{"class":70},[44,106631,476],{"class":66},[44,106633,479],{"class":54},[20,106635,85442],{},[126,106637,106638,106641],{},[129,106639,106640],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[129,106642,106643],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[30,106645,11300],{"id":11299},[20,106647,106648],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[35,106650,106652],{"className":37,"code":106651,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106653,106654,106687,106720,106724,106745,106749],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106655,106656,106659,106661,106663,106665,106667,106669,106671,106673,106675,106677,106679,106681,106683,106685],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106657,106658],{"class":50},"colors1 ",[44,106660,55],{"class":54},[44,106662,10313],{"class":62},[44,106664,67],{"class":66},[44,106666,12918],{"class":70},[44,106668,67],{"class":66},[44,106670,186],{"class":62},[44,106672,1438],{"class":66},[44,106674,12935],{"class":70},[44,106676,67],{"class":66},[44,106678,186],{"class":62},[44,106680,1438],{"class":66},[44,106682,17285],{"class":70},[44,106684,67],{"class":66},[44,106686,9130],{"class":62},[44,106688,106689,106692,106694,106696,106698,106700,106702,106704,106706,106708,106710,106712,106714,106716,106718],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,106690,106691],{"class":50},"colors2 ",[44,106693,55],{"class":54},[44,106695,10313],{"class":62},[44,106697,67],{"class":66},[44,106699,17285],{"class":70},[44,106701,67],{"class":66},[44,106703,186],{"class":62},[44,106705,1438],{"class":66},[44,106707,22352],{"class":70},[44,106709,67],{"class":66},[44,106711,186],{"class":62},[44,106713,1438],{"class":66},[44,106715,12935],{"class":70},[44,106717,67],{"class":66},[44,106719,9130],{"class":62},[44,106721,106722],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,106723,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,106725,106726,106729,106731,106734,106736,106738,106740,106743],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,106727,106728],{"class":50},"common_colors ",[44,106730,55],{"class":54},[44,106732,106733],{"class":50}," colors1",[44,106735,504],{"class":62},[44,106737,106276],{"class":97},[44,106739,63],{"class":62},[44,106741,106742],{"class":97},"colors2",[44,106744,76],{"class":62},[44,106746,106747],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,106748,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,106750,106751,106753,106755,106758],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,106752,82],{"class":58},[44,106754,63],{"class":62},[44,106756,106757],{"class":97},"common_colors",[44,106759,76],{"class":62},[20,106761,1031],{},[35,106763,106765],{"className":37,"code":106764,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,106766,106767],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106768,106769,106771,106773,106775,106777,106779,106781,106783,106785],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106770,9100],{"class":62},[44,106772,476],{"class":66},[44,106774,12935],{"class":70},[44,106776,476],{"class":66},[44,106778,186],{"class":62},[44,106780,470],{"class":66},[44,106782,17285],{"class":70},[44,106784,476],{"class":66},[44,106786,9130],{"class":62},[20,106788,11509],{},[126,106790,106791,106797,106801,106806],{},[129,106792,106793,106796],{},[15,106794,106795],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[129,106798,106799,106796],{},[15,106800,106742],{},[129,106802,106803,106805],{},[15,106804,102424],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[129,106807,106808,106809],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,106810,106757],{},[30,106812,8243,106814,100791],{"id":106813},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,106815,102424],{},[20,106817,106818,106819,504],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,106820,102424],{},[20,106822,106823,106824,106826],{},"Only the values found in ",[3563,106825,3535],{}," inputs will be kept.",[35,106828,106830],{"className":37,"code":106829,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106831,106832,106856,106880,106900,106904,106926],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106833,106834,106836,106838,106840,106842,106844,106846,106848,106850,106852,106854],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106835,1070],{"class":50},[44,106837,55],{"class":54},[44,106839,10313],{"class":62},[44,106841,2807],{"class":452},[44,106843,186],{"class":62},[44,106845,2812],{"class":452},[44,106847,186],{"class":62},[44,106849,2282],{"class":452},[44,106851,186],{"class":62},[44,106853,2287],{"class":452},[44,106855,9130],{"class":62},[44,106857,106858,106860,106862,106864,106866,106868,106870,106872,106874,106876,106878],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,106859,1089],{"class":50},[44,106861,55],{"class":54},[44,106863,10313],{"class":62},[44,106865,1889],{"class":452},[44,106867,186],{"class":62},[44,106869,2282],{"class":452},[44,106871,186],{"class":62},[44,106873,2287],{"class":452},[44,106875,186],{"class":62},[44,106877,4431],{"class":452},[44,106879,9130],{"class":62},[44,106881,106882,106884,106886,106888,106890,106892,106894,106896,106898],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,106883,82816],{"class":50},[44,106885,55],{"class":54},[44,106887,10313],{"class":62},[44,106889,1894],{"class":452},[44,106891,186],{"class":62},[44,106893,2287],{"class":452},[44,106895,186],{"class":62},[44,106897,37469],{"class":452},[44,106899,9130],{"class":62},[44,106901,106902],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,106903,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,106905,106906,106908,106910,106912,106914,106916,106918,106920,106922,106924],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,106907,2059],{"class":50},[44,106909,55],{"class":54},[44,106911,56515],{"class":50},[44,106913,504],{"class":62},[44,106915,106276],{"class":97},[44,106917,63],{"class":62},[44,106919,4587],{"class":97},[44,106921,186],{"class":62},[44,106923,9503],{"class":97},[44,106925,76],{"class":62},[44,106927,106928,106930,106932,106934],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,106929,82],{"class":58},[44,106931,63],{"class":62},[44,106933,2094],{"class":97},[44,106935,76],{"class":62},[20,106937,1031],{},[35,106939,106940],{"className":37,"code":106480,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,106941,106942],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106943,106944,106946,106948,106950,106952],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106945,9100],{"class":62},[44,106947,1894],{"class":452},[44,106949,186],{"class":62},[44,106951,2287],{"class":452},[44,106953,9130],{"class":62},[20,106955,106956],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,106958,106959],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[35,106961,106963],{"className":37,"code":106962,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,106964,106965,106989,106993,107033],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106966,106967,106969,106971,106973,106975,106977,106979,106981,106983,106985,106987],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106968,1070],{"class":50},[44,106970,55],{"class":54},[44,106972,10313],{"class":62},[44,106974,2807],{"class":452},[44,106976,186],{"class":62},[44,106978,2812],{"class":452},[44,106980,186],{"class":62},[44,106982,2282],{"class":452},[44,106984,186],{"class":62},[44,106986,2287],{"class":452},[44,106988,9130],{"class":62},[44,106990,106991],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,106992,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,106994,106995,106997,106999,107001,107003,107005,107007,107009,107011,107013,107015,107017,107019,107021,107023,107025,107027,107029,107031],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,106996,2059],{"class":50},[44,106998,55],{"class":54},[44,107000,56515],{"class":50},[44,107002,504],{"class":62},[44,107004,106276],{"class":97},[44,107006,2804],{"class":62},[44,107008,1889],{"class":452},[44,107010,186],{"class":62},[44,107012,2287],{"class":452},[44,107014,186],{"class":62},[44,107016,37469],{"class":452},[44,107018,17892],{"class":62},[44,107020,9058],{"class":62},[44,107022,2807],{"class":452},[44,107024,186],{"class":62},[44,107026,2812],{"class":452},[44,107028,186],{"class":62},[44,107030,2287],{"class":452},[44,107032,434],{"class":62},[44,107034,107035,107037,107039,107041],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,107036,82],{"class":58},[44,107038,63],{"class":62},[44,107040,2094],{"class":97},[44,107042,76],{"class":62},[20,107044,1031],{},[35,107046,107048],{"className":37,"code":107047,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107049,107050],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107051,107052,107054,107056,107058,107060],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107053,9100],{"class":62},[44,107055,1889],{"class":452},[44,107057,186],{"class":62},[44,107059,2287],{"class":452},[44,107061,9130],{"class":62},[30,107063,107065,10408,107067],{"id":107064},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107066,102424],{},[15,107068,107069],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107071,100961],{},[600,107073,107074],{"id":106276},[15,107075,102424],{},[126,107077,107078,107080],{},[129,107079,100970],{},[129,107081,100973],{},[35,107083,107085],{"className":37,"code":107084,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107086,107087,107107,107127,107131,107149,107153,107163],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107088,107089,107091,107093,107095,107097,107099,107101,107103,107105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107090,1070],{"class":50},[44,107092,55],{"class":54},[44,107094,10313],{"class":62},[44,107096,2807],{"class":452},[44,107098,186],{"class":62},[44,107100,2812],{"class":452},[44,107102,186],{"class":62},[44,107104,2282],{"class":452},[44,107106,9130],{"class":62},[44,107108,107109,107111,107113,107115,107117,107119,107121,107123,107125],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,107110,1089],{"class":50},[44,107112,55],{"class":54},[44,107114,10313],{"class":62},[44,107116,1889],{"class":452},[44,107118,186],{"class":62},[44,107120,2282],{"class":452},[44,107122,186],{"class":62},[44,107124,2287],{"class":452},[44,107126,9130],{"class":62},[44,107128,107129],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,107130,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,107132,107133,107135,107137,107139,107141,107143,107145,107147],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,107134,2059],{"class":50},[44,107136,55],{"class":54},[44,107138,56515],{"class":50},[44,107140,504],{"class":62},[44,107142,106276],{"class":97},[44,107144,63],{"class":62},[44,107146,4587],{"class":97},[44,107148,76],{"class":62},[44,107150,107151],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,107152,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,107154,107155,107157,107159,107161],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,107156,82],{"class":58},[44,107158,63],{"class":62},[44,107160,491],{"class":97},[44,107162,76],{"class":62},[44,107164,107165,107167,107169,107171],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,107166,82],{"class":58},[44,107168,63],{"class":62},[44,107170,2094],{"class":97},[44,107172,76],{"class":62},[20,107174,1031],{},[35,107176,107178],{"className":37,"code":107177,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107179,107180,107196],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107181,107182,107184,107186,107188,107190,107192,107194],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107183,9100],{"class":62},[44,107185,2807],{"class":452},[44,107187,186],{"class":62},[44,107189,2812],{"class":452},[44,107191,186],{"class":62},[44,107193,2282],{"class":452},[44,107195,9130],{"class":62},[44,107197,107198,107200,107202,107204,107206],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,107199,9100],{"class":62},[44,107201,1889],{"class":452},[44,107203,186],{"class":62},[44,107205,2282],{"class":452},[44,107207,9130],{"class":62},[600,107209,107211],{"id":107210},"intersection_update",[15,107212,107069],{},[126,107214,107215,107217],{},[129,107216,101113],{},[129,107218,107219],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[35,107221,107223],{"className":37,"code":107222,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107224,107225,107245,107265,107269,107283,107287],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107226,107227,107229,107231,107233,107235,107237,107239,107241,107243],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107228,1070],{"class":50},[44,107230,55],{"class":54},[44,107232,10313],{"class":62},[44,107234,2807],{"class":452},[44,107236,186],{"class":62},[44,107238,2812],{"class":452},[44,107240,186],{"class":62},[44,107242,2282],{"class":452},[44,107244,9130],{"class":62},[44,107246,107247,107249,107251,107253,107255,107257,107259,107261,107263],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,107248,1089],{"class":50},[44,107250,55],{"class":54},[44,107252,10313],{"class":62},[44,107254,1889],{"class":452},[44,107256,186],{"class":62},[44,107258,2282],{"class":452},[44,107260,186],{"class":62},[44,107262,2287],{"class":452},[44,107264,9130],{"class":62},[44,107266,107267],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,107268,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,107270,107271,107273,107275,107277,107279,107281],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,107272,491],{"class":50},[44,107274,504],{"class":62},[44,107276,107210],{"class":97},[44,107278,63],{"class":62},[44,107280,4587],{"class":97},[44,107282,76],{"class":62},[44,107284,107285],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,107286,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,107288,107289,107291,107293,107295],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,107290,82],{"class":58},[44,107292,63],{"class":62},[44,107294,491],{"class":97},[44,107296,76],{"class":62},[20,107298,1031],{},[35,107300,107302],{"className":37,"code":107301,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107303,107304],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107305,107306,107308,107310,107312,107314],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107307,9100],{"class":62},[44,107309,1889],{"class":452},[44,107311,186],{"class":62},[44,107313,2282],{"class":452},[44,107315,9130],{"class":62},[20,107317,107318,107319,107321],{},"Choose ",[15,107320,102424],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[30,107323,4344],{"id":4343},[20,107325,14560,107326,449],{},[15,107327,102424],{},[126,107329,107330,107333,107336,107339],{},[129,107331,107332],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[129,107334,107335],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[129,107337,107338],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[129,107340,107341,107342],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107343,102424],{},[20,107345,107346],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[126,107348,107349,107354,107357,107370],{},[129,107350,8243,107351,107353],{},[15,107352,102424],{}," when order matters",[129,107355,107356],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[129,107358,37030,107359,8529,107361,497,107366],{},[15,107360,102424],{},[491,107362,107364],{"href":107363},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107365,102432],{},[491,107367,107368],{"href":102473},[15,107369,100047],{},[129,107371,107372],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107374,29962],{},[35,107376,107378],{"className":37,"code":107377,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107379,107380,107390,107404,107422],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107381,107382,107384,107386,107388],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107383,82],{"class":58},[44,107385,63],{"class":62},[44,107387,15494],{"class":97},[44,107389,76],{"class":62},[44,107391,107392,107394,107396,107398,107400,107402],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,107393,82],{"class":58},[44,107395,63],{"class":62},[44,107397,427],{"class":426},[44,107399,63],{"class":62},[44,107401,2094],{"class":97},[44,107403,434],{"class":62},[44,107405,107406,107408,107410,107412,107414,107416,107418,107420],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,107407,82],{"class":58},[44,107409,63],{"class":62},[44,107411,100218],{"class":97},[44,107413,504],{"class":62},[44,107415,106276],{"class":97},[44,107417,63],{"class":62},[44,107419,100227],{"class":97},[44,107421,434],{"class":62},[44,107423,107424,107426,107428,107430,107432,107434],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,107425,82],{"class":58},[44,107427,63],{"class":62},[44,107429,10986],{"class":58},[44,107431,63],{"class":62},[44,107433,2094],{"class":97},[44,107435,434],{"class":62},[20,107437,145],{},[35,107439,107441],{"className":37,"code":107440,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107442,107443,107467,107487,107491,107509,107513,107523,107533,107547],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107444,107445,107447,107449,107451,107453,107455,107457,107459,107461,107463,107465],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107446,3435],{"class":50},[44,107448,55],{"class":54},[44,107450,10313],{"class":62},[44,107452,2807],{"class":452},[44,107454,186],{"class":62},[44,107456,2812],{"class":452},[44,107458,186],{"class":62},[44,107460,2812],{"class":452},[44,107462,186],{"class":62},[44,107464,2282],{"class":452},[44,107466,9130],{"class":62},[44,107468,107469,107471,107473,107475,107477,107479,107481,107483,107485],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,107470,43363],{"class":50},[44,107472,55],{"class":54},[44,107474,10313],{"class":62},[44,107476,1889],{"class":452},[44,107478,186],{"class":62},[44,107480,2282],{"class":452},[44,107482,186],{"class":62},[44,107484,2287],{"class":452},[44,107486,9130],{"class":62},[44,107488,107489],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,107490,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,107492,107493,107495,107497,107499,107501,107503,107505,107507],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,107494,2059],{"class":50},[44,107496,55],{"class":54},[44,107498,4088],{"class":50},[44,107500,504],{"class":62},[44,107502,106276],{"class":97},[44,107504,63],{"class":62},[44,107506,30570],{"class":97},[44,107508,76],{"class":62},[44,107510,107511],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,107512,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,107514,107515,107517,107519,107521],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,107516,82],{"class":58},[44,107518,63],{"class":62},[44,107520,3467],{"class":97},[44,107522,76],{"class":62},[44,107524,107525,107527,107529,107531],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,107526,82],{"class":58},[44,107528,63],{"class":62},[44,107530,2094],{"class":97},[44,107532,76],{"class":62},[44,107534,107535,107537,107539,107541,107543,107545],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,107536,82],{"class":58},[44,107538,63],{"class":62},[44,107540,427],{"class":426},[44,107542,63],{"class":62},[44,107544,2094],{"class":97},[44,107546,434],{"class":62},[44,107548,107549,107551,107553,107555,107557,107559],{"class":46,"line":6261},[44,107550,82],{"class":58},[44,107552,63],{"class":62},[44,107554,10986],{"class":58},[44,107556,63],{"class":62},[44,107558,2094],{"class":97},[44,107560,434],{"class":62},[20,107562,1031],{},[35,107564,107566],{"className":37,"code":107565,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107567,107568,107584,107596,107610],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107569,107570,107572,107574,107576,107578,107580,107582],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107571,9100],{"class":62},[44,107573,2807],{"class":452},[44,107575,186],{"class":62},[44,107577,2812],{"class":452},[44,107579,186],{"class":62},[44,107581,2282],{"class":452},[44,107583,9130],{"class":62},[44,107585,107586,107588,107590,107592,107594],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,107587,9100],{"class":62},[44,107589,1889],{"class":452},[44,107591,186],{"class":62},[44,107593,2282],{"class":452},[44,107595,9130],{"class":62},[44,107597,107598,107600,107602,107604,107606,107608],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,107599,463],{"class":54},[44,107601,467],{"class":466},[44,107603,470],{"class":66},[44,107605,6116],{"class":70},[44,107607,476],{"class":66},[44,107609,479],{"class":54},[44,107611,107612],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,107613,16885],{"class":452},[20,107615,107616,107617,107619],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107618,1889],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[30,107621,1651],{"id":1650},[600,107623,1655,107625,102372],{"id":107624},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107626,102424],{},[20,107628,102375],{},[600,107630,4997,107632,107634],{"id":107631},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107633,102424],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107636,107637],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[600,107639,107641],{"id":107640},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107643,107644],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[600,107646,107648],{"id":107647},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107650,107651],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[35,107653,107654],{"className":37,"code":97091,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,107655,107656],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107657,107658,107660],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107659,6116],{"class":426},[44,107661,345],{"class":62},[30,107663,1719],{"id":1718},[126,107665,107666,107670,107677,107683],{},[129,107667,107668],{},[491,107669,95961],{"href":95960},[129,107671,107672],{},[491,107673,13,107674,10564],{"href":107363},[15,107675,107676],{},"set.union()",[129,107678,107679],{},[491,107680,13,107681,10564],{"href":102473},[15,107682,100052],{},[129,107684,107685],{},[491,107686,99977],{"href":104976},[1758,107688,107689],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":107691},[107692,107694,107695,107696,107697,107699,107704,107705,107713],{"id":106305,"depth":79,"text":107693},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":17247,"depth":79,"text":17248},{"id":11299,"depth":79,"text":11300},{"id":106813,"depth":79,"text":107698},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107064,"depth":79,"text":107700,"children":107701},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107702,107703],{"id":106276,"depth":419,"text":102424},{"id":107210,"depth":419,"text":107069},{"id":4343,"depth":79,"text":4344},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":107706},[107707,107709,107711,107712],{"id":107624,"depth":419,"text":107708},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107631,"depth":419,"text":107710},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107640,"depth":419,"text":107641},{"id":107647,"depth":419,"text":107648},{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106198,"description":107714},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107721,"title":107722,"body":107723,"description":108959,"extension":1796,"meta":108960,"navigation":807,"path":108961,"seo":108962,"stem":108963,"__hash__":108964},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107724,"toc":108926},[107725,107730,107736,107745,107747,107822,107827,107842,107852,107857,107861,107874,107878,107880,107895,107897,107913,107915,107990,107994,107997,107999,108016,108021,108076,108081,108093,108097,108100,108201,108203,108244,108247,108251,108258,108260,108285,108288,108306,108313,108319,108322,108404,108411,108414,108494,108503,108506,108511,108515,108529,108578,108583,108587,108598,108647,108658,108663,108667,108679,108728,108739,108741,108745,108768,108770,108827,108829,108843,108845,108851,108857,108863,108872,108876,108883,108887,108895,108897,108923],[10,107726,95833,107728,11147],{"id":107727},"python-set-pop-method",[15,107729,12587],{},[20,107731,107732,107735],{},[15,107733,107734],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,107737,107738,107739,107741,107742,107744],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[3563,107740,4457],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,107743,12587],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[30,107746,33],{"id":32},[35,107748,107750],{"className":37,"code":107749,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,107751,107752,107784,107798,107802,107812],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107753,107754,107756,107758,107760,107762,107764,107766,107768,107770,107772,107774,107776,107778,107780,107782],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107755,7609],{"class":50},[44,107757,55],{"class":54},[44,107759,10313],{"class":62},[44,107761,67],{"class":66},[44,107763,3903],{"class":70},[44,107765,67],{"class":66},[44,107767,186],{"class":62},[44,107769,1438],{"class":66},[44,107771,3912],{"class":70},[44,107773,67],{"class":66},[44,107775,186],{"class":62},[44,107777,1438],{"class":66},[44,107779,3921],{"class":70},[44,107781,67],{"class":66},[44,107783,9130],{"class":62},[44,107785,107786,107788,107790,107792,107794,107796],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,107787,69564],{"class":50},[44,107789,55],{"class":54},[44,107791,5795],{"class":50},[44,107793,504],{"class":62},[44,107795,26071],{"class":97},[44,107797,345],{"class":62},[44,107799,107800],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,107801,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,107803,107804,107806,107808,107810],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,107805,82],{"class":58},[44,107807,63],{"class":62},[44,107809,69587],{"class":97},[44,107811,76],{"class":62},[44,107813,107814,107816,107818,107820],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,107815,82],{"class":58},[44,107817,63],{"class":62},[44,107819,7640],{"class":97},[44,107821,76],{"class":62},[20,107823,107824],{},[3563,107825,107826],{},"What this does:",[126,107828,107829,107834,107839],{},[129,107830,107831,107832],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,107833,7640],{},[129,107835,107836,107837],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,107838,69587],{},[129,107840,107841],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,107843,107844,88593,107846,107848,107849,107851],{},[3563,107845,83451],{},[15,107847,107734],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[3563,107850,4457],{}," chosen by index.",[30,107853,113,107855,116],{"id":107854},"what-setpop-does",[15,107856,107734],{},[20,107858,107859,449],{},[15,107860,107734],{},[126,107862,107863,107865,107868,107871],{},[129,107864,102675],{},[129,107866,107867],{},"Returns the removed item",[129,107869,107870],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[129,107872,107873],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,107875,95957,107876,504],{},[491,107877,95961],{"href":97132},[30,107879,250],{"id":249},[35,107881,107883],{"className":37,"code":107882,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,107884,107885],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107886,107887,107889,107891,107893],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107888,15494],{"class":50},[44,107890,504],{"class":62},[44,107892,26071],{"class":97},[44,107894,345],{"class":62},[20,107896,12877],{},[126,107898,107899,107905,107910],{},[129,107900,107901,107902],{},"The syntax is ",[15,107903,107904],{},"my_set.pop()",[129,107906,107907,107908],{},"It takes ",[3563,107909,28519],{},[129,107911,107912],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,107914,145],{},[35,107916,107918],{"className":37,"code":107917,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,107919,107920,107952,107966,107970,107980],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107921,107922,107924,107926,107928,107930,107932,107934,107936,107938,107940,107942,107944,107946,107948,107950],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107923,12901],{"class":50},[44,107925,55],{"class":54},[44,107927,10313],{"class":62},[44,107929,67],{"class":66},[44,107931,12918],{"class":70},[44,107933,67],{"class":66},[44,107935,186],{"class":62},[44,107937,1438],{"class":66},[44,107939,12935],{"class":70},[44,107941,67],{"class":66},[44,107943,186],{"class":62},[44,107945,1438],{"class":66},[44,107947,17285],{"class":70},[44,107949,67],{"class":66},[44,107951,9130],{"class":62},[44,107953,107954,107956,107958,107960,107962,107964],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,107955,28369],{"class":50},[44,107957,55],{"class":54},[44,107959,12949],{"class":50},[44,107961,504],{"class":62},[44,107963,26071],{"class":97},[44,107965,345],{"class":62},[44,107967,107968],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,107969,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,107971,107972,107974,107976,107978],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,107973,82],{"class":58},[44,107975,63],{"class":62},[44,107977,23139],{"class":97},[44,107979,76],{"class":62},[44,107981,107982,107984,107986,107988],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,107983,82],{"class":58},[44,107985,63],{"class":62},[44,107987,17332],{"class":97},[44,107989,76],{"class":62},[30,107991,107993],{"id":107992},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,107995,107996],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,107998,1938],{},[126,108000,108001,108007,108010],{},[129,108002,108003,108004,108006],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108005,12587],{}," removes",[129,108008,108009],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[129,108011,108012,108013,108015],{},"You should not use ",[15,108014,12587],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108017,10283,108018,108020],{},[3563,108019,4457],{}," valid:",[35,108022,108024],{"className":37,"code":108023,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108025,108026,108058],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108027,108028,108030,108032,108034,108036,108038,108040,108042,108044,108046,108048,108050,108052,108054,108056],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108029,36064],{"class":50},[44,108031,55],{"class":54},[44,108033,10313],{"class":62},[44,108035,67],{"class":66},[44,108037,3903],{"class":70},[44,108039,67],{"class":66},[44,108041,186],{"class":62},[44,108043,1438],{"class":66},[44,108045,3912],{"class":70},[44,108047,67],{"class":66},[44,108049,186],{"class":62},[44,108051,1438],{"class":66},[44,108053,3921],{"class":70},[44,108055,67],{"class":66},[44,108057,9130],{"class":62},[44,108059,108060,108062,108064,108066,108068,108070,108072,108074],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,108061,36116],{"class":50},[44,108063,504],{"class":62},[44,108065,26071],{"class":97},[44,108067,63],{"class":62},[44,108069,67],{"class":66},[44,108071,3903],{"class":70},[44,108073,67],{"class":66},[44,108075,76],{"class":62},[20,108077,39479,108078,108080],{},[15,108079,107734],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108082,108083,108084,497,108088,504],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[491,108085,108086],{"href":97842},[15,108087,102501],{},[491,108089,108091],{"href":108090},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108092,102492],{},[30,108094,108096],{"id":108095},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108098,108099],{},"Here is a simple example:",[35,108101,108103],{"className":37,"code":108102,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108104,108105,108139,108143,108159,108163,108182],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108106,108107,108110,108112,108114,108116,108118,108120,108122,108124,108126,108128,108130,108132,108135,108137],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108108,108109],{"class":50},"animals ",[44,108111,55],{"class":54},[44,108113,10313],{"class":62},[44,108115,67],{"class":66},[44,108117,36873],{"class":70},[44,108119,67],{"class":66},[44,108121,186],{"class":62},[44,108123,1438],{"class":66},[44,108125,57755],{"class":70},[44,108127,67],{"class":66},[44,108129,186],{"class":62},[44,108131,1438],{"class":66},[44,108133,108134],{"class":70},"rabbit",[44,108136,67],{"class":66},[44,108138,9130],{"class":62},[44,108140,108141],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,108142,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,108144,108145,108148,108150,108153,108155,108157],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,108146,108147],{"class":50},"removed_animal ",[44,108149,55],{"class":54},[44,108151,108152],{"class":50}," animals",[44,108154,504],{"class":62},[44,108156,26071],{"class":97},[44,108158,345],{"class":62},[44,108160,108161],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,108162,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,108164,108165,108167,108169,108171,108173,108175,108177,108180],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,108166,82],{"class":58},[44,108168,63],{"class":62},[44,108170,67],{"class":66},[44,108172,28787],{"class":70},[44,108174,67],{"class":66},[44,108176,186],{"class":62},[44,108178,108179],{"class":97}," removed_animal",[44,108181,76],{"class":62},[44,108183,108184,108186,108188,108190,108193,108195,108197,108199],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,108185,82],{"class":58},[44,108187,63],{"class":62},[44,108189,67],{"class":66},[44,108191,108192],{"class":70},"Updated set:",[44,108194,67],{"class":66},[44,108196,186],{"class":62},[44,108198,108152],{"class":97},[44,108200,76],{"class":62},[20,108202,194],{},[35,108204,108206],{"className":37,"code":108205,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108207,108208,108217],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108209,108210,108212,108214],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108211,28829],{"class":50},[44,108213,449],{"class":62},[44,108215,108216],{"class":50}," dog\n",[44,108218,108219,108222,108224,108226,108228,108230,108232,108234,108236,108238,108240,108242],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,108220,108221],{"class":50},"Updated ",[44,108223,6116],{"class":426},[44,108225,449],{"class":62},[44,108227,10313],{"class":62},[44,108229,476],{"class":66},[44,108231,36873],{"class":70},[44,108233,476],{"class":66},[44,108235,186],{"class":62},[44,108237,470],{"class":66},[44,108239,108134],{"class":70},[44,108241,476],{"class":66},[44,108243,9130],{"class":62},[20,108245,108246],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[30,108248,108250],{"id":108249},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108252,29480,108253,108255,108256,504],{},[15,108254,12587],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108257,19517],{},[20,108259,145],{},[35,108261,108263],{"className":37,"code":108262,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108264,108265,108275],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108266,108267,108269,108271,108273],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108268,7609],{"class":50},[44,108270,55],{"class":54},[44,108272,15461],{"class":426},[44,108274,345],{"class":62},[44,108276,108277,108279,108281,108283],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,108278,7640],{"class":50},[44,108280,504],{"class":62},[44,108282,26071],{"class":97},[44,108284,345],{"class":62},[20,108286,108287],{},"This raises:",[35,108289,108291],{"className":37,"code":108290,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108292,108293],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108294,108295,108297,108299,108301,108304],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108296,19517],{"class":426},[44,108298,449],{"class":62},[44,108300,470],{"class":66},[44,108302,108303],{"class":70},"pop from an empty set",[44,108305,29530],{"class":66},[20,108307,108308,108309,108312],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[491,108310,108311],{"href":10898},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[600,108314,108316,108317],{"id":108315},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108318,12587],{},[20,108320,108321],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[35,108323,108325],{"className":37,"code":108324,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108326,108327,108337,108341,108349,108364,108383,108389],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108328,108329,108331,108333,108335],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108330,7609],{"class":50},[44,108332,55],{"class":54},[44,108334,15461],{"class":426},[44,108336,345],{"class":62},[44,108338,108339],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,108340,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,108342,108343,108345,108347],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,108344,6828],{"class":1384},[44,108346,5795],{"class":50},[44,108348,1388],{"class":62},[44,108350,108351,108354,108356,108358,108360,108362],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,108352,108353],{"class":50},"    removed ",[44,108355,55],{"class":54},[44,108357,5795],{"class":50},[44,108359,504],{"class":62},[44,108361,26071],{"class":97},[44,108363,345],{"class":62},[44,108365,108366,108368,108370,108372,108374,108376,108378,108381],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,108367,1416],{"class":58},[44,108369,63],{"class":62},[44,108371,67],{"class":66},[44,108373,28787],{"class":70},[44,108375,67],{"class":66},[44,108377,186],{"class":62},[44,108379,108380],{"class":97}," removed",[44,108382,76],{"class":62},[44,108384,108385,108387],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,108386,27264],{"class":1384},[44,108388,1388],{"class":62},[44,108390,108391,108393,108395,108397,108400,108402],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,108392,1416],{"class":58},[44,108394,63],{"class":62},[44,108396,67],{"class":66},[44,108398,108399],{"class":70},"The set is empty.",[44,108401,67],{"class":66},[44,108403,76],{"class":62},[600,108405,103,108407,1126,108409],{"id":108406},"use-try-and-except",[15,108408,1385],{},[15,108410,1450],{},[20,108412,108413],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[35,108415,108417],{"className":37,"code":108416,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108418,108419,108429,108433,108439,108453,108471,108479],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108420,108421,108423,108425,108427],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108422,7609],{"class":50},[44,108424,55],{"class":54},[44,108426,15461],{"class":426},[44,108428,345],{"class":62},[44,108430,108431],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,108432,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,108434,108435,108437],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,108436,1385],{"class":1384},[44,108438,1388],{"class":62},[44,108440,108441,108443,108445,108447,108449,108451],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,108442,108353],{"class":50},[44,108444,55],{"class":54},[44,108446,5795],{"class":50},[44,108448,504],{"class":62},[44,108450,26071],{"class":97},[44,108452,345],{"class":62},[44,108454,108455,108457,108459,108461,108463,108465,108467,108469],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,108456,1416],{"class":58},[44,108458,63],{"class":62},[44,108460,67],{"class":66},[44,108462,28787],{"class":70},[44,108464,67],{"class":66},[44,108466,186],{"class":62},[44,108468,108380],{"class":97},[44,108470,76],{"class":62},[44,108472,108473,108475,108477],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,108474,1450],{"class":1384},[44,108476,29665],{"class":426},[44,108478,1388],{"class":62},[44,108480,108481,108483,108485,108487,108490,108492],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,108482,1416],{"class":58},[44,108484,63],{"class":62},[44,108486,67],{"class":66},[44,108488,108489],{"class":70},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[44,108491,67],{"class":66},[44,108493,76],{"class":62},[30,108495,4788,108497,10408,108499,10408,108501],{"id":108496},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108498,12587],{},[15,108500,55156],{},[15,108502,102487],{},[20,108504,108505],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[600,108507,103,108509],{"id":108508},"use-pop",[15,108510,12587],{},[20,108512,103,108513,10424],{},[15,108514,12587],{},[126,108516,108517,108523,108526],{},[129,108518,108519,108520],{},"You want to remove ",[3563,108521,108522],{},"any one item",[129,108524,108525],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[129,108527,108528],{},"You want the removed item returned",[35,108530,108532],{"className":37,"code":108531,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108533,108534,108554,108568],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108535,108536,108538,108540,108542,108544,108546,108548,108550,108552],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108537,3435],{"class":50},[44,108539,55],{"class":54},[44,108541,10313],{"class":62},[44,108543,2807],{"class":452},[44,108545,186],{"class":62},[44,108547,2812],{"class":452},[44,108549,186],{"class":62},[44,108551,2282],{"class":452},[44,108553,9130],{"class":62},[44,108555,108556,108558,108560,108562,108564,108566],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,108557,338],{"class":50},[44,108559,55],{"class":54},[44,108561,4088],{"class":50},[44,108563,504],{"class":62},[44,108565,26071],{"class":97},[44,108567,345],{"class":62},[44,108569,108570,108572,108574,108576],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,108571,82],{"class":58},[44,108573,63],{"class":62},[44,108575,354],{"class":97},[44,108577,76],{"class":62},[600,108579,103,108581],{"id":108580},"use-remove",[15,108582,55156],{},[20,108584,103,108585,10424],{},[15,108586,55156],{},[126,108588,108589,108595],{},[129,108590,108591,108592],{},"You want to delete a ",[3563,108593,108594],{},"specific item",[129,108596,108597],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[35,108599,108601],{"className":37,"code":108600,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108602,108603,108623,108637],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108604,108605,108607,108609,108611,108613,108615,108617,108619,108621],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108606,3435],{"class":50},[44,108608,55],{"class":54},[44,108610,10313],{"class":62},[44,108612,2807],{"class":452},[44,108614,186],{"class":62},[44,108616,2812],{"class":452},[44,108618,186],{"class":62},[44,108620,2282],{"class":452},[44,108622,9130],{"class":62},[44,108624,108625,108627,108629,108631,108633,108635],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,108626,3467],{"class":50},[44,108628,504],{"class":62},[44,108630,34621],{"class":97},[44,108632,63],{"class":62},[44,108634,1889],{"class":452},[44,108636,76],{"class":62},[44,108638,108639,108641,108643,108645],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,108640,82],{"class":58},[44,108642,63],{"class":62},[44,108644,3467],{"class":97},[44,108646,76],{"class":62},[20,108648,108649,108650,108652,108653,108657],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108651,55156],{}," raises an error. See the ",[491,108654,108655,10564],{"href":97842},[15,108656,102501],{}," for details.",[600,108659,103,108661],{"id":108660},"use-discard",[15,108662,102487],{},[20,108664,103,108665,10424],{},[15,108666,102487],{},[126,108668,108669,108673],{},[129,108670,108591,108671],{},[3563,108672,108594],{},[129,108674,108675,108676,108678],{},"You do ",[3563,108677,4457],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[35,108680,108682],{"className":37,"code":108681,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108683,108684,108704,108718],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108685,108686,108688,108690,108692,108694,108696,108698,108700,108702],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108687,3435],{"class":50},[44,108689,55],{"class":54},[44,108691,10313],{"class":62},[44,108693,2807],{"class":452},[44,108695,186],{"class":62},[44,108697,2812],{"class":452},[44,108699,186],{"class":62},[44,108701,2282],{"class":452},[44,108703,9130],{"class":62},[44,108705,108706,108708,108710,108712,108714,108716],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,108707,3467],{"class":50},[44,108709,504],{"class":62},[44,108711,102554],{"class":97},[44,108713,63],{"class":62},[44,108715,1129],{"class":452},[44,108717,76],{"class":62},[44,108719,108720,108722,108724,108726],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,108721,82],{"class":58},[44,108723,63],{"class":62},[44,108725,3467],{"class":97},[44,108727,76],{"class":62},[20,108729,108730,108731,108733,108734,108738],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,108732,1129],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[491,108735,108736,10564],{"href":108090},[15,108737,102492],{}," for more examples.",[30,108740,1486],{"id":1485},[20,108742,71110,108743,449],{},[15,108744,107734],{},[126,108746,108747,108753,108758,108763],{},[129,108748,108749,108750],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,108751,108752],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[129,108754,8279,108755,108757],{},[15,108756,12587],{}," to remove the first or last item",[129,108759,29480,108760,108762],{},[15,108761,12587],{}," on an empty set",[129,108764,8243,108765,108767],{},[15,108766,12587],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,108769,61924],{},[35,108771,108773],{"className":37,"code":108772,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,108774,108775,108785,108799,108813],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108776,108777,108779,108781,108783],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108778,82],{"class":58},[44,108780,63],{"class":62},[44,108782,15494],{"class":97},[44,108784,76],{"class":62},[44,108786,108787,108789,108791,108793,108795,108797],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,108788,82],{"class":58},[44,108790,63],{"class":62},[44,108792,10986],{"class":58},[44,108794,63],{"class":62},[44,108796,15494],{"class":97},[44,108798,434],{"class":62},[44,108800,108801,108803,108805,108807,108809,108811],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,108802,82],{"class":58},[44,108804,63],{"class":62},[44,108806,427],{"class":426},[44,108808,63],{"class":62},[44,108810,15494],{"class":97},[44,108812,434],{"class":62},[44,108814,108815,108817,108819,108821,108823,108825],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,108816,28369],{"class":50},[44,108818,55],{"class":54},[44,108820,96557],{"class":50},[44,108822,504],{"class":62},[44,108824,26071],{"class":97},[44,108826,345],{"class":62},[20,108828,25838],{},[126,108830,108831,108834,108837,108840],{},[129,108832,108833],{},"What values are in the set",[129,108835,108836],{},"Whether the set is empty",[129,108838,108839],{},"That the object is really a set",[129,108841,108842],{},"What value was actually removed",[30,108844,1651],{"id":1650},[600,108846,1655,108848,108850],{"id":108847},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,108849,107734],{}," remove the first item?",[20,108852,108853,108854,108856],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,108855,12587],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[600,108858,108860,108861,213],{"id":108859},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,108862,107734],{},[20,108864,108865,108866,108868,108869,108871],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,108867,12587],{},", set ",[15,108870,12587],{}," does not accept an index.",[600,108873,108875],{"id":108874},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,108877,71279,108878,44444,108880,108882],{},[15,108879,19517],{},[15,108881,12587],{}," is called on an empty set.",[600,108884,108886],{"id":108885},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,108888,103,108889,497,108891,10916,108893,504],{},[15,108890,55156],{},[15,108892,102487],{},[15,108894,12587],{},[30,108896,1719],{"id":1718},[126,108898,108899,108903,108909,108915,108919],{},[129,108900,108901],{},[491,108902,95961],{"href":97132},[129,108904,108905],{},[491,108906,96447,108907,10564],{"href":97842},[15,108908,55156],{},[129,108910,108911],{},[491,108912,96447,108913,10564],{"href":108090},[15,108914,102487],{},[129,108916,108917],{},[491,108918,11087],{"href":10898},[129,108920,108921],{},[491,108922,55142],{"href":54694},[1758,108924,108925],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":108927},[108928,108929,108931,108932,108933,108934,108940,108949,108950,108958],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":107854,"depth":79,"text":108930},"What set.pop() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":107992,"depth":79,"text":107993},{"id":108095,"depth":79,"text":108096},{"id":108249,"depth":79,"text":108250,"children":108935},[108936,108938],{"id":108315,"depth":419,"text":108937},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108406,"depth":419,"text":108939},"Use try and except",{"id":108496,"depth":79,"text":108941,"children":108942},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[108943,108945,108947],{"id":108508,"depth":419,"text":108944},"Use pop()",{"id":108580,"depth":419,"text":108946},"Use remove()",{"id":108660,"depth":419,"text":108948},"Use discard()",{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":108951},[108952,108954,108956,108957],{"id":108847,"depth":419,"text":108953},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":108859,"depth":419,"text":108955},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":108874,"depth":419,"text":108875},{"id":108885,"depth":419,"text":108886},{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107722,"description":108959},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":108966,"title":108967,"body":108968,"description":110122,"extension":1796,"meta":110123,"navigation":807,"path":110124,"seo":110125,"stem":110126,"__hash__":110127},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":108969,"toc":110090},[108970,108975,108980,108989,108991,109056,109060,109084,109091,109096,109100,109115,109118,109120,109139,109153,109156,109204,109208,109224,109226,109299,109303,109328,109334,109342,109346,109353,109408,109413,109430,109436,109442,109447,109455,109462,109466,109474,109529,109531,109548,109552,109559,109624,109628,109661,109663,109675,109682,109684,109689,109696,109698,109767,109771,109779,109781,109845,109849,109854,109901,109906,109974,109982,109989,109992,109998,110003,110007,110009,110012,110014,110019,110024,110030,110035,110042,110050,110056,110059,110061,110087],[10,108971,95833,108973,11147],{"id":108972},"python-set-remove-method",[15,108974,55156],{},[20,108976,108977,108979],{},[15,108978,102501],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,108981,108982,108983,108986,108987,504],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[3563,108984,108985],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,108988,19517],{},[30,108990,33],{"id":32},[35,108992,108994],{"className":37,"code":108993,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108995,108996,109028,109046],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108997,108998,109000,109002,109004,109006,109008,109010,109012,109014,109016,109018,109020,109022,109024,109026],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108999,12901],{"class":50},[44,109001,55],{"class":54},[44,109003,10313],{"class":62},[44,109005,67],{"class":66},[44,109007,12918],{"class":70},[44,109009,67],{"class":66},[44,109011,186],{"class":62},[44,109013,1438],{"class":66},[44,109015,12935],{"class":70},[44,109017,67],{"class":66},[44,109019,186],{"class":62},[44,109021,1438],{"class":66},[44,109023,17285],{"class":70},[44,109025,67],{"class":66},[44,109027,9130],{"class":62},[44,109029,109030,109032,109034,109036,109038,109040,109042,109044],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,109031,17332],{"class":50},[44,109033,504],{"class":62},[44,109035,34621],{"class":97},[44,109037,63],{"class":62},[44,109039,67],{"class":66},[44,109041,12935],{"class":70},[44,109043,67],{"class":66},[44,109045,76],{"class":62},[44,109047,109048,109050,109052,109054],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,109049,82],{"class":58},[44,109051,63],{"class":62},[44,109053,17332],{"class":97},[44,109055,76],{"class":62},[20,109057,109058],{},[3563,109059,194],{},[35,109061,109062],{"className":37,"code":103181,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,109063,109064],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109065,109066,109068,109070,109072,109074,109076,109078,109080,109082],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109067,9100],{"class":62},[44,109069,476],{"class":66},[44,109071,12918],{"class":70},[44,109073,476],{"class":66},[44,109075,186],{"class":62},[44,109077,470],{"class":66},[44,109079,17285],{"class":70},[44,109081,476],{"class":66},[44,109083,9130],{"class":62},[20,109085,103,109086,109088,109089,504],{},[15,109087,55156],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109090,19517],{},[30,109092,113,109094,116],{"id":109093},"what-setremove-does",[15,109095,102501],{},[20,109097,109098,449],{},[15,109099,102501],{},[126,109101,109102,109105,109107,109109],{},[129,109103,109104],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[129,109106,95948],{},[129,109108,95951],{},[129,109110,109111,109112,109114],{},"Raises ",[15,109113,19517],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109116,109117],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[30,109119,250],{"id":249},[35,109121,109123],{"className":37,"code":109122,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109124,109125],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109126,109127,109129,109131,109133,109135,109137],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109128,15494],{"class":50},[44,109130,504],{"class":62},[44,109132,34621],{"class":97},[44,109134,63],{"class":62},[44,109136,354],{"class":97},[44,109138,76],{"class":62},[126,109140,109141,109145,109150],{},[129,109142,109143,102723],{},[15,109144,15494],{},[129,109146,109147,109149],{},[15,109148,354],{}," is the item to remove",[129,109151,109152],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109154,109155],{},"Here is a small example:",[35,109157,109158],{"className":37,"code":108600,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,109159,109160,109180,109194],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109161,109162,109164,109166,109168,109170,109172,109174,109176,109178],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109163,3435],{"class":50},[44,109165,55],{"class":54},[44,109167,10313],{"class":62},[44,109169,2807],{"class":452},[44,109171,186],{"class":62},[44,109173,2812],{"class":452},[44,109175,186],{"class":62},[44,109177,2282],{"class":452},[44,109179,9130],{"class":62},[44,109181,109182,109184,109186,109188,109190,109192],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,109183,3467],{"class":50},[44,109185,504],{"class":62},[44,109187,34621],{"class":97},[44,109189,63],{"class":62},[44,109191,1889],{"class":452},[44,109193,76],{"class":62},[44,109195,109196,109198,109200,109202],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,109197,82],{"class":58},[44,109199,63],{"class":62},[44,109201,3467],{"class":97},[44,109203,76],{"class":62},[20,109205,109206],{},[3563,109207,194],{},[35,109209,109210],{"className":37,"code":100931,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,109211,109212],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109213,109214,109216,109218,109220,109222],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109215,9100],{"class":62},[44,109217,2807],{"class":452},[44,109219,186],{"class":62},[44,109221,2282],{"class":452},[44,109223,9130],{"class":62},[30,109225,11300],{"id":11299},[35,109227,109229],{"className":37,"code":109228,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109230,109231,109263,109267,109285,109289],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109232,109233,109235,109237,109239,109241,109243,109245,109247,109249,109251,109253,109255,109257,109259,109261],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109234,36064],{"class":50},[44,109236,55],{"class":54},[44,109238,10313],{"class":62},[44,109240,67],{"class":66},[44,109242,3903],{"class":70},[44,109244,67],{"class":66},[44,109246,186],{"class":62},[44,109248,1438],{"class":66},[44,109250,3912],{"class":70},[44,109252,67],{"class":66},[44,109254,186],{"class":62},[44,109256,1438],{"class":66},[44,109258,33046],{"class":70},[44,109260,67],{"class":66},[44,109262,9130],{"class":62},[44,109264,109265],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,109266,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,109268,109269,109271,109273,109275,109277,109279,109281,109283],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,109270,36116],{"class":50},[44,109272,504],{"class":62},[44,109274,34621],{"class":97},[44,109276,63],{"class":62},[44,109278,67],{"class":66},[44,109280,3912],{"class":70},[44,109282,67],{"class":66},[44,109284,76],{"class":62},[44,109286,109287],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,109288,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,109290,109291,109293,109295,109297],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,109292,82],{"class":58},[44,109294,63],{"class":62},[44,109296,36116],{"class":97},[44,109298,76],{"class":62},[20,109300,109301],{},[3563,109302,194],{},[35,109304,109306],{"className":37,"code":109305,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109307,109308],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109309,109310,109312,109314,109316,109318,109320,109322,109324,109326],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109311,9100],{"class":62},[44,109313,476],{"class":66},[44,109315,3903],{"class":70},[44,109317,476],{"class":66},[44,109319,186],{"class":62},[44,109321,470],{"class":66},[44,109323,33046],{"class":70},[44,109325,476],{"class":66},[44,109327,9130],{"class":62},[20,109329,109330,109331,109333],{},"This removes ",[15,109332,64904],{}," from the set.",[20,109335,109336,109337,109339,109340,504],{},"A set does ",[3563,109338,4457],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[491,109341,95965],{"href":97516},[30,109343,109345],{"id":109344},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109347,109348,109349,52121,109351,504],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109350,55156],{},[15,109352,19517],{},[35,109354,109356],{"className":37,"code":109355,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109357,109358,109390],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109359,109360,109362,109364,109366,109368,109370,109372,109374,109376,109378,109380,109382,109384,109386,109388],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109361,12901],{"class":50},[44,109363,55],{"class":54},[44,109365,10313],{"class":62},[44,109367,67],{"class":66},[44,109369,12918],{"class":70},[44,109371,67],{"class":66},[44,109373,186],{"class":62},[44,109375,1438],{"class":66},[44,109377,12935],{"class":70},[44,109379,67],{"class":66},[44,109381,186],{"class":62},[44,109383,1438],{"class":66},[44,109385,17285],{"class":70},[44,109387,67],{"class":66},[44,109389,9130],{"class":62},[44,109391,109392,109394,109396,109398,109400,109402,109404,109406],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,109393,17332],{"class":50},[44,109395,504],{"class":62},[44,109397,34621],{"class":97},[44,109399,63],{"class":62},[44,109401,67],{"class":66},[44,109403,22352],{"class":70},[44,109405,67],{"class":66},[44,109407,76],{"class":62},[20,109409,109410],{},[3563,109411,109412],{},"Result:",[35,109414,109416],{"className":37,"code":109415,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109417,109418],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109419,109420,109422,109424,109426,109428],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109421,19517],{"class":426},[44,109423,449],{"class":62},[44,109425,470],{"class":66},[44,109427,22352],{"class":70},[44,109429,29530],{"class":66},[20,109431,22017,109432,109435],{},[15,109433,109434],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109437,109438,109439,109441],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109440,55156],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109443,109444,109445,504],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[491,109446,11087],{"href":10898},[30,109448,4023,109450,109452,109453],{"id":109449},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109451,55156],{}," is different from ",[15,109454,102487],{},[20,109456,109457,1126,109459,109461],{},[15,109458,55156],{},[15,109460,102487],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[600,109463,109464],{"id":34621},[15,109465,55156],{},[126,109467,109468,109471],{},[129,109469,109470],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[129,109472,109473],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[35,109475,109477],{"className":37,"code":109476,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109478,109479,109511],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109480,109481,109483,109485,109487,109489,109491,109493,109495,109497,109499,109501,109503,109505,109507,109509],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109482,35915],{"class":50},[44,109484,55],{"class":54},[44,109486,10313],{"class":62},[44,109488,67],{"class":66},[44,109490,491],{"class":70},[44,109492,67],{"class":66},[44,109494,186],{"class":62},[44,109496,1438],{"class":66},[44,109498,4587],{"class":70},[44,109500,67],{"class":66},[44,109502,186],{"class":62},[44,109504,1438],{"class":66},[44,109506,9561],{"class":70},[44,109508,67],{"class":66},[44,109510,9130],{"class":62},[44,109512,109513,109515,109517,109519,109521,109523,109525,109527],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,109514,35968],{"class":50},[44,109516,504],{"class":62},[44,109518,34621],{"class":97},[44,109520,63],{"class":62},[44,109522,67],{"class":66},[44,109524,18598],{"class":70},[44,109526,67],{"class":66},[44,109528,76],{"class":62},[20,109530,108287],{},[35,109532,109534],{"className":37,"code":109533,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109535,109536],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109537,109538,109540,109542,109544,109546],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109539,19517],{"class":426},[44,109541,449],{"class":62},[44,109543,470],{"class":66},[44,109545,18598],{"class":70},[44,109547,29530],{"class":66},[600,109549,109550],{"id":102554},[15,109551,102487],{},[126,109553,109554,109556],{},[129,109555,109470],{},[129,109557,109558],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[35,109560,109562],{"className":37,"code":109561,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109563,109564,109596,109614],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109565,109566,109568,109570,109572,109574,109576,109578,109580,109582,109584,109586,109588,109590,109592,109594],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109567,35915],{"class":50},[44,109569,55],{"class":54},[44,109571,10313],{"class":62},[44,109573,67],{"class":66},[44,109575,491],{"class":70},[44,109577,67],{"class":66},[44,109579,186],{"class":62},[44,109581,1438],{"class":66},[44,109583,4587],{"class":70},[44,109585,67],{"class":66},[44,109587,186],{"class":62},[44,109589,1438],{"class":66},[44,109591,9561],{"class":70},[44,109593,67],{"class":66},[44,109595,9130],{"class":62},[44,109597,109598,109600,109602,109604,109606,109608,109610,109612],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,109599,35968],{"class":50},[44,109601,504],{"class":62},[44,109603,102554],{"class":97},[44,109605,63],{"class":62},[44,109607,67],{"class":66},[44,109609,18598],{"class":70},[44,109611,67],{"class":66},[44,109613,76],{"class":62},[44,109615,109616,109618,109620,109622],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,109617,82],{"class":58},[44,109619,63],{"class":62},[44,109621,35968],{"class":97},[44,109623,76],{"class":62},[20,109625,109626],{},[3563,109627,1031],{},[35,109629,109631],{"className":37,"code":109630,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109632,109633],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109634,109635,109637,109639,109641,109643,109645,109647,109649,109651,109653,109655,109657,109659],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109636,9100],{"class":62},[44,109638,476],{"class":66},[44,109640,491],{"class":70},[44,109642,476],{"class":66},[44,109644,186],{"class":62},[44,109646,470],{"class":66},[44,109648,4587],{"class":70},[44,109650,476],{"class":66},[44,109652,186],{"class":62},[44,109654,470],{"class":66},[44,109656,9561],{"class":70},[44,109658,476],{"class":66},[44,109660,9130],{"class":62},[20,109662,18525],{},[126,109664,109665,109670],{},[129,109666,109667,109669],{},[15,109668,55156],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[129,109671,109672,109674],{},[15,109673,102487],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,109676,109677,109678,504],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[491,109679,96447,109680,10564],{"href":108090},[15,109681,102487],{},[30,109683,4344],{"id":4343},[600,109685,8279,109687,96827],{"id":109686},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109688,55156],{},[20,109690,109691,109693,109694,504],{},[15,109692,55156],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,109695,3599],{},[20,109697,16472],{},[35,109699,109701],{"className":37,"code":109700,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,109702,109703,109735,109757],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109704,109705,109707,109709,109711,109713,109715,109717,109719,109721,109723,109725,109727,109729,109731,109733],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109706,12901],{"class":50},[44,109708,55],{"class":54},[44,109710,10313],{"class":62},[44,109712,67],{"class":66},[44,109714,12918],{"class":70},[44,109716,67],{"class":66},[44,109718,186],{"class":62},[44,109720,1438],{"class":66},[44,109722,12935],{"class":70},[44,109724,67],{"class":66},[44,109726,186],{"class":62},[44,109728,1438],{"class":66},[44,109730,17285],{"class":70},[44,109732,67],{"class":66},[44,109734,9130],{"class":62},[44,109736,109737,109739,109741,109743,109745,109747,109749,109751,109753,109755],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,109738,12944],{"class":50},[44,109740,55],{"class":54},[44,109742,12949],{"class":50},[44,109744,504],{"class":62},[44,109746,34621],{"class":97},[44,109748,63],{"class":62},[44,109750,67],{"class":66},[44,109752,12935],{"class":70},[44,109754,67],{"class":66},[44,109756,76],{"class":62},[44,109758,109759,109761,109763,109765],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,109760,82],{"class":58},[44,109762,63],{"class":62},[44,109764,12968],{"class":97},[44,109766,76],{"class":62},[20,109768,109769],{},[3563,109770,1031],{},[35,109772,109773],{"className":37,"code":11633,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,109774,109775],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109776,109777],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109778,11633],{"class":3674},[20,109780,16484],{},[35,109782,109783],{"className":37,"code":108993,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,109784,109785,109817,109835],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109786,109787,109789,109791,109793,109795,109797,109799,109801,109803,109805,109807,109809,109811,109813,109815],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109788,12901],{"class":50},[44,109790,55],{"class":54},[44,109792,10313],{"class":62},[44,109794,67],{"class":66},[44,109796,12918],{"class":70},[44,109798,67],{"class":66},[44,109800,186],{"class":62},[44,109802,1438],{"class":66},[44,109804,12935],{"class":70},[44,109806,67],{"class":66},[44,109808,186],{"class":62},[44,109810,1438],{"class":66},[44,109812,17285],{"class":70},[44,109814,67],{"class":66},[44,109816,9130],{"class":62},[44,109818,109819,109821,109823,109825,109827,109829,109831,109833],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,109820,17332],{"class":50},[44,109822,504],{"class":62},[44,109824,34621],{"class":97},[44,109826,63],{"class":62},[44,109828,67],{"class":66},[44,109830,12935],{"class":70},[44,109832,67],{"class":66},[44,109834,76],{"class":62},[44,109836,109837,109839,109841,109843],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,109838,82],{"class":58},[44,109840,63],{"class":62},[44,109842,17332],{"class":97},[44,109844,76],{"class":62},[600,109846,109848],{"id":109847},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,109850,109851,109852,504],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,109853,19517],{},[35,109855,109857],{"className":37,"code":109856,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109858,109859,109883],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109860,109861,109863,109865,109867,109869,109871,109873,109875,109877,109879,109881],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109862,12901],{"class":50},[44,109864,55],{"class":54},[44,109866,10313],{"class":62},[44,109868,67],{"class":66},[44,109870,12918],{"class":70},[44,109872,67],{"class":66},[44,109874,186],{"class":62},[44,109876,1438],{"class":66},[44,109878,12935],{"class":70},[44,109880,67],{"class":66},[44,109882,9130],{"class":62},[44,109884,109885,109887,109889,109891,109893,109895,109897,109899],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,109886,17332],{"class":50},[44,109888,504],{"class":62},[44,109890,34621],{"class":97},[44,109892,63],{"class":62},[44,109894,67],{"class":66},[44,109896,17285],{"class":70},[44,109898,67],{"class":66},[44,109900,76],{"class":62},[20,109902,109903,109904,449],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,109905,3705],{},[35,109907,109909],{"className":37,"code":109908,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109910,109911,109935,109939,109955],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109912,109913,109915,109917,109919,109921,109923,109925,109927,109929,109931,109933],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109914,12901],{"class":50},[44,109916,55],{"class":54},[44,109918,10313],{"class":62},[44,109920,67],{"class":66},[44,109922,12918],{"class":70},[44,109924,67],{"class":66},[44,109926,186],{"class":62},[44,109928,1438],{"class":66},[44,109930,12935],{"class":70},[44,109932,67],{"class":66},[44,109934,9130],{"class":62},[44,109936,109937],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,109938,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,109940,109941,109943,109945,109947,109949,109951,109953],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,109942,6828],{"class":1384},[44,109944,1438],{"class":66},[44,109946,17285],{"class":70},[44,109948,67],{"class":66},[44,109950,21002],{"class":54},[44,109952,12949],{"class":50},[44,109954,1388],{"class":62},[44,109956,109957,109960,109962,109964,109966,109968,109970,109972],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,109958,109959],{"class":50},"    colors",[44,109961,504],{"class":62},[44,109963,34621],{"class":97},[44,109965,63],{"class":62},[44,109967,67],{"class":66},[44,109969,17285],{"class":70},[44,109971,67],{"class":66},[44,109973,76],{"class":62},[20,109975,109976,109977,109981],{},"Or use ",[491,109978,109979],{"href":108090},[15,109980,102487],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[600,109983,37030,109985,8529,109987],{"id":109984},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,109986,102501],{},[15,109988,54702],{},[20,109990,109991],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,109993,109994,109995,109997],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,109996,102501],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,109999,110000,110001,504],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[491,110002,98711],{"href":98710},[600,110004,110006],{"id":110005},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110008,107996],{},[20,110010,110011],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[30,110013,1651],{"id":1650},[600,110015,1655,110017,96926],{"id":110016},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110018,102501],{},[20,110020,110021,110022,504],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110023,3599],{},[600,110025,30114,110027,110029],{"id":110026},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110028,102501],{}," raise?",[20,110031,30120,110032,110034],{},[15,110033,19517],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[600,110036,21249,110038,497,110040,213],{"id":110037},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110039,55156],{},[15,110041,102487],{},[20,110043,103,110044,110046,110047,110049],{},[15,110045,55156],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110048,102487],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[600,110051,4997,110053,110055],{"id":110052},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110054,102501],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110057,110058],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[30,110060,1719],{"id":1718},[126,110062,110063,110069,110075,110079,110083],{},[129,110064,110065],{},[491,110066,96447,110067,10564],{"href":108090},[15,110068,102487],{},[129,110070,110071],{},[491,110072,96447,110073,10564],{"href":97847},[15,110074,12587],{},[129,110076,110077],{},[491,110078,96971],{"href":97516},[129,110080,110081],{},[491,110082,99977],{"href":98710},[129,110084,110085],{},[491,110086,11087],{"href":10898},[1758,110088,110089],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":110091},[110092,110093,110095,110096,110097,110098,110103,110111,110121],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":109093,"depth":79,"text":110094},"What set.remove() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":11299,"depth":79,"text":11300},{"id":109344,"depth":79,"text":109345},{"id":109449,"depth":79,"text":110099,"children":110100},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110101,110102],{"id":34621,"depth":419,"text":55156},{"id":102554,"depth":419,"text":102487},{"id":4343,"depth":79,"text":4344,"children":110104},[110105,110107,110108,110110],{"id":109686,"depth":419,"text":110106},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":109847,"depth":419,"text":109848},{"id":109984,"depth":419,"text":110109},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110005,"depth":419,"text":110006},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":110112},[110113,110115,110117,110119],{"id":110016,"depth":419,"text":110114},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110026,"depth":419,"text":110116},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110037,"depth":419,"text":110118},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110052,"depth":419,"text":110120},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":108967,"description":110122},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110129,"title":110130,"body":110131,"description":111504,"extension":1796,"meta":111505,"navigation":807,"path":111506,"seo":111507,"stem":111508,"__hash__":111509},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110132,"toc":111479},[110133,110139,110145,110148,110151,110165,110167,110248,110251,110256,110260,110274,110281,110283,110302,110305,110323,110325,110405,110407,110432,110436,110439,110447,110452,110457,110459,110472,110477,110480,110504,110507,110515,110517,110520,110617,110619,110652,110654,110680,110687,110690,110694,110702,110706,110714,110716,110806,110808,110822,110829,110834,110839,110841,110932,110934,110946,110948,110962,110968,110976,110978,111060,111062,111107,111110,111118,111121,111123,111127,111170,111172,111192,111197,111199,111284,111286,111291,111293,111300,111308,111314,111317,111319,111405,111407,111431,111435,111438,111440,111467,111477],[10,110134,95833,110136,11147],{"id":110135},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110137,110138],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110140,110141,110144],{},[15,110142,110143],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110146,110147],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110149,110150],{},"Use it when:",[126,110152,110153,110156,110162],{},[129,110154,110155],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[129,110157,110158,110159,110161],{},"you do ",[3563,110160,4457],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[129,110163,110164],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[30,110166,3425],{"id":3424},[35,110168,110170],{"className":37,"code":110169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110171,110172,110192,110212,110216,110235],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110173,110174,110176,110178,110180,110182,110184,110186,110188,110190],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110175,1070],{"class":50},[44,110177,55],{"class":54},[44,110179,10313],{"class":62},[44,110181,2807],{"class":452},[44,110183,186],{"class":62},[44,110185,2812],{"class":452},[44,110187,186],{"class":62},[44,110189,2282],{"class":452},[44,110191,9130],{"class":62},[44,110193,110194,110196,110198,110200,110202,110204,110206,110208,110210],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,110195,1089],{"class":50},[44,110197,55],{"class":54},[44,110199,10313],{"class":62},[44,110201,1894],{"class":452},[44,110203,186],{"class":62},[44,110205,2287],{"class":452},[44,110207,186],{"class":62},[44,110209,4431],{"class":452},[44,110211,9130],{"class":62},[44,110213,110214],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,110215,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,110217,110218,110220,110222,110224,110226,110229,110231,110233],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,110219,2059],{"class":50},[44,110221,55],{"class":54},[44,110223,56515],{"class":50},[44,110225,504],{"class":62},[44,110227,110228],{"class":97},"symmetric_difference",[44,110230,63],{"class":62},[44,110232,4587],{"class":97},[44,110234,76],{"class":62},[44,110236,110237,110239,110241,110243,110245],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,110238,82],{"class":58},[44,110240,63],{"class":62},[44,110242,2094],{"class":97},[44,110244,3480],{"class":62},[44,110246,110247],{"class":3483},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110249,110250],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[30,110252,113,110254,116],{"id":110253},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110255,110138],{},[20,110257,110258,449],{},[15,110259,110143],{},[126,110261,110262,110265,110268,110271],{},[129,110263,110264],{},"returns a new set",[129,110266,110267],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[129,110269,110270],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[129,110272,110273],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110275,95957,110276,497,110278,504],{},[491,110277,95961],{"href":95960},[491,110279,110280],{"href":95964},"creating a set in Python",[30,110282,250],{"id":249},[35,110284,110286],{"className":37,"code":110285,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110287,110288],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110289,110290,110292,110294,110296,110298,110300],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110291,100218],{"class":50},[44,110293,504],{"class":62},[44,110295,110228],{"class":97},[44,110297,63],{"class":62},[44,110299,100227],{"class":97},[44,110301,76],{"class":62},[20,110303,110304],{},"Notes:",[126,110306,110307,110312,110317,110320],{},[129,110308,110309,110311],{},[15,110310,100218],{}," must be a set",[129,110313,110314,110316],{},[15,110315,100227],{}," can be any iterable",[129,110318,110319],{},"the result is always a set",[129,110321,110322],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110324,145],{},[35,110326,110328],{"className":37,"code":110327,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110329,110330,110351,110372,110376,110395],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110331,110332,110335,110337,110339,110341,110343,110345,110347,110349],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110333,110334],{"class":50},"set1 ",[44,110336,55],{"class":54},[44,110338,10313],{"class":62},[44,110340,2807],{"class":452},[44,110342,186],{"class":62},[44,110344,2812],{"class":452},[44,110346,186],{"class":62},[44,110348,2282],{"class":452},[44,110350,9130],{"class":62},[44,110352,110353,110356,110358,110360,110362,110364,110366,110368,110370],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,110354,110355],{"class":50},"set2 ",[44,110357,55],{"class":54},[44,110359,10313],{"class":62},[44,110361,1894],{"class":452},[44,110363,186],{"class":62},[44,110365,2287],{"class":452},[44,110367,186],{"class":62},[44,110369,4431],{"class":452},[44,110371,9130],{"class":62},[44,110373,110374],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,110375,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,110377,110378,110380,110382,110385,110387,110389,110391,110393],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,110379,2059],{"class":50},[44,110381,55],{"class":54},[44,110383,110384],{"class":50}," set1",[44,110386,504],{"class":62},[44,110388,110228],{"class":97},[44,110390,63],{"class":62},[44,110392,100227],{"class":97},[44,110394,76],{"class":62},[44,110396,110397,110399,110401,110403],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,110398,82],{"class":58},[44,110400,63],{"class":62},[44,110402,2094],{"class":97},[44,110404,76],{"class":62},[20,110406,1031],{},[35,110408,110410],{"className":37,"code":110409,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110411,110412],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110413,110414,110416,110418,110420,110422,110424,110426,110428,110430],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110415,9100],{"class":62},[44,110417,2807],{"class":452},[44,110419,186],{"class":62},[44,110421,2812],{"class":452},[44,110423,186],{"class":62},[44,110425,2287],{"class":452},[44,110427,186],{"class":62},[44,110429,4431],{"class":452},[44,110431,9130],{"class":62},[30,110433,110435],{"id":110434},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110437,110438],{},"The result includes:",[126,110440,110441,110444],{},[129,110442,110443],{},"items only in the first set",[129,110445,110446],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110448,110449,110450,10907],{},"The result does ",[3563,110451,4457],{},[126,110453,110454],{},[129,110455,110456],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110458,5301],{},[126,110460,110461,110466],{},[129,110462,110463,110464],{},"first set: ",[15,110465,99915],{},[129,110467,110468,110469],{},"second set: ",[15,110470,110471],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110473,3873,110474,110476],{},[15,110475,1894],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110478,110479],{},"The output is:",[35,110481,110482],{"className":37,"code":110409,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,110483,110484],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110485,110486,110488,110490,110492,110494,110496,110498,110500,110502],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110487,9100],{"class":62},[44,110489,2807],{"class":452},[44,110491,186],{"class":62},[44,110493,2812],{"class":452},[44,110495,186],{"class":62},[44,110497,2287],{"class":452},[44,110499,186],{"class":62},[44,110501,4431],{"class":452},[44,110503,9130],{"class":62},[20,110505,110506],{},"Also remember:",[126,110508,110509,110512],{},[129,110510,110511],{},"sets are unordered",[129,110513,110514],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[30,110516,11300],{"id":11299},[20,110518,110519],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[35,110521,110523],{"className":37,"code":110522,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110524,110525,110557,110581,110585,110603,110607],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110526,110527,110529,110531,110533,110535,110537,110539,110541,110543,110545,110547,110549,110551,110553,110555],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110528,106658],{"class":50},[44,110530,55],{"class":54},[44,110532,10313],{"class":62},[44,110534,67],{"class":66},[44,110536,12918],{"class":70},[44,110538,67],{"class":66},[44,110540,186],{"class":62},[44,110542,1438],{"class":66},[44,110544,12935],{"class":70},[44,110546,67],{"class":66},[44,110548,186],{"class":62},[44,110550,1438],{"class":66},[44,110552,17285],{"class":70},[44,110554,67],{"class":66},[44,110556,9130],{"class":62},[44,110558,110559,110561,110563,110565,110567,110569,110571,110573,110575,110577,110579],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,110560,106691],{"class":50},[44,110562,55],{"class":54},[44,110564,10313],{"class":62},[44,110566,67],{"class":66},[44,110568,17285],{"class":70},[44,110570,67],{"class":66},[44,110572,186],{"class":62},[44,110574,1438],{"class":66},[44,110576,22352],{"class":70},[44,110578,67],{"class":66},[44,110580,9130],{"class":62},[44,110582,110583],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,110584,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,110586,110587,110589,110591,110593,110595,110597,110599,110601],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,110588,2059],{"class":50},[44,110590,55],{"class":54},[44,110592,106733],{"class":50},[44,110594,504],{"class":62},[44,110596,110228],{"class":97},[44,110598,63],{"class":62},[44,110600,106742],{"class":97},[44,110602,76],{"class":62},[44,110604,110605],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,110606,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,110608,110609,110611,110613,110615],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,110610,82],{"class":58},[44,110612,63],{"class":62},[44,110614,2094],{"class":97},[44,110616,76],{"class":62},[20,110618,1031],{},[35,110620,110622],{"className":37,"code":110621,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110623,110624],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110625,110626,110628,110630,110632,110634,110636,110638,110640,110642,110644,110646,110648,110650],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110627,9100],{"class":62},[44,110629,476],{"class":66},[44,110631,12918],{"class":70},[44,110633,476],{"class":66},[44,110635,186],{"class":62},[44,110637,470],{"class":66},[44,110639,12935],{"class":70},[44,110641,476],{"class":66},[44,110643,186],{"class":62},[44,110645,470],{"class":66},[44,110647,22352],{"class":70},[44,110649,476],{"class":66},[44,110651,9130],{"class":62},[20,110653,13235],{},[126,110655,110656,110661,110672],{},[129,110657,110658,110660],{},[15,110659,96126],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[129,110662,110663,1126,110665,110668,110669,110671],{},[15,110664,65022],{},[15,110666,110667],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110670,106795],{},", so they stay",[129,110673,110674,110676,110677,110679],{},[15,110675,109434],{}," is only in ",[15,110678,106742],{},", so it stays",[30,110681,110683,10408,110685],{"id":110682},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110684,110138],{},[15,110686,100047],{},[20,110688,110689],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,110691,110692,449],{},[15,110693,100047],{},[126,110695,110696,110699],{},[129,110697,110698],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[129,110700,110701],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,110703,110704,449],{},[15,110705,110138],{},[126,110707,110708,110711],{},[129,110709,110710],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[129,110712,110713],{},"removes shared items",[20,110715,145],{},[35,110717,110719],{"className":37,"code":110718,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110720,110721,110741,110761,110765,110786],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110722,110723,110725,110727,110729,110731,110733,110735,110737,110739],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110724,1070],{"class":50},[44,110726,55],{"class":54},[44,110728,10313],{"class":62},[44,110730,2807],{"class":452},[44,110732,186],{"class":62},[44,110734,2812],{"class":452},[44,110736,186],{"class":62},[44,110738,2282],{"class":452},[44,110740,9130],{"class":62},[44,110742,110743,110745,110747,110749,110751,110753,110755,110757,110759],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,110744,1089],{"class":50},[44,110746,55],{"class":54},[44,110748,10313],{"class":62},[44,110750,1894],{"class":452},[44,110752,186],{"class":62},[44,110754,2287],{"class":452},[44,110756,186],{"class":62},[44,110758,4431],{"class":452},[44,110760,9130],{"class":62},[44,110762,110763],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,110764,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,110766,110767,110769,110771,110773,110775,110777,110779,110781,110783],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,110768,82],{"class":58},[44,110770,63],{"class":62},[44,110772,491],{"class":97},[44,110774,504],{"class":62},[44,110776,2636],{"class":97},[44,110778,63],{"class":62},[44,110780,4587],{"class":97},[44,110782,5190],{"class":62},[44,110784,110785],{"class":3483},"            # {1, 2}\n",[44,110787,110788,110790,110792,110794,110796,110798,110800,110802,110804],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,110789,82],{"class":58},[44,110791,63],{"class":62},[44,110793,491],{"class":97},[44,110795,504],{"class":62},[44,110797,110228],{"class":97},[44,110799,63],{"class":62},[44,110801,4587],{"class":97},[44,110803,5190],{"class":62},[44,110805,110247],{"class":3483},[20,110807,18525],{},[126,110809,110810,110817],{},[129,110811,110812,110816],{},[491,110813,110814],{"href":102473},[15,110815,100047],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[129,110818,110819,110821],{},[15,110820,110138],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[30,110823,110825,10408,110827],{"id":110824},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,110826,110138],{},[15,110828,102432],{},[20,110830,110831,110833],{},[15,110832,102432],{}," combines both sets.",[20,110835,110836,110838],{},[15,110837,110138],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,110840,145],{},[35,110842,110844],{"className":37,"code":110843,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110845,110846,110866,110886,110890,110912],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110847,110848,110850,110852,110854,110856,110858,110860,110862,110864],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110849,1070],{"class":50},[44,110851,55],{"class":54},[44,110853,10313],{"class":62},[44,110855,2807],{"class":452},[44,110857,186],{"class":62},[44,110859,2812],{"class":452},[44,110861,186],{"class":62},[44,110863,2282],{"class":452},[44,110865,9130],{"class":62},[44,110867,110868,110870,110872,110874,110876,110878,110880,110882,110884],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,110869,1089],{"class":50},[44,110871,55],{"class":54},[44,110873,10313],{"class":62},[44,110875,1894],{"class":452},[44,110877,186],{"class":62},[44,110879,2287],{"class":452},[44,110881,186],{"class":62},[44,110883,4431],{"class":452},[44,110885,9130],{"class":62},[44,110887,110888],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,110889,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,110891,110892,110894,110896,110898,110900,110903,110905,110907,110909],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,110893,82],{"class":58},[44,110895,63],{"class":62},[44,110897,491],{"class":97},[44,110899,504],{"class":62},[44,110901,110902],{"class":97},"union",[44,110904,63],{"class":62},[44,110906,4587],{"class":97},[44,110908,5190],{"class":62},[44,110910,110911],{"class":3483},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[44,110913,110914,110916,110918,110920,110922,110924,110926,110928,110930],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,110915,82],{"class":58},[44,110917,63],{"class":62},[44,110919,491],{"class":97},[44,110921,504],{"class":62},[44,110923,110228],{"class":97},[44,110925,63],{"class":62},[44,110927,4587],{"class":97},[44,110929,5190],{"class":62},[44,110931,110247],{"class":3483},[20,110933,27051],{},[126,110935,110936,110941],{},[129,110937,110938,110940],{},[15,110939,102432],{}," includes everything",[129,110942,110943,110945],{},[15,110944,110138],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,110947,18525],{},[126,110949,110950,110957],{},[129,110951,110952,110956],{},[491,110953,110954],{"href":107363},[15,110955,102432],{}," when overlap does not matter",[129,110958,110959,110961],{},[15,110960,110138],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[30,110963,36438,110965,101231],{"id":110964},"using-the-operator",[15,110966,110967],{},"^",[20,110969,110970,110971,110973,110974,504],{},"For sets, the ",[15,110972,110967],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,110975,110138],{},[20,110977,145],{},[35,110979,110981],{"className":37,"code":110980,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,110982,110983,111003,111023,111027,111045],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110984,110985,110987,110989,110991,110993,110995,110997,110999,111001],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110986,110334],{"class":50},[44,110988,55],{"class":54},[44,110990,10313],{"class":62},[44,110992,2807],{"class":452},[44,110994,186],{"class":62},[44,110996,2812],{"class":452},[44,110998,186],{"class":62},[44,111000,2282],{"class":452},[44,111002,9130],{"class":62},[44,111004,111005,111007,111009,111011,111013,111015,111017,111019,111021],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,111006,110355],{"class":50},[44,111008,55],{"class":54},[44,111010,10313],{"class":62},[44,111012,1894],{"class":452},[44,111014,186],{"class":62},[44,111016,2287],{"class":452},[44,111018,186],{"class":62},[44,111020,4431],{"class":452},[44,111022,9130],{"class":62},[44,111024,111025],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,111026,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,111028,111029,111031,111033,111035,111037,111039,111041,111043],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,111030,82],{"class":58},[44,111032,63],{"class":62},[44,111034,100218],{"class":97},[44,111036,504],{"class":62},[44,111038,110228],{"class":97},[44,111040,63],{"class":62},[44,111042,100227],{"class":97},[44,111044,434],{"class":62},[44,111046,111047,111049,111051,111053,111055,111058],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,111048,82],{"class":58},[44,111050,63],{"class":62},[44,111052,110334],{"class":97},[44,111054,110967],{"class":54},[44,111056,111057],{"class":97}," set2",[44,111059,76],{"class":62},[20,111061,194],{},[35,111063,111065],{"className":37,"code":111064,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111066,111067,111087],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111068,111069,111071,111073,111075,111077,111079,111081,111083,111085],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111070,9100],{"class":62},[44,111072,2807],{"class":452},[44,111074,186],{"class":62},[44,111076,2812],{"class":452},[44,111078,186],{"class":62},[44,111080,2287],{"class":452},[44,111082,186],{"class":62},[44,111084,4431],{"class":452},[44,111086,9130],{"class":62},[44,111088,111089,111091,111093,111095,111097,111099,111101,111103,111105],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,111090,9100],{"class":62},[44,111092,2807],{"class":452},[44,111094,186],{"class":62},[44,111096,2812],{"class":452},[44,111098,186],{"class":62},[44,111100,2287],{"class":452},[44,111102,186],{"class":62},[44,111104,4431],{"class":452},[44,111106,9130],{"class":62},[20,111108,111109],{},"Both forms:",[126,111111,111112,111115],{},[129,111113,111114],{},"return a new set",[129,111116,111117],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111119,111120],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[30,111122,4344],{"id":4343},[20,111124,21040,111125,449],{},[15,111126,110138],{},[126,111128,111129,111137,111147,111162],{},[129,111130,111131,111134,111136],{},[3563,111132,111133],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9668,111135],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[129,111138,111139,111142,111144,111146],{},[3563,111140,111141],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9668,111143],{},[15,111145,110138],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[129,111148,111149,111154,111156,111158,111159,111161],{},[3563,111150,111151,111152],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111153,100047],{},[9668,111155],{},[15,111157,100047],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111160,110138],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[129,111163,111164,111167,111169],{},[3563,111165,111166],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9668,111168],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111171,58490],{},[126,111173,111174,111183,111186,111189],{},[129,111175,50117,111176,44444,111178,111182],{},[15,111177,110138],{},[491,111179,111180],{"href":107363},[15,111181,102432],{}," is actually needed",[129,111184,111185],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[129,111187,111188],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[129,111190,111191],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111193,111194,111195,504],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[491,111196,98711],{"href":104976},[20,111198,61924],{},[35,111200,111202],{"className":37,"code":111201,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111203,111204,111214,111224,111242,111256,111270],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111205,111206,111208,111210,111212],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111207,82],{"class":58},[44,111209,63],{"class":62},[44,111211,100218],{"class":97},[44,111213,76],{"class":62},[44,111215,111216,111218,111220,111222],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,111217,82],{"class":58},[44,111219,63],{"class":62},[44,111221,100227],{"class":97},[44,111223,76],{"class":62},[44,111225,111226,111228,111230,111232,111234,111236,111238,111240],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,111227,82],{"class":58},[44,111229,63],{"class":62},[44,111231,100218],{"class":97},[44,111233,504],{"class":62},[44,111235,110228],{"class":97},[44,111237,63],{"class":62},[44,111239,100227],{"class":97},[44,111241,434],{"class":62},[44,111243,111244,111246,111248,111250,111252,111254],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,111245,82],{"class":58},[44,111247,63],{"class":62},[44,111249,110334],{"class":97},[44,111251,110967],{"class":54},[44,111253,111057],{"class":97},[44,111255,76],{"class":62},[44,111257,111258,111260,111262,111264,111266,111268],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,111259,82],{"class":58},[44,111261,63],{"class":62},[44,111263,427],{"class":426},[44,111265,63],{"class":62},[44,111267,100218],{"class":97},[44,111269,434],{"class":62},[44,111271,111272,111274,111276,111278,111280,111282],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,111273,82],{"class":58},[44,111275,63],{"class":62},[44,111277,427],{"class":426},[44,111279,63],{"class":62},[44,111281,100227],{"class":97},[44,111283,434],{"class":62},[30,111285,1651],{"id":1650},[600,111287,1655,111289,102372],{"id":111288},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111290,110138],{},[20,111292,102375],{},[600,111294,5007,111296,1126,111298,213],{"id":111295},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111297,110138],{},[15,111299,100047],{},[20,111301,111302,111304,111305,111307],{},[15,111303,100047],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111306,110138],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[600,111309,28159,111311,111313],{"id":111310},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111312,110138],{}," with lists?",[20,111315,111316],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111318,145],{},[35,111320,111322],{"className":37,"code":111321,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111323,111324,111344,111364,111368,111395],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111325,111326,111328,111330,111332,111334,111336,111338,111340,111342],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111327,80288],{"class":50},[44,111329,55],{"class":54},[44,111331,3440],{"class":62},[44,111333,2807],{"class":452},[44,111335,186],{"class":62},[44,111337,2812],{"class":452},[44,111339,186],{"class":62},[44,111341,2282],{"class":452},[44,111343,3453],{"class":62},[44,111345,111346,111348,111350,111352,111354,111356,111358,111360,111362],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,111347,80309],{"class":50},[44,111349,55],{"class":54},[44,111351,3440],{"class":62},[44,111353,1894],{"class":452},[44,111355,186],{"class":62},[44,111357,2287],{"class":452},[44,111359,186],{"class":62},[44,111361,4431],{"class":452},[44,111363,3453],{"class":62},[44,111365,111366],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,111367,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,111369,111370,111372,111374,111376,111378,111381,111383,111385,111387,111389,111391,111393],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,111371,2059],{"class":50},[44,111373,55],{"class":54},[44,111375,15461],{"class":426},[44,111377,63],{"class":62},[44,111379,111380],{"class":97},"list1",[44,111382,1270],{"class":62},[44,111384,110228],{"class":97},[44,111386,63],{"class":62},[44,111388,6116],{"class":426},[44,111390,63],{"class":62},[44,111392,80575],{"class":97},[44,111394,434],{"class":62},[44,111396,111397,111399,111401,111403],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,111398,82],{"class":58},[44,111400,63],{"class":62},[44,111402,2094],{"class":97},[44,111404,76],{"class":62},[20,111406,1031],{},[35,111408,111409],{"className":37,"code":110409,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,111410,111411],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111412,111413,111415,111417,111419,111421,111423,111425,111427,111429],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111414,9100],{"class":62},[44,111416,2807],{"class":452},[44,111418,186],{"class":62},[44,111420,2812],{"class":452},[44,111422,186],{"class":62},[44,111424,2287],{"class":452},[44,111426,186],{"class":62},[44,111428,4431],{"class":452},[44,111430,9130],{"class":62},[600,111432,111434],{"id":111433},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111436,111437],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[30,111439,1719],{"id":1718},[126,111441,111442,111446,111451,111457,111463],{},[129,111443,111444],{},[491,111445,95961],{"href":95960},[129,111447,111448],{},[491,111449,111450],{"href":95964},"Creating a set in Python",[129,111452,111453],{},[491,111454,96447,111455,10564],{"href":102473},[15,111456,100047],{},[129,111458,111459],{},[491,111460,96447,111461,10564],{"href":107363},[15,111462,102432],{},[129,111464,111465],{},[491,111466,99977],{"href":104976},[20,111468,111469,111470,2018,111472,16901,111474,111476],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111471,100047],{},[15,111473,102432],{},[15,111475,110138],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1758,111478,56869],{},{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":111480},[111481,111482,111484,111485,111486,111487,111489,111491,111493,111494,111503],{"id":3424,"depth":79,"text":3425},{"id":110253,"depth":79,"text":111483},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":110434,"depth":79,"text":110435},{"id":11299,"depth":79,"text":11300},{"id":110682,"depth":79,"text":111488},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":110824,"depth":79,"text":111490},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":110964,"depth":79,"text":111492},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4343,"depth":79,"text":4344},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":111495},[111496,111498,111500,111502],{"id":111288,"depth":419,"text":111497},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111295,"depth":419,"text":111499},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111310,"depth":419,"text":111501},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111433,"depth":419,"text":111434},{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110130,"description":111504},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111511,"title":111512,"body":111513,"description":113576,"extension":1796,"meta":113577,"navigation":807,"path":107363,"seo":113578,"stem":113579,"__hash__":113580},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111514,"toc":113535},[111515,111520,111525,111528,111541,111543,111625,111630,111635,111639,111651,111654,111658,111660,111687,111689,111700,111703,111772,111774,111780,111783,111793,111795,111884,111889,111891,111898,111901,111903,111906,112026,112028,112097,112100,112117,112122,112125,112241,112243,112272,112275,112281,112286,112290,112371,112373,112401,112406,112410,112505,112507,112548,112552,112555,112622,112624,112665,112671,112686,112693,112700,112704,112710,112796,112800,112808,112879,112884,112891,112893,112899,112901,112966,112968,112984,112989,112992,113061,113065,113068,113127,113130,113134,113187,113200,113203,113256,113260,113262,113293,113296,113301,113354,113358,113361,113382,113394,113396,113449,113451,113456,113458,113464,113467,113473,113478,113482,113485,113493,113502,113504,113532],[10,111516,13,111518,11147],{"id":111517},"python-setunion-method",[15,111519,107676],{},[20,111521,111522,111524],{},[15,111523,107676],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111526,111527],{},"It is useful when you want:",[126,111529,111530,111533,111538],{},[129,111531,111532],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[129,111534,1070,111535,111537],{},[3563,111536,100402],{}," as the result",[129,111539,111540],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[30,111542,33],{"id":32},[35,111544,111546],{"className":37,"code":111545,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111547,111548,111568,111588,111592,111610,111620],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111549,111550,111552,111554,111556,111558,111560,111562,111564,111566],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111551,110334],{"class":50},[44,111553,55],{"class":54},[44,111555,10313],{"class":62},[44,111557,2807],{"class":452},[44,111559,186],{"class":62},[44,111561,2812],{"class":452},[44,111563,186],{"class":62},[44,111565,2282],{"class":452},[44,111567,9130],{"class":62},[44,111569,111570,111572,111574,111576,111578,111580,111582,111584,111586],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,111571,110355],{"class":50},[44,111573,55],{"class":54},[44,111575,10313],{"class":62},[44,111577,1894],{"class":452},[44,111579,186],{"class":62},[44,111581,2287],{"class":452},[44,111583,186],{"class":62},[44,111585,4431],{"class":452},[44,111587,9130],{"class":62},[44,111589,111590],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,111591,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,111593,111594,111596,111598,111600,111602,111604,111606,111608],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,111595,2059],{"class":50},[44,111597,55],{"class":54},[44,111599,110384],{"class":50},[44,111601,504],{"class":62},[44,111603,110902],{"class":97},[44,111605,63],{"class":62},[44,111607,100227],{"class":97},[44,111609,76],{"class":62},[44,111611,111612,111614,111616,111618],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,111613,82],{"class":58},[44,111615,63],{"class":62},[44,111617,2094],{"class":97},[44,111619,76],{"class":62},[44,111621,111622],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,111623,111624],{"class":3483},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111626,111627,111629],{},[15,111628,102432],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[30,111631,113,111633,116],{"id":111632},"what-setunion-does",[15,111634,107676],{},[20,111636,111637,449],{},[15,111638,107676],{},[126,111640,111641,111644,111647,111649],{},[129,111642,111643],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[129,111645,111646],{},"keeps only unique values",[129,111648,110264],{},[129,111650,110273],{},[20,111652,111653],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111655,95957,111656,504],{},[491,111657,95961],{"href":97132},[30,111659,250],{"id":249},[35,111661,111663],{"className":37,"code":111662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111664,111665],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111666,111667,111669,111671,111673,111675,111677,111679,111681,111683,111685],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111668,100218],{"class":50},[44,111670,504],{"class":62},[44,111672,110902],{"class":97},[44,111674,63],{"class":62},[44,111676,100227],{"class":97},[44,111678,186],{"class":62},[44,111680,100254],{"class":97},[44,111682,186],{"class":62},[44,111684,34280],{"class":58},[44,111686,76],{"class":62},[20,111688,12877],{},[126,111690,111691,111694,111697],{},[129,111692,111693],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[129,111695,111696],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[129,111698,111699],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,111701,111702],{},"Example with two sets:",[35,111704,111706],{"className":37,"code":111705,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111707,111708,111724,111740,111744,111762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111709,111710,111712,111714,111716,111718,111720,111722],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111711,1070],{"class":50},[44,111713,55],{"class":54},[44,111715,10313],{"class":62},[44,111717,2807],{"class":452},[44,111719,186],{"class":62},[44,111721,2812],{"class":452},[44,111723,9130],{"class":62},[44,111725,111726,111728,111730,111732,111734,111736,111738],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,111727,1089],{"class":50},[44,111729,55],{"class":54},[44,111731,10313],{"class":62},[44,111733,1889],{"class":452},[44,111735,186],{"class":62},[44,111737,2282],{"class":452},[44,111739,9130],{"class":62},[44,111741,111742],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,111743,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,111745,111746,111748,111750,111752,111754,111756,111758,111760],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,111747,2059],{"class":50},[44,111749,55],{"class":54},[44,111751,56515],{"class":50},[44,111753,504],{"class":62},[44,111755,110902],{"class":97},[44,111757,63],{"class":62},[44,111759,4587],{"class":97},[44,111761,76],{"class":62},[44,111763,111764,111766,111768,111770],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,111765,82],{"class":58},[44,111767,63],{"class":62},[44,111769,2094],{"class":97},[44,111771,76],{"class":62},[30,111773,21798],{"id":21797},[20,111775,111776,100399,111778,504],{},[15,111777,107676],{},[3563,111779,100402],{},[20,111781,111782],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[126,111784,111785,111788],{},[129,111786,111787],{},"the original set",[129,111789,111790,111791],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,111792,102432],{},[20,111794,145],{},[35,111796,111798],{"className":37,"code":111797,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,111799,111800,111816,111832,111836,111854,111858,111871],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111801,111802,111804,111806,111808,111810,111812,111814],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111803,1070],{"class":50},[44,111805,55],{"class":54},[44,111807,10313],{"class":62},[44,111809,2807],{"class":452},[44,111811,186],{"class":62},[44,111813,2812],{"class":452},[44,111815,9130],{"class":62},[44,111817,111818,111820,111822,111824,111826,111828,111830],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,111819,1089],{"class":50},[44,111821,55],{"class":54},[44,111823,10313],{"class":62},[44,111825,1889],{"class":452},[44,111827,186],{"class":62},[44,111829,2282],{"class":452},[44,111831,9130],{"class":62},[44,111833,111834],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,111835,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,111837,111838,111840,111842,111844,111846,111848,111850,111852],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,111839,2059],{"class":50},[44,111841,55],{"class":54},[44,111843,56515],{"class":50},[44,111845,504],{"class":62},[44,111847,110902],{"class":97},[44,111849,63],{"class":62},[44,111851,4587],{"class":97},[44,111853,76],{"class":62},[44,111855,111856],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,111857,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,111859,111860,111862,111864,111866,111868],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,111861,82],{"class":58},[44,111863,63],{"class":62},[44,111865,2094],{"class":97},[44,111867,3480],{"class":62},[44,111869,111870],{"class":3483},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[44,111872,111873,111875,111877,111879,111881],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,111874,82],{"class":58},[44,111876,63],{"class":62},[44,111878,491],{"class":97},[44,111880,3480],{"class":62},[44,111882,111883],{"class":3483},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,111885,2116,111886,111888],{},[15,111887,491],{}," did not change.",[20,111890,110506],{},[126,111892,111893,111895],{},[129,111894,110511],{},[129,111896,111897],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,111899,111900],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[30,111902,11300],{"id":11299},[20,111904,111905],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[35,111907,111909],{"className":37,"code":111908,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,111910,111911,111944,111977,111981,112001,112005,112015],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111912,111913,111916,111918,111920,111922,111924,111926,111928,111930,111932,111934,111936,111938,111940,111942],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111914,111915],{"class":50},"fruits1 ",[44,111917,55],{"class":54},[44,111919,10313],{"class":62},[44,111921,67],{"class":66},[44,111923,3903],{"class":70},[44,111925,67],{"class":66},[44,111927,186],{"class":62},[44,111929,1438],{"class":66},[44,111931,3912],{"class":70},[44,111933,67],{"class":66},[44,111935,186],{"class":62},[44,111937,1438],{"class":66},[44,111939,33046],{"class":70},[44,111941,67],{"class":66},[44,111943,9130],{"class":62},[44,111945,111946,111949,111951,111953,111955,111957,111959,111961,111963,111965,111967,111969,111971,111973,111975],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,111947,111948],{"class":50},"fruits2 ",[44,111950,55],{"class":54},[44,111952,10313],{"class":62},[44,111954,67],{"class":66},[44,111956,3912],{"class":70},[44,111958,67],{"class":66},[44,111960,186],{"class":62},[44,111962,1438],{"class":66},[44,111964,22361],{"class":70},[44,111966,67],{"class":66},[44,111968,186],{"class":62},[44,111970,1438],{"class":66},[44,111972,33046],{"class":70},[44,111974,67],{"class":66},[44,111976,9130],{"class":62},[44,111978,111979],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,111980,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,111982,111983,111985,111987,111990,111992,111994,111996,111999],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,111984,2059],{"class":50},[44,111986,55],{"class":54},[44,111988,111989],{"class":50}," fruits1",[44,111991,504],{"class":62},[44,111993,110902],{"class":97},[44,111995,63],{"class":62},[44,111997,111998],{"class":97},"fruits2",[44,112000,76],{"class":62},[44,112002,112003],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,112004,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,112006,112007,112009,112011,112013],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,112008,82],{"class":58},[44,112010,63],{"class":62},[44,112012,2094],{"class":97},[44,112014,76],{"class":62},[44,112016,112017,112019,112021,112024],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,112018,82],{"class":58},[44,112020,63],{"class":62},[44,112022,112023],{"class":97},"fruits1",[44,112025,76],{"class":62},[20,112027,194],{},[35,112029,112031],{"className":37,"code":112030,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112032,112033,112069],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112034,112035,112037,112039,112041,112043,112045,112047,112049,112051,112053,112055,112057,112059,112061,112063,112065,112067],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112036,9100],{"class":62},[44,112038,476],{"class":66},[44,112040,3912],{"class":70},[44,112042,476],{"class":66},[44,112044,186],{"class":62},[44,112046,470],{"class":66},[44,112048,33046],{"class":70},[44,112050,476],{"class":66},[44,112052,186],{"class":62},[44,112054,470],{"class":66},[44,112056,3903],{"class":70},[44,112058,476],{"class":66},[44,112060,186],{"class":62},[44,112062,470],{"class":66},[44,112064,22361],{"class":70},[44,112066,476],{"class":66},[44,112068,9130],{"class":62},[44,112070,112071,112073,112075,112077,112079,112081,112083,112085,112087,112089,112091,112093,112095],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,112072,9100],{"class":62},[44,112074,476],{"class":66},[44,112076,3912],{"class":70},[44,112078,476],{"class":66},[44,112080,186],{"class":62},[44,112082,470],{"class":66},[44,112084,33046],{"class":70},[44,112086,476],{"class":66},[44,112088,186],{"class":62},[44,112090,470],{"class":66},[44,112092,3903],{"class":70},[44,112094,476],{"class":66},[44,112096,9130],{"class":62},[20,112098,112099],{},"What this shows:",[126,112101,112102,112109,112112],{},[129,112103,112104,1126,112106,112108],{},[15,112105,64904],{},[15,112107,65331],{}," appear in both sets",[129,112110,112111],{},"they appear only once in the result",[129,112113,112114,112116],{},[15,112115,112023],{}," stays unchanged",[30,112118,8243,112120,100791],{"id":112119},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112121,102432],{},[20,112123,112124],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[35,112126,112128],{"className":37,"code":112127,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112129,112130,112146,112162,112179,112196,112200,112227,112231],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112131,112132,112134,112136,112138,112140,112142,112144],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112133,110334],{"class":50},[44,112135,55],{"class":54},[44,112137,10313],{"class":62},[44,112139,2807],{"class":452},[44,112141,186],{"class":62},[44,112143,2812],{"class":452},[44,112145,9130],{"class":62},[44,112147,112148,112150,112152,112154,112156,112158,112160],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,112149,110355],{"class":50},[44,112151,55],{"class":54},[44,112153,10313],{"class":62},[44,112155,1889],{"class":452},[44,112157,186],{"class":62},[44,112159,2282],{"class":452},[44,112161,9130],{"class":62},[44,112163,112164,112167,112169,112171,112173,112175,112177],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,112165,112166],{"class":50},"set3 ",[44,112168,55],{"class":54},[44,112170,10313],{"class":62},[44,112172,1894],{"class":452},[44,112174,186],{"class":62},[44,112176,2287],{"class":452},[44,112178,9130],{"class":62},[44,112180,112181,112184,112186,112188,112190,112192,112194],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,112182,112183],{"class":50},"set4 ",[44,112185,55],{"class":54},[44,112187,10313],{"class":62},[44,112189,1125],{"class":452},[44,112191,186],{"class":62},[44,112193,4431],{"class":452},[44,112195,9130],{"class":62},[44,112197,112198],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,112199,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,112201,112202,112204,112206,112208,112210,112212,112214,112216,112218,112220,112222,112225],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,112203,2059],{"class":50},[44,112205,55],{"class":54},[44,112207,110384],{"class":50},[44,112209,504],{"class":62},[44,112211,110902],{"class":97},[44,112213,63],{"class":62},[44,112215,100227],{"class":97},[44,112217,186],{"class":62},[44,112219,100254],{"class":97},[44,112221,186],{"class":62},[44,112223,112224],{"class":97}," set4",[44,112226,76],{"class":62},[44,112228,112229],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,112230,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,112232,112233,112235,112237,112239],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,112234,82],{"class":58},[44,112236,63],{"class":62},[44,112238,2094],{"class":97},[44,112240,76],{"class":62},[20,112242,194],{},[35,112244,112246],{"className":37,"code":112245,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112247,112248],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112249,112250,112252,112254,112256,112258,112260,112262,112264,112266,112268,112270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112251,9100],{"class":62},[44,112253,2807],{"class":452},[44,112255,186],{"class":62},[44,112257,2812],{"class":452},[44,112259,186],{"class":62},[44,112261,2282],{"class":452},[44,112263,186],{"class":62},[44,112265,2287],{"class":452},[44,112267,186],{"class":62},[44,112269,4431],{"class":452},[44,112271,9130],{"class":62},[20,112273,112274],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[30,112276,8243,112278,112280],{"id":112277},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112279,102432],{}," with other iterables",[20,112282,112283,112285],{},[15,112284,102432],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[600,112287,112289],{"id":112288},"with-a-list","With a list",[35,112291,112293],{"className":37,"code":112292,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112294,112295,112315,112339,112343,112361],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112296,112297,112299,112301,112303,112305,112307,112309,112311,112313],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112298,3435],{"class":50},[44,112300,55],{"class":54},[44,112302,10313],{"class":62},[44,112304,2807],{"class":452},[44,112306,186],{"class":62},[44,112308,2812],{"class":452},[44,112310,186],{"class":62},[44,112312,2282],{"class":452},[44,112314,9130],{"class":62},[44,112316,112317,112319,112321,112323,112325,112327,112329,112331,112333,112335,112337],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,112318,60676],{"class":50},[44,112320,55],{"class":54},[44,112322,3440],{"class":62},[44,112324,1894],{"class":452},[44,112326,186],{"class":62},[44,112328,2287],{"class":452},[44,112330,186],{"class":62},[44,112332,4431],{"class":452},[44,112334,186],{"class":62},[44,112336,4431],{"class":452},[44,112338,3453],{"class":62},[44,112340,112341],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,112342,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,112344,112345,112347,112349,112351,112353,112355,112357,112359],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,112346,2059],{"class":50},[44,112348,55],{"class":54},[44,112350,4088],{"class":50},[44,112352,504],{"class":62},[44,112354,110902],{"class":97},[44,112356,63],{"class":62},[44,112358,60705],{"class":97},[44,112360,76],{"class":62},[44,112362,112363,112365,112367,112369],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,112364,82],{"class":58},[44,112366,63],{"class":62},[44,112368,2094],{"class":97},[44,112370,76],{"class":62},[20,112372,194],{},[35,112374,112375],{"className":37,"code":112245,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,112376,112377],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112378,112379,112381,112383,112385,112387,112389,112391,112393,112395,112397,112399],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112380,9100],{"class":62},[44,112382,2807],{"class":452},[44,112384,186],{"class":62},[44,112386,2812],{"class":452},[44,112388,186],{"class":62},[44,112390,2282],{"class":452},[44,112392,186],{"class":62},[44,112394,2287],{"class":452},[44,112396,186],{"class":62},[44,112398,4431],{"class":452},[44,112400,9130],{"class":62},[20,112402,20806,112403,112405],{},[15,112404,1129],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[600,112407,112409],{"id":112408},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[35,112411,112413],{"className":37,"code":112412,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112414,112415,112439,112472,112476,112495],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112416,112417,112419,112421,112423,112425,112427,112429,112431,112433,112435,112437],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112418,35915],{"class":50},[44,112420,55],{"class":54},[44,112422,10313],{"class":62},[44,112424,67],{"class":66},[44,112426,491],{"class":70},[44,112428,67],{"class":66},[44,112430,186],{"class":62},[44,112432,1438],{"class":66},[44,112434,4587],{"class":70},[44,112436,67],{"class":66},[44,112438,9130],{"class":62},[44,112440,112441,112444,112446,112448,112450,112452,112454,112456,112458,112460,112462,112464,112466,112468,112470],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,112442,112443],{"class":50},"more_letters ",[44,112445,55],{"class":54},[44,112447,9058],{"class":62},[44,112449,67],{"class":66},[44,112451,4587],{"class":70},[44,112453,67],{"class":66},[44,112455,186],{"class":62},[44,112457,1438],{"class":66},[44,112459,9561],{"class":70},[44,112461,67],{"class":66},[44,112463,186],{"class":62},[44,112465,1438],{"class":66},[44,112467,18598],{"class":70},[44,112469,67],{"class":66},[44,112471,76],{"class":62},[44,112473,112474],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,112475,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,112477,112478,112480,112482,112484,112486,112488,112490,112493],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,112479,2059],{"class":50},[44,112481,55],{"class":54},[44,112483,69726],{"class":50},[44,112485,504],{"class":62},[44,112487,110902],{"class":97},[44,112489,63],{"class":62},[44,112491,112492],{"class":97},"more_letters",[44,112494,76],{"class":62},[44,112496,112497,112499,112501,112503],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,112498,82],{"class":58},[44,112500,63],{"class":62},[44,112502,2094],{"class":97},[44,112504,76],{"class":62},[20,112506,194],{},[35,112508,112510],{"className":37,"code":112509,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112511,112512],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112513,112514,112516,112518,112520,112522,112524,112526,112528,112530,112532,112534,112536,112538,112540,112542,112544,112546],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112515,9100],{"class":62},[44,112517,476],{"class":66},[44,112519,491],{"class":70},[44,112521,476],{"class":66},[44,112523,186],{"class":62},[44,112525,470],{"class":66},[44,112527,4587],{"class":70},[44,112529,476],{"class":66},[44,112531,186],{"class":62},[44,112533,470],{"class":66},[44,112535,9561],{"class":70},[44,112537,476],{"class":66},[44,112539,186],{"class":62},[44,112541,470],{"class":66},[44,112543,18598],{"class":70},[44,112545,476],{"class":66},[44,112547,9130],{"class":62},[600,112549,112551],{"id":112550},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112553,112554],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[35,112556,112558],{"className":37,"code":112557,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112559,112560,112585,112608,112612],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112561,112562,112565,112567,112569,112571,112573,112575,112577,112579,112581,112583],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112563,112564],{"class":50},"chars ",[44,112566,55],{"class":54},[44,112568,10313],{"class":62},[44,112570,67],{"class":66},[44,112572,491],{"class":70},[44,112574,67],{"class":66},[44,112576,186],{"class":62},[44,112578,1438],{"class":66},[44,112580,4587],{"class":70},[44,112582,67],{"class":66},[44,112584,9130],{"class":62},[44,112586,112587,112589,112591,112594,112596,112598,112600,112602,112604,112606],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,112588,2059],{"class":50},[44,112590,55],{"class":54},[44,112592,112593],{"class":50}," chars",[44,112595,504],{"class":62},[44,112597,110902],{"class":97},[44,112599,63],{"class":62},[44,112601,67],{"class":66},[44,112603,36873],{"class":70},[44,112605,67],{"class":66},[44,112607,76],{"class":62},[44,112609,112610],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,112611,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,112613,112614,112616,112618,112620],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,112615,82],{"class":58},[44,112617,63],{"class":62},[44,112619,2094],{"class":97},[44,112621,76],{"class":62},[20,112623,194],{},[35,112625,112627],{"className":37,"code":112626,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112628,112629],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112630,112631,112633,112635,112637,112639,112641,112643,112645,112647,112649,112651,112653,112655,112657,112659,112661,112663],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112632,9100],{"class":62},[44,112634,476],{"class":66},[44,112636,491],{"class":70},[44,112638,476],{"class":66},[44,112640,186],{"class":62},[44,112642,470],{"class":66},[44,112644,4587],{"class":70},[44,112646,476],{"class":66},[44,112648,186],{"class":62},[44,112650,470],{"class":66},[44,112652,9561],{"class":70},[44,112654,476],{"class":66},[44,112656,186],{"class":62},[44,112658,470],{"class":66},[44,112660,62916],{"class":70},[44,112662,476],{"class":66},[44,112664,9130],{"class":62},[20,112666,22017,112667,112670],{},[15,112668,112669],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[126,112672,112673,112677,112681],{},[129,112674,112675],{},[15,112676,66111],{},[129,112678,112679],{},[15,112680,17926],{},[129,112682,112683],{},[15,112684,112685],{},"\"t\"",[30,112687,112689,10408,112691],{"id":112688},"union-vs-update",[15,112690,102432],{},[15,112692,14781],{},[20,112694,112695,1126,112697,112699],{},[15,112696,102432],{},[15,112698,14781],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[600,112701,112702],{"id":110902},[15,112703,102432],{},[126,112705,112706,112708],{},[129,112707,110264],{},[129,112709,110273],{},[35,112711,112712],{"className":37,"code":111797,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,112713,112714,112730,112746,112750,112768,112772,112784],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112715,112716,112718,112720,112722,112724,112726,112728],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112717,1070],{"class":50},[44,112719,55],{"class":54},[44,112721,10313],{"class":62},[44,112723,2807],{"class":452},[44,112725,186],{"class":62},[44,112727,2812],{"class":452},[44,112729,9130],{"class":62},[44,112731,112732,112734,112736,112738,112740,112742,112744],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,112733,1089],{"class":50},[44,112735,55],{"class":54},[44,112737,10313],{"class":62},[44,112739,1889],{"class":452},[44,112741,186],{"class":62},[44,112743,2282],{"class":452},[44,112745,9130],{"class":62},[44,112747,112748],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,112749,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,112751,112752,112754,112756,112758,112760,112762,112764,112766],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,112753,2059],{"class":50},[44,112755,55],{"class":54},[44,112757,56515],{"class":50},[44,112759,504],{"class":62},[44,112761,110902],{"class":97},[44,112763,63],{"class":62},[44,112765,4587],{"class":97},[44,112767,76],{"class":62},[44,112769,112770],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,112771,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,112773,112774,112776,112778,112780,112782],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,112775,82],{"class":58},[44,112777,63],{"class":62},[44,112779,2094],{"class":97},[44,112781,3480],{"class":62},[44,112783,111870],{"class":3483},[44,112785,112786,112788,112790,112792,112794],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,112787,82],{"class":58},[44,112789,63],{"class":62},[44,112791,491],{"class":97},[44,112793,3480],{"class":62},[44,112795,111883],{"class":3483},[600,112797,112798],{"id":30291},[15,112799,14781],{},[126,112801,112802,112805],{},[129,112803,112804],{},"changes the existing set in place",[129,112806,112807],{},"does not create a separate result set",[35,112809,112811],{"className":37,"code":112810,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,112812,112813,112829,112845,112849,112863,112867],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112814,112815,112817,112819,112821,112823,112825,112827],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112816,1070],{"class":50},[44,112818,55],{"class":54},[44,112820,10313],{"class":62},[44,112822,2807],{"class":452},[44,112824,186],{"class":62},[44,112826,2812],{"class":452},[44,112828,9130],{"class":62},[44,112830,112831,112833,112835,112837,112839,112841,112843],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,112832,1089],{"class":50},[44,112834,55],{"class":54},[44,112836,10313],{"class":62},[44,112838,1889],{"class":452},[44,112840,186],{"class":62},[44,112842,2282],{"class":452},[44,112844,9130],{"class":62},[44,112846,112847],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,112848,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,112850,112851,112853,112855,112857,112859,112861],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,112852,491],{"class":50},[44,112854,504],{"class":62},[44,112856,30291],{"class":97},[44,112858,63],{"class":62},[44,112860,4587],{"class":97},[44,112862,76],{"class":62},[44,112864,112865],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,112866,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,112868,112869,112871,112873,112875,112877],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,112870,82],{"class":58},[44,112872,63],{"class":62},[44,112874,491],{"class":97},[44,112876,3480],{"class":62},[44,112878,111870],{"class":3483},[20,112880,103,112881,112883],{},[15,112882,102432],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,112885,112886,112887,504],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[491,112888,13,112889,10564],{"href":98152},[15,112890,96947],{},[30,112892,4344],{"id":4343},[600,112894,8279,112896,112898],{"id":112895},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,112897,102432],{}," to change the original set",[20,112900,81457],{},[35,112902,112904],{"className":37,"code":112903,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112905,112906,112922,112938,112942,112956],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112907,112908,112910,112912,112914,112916,112918,112920],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112909,1070],{"class":50},[44,112911,55],{"class":54},[44,112913,10313],{"class":62},[44,112915,2807],{"class":452},[44,112917,186],{"class":62},[44,112919,2812],{"class":452},[44,112921,9130],{"class":62},[44,112923,112924,112926,112928,112930,112932,112934,112936],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,112925,1089],{"class":50},[44,112927,55],{"class":54},[44,112929,10313],{"class":62},[44,112931,1889],{"class":452},[44,112933,186],{"class":62},[44,112935,2282],{"class":452},[44,112937,9130],{"class":62},[44,112939,112940],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,112941,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,112943,112944,112946,112948,112950,112952,112954],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,112945,491],{"class":50},[44,112947,504],{"class":62},[44,112949,110902],{"class":97},[44,112951,63],{"class":62},[44,112953,4587],{"class":97},[44,112955,76],{"class":62},[44,112957,112958,112960,112962,112964],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,112959,82],{"class":58},[44,112961,63],{"class":62},[44,112963,491],{"class":97},[44,112965,76],{"class":62},[20,112967,1031],{},[35,112969,112970],{"className":37,"code":100140,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,112971,112972],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112973,112974,112976,112978,112980,112982],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112975,9100],{"class":62},[44,112977,2807],{"class":452},[44,112979,186],{"class":62},[44,112981,2812],{"class":452},[44,112983,9130],{"class":62},[20,112985,8322,112986,112988],{},[15,112987,102432],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,112990,112991],{},"Fix it like this:",[35,112993,112995],{"className":37,"code":112994,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112996,112997,113013,113029,113033,113051],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112998,112999,113001,113003,113005,113007,113009,113011],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113000,1070],{"class":50},[44,113002,55],{"class":54},[44,113004,10313],{"class":62},[44,113006,2807],{"class":452},[44,113008,186],{"class":62},[44,113010,2812],{"class":452},[44,113012,9130],{"class":62},[44,113014,113015,113017,113019,113021,113023,113025,113027],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,113016,1089],{"class":50},[44,113018,55],{"class":54},[44,113020,10313],{"class":62},[44,113022,1889],{"class":452},[44,113024,186],{"class":62},[44,113026,2282],{"class":452},[44,113028,9130],{"class":62},[44,113030,113031],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,113032,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,113034,113035,113037,113039,113041,113043,113045,113047,113049],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,113036,1070],{"class":50},[44,113038,55],{"class":54},[44,113040,56515],{"class":50},[44,113042,504],{"class":62},[44,113044,110902],{"class":97},[44,113046,63],{"class":62},[44,113048,4587],{"class":97},[44,113050,76],{"class":62},[44,113052,113053,113055,113057,113059],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,113054,82],{"class":58},[44,113056,63],{"class":62},[44,113058,491],{"class":97},[44,113060,76],{"class":62},[600,113062,113064],{"id":113063},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113066,113067],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[35,113069,113071],{"className":37,"code":113070,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113072,113073,113089,113105,113109],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113074,113075,113077,113079,113081,113083,113085,113087],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113076,1070],{"class":50},[44,113078,55],{"class":54},[44,113080,10313],{"class":62},[44,113082,1894],{"class":452},[44,113084,186],{"class":62},[44,113086,711],{"class":452},[44,113088,9130],{"class":62},[44,113090,113091,113093,113095,113097,113099,113101,113103],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,113092,1089],{"class":50},[44,113094,55],{"class":54},[44,113096,10313],{"class":62},[44,113098,1889],{"class":452},[44,113100,186],{"class":62},[44,113102,2287],{"class":452},[44,113104,9130],{"class":62},[44,113106,113107],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,113108,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,113110,113111,113113,113115,113117,113119,113121,113123,113125],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,113112,82],{"class":58},[44,113114,63],{"class":62},[44,113116,491],{"class":97},[44,113118,504],{"class":62},[44,113120,110902],{"class":97},[44,113122,63],{"class":62},[44,113124,4587],{"class":97},[44,113126,434],{"class":62},[20,113128,113129],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[600,113131,113133],{"id":113132},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[35,113135,113137],{"className":37,"code":113136,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113138,113139,113155,113177],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113140,113141,113143,113145,113147,113149,113151,113153],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113142,3894],{"class":50},[44,113144,55],{"class":54},[44,113146,10313],{"class":62},[44,113148,67],{"class":66},[44,113150,57755],{"class":70},[44,113152,67],{"class":66},[44,113154,9130],{"class":62},[44,113156,113157,113159,113161,113163,113165,113167,113169,113171,113173,113175],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,113158,2059],{"class":50},[44,113160,55],{"class":54},[44,113162,5997],{"class":50},[44,113164,504],{"class":62},[44,113166,110902],{"class":97},[44,113168,63],{"class":62},[44,113170,67],{"class":66},[44,113172,36873],{"class":70},[44,113174,67],{"class":66},[44,113176,76],{"class":62},[44,113178,113179,113181,113183,113185],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,113180,82],{"class":58},[44,113182,63],{"class":62},[44,113184,2094],{"class":97},[44,113186,76],{"class":62},[20,113188,113189,113190,2018,113192,16901,113194,113196,113197,113199],{},"This adds ",[15,113191,66111],{},[15,113193,17926],{},[15,113195,112685],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113198,112669],{}," as one item.",[20,113201,113202],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[35,113204,113206],{"className":37,"code":113205,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113207,113208,113224,113246],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113209,113210,113212,113214,113216,113218,113220,113222],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113211,3894],{"class":50},[44,113213,55],{"class":54},[44,113215,10313],{"class":62},[44,113217,67],{"class":66},[44,113219,57755],{"class":70},[44,113221,67],{"class":66},[44,113223,9130],{"class":62},[44,113225,113226,113228,113230,113232,113234,113236,113238,113240,113242,113244],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,113227,2059],{"class":50},[44,113229,55],{"class":54},[44,113231,5997],{"class":50},[44,113233,504],{"class":62},[44,113235,110902],{"class":97},[44,113237,2804],{"class":62},[44,113239,67],{"class":66},[44,113241,36873],{"class":70},[44,113243,67],{"class":66},[44,113245,3711],{"class":62},[44,113247,113248,113250,113252,113254],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,113249,82],{"class":58},[44,113251,63],{"class":62},[44,113253,2094],{"class":97},[44,113255,76],{"class":62},[600,113257,113259],{"id":113258},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113261,2660],{},[35,113263,113265],{"className":37,"code":113264,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113266,113267],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113268,113269,113271,113273,113275,113277,113279,113281,113283,113285,113287,113289,113291],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113270,15456],{"class":50},[44,113272,55],{"class":54},[44,113274,10313],{"class":62},[44,113276,2807],{"class":452},[44,113278,186],{"class":62},[44,113280,2812],{"class":452},[44,113282,186],{"class":62},[44,113284,3440],{"class":62},[44,113286,1894],{"class":452},[44,113288,186],{"class":62},[44,113290,2287],{"class":452},[44,113292,13532],{"class":62},[20,113294,113295],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113297,113298,113299,449],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113300,102432],{},[35,113302,113304],{"className":37,"code":113303,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113305,113306,113322,113344],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113307,113308,113310,113312,113314,113316,113318,113320],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113309,15456],{"class":50},[44,113311,55],{"class":54},[44,113313,10313],{"class":62},[44,113315,2807],{"class":452},[44,113317,186],{"class":62},[44,113319,2812],{"class":452},[44,113321,9130],{"class":62},[44,113323,113324,113326,113328,113330,113332,113334,113336,113338,113340,113342],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,113325,2059],{"class":50},[44,113327,55],{"class":54},[44,113329,96557],{"class":50},[44,113331,504],{"class":62},[44,113333,110902],{"class":97},[44,113335,2804],{"class":62},[44,113337,1894],{"class":452},[44,113339,186],{"class":62},[44,113341,2287],{"class":452},[44,113343,3711],{"class":62},[44,113345,113346,113348,113350,113352],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,113347,82],{"class":58},[44,113349,63],{"class":62},[44,113351,2094],{"class":97},[44,113353,76],{"class":62},[30,113355,113357],{"id":113356},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113359,113360],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[126,113362,113363,113369,113376,113379],{},[129,113364,113365,113366,113368],{},"call ",[15,113367,102432],{}," without saving the returned set",[129,113370,113371,113372,8529,113374],{},"confuse ",[15,113373,102432],{},[15,113375,14781],{},[129,113377,113378],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[129,113380,113381],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113383,113384,113385,1126,113389,504],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[491,113386,13,113387,10564],{"href":102421},[15,113388,106206],{},[491,113390,13,113392,10564],{"href":113391},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113393,100052],{},[20,113395,61924],{},[35,113397,113399],{"className":37,"code":113398,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113400,113401,113411,113425,113435],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113402,113403,113405,113407,113409],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113404,82],{"class":58},[44,113406,63],{"class":62},[44,113408,15494],{"class":97},[44,113410,76],{"class":62},[44,113412,113413,113415,113417,113419,113421,113423],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,113414,82],{"class":58},[44,113416,63],{"class":62},[44,113418,427],{"class":426},[44,113420,63],{"class":62},[44,113422,15494],{"class":97},[44,113424,434],{"class":62},[44,113426,113427,113429,113431,113433],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,113428,82],{"class":58},[44,113430,63],{"class":62},[44,113432,2094],{"class":97},[44,113434,76],{"class":62},[44,113436,113437,113439,113441,113443,113445,113447],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,113438,31978],{"class":58},[44,113440,63],{"class":62},[44,113442,6116],{"class":426},[44,113444,504],{"class":62},[44,113446,110902],{"class":24579},[44,113448,76],{"class":62},[30,113450,1651],{"id":1650},[600,113452,1655,113454,102372],{"id":113453},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113455,107676],{},[20,113457,102375],{},[600,113459,4997,113461,113463],{"id":113460},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113462,102432],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113465,113466],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[600,113468,28159,113470,113472],{"id":113469},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113471,102432],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113474,41968,113475,113477],{},[15,113476,102432],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[600,113479,113481],{"id":113480},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113483,113484],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[600,113486,5007,113488,1126,113490,213],{"id":113487},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113489,102432],{},[15,113491,113492],{},"|",[20,113494,113495,113496,113498,113499,113501],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113497,113492],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113500,102432],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[30,113503,1719],{"id":1718},[126,113505,113506,113510,113516,113522,113528],{},[129,113507,113508],{},[491,113509,95961],{"href":97132},[129,113511,113512],{},[491,113513,13,113514,10564],{"href":98152},[15,113515,96947],{},[129,113517,113518],{},[491,113519,13,113520,10564],{"href":102421},[15,113521,106206],{},[129,113523,113524],{},[491,113525,13,113526,10564],{"href":113391},[15,113527,100052],{},[129,113529,113530],{},[491,113531,99977],{"href":98710},[1758,113533,113534],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":113536},[113537,113538,113540,113541,113542,113543,113545,113551,113556,113563,113564,113575],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":111632,"depth":79,"text":113539},"What set.union() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":21797,"depth":79,"text":21798},{"id":11299,"depth":79,"text":11300},{"id":112119,"depth":79,"text":113544},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112277,"depth":79,"text":113546,"children":113547},"Using union() with other iterables",[113548,113549,113550],{"id":112288,"depth":419,"text":112289},{"id":112408,"depth":419,"text":112409},{"id":112550,"depth":419,"text":112551},{"id":112688,"depth":79,"text":113552,"children":113553},"union() vs update()",[113554,113555],{"id":110902,"depth":419,"text":102432},{"id":30291,"depth":419,"text":14781},{"id":4343,"depth":79,"text":4344,"children":113557},[113558,113560,113561,113562],{"id":112895,"depth":419,"text":113559},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113063,"depth":419,"text":113064},{"id":113132,"depth":419,"text":113133},{"id":113258,"depth":419,"text":113259},{"id":113356,"depth":79,"text":113357},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":113565},[113566,113568,113570,113572,113573],{"id":113453,"depth":419,"text":113567},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113460,"depth":419,"text":113569},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113469,"depth":419,"text":113571},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113480,"depth":419,"text":113481},{"id":113487,"depth":419,"text":113574},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111512,"description":113576},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113582,"title":113583,"body":113584,"description":115473,"extension":1796,"meta":115474,"navigation":807,"path":96446,"seo":115475,"stem":115476,"__hash__":115477},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113585,"toc":115439},[113586,113591,113596,113604,113606,113664,113669,113674,113678,113690,113693,113767,113772,113774,113776,113795,113797,113814,113817,113844,113846,113916,113920,113922,113928,113930,113991,113996,113998,114055,114059,114064,114129,114131,114151,114158,114162,114167,114252,114255,114262,114365,114369,114374,114432,114435,114446,114460,114467,114525,114532,114535,114545,114549,114607,114611,114677,114680,114738,114745,114752,114755,114759,114768,114837,114841,114847,114935,114945,114949,114953,114957,114960,115021,115026,115083,115087,115089,115124,115131,115133,115187,115194,115198,115201,115266,115275,115281,115338,115340,115345,115349,115353,115356,115363,115371,115375,115380,115384,115390,115392,115427,115436],[10,113587,95833,113589,11147],{"id":113588},"python-set-update-method",[15,113590,14781],{},[20,113592,113593,113595],{},[15,113594,96947],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113597,113598,113599,113603],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[491,113600,113601],{"href":98133},[15,113602,95841],{},", which adds only one item.",[30,113605,3425],{"id":3424},[35,113607,113609],{"className":37,"code":113608,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113610,113611,113627,113649,113659],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113612,113613,113615,113617,113619,113621,113623,113625],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113614,3435],{"class":50},[44,113616,55],{"class":54},[44,113618,10313],{"class":62},[44,113620,2807],{"class":452},[44,113622,186],{"class":62},[44,113624,2812],{"class":452},[44,113626,9130],{"class":62},[44,113628,113629,113631,113633,113635,113637,113639,113641,113643,113645,113647],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,113630,3467],{"class":50},[44,113632,504],{"class":62},[44,113634,30291],{"class":97},[44,113636,2804],{"class":62},[44,113638,1889],{"class":452},[44,113640,186],{"class":62},[44,113642,2282],{"class":452},[44,113644,186],{"class":62},[44,113646,2287],{"class":452},[44,113648,3711],{"class":62},[44,113650,113651,113653,113655,113657],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,113652,82],{"class":58},[44,113654,63],{"class":62},[44,113656,3467],{"class":97},[44,113658,76],{"class":62},[44,113660,113661],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,113662,113663],{"class":3483},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113665,103,113666,113668],{},[15,113667,14781],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[30,113670,113,113672,116],{"id":113671},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113673,96947],{},[20,113675,113676,449],{},[15,113677,96947],{},[126,113679,113680,113683,113685,113688],{},[129,113681,113682],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[129,113684,95948],{},[129,113686,113687],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[129,113689,95951],{},[20,113691,113692],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[35,113694,113696],{"className":37,"code":113695,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113697,113698,113722,113748,113752,113762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113699,113700,113702,113704,113706,113708,113710,113712,113714,113716,113718,113720],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113701,12901],{"class":50},[44,113703,55],{"class":54},[44,113705,10313],{"class":62},[44,113707,67],{"class":66},[44,113709,12918],{"class":70},[44,113711,67],{"class":66},[44,113713,186],{"class":62},[44,113715,1438],{"class":66},[44,113717,12935],{"class":70},[44,113719,67],{"class":66},[44,113721,9130],{"class":62},[44,113723,113724,113726,113728,113730,113732,113734,113736,113738,113740,113742,113744,113746],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,113725,17332],{"class":50},[44,113727,504],{"class":62},[44,113729,30291],{"class":97},[44,113731,2804],{"class":62},[44,113733,67],{"class":66},[44,113735,12935],{"class":70},[44,113737,67],{"class":66},[44,113739,186],{"class":62},[44,113741,1438],{"class":66},[44,113743,17285],{"class":70},[44,113745,67],{"class":66},[44,113747,3711],{"class":62},[44,113749,113750],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,113751,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,113753,113754,113756,113758,113760],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,113755,82],{"class":58},[44,113757,63],{"class":62},[44,113759,17332],{"class":97},[44,113761,76],{"class":62},[44,113763,113764],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,113765,113766],{"class":3483},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,113768,20806,113769,113771],{},[15,113770,110667],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[30,113773,250],{"id":249},[20,113775,253],{},[35,113777,113779],{"className":37,"code":113778,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,113780,113781],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113782,113783,113785,113787,113789,113791,113793],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113784,15494],{"class":50},[44,113786,504],{"class":62},[44,113788,30291],{"class":97},[44,113790,63],{"class":62},[44,113792,3540],{"class":97},[44,113794,76],{"class":62},[20,113796,79833],{},[126,113798,113799,113802,113805,113808,113811],{},[129,113800,113801],{},"A list",[129,113803,113804],{},"A tuple",[129,113806,113807],{},"Another set",[129,113809,113810],{},"A string",[129,113812,113813],{},"Any other iterable",[20,113815,113816],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[35,113818,113820],{"className":37,"code":113819,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,113821,113822],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113823,113824,113826,113828,113830,113832,113834,113836,113838,113840,113842],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113825,15494],{"class":50},[44,113827,504],{"class":62},[44,113829,30291],{"class":97},[44,113831,63],{"class":62},[44,113833,491],{"class":97},[44,113835,186],{"class":62},[44,113837,1117],{"class":97},[44,113839,186],{"class":62},[44,113841,9503],{"class":97},[44,113843,76],{"class":62},[20,113845,145],{},[35,113847,113849],{"className":37,"code":113848,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,113850,113851,113863,113897,113901,113911],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113852,113853,113855,113857,113859,113861],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113854,3644],{"class":50},[44,113856,55],{"class":54},[44,113858,10313],{"class":62},[44,113860,2807],{"class":452},[44,113862,9130],{"class":62},[44,113864,113865,113867,113869,113871,113873,113875,113877,113879,113881,113883,113885,113887,113889,113891,113893,113895],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,113866,5187],{"class":50},[44,113868,504],{"class":62},[44,113870,30291],{"class":97},[44,113872,2804],{"class":62},[44,113874,1889],{"class":452},[44,113876,186],{"class":62},[44,113878,2282],{"class":452},[44,113880,17892],{"class":62},[44,113882,9058],{"class":62},[44,113884,1125],{"class":452},[44,113886,186],{"class":62},[44,113888,4431],{"class":452},[44,113890,9055],{"class":62},[44,113892,10313],{"class":62},[44,113894,80224],{"class":452},[44,113896,30323],{"class":62},[44,113898,113899],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,113900,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,113902,113903,113905,113907,113909],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,113904,82],{"class":58},[44,113906,63],{"class":62},[44,113908,5187],{"class":97},[44,113910,76],{"class":62},[44,113912,113913],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,113914,113915],{"class":3483},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,113917,95957,113918,504],{},[491,113919,95965],{"href":97516},[30,113921,21798],{"id":21797},[20,113923,113924,2228,113926,504],{},[15,113925,96947],{},[15,113927,3599],{},[20,113929,11539],{},[35,113931,113933],{"className":37,"code":113932,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,113934,113935,113951,113973,113977,113987],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113936,113937,113939,113941,113943,113945,113947,113949],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113938,3435],{"class":50},[44,113940,55],{"class":54},[44,113942,10313],{"class":62},[44,113944,2807],{"class":452},[44,113946,186],{"class":62},[44,113948,2812],{"class":452},[44,113950,9130],{"class":62},[44,113952,113953,113955,113957,113959,113961,113963,113965,113967,113969,113971],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,113954,2059],{"class":50},[44,113956,55],{"class":54},[44,113958,4088],{"class":50},[44,113960,504],{"class":62},[44,113962,30291],{"class":97},[44,113964,2804],{"class":62},[44,113966,1894],{"class":452},[44,113968,186],{"class":62},[44,113970,2287],{"class":452},[44,113972,3711],{"class":62},[44,113974,113975],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,113976,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,113978,113979,113981,113983,113985],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,113980,82],{"class":58},[44,113982,63],{"class":62},[44,113984,2094],{"class":97},[44,113986,76],{"class":62},[44,113988,113989],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,113990,61460],{"class":3483},[20,113992,113993,113994,504],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,113995,2094],{},[20,113997,18798],{},[35,113999,114001],{"className":37,"code":114000,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114002,114003,114019,114037,114041,114051],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114004,114005,114007,114009,114011,114013,114015,114017],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114006,3435],{"class":50},[44,114008,55],{"class":54},[44,114010,10313],{"class":62},[44,114012,2807],{"class":452},[44,114014,186],{"class":62},[44,114016,2812],{"class":452},[44,114018,9130],{"class":62},[44,114020,114021,114023,114025,114027,114029,114031,114033,114035],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,114022,3467],{"class":50},[44,114024,504],{"class":62},[44,114026,30291],{"class":97},[44,114028,2804],{"class":62},[44,114030,1894],{"class":452},[44,114032,186],{"class":62},[44,114034,2287],{"class":452},[44,114036,3711],{"class":62},[44,114038,114039],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,114040,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,114042,114043,114045,114047,114049],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,114044,82],{"class":58},[44,114046,63],{"class":62},[44,114048,3467],{"class":97},[44,114050,76],{"class":62},[44,114052,114053],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,114054,113663],{"class":3483},[30,114056,114058],{"id":114057},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114060,114061,114062,504],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114063,14781],{},[35,114065,114067],{"className":37,"code":114066,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114068,114069,114085,114111,114115,114125],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114070,114071,114073,114075,114077,114079,114081,114083],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114072,3435],{"class":50},[44,114074,55],{"class":54},[44,114076,10313],{"class":62},[44,114078,2807],{"class":452},[44,114080,186],{"class":62},[44,114082,2812],{"class":452},[44,114084,9130],{"class":62},[44,114086,114087,114089,114091,114093,114095,114097,114099,114101,114103,114105,114107,114109],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,114088,3467],{"class":50},[44,114090,504],{"class":62},[44,114092,30291],{"class":97},[44,114094,2804],{"class":62},[44,114096,1889],{"class":452},[44,114098,186],{"class":62},[44,114100,2282],{"class":452},[44,114102,186],{"class":62},[44,114104,2287],{"class":452},[44,114106,186],{"class":62},[44,114108,2287],{"class":452},[44,114110,3711],{"class":62},[44,114112,114113],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,114114,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,114116,114117,114119,114121,114123],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,114118,82],{"class":58},[44,114120,63],{"class":62},[44,114122,3467],{"class":97},[44,114124,76],{"class":62},[44,114126,114127],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,114128,113663],{"class":3483},[20,114130,11509],{},[126,114132,114133,114138,114145],{},[129,114134,114135,114137],{},[15,114136,1889],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[129,114139,114140,1126,114142,114144],{},[15,114141,1894],{},[15,114143,1125],{}," are added",[129,114146,114147,114148,114150],{},"The second ",[15,114149,1125],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114152,114153,114154,114157],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[491,114155,114156],{"href":98710},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[30,114159,114161],{"id":114160},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114163,359,114164,114166],{},[15,114165,14781],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[35,114168,114170],{"className":37,"code":114169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114171,114172,114193,114214,114218,114234,114238,114248],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114173,114174,114177,114179,114181,114183,114185,114187,114189,114191],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114175,114176],{"class":50},"set_a ",[44,114178,55],{"class":54},[44,114180,10313],{"class":62},[44,114182,2807],{"class":452},[44,114184,186],{"class":62},[44,114186,2812],{"class":452},[44,114188,186],{"class":62},[44,114190,2282],{"class":452},[44,114192,9130],{"class":62},[44,114194,114195,114198,114200,114202,114204,114206,114208,114210,114212],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,114196,114197],{"class":50},"set_b ",[44,114199,55],{"class":54},[44,114201,10313],{"class":62},[44,114203,1894],{"class":452},[44,114205,186],{"class":62},[44,114207,2287],{"class":452},[44,114209,186],{"class":62},[44,114211,4431],{"class":452},[44,114213,9130],{"class":62},[44,114215,114216],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,114217,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,114219,114220,114223,114225,114227,114229,114232],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,114221,114222],{"class":50},"set_a",[44,114224,504],{"class":62},[44,114226,30291],{"class":97},[44,114228,63],{"class":62},[44,114230,114231],{"class":97},"set_b",[44,114233,76],{"class":62},[44,114235,114236],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,114237,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,114239,114240,114242,114244,114246],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,114241,82],{"class":58},[44,114243,63],{"class":62},[44,114245,114222],{"class":97},[44,114247,76],{"class":62},[44,114249,114250],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,114251,111624],{"class":3483},[20,114253,114254],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114256,114257,114258,504],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[491,114259,114260],{"href":102429},[15,114261,107676],{},[35,114263,114265],{"className":37,"code":114264,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114266,114267,114287,114307,114311,114331,114335,114346,114350,114360],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114268,114269,114271,114273,114275,114277,114279,114281,114283,114285],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114270,114176],{"class":50},[44,114272,55],{"class":54},[44,114274,10313],{"class":62},[44,114276,2807],{"class":452},[44,114278,186],{"class":62},[44,114280,2812],{"class":452},[44,114282,186],{"class":62},[44,114284,2282],{"class":452},[44,114286,9130],{"class":62},[44,114288,114289,114291,114293,114295,114297,114299,114301,114303,114305],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,114290,114197],{"class":50},[44,114292,55],{"class":54},[44,114294,10313],{"class":62},[44,114296,1894],{"class":452},[44,114298,186],{"class":62},[44,114300,2287],{"class":452},[44,114302,186],{"class":62},[44,114304,4431],{"class":452},[44,114306,9130],{"class":62},[44,114308,114309],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,114310,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,114312,114313,114316,114318,114321,114323,114325,114327,114329],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,114314,114315],{"class":50},"combined ",[44,114317,55],{"class":54},[44,114319,114320],{"class":50}," set_a",[44,114322,504],{"class":62},[44,114324,110902],{"class":97},[44,114326,63],{"class":62},[44,114328,114231],{"class":97},[44,114330,76],{"class":62},[44,114332,114333],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,114334,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,114336,114337,114339,114341,114344],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,114338,82],{"class":58},[44,114340,63],{"class":62},[44,114342,114343],{"class":97},"combined",[44,114345,76],{"class":62},[44,114347,114348],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,114349,111624],{"class":3483},[44,114351,114352,114354,114356,114358],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,114353,82],{"class":58},[44,114355,63],{"class":62},[44,114357,114222],{"class":97},[44,114359,76],{"class":62},[44,114361,114362],{"class":46,"line":6261},[44,114363,114364],{"class":3483},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[30,114366,114368],{"id":114367},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114370,64369,114371,114373],{},[15,114372,14781],{}," adds each character separately.",[35,114375,114377],{"className":37,"code":114376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114378,114379,114395,114413,114417,114427],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114380,114381,114383,114385,114387,114389,114391,114393],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114382,35915],{"class":50},[44,114384,55],{"class":54},[44,114386,10313],{"class":62},[44,114388,67],{"class":66},[44,114390,2003],{"class":70},[44,114392,67],{"class":66},[44,114394,9130],{"class":62},[44,114396,114397,114399,114401,114403,114405,114407,114409,114411],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,114398,35968],{"class":50},[44,114400,504],{"class":62},[44,114402,30291],{"class":97},[44,114404,63],{"class":62},[44,114406,67],{"class":66},[44,114408,36873],{"class":70},[44,114410,67],{"class":66},[44,114412,76],{"class":62},[44,114414,114415],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,114416,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,114418,114419,114421,114423,114425],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,114420,82],{"class":58},[44,114422,63],{"class":62},[44,114424,35968],{"class":97},[44,114426,76],{"class":62},[44,114428,114429],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,114430,114431],{"class":3483},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114433,114434],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114436,114437,13880,114440,114442,114443,114445],{},[15,114438,114439],{},"update(\"cat\")",[3563,114441,4457],{}," add ",[15,114444,112669],{}," as one item. It adds:",[126,114447,114448,114452,114456],{},[129,114449,114450],{},[15,114451,66111],{},[129,114453,114454],{},[15,114455,17926],{},[129,114457,114458],{},[15,114459,112685],{},[20,114461,114462,114463,449],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[491,114464,114465],{"href":98133},[15,114466,95841],{},[35,114468,114470],{"className":37,"code":114469,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114471,114472,114488,114506,114510,114520],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114473,114474,114476,114478,114480,114482,114484,114486],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114475,3894],{"class":50},[44,114477,55],{"class":54},[44,114479,10313],{"class":62},[44,114481,67],{"class":66},[44,114483,57755],{"class":70},[44,114485,67],{"class":66},[44,114487,9130],{"class":62},[44,114489,114490,114492,114494,114496,114498,114500,114502,114504],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,114491,3938],{"class":50},[44,114493,504],{"class":62},[44,114495,81736],{"class":97},[44,114497,63],{"class":62},[44,114499,67],{"class":66},[44,114501,36873],{"class":70},[44,114503,67],{"class":66},[44,114505,76],{"class":62},[44,114507,114508],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,114509,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,114511,114512,114514,114516,114518],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,114513,82],{"class":58},[44,114515,63],{"class":62},[44,114517,3938],{"class":97},[44,114519,76],{"class":62},[44,114521,114522],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,114523,114524],{"class":3483},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[30,114526,114528,10408,114530],{"id":114527},"update-vs-add",[15,114529,14781],{},[15,114531,95836],{},[20,114533,114534],{},"The difference is simple:",[126,114536,114537,114541],{},[129,114538,114539,96435],{},[15,114540,95836],{},[129,114542,114543,96440],{},[15,114544,14781],{},[20,114546,1319,114547,449],{},[15,114548,95836],{},[35,114550,114552],{"className":37,"code":114551,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114553,114554,114570,114588,114592,114602],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114555,114556,114558,114560,114562,114564,114566,114568],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114557,36064],{"class":50},[44,114559,55],{"class":54},[44,114561,10313],{"class":62},[44,114563,67],{"class":66},[44,114565,3903],{"class":70},[44,114567,67],{"class":66},[44,114569,9130],{"class":62},[44,114571,114572,114574,114576,114578,114580,114582,114584,114586],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,114573,36116],{"class":50},[44,114575,504],{"class":62},[44,114577,81736],{"class":97},[44,114579,63],{"class":62},[44,114581,67],{"class":66},[44,114583,3912],{"class":70},[44,114585,67],{"class":66},[44,114587,76],{"class":62},[44,114589,114590],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,114591,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,114593,114594,114596,114598,114600],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,114595,82],{"class":58},[44,114597,63],{"class":62},[44,114599,36116],{"class":97},[44,114601,76],{"class":62},[44,114603,114604],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,114605,114606],{"class":3483},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114608,1319,114609,449],{},[15,114610,14781],{},[35,114612,114614],{"className":37,"code":114613,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114615,114616,114632,114658,114662,114672],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114617,114618,114620,114622,114624,114626,114628,114630],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114619,36064],{"class":50},[44,114621,55],{"class":54},[44,114623,10313],{"class":62},[44,114625,67],{"class":66},[44,114627,3903],{"class":70},[44,114629,67],{"class":66},[44,114631,9130],{"class":62},[44,114633,114634,114636,114638,114640,114642,114644,114646,114648,114650,114652,114654,114656],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,114635,36116],{"class":50},[44,114637,504],{"class":62},[44,114639,30291],{"class":97},[44,114641,2804],{"class":62},[44,114643,67],{"class":66},[44,114645,3912],{"class":70},[44,114647,67],{"class":66},[44,114649,186],{"class":62},[44,114651,1438],{"class":66},[44,114653,33046],{"class":70},[44,114655,67],{"class":66},[44,114657,3711],{"class":62},[44,114659,114660],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,114661,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,114663,114664,114666,114668,114670],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,114665,82],{"class":58},[44,114667,63],{"class":62},[44,114669,36116],{"class":97},[44,114671,76],{"class":62},[44,114673,114674],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,114675,114676],{"class":3483},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114678,114679],{},"Important warning with strings:",[35,114681,114683],{"className":37,"code":114682,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114684,114685,114701,114719,114723,114733],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114686,114687,114689,114691,114693,114695,114697,114699],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114688,36064],{"class":50},[44,114690,55],{"class":54},[44,114692,10313],{"class":62},[44,114694,67],{"class":66},[44,114696,3903],{"class":70},[44,114698,67],{"class":66},[44,114700,9130],{"class":62},[44,114702,114703,114705,114707,114709,114711,114713,114715,114717],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,114704,36116],{"class":50},[44,114706,504],{"class":62},[44,114708,30291],{"class":97},[44,114710,63],{"class":62},[44,114712,67],{"class":66},[44,114714,38167],{"class":70},[44,114716,67],{"class":66},[44,114718,76],{"class":62},[44,114720,114721],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,114722,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,114724,114725,114727,114729,114731],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,114726,82],{"class":58},[44,114728,63],{"class":62},[44,114730,36116],{"class":97},[44,114732,76],{"class":62},[44,114734,114735],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,114736,114737],{"class":3483},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,114739,61735,114740,61808,114743,6461],{},[15,114741,114742],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,114744,95836],{},[30,114746,114748,10408,114750],{"id":114747},"update-vs-union",[15,114749,14781],{},[15,114751,102432],{},[20,114753,114754],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[600,114756,114757],{"id":30291},[15,114758,14781],{},[126,114760,114761,114764],{},[129,114762,114763],{},"Changes the existing set",[129,114765,11249,114766],{},[15,114767,3599],{},[35,114769,114771],{"className":37,"code":114770,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114772,114773,114789,114805,114809,114823,114833],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114774,114775,114777,114779,114781,114783,114785,114787],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114776,1070],{"class":50},[44,114778,55],{"class":54},[44,114780,10313],{"class":62},[44,114782,2807],{"class":452},[44,114784,186],{"class":62},[44,114786,2812],{"class":452},[44,114788,9130],{"class":62},[44,114790,114791,114793,114795,114797,114799,114801,114803],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,114792,1089],{"class":50},[44,114794,55],{"class":54},[44,114796,10313],{"class":62},[44,114798,1889],{"class":452},[44,114800,186],{"class":62},[44,114802,2282],{"class":452},[44,114804,9130],{"class":62},[44,114806,114807],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,114808,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,114810,114811,114813,114815,114817,114819,114821],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,114812,491],{"class":50},[44,114814,504],{"class":62},[44,114816,30291],{"class":97},[44,114818,63],{"class":62},[44,114820,4587],{"class":97},[44,114822,76],{"class":62},[44,114824,114825,114827,114829,114831],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,114826,82],{"class":58},[44,114828,63],{"class":62},[44,114830,491],{"class":97},[44,114832,76],{"class":62},[44,114834,114835],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,114836,114364],{"class":3483},[600,114838,114839],{"id":110902},[15,114840,102432],{},[126,114842,114843,114845],{},[129,114844,100970],{},[129,114846,100973],{},[35,114848,114850],{"className":37,"code":114849,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,114851,114852,114868,114884,114888,114906,114916,114920,114930],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114853,114854,114856,114858,114860,114862,114864,114866],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114855,1070],{"class":50},[44,114857,55],{"class":54},[44,114859,10313],{"class":62},[44,114861,2807],{"class":452},[44,114863,186],{"class":62},[44,114865,2812],{"class":452},[44,114867,9130],{"class":62},[44,114869,114870,114872,114874,114876,114878,114880,114882],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,114871,1089],{"class":50},[44,114873,55],{"class":54},[44,114875,10313],{"class":62},[44,114877,1889],{"class":452},[44,114879,186],{"class":62},[44,114881,2282],{"class":452},[44,114883,9130],{"class":62},[44,114885,114886],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,114887,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,114889,114890,114892,114894,114896,114898,114900,114902,114904],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,114891,82816],{"class":50},[44,114893,55],{"class":54},[44,114895,56515],{"class":50},[44,114897,504],{"class":62},[44,114899,110902],{"class":97},[44,114901,63],{"class":62},[44,114903,4587],{"class":97},[44,114905,76],{"class":62},[44,114907,114908,114910,114912,114914],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,114909,82],{"class":58},[44,114911,63],{"class":62},[44,114913,9561],{"class":97},[44,114915,76],{"class":62},[44,114917,114918],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,114919,114364],{"class":3483},[44,114921,114922,114924,114926,114928],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,114923,82],{"class":58},[44,114925,63],{"class":62},[44,114927,491],{"class":97},[44,114929,76],{"class":62},[44,114931,114932],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,114933,114934],{"class":3483},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,114936,107318,114937,114939,114940,114944],{},[15,114938,14781],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[491,114941,114942],{"href":102429},[15,114943,102432],{}," when you want a new set.",[30,114946,114948],{"id":114947},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,114950,10571,114951,504],{},[15,114952,96947],{},[600,114954,114956],{"id":114955},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,114958,114959],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[35,114961,114963],{"className":37,"code":114962,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114964,114965,114981,115003,115007,115017],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114966,114967,114969,114971,114973,114975,114977,114979],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114968,15456],{"class":50},[44,114970,55],{"class":54},[44,114972,10313],{"class":62},[44,114974,2807],{"class":452},[44,114976,186],{"class":62},[44,114978,2812],{"class":452},[44,114980,9130],{"class":62},[44,114982,114983,114985,114987,114989,114991,114993,114995,114997,114999,115001],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,114984,2059],{"class":50},[44,114986,55],{"class":54},[44,114988,96557],{"class":50},[44,114990,504],{"class":62},[44,114992,30291],{"class":97},[44,114994,2804],{"class":62},[44,114996,1894],{"class":452},[44,114998,186],{"class":62},[44,115000,2287],{"class":452},[44,115002,3711],{"class":62},[44,115004,115005],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,115006,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,115008,115009,115011,115013,115015],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,115010,82],{"class":58},[44,115012,63],{"class":62},[44,115014,2094],{"class":97},[44,115016,76],{"class":62},[44,115018,115019],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,115020,61460],{"class":3483},[20,115022,115023,115024,449],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115025,14781],{},[35,115027,115029],{"className":37,"code":115028,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115030,115031,115047,115065,115069,115079],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115032,115033,115035,115037,115039,115041,115043,115045],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115034,15456],{"class":50},[44,115036,55],{"class":54},[44,115038,10313],{"class":62},[44,115040,2807],{"class":452},[44,115042,186],{"class":62},[44,115044,2812],{"class":452},[44,115046,9130],{"class":62},[44,115048,115049,115051,115053,115055,115057,115059,115061,115063],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,115050,15494],{"class":50},[44,115052,504],{"class":62},[44,115054,30291],{"class":97},[44,115056,2804],{"class":62},[44,115058,1894],{"class":452},[44,115060,186],{"class":62},[44,115062,2287],{"class":452},[44,115064,3711],{"class":62},[44,115066,115067],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,115068,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,115070,115071,115073,115075,115077],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,115072,82],{"class":58},[44,115074,63],{"class":62},[44,115076,15494],{"class":97},[44,115078,76],{"class":62},[44,115080,115081],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,115082,113663],{"class":3483},[600,115084,115086],{"id":115085},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115088,2660],{},[35,115090,115092],{"className":37,"code":115091,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115093,115094,115110],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115095,115096,115098,115100,115102,115104,115106,115108],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115097,15456],{"class":50},[44,115099,55],{"class":54},[44,115101,10313],{"class":62},[44,115103,2807],{"class":452},[44,115105,186],{"class":62},[44,115107,2812],{"class":452},[44,115109,9130],{"class":62},[44,115111,115112,115114,115116,115118,115120,115122],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,115113,15494],{"class":50},[44,115115,504],{"class":62},[44,115117,30291],{"class":97},[44,115119,63],{"class":62},[44,115121,1129],{"class":452},[44,115123,76],{"class":62},[20,115125,61914,115126,8428,115128,115130],{},[15,115127,2825],{},[15,115129,1129],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115132,6384],{},[35,115134,115136],{"className":37,"code":115135,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115137,115138,115154,115168,115172,115182],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115139,115140,115142,115144,115146,115148,115150,115152],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115141,15456],{"class":50},[44,115143,55],{"class":54},[44,115145,10313],{"class":62},[44,115147,2807],{"class":452},[44,115149,186],{"class":62},[44,115151,2812],{"class":452},[44,115153,9130],{"class":62},[44,115155,115156,115158,115160,115162,115164,115166],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,115157,15494],{"class":50},[44,115159,504],{"class":62},[44,115161,30291],{"class":97},[44,115163,2804],{"class":62},[44,115165,1129],{"class":452},[44,115167,3711],{"class":62},[44,115169,115170],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,115171,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,115173,115174,115176,115178,115180],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,115175,82],{"class":58},[44,115177,63],{"class":62},[44,115179,15494],{"class":97},[44,115181,76],{"class":62},[44,115183,115184],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,115185,115186],{"class":3483},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115188,1188,115189,504],{},[491,115190,25509,115191],{"href":52226},[15,115192,115193],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[600,115195,115197],{"id":115196},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115199,115200],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[35,115202,115204],{"className":37,"code":115203,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115205,115206,115222,115248,115252,115262],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115207,115208,115210,115212,115214,115216,115218,115220],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115209,15456],{"class":50},[44,115211,55],{"class":54},[44,115213,10313],{"class":62},[44,115215,2807],{"class":452},[44,115217,186],{"class":62},[44,115219,2812],{"class":452},[44,115221,9130],{"class":62},[44,115223,115224,115226,115228,115230,115232,115234,115236,115238,115240,115242,115244,115246],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,115225,15494],{"class":50},[44,115227,504],{"class":62},[44,115229,30291],{"class":97},[44,115231,2804],{"class":62},[44,115233,1889],{"class":452},[44,115235,186],{"class":62},[44,115237,2812],{"class":452},[44,115239,186],{"class":62},[44,115241,2812],{"class":452},[44,115243,186],{"class":62},[44,115245,2282],{"class":452},[44,115247,3711],{"class":62},[44,115249,115250],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,115251,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,115253,115254,115256,115258,115260],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,115255,82],{"class":58},[44,115257,63],{"class":62},[44,115259,15494],{"class":97},[44,115261,76],{"class":62},[44,115263,115264],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,115265,114364],{"class":3483},[600,115267,115269,115270,44444,115272,115274],{"id":115268},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115271,14781],{},[15,115273,95836],{}," is better",[20,115276,115277,115278,115280],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115279,95836],{}," is usually the better choice.",[35,115282,115284],{"className":37,"code":115283,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115285,115286,115302,115320,115324,115334],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115287,115288,115290,115292,115294,115296,115298,115300],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115289,15456],{"class":50},[44,115291,55],{"class":54},[44,115293,10313],{"class":62},[44,115295,67],{"class":66},[44,115297,57755],{"class":70},[44,115299,67],{"class":66},[44,115301,9130],{"class":62},[44,115303,115304,115306,115308,115310,115312,115314,115316,115318],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,115305,15494],{"class":50},[44,115307,504],{"class":62},[44,115309,81736],{"class":97},[44,115311,63],{"class":62},[44,115313,67],{"class":66},[44,115315,36873],{"class":70},[44,115317,67],{"class":66},[44,115319,76],{"class":62},[44,115321,115322],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,115323,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,115325,115326,115328,115330,115332],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,115327,82],{"class":58},[44,115329,63],{"class":62},[44,115331,15494],{"class":97},[44,115333,76],{"class":62},[44,115335,115336],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,115337,114524],{"class":3483},[30,115339,1651],{"id":1650},[600,115341,1655,115343,96926],{"id":115342},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115344,96947],{},[20,115346,96929,115347,504],{},[15,115348,3599],{},[600,115350,28159,115351,32052],{"id":32049},[15,115352,14781],{},[20,115354,115355],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[600,115357,5007,115359,1126,115361,213],{"id":115358},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115360,95836],{},[15,115362,14781],{},[20,115364,115365,115367,115368,115370],{},[15,115366,95836],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115369,14781],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[600,115372,115374],{"id":115373},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115376,115377,115378,114373],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115379,14781],{},[600,115381,115383],{"id":115382},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115385,103,115386,10916,115388,504],{},[15,115387,102432],{},[15,115389,14781],{},[30,115391,1719],{"id":1718},[126,115393,115394,115401,115408,115414,115420],{},[129,115395,115396],{},[491,115397,115398],{"href":98133},[15,115399,115400],{},"Python set add() method",[129,115402,115403],{},[491,115404,115405],{"href":102429},[15,115406,115407],{},"Python set union() method",[129,115409,115410],{},[491,115411,115412],{"href":97516},[15,115413,96971],{},[129,115415,115416],{},[491,115417,115418],{"href":98710},[15,115419,99977],{},[129,115421,115422],{},[491,115423,115424,115426],{"href":52226},[15,115425,115193],{}," fix",[20,115428,115429,115430,115432,115433,115435],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115431,95841],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115434,107676],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1758,115437,115438],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":115440},[115441,115442,115444,115445,115446,115447,115448,115449,115451,115456,115463,115472],{"id":3424,"depth":79,"text":3425},{"id":113671,"depth":79,"text":115443},"What set.update() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":21797,"depth":79,"text":21798},{"id":114057,"depth":79,"text":114058},{"id":114160,"depth":79,"text":114161},{"id":114367,"depth":79,"text":114368},{"id":114527,"depth":79,"text":115450},"update() vs add()",{"id":114747,"depth":79,"text":115452,"children":115453},"update() vs union()",[115454,115455],{"id":30291,"depth":419,"text":14781},{"id":110902,"depth":419,"text":102432},{"id":114947,"depth":79,"text":114948,"children":115457},[115458,115459,115460,115461],{"id":114955,"depth":419,"text":114956},{"id":115085,"depth":419,"text":115086},{"id":115196,"depth":419,"text":115197},{"id":115268,"depth":419,"text":115462},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":115464},[115465,115467,115468,115470,115471],{"id":115342,"depth":419,"text":115466},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32049,"depth":419,"text":32122},{"id":115358,"depth":419,"text":115469},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115373,"depth":419,"text":115374},{"id":115382,"depth":419,"text":115383},{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113583,"description":115473},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115479,"title":115480,"body":115481,"description":117247,"extension":1796,"meta":117248,"navigation":807,"path":13616,"seo":117249,"stem":117250,"__hash__":117251},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115482,"toc":117222},[115483,115486,115489,115492,115503,115511,115514,115516,115665,115677,115681,115698,115702,115710,115712,115723,115725,115822,115828,115831,115927,115936,115941,115945,115950,115952,115962,115964,116073,116081,116085,116088,116091,116108,116114,116194,116197,116201,116204,116208,116211,116270,116273,116277,116280,116372,116376,116379,116486,116490,116496,116524,116526,116608,116618,116622,116625,116636,116639,116724,116727,116732,116736,116739,116750,116753,116895,116898,116902,116905,116919,116922,116983,116989,116991,116994,117016,117019,117119,117122,117154,117156,117160,117163,117165,117168,117172,117175,117179,117182,117186,117189,117191,117219],[10,115484,115480],{"id":115485},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115487,115488],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115490,115491],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[126,115493,115494,115497,115500],{},[129,115495,115496],{},"a list inside another list",[129,115498,115499],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[129,115501,115502],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115504,99899,115505,1126,115507,115510],{},[3563,115506,12675],{},[3563,115508,115509],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115512,115513],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[30,115515,33],{"id":32},[35,115517,115519],{"className":37,"code":115518,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115520,115521,115528,115532,115558,115578,115598,115602,115620,115624,115637,115651],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115522,115523,115525],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115524,34917],{"class":1384},[44,115526,115527],{"class":50}," copy\n",[44,115529,115530],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,115531,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,115533,115534,115536,115538,115540,115542,115544,115546,115548,115550,115552,115554,115556],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,115535,11911],{"class":50},[44,115537,55],{"class":54},[44,115539,55921],{"class":62},[44,115541,2807],{"class":452},[44,115543,186],{"class":62},[44,115545,2812],{"class":452},[44,115547,17892],{"class":62},[44,115549,3440],{"class":62},[44,115551,1894],{"class":452},[44,115553,186],{"class":62},[44,115555,2287],{"class":452},[44,115557,52869],{"class":62},[44,115559,115560,115563,115565,115568,115570,115572,115574,115576],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,115561,115562],{"class":50},"shallow ",[44,115564,55],{"class":54},[44,115566,115567],{"class":50}," copy",[44,115569,504],{"class":62},[44,115571,12736],{"class":97},[44,115573,63],{"class":62},[44,115575,11958],{"class":97},[44,115577,76],{"class":62},[44,115579,115580,115583,115585,115587,115589,115592,115594,115596],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,115581,115582],{"class":50},"deep ",[44,115584,55],{"class":54},[44,115586,115567],{"class":50},[44,115588,504],{"class":62},[44,115590,115591],{"class":97},"deepcopy",[44,115593,63],{"class":62},[44,115595,11958],{"class":97},[44,115597,76],{"class":62},[44,115599,115600],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,115601,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,115603,115604,115606,115608,115610,115612,115614,115616,115618],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,115605,11958],{"class":50},[44,115607,3723],{"class":62},[44,115609,1951],{"class":452},[44,115611,13376],{"class":62},[44,115613,13379],{"class":97},[44,115615,63],{"class":62},[44,115617,55974],{"class":452},[44,115619,76],{"class":62},[44,115621,115622],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,115623,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,115625,115626,115628,115630,115632,115634],{"class":46,"line":6261},[44,115627,82],{"class":58},[44,115629,63],{"class":62},[44,115631,11958],{"class":97},[44,115633,3480],{"class":62},[44,115635,115636],{"class":3483},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[44,115638,115639,115641,115643,115646,115648],{"class":46,"line":6266},[44,115640,82],{"class":58},[44,115642,63],{"class":62},[44,115644,115645],{"class":97},"shallow",[44,115647,3480],{"class":62},[44,115649,115650],{"class":3483},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[44,115652,115653,115655,115657,115660,115662],{"class":46,"line":11420},[44,115654,82],{"class":58},[44,115656,63],{"class":62},[44,115658,115659],{"class":97},"deep",[44,115661,3480],{"class":62},[44,115663,115664],{"class":3483},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115666,103,115667,115670,115671,1126,115673,115676],{},[15,115668,115669],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[3563,115672,12675],{},[15,115674,115675],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[30,115678,115680],{"id":115679},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[126,115682,115683,115686,115689,115692,115695],{},[129,115684,115685],{},"What a copy means in Python",[129,115687,115688],{},"How shallow copy works",[129,115690,115691],{},"How deep copy works",[129,115693,115694],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[129,115696,115697],{},"When to use each approach",[30,115699,115701],{"id":115700},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,115703,15016,115704,115706,115707,115709],{},[3563,115705,12675],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[3563,115708,4457],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,115711,1938],{},[126,115713,115714,115717,115720],{},[129,115715,115716],{},"the outer container is new",[129,115718,115719],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[129,115721,115722],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,115724,145],{},[35,115726,115728],{"className":37,"code":115727,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,115729,115730,115756,115770,115774,115792,115796,115809],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115731,115732,115734,115736,115738,115740,115742,115744,115746,115748,115750,115752,115754],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115733,11911],{"class":50},[44,115735,55],{"class":54},[44,115737,55921],{"class":62},[44,115739,2807],{"class":452},[44,115741,186],{"class":62},[44,115743,2812],{"class":452},[44,115745,17892],{"class":62},[44,115747,3440],{"class":62},[44,115749,1894],{"class":452},[44,115751,186],{"class":62},[44,115753,2287],{"class":452},[44,115755,52869],{"class":62},[44,115757,115758,115760,115762,115764,115766,115768],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,115759,14138],{"class":50},[44,115761,55],{"class":54},[44,115763,11986],{"class":50},[44,115765,504],{"class":62},[44,115767,12736],{"class":97},[44,115769,345],{"class":62},[44,115771,115772],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,115773,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,115775,115776,115778,115780,115782,115784,115786,115788,115790],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,115777,14157],{"class":50},[44,115779,504],{"class":62},[44,115781,13379],{"class":97},[44,115783,2804],{"class":62},[44,115785,1129],{"class":452},[44,115787,186],{"class":62},[44,115789,37469],{"class":452},[44,115791,3711],{"class":62},[44,115793,115794],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,115795,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,115797,115798,115800,115802,115804,115806],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,115799,82],{"class":58},[44,115801,63],{"class":62},[44,115803,11958],{"class":97},[44,115805,3480],{"class":62},[44,115807,115808],{"class":3483},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[44,115810,115811,115813,115815,115817,115819],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,115812,82],{"class":58},[44,115814,63],{"class":62},[44,115816,14157],{"class":97},[44,115818,3480],{"class":62},[44,115820,115821],{"class":3483},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,115823,115824,115825,115827],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,115826,14157],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,115829,115830],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[35,115832,115834],{"className":37,"code":115833,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115835,115836,115862,115876,115880,115898,115902,115914],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115837,115838,115840,115842,115844,115846,115848,115850,115852,115854,115856,115858,115860],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115839,11911],{"class":50},[44,115841,55],{"class":54},[44,115843,55921],{"class":62},[44,115845,2807],{"class":452},[44,115847,186],{"class":62},[44,115849,2812],{"class":452},[44,115851,17892],{"class":62},[44,115853,3440],{"class":62},[44,115855,1894],{"class":452},[44,115857,186],{"class":62},[44,115859,2287],{"class":452},[44,115861,52869],{"class":62},[44,115863,115864,115866,115868,115870,115872,115874],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,115865,14138],{"class":50},[44,115867,55],{"class":54},[44,115869,11986],{"class":50},[44,115871,504],{"class":62},[44,115873,12736],{"class":97},[44,115875,345],{"class":62},[44,115877,115878],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,115879,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,115881,115882,115884,115886,115888,115890,115892,115894,115896],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,115883,14157],{"class":50},[44,115885,3723],{"class":62},[44,115887,1951],{"class":452},[44,115889,13376],{"class":62},[44,115891,13379],{"class":97},[44,115893,63],{"class":62},[44,115895,55974],{"class":452},[44,115897,76],{"class":62},[44,115899,115900],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,115901,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,115903,115904,115906,115908,115910,115912],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,115905,82],{"class":58},[44,115907,63],{"class":62},[44,115909,11958],{"class":97},[44,115911,3480],{"class":62},[44,115913,115636],{"class":3483},[44,115915,115916,115918,115920,115922,115924],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,115917,82],{"class":58},[44,115919,63],{"class":62},[44,115921,14157],{"class":97},[44,115923,3480],{"class":62},[44,115925,115926],{"class":3483},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115928,115929,115930,1126,115932,115935],{},"Both changed because ",[15,115931,56078],{},[15,115933,115934],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,115937,115938,115939,504],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[491,115940,43750],{"href":11890},[30,115942,115944],{"id":115943},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,115946,15016,115947,115949],{},[3563,115948,115509],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,115951,1938],{},[126,115953,115954,115956,115959],{},[129,115955,115716],{},[129,115957,115958],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[129,115960,115961],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,115963,145],{},[35,115965,115967],{"className":37,"code":115966,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115968,115969,115975,115979,116005,116023,116027,116045,116049,116061],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115970,115971,115973],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115972,34917],{"class":1384},[44,115974,115527],{"class":50},[44,115976,115977],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,115978,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,115980,115981,115983,115985,115987,115989,115991,115993,115995,115997,115999,116001,116003],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,115982,11911],{"class":50},[44,115984,55],{"class":54},[44,115986,55921],{"class":62},[44,115988,2807],{"class":452},[44,115990,186],{"class":62},[44,115992,2812],{"class":452},[44,115994,17892],{"class":62},[44,115996,3440],{"class":62},[44,115998,1894],{"class":452},[44,116000,186],{"class":62},[44,116002,2287],{"class":452},[44,116004,52869],{"class":62},[44,116006,116007,116009,116011,116013,116015,116017,116019,116021],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,116008,14138],{"class":50},[44,116010,55],{"class":54},[44,116012,115567],{"class":50},[44,116014,504],{"class":62},[44,116016,115591],{"class":97},[44,116018,63],{"class":62},[44,116020,11958],{"class":97},[44,116022,76],{"class":62},[44,116024,116025],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,116026,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,116028,116029,116031,116033,116035,116037,116039,116041,116043],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,116030,14157],{"class":50},[44,116032,3723],{"class":62},[44,116034,1951],{"class":452},[44,116036,13376],{"class":62},[44,116038,13379],{"class":97},[44,116040,63],{"class":62},[44,116042,55974],{"class":452},[44,116044,76],{"class":62},[44,116046,116047],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,116048,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,116050,116051,116053,116055,116057,116059],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,116052,82],{"class":58},[44,116054,63],{"class":62},[44,116056,11958],{"class":97},[44,116058,3480],{"class":62},[44,116060,115808],{"class":3483},[44,116062,116063,116065,116067,116069,116071],{"class":46,"line":6261},[44,116064,82],{"class":58},[44,116066,63],{"class":62},[44,116068,14157],{"class":97},[44,116070,3480],{"class":62},[44,116072,115926],{"class":3483},[20,116074,116075,116076,116078,116079,504],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116077,115934],{}," does not change ",[15,116080,56078],{},[30,116082,116084],{"id":116083},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116086,116087],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116089,116090],{},"Common reasons:",[126,116092,116093,116096,116099,116105],{},[129,116094,116095],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[129,116097,116098],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[129,116100,116101,116102,116104],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116103,55],{}," does not make a copy",[129,116106,116107],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116109,116110,116111,116113],{},"For example, this does ",[3563,116112,4457],{}," create a copy:",[35,116115,116117],{"className":37,"code":116116,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116118,116119,116139,116147,116151,116165,116169,116181],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116120,116121,116123,116125,116127,116129,116131,116133,116135,116137],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116122,11911],{"class":50},[44,116124,55],{"class":54},[44,116126,3440],{"class":62},[44,116128,2807],{"class":452},[44,116130,186],{"class":62},[44,116132,2812],{"class":452},[44,116134,186],{"class":62},[44,116136,2282],{"class":452},[44,116138,3453],{"class":62},[44,116140,116141,116143,116145],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,116142,14138],{"class":50},[44,116144,55],{"class":54},[44,116146,11949],{"class":50},[44,116148,116149],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,116150,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,116152,116153,116155,116157,116159,116161,116163],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,116154,14157],{"class":50},[44,116156,504],{"class":62},[44,116158,13379],{"class":97},[44,116160,63],{"class":62},[44,116162,1125],{"class":452},[44,116164,76],{"class":62},[44,116166,116167],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,116168,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,116170,116171,116173,116175,116177,116179],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,116172,82],{"class":58},[44,116174,63],{"class":62},[44,116176,11958],{"class":97},[44,116178,3480],{"class":62},[44,116180,55328],{"class":3483},[44,116182,116183,116185,116187,116189,116191],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,116184,82],{"class":58},[44,116186,63],{"class":62},[44,116188,14157],{"class":97},[44,116190,3480],{"class":62},[44,116192,116193],{"class":3483},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116195,116196],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[30,116198,116200],{"id":116199},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116202,116203],{},"These three ideas are different.",[600,116205,116207],{"id":116206},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116209,116210],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[35,116212,116214],{"className":37,"code":116213,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116215,116216,116242,116250,116254],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116217,116218,116220,116222,116224,116226,116228,116230,116232,116234,116236,116238,116240],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116219,11911],{"class":50},[44,116221,55],{"class":54},[44,116223,55921],{"class":62},[44,116225,2807],{"class":452},[44,116227,186],{"class":62},[44,116229,2812],{"class":452},[44,116231,17892],{"class":62},[44,116233,3440],{"class":62},[44,116235,1894],{"class":452},[44,116237,186],{"class":62},[44,116239,2287],{"class":452},[44,116241,52869],{"class":62},[44,116243,116244,116246,116248],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,116245,13929],{"class":50},[44,116247,55],{"class":54},[44,116249,11949],{"class":50},[44,116251,116252],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,116253,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,116255,116256,116258,116260,116262,116264,116266,116268],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,116257,82],{"class":58},[44,116259,63],{"class":62},[44,116261,11911],{"class":97},[44,116263,206],{"class":1384},[44,116265,13997],{"class":97},[44,116267,3480],{"class":62},[44,116269,3484],{"class":3483},[20,116271,116272],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[600,116274,116276],{"id":116275},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116278,116279],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[35,116281,116283],{"className":37,"code":116282,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116284,116285,116311,116325,116329,116346],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116286,116287,116289,116291,116293,116295,116297,116299,116301,116303,116305,116307,116309],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116288,11911],{"class":50},[44,116290,55],{"class":54},[44,116292,55921],{"class":62},[44,116294,2807],{"class":452},[44,116296,186],{"class":62},[44,116298,2812],{"class":452},[44,116300,17892],{"class":62},[44,116302,3440],{"class":62},[44,116304,1894],{"class":452},[44,116306,186],{"class":62},[44,116308,2287],{"class":452},[44,116310,52869],{"class":62},[44,116312,116313,116315,116317,116319,116321,116323],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,116314,115562],{"class":50},[44,116316,55],{"class":54},[44,116318,11986],{"class":50},[44,116320,504],{"class":62},[44,116322,12736],{"class":97},[44,116324,345],{"class":62},[44,116326,116327],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,116328,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,116330,116331,116333,116335,116337,116339,116342,116344],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,116332,82],{"class":58},[44,116334,63],{"class":62},[44,116336,11911],{"class":97},[44,116338,206],{"class":1384},[44,116340,116341],{"class":97}," shallow",[44,116343,3480],{"class":62},[44,116345,21029],{"class":3483},[44,116347,116348,116350,116352,116354,116356,116358,116360,116362,116364,116366,116368,116370],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,116349,82],{"class":58},[44,116351,63],{"class":62},[44,116353,11958],{"class":97},[44,116355,3723],{"class":62},[44,116357,1951],{"class":452},[44,116359,13099],{"class":62},[44,116361,7924],{"class":1384},[44,116363,116341],{"class":97},[44,116365,3723],{"class":62},[44,116367,1951],{"class":452},[44,116369,20274],{"class":62},[44,116371,3484],{"class":3483},[600,116373,116375],{"id":116374},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116377,116378],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[35,116380,116382],{"className":37,"code":116381,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116383,116384,116390,116394,116420,116438,116442,116460],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116385,116386,116388],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116387,34917],{"class":1384},[44,116389,115527],{"class":50},[44,116391,116392],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,116393,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,116395,116396,116398,116400,116402,116404,116406,116408,116410,116412,116414,116416,116418],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,116397,11911],{"class":50},[44,116399,55],{"class":54},[44,116401,55921],{"class":62},[44,116403,2807],{"class":452},[44,116405,186],{"class":62},[44,116407,2812],{"class":452},[44,116409,17892],{"class":62},[44,116411,3440],{"class":62},[44,116413,1894],{"class":452},[44,116415,186],{"class":62},[44,116417,2287],{"class":452},[44,116419,52869],{"class":62},[44,116421,116422,116424,116426,116428,116430,116432,116434,116436],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,116423,115582],{"class":50},[44,116425,55],{"class":54},[44,116427,115567],{"class":50},[44,116429,504],{"class":62},[44,116431,115591],{"class":97},[44,116433,63],{"class":62},[44,116435,11958],{"class":97},[44,116437,76],{"class":62},[44,116439,116440],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,116441,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,116443,116444,116446,116448,116450,116452,116455,116457],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,116445,82],{"class":58},[44,116447,63],{"class":62},[44,116449,11911],{"class":97},[44,116451,206],{"class":1384},[44,116453,116454],{"class":97}," deep",[44,116456,3480],{"class":62},[44,116458,116459],{"class":3483},"         # False\n",[44,116461,116462,116464,116466,116468,116470,116472,116474,116476,116478,116480,116482,116484],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,116463,82],{"class":58},[44,116465,63],{"class":62},[44,116467,11958],{"class":97},[44,116469,3723],{"class":62},[44,116471,1951],{"class":452},[44,116473,13099],{"class":62},[44,116475,7924],{"class":1384},[44,116477,116454],{"class":97},[44,116479,3723],{"class":62},[44,116481,1951],{"class":452},[44,116483,20274],{"class":62},[44,116485,43686],{"class":3483},[30,116487,116489],{"id":116488},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116491,116492,116493,449],{},"These all make ",[3563,116494,116495],{},"shallow copies",[126,116497,116498,116502,116506,116511,116517],{},[129,116499,116500],{},[15,116501,55228],{},[129,116503,116504],{},[15,116505,12259],{},[129,116507,116508],{},[15,116509,116510],{},"set.copy()",[129,116512,116513,116514],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116515,116516],{},"my_list[:]",[129,116518,116519,116521,116522,34907],{},[15,116520,115669],{}," from the ",[15,116523,12736],{},[20,116525,1957],{},[35,116527,116529],{"className":37,"code":116528,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116530,116531,116551,116555,116569,116580,116584,116596],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116532,116533,116535,116537,116539,116541,116543,116545,116547,116549],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116534,3435],{"class":50},[44,116536,55],{"class":54},[44,116538,3440],{"class":62},[44,116540,2807],{"class":452},[44,116542,186],{"class":62},[44,116544,2812],{"class":452},[44,116546,186],{"class":62},[44,116548,2282],{"class":452},[44,116550,3453],{"class":62},[44,116552,116553],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,116554,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,116556,116557,116559,116561,116563,116565,116567],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,116558,1070],{"class":50},[44,116560,55],{"class":54},[44,116562,4088],{"class":50},[44,116564,504],{"class":62},[44,116566,12736],{"class":97},[44,116568,345],{"class":62},[44,116570,116571,116573,116575,116577],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,116572,1089],{"class":50},[44,116574,55],{"class":54},[44,116576,4088],{"class":50},[44,116578,116579],{"class":62},"[:]\n",[44,116581,116582],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,116583,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,116585,116586,116588,116590,116592,116594],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,116587,82],{"class":58},[44,116589,63],{"class":62},[44,116591,491],{"class":97},[44,116593,3480],{"class":62},[44,116595,54559],{"class":3483},[44,116597,116598,116600,116602,116604,116606],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,116599,82],{"class":58},[44,116601,63],{"class":62},[44,116603,4587],{"class":97},[44,116605,3480],{"class":62},[44,116607,54559],{"class":3483},[20,116609,72770,116610,47158,116614,504],{},[491,116611,116612,10564],{"href":54587},[15,116613,55228],{},[491,116615,116616,10564],{"href":12256},[15,116617,12259],{},[30,116619,116621],{"id":116620},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116623,116624],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[126,116626,116627,116630,116633],{},[129,116628,116629],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[129,116631,116632],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[129,116634,116635],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116637,116638],{},"Example with a flat list:",[35,116640,116642],{"className":37,"code":116641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116643,116644,116664,116678,116682,116696,116700,116712],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116645,116646,116648,116650,116652,116654,116656,116658,116660,116662],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116647,11911],{"class":50},[44,116649,55],{"class":54},[44,116651,3440],{"class":62},[44,116653,2807],{"class":452},[44,116655,186],{"class":62},[44,116657,2812],{"class":452},[44,116659,186],{"class":62},[44,116661,2282],{"class":452},[44,116663,3453],{"class":62},[44,116665,116666,116668,116670,116672,116674,116676],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,116667,14138],{"class":50},[44,116669,55],{"class":54},[44,116671,11986],{"class":50},[44,116673,504],{"class":62},[44,116675,12736],{"class":97},[44,116677,345],{"class":62},[44,116679,116680],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,116681,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,116683,116684,116686,116688,116690,116692,116694],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,116685,14157],{"class":50},[44,116687,504],{"class":62},[44,116689,13379],{"class":97},[44,116691,63],{"class":62},[44,116693,1125],{"class":452},[44,116695,76],{"class":62},[44,116697,116698],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,116699,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,116701,116702,116704,116706,116708,116710],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,116703,82],{"class":58},[44,116705,63],{"class":62},[44,116707,11958],{"class":97},[44,116709,3480],{"class":62},[44,116711,54559],{"class":3483},[44,116713,116714,116716,116718,116720,116722],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,116715,82],{"class":58},[44,116717,63],{"class":62},[44,116719,14157],{"class":97},[44,116721,3480],{"class":62},[44,116723,116193],{"class":3483},[20,116725,116726],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,116728,116729,116730,504],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[491,116731,14715],{"href":56847},[30,116733,116735],{"id":116734},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,116737,116738],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[126,116740,116741,116744,116747],{},[129,116742,116743],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[129,116745,116746],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[129,116748,116749],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,116751,116752],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[35,116754,116756],{"className":37,"code":116755,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,116757,116758,116764,116768,116794,116808,116826,116830,116852,116856,116869,116882],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116759,116760,116762],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116761,34917],{"class":1384},[44,116763,115527],{"class":50},[44,116765,116766],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,116767,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,116769,116770,116772,116774,116776,116778,116780,116782,116784,116786,116788,116790,116792],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,116771,11911],{"class":50},[44,116773,55],{"class":54},[44,116775,10313],{"class":62},[44,116777,67],{"class":66},[44,116779,16217],{"class":70},[44,116781,67],{"class":66},[44,116783,449],{"class":62},[44,116785,3440],{"class":62},[44,116787,2161],{"class":452},[44,116789,186],{"class":62},[44,116791,7620],{"class":452},[44,116793,13532],{"class":62},[44,116795,116796,116798,116800,116802,116804,116806],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,116797,115562],{"class":50},[44,116799,55],{"class":54},[44,116801,11986],{"class":50},[44,116803,504],{"class":62},[44,116805,12736],{"class":97},[44,116807,345],{"class":62},[44,116809,116810,116812,116814,116816,116818,116820,116822,116824],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,116811,115582],{"class":50},[44,116813,55],{"class":54},[44,116815,115567],{"class":50},[44,116817,504],{"class":62},[44,116819,115591],{"class":97},[44,116821,63],{"class":62},[44,116823,11958],{"class":97},[44,116825,76],{"class":62},[44,116827,116828],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,116829,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,116831,116832,116834,116836,116838,116840,116842,116844,116846,116848,116850],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,116833,11958],{"class":50},[44,116835,3723],{"class":62},[44,116837,67],{"class":66},[44,116839,16217],{"class":70},[44,116841,67],{"class":66},[44,116843,13376],{"class":62},[44,116845,13379],{"class":97},[44,116847,63],{"class":62},[44,116849,36667],{"class":452},[44,116851,76],{"class":62},[44,116853,116854],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,116855,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,116857,116858,116860,116862,116864,116866],{"class":46,"line":6261},[44,116859,82],{"class":58},[44,116861,63],{"class":62},[44,116863,11958],{"class":97},[44,116865,3480],{"class":62},[44,116867,116868],{"class":3483},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[44,116870,116871,116873,116875,116877,116879],{"class":46,"line":6266},[44,116872,82],{"class":58},[44,116874,63],{"class":62},[44,116876,115645],{"class":97},[44,116878,3480],{"class":62},[44,116880,116881],{"class":3483},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[44,116883,116884,116886,116888,116890,116892],{"class":46,"line":11420},[44,116885,82],{"class":58},[44,116887,63],{"class":62},[44,116889,115659],{"class":97},[44,116891,3480],{"class":62},[44,116893,116894],{"class":3483},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,116896,116897],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[30,116899,116901],{"id":116900},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,116903,116904],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[126,116906,116907,116910,116913,116916],{},[129,116908,116909],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[129,116911,116912],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[129,116914,116915],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[129,116917,116918],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,116920,116921],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[35,116923,116925],{"className":37,"code":116924,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,116926,116927,116935,116943,116947,116955,116959,116971],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116928,116929,116931,116933],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116930,1070],{"class":50},[44,116932,55],{"class":54},[44,116934,2412],{"class":452},[44,116936,116937,116939,116941],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,116938,1089],{"class":50},[44,116940,55],{"class":54},[44,116942,36000],{"class":50},[44,116944,116945],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,116946,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,116948,116949,116951,116953],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,116950,1089],{"class":50},[44,116952,55],{"class":54},[44,116954,14441],{"class":452},[44,116956,116957],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,116958,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,116960,116961,116963,116965,116967,116969],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,116962,82],{"class":58},[44,116964,63],{"class":62},[44,116966,491],{"class":97},[44,116968,3480],{"class":62},[44,116970,26625],{"class":3483},[44,116972,116973,116975,116977,116979,116981],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,116974,82],{"class":58},[44,116976,63],{"class":62},[44,116978,4587],{"class":97},[44,116980,3480],{"class":62},[44,116982,27446],{"class":3483},[20,116984,93141,116985,116988],{},[491,116986,116987],{"href":11890},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[30,116990,1486],{"id":1485},[20,116992,116993],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[126,116995,116996,117000,117005,117010,117013],{},[129,116997,8243,116998,56411],{},[15,116999,55],{},[129,117001,8243,117002,117004],{},[15,117003,55228],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[129,117006,8243,117007,117009],{},[15,117008,12259],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[129,117011,117012],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[129,117014,117015],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117017,117018],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[35,117020,117022],{"className":37,"code":117021,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117023,117024,117038,117052,117074,117105],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117025,117026,117028,117030,117032,117034,117036],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117027,82],{"class":58},[44,117029,63],{"class":62},[44,117031,11911],{"class":97},[44,117033,206],{"class":1384},[44,117035,14211],{"class":97},[44,117037,76],{"class":62},[44,117039,117040,117042,117044,117046,117048,117050],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,117041,82],{"class":58},[44,117043,63],{"class":62},[44,117045,11911],{"class":97},[44,117047,4515],{"class":54},[44,117049,14211],{"class":97},[44,117051,76],{"class":62},[44,117053,117054,117056,117058,117060,117062,117064,117066,117068,117070,117072],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,117055,82],{"class":58},[44,117057,63],{"class":62},[44,117059,12474],{"class":58},[44,117061,63],{"class":62},[44,117063,11958],{"class":97},[44,117065,9055],{"class":62},[44,117067,14643],{"class":58},[44,117069,63],{"class":62},[44,117071,14157],{"class":97},[44,117073,434],{"class":62},[44,117075,117076,117078,117080,117082,117084,117086,117088,117090,117093,117095,117097,117099,117101,117103],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,117077,82],{"class":58},[44,117079,63],{"class":62},[44,117081,12474],{"class":58},[44,117083,63],{"class":62},[44,117085,11958],{"class":97},[44,117087,3723],{"class":62},[44,117089,1951],{"class":452},[44,117091,117092],{"class":62},"]),",[44,117094,14643],{"class":58},[44,117096,63],{"class":62},[44,117098,14157],{"class":97},[44,117100,3723],{"class":62},[44,117102,1951],{"class":452},[44,117104,2819],{"class":62},[44,117106,117107,117109,117111,117113,117115,117117],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,117108,82],{"class":58},[44,117110,63],{"class":62},[44,117112,427],{"class":426},[44,117114,63],{"class":62},[44,117116,11958],{"class":97},[44,117118,434],{"class":62},[20,117120,117121],{},"What they tell you:",[126,117123,117124,117129,117134,117139,117149],{},[129,117125,117126,117128],{},[15,117127,206],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[129,117130,117131,117133],{},[15,117132,4515],{}," checks whether values are equal",[129,117135,117136,117138],{},[15,117137,43302],{}," shows the identity of an object",[129,117140,117141,117142,1126,117145,117148],{},"comparing ",[15,117143,117144],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117146,117147],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[129,117150,117151,117153],{},[15,117152,2132],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[30,117155,1651],{"id":1650},[600,117157,117159],{"id":117158},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117161,117162],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[600,117164,56897],{"id":56812},[20,117166,117167],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[600,117169,117171],{"id":117170},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117173,117174],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[600,117176,117178],{"id":117177},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117180,117181],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[600,117183,117185],{"id":117184},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117187,117188],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[30,117190,1719],{"id":1718},[126,117192,117193,117198,117204,117210,117214],{},[129,117194,117195],{},[491,117196,117197],{"href":11890},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[129,117199,117200],{},[491,117201,13,117202,10564],{"href":54587},[15,117203,55228],{},[129,117205,117206],{},[491,117207,13,117208,10564],{"href":12256},[15,117209,12259],{},[129,117211,117212],{},[491,117213,14792],{"href":56847},[129,117215,117216],{},[491,117217,117218],{"href":58122},"What is a list in Python?",[1758,117220,117221],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":117223},[117224,117225,117226,117227,117228,117229,117234,117235,117236,117237,117238,117239,117246],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":115679,"depth":79,"text":115680},{"id":115700,"depth":79,"text":115701},{"id":115943,"depth":79,"text":115944},{"id":116083,"depth":79,"text":116084},{"id":116199,"depth":79,"text":116200,"children":117230},[117231,117232,117233],{"id":116206,"depth":419,"text":116207},{"id":116275,"depth":419,"text":116276},{"id":116374,"depth":419,"text":116375},{"id":116488,"depth":79,"text":116489},{"id":116620,"depth":79,"text":116621},{"id":116734,"depth":79,"text":116735},{"id":116900,"depth":79,"text":116901},{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":117240},[117241,117242,117243,117244,117245],{"id":117158,"depth":419,"text":117159},{"id":56812,"depth":419,"text":56897},{"id":117170,"depth":419,"text":117171},{"id":117177,"depth":419,"text":117178},{"id":117184,"depth":419,"text":117185},{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115480,"description":117247},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117253,"title":117254,"body":117255,"description":119112,"extension":1796,"meta":119113,"navigation":807,"path":119114,"seo":119115,"stem":119116,"__hash__":119117},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117256,"toc":119070},[117257,117262,117267,117275,117277,117345,117350,117355,117370,117373,117375,117406,117408,117428,117431,117446,117448,117451,117524,117526,117571,117573,117584,117589,117593,117598,117601,117640,117642,117662,117665,117722,117724,117759,117762,117801,117803,117823,117826,117857,117859,117915,117917,117922,117993,117995,118028,118033,118038,118103,118105,118142,118145,118222,118224,118284,118291,118296,118299,118302,118383,118385,118426,118431,118434,118512,118514,118547,118556,118563,118566,118577,118580,118591,118595,118603,118612,118616,118621,118625,118630,118673,118676,118682,118685,118687,118734,118739,118743,118746,118795,118797,118818,118821,118823,118848,118851,118972,118977,118979,118984,118987,118992,118995,119003,119008,119015,119018,119026,119029,119031,119067],[10,117258,13,117260,18],{"id":117259},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117261,74054],{},[20,117263,117264,117266],{},[15,117265,74054],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117268,117269,117270,2018,117272,117274],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117271,77497],{},[15,117273,74054],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[30,117276,3425],{"id":3424},[35,117278,117280],{"className":37,"code":117279,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117281,117282,117302,117316,117320,117332],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117283,117284,117286,117288,117290,117292,117294,117296,117298,117300],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117285,3435],{"class":50},[44,117287,55],{"class":54},[44,117289,3440],{"class":62},[44,117291,1894],{"class":452},[44,117293,186],{"class":62},[44,117295,711],{"class":452},[44,117297,186],{"class":62},[44,117299,2812],{"class":452},[44,117301,3453],{"class":62},[44,117303,117304,117306,117308,117310,117312,117314],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,117305,2059],{"class":50},[44,117307,55],{"class":54},[44,117309,74188],{"class":58},[44,117311,63],{"class":62},[44,117313,3467],{"class":97},[44,117315,76],{"class":62},[44,117317,117318],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,117319,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,117321,117322,117324,117326,117328,117330],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,117323,82],{"class":58},[44,117325,63],{"class":62},[44,117327,2094],{"class":97},[44,117329,3480],{"class":62},[44,117331,55315],{"class":3483},[44,117333,117334,117336,117338,117340,117342],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,117335,82],{"class":58},[44,117337,63],{"class":62},[44,117339,3467],{"class":97},[44,117341,3480],{"class":62},[44,117343,117344],{"class":3483},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117346,117347,117349],{},[15,117348,74054],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[30,117351,113,117353,116],{"id":117352},"what-sorted-does",[15,117354,74054],{},[126,117356,117357,117361,117364,117367],{},[129,117358,117359,62555],{},[15,117360,74054],{},[129,117362,117363],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[129,117365,117366],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[129,117368,117369],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117371,117372],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[30,117374,250],{"id":249},[35,117376,117378],{"className":37,"code":117377,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117379,117380],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117381,117382,117384,117386,117388,117390,117392,117394,117396,117398,117400,117402,117404],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117383,74144],{"class":58},[44,117385,63],{"class":62},[44,117387,3540],{"class":97},[44,117389,186],{"class":62},[44,117391,21408],{"class":8998},[44,117393,55],{"class":54},[44,117395,3599],{"class":3674},[44,117397,186],{"class":62},[44,117399,77700],{"class":8998},[44,117401,55],{"class":54},[44,117403,3494],{"class":3674},[44,117405,76],{"class":62},[600,117407,17224],{"id":17223},[126,117409,117410,117415,117420],{},[129,117411,117412,117414],{},[15,117413,3540],{},": the values to sort",[129,117416,117417,117419],{},[15,117418,14668],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[129,117421,117422,117424,117425,117427],{},[15,117423,73207],{},": set to ",[15,117426,3420],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117429,117430],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[35,117432,117434],{"className":37,"code":117433,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117435,117436],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117437,117438,117440,117442,117444],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117439,74144],{"class":58},[44,117441,63],{"class":62},[44,117443,59936],{"class":97},[44,117445,76],{"class":62},[30,117447,11300],{"id":11299},[20,117449,117450],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[35,117452,117454],{"className":37,"code":117453,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117455,117456,117480,117484,117499,117503,117514],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117457,117458,117460,117462,117464,117466,117468,117470,117472,117474,117476,117478],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117459,3435],{"class":50},[44,117461,55],{"class":54},[44,117463,3440],{"class":62},[44,117465,1129],{"class":452},[44,117467,186],{"class":62},[44,117469,2812],{"class":452},[44,117471,186],{"class":62},[44,117473,6189],{"class":452},[44,117475,186],{"class":62},[44,117477,711],{"class":452},[44,117479,3453],{"class":62},[44,117481,117482],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,117483,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,117485,117486,117489,117491,117493,117495,117497],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,117487,117488],{"class":50},"sorted_numbers ",[44,117490,55],{"class":54},[44,117492,74188],{"class":58},[44,117494,63],{"class":62},[44,117496,3467],{"class":97},[44,117498,76],{"class":62},[44,117500,117501],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,117502,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,117504,117505,117507,117509,117512],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,117506,82],{"class":58},[44,117508,63],{"class":62},[44,117510,117511],{"class":97},"sorted_numbers",[44,117513,76],{"class":62},[44,117515,117516,117518,117520,117522],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,117517,82],{"class":58},[44,117519,63],{"class":62},[44,117521,3467],{"class":97},[44,117523,76],{"class":62},[20,117525,1031],{},[35,117527,117529],{"className":37,"code":117528,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117530,117531,117551],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117532,117533,117535,117537,117539,117541,117543,117545,117547,117549],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117534,3723],{"class":62},[44,117536,2807],{"class":452},[44,117538,186],{"class":62},[44,117540,2812],{"class":452},[44,117542,186],{"class":62},[44,117544,4431],{"class":452},[44,117546,186],{"class":62},[44,117548,6189],{"class":452},[44,117550,3453],{"class":62},[44,117552,117553,117555,117557,117559,117561,117563,117565,117567,117569],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,117554,3723],{"class":62},[44,117556,1129],{"class":452},[44,117558,186],{"class":62},[44,117560,2812],{"class":452},[44,117562,186],{"class":62},[44,117564,6189],{"class":452},[44,117566,186],{"class":62},[44,117568,711],{"class":452},[44,117570,3453],{"class":62},[20,117572,13589],{},[126,117574,117575,117580],{},[129,117576,117577,117579],{},[15,117578,117511],{}," is a new sorted list",[129,117581,117582,112116],{},[15,117583,3467],{},[20,117585,117586,117587,504],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[491,117588,78007],{"href":78006},[30,117590,117592],{"id":117591},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117594,117595,117597],{},[15,117596,74054],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[600,117599,117600],{"id":7921},"List",[35,117602,117604],{"className":37,"code":117603,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117605,117606,117626],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117607,117608,117610,117612,117614,117616,117618,117620,117622,117624],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117609,3435],{"class":50},[44,117611,55],{"class":54},[44,117613,3440],{"class":62},[44,117615,1894],{"class":452},[44,117617,186],{"class":62},[44,117619,711],{"class":452},[44,117621,186],{"class":62},[44,117623,2812],{"class":452},[44,117625,3453],{"class":62},[44,117627,117628,117630,117632,117634,117636,117638],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,117629,82],{"class":58},[44,117631,63],{"class":62},[44,117633,74144],{"class":58},[44,117635,63],{"class":62},[44,117637,3467],{"class":97},[44,117639,434],{"class":62},[20,117641,1031],{},[35,117643,117644],{"className":37,"code":54777,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,117645,117646],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117647,117648,117650,117652,117654,117656,117658,117660],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117649,3723],{"class":62},[44,117651,2807],{"class":452},[44,117653,186],{"class":62},[44,117655,2812],{"class":452},[44,117657,186],{"class":62},[44,117659,2282],{"class":452},[44,117661,3453],{"class":62},[600,117663,117664],{"id":48578},"Tuple",[35,117666,117668],{"className":37,"code":117667,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117669,117670,117690,117704],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117671,117672,117674,117676,117678,117680,117682,117684,117686,117688],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117673,3644],{"class":50},[44,117675,55],{"class":54},[44,117677,9058],{"class":62},[44,117679,1894],{"class":452},[44,117681,186],{"class":62},[44,117683,711],{"class":452},[44,117685,186],{"class":62},[44,117687,2812],{"class":452},[44,117689,76],{"class":62},[44,117691,117692,117694,117696,117698,117700,117702],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,117693,82],{"class":58},[44,117695,63],{"class":62},[44,117697,74144],{"class":58},[44,117699,63],{"class":62},[44,117701,5187],{"class":97},[44,117703,434],{"class":62},[44,117705,117706,117708,117710,117712,117714,117716,117718,117720],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,117707,82],{"class":58},[44,117709,63],{"class":62},[44,117711,427],{"class":426},[44,117713,63],{"class":62},[44,117715,74144],{"class":58},[44,117717,63],{"class":62},[44,117719,5187],{"class":97},[44,117721,2731],{"class":62},[20,117723,1031],{},[35,117725,117727],{"className":37,"code":117726,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,117728,117729,117745],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117730,117731,117733,117735,117737,117739,117741,117743],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117732,3723],{"class":62},[44,117734,2807],{"class":452},[44,117736,186],{"class":62},[44,117738,2812],{"class":452},[44,117740,186],{"class":62},[44,117742,2282],{"class":452},[44,117744,3453],{"class":62},[44,117746,117747,117749,117751,117753,117755,117757],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,117748,463],{"class":54},[44,117750,467],{"class":466},[44,117752,470],{"class":66},[44,117754,7921],{"class":70},[44,117756,476],{"class":66},[44,117758,479],{"class":54},[600,117760,117761],{"id":6116},"Set",[35,117763,117765],{"className":37,"code":117764,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,117766,117767,117787],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117768,117769,117771,117773,117775,117777,117779,117781,117783,117785],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117770,3644],{"class":50},[44,117772,55],{"class":54},[44,117774,10313],{"class":62},[44,117776,1894],{"class":452},[44,117778,186],{"class":62},[44,117780,711],{"class":452},[44,117782,186],{"class":62},[44,117784,2812],{"class":452},[44,117786,9130],{"class":62},[44,117788,117789,117791,117793,117795,117797,117799],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,117790,82],{"class":58},[44,117792,63],{"class":62},[44,117794,74144],{"class":58},[44,117796,63],{"class":62},[44,117798,5187],{"class":97},[44,117800,434],{"class":62},[20,117802,1031],{},[35,117804,117805],{"className":37,"code":54777,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,117806,117807],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117808,117809,117811,117813,117815,117817,117819,117821],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117810,3723],{"class":62},[44,117812,2807],{"class":452},[44,117814,186],{"class":62},[44,117816,2812],{"class":452},[44,117818,186],{"class":62},[44,117820,2282],{"class":452},[44,117822,3453],{"class":62},[600,117824,117825],{"id":60803},"String",[35,117827,117829],{"className":37,"code":117828,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,117830,117831,117843],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117832,117833,117835,117837,117839,117841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117834,34514],{"class":50},[44,117836,55],{"class":54},[44,117838,1438],{"class":66},[44,117840,39],{"class":70},[44,117842,3176],{"class":66},[44,117844,117845,117847,117849,117851,117853,117855],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,117846,82],{"class":58},[44,117848,63],{"class":62},[44,117850,74144],{"class":58},[44,117852,63],{"class":62},[44,117854,34535],{"class":97},[44,117856,434],{"class":62},[20,117858,1031],{},[35,117860,117861],{"className":37,"code":79024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,117862,117863],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117864,117865,117867,117869,117871,117873,117875,117877,117879,117881,117883,117885,117887,117889,117891,117893,117895,117897,117899,117901,117903,117905,117907,117909,117911,117913],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117866,3723],{"class":62},[44,117868,476],{"class":66},[44,117870,60067],{"class":70},[44,117872,476],{"class":66},[44,117874,186],{"class":62},[44,117876,470],{"class":66},[44,117878,75660],{"class":70},[44,117880,476],{"class":66},[44,117882,186],{"class":62},[44,117884,470],{"class":66},[44,117886,60102],{"class":70},[44,117888,476],{"class":66},[44,117890,186],{"class":62},[44,117892,470],{"class":66},[44,117894,20],{"class":70},[44,117896,476],{"class":66},[44,117898,186],{"class":62},[44,117900,470],{"class":66},[44,117902,62916],{"class":70},[44,117904,476],{"class":66},[44,117906,186],{"class":62},[44,117908,470],{"class":66},[44,117910,11570],{"class":70},[44,117912,476],{"class":66},[44,117914,3453],{"class":62},[600,117916,29053],{"id":15432},[20,117918,63169,117919,117921],{},[15,117920,74054],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[35,117923,117925],{"className":37,"code":117924,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,117926,117927,117979],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117928,117929,117931,117933,117935,117937,117939,117941,117943,117945,117947,117949,117951,117953,117955,117957,117959,117961,117963,117965,117967,117969,117971,117973,117975,117977],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117930,13030],{"class":50},[44,117932,55],{"class":54},[44,117934,10313],{"class":62},[44,117936,67],{"class":66},[44,117938,652],{"class":70},[44,117940,67],{"class":66},[44,117942,449],{"class":62},[44,117944,1438],{"class":66},[44,117946,12705],{"class":70},[44,117948,67],{"class":66},[44,117950,186],{"class":62},[44,117952,1438],{"class":66},[44,117954,414],{"class":70},[44,117956,67],{"class":66},[44,117958,449],{"class":62},[44,117960,7620],{"class":452},[44,117962,186],{"class":62},[44,117964,1438],{"class":66},[44,117966,10231],{"class":70},[44,117968,67],{"class":66},[44,117970,449],{"class":62},[44,117972,1438],{"class":66},[44,117974,15859],{"class":70},[44,117976,67],{"class":66},[44,117978,9130],{"class":62},[44,117980,117981,117983,117985,117987,117989,117991],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,117982,82],{"class":58},[44,117984,63],{"class":62},[44,117986,74144],{"class":58},[44,117988,63],{"class":62},[44,117990,17136],{"class":97},[44,117992,434],{"class":62},[20,117994,1031],{},[35,117996,117998],{"className":37,"code":117997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,117999,118000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118001,118002,118004,118006,118008,118010,118012,118014,118016,118018,118020,118022,118024,118026],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118003,3723],{"class":62},[44,118005,476],{"class":66},[44,118007,414],{"class":70},[44,118009,476],{"class":66},[44,118011,186],{"class":62},[44,118013,470],{"class":66},[44,118015,10231],{"class":70},[44,118017,476],{"class":66},[44,118019,186],{"class":62},[44,118021,470],{"class":66},[44,118023,652],{"class":70},[44,118025,476],{"class":66},[44,118027,3453],{"class":62},[30,118029,8243,118031],{"id":118030},"using-reversetrue",[15,118032,77721],{},[20,118034,103,118035,118037],{},[15,118036,77721],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[35,118039,118041],{"className":37,"code":118040,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118042,118043,118063,118067,118081],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118044,118045,118047,118049,118051,118053,118055,118057,118059,118061],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118046,3435],{"class":50},[44,118048,55],{"class":54},[44,118050,3440],{"class":62},[44,118052,1894],{"class":452},[44,118054,186],{"class":62},[44,118056,711],{"class":452},[44,118058,186],{"class":62},[44,118060,2812],{"class":452},[44,118062,3453],{"class":62},[44,118064,118065],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,118066,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,118068,118069,118071,118073,118075,118077,118079],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,118070,82],{"class":58},[44,118072,63],{"class":62},[44,118074,74144],{"class":58},[44,118076,63],{"class":62},[44,118078,3467],{"class":97},[44,118080,434],{"class":62},[44,118082,118083,118085,118087,118089,118091,118093,118095,118097,118099,118101],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,118084,82],{"class":58},[44,118086,63],{"class":62},[44,118088,74144],{"class":58},[44,118090,63],{"class":62},[44,118092,3467],{"class":97},[44,118094,186],{"class":62},[44,118096,77700],{"class":8998},[44,118098,55],{"class":54},[44,118100,3420],{"class":3674},[44,118102,434],{"class":62},[20,118104,1031],{},[35,118106,118108],{"className":37,"code":118107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118109,118110,118126],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118111,118112,118114,118116,118118,118120,118122,118124],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118113,3723],{"class":62},[44,118115,2807],{"class":452},[44,118117,186],{"class":62},[44,118119,2812],{"class":452},[44,118121,186],{"class":62},[44,118123,2282],{"class":452},[44,118125,3453],{"class":62},[44,118127,118128,118130,118132,118134,118136,118138,118140],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,118129,3723],{"class":62},[44,118131,1894],{"class":452},[44,118133,186],{"class":62},[44,118135,2812],{"class":452},[44,118137,186],{"class":62},[44,118139,711],{"class":452},[44,118141,3453],{"class":62},[20,118143,118144],{},"This also works with strings:",[35,118146,118148],{"className":37,"code":118147,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118149,118150,118182,118186,118200],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118151,118152,118154,118156,118158,118160,118162,118164,118166,118168,118170,118172,118174,118176,118178,118180],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118153,3894],{"class":50},[44,118155,55],{"class":54},[44,118157,3440],{"class":62},[44,118159,67],{"class":66},[44,118161,3903],{"class":70},[44,118163,67],{"class":66},[44,118165,186],{"class":62},[44,118167,1438],{"class":66},[44,118169,3912],{"class":70},[44,118171,67],{"class":66},[44,118173,186],{"class":62},[44,118175,1438],{"class":66},[44,118177,3921],{"class":70},[44,118179,67],{"class":66},[44,118181,3453],{"class":62},[44,118183,118184],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,118185,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,118187,118188,118190,118192,118194,118196,118198],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,118189,82],{"class":58},[44,118191,63],{"class":62},[44,118193,74144],{"class":58},[44,118195,63],{"class":62},[44,118197,3938],{"class":97},[44,118199,434],{"class":62},[44,118201,118202,118204,118206,118208,118210,118212,118214,118216,118218,118220],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,118203,82],{"class":58},[44,118205,63],{"class":62},[44,118207,74144],{"class":58},[44,118209,63],{"class":62},[44,118211,3938],{"class":97},[44,118213,186],{"class":62},[44,118215,77700],{"class":8998},[44,118217,55],{"class":54},[44,118219,3420],{"class":3674},[44,118221,434],{"class":62},[20,118223,1031],{},[35,118225,118226],{"className":37,"code":73788,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,118227,118228,118256],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118229,118230,118232,118234,118236,118238,118240,118242,118244,118246,118248,118250,118252,118254],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118231,3723],{"class":62},[44,118233,476],{"class":66},[44,118235,3903],{"class":70},[44,118237,476],{"class":66},[44,118239,186],{"class":62},[44,118241,470],{"class":66},[44,118243,3912],{"class":70},[44,118245,476],{"class":66},[44,118247,186],{"class":62},[44,118249,470],{"class":66},[44,118251,3921],{"class":70},[44,118253,476],{"class":66},[44,118255,3453],{"class":62},[44,118257,118258,118260,118262,118264,118266,118268,118270,118272,118274,118276,118278,118280,118282],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,118259,3723],{"class":62},[44,118261,476],{"class":66},[44,118263,3921],{"class":70},[44,118265,476],{"class":66},[44,118267,186],{"class":62},[44,118269,470],{"class":66},[44,118271,3912],{"class":70},[44,118273,476],{"class":66},[44,118275,186],{"class":62},[44,118277,470],{"class":66},[44,118279,3903],{"class":70},[44,118281,476],{"class":66},[44,118283,3453],{"class":62},[30,118285,8243,118287,118290],{"id":118286},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118288,118289],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118292,22,118293,118295],{},[15,118294,118289],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118297,118298],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118300,118301],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[35,118303,118305],{"className":37,"code":118304,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118306,118307,118347,118351,118373],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118308,118309,118311,118313,118315,118317,118319,118321,118323,118325,118327,118329,118331,118333,118335,118337,118339,118341,118343,118345],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118310,3894],{"class":50},[44,118312,55],{"class":54},[44,118314,3440],{"class":62},[44,118316,67],{"class":66},[44,118318,78374],{"class":70},[44,118320,67],{"class":66},[44,118322,186],{"class":62},[44,118324,1438],{"class":66},[44,118326,38184],{"class":70},[44,118328,67],{"class":66},[44,118330,186],{"class":62},[44,118332,1438],{"class":66},[44,118334,3912],{"class":70},[44,118336,67],{"class":66},[44,118338,186],{"class":62},[44,118340,1438],{"class":66},[44,118342,38167],{"class":70},[44,118344,67],{"class":66},[44,118346,3453],{"class":62},[44,118348,118349],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,118350,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,118352,118353,118355,118357,118359,118361,118363,118365,118367,118369,118371],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,118354,2059],{"class":50},[44,118356,55],{"class":54},[44,118358,74188],{"class":58},[44,118360,63],{"class":62},[44,118362,3938],{"class":97},[44,118364,186],{"class":62},[44,118366,21408],{"class":8998},[44,118368,55],{"class":54},[44,118370,10986],{"class":58},[44,118372,76],{"class":62},[44,118374,118375,118377,118379,118381],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,118376,82],{"class":58},[44,118378,63],{"class":62},[44,118380,2094],{"class":97},[44,118382,76],{"class":62},[20,118384,1031],{},[35,118386,118388],{"className":37,"code":118387,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118389,118390],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118391,118392,118394,118396,118398,118400,118402,118404,118406,118408,118410,118412,118414,118416,118418,118420,118422,118424],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118393,3723],{"class":62},[44,118395,476],{"class":66},[44,118397,38184],{"class":70},[44,118399,476],{"class":66},[44,118401,186],{"class":62},[44,118403,470],{"class":66},[44,118405,78374],{"class":70},[44,118407,476],{"class":66},[44,118409,186],{"class":62},[44,118411,470],{"class":66},[44,118413,38167],{"class":70},[44,118415,476],{"class":66},[44,118417,186],{"class":62},[44,118419,470],{"class":66},[44,118421,3912],{"class":70},[44,118423,476],{"class":66},[44,118425,3453],{"class":62},[20,118427,20599,118428,118430],{},[15,118429,10986],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118432,118433],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[35,118435,118437],{"className":37,"code":118436,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118438,118439,118472,118476,118502],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118440,118441,118443,118445,118447,118449,118451,118453,118455,118457,118459,118461,118463,118465,118468,118470],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118442,3894],{"class":50},[44,118444,55],{"class":54},[44,118446,3440],{"class":62},[44,118448,67],{"class":66},[44,118450,82993],{"class":70},[44,118452,67],{"class":66},[44,118454,186],{"class":62},[44,118456,1438],{"class":66},[44,118458,3903],{"class":70},[44,118460,67],{"class":66},[44,118462,186],{"class":62},[44,118464,1438],{"class":66},[44,118466,118467],{"class":70},"Cherry",[44,118469,67],{"class":66},[44,118471,3453],{"class":62},[44,118473,118474],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,118475,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,118477,118478,118480,118482,118484,118486,118488,118490,118492,118494,118496,118498,118500],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,118479,2059],{"class":50},[44,118481,55],{"class":54},[44,118483,74188],{"class":58},[44,118485,63],{"class":62},[44,118487,3938],{"class":97},[44,118489,186],{"class":62},[44,118491,21408],{"class":8998},[44,118493,55],{"class":54},[44,118495,473],{"class":426},[44,118497,504],{"class":62},[44,118499,8465],{"class":24579},[44,118501,76],{"class":62},[44,118503,118504,118506,118508,118510],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,118505,82],{"class":58},[44,118507,63],{"class":62},[44,118509,2094],{"class":97},[44,118511,76],{"class":62},[20,118513,1031],{},[35,118515,118517],{"className":37,"code":118516,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118518,118519],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118520,118521,118523,118525,118527,118529,118531,118533,118535,118537,118539,118541,118543,118545],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118522,3723],{"class":62},[44,118524,476],{"class":66},[44,118526,3903],{"class":70},[44,118528,476],{"class":66},[44,118530,186],{"class":62},[44,118532,470],{"class":66},[44,118534,82993],{"class":70},[44,118536,476],{"class":66},[44,118538,186],{"class":62},[44,118540,470],{"class":66},[44,118542,118467],{"class":70},[44,118544,476],{"class":66},[44,118546,3453],{"class":62},[20,118548,118549,118550,35156,118552,504],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118551,42175],{},[491,118553,13,118554,1738],{"href":42172},[15,118555,42175],{},[30,118557,118559,10408,118561],{"id":118558},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118560,74054],{},[15,118562,77497],{},[20,118564,118565],{},"The main difference is this:",[126,118567,118568,118573],{},[129,118569,118570,118572],{},[15,118571,74054],{}," returns a new list",[129,118574,118575,73592],{},[15,118576,77497],{},[20,118578,118579],{},"Also:",[126,118581,118582,118587],{},[129,118583,118584,118586],{},[15,118585,74054],{}," works with many iterables",[129,118588,118589,78930],{},[15,118590,77497],{},[20,118592,103,118593,10424],{},[15,118594,74054],{},[126,118596,118597,118600],{},[129,118598,118599],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[129,118601,118602],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118604,118605,118606,504],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[491,118607,13,118608,10408,118610,5612],{"href":78755},[15,118609,74054],{},[15,118611,77497],{},[30,118613,118615],{"id":118614},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118617,118618,118619,504],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118620,74054],{},[600,118622,118624],{"id":118623},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118626,118627,118628,449],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118629,2825],{},[35,118631,118633],{"className":37,"code":118632,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118634,118635,118659],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118636,118637,118639,118641,118643,118645,118647,118649,118651,118653,118655,118657],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118638,3644],{"class":50},[44,118640,55],{"class":54},[44,118642,3440],{"class":62},[44,118644,2807],{"class":452},[44,118646,186],{"class":62},[44,118648,1438],{"class":66},[44,118650,1889],{"class":70},[44,118652,67],{"class":66},[44,118654,186],{"class":62},[44,118656,2282],{"class":452},[44,118658,3453],{"class":62},[44,118660,118661,118663,118665,118667,118669,118671],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,118662,82],{"class":58},[44,118664,63],{"class":62},[44,118666,74144],{"class":58},[44,118668,63],{"class":62},[44,118670,5187],{"class":97},[44,118672,434],{"class":62},[20,118674,118675],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[600,118677,118679,118680,2133],{"id":118678},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118681,14668],{},[20,118683,118684],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118686,145],{},[35,118688,118690],{"className":37,"code":118689,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118691,118692,118712],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118693,118694,118696,118698,118700,118702,118704,118706,118708,118710],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118695,3435],{"class":50},[44,118697,55],{"class":54},[44,118699,3440],{"class":62},[44,118701,2161],{"class":452},[44,118703,186],{"class":62},[44,118705,2812],{"class":452},[44,118707,186],{"class":62},[44,118709,7625],{"class":452},[44,118711,3453],{"class":62},[44,118713,118714,118716,118718,118720,118722,118724,118726,118728,118730,118732],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,118715,82],{"class":58},[44,118717,63],{"class":62},[44,118719,74144],{"class":58},[44,118721,63],{"class":62},[44,118723,3467],{"class":97},[44,118725,186],{"class":62},[44,118727,21408],{"class":8998},[44,118729,55],{"class":54},[44,118731,10986],{"class":58},[44,118733,434],{"class":62},[20,118735,48135,118736,118738],{},[15,118737,42175],{}," does not work on integers.",[600,118740,118742],{"id":118741},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,118744,118745],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[35,118747,118749],{"className":37,"code":118748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118750,118751,118771,118781,118785],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118752,118753,118755,118757,118759,118761,118763,118765,118767,118769],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118754,3435],{"class":50},[44,118756,55],{"class":54},[44,118758,3440],{"class":62},[44,118760,1894],{"class":452},[44,118762,186],{"class":62},[44,118764,711],{"class":452},[44,118766,186],{"class":62},[44,118768,2812],{"class":452},[44,118770,3453],{"class":62},[44,118772,118773,118775,118777,118779],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,118774,74144],{"class":58},[44,118776,63],{"class":62},[44,118778,3467],{"class":97},[44,118780,76],{"class":62},[44,118782,118783],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,118784,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,118786,118787,118789,118791,118793],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,118788,82],{"class":58},[44,118790,63],{"class":62},[44,118792,3467],{"class":97},[44,118794,76],{"class":62},[20,118796,1031],{},[35,118798,118800],{"className":37,"code":118799,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118801,118802],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118803,118804,118806,118808,118810,118812,118814,118816],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118805,3723],{"class":62},[44,118807,1894],{"class":452},[44,118809,186],{"class":62},[44,118811,711],{"class":452},[44,118813,186],{"class":62},[44,118815,2812],{"class":452},[44,118817,3453],{"class":62},[20,118819,118820],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[30,118822,1486],{"id":1485},[126,118824,118825,118829,118832,118837,118841],{},[129,118826,4405,118827,73592],{},[15,118828,74054],{},[129,118830,118831],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[129,118833,984,118834,118836],{},[15,118835,74054],{}," always returns a list",[129,118838,8243,118839,22932],{},[15,118840,118289],{},[129,118842,29480,118843,118845,118846],{},[15,118844,63941],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,118847,74054],{},[20,118849,118850],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[35,118852,118854],{"className":37,"code":118853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,118855,118856,118878,118904,118942],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118857,118858,118860,118862,118864,118866,118868,118870,118872,118874,118876],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118859,82],{"class":58},[44,118861,63],{"class":62},[44,118863,74144],{"class":58},[44,118865,2804],{"class":62},[44,118867,1894],{"class":452},[44,118869,186],{"class":62},[44,118871,711],{"class":452},[44,118873,186],{"class":62},[44,118875,2812],{"class":452},[44,118877,2819],{"class":62},[44,118879,118880,118882,118884,118886,118888,118890,118892,118894,118896,118898,118900,118902],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,118881,82],{"class":58},[44,118883,63],{"class":62},[44,118885,427],{"class":426},[44,118887,63],{"class":62},[44,118889,74144],{"class":58},[44,118891,5339],{"class":62},[44,118893,1894],{"class":452},[44,118895,186],{"class":62},[44,118897,711],{"class":452},[44,118899,186],{"class":62},[44,118901,2812],{"class":452},[44,118903,92997],{"class":62},[44,118905,118906,118908,118910,118912,118914,118916,118918,118920,118922,118924,118926,118928,118930,118932,118934,118936,118938,118940],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,118907,82],{"class":58},[44,118909,63],{"class":62},[44,118911,74144],{"class":58},[44,118913,2804],{"class":62},[44,118915,476],{"class":66},[44,118917,82993],{"class":70},[44,118919,476],{"class":66},[44,118921,186],{"class":62},[44,118923,470],{"class":66},[44,118925,3903],{"class":70},[44,118927,476],{"class":66},[44,118929,17892],{"class":62},[44,118931,21408],{"class":8998},[44,118933,55],{"class":54},[44,118935,473],{"class":426},[44,118937,504],{"class":62},[44,118939,8465],{"class":24579},[44,118941,434],{"class":62},[44,118943,118944,118946,118948,118950,118952,118954,118956,118958,118960,118962,118964,118966,118968,118970],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,118945,82],{"class":58},[44,118947,63],{"class":62},[44,118949,74144],{"class":58},[44,118951,2804],{"class":62},[44,118953,1894],{"class":452},[44,118955,186],{"class":62},[44,118957,711],{"class":452},[44,118959,186],{"class":62},[44,118961,2812],{"class":452},[44,118963,17892],{"class":62},[44,118965,77700],{"class":8998},[44,118967,55],{"class":54},[44,118969,3420],{"class":3674},[44,118971,434],{"class":62},[20,118973,118974,118975,504],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[491,118976,52398],{"href":50605},[30,118978,1651],{"id":1650},[600,118980,1655,118982,56791],{"id":118981},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,118983,74054],{},[20,118985,118986],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[600,118988,4970,118990,12540],{"id":118989},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,118991,74054],{},[20,118993,118994],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[600,118996,118998,118999,10916,119001,213],{"id":118997},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119000,74054],{},[15,119002,77497],{},[20,119004,103,119005,119007],{},[15,119006,74054],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[600,119009,4970,119011,86081,119013,213],{"id":119010},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119012,118289],{},[15,119014,74054],{},[20,119016,119017],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[600,119019,1683,119021,119023,119024,213],{"id":119020},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119022,74054],{}," give a ",[15,119025,2825],{},[20,119027,119028],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[30,119030,1719],{"id":1718},[126,119032,119033,119037,119045,119049,119055,119061],{},[129,119034,119035],{},[491,119036,79503],{"href":78006},[129,119038,119039],{},[491,119040,13,119041,10408,119043,5612],{"href":78755},[15,119042,74054],{},[15,119044,77497],{},[129,119046,119047],{},[491,119048,52398],{"href":50605},[129,119050,119051],{},[491,119052,13,119053,1738],{"href":42172},[15,119054,42175],{},[129,119056,119057],{},[491,119058,13,119059,1738],{"href":91653},[15,119060,35576],{},[129,119062,119063],{},[491,119064,13,119065,1738],{"href":36020},[15,119066,36023],{},[1758,119068,119069],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":119071},[119072,119073,119075,119078,119079,119086,119088,119090,119092,119098,119099,119111],{"id":3424,"depth":79,"text":3425},{"id":117352,"depth":79,"text":119074},"What sorted() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250,"children":119076},[119077],{"id":17223,"depth":419,"text":17224},{"id":11299,"depth":79,"text":11300},{"id":117591,"depth":79,"text":117592,"children":119080},[119081,119082,119083,119084,119085],{"id":7921,"depth":419,"text":117600},{"id":48578,"depth":419,"text":117664},{"id":6116,"depth":419,"text":117761},{"id":60803,"depth":419,"text":117825},{"id":15432,"depth":419,"text":29053},{"id":118030,"depth":79,"text":119087},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118286,"depth":79,"text":119089},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118558,"depth":79,"text":119091},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118614,"depth":79,"text":118615,"children":119093},[119094,119095,119097],{"id":118623,"depth":419,"text":118624},{"id":118678,"depth":419,"text":119096},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118741,"depth":419,"text":118742},{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":119100},[119101,119103,119105,119107,119109],{"id":118981,"depth":419,"text":119102},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":118989,"depth":419,"text":119104},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":118997,"depth":419,"text":119106},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119010,"depth":419,"text":119108},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119020,"depth":419,"text":119110},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117254,"description":119112},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119119,"title":119120,"body":119121,"description":121232,"extension":1796,"meta":121233,"navigation":807,"path":78755,"seo":121234,"stem":121235,"__hash__":121236},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119122,"toc":121179},[119123,119130,119133,119143,119149,119152,119170,119178,119180,119239,119247,119251,119273,119277,119281,119283,119300,119302,119314,119320,119404,119408,119455,119461,119468,119472,119477,119479,119491,119496,119549,119553,119573,119580,119587,119591,119594,119613,119617,119731,119735,119805,119807,119819,119824,119828,119841,119845,119920,119924,119963,119970,119976,119981,119985,119999,120003,120068,120072,120105,120108,120113,120121,120128,120141,120144,120148,120231,120235,120272,120276,120379,120383,120444,120449,120456,120460,120463,120469,120472,120539,120543,120567,120569,120587,120594,120647,120651,120671,120677,120679,120736,120743,120769,120774,120779,120787,120793,120853,120857,120904,120907,120909,120912,120938,120941,121034,121036,121056,121060,121063,121081,121087,121089,121097,121102,121109,121112,121118,121121,121127,121135,121143,121148,121150,121176],[10,119124,13,119126,10408,119128,92711],{"id":119125},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119127,74054],{},[15,119129,77497],{},[20,119131,119132],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[126,119134,119135,119139],{},[129,119136,119137],{},[15,119138,74054],{},[129,119140,119141],{},[15,119142,77497],{},[20,119144,119145,119146,119148],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[3563,119147,4457],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119150,119151],{},"The main difference is simple:",[126,119153,119154,119162],{},[129,119155,103,119156,119158,119159],{},[15,119157,74054],{}," when you want a ",[3563,119160,119161],{},"new sorted result",[129,119163,103,119164,119166,119167],{},[15,119165,77497],{}," when you want to ",[3563,119168,119169],{},"change the original list",[20,119171,119172,119173,2228,119175,119177],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119174,77497],{},[15,119176,3599],{}," and causes confusion.",[30,119179,3425],{"id":3424},[35,119181,119183],{"className":37,"code":119182,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119184,119185,119205,119209,119226],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119186,119187,119189,119191,119193,119195,119197,119199,119201,119203],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119188,3435],{"class":50},[44,119190,55],{"class":54},[44,119192,3440],{"class":62},[44,119194,1894],{"class":452},[44,119196,186],{"class":62},[44,119198,711],{"class":452},[44,119200,186],{"class":62},[44,119202,2812],{"class":452},[44,119204,3453],{"class":62},[44,119206,119207],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,119208,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,119210,119211,119213,119215,119217,119219,119221,119223],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,119212,55517],{"class":50},[44,119214,55],{"class":54},[44,119216,74188],{"class":58},[44,119218,63],{"class":62},[44,119220,3467],{"class":97},[44,119222,3480],{"class":62},[44,119224,119225],{"class":3483},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[44,119227,119228,119230,119232,119234,119236],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,119229,3467],{"class":50},[44,119231,504],{"class":62},[44,119233,34626],{"class":97},[44,119235,7196],{"class":62},[44,119237,119238],{"class":3483},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119240,103,119241,119243,119244,119246],{},[15,119242,74054],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119245,77497],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[30,119248,119250],{"id":119249},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[126,119252,119253,119258,119263,119270],{},[129,119254,103,119255,119257],{},[15,119256,74054],{}," to get a new sorted list",[129,119259,103,119260,119262],{},[15,119261,77497],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[129,119264,119265,119266,2228,119268],{},"Understand why ",[15,119267,77497],{},[15,119269,3599],{},[129,119271,119272],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[30,119274,113,119275,116],{"id":117352},[15,119276,74054],{},[20,119278,119279,62555],{},[15,119280,74054],{},[20,119282,48552],{},[126,119284,119285,119291,119297],{},[129,119286,119287,119288],{},"returns a ",[3563,119289,119290],{},"new list",[129,119292,119293,119294,119296],{},"does ",[3563,119295,4457],{}," change the original data",[129,119298,119299],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119301,50759],{},[126,119303,119304,119306,119308,119310,119312],{},[129,119305,5128],{},[129,119307,5131],{},[129,119309,5137],{},[129,119311,5134],{},[129,119313,35735],{},[600,119315,34904,119317,119319],{"id":119316},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119318,74054],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[35,119321,119323],{"className":37,"code":119322,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119324,119325,119345,119349,119363,119367,119385],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119326,119327,119329,119331,119333,119335,119337,119339,119341,119343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119328,3435],{"class":50},[44,119330,55],{"class":54},[44,119332,3440],{"class":62},[44,119334,1894],{"class":452},[44,119336,186],{"class":62},[44,119338,711],{"class":452},[44,119340,186],{"class":62},[44,119342,2812],{"class":452},[44,119344,3453],{"class":62},[44,119346,119347],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,119348,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,119350,119351,119353,119355,119357,119359,119361],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,119352,2059],{"class":50},[44,119354,55],{"class":54},[44,119356,74188],{"class":58},[44,119358,63],{"class":62},[44,119360,3467],{"class":97},[44,119362,76],{"class":62},[44,119364,119365],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,119366,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,119368,119369,119371,119373,119375,119377,119379,119381,119383],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,119370,82],{"class":58},[44,119372,63],{"class":62},[44,119374,67],{"class":66},[44,119376,11979],{"class":70},[44,119378,67],{"class":66},[44,119380,186],{"class":62},[44,119382,4088],{"class":97},[44,119384,76],{"class":62},[44,119386,119387,119389,119391,119393,119396,119398,119400,119402],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,119388,82],{"class":58},[44,119390,63],{"class":62},[44,119392,67],{"class":66},[44,119394,119395],{"class":70},"sorted result:",[44,119397,67],{"class":66},[44,119399,186],{"class":62},[44,119401,80847],{"class":97},[44,119403,76],{"class":62},[20,119405,119406],{},[3563,119407,1031],{},[35,119409,119411],{"className":37,"code":119410,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119412,119413,119433],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119414,119415,119417,119419,119421,119423,119425,119427,119429,119431],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119416,11958],{"class":50},[44,119418,449],{"class":62},[44,119420,3440],{"class":62},[44,119422,1894],{"class":452},[44,119424,186],{"class":62},[44,119426,711],{"class":452},[44,119428,186],{"class":62},[44,119430,2812],{"class":452},[44,119432,3453],{"class":62},[44,119434,119435,119437,119439,119441,119443,119445,119447,119449,119451,119453],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,119436,74144],{"class":58},[44,119438,80847],{"class":50},[44,119440,449],{"class":62},[44,119442,3440],{"class":62},[44,119444,2807],{"class":452},[44,119446,186],{"class":62},[44,119448,2812],{"class":452},[44,119450,186],{"class":62},[44,119452,2282],{"class":452},[44,119454,3453],{"class":62},[20,119456,119457,119458,119460],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119459,3467],{}," stays the same.",[20,119462,119463,119464,504],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[491,119465,13,119466,1738],{"href":74151},[15,119467,74054],{},[30,119469,113,119470,116],{"id":77563},[15,119471,77497],{},[20,119473,119474,119476],{},[15,119475,63941],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119478,48552],{},[126,119480,119481,119484,119487],{},[129,119482,119483],{},"changes the original list directly",[129,119485,119486],{},"only works on lists",[129,119488,3511,119489],{},[15,119490,3599],{},[600,119492,34904,119494,73592],{"id":119493},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119495,77497],{},[35,119497,119499],{"className":37,"code":119498,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119500,119501,119521,119525,119535,119539],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119502,119503,119505,119507,119509,119511,119513,119515,119517,119519],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119504,3435],{"class":50},[44,119506,55],{"class":54},[44,119508,3440],{"class":62},[44,119510,1894],{"class":452},[44,119512,186],{"class":62},[44,119514,711],{"class":452},[44,119516,186],{"class":62},[44,119518,2812],{"class":452},[44,119520,3453],{"class":62},[44,119522,119523],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,119524,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,119526,119527,119529,119531,119533],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,119528,3467],{"class":50},[44,119530,504],{"class":62},[44,119532,34626],{"class":97},[44,119534,345],{"class":62},[44,119536,119537],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,119538,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,119540,119541,119543,119545,119547],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,119542,82],{"class":58},[44,119544,63],{"class":62},[44,119546,3467],{"class":97},[44,119548,76],{"class":62},[20,119550,119551],{},[3563,119552,1031],{},[35,119554,119555],{"className":37,"code":54777,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,119556,119557],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119558,119559,119561,119563,119565,119567,119569,119571],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119560,3723],{"class":62},[44,119562,2807],{"class":452},[44,119564,186],{"class":62},[44,119566,2812],{"class":452},[44,119568,186],{"class":62},[44,119570,2282],{"class":452},[44,119572,3453],{"class":62},[20,119574,119575,119576,119579],{},"After calling ",[15,119577,119578],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119581,119582,119583,504],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[491,119584,13,119585,10564],{"href":74405},[15,119586,77497],{},[30,119588,119590],{"id":119589},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119592,119593],{},"Here is the core difference:",[126,119595,119596,119605],{},[129,119597,119598,119601,119602],{},[15,119599,119600],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[3563,119603,119604],{},"new sorted list",[129,119606,119607,119610,119611,73962],{},[15,119608,119609],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119612,8164],{},[600,119614,119616],{"id":119615},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[35,119618,119620],{"className":37,"code":119619,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119621,119622,119642,119646,119660,119679,119698,119702,119712],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119623,119624,119626,119628,119630,119632,119634,119636,119638,119640],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119625,3435],{"class":50},[44,119627,55],{"class":54},[44,119629,3440],{"class":62},[44,119631,1129],{"class":452},[44,119633,186],{"class":62},[44,119635,2812],{"class":452},[44,119637,186],{"class":62},[44,119639,2287],{"class":452},[44,119641,3453],{"class":62},[44,119643,119644],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,119645,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,119647,119648,119650,119652,119654,119656,119658],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,119649,1070],{"class":50},[44,119651,55],{"class":54},[44,119653,74188],{"class":58},[44,119655,63],{"class":62},[44,119657,3467],{"class":97},[44,119659,76],{"class":62},[44,119661,119662,119664,119666,119668,119671,119673,119675,119677],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,119663,82],{"class":58},[44,119665,63],{"class":62},[44,119667,67],{"class":66},[44,119669,119670],{"class":70},"numbers after sorted():",[44,119672,67],{"class":66},[44,119674,186],{"class":62},[44,119676,4088],{"class":97},[44,119678,76],{"class":62},[44,119680,119681,119683,119685,119687,119690,119692,119694,119696],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,119682,82],{"class":58},[44,119684,63],{"class":62},[44,119686,67],{"class":66},[44,119688,119689],{"class":70},"a:",[44,119691,67],{"class":66},[44,119693,186],{"class":62},[44,119695,56515],{"class":97},[44,119697,76],{"class":62},[44,119699,119700],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,119701,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,119703,119704,119706,119708,119710],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,119705,3467],{"class":50},[44,119707,504],{"class":62},[44,119709,34626],{"class":97},[44,119711,345],{"class":62},[44,119713,119714,119716,119718,119720,119723,119725,119727,119729],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,119715,82],{"class":58},[44,119717,63],{"class":62},[44,119719,67],{"class":66},[44,119721,119722],{"class":70},"numbers after sort():",[44,119724,67],{"class":66},[44,119726,186],{"class":62},[44,119728,4088],{"class":97},[44,119730,76],{"class":62},[20,119732,119733],{},[3563,119734,1031],{},[35,119736,119738],{"className":37,"code":119737,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,119739,119740,119763,119783],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119741,119742,119745,119747,119749,119751,119753,119755,119757,119759,119761],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119743,119744],{"class":50},"numbers after ",[44,119746,74144],{"class":58},[44,119748,29414],{"class":62},[44,119750,3440],{"class":62},[44,119752,1129],{"class":452},[44,119754,186],{"class":62},[44,119756,2812],{"class":452},[44,119758,186],{"class":62},[44,119760,2287],{"class":452},[44,119762,3453],{"class":62},[44,119764,119765,119767,119769,119771,119773,119775,119777,119779,119781],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,119766,491],{"class":50},[44,119768,449],{"class":62},[44,119770,3440],{"class":62},[44,119772,1889],{"class":452},[44,119774,186],{"class":62},[44,119776,2287],{"class":452},[44,119778,186],{"class":62},[44,119780,4431],{"class":452},[44,119782,3453],{"class":62},[44,119784,119785,119787,119789,119791,119793,119795,119797,119799,119801,119803],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,119786,119744],{"class":50},[44,119788,34626],{"class":97},[44,119790,29414],{"class":62},[44,119792,3440],{"class":62},[44,119794,1889],{"class":452},[44,119796,186],{"class":62},[44,119798,2287],{"class":452},[44,119800,186],{"class":62},[44,119802,4431],{"class":452},[44,119804,3453],{"class":62},[20,119806,10536],{},[126,119808,119809,119814],{},[129,119810,119811,119813],{},[15,119812,74054],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[129,119815,119816,119818],{},[15,119817,63941],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[30,119820,4788,119822],{"id":119821},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,119823,74054],{},[20,119825,103,119826,10424],{},[15,119827,74054],{},[126,119829,119830,119833,119835,119838],{},[129,119831,119832],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[129,119834,118602],{},[129,119836,119837],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[129,119839,119840],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[600,119842,119844],{"id":119843},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[35,119846,119848],{"className":37,"code":119847,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,119849,119850,119874,119878,119892,119896,119906],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119851,119852,119854,119856,119858,119860,119862,119864,119866,119868,119870,119872],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119853,3435],{"class":50},[44,119855,55],{"class":54},[44,119857,9058],{"class":62},[44,119859,1125],{"class":452},[44,119861,186],{"class":62},[44,119863,711],{"class":452},[44,119865,186],{"class":62},[44,119867,2282],{"class":452},[44,119869,186],{"class":62},[44,119871,2812],{"class":452},[44,119873,76],{"class":62},[44,119875,119876],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,119877,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,119879,119880,119882,119884,119886,119888,119890],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,119881,2059],{"class":50},[44,119883,55],{"class":54},[44,119885,74188],{"class":58},[44,119887,63],{"class":62},[44,119889,3467],{"class":97},[44,119891,76],{"class":62},[44,119893,119894],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,119895,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,119897,119898,119900,119902,119904],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,119899,82],{"class":58},[44,119901,63],{"class":62},[44,119903,2094],{"class":97},[44,119905,76],{"class":62},[44,119907,119908,119910,119912,119914,119916,119918],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,119909,82],{"class":58},[44,119911,63],{"class":62},[44,119913,427],{"class":426},[44,119915,63],{"class":62},[44,119917,2094],{"class":97},[44,119919,434],{"class":62},[20,119921,119922],{},[3563,119923,1031],{},[35,119925,119927],{"className":37,"code":119926,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,119928,119929,119949],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119930,119931,119933,119935,119937,119939,119941,119943,119945,119947],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119932,3723],{"class":62},[44,119934,2807],{"class":452},[44,119936,186],{"class":62},[44,119938,2812],{"class":452},[44,119940,186],{"class":62},[44,119942,2282],{"class":452},[44,119944,186],{"class":62},[44,119946,2287],{"class":452},[44,119948,3453],{"class":62},[44,119950,119951,119953,119955,119957,119959,119961],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,119952,463],{"class":54},[44,119954,467],{"class":466},[44,119956,470],{"class":66},[44,119958,7921],{"class":70},[44,119960,476],{"class":66},[44,119962,479],{"class":54},[20,119964,2116,119965,119967,119968,504],{},[15,119966,74054],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[3563,119969,7921],{},[20,119971,119972,119973,119975],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[491,119974,52398],{"href":50605}," is a helpful next step.",[30,119977,4788,119979],{"id":119978},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,119980,77497],{},[20,119982,103,119983,10424],{},[15,119984,77497],{},[126,119986,119987,119990,119993,119996],{},[129,119988,119989],{},"you already have a list",[129,119991,119992],{},"you want to update that list directly",[129,119994,119995],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[129,119997,119998],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[600,120000,120002],{"id":120001},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[35,120004,120006],{"className":37,"code":120005,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120007,120008,120040,120044,120054,120058],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120009,120010,120012,120014,120016,120018,120020,120022,120024,120026,120028,120030,120032,120034,120036,120038],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120011,4822],{"class":50},[44,120013,55],{"class":54},[44,120015,3440],{"class":62},[44,120017,67],{"class":66},[44,120019,4849],{"class":70},[44,120021,67],{"class":66},[44,120023,186],{"class":62},[44,120025,1438],{"class":66},[44,120027,4831],{"class":70},[44,120029,67],{"class":66},[44,120031,186],{"class":62},[44,120033,1438],{"class":66},[44,120035,4840],{"class":70},[44,120037,67],{"class":66},[44,120039,3453],{"class":62},[44,120041,120042],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,120043,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,120045,120046,120048,120050,120052],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,120047,4866],{"class":50},[44,120049,504],{"class":62},[44,120051,34626],{"class":97},[44,120053,345],{"class":62},[44,120055,120056],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,120057,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,120059,120060,120062,120064,120066],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,120061,82],{"class":58},[44,120063,63],{"class":62},[44,120065,4866],{"class":97},[44,120067,76],{"class":62},[20,120069,120070],{},[3563,120071,1031],{},[35,120073,120075],{"className":37,"code":120074,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120076,120077],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120078,120079,120081,120083,120085,120087,120089,120091,120093,120095,120097,120099,120101,120103],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120080,3723],{"class":62},[44,120082,476],{"class":66},[44,120084,4831],{"class":70},[44,120086,476],{"class":66},[44,120088,186],{"class":62},[44,120090,470],{"class":66},[44,120092,4840],{"class":70},[44,120094,476],{"class":66},[44,120096,186],{"class":62},[44,120098,470],{"class":66},[44,120100,4849],{"class":70},[44,120102,476],{"class":66},[44,120104,3453],{"class":62},[20,120106,120107],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120109,120110,120111,504],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[491,120112,79503],{"href":78006},[30,120114,120116,1126,120118,120120],{"id":120115},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120117,73207],{},[15,120119,14668],{}," work with both",[20,120122,10413,120123,1126,120125,120127],{},[15,120124,74054],{},[15,120126,77497],{}," support:",[126,120129,120130,120135],{},[129,120131,120132,120134],{},[15,120133,77721],{}," for descending order",[129,120136,120137,120140],{},[15,120138,120139],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120142,120143],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[600,120145,120147],{"id":120146},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[35,120149,120151],{"className":37,"code":120150,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120152,120153,120173,120177,120199,120203,120221],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120154,120155,120157,120159,120161,120163,120165,120167,120169,120171],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120156,3435],{"class":50},[44,120158,55],{"class":54},[44,120160,3440],{"class":62},[44,120162,1894],{"class":452},[44,120164,186],{"class":62},[44,120166,711],{"class":452},[44,120168,186],{"class":62},[44,120170,2812],{"class":452},[44,120172,3453],{"class":62},[44,120174,120175],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,120176,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,120178,120179,120181,120183,120185,120187,120189,120191,120193,120195,120197],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,120180,82],{"class":58},[44,120182,63],{"class":62},[44,120184,74144],{"class":58},[44,120186,63],{"class":62},[44,120188,3467],{"class":97},[44,120190,186],{"class":62},[44,120192,77700],{"class":8998},[44,120194,55],{"class":54},[44,120196,3420],{"class":3674},[44,120198,434],{"class":62},[44,120200,120201],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,120202,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,120204,120205,120207,120209,120211,120213,120215,120217,120219],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,120206,3467],{"class":50},[44,120208,504],{"class":62},[44,120210,34626],{"class":97},[44,120212,63],{"class":62},[44,120214,73207],{"class":8998},[44,120216,55],{"class":54},[44,120218,3420],{"class":3674},[44,120220,76],{"class":62},[44,120222,120223,120225,120227,120229],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,120224,82],{"class":58},[44,120226,63],{"class":62},[44,120228,3467],{"class":97},[44,120230,76],{"class":62},[20,120232,120233],{},[3563,120234,1031],{},[35,120236,120238],{"className":37,"code":120237,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120239,120240,120256],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120241,120242,120244,120246,120248,120250,120252,120254],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120243,3723],{"class":62},[44,120245,1894],{"class":452},[44,120247,186],{"class":62},[44,120249,2812],{"class":452},[44,120251,186],{"class":62},[44,120253,711],{"class":452},[44,120255,3453],{"class":62},[44,120257,120258,120260,120262,120264,120266,120268,120270],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,120259,3723],{"class":62},[44,120261,1894],{"class":452},[44,120263,186],{"class":62},[44,120265,2812],{"class":452},[44,120267,186],{"class":62},[44,120269,711],{"class":452},[44,120271,3453],{"class":62},[600,120273,120275],{"id":120274},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[35,120277,120279],{"className":37,"code":120278,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120280,120281,120313,120317,120343,120347,120369],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120282,120283,120285,120287,120289,120291,120293,120295,120297,120299,120301,120303,120305,120307,120309,120311],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120284,3894],{"class":50},[44,120286,55],{"class":54},[44,120288,3440],{"class":62},[44,120290,67],{"class":66},[44,120292,82993],{"class":70},[44,120294,67],{"class":66},[44,120296,186],{"class":62},[44,120298,1438],{"class":66},[44,120300,3903],{"class":70},[44,120302,67],{"class":66},[44,120304,186],{"class":62},[44,120306,1438],{"class":66},[44,120308,118467],{"class":70},[44,120310,67],{"class":66},[44,120312,3453],{"class":62},[44,120314,120315],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,120316,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,120318,120319,120321,120323,120325,120327,120329,120331,120333,120335,120337,120339,120341],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,120320,82],{"class":58},[44,120322,63],{"class":62},[44,120324,74144],{"class":58},[44,120326,63],{"class":62},[44,120328,3938],{"class":97},[44,120330,186],{"class":62},[44,120332,21408],{"class":8998},[44,120334,55],{"class":54},[44,120336,473],{"class":426},[44,120338,504],{"class":62},[44,120340,8465],{"class":24579},[44,120342,434],{"class":62},[44,120344,120345],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,120346,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,120348,120349,120351,120353,120355,120357,120359,120361,120363,120365,120367],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,120350,3938],{"class":50},[44,120352,504],{"class":62},[44,120354,34626],{"class":97},[44,120356,63],{"class":62},[44,120358,14668],{"class":8998},[44,120360,55],{"class":54},[44,120362,473],{"class":426},[44,120364,504],{"class":62},[44,120366,8465],{"class":24579},[44,120368,76],{"class":62},[44,120370,120371,120373,120375,120377],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,120372,82],{"class":58},[44,120374,63],{"class":62},[44,120376,3938],{"class":97},[44,120378,76],{"class":62},[20,120380,120381],{},[3563,120382,1031],{},[35,120384,120386],{"className":37,"code":120385,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120387,120388,120416],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120389,120390,120392,120394,120396,120398,120400,120402,120404,120406,120408,120410,120412,120414],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120391,3723],{"class":62},[44,120393,476],{"class":66},[44,120395,3903],{"class":70},[44,120397,476],{"class":66},[44,120399,186],{"class":62},[44,120401,470],{"class":66},[44,120403,82993],{"class":70},[44,120405,476],{"class":66},[44,120407,186],{"class":62},[44,120409,470],{"class":66},[44,120411,118467],{"class":70},[44,120413,476],{"class":66},[44,120415,3453],{"class":62},[44,120417,120418,120420,120422,120424,120426,120428,120430,120432,120434,120436,120438,120440,120442],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,120419,3723],{"class":62},[44,120421,476],{"class":66},[44,120423,3903],{"class":70},[44,120425,476],{"class":66},[44,120427,186],{"class":62},[44,120429,470],{"class":66},[44,120431,82993],{"class":70},[44,120433,476],{"class":66},[44,120435,186],{"class":62},[44,120437,470],{"class":66},[44,120439,118467],{"class":70},[44,120441,476],{"class":66},[44,120443,3453],{"class":62},[20,120445,8243,120446,120448],{},[15,120447,78215],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120450,120451,120452,504],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[491,120453,120455],{"href":120454},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[30,120457,120459],{"id":120458},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120461,120462],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[600,120464,120466,120467,12422],{"id":120465},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120468,77497],{},[20,120470,120471],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[35,120473,120475],{"className":37,"code":120474,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120476,120477,120497,120501,120515,120519,120529],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120478,120479,120481,120483,120485,120487,120489,120491,120493,120495],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120480,3435],{"class":50},[44,120482,55],{"class":54},[44,120484,3440],{"class":62},[44,120486,1894],{"class":452},[44,120488,186],{"class":62},[44,120490,711],{"class":452},[44,120492,186],{"class":62},[44,120494,2812],{"class":452},[44,120496,3453],{"class":62},[44,120498,120499],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,120500,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,120502,120503,120505,120507,120509,120511,120513],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,120504,2059],{"class":50},[44,120506,55],{"class":54},[44,120508,4088],{"class":50},[44,120510,504],{"class":62},[44,120512,34626],{"class":97},[44,120514,345],{"class":62},[44,120516,120517],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,120518,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,120520,120521,120523,120525,120527],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,120522,82],{"class":58},[44,120524,63],{"class":62},[44,120526,2094],{"class":97},[44,120528,76],{"class":62},[44,120530,120531,120533,120535,120537],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,120532,82],{"class":58},[44,120534,63],{"class":62},[44,120536,3467],{"class":97},[44,120538,76],{"class":62},[20,120540,120541],{},[3563,120542,1031],{},[35,120544,120545],{"className":37,"code":78838,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,120546,120547,120551],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120548,120549],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120550,11633],{"class":3674},[44,120552,120553,120555,120557,120559,120561,120563,120565],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,120554,3723],{"class":62},[44,120556,2807],{"class":452},[44,120558,186],{"class":62},[44,120560,2812],{"class":452},[44,120562,186],{"class":62},[44,120564,2282],{"class":452},[44,120566,3453],{"class":62},[20,120568,11725],{},[126,120570,120571,120576,120581],{},[129,120572,120573,120575],{},[15,120574,119578],{}," sorts the list in place",[129,120577,34841,120578,120580],{},[3563,120579,4457],{}," return the sorted list",[129,120582,89617,120583,1698,120585],{},[15,120584,2094],{},[15,120586,3599],{},[600,120588,120590,120591,120593],{"id":120589},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120592,74054],{}," to change the original list",[35,120595,120597],{"className":37,"code":120596,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120598,120599,120619,120623,120633,120637],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120600,120601,120603,120605,120607,120609,120611,120613,120615,120617],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120602,3435],{"class":50},[44,120604,55],{"class":54},[44,120606,3440],{"class":62},[44,120608,1894],{"class":452},[44,120610,186],{"class":62},[44,120612,711],{"class":452},[44,120614,186],{"class":62},[44,120616,2812],{"class":452},[44,120618,3453],{"class":62},[44,120620,120621],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,120622,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,120624,120625,120627,120629,120631],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,120626,74144],{"class":58},[44,120628,63],{"class":62},[44,120630,3467],{"class":97},[44,120632,76],{"class":62},[44,120634,120635],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,120636,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,120638,120639,120641,120643,120645],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,120640,82],{"class":58},[44,120642,63],{"class":62},[44,120644,3467],{"class":97},[44,120646,76],{"class":62},[20,120648,120649],{},[3563,120650,1031],{},[35,120652,120653],{"className":37,"code":118799,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,120654,120655],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120656,120657,120659,120661,120663,120665,120667,120669],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120658,3723],{"class":62},[44,120660,1894],{"class":452},[44,120662,186],{"class":62},[44,120664,711],{"class":452},[44,120666,186],{"class":62},[44,120668,2812],{"class":452},[44,120670,3453],{"class":62},[20,120672,120673,120676],{},[15,120674,120675],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120678,10631],{},[35,120680,120682],{"className":37,"code":120681,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120683,120684,120704,120708,120722,120726],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120685,120686,120688,120690,120692,120694,120696,120698,120700,120702],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120687,3435],{"class":50},[44,120689,55],{"class":54},[44,120691,3440],{"class":62},[44,120693,1894],{"class":452},[44,120695,186],{"class":62},[44,120697,711],{"class":452},[44,120699,186],{"class":62},[44,120701,2812],{"class":452},[44,120703,3453],{"class":62},[44,120705,120706],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,120707,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,120709,120710,120712,120714,120716,120718,120720],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,120711,55269],{"class":50},[44,120713,55],{"class":54},[44,120715,74188],{"class":58},[44,120717,63],{"class":62},[44,120719,3467],{"class":97},[44,120721,76],{"class":62},[44,120723,120724],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,120725,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,120727,120728,120730,120732,120734],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,120729,82],{"class":58},[44,120731,63],{"class":62},[44,120733,55288],{"class":97},[44,120735,76],{"class":62},[600,120737,120739,120740,120742],{"id":120738},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,120741,63941],{}," on a tuple or string",[35,120744,120745],{"className":37,"code":78940,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,120746,120747,120759],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120748,120749,120751,120753,120755,120757],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120750,34514],{"class":50},[44,120752,55],{"class":54},[44,120754,1438],{"class":66},[44,120756,39],{"class":70},[44,120758,3176],{"class":66},[44,120760,120761,120763,120765,120767],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,120762,34535],{"class":50},[44,120764,504],{"class":62},[44,120766,34626],{"class":97},[44,120768,345],{"class":62},[20,120770,120771,120772,33426],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,120773,63941],{},[20,120775,120776,120778],{},[15,120777,63941],{}," only works on lists.",[20,120780,120781,120782,120784,120785,504],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,120783,74054],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[491,120786,4964],{"href":5415},[600,120788,120790,120791,118836],{"id":120789},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,120792,74054],{},[35,120794,120796],{"className":37,"code":120795,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120797,120798,120811,120825,120829,120839],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120799,120800,120802,120804,120806,120809],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120801,34514],{"class":50},[44,120803,55],{"class":54},[44,120805,1438],{"class":66},[44,120807,120808],{"class":70},"cab",[44,120810,3176],{"class":66},[44,120812,120813,120815,120817,120819,120821,120823],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,120814,2059],{"class":50},[44,120816,55],{"class":54},[44,120818,74188],{"class":58},[44,120820,63],{"class":62},[44,120822,34535],{"class":97},[44,120824,76],{"class":62},[44,120826,120827],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,120828,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,120830,120831,120833,120835,120837],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,120832,82],{"class":58},[44,120834,63],{"class":62},[44,120836,2094],{"class":97},[44,120838,76],{"class":62},[44,120840,120841,120843,120845,120847,120849,120851],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,120842,82],{"class":58},[44,120844,63],{"class":62},[44,120846,427],{"class":426},[44,120848,63],{"class":62},[44,120850,2094],{"class":97},[44,120852,434],{"class":62},[20,120854,120855],{},[3563,120856,1031],{},[35,120858,120860],{"className":37,"code":120859,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120861,120862,120890],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120863,120864,120866,120868,120870,120872,120874,120876,120878,120880,120882,120884,120886,120888],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120865,3723],{"class":62},[44,120867,476],{"class":66},[44,120869,491],{"class":70},[44,120871,476],{"class":66},[44,120873,186],{"class":62},[44,120875,470],{"class":66},[44,120877,4587],{"class":70},[44,120879,476],{"class":66},[44,120881,186],{"class":62},[44,120883,470],{"class":66},[44,120885,9561],{"class":70},[44,120887,476],{"class":66},[44,120889,3453],{"class":62},[44,120891,120892,120894,120896,120898,120900,120902],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,120893,463],{"class":54},[44,120895,467],{"class":466},[44,120897,470],{"class":66},[44,120899,7921],{"class":70},[44,120901,476],{"class":66},[44,120903,479],{"class":54},[20,120905,120906],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[30,120908,113357],{"id":113356},[20,120910,120911],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[126,120913,120914,120917,120922,120927,120933],{},[129,120915,120916],{},"confusing a function with a method",[129,120918,120919,120920,53271],{},"not knowing that ",[15,120921,63941],{},[129,120923,120924,120925,12422],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,120926,77497],{},[129,120928,120929,120930,120932],{},"trying to use ",[15,120931,63941],{}," on non-list data types",[129,120934,50131,120935,120937],{},[15,120936,74054],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,120939,120940],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[35,120942,120944],{"className":37,"code":120943,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,120945,120946,120956,120970,120995,121010,121020],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120947,120948,120950,120952,120954],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120949,82],{"class":58},[44,120951,63],{"class":62},[44,120953,8164],{"class":97},[44,120955,76],{"class":62},[44,120957,120958,120960,120962,120964,120966,120968],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,120959,82],{"class":58},[44,120961,63],{"class":62},[44,120963,74144],{"class":58},[44,120965,63],{"class":62},[44,120967,8164],{"class":97},[44,120969,434],{"class":62},[44,120971,120972,120974,120976,120978,120980,120982,120984,120987,120989,120991,120993],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,120973,2059],{"class":50},[44,120975,55],{"class":54},[44,120977,8221],{"class":50},[44,120979,504],{"class":62},[44,120981,34626],{"class":97},[44,120983,7196],{"class":62},[44,120985,120986],{"class":50},"; ",[44,120988,82],{"class":58},[44,120990,63],{"class":62},[44,120992,2094],{"class":97},[44,120994,76],{"class":62},[44,120996,120997,120999,121001,121003,121005,121008],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,120998,82],{"class":58},[44,121000,63],{"class":62},[44,121002,427],{"class":426},[44,121004,63],{"class":62},[44,121006,121007],{"class":97},"my_data",[44,121009,434],{"class":62},[44,121011,121012,121014,121016,121018],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,121013,31978],{"class":58},[44,121015,63],{"class":62},[44,121017,74144],{"class":58},[44,121019,76],{"class":62},[44,121021,121022,121024,121026,121028,121030,121032],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,121023,31978],{"class":58},[44,121025,63],{"class":62},[44,121027,7921],{"class":426},[44,121029,504],{"class":62},[44,121031,34626],{"class":24579},[44,121033,76],{"class":62},[20,121035,84003],{},[126,121037,121038,121041,121045,121053],{},[129,121039,121040],{},"whether your original list changed",[129,121042,25849,121043,370],{},[15,121044,74054],{},[129,121046,121047,121048,121050,121051],{},"whether ",[15,121049,63941],{}," returned ",[15,121052,3599],{},[129,121054,121055],{},"what type of object you are working with",[30,121057,121059],{"id":121058},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121061,121062],{},"Use this rule:",[126,121064,121065,121073],{},[129,121066,121067,121068,121070,121071],{},"Need a ",[3563,121069,119161],{},": use ",[15,121072,74054],{},[129,121074,121075,121076,121070,121079],{},"Need to ",[3563,121077,121078],{},"change one list directly",[15,121080,77497],{},[20,121082,121083,121084,121086],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121085,74054],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[30,121088,1651],{"id":1650},[600,121090,121092,121093,497,121095,213],{"id":121091},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121094,74054],{},[15,121096,77497],{},[20,121098,121099,121101],{},[15,121100,74054],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[600,121103,1683,121105,4988,121107,213],{"id":121104},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121106,77497],{},[15,121108,3599],{},[20,121110,121111],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[600,121113,4997,121115,121117],{"id":121114},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121116,74054],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121119,121120],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[600,121122,28159,121124,121126],{"id":121123},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121125,63941],{}," on a string?",[20,121128,1661,121129,121131,121132,1667],{},[15,121130,63941],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121133,121134],{},"sorted(string)",[600,121136,11644,121138,1126,121140,121142],{"id":121137},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121139,74054],{},[15,121141,63941],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121144,121145,121146,504],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121147,77721],{},[30,121149,1719],{"id":1718},[126,121151,121152,121158,121164,121168,121172],{},[129,121153,121154],{},[491,121155,13,121156,1738],{"href":74151},[15,121157,74054],{},[129,121159,121160],{},[491,121161,13,121162,10564],{"href":74405},[15,121163,77497],{},[129,121165,121166],{},[491,121167,79503],{"href":78006},[129,121169,121170],{},[491,121171,120455],{"href":120454},[129,121173,121174],{},[491,121175,52398],{"href":50605},[1758,121177,121178],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":121180},[121181,121182,121183,121187,121191,121194,121198,121202,121207,121217,121218,121219,121231],{"id":3424,"depth":79,"text":3425},{"id":119249,"depth":79,"text":119250},{"id":117352,"depth":79,"text":119074,"children":121184},[121185],{"id":119316,"depth":419,"text":121186},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77563,"depth":79,"text":79525,"children":121188},[121189],{"id":119493,"depth":419,"text":121190},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119589,"depth":79,"text":119590,"children":121192},[121193],{"id":119615,"depth":419,"text":119616},{"id":119821,"depth":79,"text":121195,"children":121196},"When to use sorted()",[121197],{"id":119843,"depth":419,"text":119844},{"id":119978,"depth":79,"text":121199,"children":121200},"When to use list.sort()",[121201],{"id":120001,"depth":419,"text":120002},{"id":120115,"depth":79,"text":121203,"children":121204},"reverse and key work with both",[121205,121206],{"id":120146,"depth":419,"text":120147},{"id":120274,"depth":419,"text":120275},{"id":120458,"depth":79,"text":120459,"children":121208},[121209,121211,121213,121215],{"id":120465,"depth":419,"text":121210},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120589,"depth":419,"text":121212},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120738,"depth":419,"text":121214},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120789,"depth":419,"text":121216},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113356,"depth":79,"text":113357},{"id":121058,"depth":79,"text":121059},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":121220},[121221,121223,121225,121227,121229],{"id":121091,"depth":419,"text":121222},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121104,"depth":419,"text":121224},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121114,"depth":419,"text":121226},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121123,"depth":419,"text":121228},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121137,"depth":419,"text":121230},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119120,"description":121232},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121238,"title":41991,"body":121239,"description":122971,"extension":1796,"meta":122972,"navigation":807,"path":122973,"seo":122974,"stem":122975,"__hash__":122976},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121240,"toc":122928},[121241,121246,121251,121257,121259,121314,121318,121341,121346,121351,121356,121358,121389,121392,121406,121408,121410,121425,121430,121434,121437,121488,121492,121506,121513,121517,121521,121576,121580,121603,121607,121663,121667,121690,121694,121749,121753,121776,121780,121847,121851,121886,121892,121897,121902,121904,121918,121920,121994,121998,122018,122023,122030,122033,122045,122047,122116,122120,122157,122160,122185,122192,122201,122204,122216,122222,122228,122230,122236,122241,122320,122324,122365,122369,122371,122398,122401,122424,122427,122433,122436,122473,122485,122492,122494,122545,122548,122580,122583,122585,122592,122594,122609,122611,122668,122672,122696,122698,122703,122719,122726,122730,122733,122816,122826,122828,122833,122836,122842,122845,122851,122854,122860,122863,122870,122878,122880,122925],[10,121242,13,121244,18],{"id":121243},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121245,47308],{},[20,121247,32143,121248,121250],{},[15,121249,47308],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121252,121253,121254,121256],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121255,47308],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[30,121258,33],{"id":32},[35,121260,121262],{"className":37,"code":121261,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121263,121264,121272,121286,121290,121300],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121265,121266,121268,121270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121267,390],{"class":50},[44,121269,55],{"class":54},[44,121271,453],{"class":452},[44,121273,121274,121276,121278,121280,121282,121284],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,121275,34514],{"class":50},[44,121277,55],{"class":54},[44,121279,48529],{"class":426},[44,121281,63],{"class":62},[44,121283,414],{"class":97},[44,121285,76],{"class":62},[44,121287,121288],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,121289,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,121291,121292,121294,121296,121298],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,121293,82],{"class":58},[44,121295,63],{"class":62},[44,121297,34535],{"class":97},[44,121299,76],{"class":62},[44,121301,121302,121304,121306,121308,121310,121312],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,121303,82],{"class":58},[44,121305,63],{"class":62},[44,121307,427],{"class":426},[44,121309,63],{"class":62},[44,121311,34535],{"class":97},[44,121313,434],{"class":62},[20,121315,121316],{},[3563,121317,1031],{},[35,121319,121321],{"className":37,"code":121320,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121322,121323,121327],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121324,121325],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121326,458],{"class":452},[44,121328,121329,121331,121333,121335,121337,121339],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,121330,463],{"class":54},[44,121332,467],{"class":466},[44,121334,470],{"class":66},[44,121336,473],{"class":70},[44,121338,476],{"class":66},[44,121340,479],{"class":54},[20,121342,103,121343,121345],{},[15,121344,47308],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[30,121347,113,121349,116],{"id":121348},"what-str-does",[15,121350,47308],{},[20,121352,121353,121355],{},[15,121354,47308],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121357,1938],{},[126,121359,121360,121367,121374,121381],{},[129,121361,121362,121363,1698,121365],{},"An integer like ",[15,121364,2161],{},[15,121366,41942],{},[129,121368,121369,121370,1698,121372],{},"A float like ",[15,121371,39968],{},[15,121373,47719],{},[129,121375,121376,121377,1698,121379],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121378,3420],{},[15,121380,6471],{},[129,121382,121383,121384,1698,121386],{},"A list like ",[15,121385,74876],{},[15,121387,121388],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121390,121391],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[126,121393,121394,121397,121400,121403],{},[129,121395,121396],{},"print it",[129,121398,121399],{},"combine it with other strings",[129,121401,121402],{},"save it to a file",[129,121404,121405],{},"use it in messages",[30,121407,250],{"id":249},[20,121409,253],{},[35,121411,121413],{"className":37,"code":121412,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"str(object)\n",[15,121414,121415],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121416,121417,121419,121421,121423],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121418,473],{"class":426},[44,121420,63],{"class":62},[44,121422,42213],{"class":426},[44,121424,76],{"class":62},[20,121426,20599,121427,121429],{},[15,121428,42213],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121431,121432,375],{},[15,121433,47308],{},[20,121435,121436],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[35,121438,121440],{"className":37,"code":121439,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121441,121442,121451,121474,121478],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121443,121444,121446,121448],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121445,4923],{"class":50},[44,121447,55],{"class":54},[44,121449,121450],{"class":452}," 100\n",[44,121452,121453,121455,121457,121459,121462,121464,121466,121468,121470,121472],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,121454,89637],{"class":50},[44,121456,55],{"class":54},[44,121458,1438],{"class":66},[44,121460,121461],{"class":70},"Your score is ",[44,121463,67],{"class":66},[44,121465,94],{"class":54},[44,121467,48529],{"class":426},[44,121469,63],{"class":62},[44,121471,85150],{"class":97},[44,121473,76],{"class":62},[44,121475,121476],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,121477,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,121479,121480,121482,121484,121486],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,121481,82],{"class":58},[44,121483,63],{"class":62},[44,121485,89654],{"class":97},[44,121487,76],{"class":62},[20,121489,121490],{},[3563,121491,1031],{},[35,121493,121495],{"className":37,"code":121494,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121496,121497],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121498,121499,121502,121504],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121500,121501],{"class":50},"Your score ",[44,121503,206],{"class":54},[44,121505,121450],{"class":452},[20,121507,2126,121508,121512],{},[491,121509,121510,2133],{"href":2129},[15,121511,2132],{}," can help you check.",[30,121514,121516],{"id":121515},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[600,121518,121520],{"id":121519},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[35,121522,121524],{"className":37,"code":121523,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121525,121526,121534,121548,121552,121562],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121527,121528,121530,121532],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121529,2046],{"class":50},[44,121531,55],{"class":54},[44,121533,2412],{"class":452},[44,121535,121536,121538,121540,121542,121544,121546],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,121537,34514],{"class":50},[44,121539,55],{"class":54},[44,121541,48529],{"class":426},[44,121543,63],{"class":62},[44,121545,2069],{"class":97},[44,121547,76],{"class":62},[44,121549,121550],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,121551,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,121553,121554,121556,121558,121560],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,121555,82],{"class":58},[44,121557,63],{"class":62},[44,121559,34535],{"class":97},[44,121561,76],{"class":62},[44,121563,121564,121566,121568,121570,121572,121574],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,121565,82],{"class":58},[44,121567,63],{"class":62},[44,121569,427],{"class":426},[44,121571,63],{"class":62},[44,121573,34535],{"class":97},[44,121575,434],{"class":62},[20,121577,121578],{},[3563,121579,1031],{},[35,121581,121583],{"className":37,"code":121582,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121584,121585,121589],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121586,121587],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121588,2207],{"class":452},[44,121590,121591,121593,121595,121597,121599,121601],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,121592,463],{"class":54},[44,121594,467],{"class":466},[44,121596,470],{"class":66},[44,121598,473],{"class":70},[44,121600,476],{"class":66},[44,121602,479],{"class":54},[600,121604,121606],{"id":121605},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[35,121608,121610],{"className":37,"code":121609,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121611,121612,121621,121635,121639,121649],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121613,121614,121616,121618],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121615,40212],{"class":50},[44,121617,55],{"class":54},[44,121619,121620],{"class":452}," 3.14\n",[44,121622,121623,121625,121627,121629,121631,121633],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,121624,34514],{"class":50},[44,121626,55],{"class":54},[44,121628,48529],{"class":426},[44,121630,63],{"class":62},[44,121632,24979],{"class":97},[44,121634,76],{"class":62},[44,121636,121637],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,121638,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,121640,121641,121643,121645,121647],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,121642,82],{"class":58},[44,121644,63],{"class":62},[44,121646,34535],{"class":97},[44,121648,76],{"class":62},[44,121650,121651,121653,121655,121657,121659,121661],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,121652,82],{"class":58},[44,121654,63],{"class":62},[44,121656,427],{"class":426},[44,121658,63],{"class":62},[44,121660,34535],{"class":97},[44,121662,434],{"class":62},[20,121664,121665],{},[3563,121666,1031],{},[35,121668,121670],{"className":37,"code":121669,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121671,121672,121676],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121673,121674],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121675,40002],{"class":452},[44,121677,121678,121680,121682,121684,121686,121688],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,121679,463],{"class":54},[44,121681,467],{"class":466},[44,121683,470],{"class":66},[44,121685,473],{"class":70},[44,121687,476],{"class":66},[44,121689,479],{"class":54},[600,121691,121693],{"id":121692},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[35,121695,121697],{"className":37,"code":121696,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121698,121699,121707,121721,121725,121735],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121700,121701,121703,121705],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121702,338],{"class":50},[44,121704,55],{"class":54},[44,121706,6252],{"class":3674},[44,121708,121709,121711,121713,121715,121717,121719],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,121710,34514],{"class":50},[44,121712,55],{"class":54},[44,121714,48529],{"class":426},[44,121716,63],{"class":62},[44,121718,354],{"class":97},[44,121720,76],{"class":62},[44,121722,121723],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,121724,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,121726,121727,121729,121731,121733],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,121728,82],{"class":58},[44,121730,63],{"class":62},[44,121732,34535],{"class":97},[44,121734,76],{"class":62},[44,121736,121737,121739,121741,121743,121745,121747],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,121738,82],{"class":58},[44,121740,63],{"class":62},[44,121742,427],{"class":426},[44,121744,63],{"class":62},[44,121746,34535],{"class":97},[44,121748,434],{"class":62},[20,121750,121751],{},[3563,121752,1031],{},[35,121754,121756],{"className":37,"code":121755,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121757,121758,121762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121759,121760],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121761,3803],{"class":3674},[44,121763,121764,121766,121768,121770,121772,121774],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,121765,463],{"class":54},[44,121767,467],{"class":466},[44,121769,470],{"class":66},[44,121771,473],{"class":70},[44,121773,476],{"class":66},[44,121775,479],{"class":54},[600,121777,121779],{"id":121778},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[35,121781,121783],{"className":37,"code":121782,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121784,121785,121805,121819,121823,121833],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121786,121787,121789,121791,121793,121795,121797,121799,121801,121803],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121788,7609],{"class":50},[44,121790,55],{"class":54},[44,121792,3440],{"class":62},[44,121794,2807],{"class":452},[44,121796,186],{"class":62},[44,121798,2812],{"class":452},[44,121800,186],{"class":62},[44,121802,2282],{"class":452},[44,121804,3453],{"class":62},[44,121806,121807,121809,121811,121813,121815,121817],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,121808,34514],{"class":50},[44,121810,55],{"class":54},[44,121812,48529],{"class":426},[44,121814,63],{"class":62},[44,121816,7640],{"class":97},[44,121818,76],{"class":62},[44,121820,121821],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,121822,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,121824,121825,121827,121829,121831],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,121826,82],{"class":58},[44,121828,63],{"class":62},[44,121830,34535],{"class":97},[44,121832,76],{"class":62},[44,121834,121835,121837,121839,121841,121843,121845],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,121836,82],{"class":58},[44,121838,63],{"class":62},[44,121840,427],{"class":426},[44,121842,63],{"class":62},[44,121844,34535],{"class":97},[44,121846,434],{"class":62},[20,121848,121849],{},[3563,121850,1031],{},[35,121852,121854],{"className":37,"code":121853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121855,121856,121872],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121857,121858,121860,121862,121864,121866,121868,121870],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121859,3723],{"class":62},[44,121861,2807],{"class":452},[44,121863,186],{"class":62},[44,121865,2812],{"class":452},[44,121867,186],{"class":62},[44,121869,2282],{"class":452},[44,121871,3453],{"class":62},[44,121873,121874,121876,121878,121880,121882,121884],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,121875,463],{"class":54},[44,121877,467],{"class":466},[44,121879,470],{"class":66},[44,121881,473],{"class":70},[44,121883,476],{"class":66},[44,121885,479],{"class":54},[20,121887,121888,121889,121891],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[3563,121890,4457],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[30,121893,4788,121895],{"id":121894},"when-to-use-str",[15,121896,47308],{},[20,121898,103,121899,121901],{},[15,121900,47308],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,121903,36251],{},[126,121905,121906,121909,121912,121915],{},[129,121907,121908],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[129,121910,121911],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[129,121913,121914],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[129,121916,121917],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,121919,145],{},[35,121921,121923],{"className":37,"code":121922,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,121924,121925,121937,121945,121949,121984],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121926,121927,121929,121931,121933,121935],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121928,51],{"class":50},[44,121930,55],{"class":54},[44,121932,1438],{"class":66},[44,121934,11334],{"class":70},[44,121936,3176],{"class":66},[44,121938,121939,121941,121943],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,121940,390],{"class":50},[44,121942,55],{"class":54},[44,121944,453],{"class":452},[44,121946,121947],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,121948,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,121950,121951,121953,121955,121957,121959,121961,121963,121965,121967,121969,121971,121973,121975,121977,121979,121982],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,121952,89637],{"class":50},[44,121954,55],{"class":54},[44,121956,35794],{"class":50},[44,121958,708],{"class":54},[44,121960,1438],{"class":66},[44,121962,4610],{"class":70},[44,121964,67],{"class":66},[44,121966,94],{"class":54},[44,121968,48529],{"class":426},[44,121970,63],{"class":62},[44,121972,414],{"class":97},[44,121974,3480],{"class":62},[44,121976,94],{"class":54},[44,121978,1438],{"class":66},[44,121980,121981],{"class":70}," years old.",[44,121983,3176],{"class":66},[44,121985,121986,121988,121990,121992],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,121987,82],{"class":58},[44,121989,63],{"class":62},[44,121991,89654],{"class":97},[44,121993,76],{"class":62},[20,121995,121996],{},[3563,121997,1031],{},[35,121999,122001],{"className":37,"code":122000,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122002,122003],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122004,122005,122008,122010,122012,122015],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122006,122007],{"class":50},"Maya ",[44,122009,206],{"class":54},[44,122011,9127],{"class":452},[44,122013,122014],{"class":50}," years old",[44,122016,122017],{"class":62},".\n",[20,122019,122020,122021,504],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[491,122022,89323],{"href":89322},[30,122024,122026,10408,122028],{"id":122025},"str-vs-print",[15,122027,47308],{},[15,122029,1756],{},[20,122031,122032],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[126,122034,122035,122040],{},[129,122036,122037,122039],{},[15,122038,47308],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[129,122041,122042,122044],{},[15,122043,1756],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122046,145],{},[35,122048,122050],{"className":37,"code":122049,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122051,122052,122060,122064,122078,122088,122102],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122053,122054,122056,122058],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122055,338],{"class":50},[44,122057,55],{"class":54},[44,122059,2593],{"class":452},[44,122061,122062],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,122063,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,122065,122066,122068,122070,122072,122074,122076],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,122067,34514],{"class":50},[44,122069,55],{"class":54},[44,122071,48529],{"class":426},[44,122073,63],{"class":62},[44,122075,354],{"class":97},[44,122077,76],{"class":62},[44,122079,122080,122082,122084,122086],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,122081,82],{"class":58},[44,122083,63],{"class":62},[44,122085,34535],{"class":97},[44,122087,76],{"class":62},[44,122089,122090,122092,122094,122096,122098,122100],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,122091,82],{"class":58},[44,122093,63],{"class":62},[44,122095,427],{"class":426},[44,122097,63],{"class":62},[44,122099,34535],{"class":97},[44,122101,434],{"class":62},[44,122103,122104,122106,122108,122110,122112,122114],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,122105,82],{"class":58},[44,122107,63],{"class":62},[44,122109,427],{"class":426},[44,122111,63],{"class":62},[44,122113,354],{"class":97},[44,122115,434],{"class":62},[20,122117,122118],{},[3563,122119,1031],{},[35,122121,122123],{"className":37,"code":122122,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122124,122125,122129,122143],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122126,122127],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122128,46236],{"class":452},[44,122130,122131,122133,122135,122137,122139,122141],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,122132,463],{"class":54},[44,122134,467],{"class":466},[44,122136,470],{"class":66},[44,122138,473],{"class":70},[44,122140,476],{"class":66},[44,122142,479],{"class":54},[44,122144,122145,122147,122149,122151,122153,122155],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,122146,463],{"class":54},[44,122148,467],{"class":466},[44,122150,470],{"class":66},[44,122152,588],{"class":70},[44,122154,476],{"class":66},[44,122156,479],{"class":54},[20,122158,122159],{},"Notice:",[126,122161,122162,122168,122173],{},[129,122163,122164,122167],{},[15,122165,122166],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[129,122169,122170,122172],{},[15,122171,1756],{}," only displayed values",[129,122174,122175,122177,122178,122180,122181,60930,122183],{},[15,122176,1756],{}," did not change ",[15,122179,354],{}," from ",[15,122182,588],{},[15,122184,473],{},[20,122186,122187,122188,504],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[491,122189,122190,2133],{"href":1753},[15,122191,1756],{},[30,122193,122195,10408,122197,122200],{"id":122194},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122196,47308],{},[15,122198,122199],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122202,122203],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[126,122205,122206,122211],{},[129,122207,122208,122210],{},[15,122209,47308],{}," is the more readable text version",[129,122212,122213,122215],{},[15,122214,122199],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122217,122218,122219,122221],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122220,47308],{}," much more often.",[20,122223,122224,122225,122227],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122226,47308],{}," is usually the right choice.",[30,122229,4344],{"id":4343},[600,122231,25604,122233,122235],{"id":122232},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122234,47308],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122237,122238,122240],{},[15,122239,47308],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[35,122242,122244],{"className":37,"code":122243,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122245,122246,122254,122268,122272,122282,122296,122306],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122247,122248,122250,122252],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122249,390],{"class":50},[44,122251,55],{"class":54},[44,122253,453],{"class":452},[44,122255,122256,122258,122260,122262,122264,122266],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,122257,34514],{"class":50},[44,122259,55],{"class":54},[44,122261,48529],{"class":426},[44,122263,63],{"class":62},[44,122265,414],{"class":97},[44,122267,76],{"class":62},[44,122269,122270],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,122271,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,122273,122274,122276,122278,122280],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,122275,82],{"class":58},[44,122277,63],{"class":62},[44,122279,414],{"class":97},[44,122281,76],{"class":62},[44,122283,122284,122286,122288,122290,122292,122294],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,122285,82],{"class":58},[44,122287,63],{"class":62},[44,122289,427],{"class":426},[44,122291,63],{"class":62},[44,122293,414],{"class":97},[44,122295,434],{"class":62},[44,122297,122298,122300,122302,122304],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,122299,82],{"class":58},[44,122301,63],{"class":62},[44,122303,34535],{"class":97},[44,122305,76],{"class":62},[44,122307,122308,122310,122312,122314,122316,122318],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,122309,82],{"class":58},[44,122311,63],{"class":62},[44,122313,427],{"class":426},[44,122315,63],{"class":62},[44,122317,34535],{"class":97},[44,122319,434],{"class":62},[20,122321,122322],{},[3563,122323,1031],{},[35,122325,122327],{"className":37,"code":122326,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122328,122329,122333,122347,122351],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122330,122331],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122332,458],{"class":452},[44,122334,122335,122337,122339,122341,122343,122345],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,122336,463],{"class":54},[44,122338,467],{"class":466},[44,122340,470],{"class":66},[44,122342,588],{"class":70},[44,122344,476],{"class":66},[44,122346,479],{"class":54},[44,122348,122349],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,122350,458],{"class":452},[44,122352,122353,122355,122357,122359,122361,122363],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,122354,463],{"class":54},[44,122356,467],{"class":466},[44,122358,470],{"class":66},[44,122360,473],{"class":70},[44,122362,476],{"class":66},[44,122364,479],{"class":54},[600,122366,122368],{"id":122367},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122370,6518],{},[35,122372,122374],{"className":37,"code":122373,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122375,122376,122384],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122377,122378,122380,122382],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122379,390],{"class":50},[44,122381,55],{"class":54},[44,122383,453],{"class":452},[44,122385,122386,122388,122390,122392,122394,122396],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,122387,34514],{"class":50},[44,122389,55],{"class":54},[44,122391,48529],{"class":426},[44,122393,63],{"class":62},[44,122395,414],{"class":97},[44,122397,76],{"class":62},[20,122399,122400],{},"But if you only do this:",[35,122402,122404],{"className":37,"code":122403,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122405,122406,122414],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122407,122408,122410,122412],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122409,390],{"class":50},[44,122411,55],{"class":54},[44,122413,453],{"class":452},[44,122415,122416,122418,122420,122422],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,122417,473],{"class":426},[44,122419,63],{"class":62},[44,122421,414],{"class":97},[44,122423,76],{"class":62},[20,122425,122426],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[600,122428,8243,122430,122432],{"id":122429},"using-str-too-early",[15,122431,47308],{}," too early",[20,122434,122435],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[35,122437,122439],{"className":37,"code":122438,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122440,122441,122449,122464,122468],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122442,122443,122445,122447],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122444,40212],{"class":50},[44,122446,55],{"class":54},[44,122448,2412],{"class":452},[44,122450,122451,122454,122456,122458,122460,122462],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,122452,122453],{"class":50},"text_price ",[44,122455,55],{"class":54},[44,122457,48529],{"class":426},[44,122459,63],{"class":62},[44,122461,24979],{"class":97},[44,122463,76],{"class":62},[44,122465,122466],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,122467,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,122469,122470],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,122471,122472],{"class":3483},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122474,122475,122476,497,122480,122484],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[491,122477,122478],{"href":493},[15,122479,496],{},[491,122481,122482],{"href":500},[15,122483,503],{},", depending on the situation.",[600,122486,8279,122488,122491],{"id":122487},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122489,122490],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122493,64273],{},[35,122495,122497],{"className":37,"code":122496,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122498,122499,122531],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122500,122501,122503,122505,122507,122509,122511,122513,122515,122517,122519,122521,122523,122525,122527,122529],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122502,7609],{"class":50},[44,122504,55],{"class":54},[44,122506,3440],{"class":62},[44,122508,67],{"class":66},[44,122510,3903],{"class":70},[44,122512,67],{"class":66},[44,122514,186],{"class":62},[44,122516,1438],{"class":66},[44,122518,3912],{"class":70},[44,122520,67],{"class":66},[44,122522,186],{"class":62},[44,122524,1438],{"class":66},[44,122526,33046],{"class":70},[44,122528,67],{"class":66},[44,122530,3453],{"class":62},[44,122532,122533,122535,122537,122539,122541,122543],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,122534,82],{"class":58},[44,122536,63],{"class":62},[44,122538,473],{"class":426},[44,122540,63],{"class":62},[44,122542,7640],{"class":97},[44,122544,434],{"class":62},[20,122546,122547],{},"prints:",[35,122549,122550],{"className":37,"code":72466,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,122551,122552],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122553,122554,122556,122558,122560,122562,122564,122566,122568,122570,122572,122574,122576,122578],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122555,3723],{"class":62},[44,122557,476],{"class":66},[44,122559,3903],{"class":70},[44,122561,476],{"class":66},[44,122563,186],{"class":62},[44,122565,470],{"class":66},[44,122567,3912],{"class":70},[44,122569,476],{"class":66},[44,122571,186],{"class":62},[44,122573,470],{"class":66},[44,122575,33046],{"class":70},[44,122577,476],{"class":66},[44,122579,3453],{"class":62},[20,122581,122582],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[30,122584,17248],{"id":17247},[20,122586,122587,21803,122589,504],{},[15,122588,47308],{},[3563,122590,122591],{},"new string",[20,122593,273],{},[126,122595,122596,122599,122602],{},[129,122597,122598],{},"It always returns a string",[129,122600,122601],{},"It does not modify the original object",[129,122603,359,122604,122608],{},[491,122605,122606],{"href":2129},[15,122607,2132],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122610,145],{},[35,122612,122614],{"className":37,"code":122613,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122615,122616,122624,122639,122643,122654],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122617,122618,122620,122622],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122619,338],{"class":50},[44,122621,55],{"class":54},[44,122623,13957],{"class":452},[44,122625,122626,122629,122631,122633,122635,122637],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,122627,122628],{"class":50},"converted ",[44,122630,55],{"class":54},[44,122632,48529],{"class":426},[44,122634,63],{"class":62},[44,122636,354],{"class":97},[44,122638,76],{"class":62},[44,122640,122641],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,122642,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,122644,122645,122647,122649,122652],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,122646,82],{"class":58},[44,122648,63],{"class":62},[44,122650,122651],{"class":97},"converted",[44,122653,76],{"class":62},[44,122655,122656,122658,122660,122662,122664,122666],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,122657,82],{"class":58},[44,122659,63],{"class":62},[44,122661,427],{"class":426},[44,122663,63],{"class":62},[44,122665,122651],{"class":97},[44,122667,434],{"class":62},[20,122669,122670],{},[3563,122671,1031],{},[35,122673,122675],{"className":37,"code":122674,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122676,122677,122682],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122678,122679],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122680,122681],{"class":452},"99\n",[44,122683,122684,122686,122688,122690,122692,122694],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,122685,463],{"class":54},[44,122687,467],{"class":466},[44,122689,470],{"class":66},[44,122691,473],{"class":70},[44,122693,476],{"class":66},[44,122695,479],{"class":54},[30,122697,113357],{"id":113356},[20,122699,122700,122701,74445],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122702,47308],{},[126,122704,122705,122708,122711,122716],{},[129,122706,122707],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[129,122709,122710],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[129,122712,8243,122713,122715],{},[15,122714,47308],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[129,122717,122718],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,122720,122721,122722,504],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[491,122723,25509,122724],{"href":90035},[15,122725,90036],{},[30,122727,122729],{"id":122728},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,122731,122732],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[35,122734,122736],{"className":37,"code":122735,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122737,122738,122746,122750,122760,122774,122778,122792,122802],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122739,122740,122742,122744],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122741,338],{"class":50},[44,122743,55],{"class":54},[44,122745,453],{"class":452},[44,122747,122748],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,122749,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,122751,122752,122754,122756,122758],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,122753,82],{"class":58},[44,122755,63],{"class":62},[44,122757,354],{"class":97},[44,122759,76],{"class":62},[44,122761,122762,122764,122766,122768,122770,122772],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,122763,82],{"class":58},[44,122765,63],{"class":62},[44,122767,427],{"class":426},[44,122769,63],{"class":62},[44,122771,354],{"class":97},[44,122773,434],{"class":62},[44,122775,122776],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,122777,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,122779,122780,122782,122784,122786,122788,122790],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,122781,122628],{"class":50},[44,122783,55],{"class":54},[44,122785,48529],{"class":426},[44,122787,63],{"class":62},[44,122789,354],{"class":97},[44,122791,76],{"class":62},[44,122793,122794,122796,122798,122800],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,122795,82],{"class":58},[44,122797,63],{"class":62},[44,122799,122651],{"class":97},[44,122801,76],{"class":62},[44,122803,122804,122806,122808,122810,122812,122814],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,122805,82],{"class":58},[44,122807,63],{"class":62},[44,122809,427],{"class":426},[44,122811,63],{"class":62},[44,122813,122651],{"class":97},[44,122815,434],{"class":62},[20,122817,122818,122819,2018,122821,122823,122824,504],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,122820,588],{},[15,122822,2021],{},", or another type into ",[15,122825,473],{},[30,122827,1651],{"id":1650},[600,122829,4970,122831,4973],{"id":122830},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,122832,47308],{},[20,122834,122835],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[600,122837,1655,122839,122841],{"id":122838},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,122840,47308],{}," change the original variable?",[20,122843,122844],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[600,122846,4997,122848,122850],{"id":122847},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,122849,47308],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,122852,122853],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[600,122855,94221,122857,122859],{"id":122856},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,122858,47308],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,122861,122862],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[600,122864,14730,122866,56833,122868,213],{"id":122865},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,122867,47308],{},[15,122869,1756],{},[20,122871,1661,122872,122874,122875,122877],{},[15,122873,47308],{}," converts to text. ",[15,122876,1756],{}," shows output.",[30,122879,1719],{"id":1718},[126,122881,122882,122888,122894,122900,122906,122915,122919],{},[129,122883,122884],{},[491,122885,122886,1738],{"href":1753},[15,122887,1756],{},[129,122889,122890],{},[491,122891,122892,1738],{"href":2129},[15,122893,2132],{},[129,122895,122896],{},[491,122897,122898,1738],{"href":493},[15,122899,496],{},[129,122901,122902],{},[491,122903,122904,1738],{"href":500},[15,122905,503],{},[129,122907,122908],{},[491,122909,122911,122912,122914],{"href":122910},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,122913,588],{}," to string in Python",[129,122916,122917],{},[491,122918,90313],{"href":89322},[129,122920,122921],{},[491,122922,30174,122923],{"href":90035},[15,122924,90036],{},[1758,122926,122927],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":121515,"depth":79,"text":121516,"children":122935},[122936,122937,122938,122939],{"id":121519,"depth":419,"text":121520},{"id":121605,"depth":419,"text":121606},{"id":121692,"depth":419,"text":121693},{"id":121778,"depth":419,"text":121779},{"id":121894,"depth":79,"text":122941},"When to use str()",{"id":122025,"depth":79,"text":122943},"str() vs print()",{"id":122194,"depth":79,"text":122945},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4343,"depth":79,"text":4344,"children":122947},[122948,122950,122951,122953],{"id":122232,"depth":419,"text":122949},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122367,"depth":419,"text":122368},{"id":122429,"depth":419,"text":122952},"Using str() too early",{"id":122487,"depth":419,"text":122954},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17247,"depth":79,"text":17248},{"id":113356,"depth":79,"text":113357},{"id":122728,"depth":79,"text":122729},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":122959},[122960,122962,122964,122966,122968],{"id":122830,"depth":419,"text":122961},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":122838,"depth":419,"text":122963},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":122847,"depth":419,"text":122965},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":122856,"depth":419,"text":122967},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":122865,"depth":419,"text":122969},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":41991,"description":122971},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":122978,"title":122979,"body":122980,"description":124433,"extension":1796,"meta":124434,"navigation":807,"path":124435,"seo":124436,"stem":124437,"__hash__":124438},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":122981,"toc":124395},[122982,122988,122994,122997,123019,123021,123083,123085,123098,123104,123109,123114,123116,123129,123140,123142,123169,123171,123188,123195,123206,123208,123213,123215,123227,123235,123244,123246,123249,123302,123304,123312,123320,123324,123329,123369,123371,123379,123382,123384,123424,123426,123434,123444,123450,123453,123526,123528,123541,123545,123550,123578,123581,123616,123618,123626,123629,123633,123637,123639,123655,123657,123697,123699,123707,123716,123759,123761,123769,123771,123775,123781,123784,123824,123826,123834,123839,123842,123885,123889,123892,123927,123932,123934,123973,123983,123991,124001,124009,124013,124018,124020,124061,124063,124071,124076,124079,124082,124100,124106,124110,124115,124118,124158,124160,124165,124264,124267,124283,124285,124304,124306,124313,124316,124322,124325,124331,124335,124341,124344,124350,124353,124355,124392],[10,122983,122985,122986,11147],{"id":122984},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,122987,56918],{},[20,122989,122990,122991,122993],{},"The Python string ",[15,122992,56918],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,122995,122996],{},"This reference page explains:",[126,122998,122999,123003,123006,123008,123016],{},[129,123000,25849,123001,116],{},[15,123002,56918],{},[129,123004,123005],{},"its syntax",[129,123007,35221],{},[129,123009,123010,123011,1126,123013,123015],{},"how ",[15,123012,35897],{},[15,123014,52287],{}," work",[129,123017,123018],{},"common beginner mistakes",[30,123020,33],{"id":32},[35,123022,123024],{"className":37,"code":123023,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123025,123026,123038,123060],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123027,123028,123030,123032,123034,123036],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123029,34514],{"class":50},[44,123031,55],{"class":54},[44,123033,1438],{"class":66},[44,123035,3912],{"class":70},[44,123037,3176],{"class":66},[44,123039,123040,123042,123044,123046,123048,123050,123052,123054,123056,123058],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,123041,82],{"class":58},[44,123043,63],{"class":62},[44,123045,34535],{"class":97},[44,123047,504],{"class":62},[44,123049,41082],{"class":97},[44,123051,63],{"class":62},[44,123053,67],{"class":66},[44,123055,491],{"class":70},[44,123057,67],{"class":66},[44,123059,434],{"class":62},[44,123061,123062,123064,123066,123068,123070,123072,123074,123076,123079,123081],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,123063,82],{"class":58},[44,123065,63],{"class":62},[44,123067,34535],{"class":97},[44,123069,504],{"class":62},[44,123071,41082],{"class":97},[44,123073,63],{"class":62},[44,123075,67],{"class":66},[44,123077,123078],{"class":70},"na",[44,123080,67],{"class":66},[44,123082,434],{"class":62},[20,123084,1031],{},[35,123086,123088],{"className":37,"code":123087,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n2\n",[15,123089,123090,123094],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123091,123092],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123093,46241],{"class":452},[44,123095,123096],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,123097,16885],{"class":452},[20,123099,103,123100,123103],{},[15,123101,123102],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[30,123105,12821,123107,12824],{"id":123106},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123108,56918],{},[20,123110,123111,123113],{},[15,123112,56918],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123115,12877],{},[126,123117,123118,123121,123124,123126],{},[129,123119,123120],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[129,123122,123123],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[129,123125,43472],{},[129,123127,123128],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123130,123131,123132,123134,123135,2018,123137,123139],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123133,17926],{}," characters are in ",[15,123136,64904],{},[15,123138,56918],{}," is a simple choice.",[30,123141,250],{"id":249},[35,123143,123145],{"className":37,"code":123144,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123146,123147],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123148,123149,123151,123153,123155,123157,123159,123161,123163,123165,123167],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123150,60803],{"class":50},[44,123152,504],{"class":62},[44,123154,41082],{"class":97},[44,123156,63],{"class":62},[44,123158,354],{"class":97},[44,123160,186],{"class":62},[44,123162,35876],{"class":97},[44,123164,186],{"class":62},[44,123166,64670],{"class":97},[44,123168,76],{"class":62},[600,123170,17224],{"id":17223},[126,123172,123173,123178,123183],{},[129,123174,123175,123177],{},[15,123176,354],{},": the text to search for",[129,123179,123180,123182],{},[15,123181,35897],{},": optional; where counting begins",[129,123184,123185,123187],{},[15,123186,52287],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123189,123190,1126,123192,123194],{},[15,123191,35897],{},[15,123193,52287],{}," work like slice positions:",[126,123196,123197,123202],{},[129,123198,123199,123201],{},[15,123200,35897],{}," is included",[129,123203,123204,75371],{},[15,123205,52287],{},[30,123207,17248],{"id":17247},[20,123209,123210,123212],{},[15,123211,56918],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123214,1957],{},[126,123216,123217,123222],{},[129,123218,123219,123220],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123221,1894],{},[129,123223,123224,123225],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123226,1951],{},[20,123228,40730,123229,4988,123231,497,123233,504],{},[3563,123230,4457],{},[15,123232,3420],{},[15,123234,3494],{},[20,123236,123237,123238,123243],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[491,123239,123241,101231],{"href":123240},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123242,3705],{}," is often a better fit.",[30,123245,11300],{"id":11299},[20,123247,123248],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[35,123250,123252],{"className":37,"code":123251,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123253,123254,123266,123288,123292],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123255,123256,123258,123260,123262,123264],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123257,34514],{"class":50},[44,123259,55],{"class":54},[44,123261,1438],{"class":66},[44,123263,3903],{"class":70},[44,123265,3176],{"class":66},[44,123267,123268,123270,123272,123274,123276,123278,123280,123282,123284,123286],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,123269,2059],{"class":50},[44,123271,55],{"class":54},[44,123273,42655],{"class":50},[44,123275,504],{"class":62},[44,123277,41082],{"class":97},[44,123279,63],{"class":62},[44,123281,67],{"class":66},[44,123283,20],{"class":70},[44,123285,67],{"class":66},[44,123287,76],{"class":62},[44,123289,123290],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,123291,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,123293,123294,123296,123298,123300],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,123295,82],{"class":58},[44,123297,63],{"class":62},[44,123299,2094],{"class":97},[44,123301,76],{"class":62},[20,123303,1031],{},[35,123305,123306],{"className":37,"code":16885,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123307,123308],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123309,123310],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123311,16885],{"class":452},[20,123313,63449,123314,123317,123318,504],{},[15,123315,123316],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123319,57461],{},[30,123321,123323],{"id":123322},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123325,123326,123328],{},[15,123327,56918],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[35,123330,123332],{"className":37,"code":123331,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123333,123334,123347],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123335,123336,123338,123340,123342,123345],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123337,34514],{"class":50},[44,123339,55],{"class":54},[44,123341,1438],{"class":66},[44,123343,123344],{"class":70},"cat dog cat bird cat",[44,123346,3176],{"class":66},[44,123348,123349,123351,123353,123355,123357,123359,123361,123363,123365,123367],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,123350,82],{"class":58},[44,123352,63],{"class":62},[44,123354,34535],{"class":97},[44,123356,504],{"class":62},[44,123358,41082],{"class":97},[44,123360,63],{"class":62},[44,123362,67],{"class":66},[44,123364,36873],{"class":70},[44,123366,67],{"class":66},[44,123368,434],{"class":62},[20,123370,1031],{},[35,123372,123373],{"className":37,"code":46241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123374,123375],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123376,123377],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123378,46241],{"class":452},[20,123380,123381],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123383,145],{},[35,123385,123387],{"className":37,"code":123386,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123388,123389,123402],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123390,123391,123393,123395,123397,123400],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123392,34514],{"class":50},[44,123394,55],{"class":54},[44,123396,1438],{"class":66},[44,123398,123399],{"class":70},"one One one",[44,123401,3176],{"class":66},[44,123403,123404,123406,123408,123410,123412,123414,123416,123418,123420,123422],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,123405,82],{"class":58},[44,123407,63],{"class":62},[44,123409,34535],{"class":97},[44,123411,504],{"class":62},[44,123413,41082],{"class":97},[44,123415,63],{"class":62},[44,123417,67],{"class":66},[44,123419,6415],{"class":70},[44,123421,67],{"class":66},[44,123423,434],{"class":62},[20,123425,1031],{},[35,123427,123428],{"className":37,"code":16885,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123429,123430],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123431,123432],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123433,16885],{"class":452},[20,123435,123436,123437,123440,123441,123443],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123438,123439],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123442,56918],{}," is case-sensitive.",[30,123445,8243,123446,1126,123448],{"id":65036},[15,123447,35897],{},[15,123449,52287],{},[20,123451,123452],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[35,123454,123456],{"className":37,"code":123455,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123457,123458,123470,123496],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123459,123460,123462,123464,123466,123468],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123461,34514],{"class":50},[44,123463,55],{"class":54},[44,123465,1438],{"class":66},[44,123467,3912],{"class":70},[44,123469,3176],{"class":66},[44,123471,123472,123474,123476,123478,123480,123482,123484,123486,123488,123490,123492,123494],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,123473,82],{"class":58},[44,123475,63],{"class":62},[44,123477,34535],{"class":97},[44,123479,504],{"class":62},[44,123481,41082],{"class":97},[44,123483,63],{"class":62},[44,123485,67],{"class":66},[44,123487,491],{"class":70},[44,123489,67],{"class":66},[44,123491,186],{"class":62},[44,123493,2812],{"class":452},[44,123495,434],{"class":62},[44,123497,123498,123500,123502,123504,123506,123508,123510,123512,123514,123516,123518,123520,123522,123524],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,123499,82],{"class":58},[44,123501,63],{"class":62},[44,123503,34535],{"class":97},[44,123505,504],{"class":62},[44,123507,41082],{"class":97},[44,123509,63],{"class":62},[44,123511,67],{"class":66},[44,123513,491],{"class":70},[44,123515,67],{"class":66},[44,123517,186],{"class":62},[44,123519,2812],{"class":452},[44,123521,186],{"class":62},[44,123523,4431],{"class":452},[44,123525,434],{"class":62},[20,123527,1031],{},[35,123529,123531],{"className":37,"code":123530,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n1\n",[15,123532,123533,123537],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123534,123535],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123536,16885],{"class":452},[44,123538,123539],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,123540,46541],{"class":452},[600,123542,123544],{"id":123543},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123546,123547,123548,449],{},"In ",[15,123549,64904],{},[126,123551,123552,123560,123568],{},[129,123553,70595,123554,123556,123557],{},[15,123555,1889],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123558,123559],{},"\"n\"",[129,123561,123562,123565,123566,75669],{},[15,123563,123564],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123567,1889],{},[129,123569,123570,123565,123573,123575,123576],{},[15,123571,123572],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123574,1889],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123577,1129],{},[20,123579,123580],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[35,123582,123584],{"className":37,"code":123583,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123585,123586,123598],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123587,123588,123590,123592,123594,123596],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123589,34514],{"class":50},[44,123591,55],{"class":54},[44,123593,1438],{"class":66},[44,123595,3912],{"class":70},[44,123597,3176],{"class":66},[44,123599,123600,123602,123604,123606,123608,123610,123612,123614],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,123601,82],{"class":58},[44,123603,63],{"class":62},[44,123605,34535],{"class":97},[44,123607,3723],{"class":62},[44,123609,1889],{"class":452},[44,123611,449],{"class":62},[44,123613,1129],{"class":452},[44,123615,3711],{"class":62},[20,123617,1031],{},[35,123619,123620],{"className":37,"code":41291,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123621,123622],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123623,123624],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123625,41291],{"class":50},[20,123627,123628],{},"Only that section is searched.",[30,123630,123632],{"id":123631},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123634,123635,123443],{},[15,123636,56918],{},[20,123638,1938],{},[126,123640,123641,123649],{},[129,123642,123643,1126,123645,123648],{},[15,123644,17926],{},[15,123646,123647],{},"\"A\""," are different",[129,123650,123651,1126,123653,123648],{},[15,123652,64164],{},[15,123654,90048],{},[20,123656,145],{},[35,123658,123660],{"className":37,"code":123659,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123661,123662,123675],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123663,123664,123666,123668,123670,123673],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123665,34514],{"class":50},[44,123667,55],{"class":54},[44,123669,1438],{"class":66},[44,123671,123672],{"class":70},"Apple apple APPLE",[44,123674,3176],{"class":66},[44,123676,123677,123679,123681,123683,123685,123687,123689,123691,123693,123695],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,123678,82],{"class":58},[44,123680,63],{"class":62},[44,123682,34535],{"class":97},[44,123684,504],{"class":62},[44,123686,41082],{"class":97},[44,123688,63],{"class":62},[44,123690,67],{"class":66},[44,123692,3903],{"class":70},[44,123694,67],{"class":66},[44,123696,434],{"class":62},[20,123698,1031],{},[35,123700,123701],{"className":37,"code":46541,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123702,123703],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123704,123705],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123706,46541],{"class":452},[20,123708,123709,123710,449],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[491,123711,123713],{"href":123712},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,123714,123715],{},"lower()",[35,123717,123719],{"className":37,"code":123718,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123720,123721,123733],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123722,123723,123725,123727,123729,123731],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123724,34514],{"class":50},[44,123726,55],{"class":54},[44,123728,1438],{"class":66},[44,123730,123672],{"class":70},[44,123732,3176],{"class":66},[44,123734,123735,123737,123739,123741,123743,123745,123747,123749,123751,123753,123755,123757],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,123736,82],{"class":58},[44,123738,63],{"class":62},[44,123740,34535],{"class":97},[44,123742,504],{"class":62},[44,123744,8465],{"class":97},[44,123746,8462],{"class":62},[44,123748,41082],{"class":97},[44,123750,63],{"class":62},[44,123752,67],{"class":66},[44,123754,3903],{"class":70},[44,123756,67],{"class":66},[44,123758,434],{"class":62},[20,123760,1031],{},[35,123762,123763],{"className":37,"code":46241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123764,123765],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123766,123767],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123768,46241],{"class":452},[30,123770,1486],{"id":1485},[20,123772,22923,123773,504],{},[15,123774,56918],{},[600,123776,8279,123778,123780],{"id":123777},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,123779,56918],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,123782,123783],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[35,123785,123787],{"className":37,"code":123786,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123788,123789,123802],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123790,123791,123793,123795,123797,123800],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123792,34514],{"class":50},[44,123794,55],{"class":54},[44,123796,1438],{"class":66},[44,123798,123799],{"class":70},"Aardvark",[44,123801,3176],{"class":66},[44,123803,123804,123806,123808,123810,123812,123814,123816,123818,123820,123822],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,123805,82],{"class":58},[44,123807,63],{"class":62},[44,123809,34535],{"class":97},[44,123811,504],{"class":62},[44,123813,41082],{"class":97},[44,123815,63],{"class":62},[44,123817,67],{"class":66},[44,123819,491],{"class":70},[44,123821,67],{"class":66},[44,123823,434],{"class":62},[20,123825,1031],{},[35,123827,123828],{"className":37,"code":16885,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123829,123830],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123831,123832],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123833,16885],{"class":452},[20,123835,123436,123836,123838],{},[15,123837,123647],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,123840,123841],{},"If needed, convert first:",[35,123843,123845],{"className":37,"code":123844,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123846,123847,123859],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123848,123849,123851,123853,123855,123857],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123850,34514],{"class":50},[44,123852,55],{"class":54},[44,123854,1438],{"class":66},[44,123856,123799],{"class":70},[44,123858,3176],{"class":66},[44,123860,123861,123863,123865,123867,123869,123871,123873,123875,123877,123879,123881,123883],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,123862,82],{"class":58},[44,123864,63],{"class":62},[44,123866,34535],{"class":97},[44,123868,504],{"class":62},[44,123870,8465],{"class":97},[44,123872,8462],{"class":62},[44,123874,41082],{"class":97},[44,123876,63],{"class":62},[44,123878,67],{"class":66},[44,123880,491],{"class":70},[44,123882,67],{"class":66},[44,123884,434],{"class":62},[600,123886,123888],{"id":123887},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,123890,123891],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[35,123893,123895],{"className":37,"code":123894,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,123896,123897,123909],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123898,123899,123901,123903,123905,123907],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123900,34514],{"class":50},[44,123902,55],{"class":54},[44,123904,1438],{"class":66},[44,123906,3912],{"class":70},[44,123908,3176],{"class":66},[44,123910,123911,123913,123915,123917,123919,123921,123923,123925],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,123912,82],{"class":58},[44,123914,63],{"class":62},[44,123916,34535],{"class":97},[44,123918,504],{"class":62},[44,123920,41082],{"class":97},[44,123922,63],{"class":62},[44,123924,491],{"class":97},[44,123926,434],{"class":62},[20,123928,123929,123930,504],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,123931,491],{},[20,123933,10631],{},[35,123935,123937],{"className":37,"code":123936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123938,123939,123951],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123940,123941,123943,123945,123947,123949],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123942,34514],{"class":50},[44,123944,55],{"class":54},[44,123946,1438],{"class":66},[44,123948,3912],{"class":70},[44,123950,3176],{"class":66},[44,123952,123953,123955,123957,123959,123961,123963,123965,123967,123969,123971],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,123954,82],{"class":58},[44,123956,63],{"class":62},[44,123958,34535],{"class":97},[44,123960,504],{"class":62},[44,123962,41082],{"class":97},[44,123964,63],{"class":62},[44,123966,67],{"class":66},[44,123968,491],{"class":70},[44,123970,67],{"class":66},[44,123972,434],{"class":62},[600,123974,37030,123976,8529,123978,497,123981],{"id":123975},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,123977,56918],{},[15,123979,123980],{},"find()",[15,123982,58596],{},[20,123984,103,123985,123987,123988,504],{},[15,123986,56918],{}," when you need the ",[3563,123989,123990],{},"number of matches",[20,123992,103,123993,123987,123998,124000],{},[491,123994,123996],{"href":123995},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,123997,123980],{},[3563,123999,64576],{}," of the first match.",[20,124002,103,124003,124008],{},[491,124004,124006],{"href":124005},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124007,58596],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[600,124010,124012],{"id":124011},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124014,124015,124017],{},[15,124016,56918],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124019,145],{},[35,124021,124023],{"className":37,"code":124022,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124024,124025,124038],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124026,124027,124029,124031,124033,124036],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124028,34514],{"class":50},[44,124030,55],{"class":54},[44,124032,1438],{"class":66},[44,124034,124035],{"class":70},"aaaa",[44,124037,3176],{"class":66},[44,124039,124040,124042,124044,124046,124048,124050,124052,124054,124057,124059],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,124041,82],{"class":58},[44,124043,63],{"class":62},[44,124045,34535],{"class":97},[44,124047,504],{"class":62},[44,124049,41082],{"class":97},[44,124051,63],{"class":62},[44,124053,67],{"class":66},[44,124055,124056],{"class":70},"aa",[44,124058,67],{"class":66},[44,124060,434],{"class":62},[20,124062,1031],{},[35,124064,124065],{"className":37,"code":16885,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,124066,124067],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124068,124069],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124070,16885],{"class":452},[20,124072,124073,124074,504],{},"It does not return ",[15,124075,1894],{},[20,124077,124078],{},"Why not?",[20,124080,124081],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[126,124083,124084,124093],{},[129,124085,124086,124089,124090],{},[15,124087,124088],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124091,124092],{},"0-1",[129,124094,124095,124089,124097],{},[15,124096,124088],{},[15,124098,124099],{},"2-3",[20,124101,124102,124103,504],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124104,124105],{},"1-2",[30,124107,4788,124108],{"id":58001},[15,124109,56918],{},[20,124111,103,124112,124114],{},[15,124113,56918],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124116,124117],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[126,124119,124120,124129,124139,124149],{},[129,124121,103,124122,124124,124125,124128],{},[15,124123,56918],{}," when you need ",[3563,124126,124127],{},"how many times"," something appears",[129,124130,103,124131,124124,124135,124138],{},[491,124132,124133],{"href":123995},[15,124134,123980],{},[3563,124136,124137],{},"where"," it appears",[129,124140,47435,124141,124145,124146],{},[491,124142,124143,101231],{"href":123240},[15,124144,3705],{}," when you only need to know ",[3563,124147,124148],{},"if it exists",[129,124150,103,124151,124157],{},[491,124152,124154],{"href":124153},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124155,124156],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[30,124159,25772],{"id":25771},[20,124161,8700,124162,124164],{},[15,124163,56918],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[35,124166,124168],{"className":37,"code":124167,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124169,124170,124180,124194,124216,124242],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124171,124172,124174,124176,124178],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124173,82],{"class":58},[44,124175,63],{"class":62},[44,124177,34535],{"class":97},[44,124179,76],{"class":62},[44,124181,124182,124184,124186,124188,124190,124192],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,124183,82],{"class":58},[44,124185,63],{"class":62},[44,124187,427],{"class":426},[44,124189,63],{"class":62},[44,124191,34535],{"class":97},[44,124193,434],{"class":62},[44,124195,124196,124198,124200,124202,124204,124206,124208,124210,124212,124214],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,124197,82],{"class":58},[44,124199,63],{"class":62},[44,124201,34535],{"class":97},[44,124203,504],{"class":62},[44,124205,41082],{"class":97},[44,124207,63],{"class":62},[44,124209,67],{"class":66},[44,124211,491],{"class":70},[44,124213,67],{"class":66},[44,124215,434],{"class":62},[44,124217,124218,124220,124222,124224,124226,124228,124230,124232,124234,124236,124238,124240],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,124219,82],{"class":58},[44,124221,63],{"class":62},[44,124223,34535],{"class":97},[44,124225,504],{"class":62},[44,124227,8465],{"class":97},[44,124229,8462],{"class":62},[44,124231,41082],{"class":97},[44,124233,63],{"class":62},[44,124235,67],{"class":66},[44,124237,491],{"class":70},[44,124239,67],{"class":66},[44,124241,434],{"class":62},[44,124243,124244,124246,124248,124250,124252,124254,124256,124258,124260,124262],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,124245,82],{"class":58},[44,124247,63],{"class":62},[44,124249,34535],{"class":97},[44,124251,504],{"class":62},[44,124253,41082],{"class":97},[44,124255,63],{"class":62},[44,124257,67],{"class":66},[44,124259,123078],{"class":70},[44,124261,67],{"class":66},[44,124263,434],{"class":62},[20,124265,124266],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[126,124268,124269,124272,124277,124280],{},[129,124270,124271],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[129,124273,124274,124276],{},[15,124275,34535],{}," not being a string",[129,124278,124279],{},"counting the wrong substring",[129,124281,124282],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124284,58490],{},[126,124286,124287,124290,124293,124296],{},[129,124288,124289],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[129,124291,124292],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[129,124294,124295],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[129,124297,50117,124298,44444,124300,497,124302,72941],{},[15,124299,56918],{},[15,124301,123980],{},[15,124303,3705],{},[30,124305,1651],{"id":1650},[600,124307,124309,124310,124312],{"id":124308},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124311,56918],{}," change the original string?",[20,124314,124315],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[600,124317,14730,124319,124321],{"id":124318},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124320,56918],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124323,124324],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[600,124326,4970,124328,124330],{"id":124327},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124329,56918],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124332,4976,124333,504],{},[15,124334,1951],{},[600,124336,4997,124338,124340],{"id":124337},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124339,56918],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124342,124343],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[600,124345,1655,124347,124349],{"id":124346},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124348,56918],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124351,124352],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[30,124354,1719],{"id":1718},[126,124356,124357,124364,124371,124378,124385],{},[129,124358,124359],{},[491,124360,124361],{"href":123995},[15,124362,124363],{},"Python string find() method",[129,124365,124366],{},[491,124367,124368],{"href":124005},[15,124369,124370],{},"Python string index() method",[129,124372,124373],{},[491,124374,124375],{"href":123712},[15,124376,124377],{},"Python string lower() method",[129,124379,124380],{},[491,124381,124382],{"href":123240},[15,124383,124384],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[129,124386,124387],{},[491,124388,124389],{"href":124153},[15,124390,124391],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1758,124393,124394],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":124396},[124397,124398,124400,124403,124404,124405,124406,124409,124410,124418,124419,124420,124432],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":123106,"depth":79,"text":124399},"What the count() method does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250,"children":124401},[124402],{"id":17223,"depth":419,"text":17224},{"id":17247,"depth":79,"text":17248},{"id":11299,"depth":79,"text":11300},{"id":123322,"depth":79,"text":123323},{"id":65036,"depth":79,"text":65819,"children":124407},[124408],{"id":123543,"depth":419,"text":123544},{"id":123631,"depth":79,"text":123632},{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486,"children":124411},[124412,124414,124415,124417],{"id":123777,"depth":419,"text":124413},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":123887,"depth":419,"text":123888},{"id":123975,"depth":419,"text":124416},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124011,"depth":419,"text":124012},{"id":58001,"depth":79,"text":58632},{"id":25771,"depth":79,"text":25772},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":124421},[124422,124424,124426,124428,124430],{"id":124308,"depth":419,"text":124423},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124318,"depth":419,"text":124425},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124327,"depth":419,"text":124427},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124337,"depth":419,"text":124429},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124346,"depth":419,"text":124431},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":122979,"description":124433},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124440,"title":124441,"body":124442,"description":126027,"extension":1796,"meta":126028,"navigation":807,"path":126029,"seo":126030,"stem":126031,"__hash__":126032},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124443,"toc":126000},[124444,124447,124450,124547,124556,124558,124577,124581,124584,124587,124600,124603,124632,124637,124642,124700,124702,124735,124741,124745,124748,124751,124780,124783,124810,124813,124816,124820,124823,124830,124893,124895,124913,124916,124920,124923,124926,124968,124971,125015,125018,125021,125025,125030,125033,125076,125078,125101,125104,125137,125140,125189,125199,125203,125206,125209,125238,125241,125252,125254,125313,125316,125320,125323,125326,125341,125350,125353,125387,125390,125417,125420,125427,125429,125432,125434,125437,125451,125460,125462,125489,125493,125496,125510,125513,125572,125576,125579,125606,125609,125636,125644,125647,125707,125709,125742,125746,125749,125768,125773,125822,125827,125829,125832,125891,125909,125911,125915,125923,125927,125930,125934,125940,125944,125954,125958,125961,125963,125997],[10,124445,124441],{"id":124446},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124448,124449],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[35,124451,124453],{"className":37,"code":124452,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124454,124455,124467,124479,124488,124502,124506,124516,124526,124537],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124456,124457,124459,124461,124463,124465],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124458,51],{"class":50},[44,124460,55],{"class":54},[44,124462,1438],{"class":66},[44,124464,4831],{"class":70},[44,124466,3176],{"class":66},[44,124468,124469,124471,124473,124475,124477],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,124470,89637],{"class":50},[44,124472,55],{"class":54},[44,124474,470],{"class":66},[44,124476,34693],{"class":70},[44,124478,29530],{"class":66},[44,124480,124481,124484,124486],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,124482,124483],{"class":50},"empty ",[44,124485,55],{"class":54},[44,124487,7711],{"class":66},[44,124489,124490,124492,124494,124496,124498,124500],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,124491,34514],{"class":50},[44,124493,55],{"class":54},[44,124495,48529],{"class":426},[44,124497,63],{"class":62},[44,124499,49871],{"class":452},[44,124501,76],{"class":62},[44,124503,124504],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,124505,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,124507,124508,124510,124512,124514],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,124509,82],{"class":58},[44,124511,63],{"class":62},[44,124513,652],{"class":97},[44,124515,76],{"class":62},[44,124517,124518,124520,124522,124524],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,124519,82],{"class":58},[44,124521,63],{"class":62},[44,124523,89654],{"class":97},[44,124525,76],{"class":62},[44,124527,124528,124530,124532,124535],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,124529,82],{"class":58},[44,124531,63],{"class":62},[44,124533,124534],{"class":97},"empty",[44,124536,76],{"class":62},[44,124538,124539,124541,124543,124545],{"class":46,"line":6261},[44,124540,82],{"class":58},[44,124542,63],{"class":62},[44,124544,34535],{"class":97},[44,124546,76],{"class":62},[20,124548,124549,124552,124553,124555],{},[3563,124550,124551],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124554,47308],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[30,124557,14990],{"id":14989},[126,124559,124560,124563,124566,124569,124574],{},[129,124561,124562],{},"What a string is in Python",[129,124564,124565],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[129,124567,124568],{},"How to create an empty string",[129,124570,124571,124572],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124573,47308],{},[129,124575,124576],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[30,124578,124580],{"id":124579},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124582,124583],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124585,124586],{},"Strings can contain:",[126,124588,124589,124592,124594,124597],{},[129,124590,124591],{},"Letters",[129,124593,56089],{},[129,124595,124596],{},"Spaces",[129,124598,124599],{},"Symbols",[20,124601,124602],{},"Examples of strings:",[35,124604,124606],{"className":37,"code":124605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124607,124608,124616,124624],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124609,124610,124612,124614],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124611,67],{"class":43142},[44,124613,3667],{"class":43146},[44,124615,3176],{"class":43142},[44,124617,124618,124620,124622],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,124619,67],{"class":43142},[44,124621,49871],{"class":43146},[44,124623,3176],{"class":43142},[44,124625,124626,124628,124630],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,124627,67],{"class":43142},[44,124629,88779],{"class":43146},[44,124631,3176],{"class":43142},[20,124633,20806,124634,124636],{},[15,124635,49921],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124638,124639,124640,449],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124641,2132],{},[35,124643,124645],{"className":37,"code":124644,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124646,124647,124659,124668,124672,124686],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124648,124649,124651,124653,124655,124657],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124650,34514],{"class":50},[44,124652,55],{"class":54},[44,124654,1438],{"class":66},[44,124656,49871],{"class":70},[44,124658,3176],{"class":66},[44,124660,124661,124663,124665],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,124662,2046],{"class":50},[44,124664,55],{"class":54},[44,124666,124667],{"class":452}," 123\n",[44,124669,124670],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,124671,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,124673,124674,124676,124678,124680,124682,124684],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,124675,82],{"class":58},[44,124677,63],{"class":62},[44,124679,427],{"class":426},[44,124681,63],{"class":62},[44,124683,34535],{"class":97},[44,124685,434],{"class":62},[44,124687,124688,124690,124692,124694,124696,124698],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,124689,82],{"class":58},[44,124691,63],{"class":62},[44,124693,427],{"class":426},[44,124695,63],{"class":62},[44,124697,2069],{"class":97},[44,124699,434],{"class":62},[20,124701,1031],{},[35,124703,124705],{"className":37,"code":124704,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124706,124707,124721],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124708,124709,124711,124713,124715,124717,124719],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124710,463],{"class":54},[44,124712,467],{"class":466},[44,124714,470],{"class":66},[44,124716,473],{"class":70},[44,124718,476],{"class":66},[44,124720,479],{"class":54},[44,124722,124723,124725,124727,124729,124731,124733],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,124724,463],{"class":54},[44,124726,467],{"class":466},[44,124728,470],{"class":66},[44,124730,588],{"class":70},[44,124732,476],{"class":66},[44,124734,479],{"class":54},[20,124736,124737,124738,504],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[491,124739,124740],{"href":50601},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[30,124742,124744],{"id":124743},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,124746,124747],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,124749,124750],{},"You can use single quotes:",[35,124752,124754],{"className":37,"code":124753,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124755,124756,124769],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124757,124758,124761,124763,124765,124767],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124759,124760],{"class":50},"greeting ",[44,124762,55],{"class":54},[44,124764,470],{"class":66},[44,124766,3667],{"class":70},[44,124768,29530],{"class":66},[44,124770,124771,124773,124775,124778],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,124772,82],{"class":58},[44,124774,63],{"class":62},[44,124776,124777],{"class":97},"greeting",[44,124779,76],{"class":62},[20,124781,124782],{},"Or double quotes:",[35,124784,124786],{"className":37,"code":124785,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124787,124788,124800],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124789,124790,124792,124794,124796,124798],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124791,124760],{"class":50},[44,124793,55],{"class":54},[44,124795,1438],{"class":66},[44,124797,3667],{"class":70},[44,124799,3176],{"class":66},[44,124801,124802,124804,124806,124808],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,124803,82],{"class":58},[44,124805,63],{"class":62},[44,124807,124777],{"class":97},[44,124809,76],{"class":62},[20,124811,124812],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,124814,124815],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[30,124817,124819],{"id":124818},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,124821,124822],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,124824,124825,124826,497,124828,449],{},"Use either ",[15,124827,6101],{},[15,124829,3594],{},[35,124831,124833],{"className":37,"code":124832,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,124834,124835,124844,124853,124857,124868,124879],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124836,124837,124840,124842],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124838,124839],{"class":50},"empty1 ",[44,124841,55],{"class":54},[44,124843,7711],{"class":66},[44,124845,124846,124849,124851],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,124847,124848],{"class":50},"empty2 ",[44,124850,55],{"class":54},[44,124852,47120],{"class":66},[44,124854,124855],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,124856,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,124858,124859,124861,124863,124866],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,124860,82],{"class":58},[44,124862,63],{"class":62},[44,124864,124865],{"class":97},"empty1",[44,124867,76],{"class":62},[44,124869,124870,124872,124874,124877],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,124871,82],{"class":58},[44,124873,63],{"class":62},[44,124875,124876],{"class":97},"empty2",[44,124878,76],{"class":62},[44,124880,124881,124883,124885,124887,124889,124891],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,124882,82],{"class":58},[44,124884,63],{"class":62},[44,124886,427],{"class":426},[44,124888,63],{"class":62},[44,124890,124865],{"class":97},[44,124892,434],{"class":62},[20,124894,1031],{},[35,124896,124897],{"className":37,"code":1034,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,124898,124899],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124900,124901,124903,124905,124907,124909,124911],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124902,463],{"class":54},[44,124904,467],{"class":466},[44,124906,470],{"class":66},[44,124908,473],{"class":70},[44,124910,476],{"class":66},[44,124912,479],{"class":54},[20,124914,124915],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[30,124917,124919],{"id":124918},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,124921,124922],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,124924,124925],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[35,124927,124929],{"className":37,"code":124928,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124930,124931,124942,124947,124954,124958],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124932,124933,124935,124937,124940],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124934,89637],{"class":50},[44,124936,55],{"class":54},[44,124938,124939],{"class":66}," \"\"\"",[44,124941,88579],{"class":70},[44,124943,124944],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,124945,124946],{"class":70},"Welcome to Python\n",[44,124948,124949,124952],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,124950,124951],{"class":70},"Have a nice day",[44,124953,43150],{"class":66},[44,124955,124956],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,124957,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,124959,124960,124962,124964,124966],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,124961,82],{"class":58},[44,124963,63],{"class":62},[44,124965,89654],{"class":97},[44,124967,76],{"class":62},[20,124969,124970],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[35,124972,124974],{"className":37,"code":124973,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124975,124976,124988,124993,125001,125005],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124977,124978,124980,124982,124985],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124979,89637],{"class":50},[44,124981,55],{"class":54},[44,124983,124984],{"class":66}," '''",[44,124986,124987],{"class":70},"Line 1\n",[44,124989,124990],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,124991,124992],{"class":70},"Line 2\n",[44,124994,124995,124998],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,124996,124997],{"class":70},"Line 3",[44,124999,125000],{"class":66},"'''\n",[44,125002,125003],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,125004,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,125006,125007,125009,125011,125013],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,125008,82],{"class":58},[44,125010,63],{"class":62},[44,125012,89654],{"class":97},[44,125014,76],{"class":62},[20,125016,125017],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125019,125020],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[30,125022,125024],{"id":125023},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125026,22,125027,125029],{},[15,125028,47308],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125031,125032],{},"Example with a number:",[35,125034,125036],{"className":37,"code":125035,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125037,125038,125052,125062],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125039,125040,125042,125044,125046,125048,125050],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125041,34514],{"class":50},[44,125043,55],{"class":54},[44,125045,48529],{"class":426},[44,125047,63],{"class":62},[44,125049,46150],{"class":452},[44,125051,76],{"class":62},[44,125053,125054,125056,125058,125060],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,125055,82],{"class":58},[44,125057,63],{"class":62},[44,125059,34535],{"class":97},[44,125061,76],{"class":62},[44,125063,125064,125066,125068,125070,125072,125074],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,125065,82],{"class":58},[44,125067,63],{"class":62},[44,125069,427],{"class":426},[44,125071,63],{"class":62},[44,125073,34535],{"class":97},[44,125075,434],{"class":62},[20,125077,1031],{},[35,125079,125081],{"className":37,"code":125080,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125082,125083,125087],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125084,125085],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125086,46236],{"class":452},[44,125088,125089,125091,125093,125095,125097,125099],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,125090,463],{"class":54},[44,125092,467],{"class":466},[44,125094,470],{"class":66},[44,125096,473],{"class":70},[44,125098,476],{"class":66},[44,125100,479],{"class":54},[20,125102,125103],{},"You can also convert other values:",[35,125105,125107],{"className":37,"code":125106,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125108,125109,125123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125110,125111,125113,125115,125117,125119,125121],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125112,82],{"class":58},[44,125114,63],{"class":62},[44,125116,473],{"class":426},[44,125118,63],{"class":62},[44,125120,3420],{"class":3674},[44,125122,434],{"class":62},[44,125124,125125,125127,125129,125131,125133,125135],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,125126,82],{"class":58},[44,125128,63],{"class":62},[44,125130,473],{"class":426},[44,125132,63],{"class":62},[44,125134,39968],{"class":452},[44,125136,434],{"class":62},[20,125138,125139],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[35,125141,125143],{"className":37,"code":125142,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125144,125145,125153,125175,125179],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125146,125147,125149,125151],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125148,390],{"class":50},[44,125150,55],{"class":54},[44,125152,453],{"class":452},[44,125154,125155,125157,125159,125161,125163,125165,125167,125169,125171,125173],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,125156,89637],{"class":50},[44,125158,55],{"class":54},[44,125160,1438],{"class":66},[44,125162,89055],{"class":70},[44,125164,67],{"class":66},[44,125166,94],{"class":54},[44,125168,48529],{"class":426},[44,125170,63],{"class":62},[44,125172,414],{"class":97},[44,125174,76],{"class":62},[44,125176,125177],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,125178,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,125180,125181,125183,125185,125187],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,125182,82],{"class":58},[44,125184,63],{"class":62},[44,125186,89654],{"class":97},[44,125188,76],{"class":62},[20,125190,125191,125192,497,125196,504],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[491,125193,13,125194,1738],{"href":41990},[15,125195,47308],{},[491,125197,125198],{"href":122910},"how to convert int to string in Python",[30,125200,125202],{"id":125201},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125204,125205],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125207,125208],{},"Both of these are valid:",[35,125210,125212],{"className":37,"code":125211,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125213,125214,125226],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125215,125216,125218,125220,125222,125224],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125217,1070],{"class":50},[44,125219,55],{"class":54},[44,125221,470],{"class":66},[44,125223,7127],{"class":70},[44,125225,29530],{"class":66},[44,125227,125228,125230,125232,125234,125236],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,125229,1089],{"class":50},[44,125231,55],{"class":54},[44,125233,1438],{"class":66},[44,125235,7127],{"class":70},[44,125237,3176],{"class":66},[20,125239,125240],{},"A common rule is:",[126,125242,125243,125246,125249],{},[129,125244,125245],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[129,125247,125248],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[129,125250,125251],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125253,145],{},[35,125255,125257],{"className":37,"code":125256,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125258,125259,125273,125287,125291,125302],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125260,125261,125264,125266,125268,125271],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125262,125263],{"class":50},"text1 ",[44,125265,55],{"class":54},[44,125267,1438],{"class":66},[44,125269,125270],{"class":70},"It's working",[44,125272,3176],{"class":66},[44,125274,125275,125278,125280,125282,125285],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,125276,125277],{"class":50},"text2 ",[44,125279,55],{"class":54},[44,125281,470],{"class":66},[44,125283,125284],{"class":70},"She said \"hello\"",[44,125286,29530],{"class":66},[44,125288,125289],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,125290,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,125292,125293,125295,125297,125300],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,125294,82],{"class":58},[44,125296,63],{"class":62},[44,125298,125299],{"class":97},"text1",[44,125301,76],{"class":62},[44,125303,125304,125306,125308,125311],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,125305,82],{"class":58},[44,125307,63],{"class":62},[44,125309,125310],{"class":97},"text2",[44,125312,76],{"class":62},[20,125314,125315],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[30,125317,125319],{"id":125318},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125321,125322],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125324,125325],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[35,125327,125329],{"className":37,"code":125328,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125330,125331,125336],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125332,125333],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125334,125335],{"class":3483},"# This will cause an error\n",[44,125337,125338],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,125339,125340],{"class":3483},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125342,125343,125344,35156,125346,125349],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125345,476],{},[15,125347,125348],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125351,125352],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[35,125354,125356],{"className":37,"code":125355,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125357,125358,125377],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125359,125360,125362,125364,125366,125369,125372,125375],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125361,34514],{"class":50},[44,125363,55],{"class":54},[44,125365,470],{"class":66},[44,125367,125368],{"class":70},"It",[44,125370,125371],{"class":34279},"\\'",[44,125373,125374],{"class":70},"s working",[44,125376,29530],{"class":66},[44,125378,125379,125381,125383,125385],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,125380,82],{"class":58},[44,125382,63],{"class":62},[44,125384,34535],{"class":97},[44,125386,76],{"class":62},[20,125388,125389],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[35,125391,125393],{"className":37,"code":125392,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125394,125395,125407],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125396,125397,125399,125401,125403,125405],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125398,34514],{"class":50},[44,125400,55],{"class":54},[44,125402,1438],{"class":66},[44,125404,125270],{"class":70},[44,125406,3176],{"class":66},[44,125408,125409,125411,125413,125415],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,125410,82],{"class":58},[44,125412,63],{"class":62},[44,125414,34535],{"class":97},[44,125416,76],{"class":62},[20,125418,125419],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125421,125422,125423,504],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[491,125424,125426],{"href":125425},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[30,125428,1486],{"id":1485},[20,125430,125431],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[600,125433,89844],{"id":89843},[20,125435,125436],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[35,125438,125440],{"className":37,"code":125439,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125441,125442,125446],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125443,125444],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125445,125335],{"class":3483},[44,125447,125448],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,125449,125450],{"class":3483},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125452,125453,125454,8428,125457,125459],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125455,125456],{},"NameError",[15,125458,4831],{}," is not defined.",[20,125461,10631],{},[35,125463,125465],{"className":37,"code":125464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125466,125467,125479],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125468,125469,125471,125473,125475,125477],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125470,51],{"class":50},[44,125472,55],{"class":54},[44,125474,1438],{"class":66},[44,125476,4831],{"class":70},[44,125478,3176],{"class":66},[44,125480,125481,125483,125485,125487],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,125482,82],{"class":58},[44,125484,63],{"class":62},[44,125486,652],{"class":97},[44,125488,76],{"class":62},[600,125490,125492],{"id":125491},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125494,125495],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[35,125497,125499],{"className":37,"code":125498,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125500,125501,125505],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125502,125503],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125504,125335],{"class":3483},[44,125506,125507],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,125508,125509],{"class":3483},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125511,125512],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[35,125514,125516],{"className":37,"code":125515,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125517,125518,125535,125548,125552,125562],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125519,125520,125522,125524,125526,125528,125530,125533],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125521,125263],{"class":50},[44,125523,55],{"class":54},[44,125525,470],{"class":66},[44,125527,125368],{"class":70},[44,125529,125371],{"class":34279},[44,125531,125532],{"class":70},"s good",[44,125534,29530],{"class":66},[44,125536,125537,125539,125541,125543,125546],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,125538,125277],{"class":50},[44,125540,55],{"class":54},[44,125542,1438],{"class":66},[44,125544,125545],{"class":70},"It's good",[44,125547,3176],{"class":66},[44,125549,125550],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,125551,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,125553,125554,125556,125558,125560],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,125555,82],{"class":58},[44,125557,63],{"class":62},[44,125559,125299],{"class":97},[44,125561,76],{"class":62},[44,125563,125564,125566,125568,125570],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,125565,82],{"class":58},[44,125567,63],{"class":62},[44,125569,125310],{"class":97},[44,125571,76],{"class":62},[600,125573,125575],{"id":125574},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125577,125578],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[35,125580,125582],{"className":37,"code":125581,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125583,125584,125596],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125585,125586,125588,125590,125592,125594],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125587,34514],{"class":50},[44,125589,55],{"class":54},[44,125591,124939],{"class":66},[44,125593,3667],{"class":70},[44,125595,43150],{"class":66},[44,125597,125598,125600,125602,125604],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,125599,82],{"class":58},[44,125601,63],{"class":62},[44,125603,34535],{"class":97},[44,125605,76],{"class":62},[20,125607,125608],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[35,125610,125612],{"className":37,"code":125611,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125613,125614,125626],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125615,125616,125618,125620,125622,125624],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125617,34514],{"class":50},[44,125619,55],{"class":54},[44,125621,1438],{"class":66},[44,125623,3667],{"class":70},[44,125625,3176],{"class":66},[44,125627,125628,125630,125632,125634],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,125629,82],{"class":58},[44,125631,63],{"class":62},[44,125633,34535],{"class":97},[44,125635,76],{"class":62},[600,125637,4405,125639,1126,125641,125643],{"id":125638},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125640,49871],{},[15,125642,49921],{}," are the same type",[20,125645,125646],{},"They are different:",[35,125648,125650],{"className":37,"code":125649,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125651,125652,125661,125674,125678,125692],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125653,125654,125657,125659],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125655,125656],{"class":50},"value1 ",[44,125658,55],{"class":54},[44,125660,124667],{"class":452},[44,125662,125663,125666,125668,125670,125672],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,125664,125665],{"class":50},"value2 ",[44,125667,55],{"class":54},[44,125669,1438],{"class":66},[44,125671,49871],{"class":70},[44,125673,3176],{"class":66},[44,125675,125676],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,125677,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,125679,125680,125682,125684,125686,125688,125690],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,125681,82],{"class":58},[44,125683,63],{"class":62},[44,125685,427],{"class":426},[44,125687,63],{"class":62},[44,125689,84400],{"class":97},[44,125691,434],{"class":62},[44,125693,125694,125696,125698,125700,125702,125705],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,125695,82],{"class":58},[44,125697,63],{"class":62},[44,125699,427],{"class":426},[44,125701,63],{"class":62},[44,125703,125704],{"class":97},"value2",[44,125706,434],{"class":62},[20,125708,1031],{},[35,125710,125712],{"className":37,"code":125711,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125713,125714,125728],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125715,125716,125718,125720,125722,125724,125726],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125717,463],{"class":54},[44,125719,467],{"class":466},[44,125721,470],{"class":66},[44,125723,588],{"class":70},[44,125725,476],{"class":66},[44,125727,479],{"class":54},[44,125729,125730,125732,125734,125736,125738,125740],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,125731,463],{"class":54},[44,125733,467],{"class":466},[44,125735,470],{"class":66},[44,125737,473],{"class":70},[44,125739,476],{"class":66},[44,125741,479],{"class":54},[600,125743,125745],{"id":125744},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,125747,125748],{},"This causes a type error:",[35,125750,125752],{"className":37,"code":125751,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,125753,125754,125758,125763],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125755,125756],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125757,125335],{"class":3483},[44,125759,125760],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,125761,125762],{"class":3483},"# age = 10\n",[44,125764,125765],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,125766,125767],{"class":3483},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,125769,125770,125771,449],{},"Fix it with ",[15,125772,47308],{},[35,125774,125776],{"className":37,"code":125775,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125777,125778,125786,125808,125812],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125779,125780,125782,125784],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125781,390],{"class":50},[44,125783,55],{"class":54},[44,125785,2412],{"class":452},[44,125787,125788,125790,125792,125794,125796,125798,125800,125802,125804,125806],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,125789,89637],{"class":50},[44,125791,55],{"class":54},[44,125793,1438],{"class":66},[44,125795,89055],{"class":70},[44,125797,67],{"class":66},[44,125799,94],{"class":54},[44,125801,48529],{"class":426},[44,125803,63],{"class":62},[44,125805,414],{"class":97},[44,125807,76],{"class":62},[44,125809,125810],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,125811,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,125813,125814,125816,125818,125820],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,125815,82],{"class":58},[44,125817,63],{"class":62},[44,125819,89654],{"class":97},[44,125821,76],{"class":62},[20,125823,125824,125825,504],{},"For this specific error, see ",[491,125826,90036],{"href":90035},[600,125828,60339],{"id":60338},[20,125830,125831],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[35,125833,125835],{"className":37,"code":125834,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,125836,125837,125849,125853,125863,125877],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125838,125839,125841,125843,125845,125847],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125840,34514],{"class":50},[44,125842,55],{"class":54},[44,125844,1438],{"class":66},[44,125846,3667],{"class":70},[44,125848,3176],{"class":66},[44,125850,125851],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,125852,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,125854,125855,125857,125859,125861],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,125856,82],{"class":58},[44,125858,63],{"class":62},[44,125860,34535],{"class":97},[44,125862,76],{"class":62},[44,125864,125865,125867,125869,125871,125873,125875],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,125866,82],{"class":58},[44,125868,63],{"class":62},[44,125870,427],{"class":426},[44,125872,63],{"class":62},[44,125874,34535],{"class":97},[44,125876,434],{"class":62},[44,125878,125879,125881,125883,125885,125887,125889],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,125880,82],{"class":58},[44,125882,63],{"class":62},[44,125884,1231],{"class":58},[44,125886,63],{"class":62},[44,125888,34535],{"class":97},[44,125890,434],{"class":62},[126,125892,125893,125898,125903],{},[129,125894,125895,1569],{},[15,125896,125897],{},"print(text)",[129,125899,125900,1575],{},[15,125901,125902],{},"print(type(text))",[129,125904,125905,125908],{},[15,125906,125907],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[30,125910,1651],{"id":1650},[600,125912,125914],{"id":125913},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,125916,125917,125918,497,125921,504],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,125919,125920],{},"'hello'",[15,125922,64164],{},[600,125924,125926],{"id":125925},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,125928,125929],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[600,125931,125933],{"id":125932},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,125935,103,125936,497,125938,504],{},[15,125937,6101],{},[15,125939,3594],{},[600,125941,125943],{"id":125942},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,125945,103,125946,125948,125949,125951,125952,504],{},[15,125947,47308],{},", like ",[15,125950,80010],{},", which returns ",[15,125953,41942],{},[600,125955,125957],{"id":125956},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,125959,125960],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[30,125962,1719],{"id":1718},[126,125964,125965,125969,125975,125980,125989,125993],{},[129,125966,125967],{},[491,125968,124740],{"href":50601},[129,125970,125971],{},[491,125972,13,125973,1738],{"href":41990},[15,125974,47308],{},[129,125976,125977],{},[491,125978,125979],{"href":122910},"How to convert int to string in Python",[129,125981,125982],{},[491,125983,125985,125986,10564],{"href":125984},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,125987,125988],{},"format()",[129,125990,125991],{},[491,125992,125426],{"href":125425},[129,125994,125995],{},[491,125996,90036],{"href":90035},[1758,125998,125999],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":126001},[126002,126003,126004,126005,126006,126007,126008,126009,126010,126019,126026],{"id":14989,"depth":79,"text":14990},{"id":124579,"depth":79,"text":124580},{"id":124743,"depth":79,"text":124744},{"id":124818,"depth":79,"text":124819},{"id":124918,"depth":79,"text":124919},{"id":125023,"depth":79,"text":125024},{"id":125201,"depth":79,"text":125202},{"id":125318,"depth":79,"text":125319},{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486,"children":126011},[126012,126013,126014,126015,126017,126018],{"id":89843,"depth":419,"text":89844},{"id":125491,"depth":419,"text":125492},{"id":125574,"depth":419,"text":125575},{"id":125638,"depth":419,"text":126016},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125744,"depth":419,"text":125745},{"id":60338,"depth":419,"text":60339},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":126020},[126021,126022,126023,126024,126025],{"id":125913,"depth":419,"text":125914},{"id":125925,"depth":419,"text":125926},{"id":125932,"depth":419,"text":125933},{"id":125942,"depth":419,"text":125943},{"id":125956,"depth":419,"text":125957},{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124441,"description":126027},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126034,"title":126035,"body":126036,"description":127950,"extension":1796,"meta":127951,"navigation":807,"path":127952,"seo":127953,"stem":127954,"__hash__":127955},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126037,"toc":127911},[126038,126044,126049,126057,126059,126126,126128,126140,126149,126154,126158,126175,126177,126242,126244,126256,126261,126263,126291,126312,126315,126354,126356,126364,126368,126372,126376,126384,126387,126428,126430,126438,126441,126498,126500,126508,126512,126517,126561,126563,126571,126580,126584,126589,126637,126639,126647,126653,126655,126659,126671,126676,126755,126757,126777,126781,126785,126825,126827,126835,126839,126882,126884,126892,126896,126936,126938,126946,126950,127006,127008,127016,127022,127024,127028,127038,127105,127107,127120,127127,127170,127172,127180,127184,127187,127243,127245,127253,127256,127258,127335,127337,127345,127354,127356,127360,127364,127366,127388,127391,127438,127442,127481,127483,127491,127493,127535,127542,127547,127609,127611,127623,127629,127634,127683,127685,127704,127710,127712,127731,127733,127824,127826,127832,127839,127845,127851,127856,127865,127872,127880,127882,127908],[10,126039,122985,126041,11147],{"id":126040},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126042,126043],{},"endswith()",[20,126045,122990,126046,126048],{},[15,126047,126043],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126050,126051,126052,497,126054,126056],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126053,3420],{},[15,126055,3494],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[30,126058,33],{"id":32},[35,126060,126062],{"className":37,"code":126061,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126063,126064,126078,126103],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126065,126066,126069,126071,126073,126076],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126067,126068],{"class":50},"filename ",[44,126070,55],{"class":54},[44,126072,1438],{"class":66},[44,126074,126075],{"class":70},"report.csv",[44,126077,3176],{"class":66},[44,126079,126080,126082,126084,126087,126089,126092,126094,126096,126099,126101],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,126081,82],{"class":58},[44,126083,63],{"class":62},[44,126085,126086],{"class":97},"filename",[44,126088,504],{"class":62},[44,126090,126091],{"class":97},"endswith",[44,126093,63],{"class":62},[44,126095,67],{"class":66},[44,126097,126098],{"class":70},".csv",[44,126100,67],{"class":66},[44,126102,434],{"class":62},[44,126104,126105,126107,126109,126111,126113,126115,126117,126119,126122,126124],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,126106,82],{"class":58},[44,126108,63],{"class":62},[44,126110,126086],{"class":97},[44,126112,504],{"class":62},[44,126114,126091],{"class":97},[44,126116,63],{"class":62},[44,126118,67],{"class":66},[44,126120,126121],{"class":70},".txt",[44,126123,67],{"class":66},[44,126125,434],{"class":62},[20,126127,1031],{},[35,126129,126130],{"className":37,"code":43988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126131,126132,126136],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126133,126134],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126135,3803],{"class":3674},[44,126137,126138],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,126139,3864],{"class":3674},[20,126141,103,126142,5198,126144,497,126146,126148],{},[15,126143,126043],{},[15,126145,3420],{},[15,126147,3494],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[30,126150,113,126152,116],{"id":126151},"what-endswith-does",[15,126153,126043],{},[20,126155,126156,449],{},[15,126157,126043],{},[126,126159,126160,126163,126169,126172],{},[129,126161,126162],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[129,126164,11249,126165,497,126167],{},[15,126166,3420],{},[15,126168,3494],{},[129,126170,126171],{},"Does not change the original string",[129,126173,126174],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126176,145],{},[35,126178,126180],{"className":37,"code":126179,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126181,126182,126194,126198,126220],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126183,126184,126186,126188,126190,126192],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126185,34514],{"class":50},[44,126187,55],{"class":54},[44,126189,1438],{"class":66},[44,126191,60035],{"class":70},[44,126193,3176],{"class":66},[44,126195,126196],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,126197,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,126199,126200,126202,126204,126206,126208,126210,126212,126214,126216,126218],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,126201,82],{"class":58},[44,126203,63],{"class":62},[44,126205,34535],{"class":97},[44,126207,504],{"class":62},[44,126209,126091],{"class":97},[44,126211,63],{"class":62},[44,126213,67],{"class":66},[44,126215,60220],{"class":70},[44,126217,67],{"class":66},[44,126219,434],{"class":62},[44,126221,126222,126224,126226,126228,126230,126232,126234,126236,126238,126240],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,126223,82],{"class":58},[44,126225,63],{"class":62},[44,126227,34535],{"class":97},[44,126229,504],{"class":62},[44,126231,126091],{"class":97},[44,126233,63],{"class":62},[44,126235,67],{"class":66},[44,126237,3667],{"class":70},[44,126239,67],{"class":66},[44,126241,434],{"class":62},[20,126243,1031],{},[35,126245,126246],{"className":37,"code":43988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126247,126248,126252],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126249,126250],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126251,3803],{"class":3674},[44,126253,126254],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,126255,3864],{"class":3674},[20,126257,126258,126259,504],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[491,126260,124740],{"href":50601},[30,126262,250],{"id":249},[35,126264,126266],{"className":37,"code":126265,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126267,126268],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126269,126270,126272,126274,126276,126278,126281,126283,126285,126287,126289],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126271,60803],{"class":50},[44,126273,504],{"class":62},[44,126275,126091],{"class":97},[44,126277,63],{"class":62},[44,126279,126280],{"class":97},"suffix",[44,126282,186],{"class":62},[44,126284,35876],{"class":97},[44,126286,186],{"class":62},[44,126288,64670],{"class":97},[44,126290,76],{"class":62},[126,126292,126293,126298,126305],{},[129,126294,126295,126297],{},[15,126296,126280],{}," is required",[129,126299,126300,1126,126302,126304],{},[15,126301,35897],{},[15,126303,52287],{}," are optional",[129,126306,126307,1126,126309,126311],{},[15,126308,35897],{},[15,126310,52287],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126313,126314],{},"Basic example:",[35,126316,126318],{"className":37,"code":126317,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126319,126320,126332],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126321,126322,126324,126326,126328,126330],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126323,126068],{"class":50},[44,126325,55],{"class":54},[44,126327,1438],{"class":66},[44,126329,86525],{"class":70},[44,126331,3176],{"class":66},[44,126333,126334,126336,126338,126340,126342,126344,126346,126348,126350,126352],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,126335,82],{"class":58},[44,126337,63],{"class":62},[44,126339,126086],{"class":97},[44,126341,504],{"class":62},[44,126343,126091],{"class":97},[44,126345,63],{"class":62},[44,126347,67],{"class":66},[44,126349,126121],{"class":70},[44,126351,67],{"class":66},[44,126353,434],{"class":62},[20,126355,1031],{},[35,126357,126358],{"className":37,"code":3803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126359,126360],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126361,126362],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126363,3803],{"class":3674},[30,126365,126367],{"id":126366},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[600,126369,126370],{"id":126280},[15,126371,126280],{},[20,126373,126374,30577],{},[15,126375,126280],{},[126,126377,126378,126381],{},[129,126379,126380],{},"A single string",[129,126382,126383],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126385,126386],{},"Single suffix:",[35,126388,126390],{"className":37,"code":126389,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126391,126392,126405],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126393,126394,126396,126398,126400,126403],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126395,51],{"class":50},[44,126397,55],{"class":54},[44,126399,1438],{"class":66},[44,126401,126402],{"class":70},"image.png",[44,126404,3176],{"class":66},[44,126406,126407,126409,126411,126413,126415,126417,126419,126421,126424,126426],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,126408,82],{"class":58},[44,126410,63],{"class":62},[44,126412,652],{"class":97},[44,126414,504],{"class":62},[44,126416,126091],{"class":97},[44,126418,63],{"class":62},[44,126420,67],{"class":66},[44,126422,126423],{"class":70},".png",[44,126425,67],{"class":66},[44,126427,434],{"class":62},[20,126429,1031],{},[35,126431,126432],{"className":37,"code":3803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126433,126434],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126435,126436],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126437,3803],{"class":3674},[20,126439,126440],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[35,126442,126444],{"className":37,"code":126443,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126445,126446,126458],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126447,126448,126450,126452,126454,126456],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126449,51],{"class":50},[44,126451,55],{"class":54},[44,126453,1438],{"class":66},[44,126455,126402],{"class":70},[44,126457,3176],{"class":66},[44,126459,126460,126462,126464,126466,126468,126470,126472,126474,126477,126479,126481,126483,126485,126487,126489,126491,126494,126496],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,126461,82],{"class":58},[44,126463,63],{"class":62},[44,126465,652],{"class":97},[44,126467,504],{"class":62},[44,126469,126091],{"class":97},[44,126471,5339],{"class":62},[44,126473,67],{"class":66},[44,126475,126476],{"class":70},".jpg",[44,126478,67],{"class":66},[44,126480,186],{"class":62},[44,126482,1438],{"class":66},[44,126484,126423],{"class":70},[44,126486,67],{"class":66},[44,126488,186],{"class":62},[44,126490,1438],{"class":66},[44,126492,126493],{"class":70},".gif",[44,126495,67],{"class":66},[44,126497,2731],{"class":62},[20,126499,1031],{},[35,126501,126502],{"className":37,"code":3803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126503,126504],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126505,126506],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126507,3803],{"class":3674},[600,126509,126510],{"id":35897},[15,126511,35897],{},[20,126513,126514,126516],{},[15,126515,35897],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[35,126518,126520],{"className":37,"code":126519,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126521,126522,126535],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126523,126524,126526,126528,126530,126533],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126525,34514],{"class":50},[44,126527,55],{"class":54},[44,126529,1438],{"class":66},[44,126531,126532],{"class":70},"my_report.csv",[44,126534,3176],{"class":66},[44,126536,126537,126539,126541,126543,126545,126547,126549,126551,126553,126555,126557,126559],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,126538,82],{"class":58},[44,126540,63],{"class":62},[44,126542,34535],{"class":97},[44,126544,504],{"class":62},[44,126546,126091],{"class":97},[44,126548,63],{"class":62},[44,126550,67],{"class":66},[44,126552,126098],{"class":70},[44,126554,67],{"class":66},[44,126556,186],{"class":62},[44,126558,2282],{"class":452},[44,126560,434],{"class":62},[20,126562,1031],{},[35,126564,126565],{"className":37,"code":3803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126566,126567],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126568,126569],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126570,3803],{"class":3674},[20,126572,126573,126574,126576,126577,504],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126575,1894],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126578,126579],{},"\"report.csv\"",[600,126581,126582],{"id":52287},[15,126583,52287],{},[20,126585,126586,126588],{},[15,126587,52287],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[35,126590,126592],{"className":37,"code":126591,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126593,126594,126607],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126595,126596,126598,126600,126602,126605],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126597,34514],{"class":50},[44,126599,55],{"class":54},[44,126601,1438],{"class":66},[44,126603,126604],{"class":70},"report.csv backup",[44,126606,3176],{"class":66},[44,126608,126609,126611,126613,126615,126617,126619,126621,126623,126625,126627,126629,126631,126633,126635],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,126610,82],{"class":58},[44,126612,63],{"class":62},[44,126614,34535],{"class":97},[44,126616,504],{"class":62},[44,126618,126091],{"class":97},[44,126620,63],{"class":62},[44,126622,67],{"class":66},[44,126624,126098],{"class":70},[44,126626,67],{"class":66},[44,126628,186],{"class":62},[44,126630,3655],{"class":452},[44,126632,186],{"class":62},[44,126634,5834],{"class":452},[44,126636,434],{"class":62},[20,126638,1031],{},[35,126640,126641],{"className":37,"code":3803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126642,126643],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126644,126645],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126646,3803],{"class":3674},[20,126648,126649,126650,126652],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126651,126579],{}," and ignores the rest.",[30,126654,17248],{"id":17247},[20,126656,126657,25338],{},[15,126658,126043],{},[126,126660,126661,126666],{},[129,126662,126663,126665],{},[15,126664,3420],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[129,126667,126668,126670],{},[15,126669,3494],{}," if it does not",[20,126672,126673,126674,7003],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126675,6828],{},[35,126677,126679],{"className":37,"code":126678,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126680,126681,126694,126698,126719,126734,126740],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126682,126683,126685,126687,126689,126692],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126684,126068],{"class":50},[44,126686,55],{"class":54},[44,126688,1438],{"class":66},[44,126690,126691],{"class":70},"data.csv",[44,126693,3176],{"class":66},[44,126695,126696],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,126697,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,126699,126700,126702,126705,126707,126709,126711,126713,126715,126717],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,126701,6828],{"class":1384},[44,126703,126704],{"class":50}," filename",[44,126706,504],{"class":62},[44,126708,126091],{"class":97},[44,126710,63],{"class":62},[44,126712,67],{"class":66},[44,126714,126098],{"class":70},[44,126716,67],{"class":66},[44,126718,8167],{"class":62},[44,126720,126721,126723,126725,126727,126730,126732],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,126722,1416],{"class":58},[44,126724,63],{"class":62},[44,126726,67],{"class":66},[44,126728,126729],{"class":70},"This is a CSV file.",[44,126731,67],{"class":66},[44,126733,76],{"class":62},[44,126735,126736,126738],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,126737,27264],{"class":1384},[44,126739,1388],{"class":62},[44,126741,126742,126744,126746,126748,126751,126753],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,126743,1416],{"class":58},[44,126745,63],{"class":62},[44,126747,67],{"class":66},[44,126749,126750],{"class":70},"This is not a CSV file.",[44,126752,67],{"class":66},[44,126754,76],{"class":62},[20,126756,1031],{},[35,126758,126760],{"className":37,"code":126759,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,126761,126762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126763,126764,126766,126768,126770,126773,126775],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126765,49504],{"class":50},[44,126767,206],{"class":54},[44,126769,44359],{"class":50},[44,126771,126772],{"class":34279},"CSV",[44,126774,86266],{"class":86265},[44,126776,122017],{"class":62},[30,126778,126780],{"id":126779},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[600,126782,126784],{"id":126783},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[35,126786,126788],{"className":37,"code":126787,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126789,126790,126803],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126791,126792,126794,126796,126798,126801],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126793,126068],{"class":50},[44,126795,55],{"class":54},[44,126797,1438],{"class":66},[44,126799,126800],{"class":70},"sales.csv",[44,126802,3176],{"class":66},[44,126804,126805,126807,126809,126811,126813,126815,126817,126819,126821,126823],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,126806,82],{"class":58},[44,126808,63],{"class":62},[44,126810,126086],{"class":97},[44,126812,504],{"class":62},[44,126814,126091],{"class":97},[44,126816,63],{"class":62},[44,126818,67],{"class":66},[44,126820,126098],{"class":70},[44,126822,67],{"class":66},[44,126824,434],{"class":62},[20,126826,1031],{},[35,126828,126829],{"className":37,"code":3803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126830,126831],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126832,126833],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126834,3803],{"class":3674},[600,126836,126838],{"id":126837},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[35,126840,126842],{"className":37,"code":126841,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,126843,126844,126858],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126845,126846,126849,126851,126853,126856],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126847,126848],{"class":50},"url ",[44,126850,55],{"class":54},[44,126852,1438],{"class":66},[44,126854,126855],{"class":70},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[44,126857,3176],{"class":66},[44,126859,126860,126862,126864,126867,126869,126871,126873,126875,126878,126880],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,126861,82],{"class":58},[44,126863,63],{"class":62},[44,126865,126866],{"class":97},"url",[44,126868,504],{"class":62},[44,126870,126091],{"class":97},[44,126872,63],{"class":62},[44,126874,67],{"class":66},[44,126876,126877],{"class":70},"\u002F",[44,126879,67],{"class":66},[44,126881,434],{"class":62},[20,126883,1031],{},[35,126885,126886],{"className":37,"code":3803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126887,126888],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126889,126890],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126891,3803],{"class":3674},[600,126893,126895],{"id":126894},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[35,126897,126899],{"className":37,"code":126898,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,126900,126901,126914],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126902,126903,126905,126907,126909,126912],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126904,89637],{"class":50},[44,126906,55],{"class":54},[44,126908,1438],{"class":66},[44,126910,126911],{"class":70},"Hello!",[44,126913,3176],{"class":66},[44,126915,126916,126918,126920,126922,126924,126926,126928,126930,126932,126934],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,126917,82],{"class":58},[44,126919,63],{"class":62},[44,126921,89654],{"class":97},[44,126923,504],{"class":62},[44,126925,126091],{"class":97},[44,126927,63],{"class":62},[44,126929,67],{"class":66},[44,126931,89478],{"class":70},[44,126933,67],{"class":66},[44,126935,434],{"class":62},[20,126937,1031],{},[35,126939,126940],{"className":37,"code":3803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126941,126942],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126943,126944],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126945,3803],{"class":3674},[600,126947,126949],{"id":126948},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[35,126951,126953],{"className":37,"code":126952,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126954,126955,126968],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126956,126957,126959,126961,126963,126966],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126958,126068],{"class":50},[44,126960,55],{"class":54},[44,126962,1438],{"class":66},[44,126964,126965],{"class":70},"photo.jpg",[44,126967,3176],{"class":66},[44,126969,126970,126972,126974,126976,126978,126980,126982,126984,126986,126988,126990,126992,126994,126996,126998,127000,127002,127004],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,126971,82],{"class":58},[44,126973,63],{"class":62},[44,126975,126086],{"class":97},[44,126977,504],{"class":62},[44,126979,126091],{"class":97},[44,126981,5339],{"class":62},[44,126983,67],{"class":66},[44,126985,126476],{"class":70},[44,126987,67],{"class":66},[44,126989,186],{"class":62},[44,126991,1438],{"class":66},[44,126993,126423],{"class":70},[44,126995,67],{"class":66},[44,126997,186],{"class":62},[44,126999,1438],{"class":66},[44,127001,126493],{"class":70},[44,127003,67],{"class":66},[44,127005,2731],{"class":62},[20,127007,1031],{},[35,127009,127010],{"className":37,"code":3803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127011,127012],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127013,127014],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127015,3803],{"class":3674},[20,127017,127018,127019,504],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[491,127020,127021],{"href":123240},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[30,127023,123632],{"id":123631},[20,127025,127026,123443],{},[15,127027,126043],{},[20,127029,127030,127031,1126,127034,127037],{},"That means ",[15,127032,127033],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127035,127036],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[35,127039,127041],{"className":37,"code":127040,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127042,127043,127056,127060,127082],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127044,127045,127047,127049,127051,127054],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127046,126068],{"class":50},[44,127048,55],{"class":54},[44,127050,1438],{"class":66},[44,127052,127053],{"class":70},"REPORT.CSV",[44,127055,3176],{"class":66},[44,127057,127058],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,127059,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,127061,127062,127064,127066,127068,127070,127072,127074,127076,127078,127080],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,127063,82],{"class":58},[44,127065,63],{"class":62},[44,127067,126086],{"class":97},[44,127069,504],{"class":62},[44,127071,126091],{"class":97},[44,127073,63],{"class":62},[44,127075,67],{"class":66},[44,127077,126098],{"class":70},[44,127079,67],{"class":66},[44,127081,434],{"class":62},[44,127083,127084,127086,127088,127090,127092,127094,127096,127098,127101,127103],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,127085,82],{"class":58},[44,127087,63],{"class":62},[44,127089,126086],{"class":97},[44,127091,504],{"class":62},[44,127093,126091],{"class":97},[44,127095,63],{"class":62},[44,127097,67],{"class":66},[44,127099,127100],{"class":70},".CSV",[44,127102,67],{"class":66},[44,127104,434],{"class":62},[20,127106,1031],{},[35,127108,127110],{"className":37,"code":127109,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127111,127112,127116],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127113,127114],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127115,3864],{"class":3674},[44,127117,127118],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,127119,3803],{"class":3674},[20,127121,127122,127123,504],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[491,127124,127125],{"href":123712},[15,127126,123715],{},[35,127128,127130],{"className":37,"code":127129,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127131,127132,127144],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127133,127134,127136,127138,127140,127142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127135,126068],{"class":50},[44,127137,55],{"class":54},[44,127139,1438],{"class":66},[44,127141,127053],{"class":70},[44,127143,3176],{"class":66},[44,127145,127146,127148,127150,127152,127154,127156,127158,127160,127162,127164,127166,127168],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,127147,82],{"class":58},[44,127149,63],{"class":62},[44,127151,126086],{"class":97},[44,127153,504],{"class":62},[44,127155,8465],{"class":97},[44,127157,8462],{"class":62},[44,127159,126091],{"class":97},[44,127161,63],{"class":62},[44,127163,67],{"class":66},[44,127165,126098],{"class":70},[44,127167,67],{"class":66},[44,127169,434],{"class":62},[20,127171,1031],{},[35,127173,127174],{"className":37,"code":3803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127175,127176],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127177,127178],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127179,3803],{"class":3674},[30,127181,127183],{"id":127182},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127185,127186],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[35,127188,127190],{"className":37,"code":127189,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127191,127192,127205],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127193,127194,127196,127198,127200,127203],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127195,126068],{"class":50},[44,127197,55],{"class":54},[44,127199,1438],{"class":66},[44,127201,127202],{"class":70},"picture.gif",[44,127204,3176],{"class":66},[44,127206,127207,127209,127211,127213,127215,127217,127219,127221,127223,127225,127227,127229,127231,127233,127235,127237,127239,127241],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,127208,82],{"class":58},[44,127210,63],{"class":62},[44,127212,126086],{"class":97},[44,127214,504],{"class":62},[44,127216,126091],{"class":97},[44,127218,5339],{"class":62},[44,127220,67],{"class":66},[44,127222,126476],{"class":70},[44,127224,67],{"class":66},[44,127226,186],{"class":62},[44,127228,1438],{"class":66},[44,127230,126423],{"class":70},[44,127232,67],{"class":66},[44,127234,186],{"class":62},[44,127236,1438],{"class":66},[44,127238,126493],{"class":70},[44,127240,67],{"class":66},[44,127242,2731],{"class":62},[20,127244,1031],{},[35,127246,127247],{"className":37,"code":3803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127248,127249],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127250,127251],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127252,3803],{"class":3674},[20,127254,127255],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127257,51706],{},[35,127259,127261],{"className":37,"code":127260,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127262,127263,127276,127311,127315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127264,127265,127268,127270,127272,127274],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127266,127267],{"class":50},"document ",[44,127269,55],{"class":54},[44,127271,1438],{"class":66},[44,127273,86525],{"class":70},[44,127275,3176],{"class":66},[44,127277,127278,127281,127283,127285,127287,127289,127291,127293,127295,127298,127300,127302,127304,127307,127309],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,127279,127280],{"class":50},"allowed ",[44,127282,55],{"class":54},[44,127284,9058],{"class":62},[44,127286,67],{"class":66},[44,127288,126121],{"class":70},[44,127290,67],{"class":66},[44,127292,186],{"class":62},[44,127294,1438],{"class":66},[44,127296,127297],{"class":70},".md",[44,127299,67],{"class":66},[44,127301,186],{"class":62},[44,127303,1438],{"class":66},[44,127305,127306],{"class":70},".docx",[44,127308,67],{"class":66},[44,127310,76],{"class":62},[44,127312,127313],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,127314,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,127316,127317,127319,127321,127324,127326,127328,127330,127333],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,127318,82],{"class":58},[44,127320,63],{"class":62},[44,127322,127323],{"class":97},"document",[44,127325,504],{"class":62},[44,127327,126091],{"class":97},[44,127329,63],{"class":62},[44,127331,127332],{"class":97},"allowed",[44,127334,434],{"class":62},[20,127336,1031],{},[35,127338,127339],{"className":37,"code":3803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127340,127341],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127342,127343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127344,3803],{"class":3674},[20,127346,127347,127348,504],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[491,127349,125985,127351,10564],{"href":127350},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127352,127353],{},"startswith()",[30,127355,1486],{"id":1485},[20,127357,8273,127358,504],{},[15,127359,126043],{},[600,127361,127363],{"id":127362},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127365,4351],{},[35,127367,127369],{"className":37,"code":127368,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127370,127371,127383],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127372,127373,127375,127377,127379,127381],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127374,126068],{"class":50},[44,127376,55],{"class":54},[44,127378,1438],{"class":66},[44,127380,126965],{"class":70},[44,127382,3176],{"class":66},[44,127384,127385],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,127386,127387],{"class":3483},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127389,127390],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[35,127392,127394],{"className":37,"code":127393,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127395,127396,127408],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127397,127398,127400,127402,127404,127406],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127399,126068],{"class":50},[44,127401,55],{"class":54},[44,127403,1438],{"class":66},[44,127405,126965],{"class":70},[44,127407,3176],{"class":66},[44,127409,127410,127412,127414,127416,127418,127420,127422,127424,127426,127428,127430,127432,127434,127436],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,127411,82],{"class":58},[44,127413,63],{"class":62},[44,127415,126086],{"class":97},[44,127417,504],{"class":62},[44,127419,126091],{"class":97},[44,127421,5339],{"class":62},[44,127423,67],{"class":66},[44,127425,126476],{"class":70},[44,127427,67],{"class":66},[44,127429,186],{"class":62},[44,127431,1438],{"class":66},[44,127433,126423],{"class":70},[44,127435,67],{"class":66},[44,127437,2731],{"class":62},[600,127439,127441],{"id":127440},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[35,127443,127445],{"className":37,"code":127444,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127446,127447,127459],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127448,127449,127451,127453,127455,127457],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127450,126068],{"class":50},[44,127452,55],{"class":54},[44,127454,1438],{"class":66},[44,127456,127053],{"class":70},[44,127458,3176],{"class":66},[44,127460,127461,127463,127465,127467,127469,127471,127473,127475,127477,127479],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,127462,82],{"class":58},[44,127464,63],{"class":62},[44,127466,126086],{"class":97},[44,127468,504],{"class":62},[44,127470,126091],{"class":97},[44,127472,63],{"class":62},[44,127474,67],{"class":66},[44,127476,126098],{"class":70},[44,127478,67],{"class":66},[44,127480,434],{"class":62},[20,127482,1031],{},[35,127484,127485],{"className":37,"code":3864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127486,127487],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127488,127489],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127490,3864],{"class":3674},[20,127492,39087],{},[35,127494,127495],{"className":37,"code":127129,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127496,127497,127509],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127498,127499,127501,127503,127505,127507],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127500,126068],{"class":50},[44,127502,55],{"class":54},[44,127504,1438],{"class":66},[44,127506,127053],{"class":70},[44,127508,3176],{"class":66},[44,127510,127511,127513,127515,127517,127519,127521,127523,127525,127527,127529,127531,127533],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,127512,82],{"class":58},[44,127514,63],{"class":62},[44,127516,126086],{"class":97},[44,127518,504],{"class":62},[44,127520,8465],{"class":97},[44,127522,8462],{"class":62},[44,127524,126091],{"class":97},[44,127526,63],{"class":62},[44,127528,67],{"class":66},[44,127530,126098],{"class":70},[44,127532,67],{"class":66},[44,127534,434],{"class":62},[600,127536,37030,127538,8529,127540],{"id":127537},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127539,126043],{},[15,127541,3705],{},[20,127543,127544,127546],{},[15,127545,126043],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[35,127548,127550],{"className":37,"code":127549,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127551,127552,127565,127569,127591],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127553,127554,127556,127558,127560,127563],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127555,34514],{"class":50},[44,127557,55],{"class":54},[44,127559,1438],{"class":66},[44,127561,127562],{"class":70},"my_report.csv.backup",[44,127564,3176],{"class":66},[44,127566,127567],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,127568,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,127570,127571,127573,127575,127577,127579,127581,127583,127585,127587,127589],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,127572,82],{"class":58},[44,127574,63],{"class":62},[44,127576,34535],{"class":97},[44,127578,504],{"class":62},[44,127580,126091],{"class":97},[44,127582,63],{"class":62},[44,127584,67],{"class":66},[44,127586,126098],{"class":70},[44,127588,67],{"class":66},[44,127590,434],{"class":62},[44,127592,127593,127595,127597,127599,127601,127603,127605,127607],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,127594,82],{"class":58},[44,127596,63],{"class":62},[44,127598,67],{"class":66},[44,127600,126098],{"class":70},[44,127602,67],{"class":66},[44,127604,21002],{"class":1384},[44,127606,42655],{"class":97},[44,127608,76],{"class":62},[20,127610,1031],{},[35,127612,127613],{"className":37,"code":127109,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127614,127615,127619],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127616,127617],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127618,3864],{"class":3674},[44,127620,127621],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,127622,3803],{"class":3674},[600,127624,8279,127626,127628],{"id":127625},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127627,126043],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127630,127631,127633],{},[15,127632,126043],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[35,127635,127637],{"className":37,"code":127636,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127638,127639,127651,127673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127640,127641,127643,127645,127647,127649],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127642,126068],{"class":50},[44,127644,55],{"class":54},[44,127646,1438],{"class":66},[44,127648,126075],{"class":70},[44,127650,3176],{"class":66},[44,127652,127653,127655,127657,127659,127661,127663,127665,127667,127669,127671],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,127654,82],{"class":58},[44,127656,63],{"class":62},[44,127658,126086],{"class":97},[44,127660,504],{"class":62},[44,127662,126091],{"class":97},[44,127664,63],{"class":62},[44,127666,67],{"class":66},[44,127668,126098],{"class":70},[44,127670,67],{"class":66},[44,127672,434],{"class":62},[44,127674,127675,127677,127679,127681],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,127676,82],{"class":58},[44,127678,63],{"class":62},[44,127680,126086],{"class":97},[44,127682,76],{"class":62},[20,127684,1031],{},[35,127686,127688],{"className":37,"code":127687,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127689,127690,127694],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127691,127692],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127693,3803],{"class":3674},[44,127695,127696,127699,127701],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,127697,127698],{"class":50},"report",[44,127700,504],{"class":62},[44,127702,127703],{"class":24579},"csv\n",[20,127705,127706,127707,504],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[491,127708,127709],{"href":124153},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,127711,65693],{},[126,127713,127714,127717,127720,127723],{},[129,127715,127716],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[129,127718,127719],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[129,127721,127722],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[129,127724,8243,127725,44444,127727,497,127729,111182],{},[15,127726,126043],{},[15,127728,124156],{},[15,127730,41475],{},[20,127732,29962],{},[35,127734,127736],{"className":37,"code":127735,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,127737,127738,127748,127762,127784,127810],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127739,127740,127742,127744,127746],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127741,82],{"class":58},[44,127743,63],{"class":62},[44,127745,34535],{"class":97},[44,127747,76],{"class":62},[44,127749,127750,127752,127754,127756,127758,127760],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,127751,82],{"class":58},[44,127753,63],{"class":62},[44,127755,1231],{"class":58},[44,127757,63],{"class":62},[44,127759,34535],{"class":97},[44,127761,434],{"class":62},[44,127763,127764,127766,127768,127770,127772,127774,127776,127778,127780,127782],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,127765,82],{"class":58},[44,127767,63],{"class":62},[44,127769,34535],{"class":97},[44,127771,504],{"class":62},[44,127773,126091],{"class":97},[44,127775,63],{"class":62},[44,127777,476],{"class":66},[44,127779,126098],{"class":70},[44,127781,476],{"class":66},[44,127783,434],{"class":62},[44,127785,127786,127788,127790,127792,127794,127796,127798,127800,127802,127804,127806,127808],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,127787,82],{"class":58},[44,127789,63],{"class":62},[44,127791,34535],{"class":97},[44,127793,504],{"class":62},[44,127795,8465],{"class":97},[44,127797,8462],{"class":62},[44,127799,126091],{"class":97},[44,127801,63],{"class":62},[44,127803,476],{"class":66},[44,127805,126098],{"class":70},[44,127807,476],{"class":66},[44,127809,434],{"class":62},[44,127811,127812,127814,127816,127818,127820,127822],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,127813,82],{"class":58},[44,127815,63],{"class":62},[44,127817,427],{"class":426},[44,127819,63],{"class":62},[44,127821,34535],{"class":97},[44,127823,434],{"class":62},[30,127825,1651],{"id":1650},[600,127827,1655,127829,127831],{"id":127828},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,127830,126043],{}," change the string?",[20,127833,127834,127835,497,127837,504],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,127836,3420],{},[15,127838,3494],{},[600,127840,4997,127842,127844],{"id":127841},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,127843,126043],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,127846,127847,127848,504],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,127849,127850],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[600,127852,14730,127854,124321],{"id":127853},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,127855,126043],{},[20,127857,127858,127859,497,127861,127864],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,127860,123715],{},[15,127862,127863],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[600,127866,5007,127868,1126,127870,213],{"id":127867},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,127869,126043],{},[15,127871,123980],{},[20,127873,127874,127876,127877,127879],{},[15,127875,126043],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,127878,123980],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[30,127881,1719],{"id":1718},[126,127883,127884,127890,127896,127900,127904],{},[129,127885,127886],{},[491,127887,125985,127888,10564],{"href":127350},[15,127889,127353],{},[129,127891,127892],{},[491,127893,125985,127894,10564],{"href":123712},[15,127895,123715],{},[129,127897,127898],{},[491,127899,124384],{"href":123240},[129,127901,127902],{},[491,127903,124391],{"href":124153},[129,127905,127906],{},[491,127907,124740],{"href":50601},[1758,127909,127910],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":127912},[127913,127914,127916,127917,127922,127923,127929,127930,127931,127939,127949],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":126151,"depth":79,"text":127915},"What endswith() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":126366,"depth":79,"text":126367,"children":127918},[127919,127920,127921],{"id":126280,"depth":419,"text":126280},{"id":35897,"depth":419,"text":35897},{"id":52287,"depth":419,"text":52287},{"id":17247,"depth":79,"text":17248},{"id":126779,"depth":79,"text":126780,"children":127924},[127925,127926,127927,127928],{"id":126783,"depth":419,"text":126784},{"id":126837,"depth":419,"text":126838},{"id":126894,"depth":419,"text":126895},{"id":126948,"depth":419,"text":126949},{"id":123631,"depth":79,"text":123632},{"id":127182,"depth":79,"text":127183},{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486,"children":127932},[127933,127934,127935,127937],{"id":127362,"depth":419,"text":127363},{"id":127440,"depth":419,"text":127441},{"id":127537,"depth":419,"text":127936},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127625,"depth":419,"text":127938},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":127940},[127941,127943,127945,127947],{"id":127828,"depth":419,"text":127942},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127841,"depth":419,"text":127944},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127853,"depth":419,"text":127946},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":127867,"depth":419,"text":127948},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126035,"description":127950},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":127957,"title":127958,"body":127959,"description":129627,"extension":1796,"meta":129628,"navigation":807,"path":129629,"seo":129630,"stem":129631,"__hash__":129632},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":127960,"toc":129600},[127961,127966,127971,127976,127981,128074,128084,128089,128094,128109,128111,128193,128201,128203,128205,128232,128234,128250,128257,128259,128367,128369,128374,128390,128392,128487,128495,128498,128504,128509,128514,128521,128660,128663,128676,128678,128682,128689,128759,128762,128811,128818,128825,128839,128844,128849,128895,128941,128957,128959,128964,128978,128981,129103,129108,129110,129115,129148,129151,129227,129229,129238,129252,129255,129339,129342,129453,129456,129484,129486,129493,129497,129503,129506,129512,129515,129522,129533,129539,129546,129548,129597],[10,127962,122985,127964,11147],{"id":127963},"python-string-find-method",[15,127965,123980],{},[20,127967,122990,127968,127970],{},[15,127969,123980],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,127972,127973,127974,504],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,127975,65484],{},[20,127977,103,127978,127980],{},[15,127979,123980],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[35,127982,127984],{"className":37,"code":127983,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,127985,127986,127998,128021,128034,128038,128061],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127987,127988,127990,127992,127994,127996],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127989,34514],{"class":50},[44,127991,55],{"class":54},[44,127993,1438],{"class":66},[44,127995,60035],{"class":70},[44,127997,3176],{"class":66},[44,127999,128000,128002,128004,128006,128008,128011,128013,128015,128017,128019],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,128001,64549],{"class":50},[44,128003,55],{"class":54},[44,128005,42655],{"class":50},[44,128007,504],{"class":62},[44,128009,128010],{"class":97},"find",[44,128012,63],{"class":62},[44,128014,67],{"class":66},[44,128016,60220],{"class":70},[44,128018,67],{"class":66},[44,128020,76],{"class":62},[44,128022,128023,128025,128027,128029,128031],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,128024,82],{"class":58},[44,128026,63],{"class":62},[44,128028,64576],{"class":97},[44,128030,3480],{"class":62},[44,128032,128033],{"class":3483},"   # 6\n",[44,128035,128036],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,128037,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,128039,128040,128043,128045,128047,128049,128051,128053,128055,128057,128059],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,128041,128042],{"class":50},"missing ",[44,128044,55],{"class":54},[44,128046,42655],{"class":50},[44,128048,504],{"class":62},[44,128050,128010],{"class":97},[44,128052,63],{"class":62},[44,128054,67],{"class":66},[44,128056,39],{"class":70},[44,128058,67],{"class":66},[44,128060,76],{"class":62},[44,128062,128063,128065,128067,128069,128071],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,128064,82],{"class":58},[44,128066,63],{"class":62},[44,128068,26603],{"class":97},[44,128070,3480],{"class":62},[44,128072,128073],{"class":3483},"    # -1\n",[43394,128075,128076],{},[20,128077,103,128078,128080,128081,128083],{},[15,128079,123980],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128082,65484],{}," if the substring is not found.",[30,128085,113,128087,116],{"id":128086},"what-find-does",[15,128088,123980],{},[20,128090,128091,128093],{},[15,128092,123980],{}," is a string method that:",[126,128095,128096,128099,128102,128107],{},[129,128097,128098],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[129,128100,128101],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[129,128103,11249,128104,128106],{},[15,128105,65484],{}," if no match is found",[129,128108,126171],{},[20,128110,145],{},[35,128112,128114],{"className":37,"code":128113,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128115,128116,128128,128132,128156,128180],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128117,128118,128120,128122,128124,128126],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128119,34514],{"class":50},[44,128121,55],{"class":54},[44,128123,1438],{"class":66},[44,128125,3912],{"class":70},[44,128127,3176],{"class":66},[44,128129,128130],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,128131,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,128133,128134,128136,128138,128140,128142,128144,128146,128148,128150,128152,128154],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,128135,82],{"class":58},[44,128137,63],{"class":62},[44,128139,34535],{"class":97},[44,128141,504],{"class":62},[44,128143,128010],{"class":97},[44,128145,63],{"class":62},[44,128147,67],{"class":66},[44,128149,123078],{"class":70},[44,128151,67],{"class":66},[44,128153,5190],{"class":62},[44,128155,57273],{"class":3483},[44,128157,128158,128160,128162,128164,128166,128168,128170,128172,128174,128176,128178],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,128159,82],{"class":58},[44,128161,63],{"class":62},[44,128163,34535],{"class":97},[44,128165,504],{"class":62},[44,128167,128010],{"class":97},[44,128169,63],{"class":62},[44,128171,67],{"class":66},[44,128173,2003],{"class":70},[44,128175,67],{"class":66},[44,128177,5190],{"class":62},[44,128179,128073],{"class":3483},[44,128181,128182,128184,128186,128188,128190],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,128183,82],{"class":58},[44,128185,63],{"class":62},[44,128187,34535],{"class":97},[44,128189,3480],{"class":62},[44,128191,128192],{"class":3483},"              # banana\n",[20,128194,20599,128195,128198,128199,504],{},[15,128196,128197],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128200,1889],{},[30,128202,250],{"id":249},[20,128204,1989],{},[35,128206,128208],{"className":37,"code":128207,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128209,128210],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128211,128212,128214,128216,128218,128220,128222,128224,128226,128228,128230],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128213,60803],{"class":50},[44,128215,504],{"class":62},[44,128217,128010],{"class":97},[44,128219,63],{"class":62},[44,128221,354],{"class":97},[44,128223,186],{"class":62},[44,128225,35876],{"class":97},[44,128227,186],{"class":62},[44,128229,64670],{"class":97},[44,128231,76],{"class":62},[600,128233,17224],{"id":17223},[126,128235,128236,128240,128245],{},[129,128237,128238,123177],{},[15,128239,354],{},[129,128241,128242,128244],{},[15,128243,35897],{},": optional starting position",[129,128246,128247,128249],{},[15,128248,52287],{},": optional ending position",[20,128251,128252,1126,128254,128256],{},[15,128253,35897],{},[15,128255,52287],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128258,126314],{},[35,128260,128262],{"className":37,"code":128261,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128263,128264,128276,128280,128305,128334],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128265,128266,128268,128270,128272,128274],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128267,34514],{"class":50},[44,128269,55],{"class":54},[44,128271,1438],{"class":66},[44,128273,60035],{"class":70},[44,128275,3176],{"class":66},[44,128277,128278],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,128279,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,128281,128282,128284,128286,128288,128290,128292,128294,128296,128298,128300,128302],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,128283,82],{"class":58},[44,128285,63],{"class":62},[44,128287,34535],{"class":97},[44,128289,504],{"class":62},[44,128291,128010],{"class":97},[44,128293,63],{"class":62},[44,128295,67],{"class":66},[44,128297,60102],{"class":70},[44,128299,67],{"class":66},[44,128301,5190],{"class":62},[44,128303,128304],{"class":3483},"        # 4\n",[44,128306,128307,128309,128311,128313,128315,128317,128319,128321,128323,128325,128327,128329,128331],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,128308,82],{"class":58},[44,128310,63],{"class":62},[44,128312,34535],{"class":97},[44,128314,504],{"class":62},[44,128316,128010],{"class":97},[44,128318,63],{"class":62},[44,128320,67],{"class":66},[44,128322,60102],{"class":70},[44,128324,67],{"class":66},[44,128326,186],{"class":62},[44,128328,4431],{"class":452},[44,128330,5190],{"class":62},[44,128332,128333],{"class":3483},"     # 7\n",[44,128335,128336,128338,128340,128342,128344,128346,128348,128350,128352,128354,128356,128358,128360,128362,128364],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,128337,82],{"class":58},[44,128339,63],{"class":62},[44,128341,34535],{"class":97},[44,128343,504],{"class":62},[44,128345,128010],{"class":97},[44,128347,63],{"class":62},[44,128349,67],{"class":66},[44,128351,60102],{"class":70},[44,128353,67],{"class":66},[44,128355,186],{"class":62},[44,128357,4431],{"class":452},[44,128359,186],{"class":62},[44,128361,5823],{"class":452},[44,128363,5190],{"class":62},[44,128365,128366],{"class":3483},"  # -1\n",[30,128368,37846],{"id":37845},[20,128370,57172,128371,128373],{},[15,128372,123980],{}," is always an integer.",[126,128375,128376,128382,128385],{},[129,128377,128378,128379,128381],{},"A number ",[15,128380,1951],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[129,128383,128384],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[129,128386,128387,128389],{},[15,128388,65484],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128391,145],{},[35,128393,128395],{"className":37,"code":128394,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128396,128397,128409,128413,128438,128463],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128398,128399,128401,128403,128405,128407],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128400,34514],{"class":50},[44,128402,55],{"class":54},[44,128404,1438],{"class":66},[44,128406,39],{"class":70},[44,128408,3176],{"class":66},[44,128410,128411],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,128412,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,128414,128415,128417,128419,128421,128423,128425,128427,128429,128432,128434,128436],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,128416,82],{"class":58},[44,128418,63],{"class":62},[44,128420,34535],{"class":97},[44,128422,504],{"class":62},[44,128424,128010],{"class":97},[44,128426,63],{"class":62},[44,128428,67],{"class":66},[44,128430,128431],{"class":70},"py",[44,128433,67],{"class":66},[44,128435,5190],{"class":62},[44,128437,20596],{"class":3483},[44,128439,128440,128442,128444,128446,128448,128450,128452,128454,128457,128459,128461],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,128441,82],{"class":58},[44,128443,63],{"class":62},[44,128445,34535],{"class":97},[44,128447,504],{"class":62},[44,128449,128010],{"class":97},[44,128451,63],{"class":62},[44,128453,67],{"class":66},[44,128455,128456],{"class":70},"th",[44,128458,67],{"class":66},[44,128460,5190],{"class":62},[44,128462,57273],{"class":3483},[44,128464,128465,128467,128469,128471,128473,128475,128477,128479,128481,128483,128485],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,128466,82],{"class":58},[44,128468,63],{"class":62},[44,128470,34535],{"class":97},[44,128472,504],{"class":62},[44,128474,128010],{"class":97},[44,128476,63],{"class":62},[44,128478,67],{"class":66},[44,128480,21905],{"class":70},[44,128482,67],{"class":66},[44,128484,5190],{"class":62},[44,128486,128073],{"class":3483},[20,128488,89540,128489,8282,128491,497,128493,504],{},[15,128490,123980],{},[15,128492,3420],{},[15,128494,3494],{},[20,128496,128497],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[30,128499,8243,128500,1126,128502],{"id":65036},[15,128501,35897],{},[15,128503,52287],{},[20,128505,103,128506,128508],{},[15,128507,35897],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128510,103,128511,128513],{},[15,128512,52287],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128515,22,128516,75092,128518,128520],{},[15,128517,52287],{},[3563,128519,64699],{}," in the search.",[35,128522,128524],{"className":37,"code":128523,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128525,128526,128539,128543,128567,128596,128628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128527,128528,128530,128532,128534,128537],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128529,34514],{"class":50},[44,128531,55],{"class":54},[44,128533,1438],{"class":66},[44,128535,128536],{"class":70},"one two three two",[44,128538,3176],{"class":66},[44,128540,128541],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,128542,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,128544,128545,128547,128549,128551,128553,128555,128557,128559,128561,128563,128565],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,128546,82],{"class":58},[44,128548,63],{"class":62},[44,128550,34535],{"class":97},[44,128552,504],{"class":62},[44,128554,128010],{"class":97},[44,128556,63],{"class":62},[44,128558,67],{"class":66},[44,128560,78901],{"class":70},[44,128562,67],{"class":66},[44,128564,5190],{"class":62},[44,128566,128304],{"class":3483},[44,128568,128569,128571,128573,128575,128577,128579,128581,128583,128585,128587,128589,128591,128593],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,128570,82],{"class":58},[44,128572,63],{"class":62},[44,128574,34535],{"class":97},[44,128576,504],{"class":62},[44,128578,128010],{"class":97},[44,128580,63],{"class":62},[44,128582,67],{"class":66},[44,128584,78901],{"class":70},[44,128586,67],{"class":66},[44,128588,186],{"class":62},[44,128590,4431],{"class":452},[44,128592,5190],{"class":62},[44,128594,128595],{"class":3483},"     # 14\n",[44,128597,128598,128600,128602,128604,128606,128608,128610,128612,128614,128616,128618,128620,128622,128624,128626],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,128599,82],{"class":58},[44,128601,63],{"class":62},[44,128603,34535],{"class":97},[44,128605,504],{"class":62},[44,128607,128010],{"class":97},[44,128609,63],{"class":62},[44,128611,67],{"class":66},[44,128613,78901],{"class":70},[44,128615,67],{"class":66},[44,128617,186],{"class":62},[44,128619,3655],{"class":452},[44,128621,186],{"class":62},[44,128623,5823],{"class":452},[44,128625,5190],{"class":62},[44,128627,50561],{"class":3483},[44,128629,128630,128632,128634,128636,128638,128640,128642,128644,128646,128648,128650,128652,128654,128656,128658],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,128631,82],{"class":58},[44,128633,63],{"class":62},[44,128635,34535],{"class":97},[44,128637,504],{"class":62},[44,128639,128010],{"class":97},[44,128641,63],{"class":62},[44,128643,67],{"class":66},[44,128645,78901],{"class":70},[44,128647,67],{"class":66},[44,128649,186],{"class":62},[44,128651,3655],{"class":452},[44,128653,186],{"class":62},[44,128655,2287],{"class":452},[44,128657,5190],{"class":62},[44,128659,128366],{"class":3483},[20,128661,128662],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128664,128665,128666,54696,128670,504],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[491,128667,128669],{"href":128668},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[491,128671,128673,128675],{"href":128672},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128674,60160],{}," string method",[30,128677,123632],{"id":123631},[20,128679,128680,123443],{},[15,128681,123980],{},[20,128683,127030,128684,1126,128686,128688],{},[15,128685,90048],{},[15,128687,64164],{}," are treated as different text.",[35,128690,128692],{"className":37,"code":128691,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128693,128694,128707,128711,128735],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128695,128696,128698,128700,128702,128705],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128697,34514],{"class":50},[44,128699,55],{"class":54},[44,128701,1438],{"class":66},[44,128703,128704],{"class":70},"Hello World",[44,128706,3176],{"class":66},[44,128708,128709],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,128710,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,128712,128713,128715,128717,128719,128721,128723,128725,128727,128729,128731,128733],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,128714,82],{"class":58},[44,128716,63],{"class":62},[44,128718,34535],{"class":97},[44,128720,504],{"class":62},[44,128722,128010],{"class":97},[44,128724,63],{"class":62},[44,128726,67],{"class":66},[44,128728,34693],{"class":70},[44,128730,67],{"class":66},[44,128732,5190],{"class":62},[44,128734,50873],{"class":3483},[44,128736,128737,128739,128741,128743,128745,128747,128749,128751,128753,128755,128757],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,128738,82],{"class":58},[44,128740,63],{"class":62},[44,128742,34535],{"class":97},[44,128744,504],{"class":62},[44,128746,128010],{"class":97},[44,128748,63],{"class":62},[44,128750,67],{"class":66},[44,128752,3667],{"class":70},[44,128754,67],{"class":66},[44,128756,5190],{"class":62},[44,128758,128366],{"class":3483},[20,128760,128761],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[35,128763,128765],{"className":37,"code":128764,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,128766,128767,128779,128783],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128768,128769,128771,128773,128775,128777],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128770,34514],{"class":50},[44,128772,55],{"class":54},[44,128774,1438],{"class":66},[44,128776,128704],{"class":70},[44,128778,3176],{"class":66},[44,128780,128781],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,128782,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,128784,128785,128787,128789,128791,128793,128795,128797,128799,128801,128803,128805,128807,128809],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,128786,82],{"class":58},[44,128788,63],{"class":62},[44,128790,34535],{"class":97},[44,128792,504],{"class":62},[44,128794,8465],{"class":97},[44,128796,8462],{"class":62},[44,128798,128010],{"class":97},[44,128800,63],{"class":62},[44,128802,67],{"class":66},[44,128804,3667],{"class":70},[44,128806,67],{"class":66},[44,128808,5190],{"class":62},[44,128810,50873],{"class":3483},[30,128812,128814,10408,128816],{"id":128813},"find-vs-index",[15,128815,123980],{},[15,128817,58596],{},[20,128819,128820,1126,128822,128824],{},[15,128821,123980],{},[15,128823,58596],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[126,128826,128827,128833],{},[129,128828,128829,2228,128831],{},[15,128830,123980],{},[15,128832,65484],{},[129,128834,128835,52121,128837],{},[15,128836,58596],{},[15,128838,1144],{},[20,128840,103,128841,128843],{},[15,128842,123980],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,128845,103,128846,128848],{},[15,128847,58596],{}," when the value must exist.",[35,128850,128852],{"className":37,"code":128851,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,128853,128854,128866,128870],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128855,128856,128858,128860,128862,128864],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128857,34514],{"class":50},[44,128859,55],{"class":54},[44,128861,1438],{"class":66},[44,128863,3667],{"class":70},[44,128865,3176],{"class":66},[44,128867,128868],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,128869,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,128871,128872,128874,128876,128878,128880,128882,128884,128886,128888,128890,128892],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,128873,82],{"class":58},[44,128875,63],{"class":62},[44,128877,34535],{"class":97},[44,128879,504],{"class":62},[44,128881,128010],{"class":97},[44,128883,63],{"class":62},[44,128885,67],{"class":66},[44,128887,2003],{"class":70},[44,128889,67],{"class":66},[44,128891,5190],{"class":62},[44,128893,128894],{"class":3483},"   # -1\n",[35,128896,128898],{"className":37,"code":128897,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,128899,128900,128912,128916],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128901,128902,128904,128906,128908,128910],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128903,34514],{"class":50},[44,128905,55],{"class":54},[44,128907,1438],{"class":66},[44,128909,3667],{"class":70},[44,128911,3176],{"class":66},[44,128913,128914],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,128915,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,128917,128918,128920,128922,128924,128926,128928,128930,128932,128934,128936,128938],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,128919,82],{"class":58},[44,128921,63],{"class":62},[44,128923,34535],{"class":97},[44,128925,504],{"class":62},[44,128927,35673],{"class":97},[44,128929,63],{"class":62},[44,128931,67],{"class":66},[44,128933,2003],{"class":70},[44,128935,67],{"class":66},[44,128937,5190],{"class":62},[44,128939,128940],{"class":3483},"  # ValueError\n",[20,128942,128943,128944,128948,128949,128951,128952,504],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[491,128945,128946,128675],{"href":124005},[15,128947,58596],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,128950,58596],{},", read ",[491,128953,25509,128954],{"href":73112},[15,128955,128956],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[30,128958,40870],{"id":40869},[20,128960,35232,128961,128963],{},[15,128962,123980],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[126,128965,128966,128969,128972,128975],{},[129,128967,128968],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[129,128970,128971],{},"Get the position of a word",[129,128973,128974],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[129,128976,128977],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,128979,128980],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[35,128982,128984],{"className":37,"code":128983,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,128985,128986,128999,129022,129026,129041,129057,129076,129090],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128987,128988,128990,128992,128994,128997],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128989,34514],{"class":50},[44,128991,55],{"class":54},[44,128993,1438],{"class":66},[44,128995,128996],{"class":70},"name:Alice",[44,128998,3176],{"class":66},[44,129000,129001,129004,129006,129008,129010,129012,129014,129016,129018,129020],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,129002,129003],{"class":50},"colon_pos ",[44,129005,55],{"class":54},[44,129007,42655],{"class":50},[44,129009,504],{"class":62},[44,129011,128010],{"class":97},[44,129013,63],{"class":62},[44,129015,67],{"class":66},[44,129017,449],{"class":70},[44,129019,67],{"class":66},[44,129021,76],{"class":62},[44,129023,129024],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,129025,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,129027,129028,129030,129033,129035,129037,129039],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,129029,6828],{"class":1384},[44,129031,129032],{"class":50}," colon_pos ",[44,129034,72222],{"class":54},[44,129036,2051],{"class":54},[44,129038,2807],{"class":452},[44,129040,1388],{"class":62},[44,129042,129043,129046,129048,129050,129052,129055],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,129044,129045],{"class":50},"    label ",[44,129047,55],{"class":54},[44,129049,42655],{"class":50},[44,129051,75165],{"class":62},[44,129053,129054],{"class":50},"colon_pos",[44,129056,3453],{"class":62},[44,129058,129059,129061,129063,129065,129067,129069,129071,129073],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,129060,27231],{"class":50},[44,129062,55],{"class":54},[44,129064,42655],{"class":50},[44,129066,3723],{"class":62},[44,129068,129003],{"class":50},[44,129070,708],{"class":54},[44,129072,711],{"class":452},[44,129074,129075],{"class":62},":]\n",[44,129077,129078,129080,129082,129085,129087],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,129079,1416],{"class":58},[44,129081,63],{"class":62},[44,129083,129084],{"class":97},"label",[44,129086,3480],{"class":62},[44,129088,129089],{"class":3483},"  # name\n",[44,129091,129092,129094,129096,129098,129100],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,129093,1416],{"class":58},[44,129095,63],{"class":62},[44,129097,354],{"class":97},[44,129099,3480],{"class":62},[44,129101,129102],{"class":3483},"  # Alice\n",[20,129104,129105,129106,504],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[491,129107,127021],{"href":123240},[30,129109,1486],{"id":1485},[20,129111,129112,129113,449],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129114,123980],{},[126,129116,129117,129126,129132,129137,129143],{},[129,129118,8279,129119,8282,129121,497,129123,129125],{},[15,129120,123980],{},[15,129122,3420],{},[15,129124,3494],{}," instead of an index",[129,129127,129128,129129,129131],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129130,65484],{}," when the substring is missing",[129,129133,8243,129134,129136],{},[15,129135,123980],{}," without handling case differences",[129,129138,37030,129139,8529,129141],{},[15,129140,123980],{},[15,129142,58596],{},[129,129144,4405,129145,129147],{},[15,129146,123980],{}," changes the string",[20,129149,129150],{},"Example of a mistake:",[35,129152,129154],{"className":37,"code":129153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129155,129156,129168,129172,129192,129207,129213],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129157,129158,129160,129162,129164,129166],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129159,34514],{"class":50},[44,129161,55],{"class":54},[44,129163,1438],{"class":66},[44,129165,3667],{"class":70},[44,129167,3176],{"class":66},[44,129169,129170],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,129171,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,129173,129174,129176,129178,129180,129182,129184,129186,129188,129190],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,129175,6828],{"class":1384},[44,129177,42655],{"class":50},[44,129179,504],{"class":62},[44,129181,128010],{"class":97},[44,129183,63],{"class":62},[44,129185,67],{"class":66},[44,129187,60067],{"class":70},[44,129189,67],{"class":66},[44,129191,8167],{"class":62},[44,129193,129194,129196,129198,129200,129203,129205],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,129195,1416],{"class":58},[44,129197,63],{"class":62},[44,129199,67],{"class":66},[44,129201,129202],{"class":70},"Found",[44,129204,67],{"class":66},[44,129206,76],{"class":62},[44,129208,129209,129211],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,129210,27264],{"class":1384},[44,129212,1388],{"class":62},[44,129214,129215,129217,129219,129221,129223,129225],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,129216,1416],{"class":58},[44,129218,63],{"class":62},[44,129220,67],{"class":66},[44,129222,26145],{"class":70},[44,129224,67],{"class":66},[44,129226,76],{"class":62},[20,129228,99546],{},[35,129230,129232],{"className":37,"code":129231,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Not found\n",[15,129233,129234],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129235,129236],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129237,129231],{"class":50},[20,129239,962,129240,129243,129244,16901,129246,129248,129249,129251],{},[15,129241,129242],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129245,1951],{},[15,129247,1951],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129250,6828],{}," statement.",[20,129253,129254],{},"A safer version is:",[35,129256,129258],{"className":37,"code":129257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129259,129260,129272,129276,129305,129319,129325],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129261,129262,129264,129266,129268,129270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129263,34514],{"class":50},[44,129265,55],{"class":54},[44,129267,1438],{"class":66},[44,129269,3667],{"class":70},[44,129271,3176],{"class":66},[44,129273,129274],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,129275,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,129277,129278,129280,129282,129284,129286,129288,129290,129292,129294,129296,129299,129301,129303],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,129279,6828],{"class":1384},[44,129281,42655],{"class":50},[44,129283,504],{"class":62},[44,129285,128010],{"class":97},[44,129287,63],{"class":62},[44,129289,67],{"class":66},[44,129291,60067],{"class":70},[44,129293,67],{"class":66},[44,129295,3480],{"class":62},[44,129297,129298],{"class":54}," !=",[44,129300,2051],{"class":54},[44,129302,2807],{"class":452},[44,129304,1388],{"class":62},[44,129306,129307,129309,129311,129313,129315,129317],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,129308,1416],{"class":58},[44,129310,63],{"class":62},[44,129312,67],{"class":66},[44,129314,129202],{"class":70},[44,129316,67],{"class":66},[44,129318,76],{"class":62},[44,129320,129321,129323],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,129322,27264],{"class":1384},[44,129324,1388],{"class":62},[44,129326,129327,129329,129331,129333,129335,129337],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,129328,1416],{"class":58},[44,129330,63],{"class":62},[44,129332,67],{"class":66},[44,129334,26145],{"class":70},[44,129336,67],{"class":66},[44,129338,76],{"class":62},[20,129340,129341],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[35,129343,129345],{"className":37,"code":129344,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129346,129347,129369,129383,129409,129423],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129348,129349,129351,129353,129355,129357,129359,129361,129363,129365,129367],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129350,82],{"class":58},[44,129352,63],{"class":62},[44,129354,34535],{"class":97},[44,129356,504],{"class":62},[44,129358,128010],{"class":97},[44,129360,63],{"class":62},[44,129362,476],{"class":66},[44,129364,38217],{"class":70},[44,129366,476],{"class":66},[44,129368,434],{"class":62},[44,129370,129371,129373,129375,129377,129379,129381],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,129372,82],{"class":58},[44,129374,63],{"class":62},[44,129376,1231],{"class":58},[44,129378,63],{"class":62},[44,129380,34535],{"class":97},[44,129382,434],{"class":62},[44,129384,129385,129387,129389,129391,129393,129395,129397,129399,129401,129403,129405,129407],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,129386,82],{"class":58},[44,129388,63],{"class":62},[44,129390,34535],{"class":97},[44,129392,504],{"class":62},[44,129394,8465],{"class":97},[44,129396,8462],{"class":62},[44,129398,128010],{"class":97},[44,129400,63],{"class":62},[44,129402,476],{"class":66},[44,129404,38217],{"class":70},[44,129406,476],{"class":66},[44,129408,434],{"class":62},[44,129410,129411,129413,129415,129417,129419,129421],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,129412,82],{"class":58},[44,129414,63],{"class":62},[44,129416,10986],{"class":58},[44,129418,63],{"class":62},[44,129420,34535],{"class":97},[44,129422,434],{"class":62},[44,129424,129425,129427,129429,129431,129433,129435,129437,129439,129441,129443,129445,129447,129449,129451],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,129426,82],{"class":58},[44,129428,63],{"class":62},[44,129430,34535],{"class":97},[44,129432,504],{"class":62},[44,129434,128010],{"class":97},[44,129436,63],{"class":62},[44,129438,476],{"class":66},[44,129440,38217],{"class":70},[44,129442,476],{"class":66},[44,129444,186],{"class":62},[44,129446,35876],{"class":97},[44,129448,186],{"class":62},[44,129450,64670],{"class":97},[44,129452,434],{"class":62},[20,129454,129455],{},"These help you check:",[126,129457,129458,129463,129468,129473,129476],{},[129,129459,129460,129461],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129462,123980],{},[129,129464,129465,129466],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129467,122199],{},[129,129469,129470,129471],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129472,123715],{},[129,129474,129475],{},"The string length",[129,129477,129478,129479,1126,129481,129483],{},"Whether your ",[15,129480,35897],{},[15,129482,52287],{}," values are correct",[30,129485,1651],{"id":1650},[600,129487,129489,129490,129492],{"id":129488},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129491,123980],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129494,4976,129495,504],{},[15,129496,65484],{},[600,129498,1655,129500,129502],{"id":129499},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129501,123980],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129504,129505],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[600,129507,129509,129510,124321],{"id":129508},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129511,123980],{},[20,129513,129514],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[600,129516,5007,129518,1126,129520,69285],{"id":129517},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129519,123980],{},[15,129521,58596],{},[20,129523,129524,2228,129526,129528,129529,52121,129531,504],{},[15,129525,123980],{},[15,129527,65484],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129530,58596],{},[15,129532,1144],{},[600,129534,28159,129536,129538],{"id":129535},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129537,123980],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129540,129541,129542,1126,129544,65783],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129543,35897],{},[15,129545,52287],{},[30,129547,1719],{"id":1718},[126,129549,129550,129556,129562,129569,129575,129582,129586,129591],{},[129,129551,129552],{},[491,129553,125985,129554,10564],{"href":124005},[15,129555,58596],{},[129,129557,129558],{},[491,129559,125985,129560,10564],{"href":128672},[15,129561,60160],{},[129,129563,129564],{},[491,129565,125985,129567,10564],{"href":129566},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129568,124156],{},[129,129570,129571],{},[491,129572,125985,129573,10564],{"href":127350},[15,129574,127353],{},[129,129576,129577],{},[491,129578,125985,129580,10564],{"href":129579},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129581,126043],{},[129,129583,129584],{},[491,129585,124384],{"href":123240},[129,129587,129588],{},[491,129589,129590],{"href":128668},"How to split a string in Python",[129,129592,129593],{},[491,129594,25952,129595],{"href":73112},[15,129596,128956],{},[1758,129598,129599],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":129601},[129602,129604,129607,129608,129609,129610,129612,129613,129614,129626],{"id":128086,"depth":79,"text":129603},"What find() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250,"children":129605},[129606],{"id":17223,"depth":419,"text":17224},{"id":37845,"depth":79,"text":37846},{"id":65036,"depth":79,"text":65819},{"id":123631,"depth":79,"text":123632},{"id":128813,"depth":79,"text":129611},"find() vs index()",{"id":40869,"depth":79,"text":40870},{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":129615},[129616,129618,129620,129622,129624],{"id":129488,"depth":419,"text":129617},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129499,"depth":419,"text":129619},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129508,"depth":419,"text":129621},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129517,"depth":419,"text":129623},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129535,"depth":419,"text":129625},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":127958,"description":129627},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129634,"title":129635,"body":129636,"description":131562,"extension":1796,"meta":131563,"navigation":807,"path":131564,"seo":131565,"stem":131566,"__hash__":131567},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129637,"toc":131530},[129638,129643,129648,129651,129653,129729,129733,129761,129769,129773,129778,129782,129799,129801,129868,129872,129894,129902,129904,129907,129931,129934,129948,129950,130035,130039,130051,130054,130058,130064,130114,130118,130135,130144,130147,130155,130158,130207,130211,130236,130239,130294,130298,130310,130316,130320,130326,130331,130398,130402,130428,130431,130442,130444,130511,130515,130540,130547,130551,130556,130563,130571,130573,130625,130629,130647,130649,130694,130698,130713,130716,130726,130733,130735,130739,130742,130753,130755,130815,130819,130847,130850,130856,130861,130864,130868,130912,130915,130953,130956,130964,130966,130971,130975,130978,131026,131029,131032,131088,131092,131097,131100,131149,131151,131200,131206,131211,131213,131260,131264,131277,131279,131330,131336,131339,131343,131346,131352,131357,131359,131362,131434,131437,131454,131456,131461,131464,131468,131474,131480,131487,131493,131499,131501,131527],[10,129639,122985,129641,11147],{"id":129640},"python-string-format-method",[15,129642,125988],{},[20,129644,122990,129645,129647],{},[15,129646,125988],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129649,129650],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[30,129652,33],{"id":32},[35,129654,129656],{"className":37,"code":129655,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129657,129658,129670,129678,129682,129719],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129659,129660,129662,129664,129666,129668],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129661,51],{"class":50},[44,129663,55],{"class":54},[44,129665,1438],{"class":66},[44,129667,11334],{"class":70},[44,129669,3176],{"class":66},[44,129671,129672,129674,129676],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,129673,390],{"class":50},[44,129675,55],{"class":54},[44,129677,88429],{"class":452},[44,129679,129680],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,129681,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,129683,129684,129686,129688,129690,129693,129695,129698,129700,129702,129704,129706,129709,129711,129713,129715,129717],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,129685,89637],{"class":50},[44,129687,55],{"class":54},[44,129689,1438],{"class":66},[44,129691,129692],{"class":70},"My name is ",[44,129694,3613],{"class":452},[44,129696,129697],{"class":70}," and I am ",[44,129699,3613],{"class":452},[44,129701,121981],{"class":70},[44,129703,67],{"class":66},[44,129705,504],{"class":62},[44,129707,129708],{"class":97},"format",[44,129710,63],{"class":62},[44,129712,652],{"class":97},[44,129714,186],{"class":62},[44,129716,9011],{"class":97},[44,129718,76],{"class":62},[44,129720,129721,129723,129725,129727],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,129722,82],{"class":58},[44,129724,63],{"class":62},[44,129726,89654],{"class":97},[44,129728,76],{"class":62},[20,129730,129731],{},[3563,129732,1031],{},[35,129734,129736],{"className":37,"code":129735,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,129737,129738],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129739,129740,129743,129745,129748,129751,129754,129757,129759],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129741,129742],{"class":50},"My name ",[44,129744,206],{"class":54},[44,129746,129747],{"class":50}," Maya ",[44,129749,129750],{"class":54},"and",[44,129752,129753],{"class":50}," I am ",[44,129755,129756],{"class":452},"12",[44,129758,122014],{"class":50},[44,129760,122017],{"class":62},[20,129762,103,129763,129765,129766,129768],{},[15,129764,3613],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,129767,125988],{}," in the same order.",[20,129770,124737,129771,504],{},[491,129772,124740],{"href":50601},[30,129774,12821,129776,12824],{"id":129775},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,129777,125988],{},[20,129779,22,129780,11238],{},[15,129781,125988],{},[126,129783,129784,129787,129793,129796],{},[129,129785,129786],{},"inserts values into a string",[129,129788,129789,129790,129792],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,129791,3613],{}," with given values",[129,129794,129795],{},"returns a new string",[129,129797,129798],{},"does not change the original string",[20,129800,145],{},[35,129802,129804],{"className":37,"code":129803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,129805,129806,129820,129843,129847,129858],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129807,129808,129810,129812,129814,129816,129818],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129809,34514],{"class":50},[44,129811,55],{"class":54},[44,129813,1438],{"class":66},[44,129815,89],{"class":70},[44,129817,3613],{"class":452},[44,129819,3176],{"class":66},[44,129821,129822,129825,129827,129829,129831,129833,129835,129837,129839,129841],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,129823,129824],{"class":50},"new_text ",[44,129826,55],{"class":54},[44,129828,42655],{"class":50},[44,129830,504],{"class":62},[44,129832,129708],{"class":97},[44,129834,63],{"class":62},[44,129836,67],{"class":66},[44,129838,7507],{"class":70},[44,129840,67],{"class":66},[44,129842,76],{"class":62},[44,129844,129845],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,129846,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,129848,129849,129851,129853,129856],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,129850,82],{"class":58},[44,129852,63],{"class":62},[44,129854,129855],{"class":97},"new_text",[44,129857,76],{"class":62},[44,129859,129860,129862,129864,129866],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,129861,82],{"class":58},[44,129863,63],{"class":62},[44,129865,34535],{"class":97},[44,129867,76],{"class":62},[20,129869,129870],{},[3563,129871,1031],{},[35,129873,129875],{"className":37,"code":129874,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,129876,129877,129886],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129878,129879,129881,129883],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129880,34693],{"class":50},[44,129882,186],{"class":62},[44,129884,129885],{"class":50}," Sam\n",[44,129887,129888,129890,129892],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,129889,34693],{"class":50},[44,129891,186],{"class":62},[44,129893,9660],{"class":62},[20,129895,2116,129896,129898,129899,129901],{},[15,129897,34535],{}," stays the same. ",[15,129900,125988],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[30,129903,250],{"id":249},[20,129905,129906],{},"The general form is:",[35,129908,129910],{"className":37,"code":129909,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,129911,129912],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129913,129914,129916,129919,129921,129923,129925,129927,129929],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129915,67],{"class":43142},[44,129917,129918],{"class":43146},"text {}",[44,129920,67],{"class":43142},[44,129922,504],{"class":62},[44,129924,129708],{"class":97},[44,129926,63],{"class":62},[44,129928,354],{"class":97},[44,129930,76],{"class":62},[20,129932,129933],{},"Key idea:",[126,129935,129936,129942,129945],{},[129,129937,129938,129939,129941],{},"each ",[15,129940,3613],{}," is a placeholder",[129,129943,129944],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[129,129946,129947],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,129949,145],{},[35,129951,129953],{"className":37,"code":129952,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,129954,129955,129968,129982,129986,130024],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129956,129957,129960,129962,129964,129966],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129958,129959],{"class":50},"animal ",[44,129961,55],{"class":54},[44,129963,1438],{"class":66},[44,129965,36873],{"class":70},[44,129967,3176],{"class":66},[44,129969,129970,129973,129975,129977,129980],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,129971,129972],{"class":50},"sound ",[44,129974,55],{"class":54},[44,129976,1438],{"class":66},[44,129978,129979],{"class":70},"meow",[44,129981,3176],{"class":66},[44,129983,129984],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,129985,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,129987,129988,129991,129993,129995,129997,129999,130002,130004,130006,130008,130010,130012,130014,130017,130019,130022],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,129989,129990],{"class":50},"sentence ",[44,129992,55],{"class":54},[44,129994,1438],{"class":66},[44,129996,22],{"class":70},[44,129998,3613],{"class":452},[44,130000,130001],{"class":70}," says ",[44,130003,3613],{"class":452},[44,130005,504],{"class":70},[44,130007,67],{"class":66},[44,130009,504],{"class":62},[44,130011,129708],{"class":97},[44,130013,63],{"class":62},[44,130015,130016],{"class":97},"animal",[44,130018,186],{"class":62},[44,130020,130021],{"class":97}," sound",[44,130023,76],{"class":62},[44,130025,130026,130028,130030,130033],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,130027,82],{"class":58},[44,130029,63],{"class":62},[44,130031,130032],{"class":97},"sentence",[44,130034,76],{"class":62},[20,130036,130037],{},[3563,130038,1031],{},[35,130040,130042],{"className":37,"code":130041,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130043,130044],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130045,130046,130049],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130047,130048],{"class":50},"The cat says meow",[44,130050,122017],{"class":62},[20,130052,130053],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[30,130055,130057],{"id":130056},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130059,130060,130061,130063],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130062,3613],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[35,130065,130067],{"className":37,"code":130066,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130068,130069],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130070,130071,130073,130075,130077,130080,130082,130084,130086,130088,130090,130092,130094,130096,130098,130101,130103,130105,130107,130110,130112],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130072,82],{"class":58},[44,130074,63],{"class":62},[44,130076,67],{"class":66},[44,130078,130079],{"class":70},"I like ",[44,130081,3613],{"class":452},[44,130083,1126],{"class":70},[44,130085,3613],{"class":452},[44,130087,504],{"class":70},[44,130089,67],{"class":66},[44,130091,504],{"class":62},[44,130093,129708],{"class":97},[44,130095,63],{"class":62},[44,130097,67],{"class":66},[44,130099,130100],{"class":70},"pizza",[44,130102,67],{"class":66},[44,130104,186],{"class":62},[44,130106,1438],{"class":66},[44,130108,130109],{"class":70},"pasta",[44,130111,67],{"class":66},[44,130113,434],{"class":62},[20,130115,130116],{},[3563,130117,1031],{},[35,130119,130121],{"className":37,"code":130120,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130122,130123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130124,130125,130128,130130,130133],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130126,130127],{"class":50},"I like pizza ",[44,130129,129750],{"class":54},[44,130131,130132],{"class":50}," pasta",[44,130134,122017],{"class":62},[20,130136,130137,130138,1126,130141,504],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130139,130140],{},"{0}",[15,130142,130143],{},"{1}",[20,130145,130146],{},"This is helpful when:",[126,130148,130149,130152],{},[129,130150,130151],{},"you want to reuse a value",[129,130153,130154],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130156,130157],{},"Example with reused values:",[35,130159,130161],{"className":37,"code":130160,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130162,130163,130197],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130164,130165,130167,130169,130171,130173,130176,130178,130181,130183,130185,130187,130189,130191,130193,130195],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130166,34514],{"class":50},[44,130168,55],{"class":54},[44,130170,1438],{"class":66},[44,130172,130140],{"class":452},[44,130174,130175],{"class":70}," is learning Python. ",[44,130177,130140],{"class":452},[44,130179,130180],{"class":70}," likes coding.",[44,130182,67],{"class":66},[44,130184,504],{"class":62},[44,130186,129708],{"class":97},[44,130188,63],{"class":62},[44,130190,67],{"class":66},[44,130192,19712],{"class":70},[44,130194,67],{"class":66},[44,130196,76],{"class":62},[44,130198,130199,130201,130203,130205],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,130200,82],{"class":58},[44,130202,63],{"class":62},[44,130204,34535],{"class":97},[44,130206,76],{"class":62},[20,130208,130209],{},[3563,130210,1031],{},[35,130212,130214],{"className":37,"code":130213,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130215,130216],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130217,130218,130221,130223,130226,130228,130231,130234],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130219,130220],{"class":50},"Lina ",[44,130222,206],{"class":54},[44,130224,130225],{"class":50}," learning Python",[44,130227,504],{"class":62},[44,130229,130230],{"class":24579}," Lina",[44,130232,130233],{"class":50}," likes coding",[44,130235,122017],{"class":62},[20,130237,130238],{},"Example with changed order:",[35,130240,130242],{"className":37,"code":130241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130243,130244,130284],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130245,130246,130248,130250,130252,130254,130256,130258,130260,130262,130264,130266,130268,130270,130272,130274,130276,130278,130280,130282],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130247,34514],{"class":50},[44,130249,55],{"class":54},[44,130251,1438],{"class":66},[44,130253,130143],{"class":452},[44,130255,82956],{"class":70},[44,130257,130140],{"class":452},[44,130259,504],{"class":70},[44,130261,67],{"class":66},[44,130263,504],{"class":62},[44,130265,129708],{"class":97},[44,130267,63],{"class":62},[44,130269,67],{"class":66},[44,130271,6415],{"class":70},[44,130273,67],{"class":66},[44,130275,186],{"class":62},[44,130277,1438],{"class":66},[44,130279,78901],{"class":70},[44,130281,67],{"class":66},[44,130283,76],{"class":62},[44,130285,130286,130288,130290,130292],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,130287,82],{"class":58},[44,130289,63],{"class":62},[44,130291,34535],{"class":97},[44,130293,76],{"class":62},[20,130295,130296],{},[3563,130297,1031],{},[35,130299,130301],{"className":37,"code":130300,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130302,130303],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130304,130305,130308],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130306,130307],{"class":50},"two comes after one",[44,130309,122017],{"class":62},[20,130311,130312,130313,130315],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130314,3613],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[30,130317,130319],{"id":130318},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130321,130322,130323,504],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130324,130325],{},"{name}",[20,130327,130328,130329,449],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130330,125988],{},[35,130332,130334],{"className":37,"code":130333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130335,130336,130388],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130337,130338,130340,130342,130344,130346,130348,130351,130354,130356,130358,130360,130362,130364,130366,130368,130370,130372,130374,130376,130378,130380,130382,130384,130386],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130339,34514],{"class":50},[44,130341,55],{"class":54},[44,130343,1438],{"class":66},[44,130345,129692],{"class":70},[44,130347,130325],{"class":452},[44,130349,130350],{"class":70}," and I live in ",[44,130352,130353],{"class":452},"{city}",[44,130355,504],{"class":70},[44,130357,67],{"class":66},[44,130359,504],{"class":62},[44,130361,129708],{"class":97},[44,130363,63],{"class":62},[44,130365,652],{"class":8998},[44,130367,55],{"class":54},[44,130369,67],{"class":66},[44,130371,12705],{"class":70},[44,130373,67],{"class":66},[44,130375,186],{"class":62},[44,130377,1368],{"class":8998},[44,130379,55],{"class":54},[44,130381,67],{"class":66},[44,130383,15859],{"class":70},[44,130385,67],{"class":66},[44,130387,76],{"class":62},[44,130389,130390,130392,130394,130396],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,130391,82],{"class":58},[44,130393,63],{"class":62},[44,130395,34535],{"class":97},[44,130397,76],{"class":62},[20,130399,130400],{},[3563,130401,1031],{},[35,130403,130405],{"className":37,"code":130404,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130406,130407],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130408,130409,130411,130413,130416,130418,130421,130423,130426],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130410,129742],{"class":50},[44,130412,206],{"class":54},[44,130414,130415],{"class":50}," Ana ",[44,130417,129750],{"class":54},[44,130419,130420],{"class":50}," I live ",[44,130422,3705],{"class":54},[44,130424,130425],{"class":50}," Lima",[44,130427,122017],{"class":62},[20,130429,130430],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[126,130432,130433,130436,130439],{},[129,130434,130435],{},"they make code easier to read",[129,130437,130438],{},"they help when a string has many values",[129,130440,130441],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130443,145],{},[35,130445,130447],{"className":37,"code":130446,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130448,130449,130501],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130450,130451,130454,130456,130458,130461,130464,130467,130470,130472,130474,130476,130478,130480,130482,130484,130487,130489,130491,130494,130496,130499],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130452,130453],{"class":50},"report ",[44,130455,55],{"class":54},[44,130457,1438],{"class":66},[44,130459,130460],{"class":70},"Student: ",[44,130462,130463],{"class":452},"{student}",[44,130465,130466],{"class":70},", Score: ",[44,130468,130469],{"class":452},"{score}",[44,130471,67],{"class":66},[44,130473,504],{"class":62},[44,130475,129708],{"class":97},[44,130477,63],{"class":62},[44,130479,13452],{"class":8998},[44,130481,55],{"class":54},[44,130483,67],{"class":66},[44,130485,130486],{"class":70},"Noah",[44,130488,67],{"class":66},[44,130490,186],{"class":62},[44,130492,130493],{"class":8998}," score",[44,130495,55],{"class":54},[44,130497,130498],{"class":452},"95",[44,130500,76],{"class":62},[44,130502,130503,130505,130507,130509],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,130504,82],{"class":58},[44,130506,63],{"class":62},[44,130508,127698],{"class":97},[44,130510,76],{"class":62},[20,130512,130513],{},[3563,130514,1031],{},[35,130516,130518],{"className":37,"code":130517,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130519,130520],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130521,130522,130525,130527,130530,130532,130535,130537],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130523,130524],{"class":50},"Student",[44,130526,449],{"class":62},[44,130528,130529],{"class":50}," Noah",[44,130531,186],{"class":62},[44,130533,130534],{"class":50}," Score",[44,130536,449],{"class":62},[44,130538,130539],{"class":452}," 95\n",[20,130541,130542,130543,504],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[491,130544,13,130545,1738],{"href":41990},[15,130546,47308],{},[30,130548,130550],{"id":130549},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130552,130553,130555],{},[15,130554,125988],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130557,130558,130559,130562],{},"A common example is ",[15,130560,130561],{},":.2f",", which means:",[126,130564,130565,130568],{},[129,130566,130567],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[129,130569,130570],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130572,145],{},[35,130574,130576],{"className":37,"code":130575,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130577,130578,130586,130615],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130579,130580,130582,130584],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130581,40212],{"class":50},[44,130583,55],{"class":54},[44,130585,48901],{"class":452},[44,130587,130588,130590,130592,130594,130597,130599,130601,130603,130605,130607,130609,130611,130613],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,130589,34514],{"class":50},[44,130591,55],{"class":54},[44,130593,1438],{"class":66},[44,130595,130596],{"class":70},"Price: $",[44,130598,9100],{"class":452},[44,130600,130561],{"class":466},[44,130602,22131],{"class":452},[44,130604,67],{"class":66},[44,130606,504],{"class":62},[44,130608,129708],{"class":97},[44,130610,63],{"class":62},[44,130612,24979],{"class":97},[44,130614,76],{"class":62},[44,130616,130617,130619,130621,130623],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,130618,82],{"class":58},[44,130620,63],{"class":62},[44,130622,34535],{"class":97},[44,130624,76],{"class":62},[20,130626,130627],{},[3563,130628,1031],{},[35,130630,130632],{"className":37,"code":130631,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130633,130634],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130635,130636,130639,130641,130644],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130637,130638],{"class":50},"Price",[44,130640,449],{"class":62},[44,130642,130643],{"class":212}," $",[44,130645,130646],{"class":452},"3.50\n",[20,130648,51706],{},[35,130650,130652],{"className":37,"code":130651,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130653,130654,130664],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130655,130656,130659,130661],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130657,130658],{"class":50},"average ",[44,130660,55],{"class":54},[44,130662,130663],{"class":452}," 91.236\n",[44,130665,130666,130668,130670,130672,130675,130677,130679,130681,130683,130685,130687,130689,130692],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,130667,82],{"class":58},[44,130669,63],{"class":62},[44,130671,67],{"class":66},[44,130673,130674],{"class":70},"Average: ",[44,130676,9100],{"class":452},[44,130678,130561],{"class":466},[44,130680,22131],{"class":452},[44,130682,67],{"class":66},[44,130684,504],{"class":62},[44,130686,129708],{"class":97},[44,130688,63],{"class":62},[44,130690,130691],{"class":97},"average",[44,130693,434],{"class":62},[20,130695,130696],{},[3563,130697,1031],{},[35,130699,130701],{"className":37,"code":130700,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130702,130703],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130704,130705,130708,130710],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130706,130707],{"class":50},"Average",[44,130709,449],{"class":62},[44,130711,130712],{"class":452}," 91.24\n",[20,130714,130715],{},"This is useful for:",[126,130717,130718,130720,130723],{},[129,130719,82714],{},[129,130721,130722],{},"averages",[129,130724,130725],{},"percentages",[20,130727,130728,130729,504],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[491,130730,13,130731,2133],{"href":1753},[15,130732,1756],{},[30,130734,17248],{"id":17247},[20,130736,130737,92151],{},[15,130738,125988],{},[20,130740,130741],{},"That means you can:",[126,130743,130744,130747,130750],{},[129,130745,130746],{},"save it in a variable",[129,130748,130749],{},"print it directly",[129,130751,130752],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,130754,145],{},[35,130756,130758],{"className":37,"code":130757,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,130759,130760,130791,130801],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130761,130762,130764,130766,130768,130770,130772,130774,130776,130778,130780,130782,130784,130787,130789],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130763,89637],{"class":50},[44,130765,55],{"class":54},[44,130767,1438],{"class":66},[44,130769,89],{"class":70},[44,130771,3613],{"class":452},[44,130773,89478],{"class":70},[44,130775,67],{"class":66},[44,130777,504],{"class":62},[44,130779,129708],{"class":97},[44,130781,63],{"class":62},[44,130783,67],{"class":66},[44,130785,130786],{"class":70},"Chris",[44,130788,67],{"class":66},[44,130790,76],{"class":62},[44,130792,130793,130795,130797,130799],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,130794,82],{"class":58},[44,130796,63],{"class":62},[44,130798,89654],{"class":97},[44,130800,76],{"class":62},[44,130802,130803,130805,130807,130809,130811,130813],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,130804,82],{"class":58},[44,130806,63],{"class":62},[44,130808,427],{"class":426},[44,130810,63],{"class":62},[44,130812,89654],{"class":97},[44,130814,434],{"class":62},[20,130816,130817],{},[3563,130818,1031],{},[35,130820,130822],{"className":37,"code":130821,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,130823,130824,130833],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130825,130826,130828,130830],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130827,34693],{"class":50},[44,130829,186],{"class":62},[44,130831,130832],{"class":50}," Chris!\n",[44,130834,130835,130837,130839,130841,130843,130845],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,130836,463],{"class":54},[44,130838,467],{"class":466},[44,130840,470],{"class":66},[44,130842,473],{"class":70},[44,130844,476],{"class":66},[44,130846,479],{"class":54},[20,130848,130849],{},"The original string is not changed.",[30,130851,130853,130855],{"id":130852},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,130854,125988],{}," vs f-strings",[20,130857,130858,130860],{},[15,130859,125988],{}," is a string method.",[20,130862,130863],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,130865,1319,130866,449],{},[15,130867,125988],{},[35,130869,130871],{"className":37,"code":130870,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,130872,130873,130886],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130874,130875,130877,130879,130881,130884],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130876,51],{"class":50},[44,130878,55],{"class":54},[44,130880,1438],{"class":66},[44,130882,130883],{"class":70},"Rita",[44,130885,3176],{"class":66},[44,130887,130888,130890,130892,130894,130896,130898,130900,130902,130904,130906,130908,130910],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,130889,82],{"class":58},[44,130891,63],{"class":62},[44,130893,67],{"class":66},[44,130895,89],{"class":70},[44,130897,3613],{"class":452},[44,130899,89478],{"class":70},[44,130901,67],{"class":66},[44,130903,504],{"class":62},[44,130905,129708],{"class":97},[44,130907,63],{"class":62},[44,130909,652],{"class":97},[44,130911,434],{"class":62},[20,130913,130914],{},"Example with an f-string:",[35,130916,130918],{"className":37,"code":130917,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,130919,130920,130932],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130921,130922,130924,130926,130928,130930],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130923,51],{"class":50},[44,130925,55],{"class":54},[44,130927,1438],{"class":66},[44,130929,130883],{"class":70},[44,130931,3176],{"class":66},[44,130933,130934,130936,130938,130940,130942,130944,130946,130948,130951],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,130935,82],{"class":58},[44,130937,63],{"class":62},[44,130939,22122],{"class":466},[44,130941,43160],{"class":70},[44,130943,9100],{"class":452},[44,130945,652],{"class":97},[44,130947,22131],{"class":452},[44,130949,130950],{"class":70},"!\"",[44,130952,76],{"class":62},[20,130954,130955],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,130957,130958,130959,130961,130962,504],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,130960,125988],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[491,130963,89323],{"href":89322},[30,130965,1486],{"id":1485},[20,130967,130968,130969,504],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,130970,125988],{},[600,130972,130974],{"id":130973},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,130976,130977],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[35,130979,130981],{"className":37,"code":130980,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130982,130983,131016],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130984,130985,130987,130989,130991,130993,130995,130998,131000,131002,131004,131006,131008,131010,131012,131014],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130986,34514],{"class":50},[44,130988,55],{"class":54},[44,130990,1438],{"class":66},[44,130992,89],{"class":70},[44,130994,3613],{"class":452},[44,130996,130997],{"class":452}," {}",[44,130999,89478],{"class":70},[44,131001,67],{"class":66},[44,131003,504],{"class":62},[44,131005,129708],{"class":97},[44,131007,63],{"class":62},[44,131009,67],{"class":66},[44,131011,7507],{"class":70},[44,131013,67],{"class":66},[44,131015,76],{"class":62},[44,131017,131018,131020,131022,131024],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,131019,82],{"class":58},[44,131021,63],{"class":62},[44,131023,34535],{"class":97},[44,131025,76],{"class":62},[20,131027,131028],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131030,131031],{},"Fixed version:",[35,131033,131035],{"className":37,"code":131034,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131036,131037,131078],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131038,131039,131041,131043,131045,131047,131049,131051,131053,131055,131057,131059,131061,131063,131065,131067,131069,131071,131074,131076],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131040,34514],{"class":50},[44,131042,55],{"class":54},[44,131044,1438],{"class":66},[44,131046,89],{"class":70},[44,131048,3613],{"class":452},[44,131050,130997],{"class":452},[44,131052,89478],{"class":70},[44,131054,67],{"class":66},[44,131056,504],{"class":62},[44,131058,129708],{"class":97},[44,131060,63],{"class":62},[44,131062,67],{"class":66},[44,131064,7507],{"class":70},[44,131066,67],{"class":66},[44,131068,186],{"class":62},[44,131070,1438],{"class":66},[44,131072,131073],{"class":70},"Lee",[44,131075,67],{"class":66},[44,131077,76],{"class":62},[44,131079,131080,131082,131084,131086],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,131081,82],{"class":58},[44,131083,63],{"class":62},[44,131085,34535],{"class":97},[44,131087,76],{"class":62},[600,131089,131091],{"id":131090},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131093,131094,131095,504],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131096,125988],{},[20,131098,131099],{},"Problem:",[35,131101,131103],{"className":37,"code":131102,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131104,131105,131139],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131106,131107,131109,131111,131113,131115,131117,131119,131121,131123,131125,131127,131129,131131,131133,131135,131137],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131108,34514],{"class":50},[44,131110,55],{"class":54},[44,131112,1438],{"class":66},[44,131114,89],{"class":70},[44,131116,130325],{"class":452},[44,131118,89478],{"class":70},[44,131120,67],{"class":66},[44,131122,504],{"class":62},[44,131124,129708],{"class":97},[44,131126,63],{"class":62},[44,131128,323],{"class":8998},[44,131130,55],{"class":54},[44,131132,67],{"class":66},[44,131134,7507],{"class":70},[44,131136,67],{"class":66},[44,131138,76],{"class":62},[44,131140,131141,131143,131145,131147],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,131142,82],{"class":58},[44,131144,63],{"class":62},[44,131146,34535],{"class":97},[44,131148,76],{"class":62},[20,131150,131031],{},[35,131152,131154],{"className":37,"code":131153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131155,131156,131190],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131157,131158,131160,131162,131164,131166,131168,131170,131172,131174,131176,131178,131180,131182,131184,131186,131188],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131159,34514],{"class":50},[44,131161,55],{"class":54},[44,131163,1438],{"class":66},[44,131165,89],{"class":70},[44,131167,130325],{"class":452},[44,131169,89478],{"class":70},[44,131171,67],{"class":66},[44,131173,504],{"class":62},[44,131175,129708],{"class":97},[44,131177,63],{"class":62},[44,131179,652],{"class":8998},[44,131181,55],{"class":54},[44,131183,67],{"class":66},[44,131185,7507],{"class":70},[44,131187,67],{"class":66},[44,131189,76],{"class":62},[44,131191,131192,131194,131196,131198],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,131193,82],{"class":58},[44,131195,63],{"class":62},[44,131197,34535],{"class":97},[44,131199,76],{"class":62},[600,131201,8279,131203,131205],{"id":131202},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131204,125988],{}," to change the original string",[20,131207,131208,131210],{},[15,131209,125988],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131212,131099],{},[35,131214,131216],{"className":37,"code":131215,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131217,131218,131232,131250],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131219,131220,131222,131224,131226,131228,131230],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131221,34514],{"class":50},[44,131223,55],{"class":54},[44,131225,1438],{"class":66},[44,131227,89],{"class":70},[44,131229,3613],{"class":452},[44,131231,3176],{"class":66},[44,131233,131234,131236,131238,131240,131242,131244,131246,131248],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,131235,34535],{"class":50},[44,131237,504],{"class":62},[44,131239,129708],{"class":97},[44,131241,63],{"class":62},[44,131243,67],{"class":66},[44,131245,7507],{"class":70},[44,131247,67],{"class":66},[44,131249,76],{"class":62},[44,131251,131252,131254,131256,131258],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,131253,82],{"class":58},[44,131255,63],{"class":62},[44,131257,34535],{"class":97},[44,131259,76],{"class":62},[20,131261,131262],{},[3563,131263,1031],{},[35,131265,131267],{"className":37,"code":131266,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131268,131269],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131270,131271,131273,131275],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131272,34693],{"class":50},[44,131274,186],{"class":62},[44,131276,9660],{"class":62},[20,131278,131031],{},[35,131280,131282],{"className":37,"code":131281,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131283,131284,131298,131320],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131285,131286,131288,131290,131292,131294,131296],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131287,34514],{"class":50},[44,131289,55],{"class":54},[44,131291,1438],{"class":66},[44,131293,89],{"class":70},[44,131295,3613],{"class":452},[44,131297,3176],{"class":66},[44,131299,131300,131302,131304,131306,131308,131310,131312,131314,131316,131318],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,131301,34514],{"class":50},[44,131303,55],{"class":54},[44,131305,42655],{"class":50},[44,131307,504],{"class":62},[44,131309,129708],{"class":97},[44,131311,63],{"class":62},[44,131313,67],{"class":66},[44,131315,7507],{"class":70},[44,131317,67],{"class":66},[44,131319,76],{"class":62},[44,131321,131322,131324,131326,131328],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,131323,82],{"class":58},[44,131325,63],{"class":62},[44,131327,34535],{"class":97},[44,131329,76],{"class":62},[600,131331,984,131333,131335],{"id":131332},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131334,125988],{}," returns a new string",[20,131337,131338],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[600,131340,131342],{"id":131341},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131344,131345],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131347,131348,131349,131351],{},"Use simple ",[15,131350,3613],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131353,131354,131355,504],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[491,131356,90036],{"href":90035},[30,131358,67525],{"id":67524},[20,131360,131361],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[35,131363,131365],{"className":37,"code":131364,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131366,131367,131377,131391,131420],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131368,131369,131371,131373,131375],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131370,82],{"class":58},[44,131372,63],{"class":62},[44,131374,34535],{"class":97},[44,131376,76],{"class":62},[44,131378,131379,131381,131383,131385,131387,131389],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,131380,82],{"class":58},[44,131382,63],{"class":62},[44,131384,427],{"class":426},[44,131386,63],{"class":62},[44,131388,354],{"class":97},[44,131390,434],{"class":62},[44,131392,131393,131395,131397,131399,131402,131404,131406,131408,131410,131412,131414,131416,131418],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,131394,82],{"class":58},[44,131396,63],{"class":62},[44,131398,67],{"class":66},[44,131400,131401],{"class":70},"Hello ",[44,131403,3613],{"class":452},[44,131405,67],{"class":66},[44,131407,504],{"class":62},[44,131409,129708],{"class":97},[44,131411,63],{"class":62},[44,131413,67],{"class":66},[44,131415,7507],{"class":70},[44,131417,67],{"class":66},[44,131419,434],{"class":62},[44,131421,131422,131424,131426,131428,131430,131432],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,131423,31978],{"class":58},[44,131425,63],{"class":62},[44,131427,473],{"class":426},[44,131429,504],{"class":62},[44,131431,129708],{"class":24579},[44,131433,76],{"class":62},[20,131435,131436],{},"Use them to check:",[126,131438,131439,131442,131445,131448],{},[129,131440,131441],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[129,131443,131444],{},"what type your value has",[129,131446,131447],{},"whether a small test example works",[129,131449,131450,131451],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131452,131453],{},"str.format",[30,131455,1651],{"id":1650},[600,131457,129489,131459,12540],{"id":131458},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131460,125988],{},[20,131462,131463],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[600,131465,131467],{"id":131466},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131469,131470,131471,131473],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131472,3613],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[600,131475,131477,131478,213],{"id":131476},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131479,125988],{},[20,131481,131482,131483,131486],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131484,131485],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[600,131488,14730,131490,131492],{"id":131489},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131491,125988],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131494,131495,131496,131498],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131497,125988],{}," is still useful and common.",[30,131500,1719],{"id":1718},[126,131502,131503,131507,131511,131517,131523],{},[129,131504,131505],{},[491,131506,124740],{"href":50601},[129,131508,131509],{},[491,131510,90313],{"href":89322},[129,131512,131513],{},[491,131514,13,131515,1738],{"href":1753},[15,131516,1756],{},[129,131518,131519],{},[491,131520,13,131521,1738],{"href":41990},[15,131522,47308],{},[129,131524,131525],{},[491,131526,90036],{"href":90035},[1758,131528,131529],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":131531},[131532,131533,131535,131536,131537,131538,131539,131540,131542,131551,131552,131561],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":129775,"depth":79,"text":131534},"What the format() method does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":130056,"depth":79,"text":130057},{"id":130318,"depth":79,"text":130319},{"id":130549,"depth":79,"text":130550},{"id":17247,"depth":79,"text":17248},{"id":130852,"depth":79,"text":131541},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486,"children":131543},[131544,131545,131546,131548,131550],{"id":130973,"depth":419,"text":130974},{"id":131090,"depth":419,"text":131091},{"id":131202,"depth":419,"text":131547},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131332,"depth":419,"text":131549},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131341,"depth":419,"text":131342},{"id":67524,"depth":79,"text":67525},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":131553},[131554,131556,131557,131559],{"id":131458,"depth":419,"text":131555},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131466,"depth":419,"text":131467},{"id":131476,"depth":419,"text":131558},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131489,"depth":419,"text":131560},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129635,"description":131562},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131569,"title":131570,"body":131571,"description":133051,"extension":1796,"meta":133052,"navigation":807,"path":133053,"seo":133054,"stem":133055,"__hash__":133056},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131572,"toc":133023},[131573,131578,131583,131588,131590,131652,131659,131665,131670,131672,131688,131690,131761,131763,131777,131780,131830,131832,131834,131861,131864,131879,131882,131923,131926,131971,131978,132027,132029,132037,132039,132057,132059,132152,132160,132201,132206,132213,132219,132226,132229,132233,132334,132336,132358,132362,132415,132418,132421,132427,132434,132436,132475,132477,132495,132505,132512,132595,132598,132605,132612,132619,132623,132631,132677,132681,132690,132755,132760,132765,132776,132778,132783,132810,132812,132915,132918,132938,132940,132945,132948,132952,132956,132963,132972,132978,132981,132987,132989,132991,133020],[10,131574,122985,131576,11147],{"id":131575},"python-string-index-method",[15,131577,58596],{},[20,131579,122990,131580,131582],{},[15,131581,58596],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131584,131585,131586,504],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131587,1144],{},[30,131589,33],{"id":32},[35,131591,131593],{"className":37,"code":131592,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131594,131595,131607,131629,131639,131643,131647],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131596,131597,131599,131601,131603,131605],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131598,34514],{"class":50},[44,131600,55],{"class":54},[44,131602,1438],{"class":66},[44,131604,60035],{"class":70},[44,131606,3176],{"class":66},[44,131608,131609,131611,131613,131615,131617,131619,131621,131623,131625,131627],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,131610,64549],{"class":50},[44,131612,55],{"class":54},[44,131614,42655],{"class":50},[44,131616,504],{"class":62},[44,131618,35673],{"class":97},[44,131620,63],{"class":62},[44,131622,67],{"class":66},[44,131624,60220],{"class":70},[44,131626,67],{"class":66},[44,131628,76],{"class":62},[44,131630,131631,131633,131635,131637],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,131632,82],{"class":58},[44,131634,63],{"class":62},[44,131636,64576],{"class":97},[44,131638,76],{"class":62},[44,131640,131641],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,131642,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,131644,131645],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,131646,90454],{"class":3483},[44,131648,131649],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,131650,131651],{"class":3483},"# 6\n",[20,131653,103,131654,131656,131657,504],{},[15,131655,58596],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131658,1144],{},[30,131660,113,131662,116],{"id":131661},"what-strindex-does",[15,131663,131664],{},"str.index()",[20,131666,131667,131669],{},[15,131668,131664],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131671,12877],{},[126,131673,131674,131677,131680,131683],{},[129,131675,131676],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[129,131678,131679],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[129,131681,131682],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[129,131684,30120,131685,131687],{},[15,131686,1144],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131689,145],{},[35,131691,131693],{"className":37,"code":131692,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131694,131695,131707,131711,131736],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131696,131697,131699,131701,131703,131705],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131698,34514],{"class":50},[44,131700,55],{"class":54},[44,131702,1438],{"class":66},[44,131704,3912],{"class":70},[44,131706,3176],{"class":66},[44,131708,131709],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,131710,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,131712,131713,131715,131717,131719,131721,131723,131725,131727,131729,131731,131733],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,131714,82],{"class":58},[44,131716,63],{"class":62},[44,131718,34535],{"class":97},[44,131720,504],{"class":62},[44,131722,35673],{"class":97},[44,131724,63],{"class":62},[44,131726,67],{"class":66},[44,131728,491],{"class":70},[44,131730,67],{"class":66},[44,131732,5190],{"class":62},[44,131734,131735],{"class":3483},"     # 1\n",[44,131737,131738,131740,131742,131744,131746,131748,131750,131752,131754,131756,131758],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,131739,82],{"class":58},[44,131741,63],{"class":62},[44,131743,34535],{"class":97},[44,131745,504],{"class":62},[44,131747,35673],{"class":97},[44,131749,63],{"class":62},[44,131751,67],{"class":66},[44,131753,123078],{"class":70},[44,131755,67],{"class":66},[44,131757,5190],{"class":62},[44,131759,131760],{"class":3483},"    # 2\n",[20,131762,2008],{},[126,131764,131765,131771],{},[129,131766,131767,128198,131769],{},[15,131768,17926],{},[15,131770,2807],{},[129,131772,131773,128198,131775],{},[15,131774,128197],{},[15,131776,1889],{},[20,131778,131779],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[35,131781,131783],{"className":37,"code":131782,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,131784,131785,131797,131801,131825],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131786,131787,131789,131791,131793,131795],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131788,34514],{"class":50},[44,131790,55],{"class":54},[44,131792,1438],{"class":66},[44,131794,34693],{"class":70},[44,131796,3176],{"class":66},[44,131798,131799],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,131800,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,131802,131803,131805,131807,131809,131811,131813,131815,131817,131819,131821,131823],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,131804,82],{"class":58},[44,131806,63],{"class":62},[44,131808,34535],{"class":97},[44,131810,504],{"class":62},[44,131812,35673],{"class":97},[44,131814,63],{"class":62},[44,131816,67],{"class":66},[44,131818,50817],{"class":70},[44,131820,67],{"class":66},[44,131822,5190],{"class":62},[44,131824,20596],{"class":3483},[44,131826,131827],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,131828,131829],{"class":3483},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[30,131831,250],{"id":249},[20,131833,1989],{},[35,131835,131837],{"className":37,"code":131836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,131838,131839],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131840,131841,131843,131845,131847,131849,131851,131853,131855,131857,131859],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131842,60803],{"class":50},[44,131844,504],{"class":62},[44,131846,35673],{"class":97},[44,131848,63],{"class":62},[44,131850,354],{"class":97},[44,131852,186],{"class":62},[44,131854,35876],{"class":97},[44,131856,186],{"class":62},[44,131858,64670],{"class":97},[44,131860,76],{"class":62},[20,131862,131863],{},"Parameters:",[126,131865,131866,131870,131874],{},[129,131867,131868,123177],{},[15,131869,354],{},[129,131871,131872,128244],{},[15,131873,35897],{},[129,131875,131876,131878],{},[15,131877,52287],{},": optional stopping position",[20,131880,131881],{},"You can use just the value:",[35,131883,131885],{"className":37,"code":131884,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131886,131887,131899],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131888,131889,131891,131893,131895,131897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131890,34514],{"class":50},[44,131892,55],{"class":54},[44,131894,1438],{"class":66},[44,131896,39],{"class":70},[44,131898,3176],{"class":66},[44,131900,131901,131903,131905,131907,131909,131911,131913,131915,131917,131919,131921],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,131902,82],{"class":58},[44,131904,63],{"class":62},[44,131906,34535],{"class":97},[44,131908,504],{"class":62},[44,131910,35673],{"class":97},[44,131912,63],{"class":62},[44,131914,67],{"class":66},[44,131916,62916],{"class":70},[44,131918,67],{"class":66},[44,131920,5190],{"class":62},[44,131922,51041],{"class":3483},[20,131924,131925],{},"Or include a start position:",[35,131927,131929],{"className":37,"code":131928,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,131930,131931,131943],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131932,131933,131935,131937,131939,131941],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131934,34514],{"class":50},[44,131936,55],{"class":54},[44,131938,1438],{"class":66},[44,131940,3912],{"class":70},[44,131942,3176],{"class":66},[44,131944,131945,131947,131949,131951,131953,131955,131957,131959,131961,131963,131965,131967,131969],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,131946,82],{"class":58},[44,131948,63],{"class":62},[44,131950,34535],{"class":97},[44,131952,504],{"class":62},[44,131954,35673],{"class":97},[44,131956,63],{"class":62},[44,131958,67],{"class":66},[44,131960,491],{"class":70},[44,131962,67],{"class":66},[44,131964,186],{"class":62},[44,131966,2812],{"class":452},[44,131968,5190],{"class":62},[44,131970,50396],{"class":3483},[20,131972,131973,131974,1126,131976,449],{},"Or include both ",[15,131975,35897],{},[15,131977,52287],{},[35,131979,131981],{"className":37,"code":131980,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,131982,131983,131995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131984,131985,131987,131989,131991,131993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131986,34514],{"class":50},[44,131988,55],{"class":54},[44,131990,1438],{"class":66},[44,131992,3912],{"class":70},[44,131994,3176],{"class":66},[44,131996,131997,131999,132001,132003,132005,132007,132009,132011,132013,132015,132017,132019,132021,132023,132025],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,131998,82],{"class":58},[44,132000,63],{"class":62},[44,132002,34535],{"class":97},[44,132004,504],{"class":62},[44,132006,35673],{"class":97},[44,132008,63],{"class":62},[44,132010,67],{"class":66},[44,132012,491],{"class":70},[44,132014,67],{"class":66},[44,132016,186],{"class":62},[44,132018,2812],{"class":452},[44,132020,186],{"class":62},[44,132022,4431],{"class":452},[44,132024,5190],{"class":62},[44,132026,50396],{"class":3483},[30,132028,37846],{"id":37845},[20,132030,28539,132031,132033,132034,504],{},[15,132032,58596],{}," is a ",[3563,132035,132036],{},"zero-based index",[20,132038,1938],{},[126,132040,132041,132047,132052],{},[129,132042,132043,132044,132046],{},"Index ",[15,132045,1951],{}," is the first character",[129,132048,132043,132049,132051],{},[15,132050,2807],{}," is the second character",[129,132053,132043,132054,132056],{},[15,132055,1889],{}," is the third character",[20,132058,145],{},[35,132060,132062],{"className":37,"code":132061,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132063,132064,132076,132080,132104,132128],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132065,132066,132068,132070,132072,132074],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132067,34514],{"class":50},[44,132069,55],{"class":54},[44,132071,1438],{"class":66},[44,132073,36873],{"class":70},[44,132075,3176],{"class":66},[44,132077,132078],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,132079,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,132081,132082,132084,132086,132088,132090,132092,132094,132096,132098,132100,132102],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,132083,82],{"class":58},[44,132085,63],{"class":62},[44,132087,34535],{"class":97},[44,132089,504],{"class":62},[44,132091,35673],{"class":97},[44,132093,63],{"class":62},[44,132095,67],{"class":66},[44,132097,9561],{"class":70},[44,132099,67],{"class":66},[44,132101,5190],{"class":62},[44,132103,50873],{"class":3483},[44,132105,132106,132108,132110,132112,132114,132116,132118,132120,132122,132124,132126],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,132107,82],{"class":58},[44,132109,63],{"class":62},[44,132111,34535],{"class":97},[44,132113,504],{"class":62},[44,132115,35673],{"class":97},[44,132117,63],{"class":62},[44,132119,67],{"class":66},[44,132121,491],{"class":70},[44,132123,67],{"class":66},[44,132125,5190],{"class":62},[44,132127,27610],{"class":3483},[44,132129,132130,132132,132134,132136,132138,132140,132142,132144,132146,132148,132150],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,132131,82],{"class":58},[44,132133,63],{"class":62},[44,132135,34535],{"class":97},[44,132137,504],{"class":62},[44,132139,35673],{"class":97},[44,132141,63],{"class":62},[44,132143,67],{"class":66},[44,132145,62916],{"class":70},[44,132147,67],{"class":66},[44,132149,5190],{"class":62},[44,132151,51041],{"class":3483},[20,132153,132154,132156,132157,132159],{},[15,132155,58596],{}," returns only the ",[3563,132158,29736],{}," matching position.",[35,132161,132163],{"className":37,"code":132162,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132164,132165,132177],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132166,132167,132169,132171,132173,132175],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132168,34514],{"class":50},[44,132170,55],{"class":54},[44,132172,1438],{"class":66},[44,132174,3912],{"class":70},[44,132176,3176],{"class":66},[44,132178,132179,132181,132183,132185,132187,132189,132191,132193,132195,132197,132199],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,132180,82],{"class":58},[44,132182,63],{"class":62},[44,132184,34535],{"class":97},[44,132186,504],{"class":62},[44,132188,35673],{"class":97},[44,132190,63],{"class":62},[44,132192,67],{"class":66},[44,132194,491],{"class":70},[44,132196,67],{"class":66},[44,132198,5190],{"class":62},[44,132200,27610],{"class":3483},[20,132202,20806,132203,132205],{},[15,132204,17926],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132207,132208,132209,504],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[491,132210,132211,10564],{"href":124435},[15,132212,58218],{},[30,132214,8243,132215,1126,132217],{"id":65036},[15,132216,35897],{},[15,132218,52287],{},[20,132220,22,132221,1126,132223,132225],{},[15,132222,35897],{},[15,132224,52287],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132227,132228],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132230,1319,132231,449],{},[15,132232,35897],{},[35,132234,132236],{"className":37,"code":132235,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132237,132238,132250,132254,132278,132306],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132239,132240,132242,132244,132246,132248],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132241,34514],{"class":50},[44,132243,55],{"class":54},[44,132245,1438],{"class":66},[44,132247,3912],{"class":70},[44,132249,3176],{"class":66},[44,132251,132252],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,132253,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,132255,132256,132258,132260,132262,132264,132266,132268,132270,132272,132274,132276],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,132257,82],{"class":58},[44,132259,63],{"class":62},[44,132261,34535],{"class":97},[44,132263,504],{"class":62},[44,132265,35673],{"class":97},[44,132267,63],{"class":62},[44,132269,67],{"class":66},[44,132271,491],{"class":70},[44,132273,67],{"class":66},[44,132275,5190],{"class":62},[44,132277,50746],{"class":3483},[44,132279,132280,132282,132284,132286,132288,132290,132292,132294,132296,132298,132300,132302,132304],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,132281,82],{"class":58},[44,132283,63],{"class":62},[44,132285,34535],{"class":97},[44,132287,504],{"class":62},[44,132289,35673],{"class":97},[44,132291,63],{"class":62},[44,132293,67],{"class":66},[44,132295,491],{"class":70},[44,132297,67],{"class":66},[44,132299,186],{"class":62},[44,132301,2812],{"class":452},[44,132303,5190],{"class":62},[44,132305,50595],{"class":3483},[44,132307,132308,132310,132312,132314,132316,132318,132320,132322,132324,132326,132328,132330,132332],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,132309,82],{"class":58},[44,132311,63],{"class":62},[44,132313,34535],{"class":97},[44,132315,504],{"class":62},[44,132317,35673],{"class":97},[44,132319,63],{"class":62},[44,132321,67],{"class":66},[44,132323,491],{"class":70},[44,132325,67],{"class":66},[44,132327,186],{"class":62},[44,132329,2287],{"class":452},[44,132331,5190],{"class":62},[44,132333,50379],{"class":3483},[20,132335,228],{},[126,132337,132338,132345,132351],{},[129,132339,132340,132341,65226,132343],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132342,17926],{},[15,132344,2807],{},[129,132346,132347,132348,132350],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132349,1889],{}," skips that first match",[129,132352,132347,132353,132355,132356],{},[15,132354,1125],{}," finds the last ",[15,132357,17926],{},[20,132359,1319,132360,449],{},[15,132361,52287],{},[35,132363,132365],{"className":37,"code":132364,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132366,132367,132379,132383],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132368,132369,132371,132373,132375,132377],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132370,34514],{"class":50},[44,132372,55],{"class":54},[44,132374,1438],{"class":66},[44,132376,3912],{"class":70},[44,132378,3176],{"class":66},[44,132380,132381],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,132382,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,132384,132385,132387,132389,132391,132393,132395,132397,132399,132401,132403,132405,132407,132409,132411,132413],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,132386,82],{"class":58},[44,132388,63],{"class":62},[44,132390,34535],{"class":97},[44,132392,504],{"class":62},[44,132394,35673],{"class":97},[44,132396,63],{"class":62},[44,132398,67],{"class":66},[44,132400,75660],{"class":70},[44,132402,67],{"class":66},[44,132404,186],{"class":62},[44,132406,3655],{"class":452},[44,132408,186],{"class":62},[44,132410,2287],{"class":452},[44,132412,5190],{"class":62},[44,132414,51041],{"class":3483},[20,132416,132417],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132419,132420],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[30,132422,44027,132424,132426],{"id":132423},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132425,58596],{}," causes an error",[20,132428,132429,132430,52121,132432,504],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132431,58596],{},[15,132433,1144],{},[20,132435,145],{},[35,132437,132439],{"className":37,"code":132438,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132440,132441,132453],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132442,132443,132445,132447,132449,132451],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132444,34514],{"class":50},[44,132446,55],{"class":54},[44,132448,1438],{"class":66},[44,132450,3667],{"class":70},[44,132452,3176],{"class":66},[44,132454,132455,132457,132459,132461,132463,132465,132467,132469,132471,132473],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,132456,82],{"class":58},[44,132458,63],{"class":62},[44,132460,34535],{"class":97},[44,132462,504],{"class":62},[44,132464,35673],{"class":97},[44,132466,63],{"class":62},[44,132468,67],{"class":66},[44,132470,21905],{"class":70},[44,132472,67],{"class":66},[44,132474,434],{"class":62},[20,132476,1031],{},[35,132478,132480],{"className":37,"code":132479,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132481,132482],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132483,132484,132486,132488,132491,132493],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132485,1144],{"class":426},[44,132487,449],{"class":62},[44,132489,132490],{"class":50}," substring ",[44,132492,4457],{"class":54},[44,132494,65459],{"class":50},[20,132496,52968,132497,125951,132502,132504],{},[491,132498,132499],{"href":129629},[15,132500,132501],{},"str.find()",[15,132503,65484],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132506,132507,132508,1126,132510,449],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132509,1385],{},[15,132511,1450],{},[35,132513,132515],{"className":37,"code":132514,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132516,132517,132529,132533,132539,132562,132572,132580],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132518,132519,132521,132523,132525,132527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132520,34514],{"class":50},[44,132522,55],{"class":54},[44,132524,1438],{"class":66},[44,132526,3667],{"class":70},[44,132528,3176],{"class":66},[44,132530,132531],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,132532,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,132534,132535,132537],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,132536,1385],{"class":1384},[44,132538,1388],{"class":62},[44,132540,132541,132544,132546,132548,132550,132552,132554,132556,132558,132560],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,132542,132543],{"class":50},"    position ",[44,132545,55],{"class":54},[44,132547,42655],{"class":50},[44,132549,504],{"class":62},[44,132551,35673],{"class":97},[44,132553,63],{"class":62},[44,132555,67],{"class":66},[44,132557,21905],{"class":70},[44,132559,67],{"class":66},[44,132561,76],{"class":62},[44,132563,132564,132566,132568,132570],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,132565,1416],{"class":58},[44,132567,63],{"class":62},[44,132569,64576],{"class":97},[44,132571,76],{"class":62},[44,132573,132574,132576,132578],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,132575,1450],{"class":1384},[44,132577,1453],{"class":426},[44,132579,1388],{"class":62},[44,132581,132582,132584,132586,132588,132591,132593],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,132583,1416],{"class":58},[44,132585,63],{"class":62},[44,132587,67],{"class":66},[44,132589,132590],{"class":70},"Substring not found",[44,132592,67],{"class":66},[44,132594,76],{"class":62},[20,132596,132597],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132599,41762,132600,504],{},[491,132601,25509,132603],{"href":132602},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132604,128956],{},[30,132606,132608,10408,132610],{"id":132607},"index-vs-find",[15,132609,58596],{},[15,132611,123980],{},[20,132613,132614,1126,132616,132618],{},[15,132615,58596],{},[15,132617,123980],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[600,132620,132621],{"id":35673},[15,132622,58596],{},[126,132624,132625,132628],{},[129,132626,132627],{},"Returns the first match position",[129,132629,132630],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[35,132632,132634],{"className":37,"code":132633,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132635,132636,132648,132672],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132637,132638,132640,132642,132644,132646],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132639,34514],{"class":50},[44,132641,55],{"class":54},[44,132643,1438],{"class":66},[44,132645,3667],{"class":70},[44,132647,3176],{"class":66},[44,132649,132650,132652,132654,132656,132658,132660,132662,132664,132666,132668,132670],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,132651,82],{"class":58},[44,132653,63],{"class":62},[44,132655,34535],{"class":97},[44,132657,504],{"class":62},[44,132659,35673],{"class":97},[44,132661,63],{"class":62},[44,132663,67],{"class":66},[44,132665,60076],{"class":70},[44,132667,67],{"class":66},[44,132669,5190],{"class":62},[44,132671,27610],{"class":3483},[44,132673,132674],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,132675,132676],{"class":3483},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[600,132678,132679],{"id":128010},[15,132680,123980],{},[126,132682,132683,132685],{},[129,132684,132627],{},[129,132686,11249,132687,132689],{},[15,132688,65484],{}," if nothing is found",[35,132691,132693],{"className":37,"code":132692,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132694,132695,132707,132731],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132696,132697,132699,132701,132703,132705],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132698,34514],{"class":50},[44,132700,55],{"class":54},[44,132702,1438],{"class":66},[44,132704,3667],{"class":70},[44,132706,3176],{"class":66},[44,132708,132709,132711,132713,132715,132717,132719,132721,132723,132725,132727,132729],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,132710,82],{"class":58},[44,132712,63],{"class":62},[44,132714,34535],{"class":97},[44,132716,504],{"class":62},[44,132718,128010],{"class":97},[44,132720,63],{"class":62},[44,132722,67],{"class":66},[44,132724,60076],{"class":70},[44,132726,67],{"class":66},[44,132728,5190],{"class":62},[44,132730,27610],{"class":3483},[44,132732,132733,132735,132737,132739,132741,132743,132745,132747,132749,132751,132753],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,132734,82],{"class":58},[44,132736,63],{"class":62},[44,132738,34535],{"class":97},[44,132740,504],{"class":62},[44,132742,128010],{"class":97},[44,132744,63],{"class":62},[44,132746,67],{"class":66},[44,132748,21905],{"class":70},[44,132750,67],{"class":66},[44,132752,5190],{"class":62},[44,132754,128366],{"class":3483},[20,132756,103,132757,132759],{},[15,132758,58596],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,132761,103,132762,132764],{},[15,132763,123980],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,132766,132767,132768,497,132773,504],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[491,132769,132770,132772],{"href":129629},[15,132771,132501],{}," method reference",[491,132774,127021],{"href":132775},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[30,132777,1486],{"id":1485},[20,132779,132780,132781,449],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,132782,58596],{},[126,132784,132785,132788,132795,132800,132805],{},[129,132786,132787],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[129,132789,8279,132790,8282,132792,132794],{},[15,132791,58596],{},[15,132793,65484],{}," when no match exists",[129,132796,8243,132797,132799],{},[15,132798,58596],{}," on a value that may not be present",[129,132801,132802,132803],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,132804,2807],{},[129,132806,4405,132807,132809],{},[15,132808,58596],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,132811,61924],{},[35,132813,132815],{"className":37,"code":132814,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,132816,132817,132827,132841,132863,132885],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132818,132819,132821,132823,132825],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132820,82],{"class":58},[44,132822,63],{"class":62},[44,132824,34535],{"class":97},[44,132826,76],{"class":62},[44,132828,132829,132831,132833,132835,132837,132839],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,132830,82],{"class":58},[44,132832,63],{"class":62},[44,132834,1231],{"class":58},[44,132836,63],{"class":62},[44,132838,34535],{"class":97},[44,132840,434],{"class":62},[44,132842,132843,132845,132847,132849,132851,132853,132855,132857,132859,132861],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,132844,82],{"class":58},[44,132846,63],{"class":62},[44,132848,34535],{"class":97},[44,132850,504],{"class":62},[44,132852,35673],{"class":97},[44,132854,63],{"class":62},[44,132856,67],{"class":66},[44,132858,354],{"class":70},[44,132860,67],{"class":66},[44,132862,434],{"class":62},[44,132864,132865,132867,132869,132871,132873,132875,132877,132879,132881,132883],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,132866,82],{"class":58},[44,132868,63],{"class":62},[44,132870,34535],{"class":97},[44,132872,504],{"class":62},[44,132874,128010],{"class":97},[44,132876,63],{"class":62},[44,132878,67],{"class":66},[44,132880,354],{"class":70},[44,132882,67],{"class":66},[44,132884,434],{"class":62},[44,132886,132887,132889,132891,132893,132895,132897,132899,132901,132903,132905,132907,132909,132911,132913],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,132888,82],{"class":58},[44,132890,63],{"class":62},[44,132892,34535],{"class":97},[44,132894,504],{"class":62},[44,132896,35673],{"class":97},[44,132898,63],{"class":62},[44,132900,67],{"class":66},[44,132902,354],{"class":70},[44,132904,67],{"class":66},[44,132906,186],{"class":62},[44,132908,35876],{"class":97},[44,132910,186],{"class":62},[44,132912,64670],{"class":97},[44,132914,434],{"class":62},[20,132916,132917],{},"Tips:",[126,132919,132920,132925,132930,132933],{},[129,132921,103,132922,132924],{},[15,132923,125907],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[129,132926,103,132927,132929],{},[15,132928,123980],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[129,132931,132932],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[129,132934,132935,132936],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,132937,1951],{},[30,132939,1651],{"id":1650},[600,132941,129489,132943,12540],{"id":132942},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,132944,58596],{},[20,132946,132947],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[600,132949,132951],{"id":132950},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,132953,76488,132954,504],{},[15,132955,1144],{},[600,132957,5007,132959,1126,132961,213],{"id":132958},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,132960,58596],{},[15,132962,123980],{},[20,132964,132965,132967,132968,2228,132970,6461],{},[15,132966,58596],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,132969,123980],{},[15,132971,65484],{},[600,132973,4997,132975,132977],{"id":132974},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,132976,58596],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,132979,132980],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[600,132982,132984,132985,124321],{"id":132983},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,132986,58596],{},[20,132988,129514],{},[30,132990,1719],{"id":1718},[126,132992,132993,132999,133003,133008,133014],{},[129,132994,132995],{},[491,132996,132997,10564],{"href":129629},[15,132998,132501],{},[129,133000,133001],{},[491,133002,124384],{"href":132775},[129,133004,133005],{},[491,133006,129590],{"href":133007},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[129,133009,133010],{},[491,133011,133012,10564],{"href":124435},[15,133013,58218],{},[129,133015,133016],{},[491,133017,30174,133018],{"href":132602},[15,133019,128956],{},[1758,133021,133022],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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an error",{"id":132607,"depth":79,"text":133034,"children":133035},"index() vs find()",[133036,133037],{"id":35673,"depth":419,"text":58596},{"id":128010,"depth":419,"text":123980},{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":133040},[133041,133043,133044,133046,133048],{"id":132942,"depth":419,"text":133042},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":132950,"depth":419,"text":132951},{"id":132958,"depth":419,"text":133045},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":132974,"depth":419,"text":133047},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":132983,"depth":419,"text":133049},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131570,"description":133051},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133058,"title":133059,"body":133060,"description":135835,"extension":1796,"meta":135836,"navigation":807,"path":135837,"seo":135838,"stem":135839,"__hash__":135840},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133061,"toc":135771},[133062,133068,133073,133076,133079,133090,133092,133161,133163,133177,133182,133187,133192,133194,133237,133239,133322,133324,133370,133376,133378,133380,133400,133402,133425,133427,133501,133503,133522,133527,133529,133533,133605,133607,133621,133625,133701,133703,133722,133726,133820,133822,133831,133838,133914,133916,133934,133938,133941,133948,133997,133999,134008,134015,134074,134076,134094,134097,134104,134163,134165,134183,134190,134247,134249,134258,134262,134267,134271,134330,134332,134350,134354,134401,134406,134409,134478,134480,134497,134504,134510,134565,134570,134573,134650,134652,134670,134676,134682,134742,134744,134763,134769,134772,134779,134832,134837,134839,134900,134909,134916,134918,134975,134980,134982,135053,135057,135112,135114,135123,135128,135134,135203,135205,135237,135243,135251,135258,135264,135329,135331,135340,135346,135427,135429,135438,135443,135457,135464,135468,135473,135501,135503,135636,135639,135676,135678,135684,135693,135698,135701,135706,135711,135717,135720,135729,135732,135734,135763,135768],[10,133063,122985,133065,11147],{"id":133064},"python-string-join-method",[15,133066,133067],{},"join()",[20,133069,122990,133070,133072],{},[15,133071,133067],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133074,133075],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133077,133078],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[126,133080,133081,133087],{},[129,133082,133083,133084,133086],{},"You call ",[15,133085,133067],{}," on the separator string",[129,133088,133089],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[30,133091,3425],{"id":3424},[35,133093,133095],{"className":37,"code":133094,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133096,133097,133130,133151],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133098,133099,133101,133103,133105,133107,133109,133111,133113,133115,133117,133119,133121,133123,133126,133128],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133100,3894],{"class":50},[44,133102,55],{"class":54},[44,133104,3440],{"class":62},[44,133106,67],{"class":66},[44,133108,7127],{"class":70},[44,133110,67],{"class":66},[44,133112,186],{"class":62},[44,133114,1438],{"class":66},[44,133116,206],{"class":70},[44,133118,67],{"class":66},[44,133120,186],{"class":62},[44,133122,1438],{"class":66},[44,133124,133125],{"class":70},"fun",[44,133127,67],{"class":66},[44,133129,3453],{"class":62},[44,133131,133132,133134,133136,133138,133140,133142,133145,133147,133149],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,133133,2059],{"class":50},[44,133135,55],{"class":54},[44,133137,1438],{"class":66},[44,133139,1438],{"class":66},[44,133141,504],{"class":62},[44,133143,133144],{"class":97},"join",[44,133146,63],{"class":62},[44,133148,3938],{"class":97},[44,133150,76],{"class":62},[44,133152,133153,133155,133157,133159],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,133154,82],{"class":58},[44,133156,63],{"class":62},[44,133158,2094],{"class":97},[44,133160,76],{"class":62},[20,133162,1031],{},[35,133164,133166],{"className":37,"code":133165,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python is fun\n",[15,133167,133168],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133169,133170,133172,133174],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133171,13],{"class":50},[44,133173,206],{"class":54},[44,133175,133176],{"class":50}," fun\n",[20,133178,103,133179,133181],{},[15,133180,133067],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[30,133183,113,133185,116],{"id":133184},"what-join-does",[15,133186,133067],{},[20,133188,133189,133191],{},[15,133190,133067],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133193,273],{},[126,133195,133196,133203,133231,133234],{},[129,133197,133198,133199,133202],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133200,133201],{},".join()"," as the separator",[129,133204,133205,133206],{},"Common separators are:\n",[126,133207,133208,133214,133220,133226],{},[129,133209,133210,133213],{},[15,133211,133212],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[129,133215,133216,133219],{},[15,133217,133218],{},"\", \""," for commas",[129,133221,133222,133225],{},[15,133223,133224],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[129,133227,133228,133230],{},[15,133229,6101],{}," for no separator",[129,133232,133233],{},"It returns a new string",[129,133235,133236],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133238,145],{},[35,133240,133242],{"className":37,"code":133241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133243,133244,133276,133298,133302,133312],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133245,133246,133248,133250,133252,133254,133256,133258,133260,133262,133264,133266,133268,133270,133272,133274],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133247,3894],{"class":50},[44,133249,55],{"class":54},[44,133251,3440],{"class":62},[44,133253,67],{"class":66},[44,133255,12918],{"class":70},[44,133257,67],{"class":66},[44,133259,186],{"class":62},[44,133261,1438],{"class":66},[44,133263,17285],{"class":70},[44,133265,67],{"class":66},[44,133267,186],{"class":62},[44,133269,1438],{"class":66},[44,133271,12935],{"class":70},[44,133273,67],{"class":66},[44,133275,3453],{"class":62},[44,133277,133278,133280,133282,133284,133286,133288,133290,133292,133294,133296],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,133279,2059],{"class":50},[44,133281,55],{"class":54},[44,133283,1438],{"class":66},[44,133285,2018],{"class":70},[44,133287,67],{"class":66},[44,133289,504],{"class":62},[44,133291,133144],{"class":97},[44,133293,63],{"class":62},[44,133295,3938],{"class":97},[44,133297,76],{"class":62},[44,133299,133300],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,133301,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,133303,133304,133306,133308,133310],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,133305,82],{"class":58},[44,133307,63],{"class":62},[44,133309,2094],{"class":97},[44,133311,76],{"class":62},[44,133313,133314,133316,133318,133320],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,133315,82],{"class":58},[44,133317,63],{"class":62},[44,133319,3938],{"class":97},[44,133321,76],{"class":62},[20,133323,1031],{},[35,133325,133327],{"className":37,"code":133326,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133328,133329,133342],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133330,133331,133333,133335,133338,133340],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133332,12918],{"class":50},[44,133334,186],{"class":62},[44,133336,133337],{"class":50}," green",[44,133339,186],{"class":62},[44,133341,216],{"class":50},[44,133343,133344,133346,133348,133350,133352,133354,133356,133358,133360,133362,133364,133366,133368],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,133345,3723],{"class":62},[44,133347,476],{"class":66},[44,133349,12918],{"class":70},[44,133351,476],{"class":66},[44,133353,186],{"class":62},[44,133355,470],{"class":66},[44,133357,17285],{"class":70},[44,133359,476],{"class":66},[44,133361,186],{"class":62},[44,133363,470],{"class":66},[44,133365,12935],{"class":70},[44,133367,476],{"class":66},[44,133369,3453],{"class":62},[20,133371,133372,133373,133375],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133374,133067],{}," creates a new string.",[30,133377,250],{"id":249},[20,133379,253],{},[35,133381,133383],{"className":37,"code":133382,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133384,133385],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133386,133387,133390,133392,133394,133396,133398],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133388,133389],{"class":50},"separator",[44,133391,504],{"class":62},[44,133393,133144],{"class":97},[44,133395,63],{"class":62},[44,133397,3540],{"class":97},[44,133399,76],{"class":62},[600,133401,48635],{"id":48634},[126,133403,133404,133417,133422],{},[129,133405,133406,133408,133409,2018,133411,2018,133413,2022,133415],{},[15,133407,133389],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133410,133212],{},[15,133412,133218],{},[15,133414,133224],{},[15,133416,6101],{},[129,133418,133419,133421],{},[15,133420,3540],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[129,133423,133424],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133426,145],{},[35,133428,133430],{"className":37,"code":133429,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133431,133432,133464,133487,133491],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133433,133434,133436,133438,133440,133442,133444,133446,133448,133450,133452,133454,133456,133458,133460,133462],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133435,4822],{"class":50},[44,133437,55],{"class":54},[44,133439,3440],{"class":62},[44,133441,67],{"class":66},[44,133443,12705],{"class":70},[44,133445,67],{"class":66},[44,133447,186],{"class":62},[44,133449,1438],{"class":66},[44,133451,35766],{"class":70},[44,133453,67],{"class":66},[44,133455,186],{"class":62},[44,133457,1438],{"class":66},[44,133459,35775],{"class":70},[44,133461,67],{"class":66},[44,133463,3453],{"class":62},[44,133465,133466,133468,133470,133472,133475,133477,133479,133481,133483,133485],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,133467,2059],{"class":50},[44,133469,55],{"class":54},[44,133471,1438],{"class":66},[44,133473,133474],{"class":70}," | ",[44,133476,67],{"class":66},[44,133478,504],{"class":62},[44,133480,133144],{"class":97},[44,133482,63],{"class":62},[44,133484,4866],{"class":97},[44,133486,76],{"class":62},[44,133488,133489],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,133490,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,133492,133493,133495,133497,133499],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,133494,82],{"class":58},[44,133496,63],{"class":62},[44,133498,2094],{"class":97},[44,133500,76],{"class":62},[20,133502,1031],{},[35,133504,133506],{"className":37,"code":133505,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133507,133508],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133509,133510,133513,133515,133518,133520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133511,133512],{"class":50},"Ana ",[44,133514,113492],{"class":54},[44,133516,133517],{"class":50}," Ben ",[44,133519,113492],{"class":54},[44,133521,35846],{"class":50},[20,133523,133524,133525,504],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[491,133526,124740],{"href":50601},[30,133528,121516],{"id":121515},[600,133530,133532],{"id":133531},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[35,133534,133536],{"className":37,"code":133535,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133537,133538,133571,133591,133595],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133539,133540,133542,133544,133546,133548,133550,133552,133554,133556,133558,133560,133562,133564,133567,133569],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133541,3894],{"class":50},[44,133543,55],{"class":54},[44,133545,3440],{"class":62},[44,133547,67],{"class":66},[44,133549,7127],{"class":70},[44,133551,67],{"class":66},[44,133553,186],{"class":62},[44,133555,1438],{"class":66},[44,133557,206],{"class":70},[44,133559,67],{"class":66},[44,133561,186],{"class":62},[44,133563,1438],{"class":66},[44,133565,133566],{"class":70},"easy",[44,133568,67],{"class":66},[44,133570,3453],{"class":62},[44,133572,133573,133575,133577,133579,133581,133583,133585,133587,133589],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,133574,2059],{"class":50},[44,133576,55],{"class":54},[44,133578,1438],{"class":66},[44,133580,1438],{"class":66},[44,133582,504],{"class":62},[44,133584,133144],{"class":97},[44,133586,63],{"class":62},[44,133588,3938],{"class":97},[44,133590,76],{"class":62},[44,133592,133593],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,133594,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,133596,133597,133599,133601,133603],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,133598,82],{"class":58},[44,133600,63],{"class":62},[44,133602,2094],{"class":97},[44,133604,76],{"class":62},[20,133606,1031],{},[35,133608,133610],{"className":37,"code":133609,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python is easy\n",[15,133611,133612],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133613,133614,133616,133618],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133615,13],{"class":50},[44,133617,206],{"class":54},[44,133619,133620],{"class":50}," easy\n",[600,133622,133624],{"id":133623},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[35,133626,133628],{"className":37,"code":133627,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133629,133630,133665,133687,133691],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133631,133632,133634,133636,133638,133640,133643,133645,133647,133649,133652,133654,133656,133658,133661,133663],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133633,7609],{"class":50},[44,133635,55],{"class":54},[44,133637,3440],{"class":62},[44,133639,67],{"class":66},[44,133641,133642],{"class":70},"apples",[44,133644,67],{"class":66},[44,133646,186],{"class":62},[44,133648,1438],{"class":66},[44,133650,133651],{"class":70},"bananas",[44,133653,67],{"class":66},[44,133655,186],{"class":62},[44,133657,1438],{"class":66},[44,133659,133660],{"class":70},"oranges",[44,133662,67],{"class":66},[44,133664,3453],{"class":62},[44,133666,133667,133669,133671,133673,133675,133677,133679,133681,133683,133685],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,133668,2059],{"class":50},[44,133670,55],{"class":54},[44,133672,1438],{"class":66},[44,133674,2018],{"class":70},[44,133676,67],{"class":66},[44,133678,504],{"class":62},[44,133680,133144],{"class":97},[44,133682,63],{"class":62},[44,133684,7640],{"class":97},[44,133686,76],{"class":62},[44,133688,133689],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,133690,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,133692,133693,133695,133697,133699],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,133694,82],{"class":58},[44,133696,63],{"class":62},[44,133698,2094],{"class":97},[44,133700,76],{"class":62},[20,133702,1031],{},[35,133704,133706],{"className":37,"code":133705,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133707,133708],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133709,133710,133712,133714,133717,133719],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133711,133642],{"class":50},[44,133713,186],{"class":62},[44,133715,133716],{"class":50}," bananas",[44,133718,186],{"class":62},[44,133720,133721],{"class":50}," oranges\n",[600,133723,133725],{"id":133724},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[35,133727,133729],{"className":37,"code":133728,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133730,133731,133788,133806,133810],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133732,133733,133735,133737,133739,133741,133744,133746,133748,133750,133752,133754,133756,133758,133760,133762,133764,133766,133768,133770,133772,133774,133776,133778,133780,133782,133784,133786],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133734,35915],{"class":50},[44,133736,55],{"class":54},[44,133738,3440],{"class":62},[44,133740,67],{"class":66},[44,133742,133743],{"class":70},"P",[44,133745,67],{"class":66},[44,133747,186],{"class":62},[44,133749,1438],{"class":66},[44,133751,11570],{"class":70},[44,133753,67],{"class":66},[44,133755,186],{"class":62},[44,133757,1438],{"class":66},[44,133759,62916],{"class":70},[44,133761,67],{"class":66},[44,133763,186],{"class":62},[44,133765,1438],{"class":66},[44,133767,60067],{"class":70},[44,133769,67],{"class":66},[44,133771,186],{"class":62},[44,133773,1438],{"class":66},[44,133775,60102],{"class":70},[44,133777,67],{"class":66},[44,133779,186],{"class":62},[44,133781,1438],{"class":66},[44,133783,75660],{"class":70},[44,133785,67],{"class":66},[44,133787,3453],{"class":62},[44,133789,133790,133792,133794,133796,133798,133800,133802,133804],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,133791,2059],{"class":50},[44,133793,55],{"class":54},[44,133795,5955],{"class":66},[44,133797,504],{"class":62},[44,133799,133144],{"class":97},[44,133801,63],{"class":62},[44,133803,35968],{"class":97},[44,133805,76],{"class":62},[44,133807,133808],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,133809,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,133811,133812,133814,133816,133818],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,133813,82],{"class":58},[44,133815,63],{"class":62},[44,133817,2094],{"class":97},[44,133819,76],{"class":62},[20,133821,1031],{},[35,133823,133825],{"className":37,"code":133824,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python\n",[15,133826,133827],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133828,133829],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133830,133824],{"class":50},[600,133832,133834,133835,133837],{"id":133833},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,133836,133067],{}," returns the result",[35,133839,133841],{"className":37,"code":133840,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,133842,133843,133876,133899,133903],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133844,133845,133847,133849,133851,133853,133855,133857,133859,133861,133863,133865,133867,133869,133872,133874],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133846,3894],{"class":50},[44,133848,55],{"class":54},[44,133850,3440],{"class":62},[44,133852,67],{"class":66},[44,133854,6415],{"class":70},[44,133856,67],{"class":66},[44,133858,186],{"class":62},[44,133860,1438],{"class":66},[44,133862,78901],{"class":70},[44,133864,67],{"class":66},[44,133866,186],{"class":62},[44,133868,1438],{"class":66},[44,133870,133871],{"class":70},"three",[44,133873,67],{"class":66},[44,133875,3453],{"class":62},[44,133877,133878,133881,133883,133885,133887,133889,133891,133893,133895,133897],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,133879,133880],{"class":50},"joined_text ",[44,133882,55],{"class":54},[44,133884,1438],{"class":66},[44,133886,1854],{"class":70},[44,133888,67],{"class":66},[44,133890,504],{"class":62},[44,133892,133144],{"class":97},[44,133894,63],{"class":62},[44,133896,3938],{"class":97},[44,133898,76],{"class":62},[44,133900,133901],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,133902,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,133904,133905,133907,133909,133912],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,133906,82],{"class":58},[44,133908,63],{"class":62},[44,133910,133911],{"class":97},"joined_text",[44,133913,76],{"class":62},[20,133915,1031],{},[35,133917,133919],{"className":37,"code":133918,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"one-two-three\n",[15,133920,133921],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133922,133923,133925,133927,133929,133931],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133924,6415],{"class":50},[44,133926,1854],{"class":54},[44,133928,78901],{"class":50},[44,133930,1854],{"class":54},[44,133932,133933],{"class":50},"three\n",[30,133935,133937],{"id":133936},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,133939,133940],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[600,133942,133944,133947],{"id":133943},"join-adds-spaces",[15,133945,133946],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[35,133949,133951],{"className":37,"code":133950,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,133952,133953,133977],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133954,133955,133957,133959,133961,133963,133965,133967,133969,133971,133973,133975],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133956,3894],{"class":50},[44,133958,55],{"class":54},[44,133960,3440],{"class":62},[44,133962,67],{"class":66},[44,133964,3667],{"class":70},[44,133966,67],{"class":66},[44,133968,186],{"class":62},[44,133970,1438],{"class":66},[44,133972,60220],{"class":70},[44,133974,67],{"class":66},[44,133976,3453],{"class":62},[44,133978,133979,133981,133983,133985,133987,133989,133991,133993,133995],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,133980,82],{"class":58},[44,133982,63],{"class":62},[44,133984,67],{"class":66},[44,133986,1438],{"class":66},[44,133988,504],{"class":62},[44,133990,133144],{"class":97},[44,133992,63],{"class":62},[44,133994,3938],{"class":97},[44,133996,434],{"class":62},[20,133998,1031],{},[35,134000,134002],{"className":37,"code":134001,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello world\n",[15,134003,134004],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134005,134006],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134007,134001],{"class":50},[600,134009,134011,134014],{"id":134010},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134012,134013],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[35,134016,134018],{"className":37,"code":134017,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134019,134020,134052],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134021,134022,134024,134026,134028,134030,134032,134034,134036,134038,134040,134042,134044,134046,134048,134050],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134023,12901],{"class":50},[44,134025,55],{"class":54},[44,134027,3440],{"class":62},[44,134029,67],{"class":66},[44,134031,12918],{"class":70},[44,134033,67],{"class":66},[44,134035,186],{"class":62},[44,134037,1438],{"class":66},[44,134039,12935],{"class":70},[44,134041,67],{"class":66},[44,134043,186],{"class":62},[44,134045,1438],{"class":66},[44,134047,17285],{"class":70},[44,134049,67],{"class":66},[44,134051,3453],{"class":62},[44,134053,134054,134056,134058,134060,134062,134064,134066,134068,134070,134072],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,134055,82],{"class":58},[44,134057,63],{"class":62},[44,134059,67],{"class":66},[44,134061,2018],{"class":70},[44,134063,67],{"class":66},[44,134065,504],{"class":62},[44,134067,133144],{"class":97},[44,134069,63],{"class":62},[44,134071,17332],{"class":97},[44,134073,434],{"class":62},[20,134075,1031],{},[35,134077,134079],{"className":37,"code":134078,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134080,134081],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134082,134083,134085,134087,134090,134092],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134084,12918],{"class":50},[44,134086,186],{"class":62},[44,134088,134089],{"class":50}," blue",[44,134091,186],{"class":62},[44,134093,35700],{"class":50},[20,134095,134096],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[600,134098,134100,134103],{"id":134099},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134101,134102],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[35,134105,134107],{"className":37,"code":134106,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134108,134109,134141],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134110,134111,134113,134115,134117,134119,134121,134123,134125,134127,134129,134131,134133,134135,134137,134139],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134112,42650],{"class":50},[44,134114,55],{"class":54},[44,134116,3440],{"class":62},[44,134118,67],{"class":66},[44,134120,39],{"class":70},[44,134122,67],{"class":66},[44,134124,186],{"class":62},[44,134126,1438],{"class":66},[44,134128,60803],{"class":70},[44,134130,67],{"class":66},[44,134132,186],{"class":62},[44,134134,1438],{"class":66},[44,134136,133144],{"class":70},[44,134138,67],{"class":66},[44,134140,3453],{"class":62},[44,134142,134143,134145,134147,134149,134151,134153,134155,134157,134159,134161],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,134144,82],{"class":58},[44,134146,63],{"class":62},[44,134148,67],{"class":66},[44,134150,1854],{"class":70},[44,134152,67],{"class":66},[44,134154,504],{"class":62},[44,134156,133144],{"class":97},[44,134158,63],{"class":62},[44,134160,42682],{"class":97},[44,134162,434],{"class":62},[20,134164,1031],{},[35,134166,134168],{"className":37,"code":134167,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"python-string-join\n",[15,134169,134170],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134171,134172,134174,134176,134178,134180],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134173,39],{"class":50},[44,134175,1854],{"class":54},[44,134177,60803],{"class":50},[44,134179,1854],{"class":54},[44,134181,134182],{"class":50},"join\n",[600,134184,134186,134189],{"id":134185},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134187,134188],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[35,134191,134193],{"className":37,"code":134192,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134194,134195,134228],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134196,134197,134199,134201,134203,134205,134207,134209,134211,134213,134215,134217,134219,134221,134224,134226],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134198,112564],{"class":50},[44,134200,55],{"class":54},[44,134202,3440],{"class":62},[44,134204,67],{"class":66},[44,134206,22073],{"class":70},[44,134208,67],{"class":66},[44,134210,186],{"class":62},[44,134212,1438],{"class":66},[44,134214,30427],{"class":70},[44,134216,67],{"class":66},[44,134218,186],{"class":62},[44,134220,1438],{"class":66},[44,134222,134223],{"class":70},"C",[44,134225,67],{"class":66},[44,134227,3453],{"class":62},[44,134229,134230,134232,134234,134236,134238,134240,134242,134245],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,134231,82],{"class":58},[44,134233,63],{"class":62},[44,134235,6101],{"class":66},[44,134237,504],{"class":62},[44,134239,133144],{"class":97},[44,134241,63],{"class":62},[44,134243,134244],{"class":97},"chars",[44,134246,434],{"class":62},[20,134248,1031],{},[35,134250,134252],{"className":37,"code":134251,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ABC\n",[15,134253,134254],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134255,134256],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134257,134251],{"class":34279},[30,134259,134261],{"id":134260},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134263,134264,134266],{},[15,134265,133067],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[600,134268,134270],{"id":134269},"this-works","This works",[35,134272,134274],{"className":37,"code":134273,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134275,134276,134308],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134277,134278,134280,134282,134284,134286,134288,134290,134292,134294,134296,134298,134300,134302,134304,134306],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134279,3644],{"class":50},[44,134281,55],{"class":54},[44,134283,3440],{"class":62},[44,134285,67],{"class":66},[44,134287,2161],{"class":70},[44,134289,67],{"class":66},[44,134291,186],{"class":62},[44,134293,1438],{"class":66},[44,134295,15582],{"class":70},[44,134297,67],{"class":66},[44,134299,186],{"class":62},[44,134301,1438],{"class":66},[44,134303,36667],{"class":70},[44,134305,67],{"class":66},[44,134307,3453],{"class":62},[44,134309,134310,134312,134314,134316,134318,134320,134322,134324,134326,134328],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,134311,82],{"class":58},[44,134313,63],{"class":62},[44,134315,67],{"class":66},[44,134317,2018],{"class":70},[44,134319,67],{"class":66},[44,134321,504],{"class":62},[44,134323,133144],{"class":97},[44,134325,63],{"class":62},[44,134327,5187],{"class":97},[44,134329,434],{"class":62},[20,134331,1031],{},[35,134333,134335],{"className":37,"code":134334,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134336,134337],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134338,134339,134341,134343,134345,134347],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134340,2161],{"class":452},[44,134342,186],{"class":62},[44,134344,7620],{"class":452},[44,134346,186],{"class":62},[44,134348,134349],{"class":452}," 30\n",[600,134351,134353],{"id":134352},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[35,134355,134357],{"className":37,"code":134356,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134358,134359,134379],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134360,134361,134363,134365,134367,134369,134371,134373,134375,134377],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134362,3644],{"class":50},[44,134364,55],{"class":54},[44,134366,3440],{"class":62},[44,134368,2807],{"class":452},[44,134370,186],{"class":62},[44,134372,2812],{"class":452},[44,134374,186],{"class":62},[44,134376,2282],{"class":452},[44,134378,3453],{"class":62},[44,134380,134381,134383,134385,134387,134389,134391,134393,134395,134397,134399],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,134382,82],{"class":58},[44,134384,63],{"class":62},[44,134386,67],{"class":66},[44,134388,2018],{"class":70},[44,134390,67],{"class":66},[44,134392,504],{"class":62},[44,134394,133144],{"class":97},[44,134396,63],{"class":62},[44,134398,5187],{"class":97},[44,134400,434],{"class":62},[20,134402,89941,134403,134405],{},[15,134404,2825],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134407,134408],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[35,134410,134412],{"className":37,"code":134411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134413,134414,134434,134464,134468],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134415,134416,134418,134420,134422,134424,134426,134428,134430,134432],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134417,3644],{"class":50},[44,134419,55],{"class":54},[44,134421,3440],{"class":62},[44,134423,2807],{"class":452},[44,134425,186],{"class":62},[44,134427,2812],{"class":452},[44,134429,186],{"class":62},[44,134431,2282],{"class":452},[44,134433,3453],{"class":62},[44,134435,134436,134438,134440,134442,134444,134446,134448,134450,134452,134454,134456,134458,134460,134462],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,134437,2059],{"class":50},[44,134439,55],{"class":54},[44,134441,1438],{"class":66},[44,134443,2018],{"class":70},[44,134445,67],{"class":66},[44,134447,504],{"class":62},[44,134449,133144],{"class":97},[44,134451,63],{"class":62},[44,134453,39685],{"class":58},[44,134455,63],{"class":62},[44,134457,473],{"class":426},[44,134459,186],{"class":62},[44,134461,3708],{"class":97},[44,134463,434],{"class":62},[44,134465,134466],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,134467,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,134469,134470,134472,134474,134476],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,134471,82],{"class":58},[44,134473,63],{"class":62},[44,134475,2094],{"class":97},[44,134477,76],{"class":62},[20,134479,1031],{},[35,134481,134483],{"className":37,"code":134482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134484,134485],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134486,134487,134489,134491,134493,134495],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134488,2807],{"class":452},[44,134490,186],{"class":62},[44,134492,2812],{"class":452},[44,134494,186],{"class":62},[44,134496,856],{"class":452},[20,134498,134499,134500,504],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[491,134501,13,134502,1738],{"href":41990},[15,134503,47308],{},[600,134505,134507,134509],{"id":134506},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134508,3599],{}," values do not work directly",[35,134511,134513],{"className":37,"code":134512,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134514,134515,134543],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134516,134517,134519,134521,134523,134525,134527,134529,134531,134533,134535,134537,134539,134541],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134518,3644],{"class":50},[44,134520,55],{"class":54},[44,134522,3440],{"class":62},[44,134524,67],{"class":66},[44,134526,3903],{"class":70},[44,134528,67],{"class":66},[44,134530,186],{"class":62},[44,134532,3675],{"class":3674},[44,134534,186],{"class":62},[44,134536,1438],{"class":66},[44,134538,3912],{"class":70},[44,134540,67],{"class":66},[44,134542,3453],{"class":62},[44,134544,134545,134547,134549,134551,134553,134555,134557,134559,134561,134563],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,134546,82],{"class":58},[44,134548,63],{"class":62},[44,134550,67],{"class":66},[44,134552,2018],{"class":70},[44,134554,67],{"class":66},[44,134556,504],{"class":62},[44,134558,133144],{"class":97},[44,134560,63],{"class":62},[44,134562,5187],{"class":97},[44,134564,434],{"class":62},[20,134566,134567,134568,504],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134569,2825],{},[20,134571,134572],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[35,134574,134576],{"className":37,"code":134575,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134577,134578,134606,134636,134640],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134579,134580,134582,134584,134586,134588,134590,134592,134594,134596,134598,134600,134602,134604],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134581,3644],{"class":50},[44,134583,55],{"class":54},[44,134585,3440],{"class":62},[44,134587,67],{"class":66},[44,134589,3903],{"class":70},[44,134591,67],{"class":66},[44,134593,186],{"class":62},[44,134595,3675],{"class":3674},[44,134597,186],{"class":62},[44,134599,1438],{"class":66},[44,134601,3912],{"class":70},[44,134603,67],{"class":66},[44,134605,3453],{"class":62},[44,134607,134608,134610,134612,134614,134616,134618,134620,134622,134624,134626,134628,134630,134632,134634],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,134609,2059],{"class":50},[44,134611,55],{"class":54},[44,134613,1438],{"class":66},[44,134615,2018],{"class":70},[44,134617,67],{"class":66},[44,134619,504],{"class":62},[44,134621,133144],{"class":97},[44,134623,63],{"class":62},[44,134625,39685],{"class":58},[44,134627,63],{"class":62},[44,134629,473],{"class":426},[44,134631,186],{"class":62},[44,134633,3708],{"class":97},[44,134635,434],{"class":62},[44,134637,134638],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,134639,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,134641,134642,134644,134646,134648],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,134643,82],{"class":58},[44,134645,63],{"class":62},[44,134647,2094],{"class":97},[44,134649,76],{"class":62},[20,134651,1031],{},[35,134653,134655],{"className":37,"code":134654,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134656,134657],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134658,134659,134661,134663,134665,134667],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134660,3903],{"class":50},[44,134662,186],{"class":62},[44,134664,3675],{"class":3674},[44,134666,186],{"class":62},[44,134668,134669],{"class":50}," banana\n",[20,134671,134672,134673,134675],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134674,3599],{}," values instead of converting them.",[600,134677,134679,134681],{"id":134678},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134680,133067],{}," also works with tuples",[35,134683,134685],{"className":37,"code":134684,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134686,134687,134719],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134688,134689,134691,134693,134695,134697,134699,134701,134703,134705,134707,134709,134711,134713,134715,134717],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134690,4822],{"class":50},[44,134692,55],{"class":54},[44,134694,9058],{"class":62},[44,134696,67],{"class":66},[44,134698,7507],{"class":70},[44,134700,67],{"class":66},[44,134702,186],{"class":62},[44,134704,1438],{"class":66},[44,134706,131073],{"class":70},[44,134708,67],{"class":66},[44,134710,186],{"class":62},[44,134712,1438],{"class":66},[44,134714,7751],{"class":70},[44,134716,67],{"class":66},[44,134718,76],{"class":62},[44,134720,134721,134723,134725,134727,134730,134732,134734,134736,134738,134740],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,134722,82],{"class":58},[44,134724,63],{"class":62},[44,134726,67],{"class":66},[44,134728,134729],{"class":70}," \u002F ",[44,134731,67],{"class":66},[44,134733,504],{"class":62},[44,134735,133144],{"class":97},[44,134737,63],{"class":62},[44,134739,4866],{"class":97},[44,134741,434],{"class":62},[20,134743,1031],{},[35,134745,134747],{"className":37,"code":134746,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,134748,134749],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134750,134751,134754,134756,134759,134761],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134752,134753],{"class":50},"Sam ",[44,134755,126877],{"class":54},[44,134757,134758],{"class":50}," Lee ",[44,134760,126877],{"class":54},[44,134762,22162],{"class":50},[30,134764,134766,134767],{"id":134765},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,134768,133067],{},[20,134770,134771],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[600,134773,134775,134776,134778],{"id":134774},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,134777,2825],{}," because not all items are strings",[35,134780,134782],{"className":37,"code":134781,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,134783,134784,134812],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134785,134786,134788,134790,134792,134794,134796,134798,134800,134802,134804,134806,134808,134810],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134787,7609],{"class":50},[44,134789,55],{"class":54},[44,134791,3440],{"class":62},[44,134793,67],{"class":66},[44,134795,491],{"class":70},[44,134797,67],{"class":66},[44,134799,186],{"class":62},[44,134801,2812],{"class":452},[44,134803,186],{"class":62},[44,134805,1438],{"class":66},[44,134807,9561],{"class":70},[44,134809,67],{"class":66},[44,134811,3453],{"class":62},[44,134813,134814,134816,134818,134820,134822,134824,134826,134828,134830],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,134815,82],{"class":58},[44,134817,63],{"class":62},[44,134819,67],{"class":66},[44,134821,1438],{"class":66},[44,134823,504],{"class":62},[44,134825,133144],{"class":97},[44,134827,63],{"class":62},[44,134829,7640],{"class":97},[44,134831,434],{"class":62},[20,134833,48135,134834,134836],{},[15,134835,1889],{}," is an integer.",[20,134838,39087],{},[35,134840,134842],{"className":37,"code":134841,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,134843,134844,134872],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134845,134846,134848,134850,134852,134854,134856,134858,134860,134862,134864,134866,134868,134870],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134847,7609],{"class":50},[44,134849,55],{"class":54},[44,134851,3440],{"class":62},[44,134853,67],{"class":66},[44,134855,491],{"class":70},[44,134857,67],{"class":66},[44,134859,186],{"class":62},[44,134861,2812],{"class":452},[44,134863,186],{"class":62},[44,134865,1438],{"class":66},[44,134867,9561],{"class":70},[44,134869,67],{"class":66},[44,134871,3453],{"class":62},[44,134873,134874,134876,134878,134880,134882,134884,134886,134888,134890,134892,134894,134896,134898],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,134875,82],{"class":58},[44,134877,63],{"class":62},[44,134879,67],{"class":66},[44,134881,1438],{"class":66},[44,134883,504],{"class":62},[44,134885,133144],{"class":97},[44,134887,63],{"class":62},[44,134889,39685],{"class":58},[44,134891,63],{"class":62},[44,134893,473],{"class":426},[44,134895,186],{"class":62},[44,134897,5795],{"class":97},[44,134899,2731],{"class":62},[20,134901,134902,134903,504],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[491,134904,25509,134906],{"href":134905},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,134907,134908],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[600,134910,134912,134913,134915],{"id":134911},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,134914,133067],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,134917,4351],{},[35,134919,134921],{"className":37,"code":134920,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,134922,134923,134955],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134924,134925,134927,134929,134931,134933,134935,134937,134939,134941,134943,134945,134947,134949,134951,134953],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134926,3894],{"class":50},[44,134928,55],{"class":54},[44,134930,3440],{"class":62},[44,134932,67],{"class":66},[44,134934,7127],{"class":70},[44,134936,67],{"class":66},[44,134938,186],{"class":62},[44,134940,1438],{"class":66},[44,134942,206],{"class":70},[44,134944,67],{"class":66},[44,134946,186],{"class":62},[44,134948,1438],{"class":66},[44,134950,133125],{"class":70},[44,134952,67],{"class":66},[44,134954,3453],{"class":62},[44,134956,134957,134959,134961,134963,134965,134967,134969,134971,134973],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,134958,2059],{"class":50},[44,134960,55],{"class":54},[44,134962,5997],{"class":50},[44,134964,504],{"class":62},[44,134966,133144],{"class":97},[44,134968,63],{"class":62},[44,134970,67],{"class":66},[44,134972,1438],{"class":66},[44,134974,76],{"class":62},[20,134976,134977,134979],{},[15,134978,133067],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,134981,10631],{},[35,134983,134985],{"className":37,"code":134984,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134986,134987,135019,135039,135043],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134988,134989,134991,134993,134995,134997,134999,135001,135003,135005,135007,135009,135011,135013,135015,135017],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134990,3894],{"class":50},[44,134992,55],{"class":54},[44,134994,3440],{"class":62},[44,134996,67],{"class":66},[44,134998,7127],{"class":70},[44,135000,67],{"class":66},[44,135002,186],{"class":62},[44,135004,1438],{"class":66},[44,135006,206],{"class":70},[44,135008,67],{"class":66},[44,135010,186],{"class":62},[44,135012,1438],{"class":66},[44,135014,133125],{"class":70},[44,135016,67],{"class":66},[44,135018,3453],{"class":62},[44,135020,135021,135023,135025,135027,135029,135031,135033,135035,135037],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,135022,2059],{"class":50},[44,135024,55],{"class":54},[44,135026,1438],{"class":66},[44,135028,1438],{"class":66},[44,135030,504],{"class":62},[44,135032,133144],{"class":97},[44,135034,63],{"class":62},[44,135036,3938],{"class":97},[44,135038,76],{"class":62},[44,135040,135041],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,135042,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,135044,135045,135047,135049,135051],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,135046,82],{"class":58},[44,135048,63],{"class":62},[44,135050,2094],{"class":97},[44,135052,76],{"class":62},[600,135054,135056],{"id":135055},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[35,135058,135060],{"className":37,"code":135059,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135061,135062,135094],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135063,135064,135066,135068,135070,135072,135074,135076,135078,135080,135082,135084,135086,135088,135090,135092],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135065,3894],{"class":50},[44,135067,55],{"class":54},[44,135069,3440],{"class":62},[44,135071,67],{"class":66},[44,135073,6415],{"class":70},[44,135075,67],{"class":66},[44,135077,186],{"class":62},[44,135079,1438],{"class":66},[44,135081,78901],{"class":70},[44,135083,67],{"class":66},[44,135085,186],{"class":62},[44,135087,1438],{"class":66},[44,135089,133871],{"class":70},[44,135091,67],{"class":66},[44,135093,3453],{"class":62},[44,135095,135096,135098,135100,135102,135104,135106,135108,135110],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,135097,82],{"class":58},[44,135099,63],{"class":62},[44,135101,6101],{"class":66},[44,135103,504],{"class":62},[44,135105,133144],{"class":97},[44,135107,63],{"class":62},[44,135109,3938],{"class":97},[44,135111,434],{"class":62},[20,135113,1031],{},[35,135115,135117],{"className":37,"code":135116,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"onetwothree\n",[15,135118,135119],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135120,135121],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135122,135116],{"class":50},[20,135124,135125,135126,6461],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135127,133212],{},[600,135129,135131,135132,131335],{"id":135130},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135133,133067],{},[35,135135,135137],{"className":37,"code":135136,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135138,135139,135171,135189,135193],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135140,135141,135143,135145,135147,135149,135151,135153,135155,135157,135159,135161,135163,135165,135167,135169],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135142,3894],{"class":50},[44,135144,55],{"class":54},[44,135146,3440],{"class":62},[44,135148,67],{"class":66},[44,135150,491],{"class":70},[44,135152,67],{"class":66},[44,135154,186],{"class":62},[44,135156,1438],{"class":66},[44,135158,4587],{"class":70},[44,135160,67],{"class":66},[44,135162,186],{"class":62},[44,135164,1438],{"class":66},[44,135166,9561],{"class":70},[44,135168,67],{"class":66},[44,135170,3453],{"class":62},[44,135172,135173,135175,135177,135179,135181,135183,135185,135187],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,135174,67],{"class":43142},[44,135176,1854],{"class":43146},[44,135178,67],{"class":43142},[44,135180,504],{"class":62},[44,135182,133144],{"class":97},[44,135184,63],{"class":62},[44,135186,3938],{"class":97},[44,135188,76],{"class":62},[44,135190,135191],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,135192,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,135194,135195,135197,135199,135201],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,135196,82],{"class":58},[44,135198,63],{"class":62},[44,135200,3938],{"class":97},[44,135202,76],{"class":62},[20,135204,1031],{},[35,135206,135207],{"className":37,"code":42689,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,135208,135209],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135210,135211,135213,135215,135217,135219,135221,135223,135225,135227,135229,135231,135233,135235],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135212,3723],{"class":62},[44,135214,476],{"class":66},[44,135216,491],{"class":70},[44,135218,476],{"class":66},[44,135220,186],{"class":62},[44,135222,470],{"class":66},[44,135224,4587],{"class":70},[44,135226,476],{"class":66},[44,135228,186],{"class":62},[44,135230,470],{"class":66},[44,135232,9561],{"class":70},[44,135234,476],{"class":66},[44,135236,3453],{"class":62},[20,135238,135239,135240,135242],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135241,133067],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[30,135244,135246,135248,135249],{"id":135245},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135247,133067],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135250,708],{},[20,135252,10413,135253,1126,135255,135257],{},[15,135254,133067],{},[15,135256,708],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[600,135259,103,135261,135263],{"id":135260},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135262,708],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[35,135265,135267],{"className":37,"code":135266,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135268,135269,135282,135295,135315,135319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135270,135271,135274,135276,135278,135280],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135272,135273],{"class":50},"first ",[44,135275,55],{"class":54},[44,135277,1438],{"class":66},[44,135279,34693],{"class":70},[44,135281,3176],{"class":66},[44,135283,135284,135287,135289,135291,135293],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,135285,135286],{"class":50},"second ",[44,135288,55],{"class":54},[44,135290,1438],{"class":66},[44,135292,89370],{"class":70},[44,135294,3176],{"class":66},[44,135296,135297,135299,135301,135304,135306,135308,135310,135312],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,135298,2059],{"class":50},[44,135300,55],{"class":54},[44,135302,135303],{"class":50}," first ",[44,135305,708],{"class":54},[44,135307,1438],{"class":66},[44,135309,1438],{"class":66},[44,135311,94],{"class":54},[44,135313,135314],{"class":50}," second\n",[44,135316,135317],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,135318,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,135320,135321,135323,135325,135327],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,135322,82],{"class":58},[44,135324,63],{"class":62},[44,135326,2094],{"class":97},[44,135328,76],{"class":62},[20,135330,1031],{},[35,135332,135334],{"className":37,"code":135333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello World\n",[15,135335,135336],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135337,135338],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135339,135333],{"class":50},[600,135341,103,135343,135345],{"id":135342},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135344,133067],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[35,135347,135349],{"className":37,"code":135348,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135350,135351,135393,135413,135417],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135352,135353,135355,135357,135359,135361,135363,135365,135367,135369,135372,135374,135376,135378,135381,135383,135385,135387,135389,135391],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135354,3894],{"class":50},[44,135356,55],{"class":54},[44,135358,3440],{"class":62},[44,135360,67],{"class":66},[44,135362,7127],{"class":70},[44,135364,67],{"class":66},[44,135366,186],{"class":62},[44,135368,1438],{"class":66},[44,135370,135371],{"class":70},"makes",[44,135373,67],{"class":66},[44,135375,186],{"class":62},[44,135377,1438],{"class":66},[44,135379,135380],{"class":70},"this",[44,135382,67],{"class":66},[44,135384,186],{"class":62},[44,135386,1438],{"class":66},[44,135388,133566],{"class":70},[44,135390,67],{"class":66},[44,135392,3453],{"class":62},[44,135394,135395,135397,135399,135401,135403,135405,135407,135409,135411],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,135396,2059],{"class":50},[44,135398,55],{"class":54},[44,135400,1438],{"class":66},[44,135402,1438],{"class":66},[44,135404,504],{"class":62},[44,135406,133144],{"class":97},[44,135408,63],{"class":62},[44,135410,3938],{"class":97},[44,135412,76],{"class":62},[44,135414,135415],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,135416,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,135418,135419,135421,135423,135425],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,135420,82],{"class":58},[44,135422,63],{"class":62},[44,135424,2094],{"class":97},[44,135426,76],{"class":62},[20,135428,1031],{},[35,135430,135432],{"className":37,"code":135431,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135433,135434],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135435,135436],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135437,135431],{"class":50},[20,135439,135440,135442],{},[15,135441,133067],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[126,135444,135445,135448,135451],{},[129,135446,135447],{},"You already have a list of strings",[129,135449,135450],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[129,135452,135453,135454,135456],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135455,708],{}," operators",[20,135458,135459,135460,504],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[491,135461,135463],{"href":135462},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[30,135465,135467],{"id":135466},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135469,8700,135470,135472],{},[15,135471,133067],{}," is not working, check these first:",[126,135474,135475,135478,135483,135492,135498],{},[129,135476,135477],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[129,135479,135480,135481],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135482,3599],{},[129,135484,135485,135486,10916,135489],{},"You may have written ",[15,135487,135488],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135490,135491],{},"string.join(...)",[129,135493,135494,135495,135497],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135496,133067],{}," to change the original iterable",[129,135499,135500],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135502,94010],{},[35,135504,135506],{"className":37,"code":135505,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135507,135508,135522,135532,135556,135596],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135509,135510,135512,135514,135516,135518,135520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135511,82],{"class":58},[44,135513,63],{"class":62},[44,135515,427],{"class":426},[44,135517,63],{"class":62},[44,135519,7640],{"class":97},[44,135521,434],{"class":62},[44,135523,135524,135526,135528,135530],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,135525,82],{"class":58},[44,135527,63],{"class":62},[44,135529,7640],{"class":97},[44,135531,76],{"class":62},[44,135533,135534,135536,135538,135540,135542,135544,135546,135548,135550,135552,135554],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,135535,82],{"class":58},[44,135537,2804],{"class":62},[44,135539,427],{"class":426},[44,135541,63],{"class":62},[44,135543,23139],{"class":97},[44,135545,3480],{"class":62},[44,135547,3699],{"class":1384},[44,135549,5790],{"class":97},[44,135551,3705],{"class":1384},[44,135553,5795],{"class":97},[44,135555,3711],{"class":62},[44,135557,135558,135560,135562,135564,135566,135568,135570,135572,135574,135576,135578,135580,135582,135584,135586,135588,135590,135592,135594],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,135559,82],{"class":58},[44,135561,63],{"class":62},[44,135563,476],{"class":66},[44,135565,470],{"class":66},[44,135567,504],{"class":62},[44,135569,133144],{"class":97},[44,135571,2804],{"class":62},[44,135573,476],{"class":66},[44,135575,491],{"class":70},[44,135577,476],{"class":66},[44,135579,186],{"class":62},[44,135581,470],{"class":66},[44,135583,4587],{"class":70},[44,135585,476],{"class":66},[44,135587,186],{"class":62},[44,135589,470],{"class":66},[44,135591,9561],{"class":70},[44,135593,476],{"class":66},[44,135595,2819],{"class":62},[44,135597,135598,135600,135602,135604,135606,135608,135610,135612,135614,135616,135618,135620,135622,135624,135626,135628,135630,135632,135634],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,135599,82],{"class":58},[44,135601,63],{"class":62},[44,135603,476],{"class":66},[44,135605,2018],{"class":70},[44,135607,476],{"class":66},[44,135609,504],{"class":62},[44,135611,133144],{"class":97},[44,135613,63],{"class":62},[44,135615,39685],{"class":58},[44,135617,63],{"class":62},[44,135619,473],{"class":426},[44,135621,186],{"class":62},[44,135623,3440],{"class":62},[44,135625,2807],{"class":452},[44,135627,186],{"class":62},[44,135629,2812],{"class":452},[44,135631,186],{"class":62},[44,135633,2282],{"class":452},[44,135635,37091],{"class":62},[20,135637,135638],{},"What these checks do:",[126,135640,135641,135649,135655,135661,135670],{},[129,135642,135643,135646,135647,7924],{},[15,135644,135645],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135648,7640],{},[129,135650,135651,135654],{},[15,135652,135653],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[129,135656,135657,135660],{},[15,135658,135659],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[129,135662,135663,135666,135667,135669],{},[15,135664,135665],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135668,133067],{}," behavior",[129,135671,135672,135675],{},[15,135673,135674],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[30,135677,1651],{"id":1650},[600,135679,1655,135681,135683],{"id":135680},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135682,133067],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135685,135686,135687,135689,135690,504],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135688,133067],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135691,135692],{},"map(str, values)",[600,135694,1655,135696,56791],{"id":135695},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135697,133067],{},[20,135699,135700],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[600,135702,28159,135704,62264],{"id":135703},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135705,133067],{},[20,135707,41968,135708,135710],{},[15,135709,133067],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[600,135712,4970,135714,39785],{"id":135713},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,135715,135716],{},"''.join(words)",[20,135718,135719],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[600,135721,135723,135724,135726,135727,213],{"id":135722},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,135725,2825],{}," when using ",[15,135728,133067],{},[20,135730,135731],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[30,135733,1719],{"id":1718},[126,135735,135736,135741,135747,135753,135759],{},[129,135737,135738],{},[491,135739,135740],{"href":135462},"How to join strings in Python",[129,135742,135743],{},[491,135744,125985,135745,10564],{"href":128672},[15,135746,60160],{},[129,135748,135749],{},[491,135750,13,135751,1738],{"href":41990},[15,135752,47308],{},[129,135754,135755],{},[491,135756,30174,135757],{"href":134905},[15,135758,134908],{},[129,135760,135761],{},[491,135762,124740],{"href":50601},[20,135764,96980,135765,135767],{},[15,135766,133067],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1758,135769,135770],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":135772},[135773,135774,135776,135779,135786,135796,135804,135814,135821,135822,135834],{"id":3424,"depth":79,"text":3425},{"id":133184,"depth":79,"text":135775},"What join() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250,"children":135777},[135778],{"id":48634,"depth":419,"text":48635},{"id":121515,"depth":79,"text":121516,"children":135780},[135781,135782,135783,135784],{"id":133531,"depth":419,"text":133532},{"id":133623,"depth":419,"text":133624},{"id":133724,"depth":419,"text":133725},{"id":133833,"depth":419,"text":135785},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":133936,"depth":79,"text":133937,"children":135787},[135788,135790,135792,135794],{"id":133943,"depth":419,"text":135789},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134010,"depth":419,"text":135791},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134099,"depth":419,"text":135793},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134185,"depth":419,"text":135795},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134260,"depth":79,"text":134261,"children":135797},[135798,135799,135800,135802],{"id":134269,"depth":419,"text":134270},{"id":134352,"depth":419,"text":134353},{"id":134506,"depth":419,"text":135801},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134678,"depth":419,"text":135803},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134765,"depth":79,"text":135805,"children":135806},"Common errors with join()",[135807,135809,135811,135812],{"id":134774,"depth":419,"text":135808},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":134911,"depth":419,"text":135810},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135055,"depth":419,"text":135056},{"id":135130,"depth":419,"text":135813},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135245,"depth":79,"text":135815,"children":135816},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135817,135819],{"id":135260,"depth":419,"text":135818},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135342,"depth":419,"text":135820},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135466,"depth":79,"text":135467},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":135823},[135824,135826,135828,135830,135832],{"id":135680,"depth":419,"text":135825},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135695,"depth":419,"text":135827},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135703,"depth":419,"text":135829},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135713,"depth":419,"text":135831},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135722,"depth":419,"text":135833},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133059,"description":135835},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135842,"title":135843,"body":135844,"description":137412,"extension":1796,"meta":137413,"navigation":807,"path":137414,"seo":137415,"stem":137416,"__hash__":137417},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135845,"toc":137379},[135846,135851,135856,135858,135872,135917,135924,135929,135934,135936,135952,135961,135963,135965,135980,135982,135992,135994,136056,136058,136061,136122,136124,136140,136142,136155,136158,136205,136207,136213,136216,136219,136279,136287,136373,136377,136382,136384,136398,136401,136486,136489,136547,136558,136613,136615,136622,136628,136634,136678,136681,136728,136730,136732,136739,136741,136772,136775,136777,136808,136812,136815,136817,136857,136859,136902,136908,136913,136915,136942,136947,136950,136999,137003,137006,137081,137092,137095,137152,137159,137165,137173,137178,137185,137192,137210,137212,137266,137274,137276,137281,137284,137290,137296,137301,137304,137310,137316,137323,137331,137333,137376],[10,135847,122985,135849,11147],{"id":135848},"python-string-lower-method",[15,135850,123715],{},[20,135852,122990,135853,135855],{},[15,135854,123715],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,135857,23916],{},[126,135859,135860,135863,135866,135869],{},[129,135861,135862],{},"convert text to lowercase",[129,135864,135865],{},"compare text without case differences",[129,135867,135868],{},"clean up user input",[129,135870,135871],{},"make simple text matching easier",[35,135873,135875],{"className":37,"code":135874,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,135876,135877,135890,135904],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135878,135879,135881,135883,135885,135888],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135880,34514],{"class":50},[44,135882,55],{"class":54},[44,135884,1438],{"class":66},[44,135886,135887],{"class":70},"Hello WORLD",[44,135889,3176],{"class":66},[44,135891,135892,135894,135896,135898,135900,135902],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,135893,2059],{"class":50},[44,135895,55],{"class":54},[44,135897,42655],{"class":50},[44,135899,504],{"class":62},[44,135901,8465],{"class":97},[44,135903,345],{"class":62},[44,135905,135906,135908,135910,135912,135914],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,135907,82],{"class":58},[44,135909,63],{"class":62},[44,135911,2094],{"class":97},[44,135913,3480],{"class":62},[44,135915,135916],{"class":3483},"  # hello world\n",[20,135918,135919,88593,135921,135923],{},[3563,135920,83451],{},[15,135922,123715],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[30,135925,113,135927,116],{"id":135926},"what-lower-does",[15,135928,123715],{},[20,135930,135931,135933],{},[15,135932,123715],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,135935,12877],{},[126,135937,135938,135943,135946,135949],{},[129,135939,135940,135942],{},[15,135941,123715],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[129,135944,135945],{},"It works on string objects",[129,135947,135948],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[129,135950,135951],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,135953,124737,135954,135958,135959,504],{},[491,135955,135957],{"href":135956},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[491,135960,50602],{"href":50601},[30,135962,250],{"id":249},[20,135964,1989],{},[35,135966,135968],{"className":37,"code":135967,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.lower()\n",[15,135969,135970],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135971,135972,135974,135976,135978],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135973,60803],{"class":50},[44,135975,504],{"class":62},[44,135977,8465],{"class":97},[44,135979,345],{"class":62},[20,135981,43464],{},[126,135983,135984,135986,135989],{},[129,135985,97158],{},[129,135987,135988],{},"You call it directly on a string",[129,135990,135991],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,135993,145],{},[35,135995,135997],{"className":37,"code":135996,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,135998,135999,136022,136026,136039],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136000,136001,136003,136005,136007,136010,136012,136014,136016,136019],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136002,82],{"class":58},[44,136004,63],{"class":62},[44,136006,67],{"class":66},[44,136008,136009],{"class":70},"HELLO",[44,136011,67],{"class":66},[44,136013,504],{"class":62},[44,136015,8465],{"class":97},[44,136017,136018],{"class":62},"())",[44,136020,136021],{"class":3483},"  # hello\n",[44,136023,136024],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,136025,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,136027,136028,136030,136032,136034,136037],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,136029,51],{"class":50},[44,136031,55],{"class":54},[44,136033,1438],{"class":66},[44,136035,136036],{"class":70},"PyThOn",[44,136038,3176],{"class":66},[44,136040,136041,136043,136045,136047,136049,136051,136053],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,136042,82],{"class":58},[44,136044,63],{"class":62},[44,136046,652],{"class":97},[44,136048,504],{"class":62},[44,136050,8465],{"class":97},[44,136052,136018],{"class":62},[44,136054,136055],{"class":3483},"  # python\n",[30,136057,11300],{"id":11299},[20,136059,136060],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[35,136062,136064],{"className":37,"code":136063,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136065,136066,136078,136082,136097,136101,136112],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136067,136068,136070,136072,136074,136076],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136069,34514],{"class":50},[44,136071,55],{"class":54},[44,136073,1438],{"class":66},[44,136075,135887],{"class":70},[44,136077,3176],{"class":66},[44,136079,136080],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,136081,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,136083,136084,136087,136089,136091,136093,136095],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,136085,136086],{"class":50},"lower_text ",[44,136088,55],{"class":54},[44,136090,42655],{"class":50},[44,136092,504],{"class":62},[44,136094,8465],{"class":97},[44,136096,345],{"class":62},[44,136098,136099],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,136100,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,136102,136103,136105,136107,136110],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,136104,82],{"class":58},[44,136106,63],{"class":62},[44,136108,136109],{"class":97},"lower_text",[44,136111,76],{"class":62},[44,136113,136114,136116,136118,136120],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,136115,82],{"class":58},[44,136117,63],{"class":62},[44,136119,34535],{"class":97},[44,136121,76],{"class":62},[20,136123,1031],{},[35,136125,136127],{"className":37,"code":136126,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136128,136129,136133],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136130,136131],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136132,134001],{"class":50},[44,136134,136135,136137],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,136136,131401],{"class":50},[44,136138,136139],{"class":34279},"WORLD\n",[20,136141,24436],{},[126,136143,136144,136149],{},[129,136145,136146,136148],{},[15,136147,123715],{}," returns the lowercase result",[129,136150,136151,136152,136154],{},"the original ",[15,136153,34535],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136156,136157],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[35,136159,136161],{"className":37,"code":136160,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136162,136163,136175,136189,136193],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136164,136165,136167,136169,136171,136173],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136166,34514],{"class":50},[44,136168,55],{"class":54},[44,136170,1438],{"class":66},[44,136172,135887],{"class":70},[44,136174,3176],{"class":66},[44,136176,136177,136179,136181,136183,136185,136187],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,136178,34514],{"class":50},[44,136180,55],{"class":54},[44,136182,42655],{"class":50},[44,136184,504],{"class":62},[44,136186,8465],{"class":97},[44,136188,345],{"class":62},[44,136190,136191],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,136192,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,136194,136195,136197,136199,136201,136203],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,136196,82],{"class":58},[44,136198,63],{"class":62},[44,136200,34535],{"class":97},[44,136202,3480],{"class":62},[44,136204,135916],{"class":3483},[30,136206,17248],{"id":17247},[20,136208,136209,21803,136211,504],{},[15,136210,123715],{},[3563,136212,60803],{},[20,136214,136215],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136217,136218],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[35,136220,136222],{"className":37,"code":136221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136223,136224,136238,136242,136265],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136225,136226,136229,136231,136233,136236],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136227,136228],{"class":50},"answer ",[44,136230,55],{"class":54},[44,136232,1438],{"class":66},[44,136234,136235],{"class":70},"YES",[44,136237,3176],{"class":66},[44,136239,136240],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,136241,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,136243,136244,136246,136249,136251,136253,136255,136257,136259,136261,136263],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,136245,6828],{"class":1384},[44,136247,136248],{"class":50}," answer",[44,136250,504],{"class":62},[44,136252,8465],{"class":97},[44,136254,7196],{"class":62},[44,136256,6237],{"class":54},[44,136258,1438],{"class":66},[44,136260,8482],{"class":70},[44,136262,67],{"class":66},[44,136264,1388],{"class":62},[44,136266,136267,136269,136271,136273,136275,136277],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,136268,1416],{"class":58},[44,136270,63],{"class":62},[44,136272,67],{"class":66},[44,136274,96467],{"class":70},[44,136276,67],{"class":66},[44,136278,76],{"class":62},[20,136280,136281,136282,449],{},"This is especially useful with ",[491,136283,136284,136285,2133],{"href":8047},"the ",[15,136286,17],{},[35,136288,136290],{"className":37,"code":136289,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136291,136292,136311,136315,136337,136352,136358],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136293,136294,136296,136298,136300,136302,136304,136307,136309],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136295,136228],{"class":50},[44,136297,55],{"class":54},[44,136299,59],{"class":58},[44,136301,63],{"class":62},[44,136303,67],{"class":66},[44,136305,136306],{"class":70},"Type yes or no: ",[44,136308,67],{"class":66},[44,136310,76],{"class":62},[44,136312,136313],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,136314,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,136316,136317,136319,136321,136323,136325,136327,136329,136331,136333,136335],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,136318,6828],{"class":1384},[44,136320,136248],{"class":50},[44,136322,504],{"class":62},[44,136324,8465],{"class":97},[44,136326,7196],{"class":62},[44,136328,6237],{"class":54},[44,136330,1438],{"class":66},[44,136332,8482],{"class":70},[44,136334,67],{"class":66},[44,136336,1388],{"class":62},[44,136338,136339,136341,136343,136345,136348,136350],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,136340,1416],{"class":58},[44,136342,63],{"class":62},[44,136344,67],{"class":66},[44,136346,136347],{"class":70},"You typed yes",[44,136349,67],{"class":66},[44,136351,76],{"class":62},[44,136353,136354,136356],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,136355,27264],{"class":1384},[44,136357,1388],{"class":62},[44,136359,136360,136362,136364,136366,136369,136371],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,136361,1416],{"class":58},[44,136363,63],{"class":62},[44,136365,67],{"class":66},[44,136367,136368],{"class":70},"You typed something else",[44,136370,67],{"class":66},[44,136372,76],{"class":62},[30,136374,136376],{"id":136375},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136378,136379,136381],{},[15,136380,123715],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136383,7173],{},[126,136385,136386,136389,136392,136395],{},[129,136387,136388],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[129,136390,136391],{},"Make text matching easier",[129,136393,136394],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[129,136396,136397],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136399,136400],{},"Example: checking user input",[35,136402,136404],{"className":37,"code":136403,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136405,136406,136424,136428,136450,136465,136471],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136407,136408,136410,136412,136414,136416,136418,136420,136422],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136409,155],{"class":50},[44,136411,55],{"class":54},[44,136413,59],{"class":58},[44,136415,63],{"class":62},[44,136417,67],{"class":66},[44,136419,166],{"class":70},[44,136421,67],{"class":66},[44,136423,76],{"class":62},[44,136425,136426],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,136427,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,136429,136430,136432,136434,136436,136438,136440,136442,136444,136446,136448],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,136431,6828],{"class":1384},[44,136433,189],{"class":50},[44,136435,504],{"class":62},[44,136437,8465],{"class":97},[44,136439,7196],{"class":62},[44,136441,6237],{"class":54},[44,136443,1438],{"class":66},[44,136445,12935],{"class":70},[44,136447,67],{"class":66},[44,136449,1388],{"class":62},[44,136451,136452,136454,136456,136458,136461,136463],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,136453,1416],{"class":58},[44,136455,63],{"class":62},[44,136457,67],{"class":66},[44,136459,136460],{"class":70},"Nice choice!",[44,136462,67],{"class":66},[44,136464,76],{"class":62},[44,136466,136467,136469],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,136468,27264],{"class":1384},[44,136470,1388],{"class":62},[44,136472,136473,136475,136477,136479,136482,136484],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,136474,1416],{"class":58},[44,136476,63],{"class":62},[44,136478,67],{"class":66},[44,136480,136481],{"class":70},"Got it.",[44,136483,67],{"class":66},[44,136485,76],{"class":62},[20,136487,136488],{},"Example: simple search",[35,136490,136492],{"className":37,"code":136491,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136493,136494,136507,136511,136532],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136495,136496,136498,136500,136502,136505],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136497,89637],{"class":50},[44,136499,55],{"class":54},[44,136501,1438],{"class":66},[44,136503,136504],{"class":70},"Python Is Fun",[44,136506,3176],{"class":66},[44,136508,136509],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,136510,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,136512,136513,136515,136517,136519,136521,136523,136526,136528,136530],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,136514,6828],{"class":1384},[44,136516,1438],{"class":66},[44,136518,39],{"class":70},[44,136520,67],{"class":66},[44,136522,21002],{"class":54},[44,136524,136525],{"class":50}," message",[44,136527,504],{"class":62},[44,136529,8465],{"class":97},[44,136531,21424],{"class":62},[44,136533,136534,136536,136538,136540,136543,136545],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,136535,1416],{"class":58},[44,136537,63],{"class":62},[44,136539,67],{"class":66},[44,136541,136542],{"class":70},"Found it",[44,136544,67],{"class":66},[44,136546,76],{"class":62},[20,136548,136549,136550,136552,136553,449],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136551,123715],{}," is often used with ",[491,136554,136556],{"href":136555},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136557,41475],{},[35,136559,136561],{"className":37,"code":136560,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136562,136563,136576,136595,136599],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136564,136565,136567,136569,136571,136574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136566,51],{"class":50},[44,136568,55],{"class":54},[44,136570,1438],{"class":66},[44,136572,136573],{"class":70},"  ALICE  ",[44,136575,3176],{"class":66},[44,136577,136578,136581,136583,136585,136587,136589,136591,136593],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,136579,136580],{"class":50},"clean_name ",[44,136582,55],{"class":54},[44,136584,98],{"class":50},[44,136586,504],{"class":62},[44,136588,1273],{"class":97},[44,136590,8462],{"class":62},[44,136592,8465],{"class":97},[44,136594,345],{"class":62},[44,136596,136597],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,136598,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,136600,136601,136603,136605,136608,136610],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,136602,82],{"class":58},[44,136604,63],{"class":62},[44,136606,136607],{"class":97},"clean_name",[44,136609,3480],{"class":62},[44,136611,136612],{"class":3483},"  # alice\n",[30,136614,15424],{"id":15423},[20,136616,136617,136618,136621],{},"Strings are ",[3563,136619,136620],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136623,136624,136625,136627],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136626,123715],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136629,136630,136631,136633],{},"So this does ",[3563,136632,4457],{}," update the original variable:",[35,136635,136637],{"className":37,"code":136636,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136638,136639,136651,136661,136665],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136640,136641,136643,136645,136647,136649],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136642,34514],{"class":50},[44,136644,55],{"class":54},[44,136646,1438],{"class":66},[44,136648,136009],{"class":70},[44,136650,3176],{"class":66},[44,136652,136653,136655,136657,136659],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,136654,34535],{"class":50},[44,136656,504],{"class":62},[44,136658,8465],{"class":97},[44,136660,345],{"class":62},[44,136662,136663],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,136664,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,136666,136667,136669,136671,136673,136675],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,136668,82],{"class":58},[44,136670,63],{"class":62},[44,136672,34535],{"class":97},[44,136674,3480],{"class":62},[44,136676,136677],{"class":3483},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136679,136680],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[35,136682,136684],{"className":37,"code":136683,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136685,136686,136698,136712,136716],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136687,136688,136690,136692,136694,136696],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136689,34514],{"class":50},[44,136691,55],{"class":54},[44,136693,1438],{"class":66},[44,136695,136009],{"class":70},[44,136697,3176],{"class":66},[44,136699,136700,136702,136704,136706,136708,136710],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,136701,34514],{"class":50},[44,136703,55],{"class":54},[44,136705,42655],{"class":50},[44,136707,504],{"class":62},[44,136709,8465],{"class":97},[44,136711,345],{"class":62},[44,136713,136714],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,136715,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,136717,136718,136720,136722,136724,136726],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,136719,82],{"class":58},[44,136721,63],{"class":62},[44,136723,34535],{"class":97},[44,136725,3480],{"class":62},[44,136727,136021],{"class":3483},[30,136729,1486],{"id":1485},[600,136731,25517],{"id":25516},[20,136733,136734,136735,10916,136737,504],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,136736,8465],{},[15,136738,123715],{},[20,136740,16472],{},[35,136742,136744],{"className":37,"code":136743,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,136745,136746,136758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136747,136748,136750,136752,136754,136756],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136749,34514],{"class":50},[44,136751,55],{"class":54},[44,136753,1438],{"class":66},[44,136755,136009],{"class":70},[44,136757,3176],{"class":66},[44,136759,136760,136762,136764,136766,136768,136770],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,136761,82],{"class":58},[44,136763,63],{"class":62},[44,136765,34535],{"class":97},[44,136767,504],{"class":62},[44,136769,8465],{"class":24579},[44,136771,76],{"class":62},[20,136773,136774],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,136776,16484],{},[35,136778,136780],{"className":37,"code":136779,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136781,136782,136794],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136783,136784,136786,136788,136790,136792],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136785,34514],{"class":50},[44,136787,55],{"class":54},[44,136789,1438],{"class":66},[44,136791,136009],{"class":70},[44,136793,3176],{"class":66},[44,136795,136796,136798,136800,136802,136804,136806],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,136797,82],{"class":58},[44,136799,63],{"class":62},[44,136801,34535],{"class":97},[44,136803,504],{"class":62},[44,136805,8465],{"class":97},[44,136807,7025],{"class":62},[600,136809,136811],{"id":136810},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,136813,136814],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,136816,16472],{},[35,136818,136820],{"className":37,"code":136819,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,136821,136822,136834,136844],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136823,136824,136826,136828,136830,136832],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136825,34514],{"class":50},[44,136827,55],{"class":54},[44,136829,1438],{"class":66},[44,136831,136009],{"class":70},[44,136833,3176],{"class":66},[44,136835,136836,136838,136840,136842],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,136837,34535],{"class":50},[44,136839,504],{"class":62},[44,136841,8465],{"class":97},[44,136843,345],{"class":62},[44,136845,136846,136848,136850,136852,136854],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,136847,82],{"class":58},[44,136849,63],{"class":62},[44,136851,34535],{"class":97},[44,136853,3480],{"class":62},[44,136855,136856],{"class":3483},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,136858,16484],{},[35,136860,136862],{"className":37,"code":136861,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136863,136864,136876,136890],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136865,136866,136868,136870,136872,136874],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136867,34514],{"class":50},[44,136869,55],{"class":54},[44,136871,1438],{"class":66},[44,136873,136009],{"class":70},[44,136875,3176],{"class":66},[44,136877,136878,136880,136882,136884,136886,136888],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,136879,34514],{"class":50},[44,136881,55],{"class":54},[44,136883,42655],{"class":50},[44,136885,504],{"class":62},[44,136887,8465],{"class":97},[44,136889,345],{"class":62},[44,136891,136892,136894,136896,136898,136900],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,136893,82],{"class":58},[44,136895,63],{"class":62},[44,136897,34535],{"class":97},[44,136899,3480],{"class":62},[44,136901,136021],{"class":3483},[600,136903,8243,136905,136907],{"id":136904},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,136906,123715],{}," on a non-string value",[20,136909,136910,136912],{},[15,136911,123715],{}," only works on strings.",[20,136914,16472],{},[35,136916,136918],{"className":37,"code":136917,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,136919,136920,136928],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136921,136922,136924,136926],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136923,2046],{"class":50},[44,136925,55],{"class":54},[44,136927,124667],{"class":452},[44,136929,136930,136932,136934,136936,136938,136940],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,136931,82],{"class":58},[44,136933,63],{"class":62},[44,136935,2069],{"class":97},[44,136937,504],{"class":62},[44,136939,8465],{"class":97},[44,136941,7025],{"class":62},[20,136943,136944,136945,33426],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,136946,123715],{},[20,136948,136949],{},"You can check the type first:",[35,136951,136953],{"className":37,"code":136952,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136954,136955,136967,136971,136985],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136956,136957,136959,136961,136963,136965],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136958,34514],{"class":50},[44,136960,55],{"class":54},[44,136962,1438],{"class":66},[44,136964,136009],{"class":70},[44,136966,3176],{"class":66},[44,136968,136969],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,136970,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,136972,136973,136975,136977,136979,136981,136983],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,136974,82],{"class":58},[44,136976,63],{"class":62},[44,136978,427],{"class":426},[44,136980,63],{"class":62},[44,136982,34535],{"class":97},[44,136984,434],{"class":62},[44,136986,136987,136989,136991,136993,136995,136997],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,136988,82],{"class":58},[44,136990,63],{"class":62},[44,136992,34535],{"class":97},[44,136994,504],{"class":62},[44,136996,8465],{"class":97},[44,136998,7025],{"class":62},[600,137000,137002],{"id":137001},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137004,137005],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[35,137007,137009],{"className":37,"code":137008,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137010,137011,137024,137028,137045,137060,137066],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137012,137013,137015,137017,137019,137022],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137014,136228],{"class":50},[44,137016,55],{"class":54},[44,137018,1438],{"class":66},[44,137020,137021],{"class":70},"Yes",[44,137023,3176],{"class":66},[44,137025,137026],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,137027,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,137029,137030,137032,137035,137037,137039,137041,137043],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,137031,6828],{"class":1384},[44,137033,137034],{"class":50}," answer ",[44,137036,4515],{"class":54},[44,137038,1438],{"class":66},[44,137040,8482],{"class":70},[44,137042,67],{"class":66},[44,137044,1388],{"class":62},[44,137046,137047,137049,137051,137053,137056,137058],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,137048,1416],{"class":58},[44,137050,63],{"class":62},[44,137052,67],{"class":66},[44,137054,137055],{"class":70},"Match",[44,137057,67],{"class":66},[44,137059,76],{"class":62},[44,137061,137062,137064],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,137063,27264],{"class":1384},[44,137065,1388],{"class":62},[44,137067,137068,137070,137072,137074,137077,137079],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,137069,1416],{"class":58},[44,137071,63],{"class":62},[44,137073,67],{"class":66},[44,137075,137076],{"class":70},"No match",[44,137078,67],{"class":66},[44,137080,76],{"class":62},[20,137082,1692,137083,1126,137086,137089,137090,504],{},[15,137084,137085],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137087,137088],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137091,137076],{},[20,137093,137094],{},"Better:",[35,137096,137098],{"className":37,"code":137097,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137099,137100,137112,137116,137138],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137101,137102,137104,137106,137108,137110],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137103,136228],{"class":50},[44,137105,55],{"class":54},[44,137107,1438],{"class":66},[44,137109,137021],{"class":70},[44,137111,3176],{"class":66},[44,137113,137114],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,137115,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,137117,137118,137120,137122,137124,137126,137128,137130,137132,137134,137136],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,137119,6828],{"class":1384},[44,137121,136248],{"class":50},[44,137123,504],{"class":62},[44,137125,8465],{"class":97},[44,137127,7196],{"class":62},[44,137129,6237],{"class":54},[44,137131,1438],{"class":66},[44,137133,8482],{"class":70},[44,137135,67],{"class":66},[44,137137,1388],{"class":62},[44,137139,137140,137142,137144,137146,137148,137150],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,137141,1416],{"class":58},[44,137143,63],{"class":62},[44,137145,67],{"class":66},[44,137147,137055],{"class":70},[44,137149,67],{"class":66},[44,137151,76],{"class":62},[600,137153,44027,137155,137158],{"id":137154},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137156,137157],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137160,137161,137162,137164],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137163,123715],{}," is enough.",[20,137166,137167,137168,137170,137171,504],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137169,137157],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137172,123715],{},[20,137174,137175,137176,122227],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137177,123715],{},[30,137179,137181,10408,137183],{"id":137180},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137182,123715],{},[15,137184,127863],{},[20,137186,137187,1126,137189,137191],{},[15,137188,123715],{},[15,137190,127863],{}," are very similar.",[126,137193,137194,137199,137204,137207],{},[129,137195,137196,137198],{},[15,137197,123715],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[129,137200,137201,137203],{},[15,137202,127863],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[129,137205,137206],{},"Both return new strings",[129,137208,137209],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137211,145],{},[35,137213,137215],{"className":37,"code":137214,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137216,137217,137229,137233,137249],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137218,137219,137221,137223,137225,137227],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137220,34514],{"class":50},[44,137222,55],{"class":54},[44,137224,1438],{"class":66},[44,137226,128704],{"class":70},[44,137228,3176],{"class":66},[44,137230,137231],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,137232,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,137234,137235,137237,137239,137241,137243,137245,137247],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,137236,82],{"class":58},[44,137238,63],{"class":62},[44,137240,34535],{"class":97},[44,137242,504],{"class":62},[44,137244,8465],{"class":97},[44,137246,136018],{"class":62},[44,137248,135916],{"class":3483},[44,137250,137251,137253,137255,137257,137259,137261,137263],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,137252,82],{"class":58},[44,137254,63],{"class":62},[44,137256,34535],{"class":97},[44,137258,504],{"class":62},[44,137260,34304],{"class":97},[44,137262,136018],{"class":62},[44,137264,137265],{"class":3483},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137267,137268,137269,504],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[491,137270,125985,137272,10564],{"href":137271},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137273,127863],{},[30,137275,1651],{"id":1650},[600,137277,1655,137279,124312],{"id":137278},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137280,123715],{},[20,137282,137283],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[600,137285,1655,137287,137289],{"id":137286},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137288,123715],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137291,137292,137293,504],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137294,137295],{},"string.lower()",[600,137297,4970,137299,12540],{"id":137298},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137300,123715],{},[20,137302,137303],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[600,137305,28159,137307,137309],{"id":137306},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137308,123715],{}," on user input?",[20,137311,137312,137313,137315],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137314,17],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[600,137317,5007,137319,1126,137321,213],{"id":137318},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137320,123715],{},[15,137322,137157],{},[20,137324,137325,137327,137328,137330],{},[15,137326,123715],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137329,137157],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[30,137332,1719],{"id":1718},[126,137334,137335,137339,137345,137351,137357,137361,137365,137371],{},[129,137336,137337],{},[491,137338,50602],{"href":50601},[129,137340,137341],{},[491,137342,125985,137343,10564],{"href":137271},[15,137344,127863],{},[129,137346,137347],{},[491,137348,125985,137349,10564],{"href":136555},[15,137350,41475],{},[129,137352,137353],{},[491,137354,125985,137355,10564],{"href":129566},[15,137356,124156],{},[129,137358,137359],{},[491,137360,124384],{"href":123240},[129,137362,137363],{},[491,137364,90313],{"href":89322},[129,137366,137367],{},[491,137368,13,137369,1738],{"href":8047},[15,137370,17],{},[129,137372,137373],{},[491,137374,137375],{"href":135956},"What is a string in Python?",[1758,137377,137378],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":137380},[137381,137383,137384,137385,137386,137387,137388,137397,137399,137411],{"id":135926,"depth":79,"text":137382},"What lower() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":11299,"depth":79,"text":11300},{"id":17247,"depth":79,"text":17248},{"id":136375,"depth":79,"text":136376},{"id":15423,"depth":79,"text":15424},{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486,"children":137389},[137390,137391,137392,137394,137395],{"id":25516,"depth":419,"text":25517},{"id":136810,"depth":419,"text":136811},{"id":136904,"depth":419,"text":137393},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137001,"depth":419,"text":137002},{"id":137154,"depth":419,"text":137396},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137180,"depth":79,"text":137398},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":137400},[137401,137403,137405,137407,137409],{"id":137278,"depth":419,"text":137402},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137286,"depth":419,"text":137404},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137298,"depth":419,"text":137406},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137306,"depth":419,"text":137408},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137318,"depth":419,"text":137410},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135843,"description":137412},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137419,"title":137420,"body":137421,"description":138971,"extension":1796,"meta":138972,"navigation":807,"path":138973,"seo":138974,"stem":138975,"__hash__":138976},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137422,"toc":138932},[137423,137428,137433,137439,137454,137456,137516,137518,137527,137533,137538,137543,137545,137559,137563,137565,137612,137614,137632,137634,137637,137708,137710,137724,137727,137739,137748,137752,137757,137762,137766,137832,137834,137843,137847,137912,137914,137923,137926,137931,137935,137940,137944,138005,138007,138016,138020,138023,138079,138081,138090,138093,138106,138108,138112,138119,138181,138183,138196,138202,138205,138212,138217,138222,138225,138233,138235,138296,138298,138307,138310,138357,138360,138407,138409,138414,138431,138438,138443,138496,138498,138506,138508,138565,138567,138575,138579,138626,138628,138636,138644,138648,138696,138698,138707,138712,138763,138765,138774,138781,138784,138805,138807,138812,138815,138819,138822,138826,138829,138856,138862,138865,138892,138897,138899,138901,138929],[10,137424,122985,137426,11147],{"id":137425},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137427,124156],{},[20,137429,122990,137430,137432],{},[15,137431,124156],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137434,137435,137436,137438],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137437,124156],{},". You will learn:",[126,137440,137441,137445,137448,137451],{},[129,137442,25849,137443,116],{},[15,137444,124156],{},[129,137446,137447],{},"how its syntax works",[129,137449,137450],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[129,137452,137453],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[30,137455,33],{"id":32},[35,137457,137459],{"className":37,"code":137458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137460,137461,137474,137506],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137462,137463,137465,137467,137469,137472],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137464,34514],{"class":50},[44,137466,55],{"class":54},[44,137468,1438],{"class":66},[44,137470,137471],{"class":70},"I like cats",[44,137473,3176],{"class":66},[44,137475,137476,137478,137480,137482,137484,137486,137488,137490,137493,137495,137497,137499,137502,137504],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,137477,129824],{"class":50},[44,137479,55],{"class":54},[44,137481,42655],{"class":50},[44,137483,504],{"class":62},[44,137485,34825],{"class":97},[44,137487,63],{"class":62},[44,137489,67],{"class":66},[44,137491,137492],{"class":70},"cats",[44,137494,67],{"class":66},[44,137496,186],{"class":62},[44,137498,1438],{"class":66},[44,137500,137501],{"class":70},"dogs",[44,137503,67],{"class":66},[44,137505,76],{"class":62},[44,137507,137508,137510,137512,137514],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,137509,82],{"class":58},[44,137511,63],{"class":62},[44,137513,129855],{"class":97},[44,137515,76],{"class":62},[20,137517,1031],{},[35,137519,137521],{"className":37,"code":137520,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"I like dogs\n",[15,137522,137523],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137524,137525],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137526,137520],{"class":50},[20,137528,103,137529,137532],{},[15,137530,137531],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[30,137534,113,137536,116],{"id":137535},"what-replace-does",[15,137537,124156],{},[20,137539,137540,137542],{},[15,137541,124156],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137544,12877],{},[126,137546,137547,137549,137551,137554],{},[129,137548,133233],{},[129,137550,135951],{},[129,137552,137553],{},"It works on exact matches",[129,137555,137556,137557],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137558,41082],{},[20,137560,124737,137561,504],{},[491,137562,124740],{"href":50601},[30,137564,5260],{"id":5259},[35,137566,137568],{"className":37,"code":137567,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137569,137570,137590],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137571,137572,137574,137576,137578,137580,137583,137585,137588],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137573,60803],{"class":50},[44,137575,504],{"class":62},[44,137577,34825],{"class":97},[44,137579,63],{"class":62},[44,137581,137582],{"class":97},"old",[44,137584,186],{"class":62},[44,137586,137587],{"class":97}," new",[44,137589,76],{"class":62},[44,137591,137592,137594,137596,137598,137600,137602,137604,137606,137608,137610],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,137593,60803],{"class":50},[44,137595,504],{"class":62},[44,137597,34825],{"class":97},[44,137599,63],{"class":62},[44,137601,137582],{"class":97},[44,137603,186],{"class":62},[44,137605,137587],{"class":97},[44,137607,186],{"class":62},[44,137609,49227],{"class":97},[44,137611,76],{"class":62},[600,137613,17224],{"id":17223},[126,137615,137616,137621,137627],{},[129,137617,137618,137620],{},[15,137619,137582],{}," = the text to find",[129,137622,137623,137626],{},[15,137624,137625],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[129,137628,137629,137631],{},[15,137630,41082],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[30,137633,5616],{"id":5615},[20,137635,137636],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[35,137638,137640],{"className":37,"code":137639,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137641,137642,137654,137684,137688,137698],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137643,137644,137646,137648,137650,137652],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137645,34514],{"class":50},[44,137647,55],{"class":54},[44,137649,1438],{"class":66},[44,137651,137471],{"class":70},[44,137653,3176],{"class":66},[44,137655,137656,137658,137660,137662,137664,137666,137668,137670,137672,137674,137676,137678,137680,137682],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,137657,129824],{"class":50},[44,137659,55],{"class":54},[44,137661,42655],{"class":50},[44,137663,504],{"class":62},[44,137665,34825],{"class":97},[44,137667,63],{"class":62},[44,137669,67],{"class":66},[44,137671,137492],{"class":70},[44,137673,67],{"class":66},[44,137675,186],{"class":62},[44,137677,1438],{"class":66},[44,137679,137501],{"class":70},[44,137681,67],{"class":66},[44,137683,76],{"class":62},[44,137685,137686],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,137687,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,137689,137690,137692,137694,137696],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,137691,82],{"class":58},[44,137693,63],{"class":62},[44,137695,34535],{"class":97},[44,137697,76],{"class":62},[44,137699,137700,137702,137704,137706],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,137701,82],{"class":58},[44,137703,63],{"class":62},[44,137705,129855],{"class":97},[44,137707,76],{"class":62},[20,137709,1031],{},[35,137711,137713],{"className":37,"code":137712,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,137714,137715,137720],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137716,137717],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137718,137719],{"class":50},"I like cats\n",[44,137721,137722],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,137723,137520],{"class":50},[20,137725,137726],{},"Notice what happened:",[126,137728,137729,137734],{},[129,137730,137731,137733],{},[15,137732,34535],{}," did not change",[129,137735,137736,137738],{},[15,137737,129855],{}," contains the updated value",[20,137740,137741,137742,137744,137745,137747],{},"This happens because strings are ",[3563,137743,136620],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,137746,124156],{}," return a new string instead.",[30,137749,137751],{"id":137750},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,137753,89331,137754,137756],{},[15,137755,124156],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,137758,137759,137760,36447],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,137761,41082],{},[600,137763,137765],{"id":137764},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[35,137767,137769],{"className":37,"code":137768,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137770,137771,137784,137818,137822],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137772,137773,137775,137777,137779,137782],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137774,34514],{"class":50},[44,137776,55],{"class":54},[44,137778,1438],{"class":66},[44,137780,137781],{"class":70},"cat cat cat",[44,137783,3176],{"class":66},[44,137785,137786,137788,137790,137792,137794,137796,137798,137800,137802,137804,137806,137808,137810,137812,137814,137816],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,137787,2059],{"class":50},[44,137789,55],{"class":54},[44,137791,42655],{"class":50},[44,137793,504],{"class":62},[44,137795,34825],{"class":97},[44,137797,63],{"class":62},[44,137799,67],{"class":66},[44,137801,36873],{"class":70},[44,137803,67],{"class":66},[44,137805,186],{"class":62},[44,137807,1438],{"class":66},[44,137809,57755],{"class":70},[44,137811,67],{"class":66},[44,137813,186],{"class":62},[44,137815,711],{"class":452},[44,137817,76],{"class":62},[44,137819,137820],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,137821,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,137823,137824,137826,137828,137830],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,137825,82],{"class":58},[44,137827,63],{"class":62},[44,137829,2094],{"class":97},[44,137831,76],{"class":62},[20,137833,1031],{},[35,137835,137837],{"className":37,"code":137836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dog cat cat\n",[15,137838,137839],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137840,137841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137842,137836],{"class":50},[600,137844,137846],{"id":137845},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[35,137848,137850],{"className":37,"code":137849,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137851,137852,137864,137898,137902],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137853,137854,137856,137858,137860,137862],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137855,34514],{"class":50},[44,137857,55],{"class":54},[44,137859,1438],{"class":66},[44,137861,137781],{"class":70},[44,137863,3176],{"class":66},[44,137865,137866,137868,137870,137872,137874,137876,137878,137880,137882,137884,137886,137888,137890,137892,137894,137896],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,137867,2059],{"class":50},[44,137869,55],{"class":54},[44,137871,42655],{"class":50},[44,137873,504],{"class":62},[44,137875,34825],{"class":97},[44,137877,63],{"class":62},[44,137879,67],{"class":66},[44,137881,36873],{"class":70},[44,137883,67],{"class":66},[44,137885,186],{"class":62},[44,137887,1438],{"class":66},[44,137889,57755],{"class":70},[44,137891,67],{"class":66},[44,137893,186],{"class":62},[44,137895,2812],{"class":452},[44,137897,76],{"class":62},[44,137899,137900],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,137901,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,137903,137904,137906,137908,137910],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,137905,82],{"class":58},[44,137907,63],{"class":62},[44,137909,2094],{"class":97},[44,137911,76],{"class":62},[20,137913,1031],{},[35,137915,137917],{"className":37,"code":137916,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dog dog cat\n",[15,137918,137919],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137920,137921],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137922,137916],{"class":50},[20,137924,137925],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,137927,137928,137929,504],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[491,137930,127709],{"href":124153},[30,137932,137934],{"id":137933},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,137936,137937,137939],{},[15,137938,124156],{}," can also change single characters.",[600,137941,137943],{"id":137942},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[35,137945,137947],{"className":37,"code":137946,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137948,137949,137961,137991,137995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137950,137951,137953,137955,137957,137959],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137952,34514],{"class":50},[44,137954,55],{"class":54},[44,137956,1438],{"class":66},[44,137958,3912],{"class":70},[44,137960,3176],{"class":66},[44,137962,137963,137965,137967,137969,137971,137973,137975,137977,137979,137981,137983,137985,137987,137989],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,137964,2059],{"class":50},[44,137966,55],{"class":54},[44,137968,42655],{"class":50},[44,137970,504],{"class":62},[44,137972,34825],{"class":97},[44,137974,63],{"class":62},[44,137976,67],{"class":66},[44,137978,491],{"class":70},[44,137980,67],{"class":66},[44,137982,186],{"class":62},[44,137984,1438],{"class":66},[44,137986,60102],{"class":70},[44,137988,67],{"class":66},[44,137990,76],{"class":62},[44,137992,137993],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,137994,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,137996,137997,137999,138001,138003],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,137998,82],{"class":58},[44,138000,63],{"class":62},[44,138002,2094],{"class":97},[44,138004,76],{"class":62},[20,138006,1031],{},[35,138008,138010],{"className":37,"code":138009,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bonono\n",[15,138011,138012],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138013,138014],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138015,138009],{"class":50},[600,138017,138019],{"id":138018},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138021,138022],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[35,138024,138026],{"className":37,"code":138025,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138027,138028,138041,138065,138069],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138029,138030,138032,138034,138036,138039],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138031,34514],{"class":50},[44,138033,55],{"class":54},[44,138035,1438],{"class":66},[44,138037,138038],{"class":70},"a b c",[44,138040,3176],{"class":66},[44,138042,138043,138045,138047,138049,138051,138053,138055,138057,138059,138061,138063],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,138044,2059],{"class":50},[44,138046,55],{"class":54},[44,138048,42655],{"class":50},[44,138050,504],{"class":62},[44,138052,34825],{"class":97},[44,138054,63],{"class":62},[44,138056,67],{"class":66},[44,138058,1438],{"class":66},[44,138060,186],{"class":62},[44,138062,5955],{"class":66},[44,138064,76],{"class":62},[44,138066,138067],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,138068,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,138070,138071,138073,138075,138077],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,138072,82],{"class":58},[44,138074,63],{"class":62},[44,138076,2094],{"class":97},[44,138078,76],{"class":62},[20,138080,1031],{},[35,138082,138084],{"className":37,"code":138083,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"abc\n",[15,138085,138086],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138087,138088],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138089,138083],{"class":50},[20,138091,138092],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138094,138095,138096,138100,138101,138105],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[491,138097,125985,138098,10564],{"href":128672},[15,138099,60160],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[491,138102,125985,138103,10564],{"href":136555},[15,138104,41475],{}," is often a better choice.",[30,138107,123632],{"id":123631},[20,138109,138110,123443],{},[15,138111,124156],{},[20,138113,127030,138114,1126,138116,127037],{},[15,138115,112669],{},[15,138117,138118],{},"\"Cat\"",[35,138120,138122],{"className":37,"code":138121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138123,138124,138137,138167,138171],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138125,138126,138128,138130,138132,138135],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138127,34514],{"class":50},[44,138129,55],{"class":54},[44,138131,1438],{"class":66},[44,138133,138134],{"class":70},"Cat cat CAT",[44,138136,3176],{"class":66},[44,138138,138139,138141,138143,138145,138147,138149,138151,138153,138155,138157,138159,138161,138163,138165],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,138140,2059],{"class":50},[44,138142,55],{"class":54},[44,138144,42655],{"class":50},[44,138146,504],{"class":62},[44,138148,34825],{"class":97},[44,138150,63],{"class":62},[44,138152,67],{"class":66},[44,138154,36873],{"class":70},[44,138156,67],{"class":66},[44,138158,186],{"class":62},[44,138160,1438],{"class":66},[44,138162,57755],{"class":70},[44,138164,67],{"class":66},[44,138166,76],{"class":62},[44,138168,138169],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,138170,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,138172,138173,138175,138177,138179],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,138174,82],{"class":58},[44,138176,63],{"class":62},[44,138178,2094],{"class":97},[44,138180,76],{"class":62},[20,138182,1031],{},[35,138184,138186],{"className":37,"code":138185,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138187,138188],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138189,138190,138193],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138191,138192],{"class":50},"Cat dog ",[44,138194,138195],{"class":34279},"CAT\n",[20,138197,138198,138199,138201],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138200,112669],{}," was replaced.",[20,138203,138204],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138206,138207,138208,504],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[491,138209,125985,138210,10564],{"href":123712},[15,138211,123715],{},[30,138213,113,138215,370],{"id":138214},"what-replace-returns",[15,138216,124156],{},[20,138218,138219,138221],{},[15,138220,124156],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138223,138224],{},"If no match is found:",[126,138226,138227,138230],{},[129,138228,138229],{},"no error happens",[129,138231,138232],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138234,145],{},[35,138236,138238],{"className":37,"code":138237,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138239,138240,138252,138282,138286],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138241,138242,138244,138246,138248,138250],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138243,34514],{"class":50},[44,138245,55],{"class":54},[44,138247,1438],{"class":66},[44,138249,3667],{"class":70},[44,138251,3176],{"class":66},[44,138253,138254,138256,138258,138260,138262,138264,138266,138268,138270,138272,138274,138276,138278,138280],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,138255,2059],{"class":50},[44,138257,55],{"class":54},[44,138259,42655],{"class":50},[44,138261,504],{"class":62},[44,138263,34825],{"class":97},[44,138265,63],{"class":62},[44,138267,67],{"class":66},[44,138269,2003],{"class":70},[44,138271,67],{"class":66},[44,138273,186],{"class":62},[44,138275,1438],{"class":66},[44,138277,11570],{"class":70},[44,138279,67],{"class":66},[44,138281,76],{"class":62},[44,138283,138284],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,138285,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,138287,138288,138290,138292,138294],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,138289,82],{"class":58},[44,138291,63],{"class":62},[44,138293,2094],{"class":97},[44,138295,76],{"class":62},[20,138297,1031],{},[35,138299,138301],{"className":37,"code":138300,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello\n",[15,138302,138303],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138304,138305],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138306,138300],{"class":50},[20,138308,138309],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[35,138311,138313],{"className":37,"code":138312,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138314,138315,138327],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138316,138317,138319,138321,138323,138325],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138318,34514],{"class":50},[44,138320,55],{"class":54},[44,138322,1438],{"class":66},[44,138324,60035],{"class":70},[44,138326,3176],{"class":66},[44,138328,138329,138331,138333,138335,138337,138339,138341,138343,138345,138347,138349,138351,138353,138355],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,138330,129824],{"class":50},[44,138332,55],{"class":54},[44,138334,42655],{"class":50},[44,138336,504],{"class":62},[44,138338,34825],{"class":97},[44,138340,63],{"class":62},[44,138342,67],{"class":66},[44,138344,60220],{"class":70},[44,138346,67],{"class":66},[44,138348,186],{"class":62},[44,138350,1438],{"class":66},[44,138352,7127],{"class":70},[44,138354,67],{"class":66},[44,138356,76],{"class":62},[20,138358,138359],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[35,138361,138363],{"className":37,"code":138362,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138364,138365,138377],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138366,138367,138369,138371,138373,138375],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138368,34514],{"class":50},[44,138370,55],{"class":54},[44,138372,1438],{"class":66},[44,138374,60035],{"class":70},[44,138376,3176],{"class":66},[44,138378,138379,138381,138383,138385,138387,138389,138391,138393,138395,138397,138399,138401,138403,138405],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,138380,34514],{"class":50},[44,138382,55],{"class":54},[44,138384,42655],{"class":50},[44,138386,504],{"class":62},[44,138388,34825],{"class":97},[44,138390,63],{"class":62},[44,138392,67],{"class":66},[44,138394,60220],{"class":70},[44,138396,67],{"class":66},[44,138398,186],{"class":62},[44,138400,1438],{"class":66},[44,138402,7127],{"class":70},[44,138404,67],{"class":66},[44,138406,76],{"class":62},[30,138408,4344],{"id":4343},[20,138410,138411,138412,449],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138413,124156],{},[126,138415,138416,138419,138423,138426],{},[129,138417,138418],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[129,138420,8279,138421,131205],{},[15,138422,124156],{},[129,138424,138425],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[129,138427,37030,138428,138430],{},[15,138429,124156],{}," with regex-based replacements",[600,138432,138434,138435,138437],{"id":138433},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138436,124156],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138439,138440,138441,449],{},"This does not update ",[15,138442,34535],{},[35,138444,138446],{"className":37,"code":138445,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138447,138448,138460,138486],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138449,138450,138452,138454,138456,138458],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138451,34514],{"class":50},[44,138453,55],{"class":54},[44,138455,1438],{"class":66},[44,138457,137471],{"class":70},[44,138459,3176],{"class":66},[44,138461,138462,138464,138466,138468,138470,138472,138474,138476,138478,138480,138482,138484],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,138463,34535],{"class":50},[44,138465,504],{"class":62},[44,138467,34825],{"class":97},[44,138469,63],{"class":62},[44,138471,67],{"class":66},[44,138473,137492],{"class":70},[44,138475,67],{"class":66},[44,138477,186],{"class":62},[44,138479,1438],{"class":66},[44,138481,137501],{"class":70},[44,138483,67],{"class":66},[44,138485,76],{"class":62},[44,138487,138488,138490,138492,138494],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,138489,82],{"class":58},[44,138491,63],{"class":62},[44,138493,34535],{"class":97},[44,138495,76],{"class":62},[20,138497,1031],{},[35,138499,138500],{"className":37,"code":137719,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,138501,138502],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138503,138504],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138505,137719],{"class":50},[20,138507,10631],{},[35,138509,138511],{"className":37,"code":138510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138512,138513,138525,138555],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138514,138515,138517,138519,138521,138523],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138516,34514],{"class":50},[44,138518,55],{"class":54},[44,138520,1438],{"class":66},[44,138522,137471],{"class":70},[44,138524,3176],{"class":66},[44,138526,138527,138529,138531,138533,138535,138537,138539,138541,138543,138545,138547,138549,138551,138553],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,138528,34514],{"class":50},[44,138530,55],{"class":54},[44,138532,42655],{"class":50},[44,138534,504],{"class":62},[44,138536,34825],{"class":97},[44,138538,63],{"class":62},[44,138540,67],{"class":66},[44,138542,137492],{"class":70},[44,138544,67],{"class":66},[44,138546,186],{"class":62},[44,138548,1438],{"class":66},[44,138550,137501],{"class":70},[44,138552,67],{"class":66},[44,138554,76],{"class":62},[44,138556,138557,138559,138561,138563],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,138558,82],{"class":58},[44,138560,63],{"class":62},[44,138562,34535],{"class":97},[44,138564,76],{"class":62},[20,138566,1031],{},[35,138568,138569],{"className":37,"code":137520,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,138570,138571],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138572,138573],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138574,137520],{"class":50},[600,138576,138578],{"id":138577},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[35,138580,138582],{"className":37,"code":138581,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138583,138584,138596],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138585,138586,138588,138590,138592,138594],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138587,34514],{"class":50},[44,138589,55],{"class":54},[44,138591,1438],{"class":66},[44,138593,34693],{"class":70},[44,138595,3176],{"class":66},[44,138597,138598,138600,138602,138604,138606,138608,138610,138612,138614,138616,138618,138620,138622,138624],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,138599,82],{"class":58},[44,138601,63],{"class":62},[44,138603,34535],{"class":97},[44,138605,504],{"class":62},[44,138607,34825],{"class":97},[44,138609,63],{"class":62},[44,138611,67],{"class":66},[44,138613,3667],{"class":70},[44,138615,67],{"class":66},[44,138617,186],{"class":62},[44,138619,1438],{"class":66},[44,138621,89566],{"class":70},[44,138623,67],{"class":66},[44,138625,434],{"class":62},[20,138627,1031],{},[35,138629,138630],{"className":37,"code":88579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,138631,138632],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138633,138634],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138635,88579],{"class":50},[20,138637,138638,138639,1126,138641,138643],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138640,64164],{},[15,138642,90048],{}," are not the same.",[600,138645,138647],{"id":138646},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[35,138649,138651],{"className":37,"code":138650,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138652,138653,138666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138654,138655,138657,138659,138661,138664],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138656,34514],{"class":50},[44,138658,55],{"class":54},[44,138660,1438],{"class":66},[44,138662,138663],{"class":70},"red red red",[44,138665,3176],{"class":66},[44,138667,138668,138670,138672,138674,138676,138678,138680,138682,138684,138686,138688,138690,138692,138694],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,138669,82],{"class":58},[44,138671,63],{"class":62},[44,138673,34535],{"class":97},[44,138675,504],{"class":62},[44,138677,34825],{"class":97},[44,138679,63],{"class":62},[44,138681,67],{"class":66},[44,138683,12918],{"class":70},[44,138685,67],{"class":66},[44,138687,186],{"class":62},[44,138689,1438],{"class":66},[44,138691,12935],{"class":70},[44,138693,67],{"class":66},[44,138695,434],{"class":62},[20,138697,1031],{},[35,138699,138701],{"className":37,"code":138700,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138702,138703],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138704,138705],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138706,138700],{"class":50},[20,138708,138709,138710,449],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,138711,41082],{},[35,138713,138715],{"className":37,"code":138714,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,138716,138717,138729],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138718,138719,138721,138723,138725,138727],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138720,34514],{"class":50},[44,138722,55],{"class":54},[44,138724,1438],{"class":66},[44,138726,138663],{"class":70},[44,138728,3176],{"class":66},[44,138730,138731,138733,138735,138737,138739,138741,138743,138745,138747,138749,138751,138753,138755,138757,138759,138761],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,138732,82],{"class":58},[44,138734,63],{"class":62},[44,138736,34535],{"class":97},[44,138738,504],{"class":62},[44,138740,34825],{"class":97},[44,138742,63],{"class":62},[44,138744,67],{"class":66},[44,138746,12918],{"class":70},[44,138748,67],{"class":66},[44,138750,186],{"class":62},[44,138752,1438],{"class":66},[44,138754,12935],{"class":70},[44,138756,67],{"class":66},[44,138758,186],{"class":62},[44,138760,711],{"class":452},[44,138762,434],{"class":62},[20,138764,1031],{},[35,138766,138768],{"className":37,"code":138767,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"blue red red\n",[15,138769,138770],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138771,138772],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138773,138767],{"class":50},[600,138775,138777,138778,138780],{"id":138776},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,138779,124156],{}," for the wrong task",[20,138782,138783],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[126,138785,138786,138793,138800],{},[129,138787,103,138788,138792],{},[491,138789,138790],{"href":128672},[15,138791,60160],{}," to break a string into a list",[129,138794,103,138795,138799],{},[491,138796,138797],{"href":136555},[15,138798,41475],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[129,138801,103,138802,138804],{},[15,138803,124156],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[30,138806,1651],{"id":1650},[600,138808,1655,138810,124312],{"id":138809},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,138811,124156],{},[20,138813,138814],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[600,138816,138818],{"id":138817},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,138820,138821],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[600,138823,138825],{"id":138824},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,138827,138828],{},"Use the third argument:",[35,138830,138832],{"className":37,"code":138831,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,138833,138834],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138835,138836,138838,138840,138842,138844,138846,138848,138850,138852,138854],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138837,34535],{"class":50},[44,138839,504],{"class":62},[44,138841,34825],{"class":97},[44,138843,63],{"class":62},[44,138845,137582],{"class":97},[44,138847,186],{"class":62},[44,138849,137587],{"class":97},[44,138851,186],{"class":62},[44,138853,711],{"class":452},[44,138855,76],{"class":62},[600,138857,4997,138859,138861],{"id":138858},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,138860,124156],{}," remove text?",[20,138863,138864],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[35,138866,138868],{"className":37,"code":138867,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,138869,138870],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138871,138872,138874,138876,138878,138880,138882,138884,138886,138888,138890],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138873,34535],{"class":50},[44,138875,504],{"class":62},[44,138877,34825],{"class":97},[44,138879,63],{"class":62},[44,138881,67],{"class":66},[44,138883,2003],{"class":70},[44,138885,67],{"class":66},[44,138887,186],{"class":62},[44,138889,5955],{"class":66},[44,138891,76],{"class":62},[600,138893,14730,138895,124321],{"id":138894},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,138896,124156],{},[20,138898,129514],{},[30,138900,1719],{"id":1718},[126,138902,138903,138907,138913,138919,138925],{},[129,138904,138905],{},[491,138906,124391],{"href":124153},[129,138908,138909],{},[491,138910,125985,138911,10564],{"href":128672},[15,138912,60160],{},[129,138914,138915],{},[491,138916,125985,138917,10564],{"href":136555},[15,138918,41475],{},[129,138920,138921],{},[491,138922,125985,138923,10564],{"href":123712},[15,138924,123715],{},[129,138926,138927],{},[491,138928,124740],{"href":50601},[1758,138930,138931],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":138933},[138934,138935,138937,138940,138941,138945,138949,138950,138952,138960,138970],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":137535,"depth":79,"text":138936},"What replace() does",{"id":5259,"depth":79,"text":5260,"children":138938},[138939],{"id":17223,"depth":419,"text":17224},{"id":5615,"depth":79,"text":5616},{"id":137750,"depth":79,"text":137751,"children":138942},[138943,138944],{"id":137764,"depth":419,"text":137765},{"id":137845,"depth":419,"text":137846},{"id":137933,"depth":79,"text":137934,"children":138946},[138947,138948],{"id":137942,"depth":419,"text":137943},{"id":138018,"depth":419,"text":138019},{"id":123631,"depth":79,"text":123632},{"id":138214,"depth":79,"text":138951},"What replace() returns",{"id":4343,"depth":79,"text":4344,"children":138953},[138954,138956,138957,138958],{"id":138433,"depth":419,"text":138955},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138577,"depth":419,"text":138578},{"id":138646,"depth":419,"text":138647},{"id":138776,"depth":419,"text":138959},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":138961},[138962,138964,138965,138966,138968],{"id":138809,"depth":419,"text":138963},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138817,"depth":419,"text":138818},{"id":138824,"depth":419,"text":138825},{"id":138858,"depth":419,"text":138967},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":138894,"depth":419,"text":138969},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137420,"description":138971},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":138978,"title":138979,"body":138980,"description":140999,"extension":1796,"meta":141000,"navigation":807,"path":141001,"seo":141002,"stem":141003,"__hash__":141004},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":138981,"toc":140963},[138982,138987,138992,138995,139006,139008,139063,139068,139073,139080,139082,139097,139099,139155,139157,139195,139200,139202,139226,139229,139242,139247,139249,139281,139283,139316,139322,139327,139330,139340,139343,139345,139401,139403,139453,139456,139464,139467,139523,139525,139598,139611,139619,139623,139634,139637,139640,139693,139695,139727,139730,139784,139786,139821,139824,139829,139834,139839,139842,139844,139902,139904,139938,139940,139955,139958,139960,140002,140004,140030,140035,140043,140046,140048,140130,140132,140183,140186,140197,140205,140207,140280,140282,140300,140304,140307,140311,140338,140340,140348,140352,140387,140389,140402,140406,140409,140448,140450,140467,140472,140477,140488,140491,140502,140504,140506,140532,140535,140584,140586,140603,140606,140608,140660,140662,140694,140697,140755,140760,140762,140767,140870,140872,140886,140888,140895,140900,140905,140910,140915,140920,140923,140927,140932,140934,140960],[10,138983,122985,138985,11147],{"id":138984},"python-string-split-method",[15,138986,60160],{},[20,138988,122990,138989,138991],{},[15,138990,60160],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,138993,138994],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[126,138996,138997,139000,139003],{},[129,138998,138999],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[129,139001,139002],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[129,139004,139005],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[30,139007,33],{"id":32},[35,139009,139011],{"className":37,"code":139010,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139012,139013,139026,139048,139058],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139014,139015,139017,139019,139021,139024],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139016,34514],{"class":50},[44,139018,55],{"class":54},[44,139020,1438],{"class":66},[44,139022,139023],{"class":70},"apple,banana,cherry",[44,139025,3176],{"class":66},[44,139027,139028,139030,139032,139034,139036,139038,139040,139042,139044,139046],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,139029,42650],{"class":50},[44,139031,55],{"class":54},[44,139033,42655],{"class":50},[44,139035,504],{"class":62},[44,139037,34295],{"class":97},[44,139039,63],{"class":62},[44,139041,67],{"class":66},[44,139043,186],{"class":70},[44,139045,67],{"class":66},[44,139047,76],{"class":62},[44,139049,139050,139052,139054,139056],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,139051,82],{"class":58},[44,139053,63],{"class":62},[44,139055,42682],{"class":97},[44,139057,76],{"class":62},[44,139059,139060],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,139061,139062],{"class":3483},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139064,103,139065,139067],{},[15,139066,60160],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[30,139069,113,139071,116],{"id":139070},"what-split-does",[15,139072,60160],{},[20,139074,139075,132033,139077,504],{},[15,139076,60160],{},[3563,139078,139079],{},"string method",[20,139081,48552],{},[126,139083,139084,139087,139092],{},[129,139085,139086],{},"divides a string into parts",[129,139088,119287,139089],{},[3563,139090,139091],{},"new list of strings",[129,139093,119293,139094,139096],{},[3563,139095,4457],{}," change the original string",[20,139098,145],{},[35,139100,139102],{"className":37,"code":139101,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139103,139104,139117,139131,139135,139145],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139105,139106,139108,139110,139112,139115],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139107,34514],{"class":50},[44,139109,55],{"class":54},[44,139111,1438],{"class":66},[44,139113,139114],{"class":70},"red blue green",[44,139116,3176],{"class":66},[44,139118,139119,139121,139123,139125,139127,139129],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,139120,42650],{"class":50},[44,139122,55],{"class":54},[44,139124,42655],{"class":50},[44,139126,504],{"class":62},[44,139128,34295],{"class":97},[44,139130,345],{"class":62},[44,139132,139133],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,139134,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,139136,139137,139139,139141,139143],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,139138,82],{"class":58},[44,139140,63],{"class":62},[44,139142,34535],{"class":97},[44,139144,76],{"class":62},[44,139146,139147,139149,139151,139153],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,139148,82],{"class":58},[44,139150,63],{"class":62},[44,139152,42682],{"class":97},[44,139154,76],{"class":62},[20,139156,1031],{},[35,139158,139160],{"className":37,"code":139159,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139161,139162,139167],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139163,139164],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139165,139166],{"class":50},"red blue green\n",[44,139168,139169,139171,139173,139175,139177,139179,139181,139183,139185,139187,139189,139191,139193],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,139170,3723],{"class":62},[44,139172,476],{"class":66},[44,139174,12918],{"class":70},[44,139176,476],{"class":66},[44,139178,186],{"class":62},[44,139180,470],{"class":66},[44,139182,12935],{"class":70},[44,139184,476],{"class":66},[44,139186,186],{"class":62},[44,139188,470],{"class":66},[44,139190,17285],{"class":70},[44,139192,476],{"class":66},[44,139194,3453],{"class":62},[20,139196,139197,139198,504],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[491,139199,124740],{"href":50601},[30,139201,250],{"id":249},[35,139203,139205],{"className":37,"code":139204,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139206,139207],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139208,139209,139211,139213,139215,139217,139219,139221,139224],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139210,60803],{"class":50},[44,139212,504],{"class":62},[44,139214,34295],{"class":97},[44,139216,63],{"class":62},[44,139218,133389],{"class":97},[44,139220,186],{"class":62},[44,139222,139223],{"class":97}," maxsplit",[44,139225,76],{"class":62},[20,139227,139228],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[126,139230,139231,139236],{},[129,139232,139233,139235],{},[15,139234,133389],{}," tells Python where to split",[129,139237,139238,139241],{},[15,139239,139240],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139243,8700,139244,139246],{},[15,139245,133389],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139248,145],{},[35,139250,139252],{"className":37,"code":139251,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139253,139254,139267],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139255,139256,139258,139260,139262,139265],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139257,34514],{"class":50},[44,139259,55],{"class":54},[44,139261,1438],{"class":66},[44,139263,139264],{"class":70},"one two three",[44,139266,3176],{"class":66},[44,139268,139269,139271,139273,139275,139277,139279],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,139270,82],{"class":58},[44,139272,63],{"class":62},[44,139274,34535],{"class":97},[44,139276,504],{"class":62},[44,139278,34295],{"class":97},[44,139280,7025],{"class":62},[20,139282,1031],{},[35,139284,139286],{"className":37,"code":139285,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139287,139288],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139289,139290,139292,139294,139296,139298,139300,139302,139304,139306,139308,139310,139312,139314],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139291,3723],{"class":62},[44,139293,476],{"class":66},[44,139295,6415],{"class":70},[44,139297,476],{"class":66},[44,139299,186],{"class":62},[44,139301,470],{"class":66},[44,139303,78901],{"class":70},[44,139305,476],{"class":66},[44,139307,186],{"class":62},[44,139309,470],{"class":66},[44,139311,133871],{"class":70},[44,139313,476],{"class":66},[44,139315,3453],{"class":62},[30,139317,8243,139319,139321],{"id":139318},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139320,60160],{}," with no separator",[20,139323,69804,139324,139326],{},[15,139325,60160],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139328,139329],{},"Whitespace includes:",[126,139331,139332,139334,139337],{},[129,139333,10274],{},[129,139335,139336],{},"tabs",[129,139338,139339],{},"new lines",[20,139341,139342],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139344,145],{},[35,139346,139348],{"className":37,"code":139347,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139349,139350,139373,139387,139391],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139351,139352,139354,139356,139358,139361,139364,139366,139368,139371],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139353,34514],{"class":50},[44,139355,55],{"class":54},[44,139357,1438],{"class":66},[44,139359,139360],{"class":70},"Python   is",[44,139362,139363],{"class":34279},"\\t",[44,139365,133125],{"class":70},[44,139367,86783],{"class":34279},[44,139369,139370],{"class":70},"and useful",[44,139372,3176],{"class":66},[44,139374,139375,139377,139379,139381,139383,139385],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,139376,42650],{"class":50},[44,139378,55],{"class":54},[44,139380,42655],{"class":50},[44,139382,504],{"class":62},[44,139384,34295],{"class":97},[44,139386,345],{"class":62},[44,139388,139389],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,139390,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,139392,139393,139395,139397,139399],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,139394,82],{"class":58},[44,139396,63],{"class":62},[44,139398,42682],{"class":97},[44,139400,76],{"class":62},[20,139402,1031],{},[35,139404,139406],{"className":37,"code":139405,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139407,139408],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139409,139410,139412,139414,139416,139418,139420,139422,139424,139426,139428,139430,139432,139434,139436,139438,139440,139442,139444,139446,139449,139451],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139411,3723],{"class":62},[44,139413,476],{"class":66},[44,139415,7127],{"class":70},[44,139417,476],{"class":66},[44,139419,186],{"class":62},[44,139421,470],{"class":66},[44,139423,206],{"class":70},[44,139425,476],{"class":66},[44,139427,186],{"class":62},[44,139429,470],{"class":66},[44,139431,133125],{"class":70},[44,139433,476],{"class":66},[44,139435,186],{"class":62},[44,139437,470],{"class":66},[44,139439,129750],{"class":70},[44,139441,476],{"class":66},[44,139443,186],{"class":62},[44,139445,470],{"class":66},[44,139447,139448],{"class":70},"useful",[44,139450,476],{"class":66},[44,139452,3453],{"class":62},[20,139454,139455],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[600,139457,139459,10408,139461],{"id":139458},"split-vs-split",[15,139460,60160],{},[15,139462,139463],{},"split(' ')",[20,139465,139466],{},"These are not the same.",[35,139468,139470],{"className":37,"code":139469,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139471,139472,139485,139489,139503],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139473,139474,139476,139478,139480,139483],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139475,34514],{"class":50},[44,139477,55],{"class":54},[44,139479,1438],{"class":66},[44,139481,139482],{"class":70},"a  b   c",[44,139484,3176],{"class":66},[44,139486,139487],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,139488,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,139490,139491,139493,139495,139497,139499,139501],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,139492,82],{"class":58},[44,139494,63],{"class":62},[44,139496,34535],{"class":97},[44,139498,504],{"class":62},[44,139500,34295],{"class":97},[44,139502,7025],{"class":62},[44,139504,139505,139507,139509,139511,139513,139515,139517,139519,139521],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,139506,82],{"class":58},[44,139508,63],{"class":62},[44,139510,34535],{"class":97},[44,139512,504],{"class":62},[44,139514,34295],{"class":97},[44,139516,63],{"class":62},[44,139518,67],{"class":66},[44,139520,1438],{"class":66},[44,139522,434],{"class":62},[20,139524,1031],{},[35,139526,139528],{"className":37,"code":139527,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139529,139530,139558],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139531,139532,139534,139536,139538,139540,139542,139544,139546,139548,139550,139552,139554,139556],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139533,3723],{"class":62},[44,139535,476],{"class":66},[44,139537,491],{"class":70},[44,139539,476],{"class":66},[44,139541,186],{"class":62},[44,139543,470],{"class":66},[44,139545,4587],{"class":70},[44,139547,476],{"class":66},[44,139549,186],{"class":62},[44,139551,470],{"class":66},[44,139553,9561],{"class":70},[44,139555,476],{"class":66},[44,139557,3453],{"class":62},[44,139559,139560,139562,139564,139566,139568,139570,139572,139574,139576,139578,139580,139582,139584,139586,139588,139590,139592,139594,139596],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,139561,3723],{"class":62},[44,139563,476],{"class":66},[44,139565,491],{"class":70},[44,139567,476],{"class":66},[44,139569,186],{"class":62},[44,139571,3660],{"class":66},[44,139573,186],{"class":62},[44,139575,470],{"class":66},[44,139577,4587],{"class":70},[44,139579,476],{"class":66},[44,139581,186],{"class":62},[44,139583,3660],{"class":66},[44,139585,186],{"class":62},[44,139587,3660],{"class":66},[44,139589,186],{"class":62},[44,139591,470],{"class":66},[44,139593,9561],{"class":70},[44,139595,476],{"class":66},[44,139597,3453],{"class":62},[126,139599,139600,139605],{},[129,139601,139602,139604],{},[15,139603,60160],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[129,139606,139607,139610],{},[15,139608,139609],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139612,139613,139614,139618],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[491,139615,125985,139616,10564],{"href":136555},[15,139617,41475],{}," is often useful.",[30,139620,139622],{"id":139621},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139624,139625,139626,2018,139629,2022,139631,504],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139627,139628],{},"\",\"",[15,139630,133224],{},[15,139632,139633],{},"\"::\"",[20,139635,139636],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139638,139639],{},"Example with commas:",[35,139641,139643],{"className":37,"code":139642,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139644,139645,139657,139679,139683],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139646,139647,139649,139651,139653,139655],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139648,34514],{"class":50},[44,139650,55],{"class":54},[44,139652,1438],{"class":66},[44,139654,139023],{"class":70},[44,139656,3176],{"class":66},[44,139658,139659,139661,139663,139665,139667,139669,139671,139673,139675,139677],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,139660,42650],{"class":50},[44,139662,55],{"class":54},[44,139664,42655],{"class":50},[44,139666,504],{"class":62},[44,139668,34295],{"class":97},[44,139670,63],{"class":62},[44,139672,67],{"class":66},[44,139674,186],{"class":70},[44,139676,67],{"class":66},[44,139678,76],{"class":62},[44,139680,139681],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,139682,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,139684,139685,139687,139689,139691],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,139686,82],{"class":58},[44,139688,63],{"class":62},[44,139690,42682],{"class":97},[44,139692,76],{"class":62},[20,139694,1031],{},[35,139696,139697],{"className":37,"code":78080,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,139698,139699],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139700,139701,139703,139705,139707,139709,139711,139713,139715,139717,139719,139721,139723,139725],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139702,3723],{"class":62},[44,139704,476],{"class":66},[44,139706,3903],{"class":70},[44,139708,476],{"class":66},[44,139710,186],{"class":62},[44,139712,470],{"class":66},[44,139714,3912],{"class":70},[44,139716,476],{"class":66},[44,139718,186],{"class":62},[44,139720,470],{"class":66},[44,139722,3921],{"class":70},[44,139724,476],{"class":66},[44,139726,3453],{"class":62},[20,139728,139729],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[35,139731,139733],{"className":37,"code":139732,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139734,139735,139748,139770,139774],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139736,139737,139739,139741,139743,139746],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139738,34514],{"class":50},[44,139740,55],{"class":54},[44,139742,1438],{"class":66},[44,139744,139745],{"class":70},"2024::10::31",[44,139747,3176],{"class":66},[44,139749,139750,139752,139754,139756,139758,139760,139762,139764,139766,139768],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,139751,42650],{"class":50},[44,139753,55],{"class":54},[44,139755,42655],{"class":50},[44,139757,504],{"class":62},[44,139759,34295],{"class":97},[44,139761,63],{"class":62},[44,139763,67],{"class":66},[44,139765,76297],{"class":70},[44,139767,67],{"class":66},[44,139769,76],{"class":62},[44,139771,139772],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,139773,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,139775,139776,139778,139780,139782],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,139777,82],{"class":58},[44,139779,63],{"class":62},[44,139781,42682],{"class":97},[44,139783,76],{"class":62},[20,139785,1031],{},[35,139787,139789],{"className":37,"code":139788,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,139790,139791],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139792,139793,139795,139797,139800,139802,139804,139806,139808,139810,139812,139814,139817,139819],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139794,3723],{"class":62},[44,139796,476],{"class":66},[44,139798,139799],{"class":70},"2024",[44,139801,476],{"class":66},[44,139803,186],{"class":62},[44,139805,470],{"class":66},[44,139807,2161],{"class":70},[44,139809,476],{"class":66},[44,139811,186],{"class":62},[44,139813,470],{"class":66},[44,139815,139816],{"class":70},"31",[44,139818,476],{"class":66},[44,139820,3453],{"class":62},[20,139822,139823],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,139825,139826,139827,504],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[491,139828,128669],{"href":128668},[30,139830,8243,139832],{"id":139831},"using-maxsplit",[15,139833,139240],{},[20,139835,139836,139838],{},[15,139837,139240],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,139840,139841],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,139843,145],{},[35,139845,139847],{"className":37,"code":139846,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139848,139849,139862,139888,139892],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139850,139851,139853,139855,139857,139860],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139852,34514],{"class":50},[44,139854,55],{"class":54},[44,139856,1438],{"class":66},[44,139858,139859],{"class":70},"name:age:city:country",[44,139861,3176],{"class":66},[44,139863,139864,139866,139868,139870,139872,139874,139876,139878,139880,139882,139884,139886],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,139865,42650],{"class":50},[44,139867,55],{"class":54},[44,139869,42655],{"class":50},[44,139871,504],{"class":62},[44,139873,34295],{"class":97},[44,139875,63],{"class":62},[44,139877,67],{"class":66},[44,139879,449],{"class":70},[44,139881,67],{"class":66},[44,139883,186],{"class":62},[44,139885,2812],{"class":452},[44,139887,76],{"class":62},[44,139889,139890],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,139891,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,139893,139894,139896,139898,139900],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,139895,82],{"class":58},[44,139897,63],{"class":62},[44,139899,42682],{"class":97},[44,139901,76],{"class":62},[20,139903,1031],{},[35,139905,139907],{"className":37,"code":139906,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,139908,139909],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139910,139911,139913,139915,139917,139919,139921,139923,139925,139927,139929,139931,139934,139936],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139912,3723],{"class":62},[44,139914,476],{"class":66},[44,139916,652],{"class":70},[44,139918,476],{"class":66},[44,139920,186],{"class":62},[44,139922,470],{"class":66},[44,139924,414],{"class":70},[44,139926,476],{"class":66},[44,139928,186],{"class":62},[44,139930,470],{"class":66},[44,139932,139933],{"class":70},"city:country",[44,139935,476],{"class":66},[44,139937,3453],{"class":62},[20,139939,2008],{},[126,139941,139942,139947,139952],{},[129,139943,139944,139945],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,139946,449],{},[129,139948,139949,139950],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,139951,449],{},[129,139953,139954],{},"then stops",[20,139956,139957],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,139959,51706],{},[35,139961,139963],{"className":37,"code":139962,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,139964,139965,139978],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139966,139967,139969,139971,139973,139976],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139968,34514],{"class":50},[44,139970,55],{"class":54},[44,139972,1438],{"class":66},[44,139974,139975],{"class":70},"apple banana cherry grape",[44,139977,3176],{"class":66},[44,139979,139980,139982,139984,139986,139988,139990,139992,139994,139996,139998,140000],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,139981,82],{"class":58},[44,139983,63],{"class":62},[44,139985,34535],{"class":97},[44,139987,504],{"class":62},[44,139989,34295],{"class":97},[44,139991,63],{"class":62},[44,139993,67],{"class":66},[44,139995,1438],{"class":66},[44,139997,186],{"class":62},[44,139999,711],{"class":452},[44,140001,434],{"class":62},[20,140003,1031],{},[35,140005,140007],{"className":37,"code":140006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140008,140009],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140010,140011,140013,140015,140017,140019,140021,140023,140026,140028],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140012,3723],{"class":62},[44,140014,476],{"class":66},[44,140016,3903],{"class":70},[44,140018,476],{"class":66},[44,140020,186],{"class":62},[44,140022,470],{"class":66},[44,140024,140025],{"class":70},"banana cherry grape",[44,140027,476],{"class":66},[44,140029,3453],{"class":62},[30,140031,113,140033,370],{"id":140032},"what-split-returns",[15,140034,60160],{},[20,140036,140037,140038,140040,140041,504],{},"The result of ",[15,140039,60160],{}," is always a ",[3563,140042,7921],{},[20,140044,140045],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140047,145],{},[35,140049,140051],{"className":37,"code":140050,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140052,140053,140066,140088,140092,140102,140116],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140054,140055,140057,140059,140061,140064],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140056,34514],{"class":50},[44,140058,55],{"class":54},[44,140060,1438],{"class":66},[44,140062,140063],{"class":70},"cat,dog,bird",[44,140065,3176],{"class":66},[44,140067,140068,140070,140072,140074,140076,140078,140080,140082,140084,140086],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,140069,42650],{"class":50},[44,140071,55],{"class":54},[44,140073,42655],{"class":50},[44,140075,504],{"class":62},[44,140077,34295],{"class":97},[44,140079,63],{"class":62},[44,140081,67],{"class":66},[44,140083,186],{"class":70},[44,140085,67],{"class":66},[44,140087,76],{"class":62},[44,140089,140090],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,140091,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,140093,140094,140096,140098,140100],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,140095,82],{"class":58},[44,140097,63],{"class":62},[44,140099,42682],{"class":97},[44,140101,76],{"class":62},[44,140103,140104,140106,140108,140110,140112,140114],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,140105,82],{"class":58},[44,140107,63],{"class":62},[44,140109,427],{"class":426},[44,140111,63],{"class":62},[44,140113,42682],{"class":97},[44,140115,434],{"class":62},[44,140117,140118,140120,140122,140124,140126,140128],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,140119,82],{"class":58},[44,140121,63],{"class":62},[44,140123,42682],{"class":97},[44,140125,3723],{"class":62},[44,140127,1951],{"class":452},[44,140129,3711],{"class":62},[20,140131,1031],{},[35,140133,140135],{"className":37,"code":140134,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140136,140137,140165,140179],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140138,140139,140141,140143,140145,140147,140149,140151,140153,140155,140157,140159,140161,140163],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140140,3723],{"class":62},[44,140142,476],{"class":66},[44,140144,36873],{"class":70},[44,140146,476],{"class":66},[44,140148,186],{"class":62},[44,140150,470],{"class":66},[44,140152,57755],{"class":70},[44,140154,476],{"class":66},[44,140156,186],{"class":62},[44,140158,470],{"class":66},[44,140160,57772],{"class":70},[44,140162,476],{"class":66},[44,140164,3453],{"class":62},[44,140166,140167,140169,140171,140173,140175,140177],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,140168,463],{"class":54},[44,140170,467],{"class":466},[44,140172,470],{"class":66},[44,140174,7921],{"class":70},[44,140176,476],{"class":66},[44,140178,479],{"class":54},[44,140180,140181],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,140182,85099],{"class":50},[20,140184,140185],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[126,140187,140188,140191,140194],{},[129,140189,140190],{},"loop over it",[129,140192,140193],{},"access items by index",[129,140195,140196],{},"combine items again later",[20,140198,140199,140200,504],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[491,140201,125985,140203,10564],{"href":140202},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140204,133067],{},[20,140206,145],{},[35,140208,140210],{"className":37,"code":140209,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140211,140212,140244,140266,140270],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140213,140214,140216,140218,140220,140222,140224,140226,140228,140230,140232,140234,140236,140238,140240,140242],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140215,42650],{"class":50},[44,140217,55],{"class":54},[44,140219,3440],{"class":62},[44,140221,476],{"class":66},[44,140223,36873],{"class":70},[44,140225,476],{"class":66},[44,140227,186],{"class":62},[44,140229,470],{"class":66},[44,140231,57755],{"class":70},[44,140233,476],{"class":66},[44,140235,186],{"class":62},[44,140237,470],{"class":66},[44,140239,57772],{"class":70},[44,140241,476],{"class":66},[44,140243,3453],{"class":62},[44,140245,140246,140248,140250,140252,140254,140256,140258,140260,140262,140264],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,140247,34514],{"class":50},[44,140249,55],{"class":54},[44,140251,1438],{"class":66},[44,140253,1854],{"class":70},[44,140255,67],{"class":66},[44,140257,504],{"class":62},[44,140259,133144],{"class":97},[44,140261,63],{"class":62},[44,140263,42682],{"class":97},[44,140265,76],{"class":62},[44,140267,140268],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,140269,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,140271,140272,140274,140276,140278],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,140273,82],{"class":58},[44,140275,63],{"class":62},[44,140277,34535],{"class":97},[44,140279,76],{"class":62},[20,140281,1031],{},[35,140283,140285],{"className":37,"code":140284,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140286,140287],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140288,140289,140291,140293,140295,140297],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140290,36873],{"class":50},[44,140292,1854],{"class":54},[44,140294,57755],{"class":50},[44,140296,1854],{"class":54},[44,140298,140299],{"class":50},"bird\n",[30,140301,140303],{"id":140302},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140305,140306],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[600,140308,140310],{"id":140309},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[35,140312,140314],{"className":37,"code":140313,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140315,140316,140324],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140317,140318,140320,140322],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140319,34514],{"class":50},[44,140321,55],{"class":54},[44,140323,7711],{"class":66},[44,140325,140326,140328,140330,140332,140334,140336],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,140327,82],{"class":58},[44,140329,63],{"class":62},[44,140331,34535],{"class":97},[44,140333,504],{"class":62},[44,140335,34295],{"class":97},[44,140337,7025],{"class":62},[20,140339,1031],{},[35,140341,140342],{"className":37,"code":38123,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,140343,140344],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140345,140346],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140347,38123],{"class":62},[600,140349,140351],{"id":140350},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[35,140353,140355],{"className":37,"code":140354,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140356,140357,140365],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140358,140359,140361,140363],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140360,34514],{"class":50},[44,140362,55],{"class":54},[44,140364,7711],{"class":66},[44,140366,140367,140369,140371,140373,140375,140377,140379,140381,140383,140385],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,140368,82],{"class":58},[44,140370,63],{"class":62},[44,140372,34535],{"class":97},[44,140374,504],{"class":62},[44,140376,34295],{"class":97},[44,140378,63],{"class":62},[44,140380,67],{"class":66},[44,140382,186],{"class":70},[44,140384,67],{"class":66},[44,140386,434],{"class":62},[20,140388,1031],{},[35,140390,140392],{"className":37,"code":140391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['']\n",[15,140393,140394],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140395,140396,140398,140400],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140397,3723],{"class":62},[44,140399,3594],{"class":66},[44,140401,3453],{"class":62},[600,140403,140405],{"id":140404},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140407,140408],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[35,140410,140412],{"className":37,"code":140411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140413,140414,140426],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140415,140416,140418,140420,140422,140424],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140417,34514],{"class":50},[44,140419,55],{"class":54},[44,140421,1438],{"class":66},[44,140423,3667],{"class":70},[44,140425,3176],{"class":66},[44,140427,140428,140430,140432,140434,140436,140438,140440,140442,140444,140446],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,140429,82],{"class":58},[44,140431,63],{"class":62},[44,140433,34535],{"class":97},[44,140435,504],{"class":62},[44,140437,34295],{"class":97},[44,140439,63],{"class":62},[44,140441,67],{"class":66},[44,140443,186],{"class":70},[44,140445,67],{"class":66},[44,140447,434],{"class":62},[20,140449,1031],{},[35,140451,140453],{"className":37,"code":140452,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['hello']\n",[15,140454,140455],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140456,140457,140459,140461,140463,140465],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140458,3723],{"class":62},[44,140460,476],{"class":66},[44,140462,3667],{"class":70},[44,140464,476],{"class":66},[44,140466,3453],{"class":62},[30,140468,4788,140470],{"id":140469},"when-to-use-split",[15,140471,60160],{},[20,140473,103,140474,140476],{},[15,140475,60160],{}," when you need to:",[126,140478,140479,140482,140485],{},[129,140480,140481],{},"split a sentence into words",[129,140483,140484],{},"split comma-separated values",[129,140486,140487],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140489,140490],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[126,140492,140493,140496,140499],{},[129,140494,140495],{},"cleaning text",[129,140497,140498],{},"parsing user input",[129,140500,140501],{},"processing simple file content",[30,140503,1486],{"id":1485},[20,140505,83870],{},[126,140507,140508,140512,140518,140521,140529],{},[129,140509,50131,140510,131205],{},[15,140511,60160],{},[129,140513,140514,140515,140517],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140516,60160],{}," returns a list, not a string",[129,140519,140520],{},"using the wrong separator",[129,140522,140523,140524,140526,140527],{},"assuming ",[15,140525,139463],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140528,60160],{},[129,140530,140531],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140533,140534],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[35,140536,140538],{"className":37,"code":140537,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140539,140540,140552,140570,140574],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140541,140542,140544,140546,140548,140550],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140543,34514],{"class":50},[44,140545,55],{"class":54},[44,140547,1438],{"class":66},[44,140549,42643],{"class":70},[44,140551,3176],{"class":66},[44,140553,140554,140556,140558,140560,140562,140564,140566,140568],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,140555,34535],{"class":50},[44,140557,504],{"class":62},[44,140559,34295],{"class":97},[44,140561,63],{"class":62},[44,140563,67],{"class":66},[44,140565,186],{"class":70},[44,140567,67],{"class":66},[44,140569,76],{"class":62},[44,140571,140572],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,140573,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,140575,140576,140578,140580,140582],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,140577,82],{"class":58},[44,140579,63],{"class":62},[44,140581,34535],{"class":97},[44,140583,76],{"class":62},[20,140585,1031],{},[35,140587,140589],{"className":37,"code":140588,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a,b,c\n",[15,140590,140591],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140592,140593,140595,140597,140599,140601],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140594,491],{"class":50},[44,140596,186],{"class":62},[44,140598,4587],{"class":50},[44,140600,186],{"class":62},[44,140602,68876],{"class":50},[20,140604,140605],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140607,10631],{},[35,140609,140610],{"className":37,"code":42630,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,140611,140612,140624,140646,140650],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140613,140614,140616,140618,140620,140622],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140615,34514],{"class":50},[44,140617,55],{"class":54},[44,140619,1438],{"class":66},[44,140621,42643],{"class":70},[44,140623,3176],{"class":66},[44,140625,140626,140628,140630,140632,140634,140636,140638,140640,140642,140644],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,140627,42650],{"class":50},[44,140629,55],{"class":54},[44,140631,42655],{"class":50},[44,140633,504],{"class":62},[44,140635,34295],{"class":97},[44,140637,63],{"class":62},[44,140639,67],{"class":66},[44,140641,186],{"class":70},[44,140643,67],{"class":66},[44,140645,76],{"class":62},[44,140647,140648],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,140649,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,140651,140652,140654,140656,140658],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,140653,82],{"class":58},[44,140655,63],{"class":62},[44,140657,42682],{"class":97},[44,140659,76],{"class":62},[20,140661,1031],{},[35,140663,140664],{"className":37,"code":42689,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,140665,140666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140667,140668,140670,140672,140674,140676,140678,140680,140682,140684,140686,140688,140690,140692],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140669,3723],{"class":62},[44,140671,476],{"class":66},[44,140673,491],{"class":70},[44,140675,476],{"class":66},[44,140677,186],{"class":62},[44,140679,470],{"class":66},[44,140681,4587],{"class":70},[44,140683,476],{"class":66},[44,140685,186],{"class":62},[44,140687,470],{"class":66},[44,140689,9561],{"class":70},[44,140691,476],{"class":66},[44,140693,3453],{"class":62},[20,140695,140696],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[35,140698,140700],{"className":37,"code":140699,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140701,140702,140715,140737,140741],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140703,140704,140706,140708,140710,140713],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140705,34514],{"class":50},[44,140707,55],{"class":54},[44,140709,1438],{"class":66},[44,140711,140712],{"class":70},"apple,banana",[44,140714,3176],{"class":66},[44,140716,140717,140719,140721,140723,140725,140727,140729,140731,140733,140735],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,140718,42650],{"class":50},[44,140720,55],{"class":54},[44,140722,42655],{"class":50},[44,140724,504],{"class":62},[44,140726,34295],{"class":97},[44,140728,63],{"class":62},[44,140730,67],{"class":66},[44,140732,186],{"class":70},[44,140734,67],{"class":66},[44,140736,76],{"class":62},[44,140738,140739],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,140740,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,140742,140743,140745,140747,140749,140751,140753],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,140744,82],{"class":58},[44,140746,63],{"class":62},[44,140748,42682],{"class":97},[44,140750,3723],{"class":62},[44,140752,1889],{"class":452},[44,140754,3711],{"class":62},[20,140756,140757,140758,504],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[491,140759,68889],{"href":68888},[600,140761,60339],{"id":60338},[20,140763,8700,140764,140766],{},[15,140765,60160],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[35,140768,140770],{"className":37,"code":140769,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,140771,140772,140782,140796,140818,140844],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140773,140774,140776,140778,140780],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140775,82],{"class":58},[44,140777,63],{"class":62},[44,140779,34535],{"class":97},[44,140781,76],{"class":62},[44,140783,140784,140786,140788,140790,140792,140794],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,140785,82],{"class":58},[44,140787,63],{"class":62},[44,140789,34535],{"class":97},[44,140791,504],{"class":62},[44,140793,34295],{"class":97},[44,140795,7025],{"class":62},[44,140797,140798,140800,140802,140804,140806,140808,140810,140812,140814,140816],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,140799,82],{"class":58},[44,140801,63],{"class":62},[44,140803,34535],{"class":97},[44,140805,504],{"class":62},[44,140807,34295],{"class":97},[44,140809,63],{"class":62},[44,140811,476],{"class":66},[44,140813,186],{"class":70},[44,140815,476],{"class":66},[44,140817,434],{"class":62},[44,140819,140820,140822,140824,140826,140828,140830,140832,140834,140836,140838,140840,140842],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,140821,82],{"class":58},[44,140823,63],{"class":62},[44,140825,10986],{"class":58},[44,140827,63],{"class":62},[44,140829,34535],{"class":97},[44,140831,504],{"class":62},[44,140833,34295],{"class":97},[44,140835,63],{"class":62},[44,140837,476],{"class":66},[44,140839,186],{"class":70},[44,140841,476],{"class":66},[44,140843,2731],{"class":62},[44,140845,140846,140848,140850,140852,140854,140856,140858,140860,140862,140864,140866,140868],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,140847,82],{"class":58},[44,140849,63],{"class":62},[44,140851,427],{"class":426},[44,140853,63],{"class":62},[44,140855,34535],{"class":97},[44,140857,504],{"class":62},[44,140859,34295],{"class":97},[44,140861,63],{"class":62},[44,140863,476],{"class":66},[44,140865,186],{"class":70},[44,140867,476],{"class":66},[44,140869,2731],{"class":62},[20,140871,10995],{},[126,140873,140874,140877,140880,140883],{},[129,140875,140876],{},"what the original string looks like",[129,140878,140879],{},"which separator works",[129,140881,140882],{},"how many items were created",[129,140884,140885],{},"that the result is a list",[30,140887,1651],{"id":1650},[600,140889,5007,140891,1126,140893,213],{"id":140890},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,140892,60160],{},[15,140894,139463],{},[20,140896,140897,140899],{},[15,140898,60160],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,140901,140902,140904],{},[15,140903,139463],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[600,140906,1655,140908,124312],{"id":140907},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,140909,60160],{},[20,140911,140912,140913,56106],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,140914,60160],{},[600,140916,4970,140918,39785],{"id":140917},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,140919,139240],{},[20,140921,140922],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[600,140924,140926],{"id":140925},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,140928,1692,140929,140931],{},[15,140930,60160],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[30,140933,1719],{"id":1718},[126,140935,140936,140940,140946,140952,140956],{},[129,140937,140938],{},[491,140939,129590],{"href":128668},[129,140941,140942],{},[491,140943,125985,140944,10564],{"href":140202},[15,140945,133067],{},[129,140947,140948],{},[491,140949,125985,140950,10564],{"href":136555},[15,140951,41475],{},[129,140953,140954],{},[491,140955,124740],{"href":50601},[129,140957,140958],{},[491,140959,68889],{"href":68888},[1758,140961,140962],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":140964},[140965,140966,140968,140969,140974,140975,140977,140979,140984,140986,140989,140998],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":139070,"depth":79,"text":140967},"What split() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":139318,"depth":79,"text":140970,"children":140971},"Using split() with no separator",[140972],{"id":139458,"depth":419,"text":140973},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139621,"depth":79,"text":139622},{"id":139831,"depth":79,"text":140976},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140032,"depth":79,"text":140978},"What split() returns",{"id":140302,"depth":79,"text":140303,"children":140980},[140981,140982,140983],{"id":140309,"depth":419,"text":140310},{"id":140350,"depth":419,"text":140351},{"id":140404,"depth":419,"text":140405},{"id":140469,"depth":79,"text":140985},"When to use split()",{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486,"children":140987},[140988],{"id":60338,"depth":419,"text":60339},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":140990},[140991,140993,140995,140997],{"id":140890,"depth":419,"text":140992},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":140907,"depth":419,"text":140994},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":140917,"depth":419,"text":140996},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":140925,"depth":419,"text":140926},{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":138979,"description":140999},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141006,"title":141007,"body":141008,"description":142951,"extension":1796,"meta":142952,"navigation":807,"path":142953,"seo":142954,"stem":142955,"__hash__":142956},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141009,"toc":142910},[141010,141015,141020,141027,141100,141105,141110,141115,141131,141133,141203,141205,141207,141227,141229,141274,141279,141281,141379,141384,141388,141393,141397,141400,141442,141446,141449,141494,141498,141501,141551,141555,141560,141612,141614,141619,141630,141635,141715,141717,141729,141738,141745,141760,141762,141877,141883,141887,141890,141895,142037,142040,142047,142049,142053,142061,142130,142136,142185,142190,142195,142197,142217,142219,142285,142287,142291,142294,142298,142339,142341,142374,142379,142382,142409,142411,142454,142461,142466,142476,142542,142546,142554,142559,142610,142614,142617,142619,142628,142630,142680,142682,142789,142791,142796,142803,142809,142812,142843,142848,142850,142857,142865,142874,142877,142879,142907],[10,141011,122985,141013,11147],{"id":141012},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141014,127353],{},[20,141016,122990,141017,141019],{},[15,141018,127353],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141021,126051,141022,497,141024,141026],{},[15,141023,3420],{},[15,141025,3494],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[35,141028,141030],{"className":37,"code":141029,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141031,141032,141045,141049,141074],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141033,141034,141036,141038,141040,141043],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141035,34514],{"class":50},[44,141037,55],{"class":54},[44,141039,1438],{"class":66},[44,141041,141042],{"class":70},"Python Beginner Help",[44,141044,3176],{"class":66},[44,141046,141047],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,141048,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,141050,141051,141053,141055,141057,141059,141062,141064,141066,141068,141070,141072],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,141052,82],{"class":58},[44,141054,63],{"class":62},[44,141056,34535],{"class":97},[44,141058,504],{"class":62},[44,141060,141061],{"class":97},"startswith",[44,141063,63],{"class":62},[44,141065,67],{"class":66},[44,141067,7127],{"class":70},[44,141069,67],{"class":66},[44,141071,5190],{"class":62},[44,141073,43669],{"class":3483},[44,141075,141076,141078,141080,141082,141084,141086,141088,141090,141093,141095,141097],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,141077,82],{"class":58},[44,141079,63],{"class":62},[44,141081,34535],{"class":97},[44,141083,504],{"class":62},[44,141085,141061],{"class":97},[44,141087,63],{"class":62},[44,141089,67],{"class":66},[44,141091,141092],{"class":70},"Beginner",[44,141094,67],{"class":66},[44,141096,5190],{"class":62},[44,141098,141099],{"class":3483}," # False\n",[20,141101,103,141102,141104],{},[15,141103,127353],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[30,141106,113,141108,116],{"id":141107},"what-startswith-does",[15,141109,127353],{},[20,141111,141112,141114],{},[15,141113,127353],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[126,141116,141117,141120,141126,141128],{},[129,141118,141119],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[129,141121,4976,141122,497,141124],{},[15,141123,3420],{},[15,141125,3494],{},[129,141127,123128],{},[129,141129,141130],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141132,145],{},[35,141134,141136],{"className":37,"code":141135,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141137,141138,141150,141154,141179],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141139,141140,141142,141144,141146,141148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141141,51],{"class":50},[44,141143,55],{"class":54},[44,141145,1438],{"class":66},[44,141147,7127],{"class":70},[44,141149,3176],{"class":66},[44,141151,141152],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,141153,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,141155,141156,141158,141160,141162,141164,141166,141168,141170,141173,141175,141177],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,141157,82],{"class":58},[44,141159,63],{"class":62},[44,141161,652],{"class":97},[44,141163,504],{"class":62},[44,141165,141061],{"class":97},[44,141167,63],{"class":62},[44,141169,67],{"class":66},[44,141171,141172],{"class":70},"Py",[44,141174,67],{"class":66},[44,141176,5190],{"class":62},[44,141178,43669],{"class":3483},[44,141180,141181,141183,141185,141187,141189,141191,141193,141195,141197,141199,141201],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,141182,82],{"class":58},[44,141184,63],{"class":62},[44,141186,652],{"class":97},[44,141188,504],{"class":62},[44,141190,141061],{"class":97},[44,141192,63],{"class":62},[44,141194,67],{"class":66},[44,141196,128431],{"class":70},[44,141198,67],{"class":66},[44,141200,5190],{"class":62},[44,141202,43686],{"class":3483},[30,141204,250],{"id":249},[20,141206,42199],{},[35,141208,141210],{"className":37,"code":141209,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141211,141212],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141213,141214,141216,141218,141220,141222,141225],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141215,60803],{"class":50},[44,141217,504],{"class":62},[44,141219,141061],{"class":97},[44,141221,63],{"class":62},[44,141223,141224],{"class":97},"prefix",[44,141226,76],{"class":62},[20,141228,30591],{},[35,141230,141232],{"className":37,"code":141231,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141233,141234,141252],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141235,141236,141238,141240,141242,141244,141246,141248,141250],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141237,60803],{"class":50},[44,141239,504],{"class":62},[44,141241,141061],{"class":97},[44,141243,63],{"class":62},[44,141245,141224],{"class":97},[44,141247,186],{"class":62},[44,141249,35876],{"class":97},[44,141251,76],{"class":62},[44,141253,141254,141256,141258,141260,141262,141264,141266,141268,141270,141272],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,141255,60803],{"class":50},[44,141257,504],{"class":62},[44,141259,141061],{"class":97},[44,141261,63],{"class":62},[44,141263,141224],{"class":97},[44,141265,186],{"class":62},[44,141267,35876],{"class":97},[44,141269,186],{"class":62},[44,141271,64670],{"class":97},[44,141273,76],{"class":62},[20,141275,20599,141276,141278],{},[15,141277,141224],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141280,145],{},[35,141282,141284],{"className":37,"code":141283,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141285,141286,141298,141302,141327,141351],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141287,141288,141290,141292,141294,141296],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141289,34514],{"class":50},[44,141291,55],{"class":54},[44,141293,1438],{"class":66},[44,141295,60035],{"class":70},[44,141297,3176],{"class":66},[44,141299,141300],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,141301,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,141303,141304,141306,141308,141310,141312,141314,141316,141318,141320,141322,141324],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,141305,82],{"class":58},[44,141307,63],{"class":62},[44,141309,34535],{"class":97},[44,141311,504],{"class":62},[44,141313,141061],{"class":97},[44,141315,63],{"class":62},[44,141317,67],{"class":66},[44,141319,3667],{"class":70},[44,141321,67],{"class":66},[44,141323,5190],{"class":62},[44,141325,141326],{"class":3483},"      # True\n",[44,141328,141329,141331,141333,141335,141337,141339,141341,141343,141345,141347,141349],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,141330,82],{"class":58},[44,141332,63],{"class":62},[44,141334,34535],{"class":97},[44,141336,504],{"class":62},[44,141338,141061],{"class":97},[44,141340,63],{"class":62},[44,141342,67],{"class":66},[44,141344,60220],{"class":70},[44,141346,67],{"class":66},[44,141348,5190],{"class":62},[44,141350,21029],{"class":3483},[44,141352,141353,141355,141357,141359,141361,141363,141365,141367,141369,141371,141373,141375,141377],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,141354,82],{"class":58},[44,141356,63],{"class":62},[44,141358,34535],{"class":97},[44,141360,504],{"class":62},[44,141362,141061],{"class":97},[44,141364,63],{"class":62},[44,141366,67],{"class":66},[44,141368,60220],{"class":70},[44,141370,67],{"class":66},[44,141372,186],{"class":62},[44,141374,37469],{"class":452},[44,141376,5190],{"class":62},[44,141378,43669],{"class":3483},[20,141380,141381,141382,504],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[491,141383,124740],{"href":50601},[30,141385,141387],{"id":141386},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141389,141390,141392],{},[15,141391,127353],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[600,141394,141395],{"id":141224},[15,141396,141224],{},[20,141398,141399],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[35,141401,141403],{"className":37,"code":141402,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141404,141405,141417],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141406,141407,141409,141411,141413,141415],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141408,34514],{"class":50},[44,141410,55],{"class":54},[44,141412,1438],{"class":66},[44,141414,3912],{"class":70},[44,141416,3176],{"class":66},[44,141418,141419,141421,141423,141425,141427,141429,141431,141433,141436,141438,141440],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,141420,82],{"class":58},[44,141422,63],{"class":62},[44,141424,34535],{"class":97},[44,141426,504],{"class":62},[44,141428,141061],{"class":97},[44,141430,63],{"class":62},[44,141432,67],{"class":66},[44,141434,141435],{"class":70},"ban",[44,141437,67],{"class":66},[44,141439,5190],{"class":62},[44,141441,3484],{"class":3483},[600,141443,141444],{"id":35897},[15,141445,35897],{},[20,141447,141448],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[35,141450,141452],{"className":37,"code":141451,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141453,141454,141466],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141455,141456,141458,141460,141462,141464],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141457,34514],{"class":50},[44,141459,55],{"class":54},[44,141461,1438],{"class":66},[44,141463,60035],{"class":70},[44,141465,3176],{"class":66},[44,141467,141468,141470,141472,141474,141476,141478,141480,141482,141484,141486,141488,141490,141492],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,141469,82],{"class":58},[44,141471,63],{"class":62},[44,141473,34535],{"class":97},[44,141475,504],{"class":62},[44,141477,141061],{"class":97},[44,141479,63],{"class":62},[44,141481,67],{"class":66},[44,141483,60220],{"class":70},[44,141485,67],{"class":66},[44,141487,186],{"class":62},[44,141489,37469],{"class":452},[44,141491,5190],{"class":62},[44,141493,3484],{"class":3483},[600,141495,141496],{"id":52287},[15,141497,52287],{},[20,141499,141500],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[35,141502,141504],{"className":37,"code":141503,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141505,141506,141518],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141507,141508,141510,141512,141514,141516],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141509,34514],{"class":50},[44,141511,55],{"class":54},[44,141513,1438],{"class":66},[44,141515,60035],{"class":70},[44,141517,3176],{"class":66},[44,141519,141520,141522,141524,141526,141528,141530,141532,141534,141537,141539,141541,141543,141545,141547,141549],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,141521,82],{"class":58},[44,141523,63],{"class":62},[44,141525,34535],{"class":97},[44,141527,504],{"class":62},[44,141529,141061],{"class":97},[44,141531,63],{"class":62},[44,141533,67],{"class":66},[44,141535,141536],{"class":70},"wor",[44,141538,67],{"class":66},[44,141540,186],{"class":62},[44,141542,37469],{"class":452},[44,141544,186],{"class":62},[44,141546,53763],{"class":452},[44,141548,5190],{"class":62},[44,141550,3484],{"class":3483},[600,141552,141554],{"id":141553},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141556,141557,141559],{},[15,141558,141224],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[35,141561,141563],{"className":37,"code":141562,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141564,141565,141578],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141566,141567,141569,141571,141573,141576],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141568,126068],{"class":50},[44,141570,55],{"class":54},[44,141572,1438],{"class":66},[44,141574,141575],{"class":70},"img_001.png",[44,141577,3176],{"class":66},[44,141579,141580,141582,141584,141586,141588,141590,141592,141594,141597,141599,141601,141603,141606,141608,141610],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,141581,82],{"class":58},[44,141583,63],{"class":62},[44,141585,126086],{"class":97},[44,141587,504],{"class":62},[44,141589,141061],{"class":97},[44,141591,5339],{"class":62},[44,141593,67],{"class":66},[44,141595,141596],{"class":70},"img_",[44,141598,67],{"class":66},[44,141600,186],{"class":62},[44,141602,1438],{"class":66},[44,141604,141605],{"class":70},"photo_",[44,141607,67],{"class":66},[44,141609,50717],{"class":62},[44,141611,3484],{"class":3483},[30,141613,17248],{"id":17247},[20,141615,141616,141618],{},[15,141617,127353],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[126,141620,141621,141626],{},[129,141622,141623,141625],{},[15,141624,3420],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[129,141627,141628,126670],{},[15,141629,3494],{},[20,141631,141632,141633,7003],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141634,6828],{},[35,141636,141638],{"className":37,"code":141637,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141639,141640,141654,141658,141679,141694,141700],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141641,141642,141645,141647,141649,141652],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141643,141644],{"class":50},"command ",[44,141646,55],{"class":54},[44,141648,1438],{"class":66},[44,141650,141651],{"class":70},"\u002Fhelp",[44,141653,3176],{"class":66},[44,141655,141656],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,141657,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,141659,141660,141662,141665,141667,141669,141671,141673,141675,141677],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,141661,6828],{"class":1384},[44,141663,141664],{"class":50}," command",[44,141666,504],{"class":62},[44,141668,141061],{"class":97},[44,141670,63],{"class":62},[44,141672,67],{"class":66},[44,141674,126877],{"class":70},[44,141676,67],{"class":66},[44,141678,8167],{"class":62},[44,141680,141681,141683,141685,141687,141690,141692],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,141682,1416],{"class":58},[44,141684,63],{"class":62},[44,141686,67],{"class":66},[44,141688,141689],{"class":70},"This looks like a command.",[44,141691,67],{"class":66},[44,141693,76],{"class":62},[44,141695,141696,141698],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,141697,27264],{"class":1384},[44,141699,1388],{"class":62},[44,141701,141702,141704,141706,141708,141711,141713],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,141703,1416],{"class":58},[44,141705,63],{"class":62},[44,141707,67],{"class":66},[44,141709,141710],{"class":70},"This is normal text.",[44,141712,67],{"class":66},[44,141714,76],{"class":62},[20,141716,1031],{},[35,141718,141720],{"className":37,"code":141719,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,141721,141722],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141723,141724,141727],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141725,141726],{"class":50},"This looks like a command",[44,141728,122017],{"class":62},[30,141730,8243,141732,8529,141734,1126,141736],{"id":141731},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,141733,127353],{},[15,141735,35897],{},[15,141737,52287],{},[20,141739,22,141740,1126,141742,141744],{},[15,141741,35897],{},[15,141743,52287],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[126,141746,141747,141752,141757],{},[129,141748,141749,141751],{},[15,141750,35897],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[129,141753,141754,141756],{},[15,141755,52287],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[129,141758,141759],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,141761,145],{},[35,141763,141765],{"className":37,"code":141764,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,141766,141767,141779,141783,141812,141845],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141768,141769,141771,141773,141775,141777],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141770,34514],{"class":50},[44,141772,55],{"class":54},[44,141774,1438],{"class":66},[44,141776,139264],{"class":70},[44,141778,3176],{"class":66},[44,141780,141781],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,141782,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,141784,141785,141787,141789,141791,141793,141795,141797,141799,141801,141803,141805,141807,141809],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,141786,82],{"class":58},[44,141788,63],{"class":62},[44,141790,34535],{"class":97},[44,141792,504],{"class":62},[44,141794,141061],{"class":97},[44,141796,63],{"class":62},[44,141798,67],{"class":66},[44,141800,78901],{"class":70},[44,141802,67],{"class":66},[44,141804,186],{"class":62},[44,141806,2287],{"class":452},[44,141808,5190],{"class":62},[44,141810,141811],{"class":3483},"        # True\n",[44,141813,141814,141816,141818,141820,141822,141824,141826,141828,141830,141832,141834,141836,141838,141841,141843],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,141815,82],{"class":58},[44,141817,63],{"class":62},[44,141819,34535],{"class":97},[44,141821,504],{"class":62},[44,141823,141061],{"class":97},[44,141825,63],{"class":62},[44,141827,67],{"class":66},[44,141829,133871],{"class":70},[44,141831,67],{"class":66},[44,141833,186],{"class":62},[44,141835,6189],{"class":452},[44,141837,186],{"class":62},[44,141839,141840],{"class":452}," 13",[44,141842,5190],{"class":62},[44,141844,3484],{"class":3483},[44,141846,141847,141849,141851,141853,141855,141857,141859,141861,141863,141865,141867,141869,141871,141873,141875],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,141848,82],{"class":58},[44,141850,63],{"class":62},[44,141852,34535],{"class":97},[44,141854,504],{"class":62},[44,141856,141061],{"class":97},[44,141858,63],{"class":62},[44,141860,67],{"class":66},[44,141862,133871],{"class":70},[44,141864,67],{"class":66},[44,141866,186],{"class":62},[44,141868,6189],{"class":452},[44,141870,186],{"class":62},[44,141872,30770],{"class":452},[44,141874,5190],{"class":62},[44,141876,4598],{"class":3483},[20,141878,141879,141880,141882],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,141881,52287],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[30,141884,141886],{"id":141885},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,141888,141889],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,141891,141892,141893,48973],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,141894,40661],{},[35,141896,141898],{"className":37,"code":141897,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,141899,141900,141914,141928,141942,141946,141970,141974,141995,142016],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141901,141902,141905,141907,141909,141912],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141903,141904],{"class":50},"filename1 ",[44,141906,55],{"class":54},[44,141908,1438],{"class":66},[44,141910,141911],{"class":70},"img_101.jpg",[44,141913,3176],{"class":66},[44,141915,141916,141919,141921,141923,141926],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,141917,141918],{"class":50},"filename2 ",[44,141920,55],{"class":54},[44,141922,1438],{"class":66},[44,141924,141925],{"class":70},"photo_202.jpg",[44,141927,3176],{"class":66},[44,141929,141930,141933,141935,141937,141940],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,141931,141932],{"class":50},"filename3 ",[44,141934,55],{"class":54},[44,141936,1438],{"class":66},[44,141938,141939],{"class":70},"doc_303.jpg",[44,141941,3176],{"class":66},[44,141943,141944],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,141945,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,141947,141948,141950,141952,141954,141956,141958,141960,141962,141964,141966,141968],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,141949,127280],{"class":50},[44,141951,55],{"class":54},[44,141953,9058],{"class":62},[44,141955,67],{"class":66},[44,141957,141596],{"class":70},[44,141959,67],{"class":66},[44,141961,186],{"class":62},[44,141963,1438],{"class":66},[44,141965,141605],{"class":70},[44,141967,67],{"class":66},[44,141969,76],{"class":62},[44,141971,141972],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,141973,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,141975,141976,141978,141980,141983,141985,141987,141989,141991,141993],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,141977,82],{"class":58},[44,141979,63],{"class":62},[44,141981,141982],{"class":97},"filename1",[44,141984,504],{"class":62},[44,141986,141061],{"class":97},[44,141988,63],{"class":62},[44,141990,127332],{"class":97},[44,141992,5190],{"class":62},[44,141994,3484],{"class":3483},[44,141996,141997,141999,142001,142004,142006,142008,142010,142012,142014],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,141998,82],{"class":58},[44,142000,63],{"class":62},[44,142002,142003],{"class":97},"filename2",[44,142005,504],{"class":62},[44,142007,141061],{"class":97},[44,142009,63],{"class":62},[44,142011,127332],{"class":97},[44,142013,5190],{"class":62},[44,142015,3484],{"class":3483},[44,142017,142018,142020,142022,142025,142027,142029,142031,142033,142035],{"class":46,"line":6261},[44,142019,82],{"class":58},[44,142021,63],{"class":62},[44,142023,142024],{"class":97},"filename3",[44,142026,504],{"class":62},[44,142028,141061],{"class":97},[44,142030,63],{"class":62},[44,142032,127332],{"class":97},[44,142034,5190],{"class":62},[44,142036,4598],{"class":3483},[20,142038,142039],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142041,74402,142042,142046],{},[491,142043,125985,142044,10564],{"href":129579},[15,142045,126043],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[30,142048,123632],{"id":123631},[20,142050,142051,123443],{},[15,142052,127353],{},[20,142054,127030,142055,1126,142058,127037],{},[15,142056,142057],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142059,142060],{},"\"python\"",[35,142062,142064],{"className":37,"code":142063,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142065,142066,142078,142082,142106],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142067,142068,142070,142072,142074,142076],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142069,34514],{"class":50},[44,142071,55],{"class":54},[44,142073,1438],{"class":66},[44,142075,7127],{"class":70},[44,142077,3176],{"class":66},[44,142079,142080],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,142081,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,142083,142084,142086,142088,142090,142092,142094,142096,142098,142100,142102,142104],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,142085,82],{"class":58},[44,142087,63],{"class":62},[44,142089,34535],{"class":97},[44,142091,504],{"class":62},[44,142093,141061],{"class":97},[44,142095,63],{"class":62},[44,142097,67],{"class":66},[44,142099,141172],{"class":70},[44,142101,67],{"class":66},[44,142103,5190],{"class":62},[44,142105,3484],{"class":3483},[44,142107,142108,142110,142112,142114,142116,142118,142120,142122,142124,142126,142128],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,142109,82],{"class":58},[44,142111,63],{"class":62},[44,142113,34535],{"class":97},[44,142115,504],{"class":62},[44,142117,141061],{"class":97},[44,142119,63],{"class":62},[44,142121,67],{"class":66},[44,142123,128431],{"class":70},[44,142125,67],{"class":66},[44,142127,5190],{"class":62},[44,142129,4598],{"class":3483},[20,142131,127122,142132,504],{},[491,142133,142134],{"href":123712},[15,142135,123715],{},[35,142137,142139],{"className":37,"code":142138,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142140,142141,142153,142157],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142142,142143,142145,142147,142149,142151],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142144,34514],{"class":50},[44,142146,55],{"class":54},[44,142148,1438],{"class":66},[44,142150,7127],{"class":70},[44,142152,3176],{"class":66},[44,142154,142155],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,142156,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,142158,142159,142161,142163,142165,142167,142169,142171,142173,142175,142177,142179,142181,142183],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,142160,82],{"class":58},[44,142162,63],{"class":62},[44,142164,34535],{"class":97},[44,142166,504],{"class":62},[44,142168,8465],{"class":97},[44,142170,8462],{"class":62},[44,142172,141061],{"class":97},[44,142174,63],{"class":62},[44,142176,67],{"class":66},[44,142178,128431],{"class":70},[44,142180,67],{"class":66},[44,142182,5190],{"class":62},[44,142184,3484],{"class":3483},[30,142186,4788,142188],{"id":142187},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142189,127353],{},[20,142191,142192,142194],{},[15,142193,127353],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142196,9195],{},[126,142198,142199,142202,142205,142214],{},[129,142200,142201],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[129,142203,142204],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[129,142206,142207,142208,497,142211],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142209,142210],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142212,142213],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[129,142215,142216],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142218,145],{},[35,142220,142222],{"className":37,"code":142221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142223,142224,142237,142241,142270],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142225,142226,142228,142230,142232,142235],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142227,126848],{"class":50},[44,142229,55],{"class":54},[44,142231,1438],{"class":66},[44,142233,142234],{"class":70},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[44,142236,3176],{"class":66},[44,142238,142239],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,142240,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,142242,142243,142245,142248,142250,142252,142254,142256,142258,142260,142262,142264,142266,142268],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,142244,6828],{"class":1384},[44,142246,142247],{"class":50}," url",[44,142249,504],{"class":62},[44,142251,141061],{"class":97},[44,142253,5339],{"class":62},[44,142255,67],{"class":66},[44,142257,142210],{"class":70},[44,142259,67],{"class":66},[44,142261,186],{"class":62},[44,142263,1438],{"class":66},[44,142265,142213],{"class":70},[44,142267,67],{"class":66},[44,142269,69193],{"class":62},[44,142271,142272,142274,142276,142278,142281,142283],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,142273,1416],{"class":58},[44,142275,63],{"class":62},[44,142277,67],{"class":66},[44,142279,142280],{"class":70},"This looks like a web URL.",[44,142282,67],{"class":66},[44,142284,76],{"class":62},[30,142286,1486],{"id":1485},[20,142288,22923,142289,504],{},[15,142290,127353],{},[600,142292,138425],{"id":142293},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142295,142296,123443],{},[15,142297,127353],{},[35,142299,142301],{"className":37,"code":142300,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142302,142303,142315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142304,142305,142307,142309,142311,142313],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142306,34514],{"class":50},[44,142308,55],{"class":54},[44,142310,1438],{"class":66},[44,142312,7127],{"class":70},[44,142314,3176],{"class":66},[44,142316,142317,142319,142321,142323,142325,142327,142329,142331,142333,142335,142337],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,142318,82],{"class":58},[44,142320,63],{"class":62},[44,142322,34535],{"class":97},[44,142324,504],{"class":62},[44,142326,141061],{"class":97},[44,142328,63],{"class":62},[44,142330,67],{"class":66},[44,142332,39],{"class":70},[44,142334,67],{"class":66},[44,142336,5190],{"class":62},[44,142338,4598],{"class":3483},[20,142340,39087],{},[35,142342,142344],{"className":37,"code":142343,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142345,142346],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142347,142348,142350,142352,142354,142356,142358,142360,142362,142364,142366,142368,142370,142372],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142349,82],{"class":58},[44,142351,63],{"class":62},[44,142353,34535],{"class":97},[44,142355,504],{"class":62},[44,142357,8465],{"class":97},[44,142359,8462],{"class":62},[44,142361,141061],{"class":97},[44,142363,63],{"class":62},[44,142365,67],{"class":66},[44,142367,39],{"class":70},[44,142369,67],{"class":66},[44,142371,5190],{"class":62},[44,142373,3484],{"class":3483},[600,142375,29480,142377,136907],{"id":142376},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142378,127353],{},[20,142380,142381],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[35,142383,142385],{"className":37,"code":142384,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142386,142387,142395,142399,142404],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142388,142389,142391,142393],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142390,338],{"class":50},[44,142392,55],{"class":54},[44,142394,124667],{"class":452},[44,142396,142397],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,142398,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,142400,142401],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,142402,142403],{"class":3483},"# This will cause an error:\n",[44,142405,142406],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,142407,142408],{"class":3483},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142410,39087],{},[35,142412,142414],{"className":37,"code":142413,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142415,142416,142430],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142417,142418,142420,142422,142424,142426,142428],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142419,338],{"class":50},[44,142421,55],{"class":54},[44,142423,48529],{"class":426},[44,142425,63],{"class":62},[44,142427,49871],{"class":452},[44,142429,76],{"class":62},[44,142431,142432,142434,142436,142438,142440,142442,142444,142446,142448,142450,142452],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,142433,82],{"class":58},[44,142435,63],{"class":62},[44,142437,354],{"class":97},[44,142439,504],{"class":62},[44,142441,141061],{"class":97},[44,142443,63],{"class":62},[44,142445,67],{"class":66},[44,142447,2807],{"class":70},[44,142449,67],{"class":66},[44,142451,5190],{"class":62},[44,142453,3484],{"class":3483},[600,142455,37030,142457,8529,142459],{"id":142456},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142458,127353],{},[15,142460,3705],{},[20,142462,142463,142465],{},[15,142464,127353],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142467,142468,142469,142471,142472,504],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142470,3705],{}," or methods like ",[491,142473,142474],{"href":123995},[15,142475,123980],{},[35,142477,142479],{"className":37,"code":142478,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142480,142481,142493,142497,142521],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142482,142483,142485,142487,142489,142491],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142484,34514],{"class":50},[44,142486,55],{"class":54},[44,142488,1438],{"class":66},[44,142490,60035],{"class":70},[44,142492,3176],{"class":66},[44,142494,142495],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,142496,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,142498,142499,142501,142503,142505,142507,142509,142511,142513,142515,142517,142519],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,142500,82],{"class":58},[44,142502,63],{"class":62},[44,142504,34535],{"class":97},[44,142506,504],{"class":62},[44,142508,141061],{"class":97},[44,142510,63],{"class":62},[44,142512,67],{"class":66},[44,142514,60220],{"class":70},[44,142516,67],{"class":66},[44,142518,5190],{"class":62},[44,142520,4598],{"class":3483},[44,142522,142523,142525,142527,142529,142531,142533,142535,142537,142539],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,142524,82],{"class":58},[44,142526,63],{"class":62},[44,142528,67],{"class":66},[44,142530,60220],{"class":70},[44,142532,67],{"class":66},[44,142534,21002],{"class":1384},[44,142536,42655],{"class":97},[44,142538,3480],{"class":62},[44,142540,142541],{"class":3483},"           # True\n",[20,142543,135459,142544,504],{},[491,142545,127021],{"href":123240},[600,142547,984,142549,1126,142551,142553],{"id":142548},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142550,35897],{},[15,142552,52287],{}," use index positions",[20,142555,142556,142557,504],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142558,1951],{},[35,142560,142562],{"className":37,"code":142561,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142563,142564,142577,142581],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142565,142566,142568,142570,142572,142575],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142567,34514],{"class":50},[44,142569,55],{"class":54},[44,142571,1438],{"class":66},[44,142573,142574],{"class":70},"abcdef",[44,142576,3176],{"class":66},[44,142578,142579],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,142580,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,142582,142583,142585,142587,142589,142591,142593,142595,142597,142600,142602,142604,142606,142608],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,142584,82],{"class":58},[44,142586,63],{"class":62},[44,142588,34535],{"class":97},[44,142590,504],{"class":62},[44,142592,141061],{"class":97},[44,142594,63],{"class":62},[44,142596,67],{"class":66},[44,142598,142599],{"class":70},"cd",[44,142601,67],{"class":66},[44,142603,186],{"class":62},[44,142605,2812],{"class":452},[44,142607,5190],{"class":62},[44,142609,3484],{"class":3483},[600,142611,142613],{"id":142612},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142615,142616],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142618,16472],{},[35,142620,142622],{"className":37,"code":142621,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142623,142624],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142625,142626],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142627,142621],{"class":3483},[20,142629,16484],{},[35,142631,142633],{"className":37,"code":142632,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142634,142635,142647],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142636,142637,142639,142641,142643,142645],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142638,34514],{"class":50},[44,142640,55],{"class":54},[44,142642,1438],{"class":66},[44,142644,7127],{"class":70},[44,142646,3176],{"class":66},[44,142648,142649,142651,142653,142655,142657,142659,142661,142663,142665,142667,142669,142671,142674,142676,142678],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,142650,82],{"class":58},[44,142652,63],{"class":62},[44,142654,34535],{"class":97},[44,142656,504],{"class":62},[44,142658,141061],{"class":97},[44,142660,5339],{"class":62},[44,142662,67],{"class":66},[44,142664,141172],{"class":70},[44,142666,67],{"class":66},[44,142668,186],{"class":62},[44,142670,1438],{"class":66},[44,142672,142673],{"class":70},"Ja",[44,142675,67],{"class":66},[44,142677,50717],{"class":62},[44,142679,3484],{"class":3483},[20,142681,1512],{},[35,142683,142685],{"className":37,"code":142684,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142686,142687,142697,142711,142733,142759],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142688,142689,142691,142693,142695],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142690,82],{"class":58},[44,142692,63],{"class":62},[44,142694,34535],{"class":97},[44,142696,76],{"class":62},[44,142698,142699,142701,142703,142705,142707,142709],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,142700,82],{"class":58},[44,142702,63],{"class":62},[44,142704,427],{"class":426},[44,142706,63],{"class":62},[44,142708,34535],{"class":97},[44,142710,434],{"class":62},[44,142712,142713,142715,142717,142719,142721,142723,142725,142727,142729,142731],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,142714,82],{"class":58},[44,142716,63],{"class":62},[44,142718,34535],{"class":97},[44,142720,504],{"class":62},[44,142722,141061],{"class":97},[44,142724,63],{"class":62},[44,142726,67],{"class":66},[44,142728,141172],{"class":70},[44,142730,67],{"class":66},[44,142732,434],{"class":62},[44,142734,142735,142737,142739,142741,142743,142745,142747,142749,142751,142753,142755,142757],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,142736,82],{"class":58},[44,142738,63],{"class":62},[44,142740,34535],{"class":97},[44,142742,504],{"class":62},[44,142744,8465],{"class":97},[44,142746,8462],{"class":62},[44,142748,141061],{"class":97},[44,142750,63],{"class":62},[44,142752,67],{"class":66},[44,142754,128431],{"class":70},[44,142756,67],{"class":66},[44,142758,434],{"class":62},[44,142760,142761,142763,142765,142767,142769,142771,142773,142775,142777,142779,142781,142783,142785,142787],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,142762,82],{"class":58},[44,142764,63],{"class":62},[44,142766,34535],{"class":97},[44,142768,504],{"class":62},[44,142770,141061],{"class":97},[44,142772,5339],{"class":62},[44,142774,67],{"class":66},[44,142776,141172],{"class":70},[44,142778,67],{"class":66},[44,142780,186],{"class":62},[44,142782,1438],{"class":66},[44,142784,142673],{"class":70},[44,142786,67],{"class":66},[44,142788,2731],{"class":62},[30,142790,1651],{"id":1650},[600,142792,1655,142794,127831],{"id":142793},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,142795,127353],{},[20,142797,142798,142799,497,142801,504],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,142800,3420],{},[15,142802,3494],{},[600,142804,4997,142806,142808],{"id":142805},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,142807,127353],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,142810,142811],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[35,142813,142815],{"className":37,"code":142814,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,142816,142817],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142818,142819,142821,142823,142825,142827,142829,142831,142833,142835,142837,142839,142841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142820,34535],{"class":50},[44,142822,504],{"class":62},[44,142824,141061],{"class":97},[44,142826,5339],{"class":62},[44,142828,67],{"class":66},[44,142830,491],{"class":70},[44,142832,67],{"class":66},[44,142834,186],{"class":62},[44,142836,1438],{"class":66},[44,142838,4587],{"class":70},[44,142840,67],{"class":66},[44,142842,434],{"class":62},[600,142844,14730,142846,124321],{"id":142845},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,142847,127353],{},[20,142849,129514],{},[600,142851,5007,142853,1126,142855,213],{"id":142852},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,142854,127353],{},[15,142856,3705],{},[20,142858,142859,142861,142862,142864],{},[15,142860,127353],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,142863,3705],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[600,142866,28159,142868,1126,142870,8529,142872,213],{"id":142867},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,142869,35897],{},[15,142871,52287],{},[15,142873,127353],{},[20,142875,142876],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[30,142878,1719],{"id":1718},[126,142880,142881,142887,142893,142899,142903],{},[129,142882,142883],{},[491,142884,125985,142885,10564],{"href":129579},[15,142886,126043],{},[129,142888,142889],{},[491,142890,125985,142891,10564],{"href":123995},[15,142892,123980],{},[129,142894,142895],{},[491,142896,125985,142897,10564],{"href":123712},[15,142898,123715],{},[129,142900,142901],{},[491,142902,124384],{"href":123240},[129,142904,142905],{},[491,142906,124740],{"href":50601},[1758,142908,142909],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":142911},[142912,142914,142915,142921,142922,142924,142925,142926,142928,142938,142950],{"id":141107,"depth":79,"text":142913},"What startswith() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":141386,"depth":79,"text":141387,"children":142916},[142917,142918,142919,142920],{"id":141224,"depth":419,"text":141224},{"id":35897,"depth":419,"text":35897},{"id":52287,"depth":419,"text":52287},{"id":141553,"depth":419,"text":141554},{"id":17247,"depth":79,"text":17248},{"id":141731,"depth":79,"text":142923},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":141885,"depth":79,"text":141886},{"id":123631,"depth":79,"text":123632},{"id":142187,"depth":79,"text":142927},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486,"children":142929},[142930,142931,142933,142935,142937],{"id":142293,"depth":419,"text":138425},{"id":142376,"depth":419,"text":142932},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142456,"depth":419,"text":142934},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142548,"depth":419,"text":142936},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142612,"depth":419,"text":142613},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":142939},[142940,142942,142944,142946,142948],{"id":142793,"depth":419,"text":142941},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142805,"depth":419,"text":142943},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142845,"depth":419,"text":142945},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142852,"depth":419,"text":142947},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142867,"depth":419,"text":142949},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141007,"description":142951},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":142958,"title":142959,"body":142960,"description":144414,"extension":1796,"meta":144415,"navigation":807,"path":144416,"seo":144417,"stem":144418,"__hash__":144419},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":142961,"toc":144384},[142962,142967,142972,142975,142977,143021,143023,143031,143036,143041,143046,143048,143066,143068,143114,143116,143130,143139,143143,143145,143147,143159,143164,143167,143199,143201,143210,143215,143218,143259,143261,143269,143271,143284,143290,143294,143297,143313,143315,143364,143366,143375,143378,143437,143439,143448,143455,143458,143511,143513,143537,143544,143550,143554,143560,143563,143574,143576,143616,143618,143626,143628,143668,143670,143679,143681,143699,143702,143709,143720,143723,143740,143742,143819,143821,143852,143855,143857,143860,143886,143888,143928,143930,143939,143949,143957,143965,143970,143975,143977,143991,143993,144044,144046,144055,144065,144067,144069,144091,144094,144173,144175,144211,144214,144289,144294,144296,144302,144307,144312,144315,144321,144324,144331,144339,144343,144351,144353,144381],[10,142963,122985,142965,11147],{"id":142964},"python-string-strip-method",[15,142966,41475],{},[20,142968,32143,142969,142971],{},[15,142970,41475],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,142973,142974],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[30,142976,3425],{"id":3424},[35,142978,142980],{"className":37,"code":142979,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,142981,142982,142995,143010],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142983,142984,142986,142988,142990,142993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142985,34514],{"class":50},[44,142987,55],{"class":54},[44,142989,1438],{"class":66},[44,142991,142992],{"class":70},"  hello  ",[44,142994,3176],{"class":66},[44,142996,142997,143000,143002,143004,143006,143008],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,142998,142999],{"class":50},"clean_text ",[44,143001,55],{"class":54},[44,143003,42655],{"class":50},[44,143005,504],{"class":62},[44,143007,1273],{"class":97},[44,143009,345],{"class":62},[44,143011,143012,143014,143016,143019],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,143013,82],{"class":58},[44,143015,63],{"class":62},[44,143017,143018],{"class":97},"clean_text",[44,143020,76],{"class":62},[20,143022,1031],{},[35,143024,143025],{"className":37,"code":138300,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143026,143027],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143028,143029],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143030,138300],{"class":50},[20,143032,103,143033,143035],{},[15,143034,41475],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[30,143037,113,143039,116],{"id":143038},"what-strip-does",[15,143040,41475],{},[20,143042,143043,143045],{},[15,143044,41475],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143047,12877],{},[126,143049,143050,143054,143057,143060,143063],{},[129,143051,143052,131335],{},[15,143053,41475],{},[129,143055,143056],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[129,143058,143059],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[129,143061,143062],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[129,143064,143065],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143067,145],{},[35,143069,143071],{"className":37,"code":143070,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143072,143073,143086,143090,143104],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143074,143075,143077,143079,143081,143084],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143076,34514],{"class":50},[44,143078,55],{"class":54},[44,143080,1438],{"class":66},[44,143082,143083],{"class":70},"  hello world  ",[44,143085,3176],{"class":66},[44,143087,143088],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,143089,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,143091,143092,143094,143096,143098,143100,143102],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,143093,82],{"class":58},[44,143095,63],{"class":62},[44,143097,34535],{"class":97},[44,143099,504],{"class":62},[44,143101,1273],{"class":97},[44,143103,7025],{"class":62},[44,143105,143106,143108,143110,143112],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,143107,82],{"class":58},[44,143109,63],{"class":62},[44,143111,34535],{"class":97},[44,143113,76],{"class":62},[20,143115,1031],{},[35,143117,143119],{"className":37,"code":143118,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143120,143121,143125],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143122,143123],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143124,134001],{"class":50},[44,143126,143127],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,143128,143129],{"class":50},"  hello world\n",[20,143131,143132,143133,143135,143136,143138],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143134,41475],{},", but the original ",[15,143137,34535],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143140,124737,143141,504],{},[491,143142,124740],{"href":50601},[30,143144,250],{"id":249},[20,143146,26317],{},[126,143148,143149,143154],{},[129,143150,143151],{},[15,143152,143153],{},"string.strip()",[129,143155,143156],{},[15,143157,143158],{},"string.strip(chars)",[600,143160,143162],{"id":143161},"stringstrip",[15,143163,143153],{},[20,143165,143166],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[35,143168,143170],{"className":37,"code":143169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143171,143172,143185],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143173,143174,143176,143178,143180,143183],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143175,51],{"class":50},[44,143177,55],{"class":54},[44,143179,1438],{"class":66},[44,143181,143182],{"class":70},"  Alice  ",[44,143184,3176],{"class":66},[44,143186,143187,143189,143191,143193,143195,143197],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,143188,82],{"class":58},[44,143190,63],{"class":62},[44,143192,652],{"class":97},[44,143194,504],{"class":62},[44,143196,1273],{"class":97},[44,143198,7025],{"class":62},[20,143200,1031],{},[35,143202,143204],{"className":37,"code":143203,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Alice\n",[15,143205,143206],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143207,143208],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143209,143203],{"class":50},[600,143211,143213],{"id":143212},"stringstripchars",[15,143214,143158],{},[20,143216,143217],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[35,143219,143221],{"className":37,"code":143220,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143222,143223,143236],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143224,143225,143227,143229,143231,143234],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143226,34514],{"class":50},[44,143228,55],{"class":54},[44,143230,1438],{"class":66},[44,143232,143233],{"class":70},"!!hello??",[44,143235,3176],{"class":66},[44,143237,143238,143240,143242,143244,143246,143248,143250,143252,143255,143257],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,143239,82],{"class":58},[44,143241,63],{"class":62},[44,143243,34535],{"class":97},[44,143245,504],{"class":62},[44,143247,1273],{"class":97},[44,143249,63],{"class":62},[44,143251,67],{"class":66},[44,143253,143254],{"class":70},"!?",[44,143256,67],{"class":66},[44,143258,434],{"class":62},[20,143260,1031],{},[35,143262,143263],{"className":37,"code":138300,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143264,143265],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143266,143267],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143268,138300],{"class":50},[20,143270,83451],{},[126,143272,143273,143278],{},[129,143274,143275,143277],{},[15,143276,134244],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[129,143279,143280,143281,143283],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143282,134244],{}," does not matter",[30,143285,143287,143288],{"id":143286},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143289,41475],{},[20,143291,30712,143292,504],{},[15,143293,41475],{},[20,143295,143296],{},"It is useful for:",[126,143298,143299,143304,143307,143310],{},[129,143300,143301,143302,3708],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143303,17],{},[129,143305,143306],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[129,143308,143309],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[129,143311,143312],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143314,47986],{},[35,143316,143318],{"className":37,"code":143317,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143319,143320,143333,143349,143353],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143321,143322,143324,143326,143328,143331],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143323,299],{"class":50},[44,143325,55],{"class":54},[44,143327,1438],{"class":66},[44,143329,143330],{"class":70},"  sam  ",[44,143332,3176],{"class":66},[44,143334,143335,143338,143340,143343,143345,143347],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,143336,143337],{"class":50},"clean_username ",[44,143339,55],{"class":54},[44,143341,143342],{"class":50}," username",[44,143344,504],{"class":62},[44,143346,1273],{"class":97},[44,143348,345],{"class":62},[44,143350,143351],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,143352,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,143354,143355,143357,143359,143362],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,143356,82],{"class":58},[44,143358,63],{"class":62},[44,143360,143361],{"class":97},"clean_username",[44,143363,76],{"class":62},[20,143365,1031],{},[35,143367,143369],{"className":37,"code":143368,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sam\n",[15,143370,143371],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143372,143373],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143374,143368],{"class":50},[20,143376,143377],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[35,143379,143381],{"className":37,"code":143380,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143382,143383,143396,143400,143422],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143384,143385,143387,143389,143391,143394],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143386,136228],{"class":50},[44,143388,55],{"class":54},[44,143390,1438],{"class":66},[44,143392,143393],{"class":70}," yes  ",[44,143395,3176],{"class":66},[44,143397,143398],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,143399,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,143401,143402,143404,143406,143408,143410,143412,143414,143416,143418,143420],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,143403,6828],{"class":1384},[44,143405,136248],{"class":50},[44,143407,504],{"class":62},[44,143409,1273],{"class":97},[44,143411,7196],{"class":62},[44,143413,6237],{"class":54},[44,143415,1438],{"class":66},[44,143417,8482],{"class":70},[44,143419,67],{"class":66},[44,143421,1388],{"class":62},[44,143423,143424,143426,143428,143430,143433,143435],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,143425,1416],{"class":58},[44,143427,63],{"class":62},[44,143429,67],{"class":66},[44,143431,143432],{"class":70},"Matched",[44,143434,67],{"class":66},[44,143436,76],{"class":62},[20,143438,1031],{},[35,143440,143442],{"className":37,"code":143441,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Matched\n",[15,143443,143444],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143445,143446],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143447,143441],{"class":50},[20,143449,143450,143451,504],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[491,143452,143454],{"href":143453},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143456,143457],{},"Example with file-style text:",[35,143459,143461],{"className":37,"code":143460,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143462,143463,143479,143493],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143464,143465,143468,143470,143472,143475,143477],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143466,143467],{"class":50},"line ",[44,143469,55],{"class":54},[44,143471,1438],{"class":66},[44,143473,143474],{"class":70},"Python basics",[44,143476,86783],{"class":34279},[44,143478,3176],{"class":66},[44,143480,143481,143483,143485,143487,143489,143491],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,143482,82],{"class":58},[44,143484,63],{"class":62},[44,143486,1231],{"class":58},[44,143488,63],{"class":62},[44,143490,46],{"class":97},[44,143492,434],{"class":62},[44,143494,143495,143497,143499,143501,143503,143505,143507,143509],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,143496,82],{"class":58},[44,143498,63],{"class":62},[44,143500,1231],{"class":58},[44,143502,63],{"class":62},[44,143504,46],{"class":97},[44,143506,504],{"class":62},[44,143508,1273],{"class":97},[44,143510,6119],{"class":62},[20,143512,1031],{},[35,143514,143516],{"className":37,"code":143515,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143517,143518,143529],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143519,143520,143522,143524,143527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143521,476],{"class":43142},[44,143523,143474],{"class":43146},[44,143525,86783],{"class":143526},"sfi6f",[44,143528,29530],{"class":43142},[44,143530,143531,143533,143535],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,143532,476],{"class":43142},[44,143534,143474],{"class":43146},[44,143536,29530],{"class":43142},[20,143538,8243,143539,143541,143542,504],{},[15,143540,122199],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143543,86783],{},[20,143545,143546,143547,504],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[491,143548,143549],{"href":87436},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[30,143551,143553],{"id":143552},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143555,143556,143557,504],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143558,143559],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143561,143562],{},"Python will:",[126,143564,143565,143568,143571],{},[129,143566,143567],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[129,143569,143570],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[129,143572,143573],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143575,145],{},[35,143577,143579],{"className":37,"code":143578,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143580,143581,143594],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143582,143583,143585,143587,143589,143592],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143584,34514],{"class":50},[44,143586,55],{"class":54},[44,143588,1438],{"class":66},[44,143590,143591],{"class":70},"??hello!!",[44,143593,3176],{"class":66},[44,143595,143596,143598,143600,143602,143604,143606,143608,143610,143612,143614],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,143597,82],{"class":58},[44,143599,63],{"class":62},[44,143601,34535],{"class":97},[44,143603,504],{"class":62},[44,143605,1273],{"class":97},[44,143607,63],{"class":62},[44,143609,67],{"class":66},[44,143611,143254],{"class":70},[44,143613,67],{"class":66},[44,143615,434],{"class":62},[20,143617,1031],{},[35,143619,143620],{"className":37,"code":138300,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143621,143622],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143623,143624],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143625,138300],{"class":50},[20,143627,51706],{},[35,143629,143631],{"className":37,"code":143630,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143632,143633,143646],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143634,143635,143637,143639,143641,143644],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143636,34514],{"class":50},[44,143638,55],{"class":54},[44,143640,1438],{"class":66},[44,143642,143643],{"class":70},"abcHelloCba",[44,143645,3176],{"class":66},[44,143647,143648,143650,143652,143654,143656,143658,143660,143662,143664,143666],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,143649,82],{"class":58},[44,143651,63],{"class":62},[44,143653,34535],{"class":97},[44,143655,504],{"class":62},[44,143657,1273],{"class":97},[44,143659,63],{"class":62},[44,143661,67],{"class":66},[44,143663,41382],{"class":70},[44,143665,67],{"class":66},[44,143667,434],{"class":62},[20,143669,1031],{},[35,143671,143673],{"className":37,"code":143672,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HelloC\n",[15,143674,143675],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143676,143677],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143678,143672],{"class":50},[20,143680,6064],{},[20,143682,143683,13880,143686,143688,143689,143691,143692,2018,143694,2022,143696,143698],{},[15,143684,143685],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[3563,143687,4457],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143690,41382],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143693,491],{},[15,143695,4587],{},[15,143697,9561],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143700,143701],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,143703,143704,143705,6461],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[491,143706,143707],{"href":129566},[15,143708,124156],{},[30,143710,143712,10408,143714,10408,143717],{"id":143711},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,143713,41475],{},[15,143715,143716],{},"lstrip()",[15,143718,143719],{},"rstrip()",[20,143721,143722],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[126,143724,143725,143730,143735],{},[129,143726,143727,143729],{},[15,143728,41475],{}," removes from both ends",[129,143731,143732,143734],{},[15,143733,143716],{}," removes from the left side only",[129,143736,143737,143739],{},[15,143738,143719],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,143741,145],{},[35,143743,143745],{"className":37,"code":143744,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,143746,143747,143759,143763,143781,143800],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143748,143749,143751,143753,143755,143757],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143750,34514],{"class":50},[44,143752,55],{"class":54},[44,143754,1438],{"class":66},[44,143756,142992],{"class":70},[44,143758,3176],{"class":66},[44,143760,143761],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,143762,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,143764,143765,143767,143769,143771,143773,143775,143777,143779],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,143766,82],{"class":58},[44,143768,63],{"class":62},[44,143770,1231],{"class":58},[44,143772,63],{"class":62},[44,143774,34535],{"class":97},[44,143776,504],{"class":62},[44,143778,1273],{"class":97},[44,143780,6119],{"class":62},[44,143782,143783,143785,143787,143789,143791,143793,143795,143798],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,143784,82],{"class":58},[44,143786,63],{"class":62},[44,143788,1231],{"class":58},[44,143790,63],{"class":62},[44,143792,34535],{"class":97},[44,143794,504],{"class":62},[44,143796,143797],{"class":97},"lstrip",[44,143799,6119],{"class":62},[44,143801,143802,143804,143806,143808,143810,143812,143814,143817],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,143803,82],{"class":58},[44,143805,63],{"class":62},[44,143807,1231],{"class":58},[44,143809,63],{"class":62},[44,143811,34535],{"class":97},[44,143813,504],{"class":62},[44,143815,143816],{"class":97},"rstrip",[44,143818,6119],{"class":62},[20,143820,1031],{},[35,143822,143824],{"className":37,"code":143823,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,143825,143826,143834,143843],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143827,143828,143830,143832],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143829,476],{"class":43142},[44,143831,3667],{"class":43146},[44,143833,29530],{"class":43142},[44,143835,143836,143838,143841],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,143837,476],{"class":43142},[44,143839,143840],{"class":43146},"hello  ",[44,143842,29530],{"class":43142},[44,143844,143845,143847,143850],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,143846,476],{"class":43142},[44,143848,143849],{"class":43146},"  hello",[44,143851,29530],{"class":43142},[20,143853,143854],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[30,143856,107993],{"id":107992},[20,143858,143859],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[126,143861,143862,143870,143880,143883],{},[129,143863,143864,143866,143867,143869],{},[15,143865,143685],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,143868,41352],{}," once",[129,143871,143872,143873,2018,143875,2022,143877,143879],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,143874,491],{},[15,143876,4587],{},[15,143878,9561],{}," from both ends",[129,143881,143882],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[129,143884,143885],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,143887,145],{},[35,143889,143891],{"className":37,"code":143890,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,143892,143893,143906],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143894,143895,143897,143899,143901,143904],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143896,126068],{"class":50},[44,143898,55],{"class":54},[44,143900,1438],{"class":66},[44,143902,143903],{"class":70},"txt_report.txt",[44,143905,3176],{"class":66},[44,143907,143908,143910,143912,143914,143916,143918,143920,143922,143924,143926],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,143909,82],{"class":58},[44,143911,63],{"class":62},[44,143913,126086],{"class":97},[44,143915,504],{"class":62},[44,143917,1273],{"class":97},[44,143919,63],{"class":62},[44,143921,67],{"class":66},[44,143923,126121],{"class":70},[44,143925,67],{"class":66},[44,143927,434],{"class":62},[20,143929,1031],{},[35,143931,143933],{"className":37,"code":143932,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"_report\n",[15,143934,143935],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143936,143937],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143938,143932],{"class":50},[20,143940,143941,143942,2018,143944,2022,143946,143948],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,143943,504],{},[15,143945,62916],{},[15,143947,2003],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,143950,53280,143951,4610,143954,143956],{},[15,143952,143953],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[3563,143955,4457],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,143958,143959,143960,143964],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[491,143961,143962],{"href":129566},[15,143963,124156],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[30,143966,4788,143968],{"id":143967},"when-to-use-strip",[15,143969,41475],{},[20,143971,103,143972,143974],{},[15,143973,41475],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,143976,36251],{},[126,143978,143979,143983,143985,143988],{},[129,143980,143301,143981,3708],{},[15,143982,17],{},[129,143984,143306],{},[129,143986,143987],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[129,143989,143990],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,143992,145],{},[35,143994,143996],{"className":37,"code":143995,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,143997,143998,144012,144016,144029],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143999,144000,144003,144005,144007,144010],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144001,144002],{"class":50},"email ",[44,144004,55],{"class":54},[44,144006,1438],{"class":66},[44,144008,144009],{"class":70},"  user@example.com  ",[44,144011,3176],{"class":66},[44,144013,144014],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,144015,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,144017,144018,144020,144023,144025,144027],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,144019,6828],{"class":1384},[44,144021,144022],{"class":50}," email",[44,144024,504],{"class":62},[44,144026,1273],{"class":97},[44,144028,21424],{"class":62},[44,144030,144031,144033,144035,144037,144040,144042],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,144032,1416],{"class":58},[44,144034,63],{"class":62},[44,144036,67],{"class":66},[44,144038,144039],{"class":70},"Email was entered",[44,144041,67],{"class":66},[44,144043,76],{"class":62},[20,144045,1031],{},[35,144047,144049],{"className":37,"code":144048,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Email was entered\n",[15,144050,144051],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144052,144053],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144054,144048],{"class":50},[20,144056,144057,144058,144060,144061,504],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144059,41475],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[491,144062,144063],{"href":123712},[15,144064,123715],{},[30,144066,1486],{"id":1485},[20,144068,83870],{},[126,144070,144071,144075,144080,144085],{},[129,144072,8279,144073,131205],{},[15,144074,41475],{},[129,144076,8279,144077,144079],{},[15,144078,41475],{}," to remove text from the middle",[129,144081,8243,144082,144084],{},[15,144083,143953],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[129,144086,984,144087,144090],{},[15,144088,144089],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144092,144093],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[35,144095,144097],{"className":37,"code":144096,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144098,144099,144113,144117,144127,144141,144155],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144100,144101,144103,144105,144107,144109,144111],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144102,34514],{"class":50},[44,144104,55],{"class":54},[44,144106,1438],{"class":66},[44,144108,143849],{"class":70},[44,144110,86783],{"class":34279},[44,144112,3176],{"class":66},[44,144114,144115],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,144116,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,144118,144119,144121,144123,144125],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,144120,82],{"class":58},[44,144122,63],{"class":62},[44,144124,34535],{"class":97},[44,144126,76],{"class":62},[44,144128,144129,144131,144133,144135,144137,144139],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,144130,82],{"class":58},[44,144132,63],{"class":62},[44,144134,1231],{"class":58},[44,144136,63],{"class":62},[44,144138,34535],{"class":97},[44,144140,434],{"class":62},[44,144142,144143,144145,144147,144149,144151,144153],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,144144,82],{"class":58},[44,144146,63],{"class":62},[44,144148,34535],{"class":97},[44,144150,504],{"class":62},[44,144152,1273],{"class":97},[44,144154,7025],{"class":62},[44,144156,144157,144159,144161,144163,144165,144167,144169,144171],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,144158,82],{"class":58},[44,144160,63],{"class":62},[44,144162,1231],{"class":58},[44,144164,63],{"class":62},[44,144166,34535],{"class":97},[44,144168,504],{"class":62},[44,144170,1273],{"class":97},[44,144172,6119],{"class":62},[20,144174,1031],{},[35,144176,144178],{"className":37,"code":144177,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144179,144180,144185,144189,144199,144203],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144181,144182],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144183,144184],{"class":50},"  hello\n",[44,144186,144187],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,144188,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,144190,144191,144193,144195,144197],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,144192,476],{"class":43142},[44,144194,143849],{"class":43146},[44,144196,86783],{"class":143526},[44,144198,29530],{"class":43142},[44,144200,144201],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,144202,138300],{"class":50},[44,144204,144205,144207,144209],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,144206,476],{"class":43142},[44,144208,3667],{"class":43146},[44,144210,29530],{"class":43142},[20,144212,144213],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[35,144215,144217],{"className":37,"code":144216,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144218,144219,144229,144243,144257,144275],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144220,144221,144223,144225,144227],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144222,82],{"class":58},[44,144224,63],{"class":62},[44,144226,34535],{"class":97},[44,144228,76],{"class":62},[44,144230,144231,144233,144235,144237,144239,144241],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,144232,82],{"class":58},[44,144234,63],{"class":62},[44,144236,1231],{"class":58},[44,144238,63],{"class":62},[44,144240,34535],{"class":97},[44,144242,434],{"class":62},[44,144244,144245,144247,144249,144251,144253,144255],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,144246,82],{"class":58},[44,144248,63],{"class":62},[44,144250,34535],{"class":97},[44,144252,504],{"class":62},[44,144254,1273],{"class":97},[44,144256,7025],{"class":62},[44,144258,144259,144261,144263,144265,144267,144269,144271,144273],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,144260,82],{"class":58},[44,144262,63],{"class":62},[44,144264,1231],{"class":58},[44,144266,63],{"class":62},[44,144268,34535],{"class":97},[44,144270,504],{"class":62},[44,144272,1273],{"class":97},[44,144274,6119],{"class":62},[44,144276,144277,144279,144281,144283,144285,144287],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,144278,31978],{"class":58},[44,144280,63],{"class":62},[44,144282,473],{"class":426},[44,144284,504],{"class":62},[44,144286,1273],{"class":24579},[44,144288,76],{"class":62},[20,144290,144291,144293],{},[15,144292,122199],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[30,144295,1651],{"id":1650},[600,144297,1655,144299,144301],{"id":144298},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144300,41475],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144303,1661,144304,144306],{},[15,144305,41475],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[600,144308,1655,144310,124312],{"id":144309},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144311,41475],{},[20,144313,144314],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[600,144316,4970,144318,144320],{"id":144317},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144319,41475],{}," remove by default?",[20,144322,144323],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[600,144325,34031,144327,34034,144329,213],{"id":144326},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144328,41475],{},[15,144330,124156],{},[20,144332,144333,144335,144336,144338],{},[15,144334,41475],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144337,124156],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[600,144340,144342],{"id":144341},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144344,127858,144345,144347,144348,144350],{},[15,144346,143716],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144349,143719],{}," for the right side.",[30,144352,1719],{"id":1718},[126,144354,144355,144361,144367,144372,144377],{},[129,144356,144357],{},[491,144358,125985,144359,10564],{"href":123712},[15,144360,123715],{},[129,144362,144363],{},[491,144364,125985,144365,10564],{"href":129566},[15,144366,124156],{},[129,144368,144369],{},[491,144370,144371],{"href":143453},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[129,144373,144374],{},[491,144375,144376],{"href":87436},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[129,144378,144379],{},[491,144380,124740],{"href":50601},[1758,144382,144383],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":144385},[144386,144387,144389,144393,144395,144396,144398,144399,144401,144402,144413],{"id":3424,"depth":79,"text":3425},{"id":143038,"depth":79,"text":144388},"What strip() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250,"children":144390},[144391,144392],{"id":143161,"depth":419,"text":143153},{"id":143212,"depth":419,"text":143158},{"id":143286,"depth":79,"text":144394},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143552,"depth":79,"text":143553},{"id":143711,"depth":79,"text":144397},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":107992,"depth":79,"text":107993},{"id":143967,"depth":79,"text":144400},"When to use strip()",{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":144403},[144404,144406,144408,144410,144412],{"id":144298,"depth":419,"text":144405},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144309,"depth":419,"text":144407},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144317,"depth":419,"text":144409},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144326,"depth":419,"text":144411},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144341,"depth":419,"text":144342},{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":142959,"description":144414},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144421,"title":144422,"body":144423,"description":145603,"extension":1796,"meta":145604,"navigation":807,"path":145605,"seo":145606,"stem":145607,"__hash__":145608},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144424,"toc":145573},[144425,144430,144435,144440,144442,144488,144496,144501,144515,144521,144523,144525,144540,144542,144552,144555,144586,144589,144612,144614,144617,144674,144676,144690,144692,144706,144712,144717,144720,144761,144763,144772,144780,144783,144828,144830,144839,144842,144846,144851,144865,144867,144899,144901,144921,144924,144929,144934,144936,144947,144950,145007,145009,145017,145026,145028,145030,145036,145038,145075,145077,145085,145087,145128,145130,145139,145144,145149,145151,145178,145185,145188,145219,145221,145230,145236,145245,145276,145278,145290,145303,145307,145312,145342,145344,145411,145413,145423,145425,145430,145433,145438,145443,145447,145453,145459,145462,145464,145522,145524,145532,145534,145570],[10,144426,122985,144428,11147],{"id":144427},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144429,127863],{},[20,144431,122990,144432,144434],{},[15,144433,127863],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144436,84247,144437,144439],{},[15,144438,127863],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[30,144441,33],{"id":32},[35,144443,144445],{"className":37,"code":144444,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144446,144447,144459,144473,144483],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144448,144449,144451,144453,144455,144457],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144450,34514],{"class":50},[44,144452,55],{"class":54},[44,144454,1438],{"class":66},[44,144456,128704],{"class":70},[44,144458,3176],{"class":66},[44,144460,144461,144463,144465,144467,144469,144471],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,144462,2059],{"class":50},[44,144464,55],{"class":54},[44,144466,42655],{"class":50},[44,144468,504],{"class":62},[44,144470,34304],{"class":97},[44,144472,345],{"class":62},[44,144474,144475,144477,144479,144481],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,144476,82],{"class":58},[44,144478,63],{"class":62},[44,144480,2094],{"class":97},[44,144482,76],{"class":62},[44,144484,144485],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,144486,144487],{"class":3483},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144489,144490,144492,144493,144495],{},[15,144491,127863],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[3563,144494,4457],{}," change the original string in place.",[30,144497,113,144499,116],{"id":144498},"what-upper-does",[15,144500,127863],{},[126,144502,144503,144508,144511,144513],{},[129,144504,144505,144507],{},[15,144506,127863],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[129,144509,144510],{},"It works on string values only",[129,144512,133233],{},[129,144514,135951],{},[20,144516,124737,144517,497,144519,504],{},[491,144518,135957],{"href":135956},[491,144520,124740],{"href":50601},[30,144522,250],{"id":249},[20,144524,1989],{},[35,144526,144528],{"className":37,"code":144527,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.upper()\n",[15,144529,144530],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144531,144532,144534,144536,144538],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144533,60803],{"class":50},[44,144535,504],{"class":62},[44,144537,34304],{"class":97},[44,144539,345],{"class":62},[20,144541,273],{},[126,144543,144544,144546,144549],{},[129,144545,97158],{},[129,144547,144548],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[129,144550,144551],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144553,144554],{},"Example with a variable:",[35,144556,144558],{"className":37,"code":144557,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144559,144560,144572],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144561,144562,144564,144566,144568,144570],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144563,51],{"class":50},[44,144565,55],{"class":54},[44,144567,1438],{"class":66},[44,144569,39],{"class":70},[44,144571,3176],{"class":66},[44,144573,144574,144576,144578,144580,144582,144584],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,144575,82],{"class":58},[44,144577,63],{"class":62},[44,144579,652],{"class":97},[44,144581,504],{"class":62},[44,144583,34304],{"class":97},[44,144585,7025],{"class":62},[20,144587,144588],{},"Example with a string literal:",[35,144590,144592],{"className":37,"code":144591,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144593,144594],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144595,144596,144598,144600,144602,144604,144606,144608,144610],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144597,82],{"class":58},[44,144599,63],{"class":62},[44,144601,67],{"class":66},[44,144603,3667],{"class":70},[44,144605,67],{"class":66},[44,144607,504],{"class":62},[44,144609,34304],{"class":97},[44,144611,7025],{"class":62},[30,144613,11300],{"id":11299},[20,144615,144616],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[35,144618,144620],{"className":37,"code":144619,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144621,144622,144634,144649,144653,144663],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144623,144624,144626,144628,144630,144632],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144625,5983],{"class":50},[44,144627,55],{"class":54},[44,144629,1438],{"class":66},[44,144631,3912],{"class":70},[44,144633,3176],{"class":66},[44,144635,144636,144639,144641,144643,144645,144647],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,144637,144638],{"class":50},"uppercase_word ",[44,144640,55],{"class":54},[44,144642,38207],{"class":50},[44,144644,504],{"class":62},[44,144646,34304],{"class":97},[44,144648,345],{"class":62},[44,144650,144651],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,144652,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,144654,144655,144657,144659,144661],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,144656,82],{"class":58},[44,144658,63],{"class":62},[44,144660,38217],{"class":97},[44,144662,76],{"class":62},[44,144664,144665,144667,144669,144672],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,144666,82],{"class":58},[44,144668,63],{"class":62},[44,144670,144671],{"class":97},"uppercase_word",[44,144673,76],{"class":62},[20,144675,1031],{},[35,144677,144679],{"className":37,"code":144678,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144680,144681,144685],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144682,144683],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144684,70036],{"class":50},[44,144686,144687],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,144688,144689],{"class":34279},"BANANA\n",[20,144691,112099],{},[126,144693,144694,144699],{},[129,144695,144696,144698],{},[15,144697,38217],{}," keeps its original value",[129,144700,144701,144703,144704],{},[15,144702,144671],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144705,127863],{},[30,144707,144709,144711],{"id":144708},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,144710,127863],{}," does not change the original string",[20,144713,136617,144714,144716],{},[3563,144715,136620],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,144718,144719],{},"So this method:",[35,144721,144723],{"className":37,"code":144722,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144724,144725,144737,144747,144751],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144726,144727,144729,144731,144733,144735],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144728,51],{"class":50},[44,144730,55],{"class":54},[44,144732,1438],{"class":66},[44,144734,17633],{"class":70},[44,144736,3176],{"class":66},[44,144738,144739,144741,144743,144745],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,144740,652],{"class":50},[44,144742,504],{"class":62},[44,144744,34304],{"class":97},[44,144746,345],{"class":62},[44,144748,144749],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,144750,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,144752,144753,144755,144757,144759],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,144754,82],{"class":58},[44,144756,63],{"class":62},[44,144758,652],{"class":97},[44,144760,76],{"class":62},[20,144762,1031],{},[35,144764,144766],{"className":37,"code":144765,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"alice\n",[15,144767,144768],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144769,144770],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144771,144765],{"class":50},[20,144773,20806,144774,144776,144777,144779],{},[15,144775,127863],{}," was called, ",[15,144778,652],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,144781,144782],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[35,144784,144786],{"className":37,"code":144785,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144787,144788,144800,144814,144818],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144789,144790,144792,144794,144796,144798],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144791,51],{"class":50},[44,144793,55],{"class":54},[44,144795,1438],{"class":66},[44,144797,17633],{"class":70},[44,144799,3176],{"class":66},[44,144801,144802,144804,144806,144808,144810,144812],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,144803,51],{"class":50},[44,144805,55],{"class":54},[44,144807,98],{"class":50},[44,144809,504],{"class":62},[44,144811,34304],{"class":97},[44,144813,345],{"class":62},[44,144815,144816],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,144817,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,144819,144820,144822,144824,144826],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,144821,82],{"class":58},[44,144823,63],{"class":62},[44,144825,652],{"class":97},[44,144827,76],{"class":62},[20,144829,1031],{},[35,144831,144833],{"className":37,"code":144832,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ALICE\n",[15,144834,144835],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144836,144837],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144838,144832],{"class":34279},[20,144840,144841],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[30,144843,144845],{"id":144844},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,144847,144848,144850],{},[15,144849,127863],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[126,144852,144853,144856,144859,144862],{},[129,144854,144855],{},"Numbers stay the same",[129,144857,144858],{},"Spaces stay the same",[129,144860,144861],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[129,144863,144864],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,144866,145],{},[35,144868,144870],{"className":37,"code":144869,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,144871,144872,144885],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144873,144874,144876,144878,144880,144883],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144875,34514],{"class":50},[44,144877,55],{"class":54},[44,144879,1438],{"class":66},[44,144881,144882],{"class":70},"Room 7, table #3!",[44,144884,3176],{"class":66},[44,144886,144887,144889,144891,144893,144895,144897],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,144888,82],{"class":58},[44,144890,63],{"class":62},[44,144892,34535],{"class":97},[44,144894,504],{"class":62},[44,144896,34304],{"class":97},[44,144898,7025],{"class":62},[20,144900,1031],{},[35,144902,144904],{"className":37,"code":144903,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,144905,144906],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144907,144908,144911,144913,144915,144918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144909,144910],{"class":34279},"ROOM",[44,144912,5823],{"class":452},[44,144914,186],{"class":62},[44,144916,144917],{"class":34279}," TABLE",[44,144919,144920],{"class":3483}," #3!\n",[20,144922,144923],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[30,144925,4788,144927],{"id":144926},"when-to-use-upper",[15,144928,127863],{},[20,144930,144931,144933],{},[15,144932,127863],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,144935,47964],{},[126,144937,144938,144941,144944],{},[129,144939,144940],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[129,144942,144943],{},"Format labels or headings",[129,144945,144946],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,144948,144949],{},"Example: simple comparison",[35,144951,144953],{"className":37,"code":144952,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,144954,144955,144967,144971,144993],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144956,144957,144959,144961,144963,144965],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144958,136228],{"class":50},[44,144960,55],{"class":54},[44,144962,1438],{"class":66},[44,144964,8482],{"class":70},[44,144966,3176],{"class":66},[44,144968,144969],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,144970,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,144972,144973,144975,144977,144979,144981,144983,144985,144987,144989,144991],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,144974,6828],{"class":1384},[44,144976,136248],{"class":50},[44,144978,504],{"class":62},[44,144980,34304],{"class":97},[44,144982,7196],{"class":62},[44,144984,6237],{"class":54},[44,144986,1438],{"class":66},[44,144988,136235],{"class":70},[44,144990,67],{"class":66},[44,144992,1388],{"class":62},[44,144994,144995,144997,144999,145001,145003,145005],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,144996,1416],{"class":58},[44,144998,63],{"class":62},[44,145000,67],{"class":66},[44,145002,143432],{"class":70},[44,145004,67],{"class":66},[44,145006,76],{"class":62},[20,145008,1031],{},[35,145010,145011],{"className":37,"code":143441,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145012,145013],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145014,145015],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145016,143441],{"class":50},[20,145018,145019,145020,2018,145022,2022,145024,504],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145021,8482],{},[15,145023,137021],{},[15,145025,136235],{},[30,145027,1486],{"id":1485},[600,145029,95519],{"id":95518},[20,145031,7944,145032,145035],{},[15,145033,145034],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145037,16472],{},[35,145039,145041],{"className":37,"code":145040,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145042,145043,145055,145065],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145044,145045,145047,145049,145051,145053],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145046,34514],{"class":50},[44,145048,55],{"class":54},[44,145050,1438],{"class":66},[44,145052,3667],{"class":70},[44,145054,3176],{"class":66},[44,145056,145057,145059,145061,145063],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,145058,34535],{"class":50},[44,145060,504],{"class":62},[44,145062,34304],{"class":97},[44,145064,345],{"class":62},[44,145066,145067,145069,145071,145073],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,145068,82],{"class":58},[44,145070,63],{"class":62},[44,145072,34535],{"class":97},[44,145074,76],{"class":62},[20,145076,1031],{},[35,145078,145079],{"className":37,"code":138300,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145080,145081],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145082,145083],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145084,138300],{"class":50},[20,145086,16484],{},[35,145088,145090],{"className":37,"code":145089,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145091,145092,145104,145118],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145093,145094,145096,145098,145100,145102],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145095,34514],{"class":50},[44,145097,55],{"class":54},[44,145099,1438],{"class":66},[44,145101,3667],{"class":70},[44,145103,3176],{"class":66},[44,145105,145106,145108,145110,145112,145114,145116],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,145107,34514],{"class":50},[44,145109,55],{"class":54},[44,145111,42655],{"class":50},[44,145113,504],{"class":62},[44,145115,34304],{"class":97},[44,145117,345],{"class":62},[44,145119,145120,145122,145124,145126],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,145121,82],{"class":58},[44,145123,63],{"class":62},[44,145125,34535],{"class":97},[44,145127,76],{"class":62},[20,145129,1031],{},[35,145131,145133],{"className":37,"code":145132,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HELLO\n",[15,145134,145135],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145136,145137],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145138,145132],{"class":34279},[600,145140,18738,145142,136907],{"id":145141},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145143,127863],{},[20,145145,145146,145148],{},[15,145147,127863],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145150,145],{},[35,145152,145154],{"className":37,"code":145153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145155,145156,145164],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145157,145158,145160,145162],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145159,2046],{"class":50},[44,145161,55],{"class":54},[44,145163,124667],{"class":452},[44,145165,145166,145168,145170,145172,145174,145176],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,145167,82],{"class":58},[44,145169,63],{"class":62},[44,145171,2069],{"class":97},[44,145173,504],{"class":62},[44,145175,34304],{"class":97},[44,145177,7025],{"class":62},[20,145179,39479,145180,145182,145183,33426],{},[15,145181,588],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145184,127863],{},[20,145186,145187],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[35,145189,145191],{"className":37,"code":145190,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145192,145193,145201],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145194,145195,145197,145199],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145196,2046],{"class":50},[44,145198,55],{"class":54},[44,145200,124667],{"class":452},[44,145202,145203,145205,145207,145209,145211,145213,145215,145217],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,145204,82],{"class":58},[44,145206,63],{"class":62},[44,145208,473],{"class":426},[44,145210,63],{"class":62},[44,145212,2069],{"class":97},[44,145214,1270],{"class":62},[44,145216,34304],{"class":97},[44,145218,7025],{"class":62},[20,145220,1031],{},[35,145222,145224],{"className":37,"code":145223,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"123\n",[15,145225,145226],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145227,145228],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145229,145223],{"class":452},[600,145231,37030,145233,145235],{"id":145232},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145234,127863],{}," with title case",[20,145237,145238,145240,145241,145244],{},[15,145239,127863],{}," makes ",[3563,145242,145243],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[35,145246,145248],{"className":37,"code":145247,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145249,145250,145262],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145251,145252,145254,145256,145258,145260],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145253,34514],{"class":50},[44,145255,55],{"class":54},[44,145257,1438],{"class":66},[44,145259,60035],{"class":70},[44,145261,3176],{"class":66},[44,145263,145264,145266,145268,145270,145272,145274],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,145265,82],{"class":58},[44,145267,63],{"class":62},[44,145269,34535],{"class":97},[44,145271,504],{"class":62},[44,145273,34304],{"class":97},[44,145275,7025],{"class":62},[20,145277,1031],{},[35,145279,145281],{"className":37,"code":145280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145282,145283],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145284,145285,145287],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145286,136009],{"class":34279},[44,145288,145289],{"class":34279}," WORLD\n",[20,145291,145292,145293,145297,145298,145302],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[491,145294,145295],{"href":123712},[15,145296,123715],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[491,145299,145300],{"href":129566},[15,145301,124156],{}," changes parts of a string.",[30,145304,145306],{"id":145305},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145308,145309,145310,449],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145311,127863],{},[126,145313,145314,145321,145328,145335],{},[129,145315,145316,145320],{},[491,145317,145318],{"href":123712},[15,145319,123715],{}," for lowercase text",[129,145322,145323,145327],{},[491,145324,145325],{"href":136555},[15,145326,41475],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[129,145329,145330,145334],{},[491,145331,145332],{"href":129566},[15,145333,124156],{}," for changing parts of a string",[129,145336,145337,1126,145339,145341],{},[15,145338,127353],{},[15,145340,126043],{}," for checks",[20,145343,145],{},[35,145345,145347],{"className":37,"code":145346,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145348,145349,145361,145365,145380,145396,145400],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145350,145351,145353,145355,145357,145359],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145352,34514],{"class":50},[44,145354,55],{"class":54},[44,145356,1438],{"class":66},[44,145358,143083],{"class":70},[44,145360,3176],{"class":66},[44,145362,145363],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,145364,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,145366,145367,145370,145372,145374,145376,145378],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,145368,145369],{"class":50},"cleaned ",[44,145371,55],{"class":54},[44,145373,42655],{"class":50},[44,145375,504],{"class":62},[44,145377,1273],{"class":97},[44,145379,345],{"class":62},[44,145381,145382,145385,145387,145390,145392,145394],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,145383,145384],{"class":50},"loud ",[44,145386,55],{"class":54},[44,145388,145389],{"class":50}," cleaned",[44,145391,504],{"class":62},[44,145393,34304],{"class":97},[44,145395,345],{"class":62},[44,145397,145398],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,145399,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,145401,145402,145404,145406,145409],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,145403,82],{"class":58},[44,145405,63],{"class":62},[44,145407,145408],{"class":97},"loud",[44,145410,76],{"class":62},[20,145412,1031],{},[35,145414,145415],{"className":37,"code":145280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145416,145417],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145418,145419,145421],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145420,136009],{"class":34279},[44,145422,145289],{"class":34279},[30,145424,1651],{"id":1650},[600,145426,1655,145428,124312],{"id":145427},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145429,127863],{},[20,145431,145432],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[600,145434,1655,145436,137289],{"id":145435},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145437,127863],{},[20,145439,145440,145441,504],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145442,145034],{},[600,145444,145446],{"id":145445},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145448,145449,145450,145452],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145451,127863],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[600,145454,28159,145456,145458],{"id":145455},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145457,127863],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145460,145461],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145463,145],{},[35,145465,145467],{"className":37,"code":145466,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145468,145469,145481,145494,145498],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145470,145471,145473,145475,145477,145479],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145472,1070],{"class":50},[44,145474,55],{"class":54},[44,145476,1438],{"class":66},[44,145478,39],{"class":70},[44,145480,3176],{"class":66},[44,145482,145483,145485,145487,145489,145492],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,145484,1089],{"class":50},[44,145486,55],{"class":54},[44,145488,1438],{"class":66},[44,145490,145491],{"class":70},"PYTHON",[44,145493,3176],{"class":66},[44,145495,145496],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,145497,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,145499,145500,145502,145504,145506,145508,145510,145512,145514,145516,145518,145520],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,145501,82],{"class":58},[44,145503,63],{"class":62},[44,145505,491],{"class":97},[44,145507,504],{"class":62},[44,145509,34304],{"class":97},[44,145511,7196],{"class":62},[44,145513,6237],{"class":54},[44,145515,1117],{"class":97},[44,145517,504],{"class":62},[44,145519,34304],{"class":97},[44,145521,7025],{"class":62},[20,145523,1031],{},[35,145525,145526],{"className":37,"code":3803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145527,145528],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145529,145530],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145531,3803],{"class":3674},[30,145533,1719],{"id":1718},[126,145535,145536,145540,145546,145552,145558,145562,145566],{},[129,145537,145538],{},[491,145539,124740],{"href":50601},[129,145541,145542],{},[491,145543,125985,145544,10564],{"href":123712},[15,145545,123715],{},[129,145547,145548],{},[491,145549,125985,145550,10564],{"href":136555},[15,145551,41475],{},[129,145553,145554],{},[491,145555,125985,145556,10564],{"href":129566},[15,145557,124156],{},[129,145559,145560],{},[491,145561,90313],{"href":89322},[129,145563,145564],{},[491,145565,124384],{"href":123240},[129,145567,145568],{},[491,145569,137375],{"href":135956},[1758,145571,145572],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":145574},[145575,145576,145578,145579,145580,145582,145583,145585,145592,145593,145602],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":144498,"depth":79,"text":145577},"What upper() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":11299,"depth":79,"text":11300},{"id":144708,"depth":79,"text":145581},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144844,"depth":79,"text":144845},{"id":144926,"depth":79,"text":145584},"When to use upper()",{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486,"children":145586},[145587,145588,145590],{"id":95518,"depth":419,"text":95519},{"id":145141,"depth":419,"text":145589},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145232,"depth":419,"text":145591},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145305,"depth":79,"text":145306},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":145594},[145595,145597,145599,145600],{"id":145427,"depth":419,"text":145596},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145435,"depth":419,"text":145598},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145445,"depth":419,"text":145446},{"id":145455,"depth":419,"text":145601},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144422,"description":145603},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145610,"title":145611,"body":145612,"description":147489,"extension":1796,"meta":147490,"navigation":807,"path":147491,"seo":147492,"stem":147493,"__hash__":147494},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145613,"toc":147439},[145614,145620,145627,145633,145635,145691,145696,145701,145706,145709,145728,145731,145733,145757,145775,145786,145788,145791,145844,145846,145854,145856,145874,145879,145882,145939,145941,145950,145953,145973,145976,145982,145987,145989,146032,146034,146042,146045,146086,146088,146097,146103,146109,146136,146138,146146,146151,146155,146167,146210,146212,146220,146225,146231,146236,146240,146242,146285,146288,146335,146337,146346,146353,146357,146360,146406,146411,146415,146417,146460,146463,146471,146473,146478,146480,146482,146501,146504,146516,146518,146537,146539,146547,146551,146553,146604,146607,146682,146684,146692,146695,146699,146701,146748,146751,146822,146824,146832,146838,146840,146915,146919,146998,147000,147008,147014,147020,147025,147030,147079,147083,147154,147157,147162,147173,147176,147187,147197,147199,147204,147229,147234,147315,147317,147342,147344,147349,147352,147358,147367,147373,147376,147382,147388,147395,147398,147400,147436],[10,145615,13,145617,18],{"id":145616},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145618,145619],{},"sum()",[20,145621,8945,145622,145624,145625,24593],{},[15,145623,145619],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145626,59627],{},[20,145628,145629,145630,145632],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145631,35897],{}," value and a few important limits.",[30,145634,33],{"id":32},[35,145636,145638],{"className":37,"code":145637,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145639,145640,145664,145679],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145641,145642,145644,145646,145648,145650,145652,145654,145656,145658,145660,145662],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145643,3435],{"class":50},[44,145645,55],{"class":54},[44,145647,3440],{"class":62},[44,145649,2807],{"class":452},[44,145651,186],{"class":62},[44,145653,2812],{"class":452},[44,145655,186],{"class":62},[44,145657,2282],{"class":452},[44,145659,186],{"class":62},[44,145661,2287],{"class":452},[44,145663,3453],{"class":62},[44,145665,145666,145668,145670,145673,145675,145677],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,145667,791],{"class":50},[44,145669,55],{"class":54},[44,145671,145672],{"class":58}," sum",[44,145674,63],{"class":62},[44,145676,3467],{"class":97},[44,145678,76],{"class":62},[44,145680,145681,145683,145685,145687,145689],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,145682,82],{"class":58},[44,145684,63],{"class":62},[44,145686,41034],{"class":97},[44,145688,3480],{"class":62},[44,145690,26625],{"class":3483},[20,145692,103,145693,145695],{},[15,145694,145619],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[30,145697,113,145699,116],{"id":145698},"what-sum-does",[15,145700,145619],{},[20,145702,145703,145705],{},[15,145704,145619],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145707,145708],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[126,145710,145711,145714,145717,145722],{},[129,145712,145713],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[129,145715,145716],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[129,145718,145719,145720],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,145721,36023],{},[129,145723,145724,145725,145727],{},"Counting ",[15,145726,3420],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,145729,145730],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[30,145732,250],{"id":249},[35,145734,145736],{"className":37,"code":145735,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,145737,145738],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145739,145740,145743,145745,145747,145749,145751,145753,145755],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145741,145742],{"class":58},"sum",[44,145744,63],{"class":62},[44,145746,3540],{"class":97},[44,145748,186],{"class":62},[44,145750,35876],{"class":8998},[44,145752,55],{"class":54},[44,145754,1951],{"class":452},[44,145756,76],{"class":62},[126,145758,145759,145764,145769],{},[129,145760,145761,145763],{},[15,145762,3540],{}," is the group of values to add",[129,145765,145766,145768],{},[15,145767,35897],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[129,145770,145771,145772],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,145773,145774],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,145776,145777,145778,145781,145782,504],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145779,145780,3540],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[491,145783,145784,24446],{"href":36020},[15,145785,36023],{},[30,145787,11300],{"id":11299},[20,145789,145790],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[35,145792,145794],{"className":37,"code":145793,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145795,145796,145816,145830,145834],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145797,145798,145800,145802,145804,145806,145808,145810,145812,145814],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145799,3435],{"class":50},[44,145801,55],{"class":54},[44,145803,3440],{"class":62},[44,145805,1129],{"class":452},[44,145807,186],{"class":62},[44,145809,5834],{"class":452},[44,145811,186],{"class":62},[44,145813,37762],{"class":452},[44,145815,3453],{"class":62},[44,145817,145818,145820,145822,145824,145826,145828],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,145819,791],{"class":50},[44,145821,55],{"class":54},[44,145823,145672],{"class":58},[44,145825,63],{"class":62},[44,145827,3467],{"class":97},[44,145829,76],{"class":62},[44,145831,145832],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,145833,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,145835,145836,145838,145840,145842],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,145837,82],{"class":58},[44,145839,63],{"class":62},[44,145841,41034],{"class":97},[44,145843,76],{"class":62},[20,145845,1031],{},[35,145847,145848],{"className":37,"code":69470,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145849,145850],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145851,145852],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145853,69470],{"class":452},[20,145855,11509],{},[126,145857,145858,145863,145869],{},[129,145859,145860,145862],{},[15,145861,3467],{}," contains three integers",[129,145864,145865,145868],{},[15,145866,145867],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[129,145870,145871,145872],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,145873,41034],{},[30,145875,36438,145877,8259],{"id":145876},"using-the-start-value",[15,145878,35897],{},[20,145880,145881],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[35,145883,145885],{"className":37,"code":145884,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145886,145887,145907,145925,145929],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145888,145889,145891,145893,145895,145897,145899,145901,145903,145905],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145890,3435],{"class":50},[44,145892,55],{"class":54},[44,145894,3440],{"class":62},[44,145896,2807],{"class":452},[44,145898,186],{"class":62},[44,145900,2812],{"class":452},[44,145902,186],{"class":62},[44,145904,2282],{"class":452},[44,145906,3453],{"class":62},[44,145908,145909,145911,145913,145915,145917,145919,145921,145923],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,145910,791],{"class":50},[44,145912,55],{"class":54},[44,145914,145672],{"class":58},[44,145916,63],{"class":62},[44,145918,3467],{"class":97},[44,145920,186],{"class":62},[44,145922,5834],{"class":452},[44,145924,76],{"class":62},[44,145926,145927],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,145928,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,145930,145931,145933,145935,145937],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,145932,82],{"class":58},[44,145934,63],{"class":62},[44,145936,41034],{"class":97},[44,145938,76],{"class":62},[20,145940,1031],{},[35,145942,145944],{"className":37,"code":145943,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"16\n",[15,145945,145946],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145947,145948],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145949,145943],{"class":452},[20,145951,145952],{},"This works like:",[126,145954,145955,145960,145965,145969],{},[129,145956,145957,145958],{},"Start at ",[15,145959,2161],{},[129,145961,145962,145963],{},"Add ",[15,145964,2807],{},[129,145966,145962,145967],{},[15,145968,1889],{},[129,145970,145962,145971],{},[15,145972,1894],{},[20,145974,145975],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[30,145977,113,145979,145981],{"id":145978},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,145980,145619],{}," can work with",[20,145983,145984,145986],{},[15,145985,145619],{}," works with numeric values.",[600,145988,40250],{"id":40249},[35,145990,145992],{"className":37,"code":145991,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,145993,145994,146018],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145995,145996,145998,146000,146002,146004,146006,146008,146010,146012,146014,146016],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145997,3644],{"class":50},[44,145999,55],{"class":54},[44,146001,3440],{"class":62},[44,146003,2807],{"class":452},[44,146005,186],{"class":62},[44,146007,2812],{"class":452},[44,146009,186],{"class":62},[44,146011,2282],{"class":452},[44,146013,186],{"class":62},[44,146015,2287],{"class":452},[44,146017,3453],{"class":62},[44,146019,146020,146022,146024,146026,146028,146030],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,146021,82],{"class":58},[44,146023,63],{"class":62},[44,146025,145742],{"class":58},[44,146027,63],{"class":62},[44,146029,5187],{"class":97},[44,146031,434],{"class":62},[20,146033,1031],{},[35,146035,146036],{"className":37,"code":2207,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146037,146038],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146039,146040],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146041,2207],{"class":452},[600,146043,146044],{"id":51672},"Floats",[35,146046,146048],{"className":37,"code":146047,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146049,146050,146072],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146051,146052,146054,146056,146058,146060,146062,146065,146067,146070],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146053,82678],{"class":50},[44,146055,55],{"class":54},[44,146057,3440],{"class":62},[44,146059,40982],{"class":452},[44,146061,186],{"class":62},[44,146063,146064],{"class":452}," 3.75",[44,146066,186],{"class":62},[44,146068,146069],{"class":452}," 1.25",[44,146071,3453],{"class":62},[44,146073,146074,146076,146078,146080,146082,146084],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,146075,82],{"class":58},[44,146077,63],{"class":62},[44,146079,145742],{"class":58},[44,146081,63],{"class":62},[44,146083,82714],{"class":97},[44,146085,434],{"class":62},[20,146087,1031],{},[35,146089,146091],{"className":37,"code":146090,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7.5\n",[15,146092,146093],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146094,146095],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146096,146090],{"class":452},[20,146098,146099,146100,504],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[491,146101,146102],{"href":2250},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[600,146104,146106,146107],{"id":146105},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146108,36023],{},[35,146110,146112],{"className":37,"code":146111,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146113,146114],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146115,146116,146118,146120,146122,146124,146126,146128,146130,146132,146134],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146117,82],{"class":58},[44,146119,63],{"class":62},[44,146121,145742],{"class":58},[44,146123,63],{"class":62},[44,146125,59627],{"class":58},[44,146127,63],{"class":62},[44,146129,2807],{"class":452},[44,146131,186],{"class":62},[44,146133,37469],{"class":452},[44,146135,2731],{"class":62},[20,146137,1031],{},[35,146139,146140],{"className":37,"code":46665,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146141,146142],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146143,146144],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146145,46665],{"class":452},[20,146147,113189,146148,504],{},[15,146149,146150],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[600,146152,146154],{"id":146153},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146156,146157,146158,146160,146161,1126,146163,146160,146165,504],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146159,3420],{}," acts like ",[15,146162,2807],{},[15,146164,3494],{},[15,146166,1951],{},[35,146168,146170],{"className":37,"code":146169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146171,146172,146196],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146173,146174,146176,146178,146180,146182,146184,146186,146188,146190,146192,146194],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146175,51592],{"class":50},[44,146177,55],{"class":54},[44,146179,3440],{"class":62},[44,146181,3420],{"class":3674},[44,146183,186],{"class":62},[44,146185,3730],{"class":3674},[44,146187,186],{"class":62},[44,146189,3739],{"class":3674},[44,146191,186],{"class":62},[44,146193,3739],{"class":3674},[44,146195,3453],{"class":62},[44,146197,146198,146200,146202,146204,146206,146208],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,146199,82],{"class":58},[44,146201,63],{"class":62},[44,146203,145742],{"class":58},[44,146205,63],{"class":62},[44,146207,51645],{"class":97},[44,146209,434],{"class":62},[20,146211,1031],{},[35,146213,146214],{"className":37,"code":46241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146215,146216],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146217,146218],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146219,46241],{"class":452},[20,146221,146222,146223,504],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146224,3420],{},[30,146226,113,146228,146230],{"id":146227},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146229,145619],{}," does not work with",[20,146232,146233,146235],{},[15,146234,145619],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[600,146237,146239],{"id":146238},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146241,2660],{},[35,146243,146245],{"className":37,"code":146244,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146246,146247,146271],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146248,146249,146251,146253,146255,146257,146259,146261,146263,146265,146267,146269],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146250,3894],{"class":50},[44,146252,55],{"class":54},[44,146254,3440],{"class":62},[44,146256,67],{"class":66},[44,146258,3667],{"class":70},[44,146260,67],{"class":66},[44,146262,186],{"class":62},[44,146264,1438],{"class":66},[44,146266,60220],{"class":70},[44,146268,67],{"class":66},[44,146270,3453],{"class":62},[44,146272,146273,146275,146277,146279,146281,146283],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,146274,82],{"class":58},[44,146276,63],{"class":62},[44,146278,145742],{"class":58},[44,146280,63],{"class":62},[44,146282,3938],{"class":97},[44,146284,434],{"class":62},[20,146286,146287],{},"Use string joining instead:",[35,146289,146291],{"className":37,"code":146290,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146292,146293,146317],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146294,146295,146297,146299,146301,146303,146305,146307,146309,146311,146313,146315],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146296,3894],{"class":50},[44,146298,55],{"class":54},[44,146300,3440],{"class":62},[44,146302,67],{"class":66},[44,146304,3667],{"class":70},[44,146306,67],{"class":66},[44,146308,186],{"class":62},[44,146310,1438],{"class":66},[44,146312,60220],{"class":70},[44,146314,67],{"class":66},[44,146316,3453],{"class":62},[44,146318,146319,146321,146323,146325,146327,146329,146331,146333],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,146320,82],{"class":58},[44,146322,63],{"class":62},[44,146324,6101],{"class":66},[44,146326,504],{"class":62},[44,146328,133144],{"class":97},[44,146330,63],{"class":62},[44,146332,3938],{"class":97},[44,146334,434],{"class":62},[20,146336,1031],{},[35,146338,146340],{"className":37,"code":146339,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"helloworld\n",[15,146341,146342],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146343,146344],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146345,146339],{"class":50},[20,146347,146348,146349,504],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[491,146350,146351,5612],{"href":41990},[15,146352,47308],{},[600,146354,146356],{"id":146355},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146358,146359],{},"This also causes an error:",[35,146361,146363],{"className":37,"code":146362,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146364,146365,146392],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146366,146367,146370,146372,146374,146376,146378,146380,146382,146384,146386,146388,146390],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146368,146369],{"class":50},"lists ",[44,146371,55],{"class":54},[44,146373,55921],{"class":62},[44,146375,2807],{"class":452},[44,146377,186],{"class":62},[44,146379,2812],{"class":452},[44,146381,17892],{"class":62},[44,146383,3440],{"class":62},[44,146385,1894],{"class":452},[44,146387,186],{"class":62},[44,146389,2287],{"class":452},[44,146391,52869],{"class":62},[44,146393,146394,146396,146398,146400,146402,146404],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,146395,82],{"class":58},[44,146397,63],{"class":62},[44,146399,145742],{"class":58},[44,146401,63],{"class":62},[44,146403,5128],{"class":97},[44,146405,434],{"class":62},[20,146407,146408,146410],{},[15,146409,145619],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[600,146412,146414],{"id":146413},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146416,5301],{},[35,146418,146420],{"className":37,"code":146419,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146421,146422,146446],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146423,146424,146426,146428,146430,146432,146434,146436,146438,146440,146442,146444],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146425,3644],{"class":50},[44,146427,55],{"class":54},[44,146429,3440],{"class":62},[44,146431,2807],{"class":452},[44,146433,186],{"class":62},[44,146435,2812],{"class":452},[44,146437,186],{"class":62},[44,146439,1438],{"class":66},[44,146441,1894],{"class":70},[44,146443,67],{"class":66},[44,146445,3453],{"class":62},[44,146447,146448,146450,146452,146454,146456,146458],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,146449,82],{"class":58},[44,146451,63],{"class":62},[44,146453,145742],{"class":58},[44,146455,63],{"class":62},[44,146457,5187],{"class":97},[44,146459,434],{"class":62},[20,146461,146462],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146464,146465,146466,146468,146469,504],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146467,65575],{},", convert them first. See ",[491,146470,2781],{"href":2780},[30,146472,41327],{"id":41326},[20,146474,146475,146476,504],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146477,145619],{},[600,146479,6354],{"id":6353},[20,146481,4351],{},[35,146483,146485],{"className":37,"code":146484,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146486,146487],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146488,146489,146491,146493,146495,146497,146499],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146490,82],{"class":58},[44,146492,63],{"class":62},[44,146494,145742],{"class":58},[44,146496,63],{"class":62},[44,146498,1129],{"class":452},[44,146500,434],{"class":62},[20,146502,146503],{},"Why it fails:",[126,146505,146506,146511],{},[129,146507,146508,146510],{},[15,146509,1129],{}," is a single integer",[129,146512,146513,146515],{},[15,146514,145619],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146517,6384],{},[35,146519,146521],{"className":37,"code":146520,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146522,146523],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146524,146525,146527,146529,146531,146533,146535],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146526,82],{"class":58},[44,146528,63],{"class":62},[44,146530,145742],{"class":58},[44,146532,2804],{"class":62},[44,146534,1129],{"class":452},[44,146536,2819],{"class":62},[20,146538,1031],{},[35,146540,146541],{"className":37,"code":2766,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146542,146543],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146544,146545],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146546,2766],{"class":452},[600,146548,146550],{"id":146549},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146552,4351],{},[35,146554,146556],{"className":37,"code":146555,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146557,146558,146590],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146559,146560,146562,146564,146566,146568,146570,146572,146574,146576,146578,146580,146582,146584,146586,146588],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146561,3644],{"class":50},[44,146563,55],{"class":54},[44,146565,3440],{"class":62},[44,146567,67],{"class":66},[44,146569,2807],{"class":70},[44,146571,67],{"class":66},[44,146573,186],{"class":62},[44,146575,1438],{"class":66},[44,146577,1889],{"class":70},[44,146579,67],{"class":66},[44,146581,186],{"class":62},[44,146583,1438],{"class":66},[44,146585,1894],{"class":70},[44,146587,67],{"class":66},[44,146589,3453],{"class":62},[44,146591,146592,146594,146596,146598,146600,146602],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,146593,82],{"class":58},[44,146595,63],{"class":62},[44,146597,145742],{"class":58},[44,146599,63],{"class":62},[44,146601,5187],{"class":97},[44,146603,434],{"class":62},[20,146605,146606],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[35,146608,146610],{"className":37,"code":146609,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146611,146612,146644,146672],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146613,146614,146616,146618,146620,146622,146624,146626,146628,146630,146632,146634,146636,146638,146640,146642],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146615,3644],{"class":50},[44,146617,55],{"class":54},[44,146619,3440],{"class":62},[44,146621,67],{"class":66},[44,146623,2807],{"class":70},[44,146625,67],{"class":66},[44,146627,186],{"class":62},[44,146629,1438],{"class":66},[44,146631,1889],{"class":70},[44,146633,67],{"class":66},[44,146635,186],{"class":62},[44,146637,1438],{"class":66},[44,146639,1894],{"class":70},[44,146641,67],{"class":66},[44,146643,3453],{"class":62},[44,146645,146646,146648,146650,146652,146654,146656,146658,146660,146662,146664,146666,146668,146670],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,146647,791],{"class":50},[44,146649,55],{"class":54},[44,146651,145672],{"class":58},[44,146653,63],{"class":62},[44,146655,588],{"class":426},[44,146657,63],{"class":62},[44,146659,2003],{"class":97},[44,146661,3480],{"class":62},[44,146663,3699],{"class":1384},[44,146665,3702],{"class":97},[44,146667,3705],{"class":1384},[44,146669,3708],{"class":97},[44,146671,76],{"class":62},[44,146673,146674,146676,146678,146680],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,146675,82],{"class":58},[44,146677,63],{"class":62},[44,146679,41034],{"class":97},[44,146681,76],{"class":62},[20,146683,1031],{},[35,146685,146686],{"className":37,"code":2480,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146687,146688],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146689,146690],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146691,2480],{"class":452},[20,146693,146694],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[600,146696,146698],{"id":146697},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146700,4351],{},[35,146702,146704],{"className":37,"code":146703,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146705,146706,146734],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146707,146708,146710,146712,146714,146716,146718,146720,146722,146724,146726,146728,146730,146732],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146709,3644],{"class":50},[44,146711,55],{"class":54},[44,146713,3440],{"class":62},[44,146715,2807],{"class":452},[44,146717,186],{"class":62},[44,146719,2812],{"class":452},[44,146721,186],{"class":62},[44,146723,1438],{"class":66},[44,146725,1894],{"class":70},[44,146727,67],{"class":66},[44,146729,186],{"class":62},[44,146731,2287],{"class":452},[44,146733,3453],{"class":62},[44,146735,146736,146738,146740,146742,146744,146746],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,146737,82],{"class":58},[44,146739,63],{"class":62},[44,146741,145742],{"class":58},[44,146743,63],{"class":62},[44,146745,5187],{"class":97},[44,146747,434],{"class":62},[20,146749,146750],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[35,146752,146754],{"className":37,"code":146753,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146755,146756,146784,146812],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146757,146758,146760,146762,146764,146766,146768,146770,146772,146774,146776,146778,146780,146782],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146759,3644],{"class":50},[44,146761,55],{"class":54},[44,146763,3440],{"class":62},[44,146765,2807],{"class":452},[44,146767,186],{"class":62},[44,146769,2812],{"class":452},[44,146771,186],{"class":62},[44,146773,1438],{"class":66},[44,146775,1894],{"class":70},[44,146777,67],{"class":66},[44,146779,186],{"class":62},[44,146781,2287],{"class":452},[44,146783,3453],{"class":62},[44,146785,146786,146788,146790,146792,146794,146796,146798,146800,146802,146804,146806,146808,146810],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,146787,791],{"class":50},[44,146789,55],{"class":54},[44,146791,145672],{"class":58},[44,146793,63],{"class":62},[44,146795,588],{"class":426},[44,146797,63],{"class":62},[44,146799,2003],{"class":97},[44,146801,3480],{"class":62},[44,146803,3699],{"class":1384},[44,146805,3702],{"class":97},[44,146807,3705],{"class":1384},[44,146809,3708],{"class":97},[44,146811,76],{"class":62},[44,146813,146814,146816,146818,146820],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,146815,82],{"class":58},[44,146817,63],{"class":62},[44,146819,41034],{"class":97},[44,146821,76],{"class":62},[20,146823,1031],{},[35,146825,146826],{"className":37,"code":2207,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146827,146828],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146829,146830],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146831,2207],{"class":452},[600,146833,8243,146835,146837],{"id":146834},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,146836,145619],{}," to join text",[20,146839,4351],{},[35,146841,146843],{"className":37,"code":146842,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,146844,146845,146901],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146846,146847,146849,146851,146853,146855,146857,146859,146861,146863,146865,146867,146869,146871,146873,146875,146877,146879,146881,146883,146885,146887,146889,146891,146893,146895,146897,146899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146848,35915],{"class":50},[44,146850,55],{"class":54},[44,146852,3440],{"class":62},[44,146854,67],{"class":66},[44,146856,133743],{"class":70},[44,146858,67],{"class":66},[44,146860,186],{"class":62},[44,146862,1438],{"class":66},[44,146864,11570],{"class":70},[44,146866,67],{"class":66},[44,146868,186],{"class":62},[44,146870,1438],{"class":66},[44,146872,62916],{"class":70},[44,146874,67],{"class":66},[44,146876,186],{"class":62},[44,146878,1438],{"class":66},[44,146880,60067],{"class":70},[44,146882,67],{"class":66},[44,146884,186],{"class":62},[44,146886,1438],{"class":66},[44,146888,60102],{"class":70},[44,146890,67],{"class":66},[44,146892,186],{"class":62},[44,146894,1438],{"class":66},[44,146896,75660],{"class":70},[44,146898,67],{"class":66},[44,146900,3453],{"class":62},[44,146902,146903,146905,146907,146909,146911,146913],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,146904,82],{"class":58},[44,146906,63],{"class":62},[44,146908,145742],{"class":58},[44,146910,63],{"class":62},[44,146912,35968],{"class":97},[44,146914,434],{"class":62},[20,146916,103,146917,60161],{},[15,146918,133067],{},[35,146920,146922],{"className":37,"code":146921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,146923,146924,146980],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146925,146926,146928,146930,146932,146934,146936,146938,146940,146942,146944,146946,146948,146950,146952,146954,146956,146958,146960,146962,146964,146966,146968,146970,146972,146974,146976,146978],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146927,35915],{"class":50},[44,146929,55],{"class":54},[44,146931,3440],{"class":62},[44,146933,67],{"class":66},[44,146935,133743],{"class":70},[44,146937,67],{"class":66},[44,146939,186],{"class":62},[44,146941,1438],{"class":66},[44,146943,11570],{"class":70},[44,146945,67],{"class":66},[44,146947,186],{"class":62},[44,146949,1438],{"class":66},[44,146951,62916],{"class":70},[44,146953,67],{"class":66},[44,146955,186],{"class":62},[44,146957,1438],{"class":66},[44,146959,60067],{"class":70},[44,146961,67],{"class":66},[44,146963,186],{"class":62},[44,146965,1438],{"class":66},[44,146967,60102],{"class":70},[44,146969,67],{"class":66},[44,146971,186],{"class":62},[44,146973,1438],{"class":66},[44,146975,75660],{"class":70},[44,146977,67],{"class":66},[44,146979,3453],{"class":62},[44,146981,146982,146984,146986,146988,146990,146992,146994,146996],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,146983,82],{"class":58},[44,146985,63],{"class":62},[44,146987,6101],{"class":66},[44,146989,504],{"class":62},[44,146991,133144],{"class":97},[44,146993,63],{"class":62},[44,146995,35968],{"class":97},[44,146997,434],{"class":62},[20,146999,1031],{},[35,147001,147002],{"className":37,"code":133824,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,147003,147004],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147005,147006],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147007,133824],{"class":50},[20,147009,147010,147011,504],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[491,147012,147013],{"href":134905},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[30,147015,147017,147019],{"id":147016},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147018,145619],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147021,147022,147024],{},[15,147023,145619],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[600,147026,8243,147028],{"id":147027},"using-sum",[15,147029,145619],{},[35,147031,147033],{"className":37,"code":147032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147034,147035,147055,147069],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147036,147037,147039,147041,147043,147045,147047,147049,147051,147053],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147038,3435],{"class":50},[44,147040,55],{"class":54},[44,147042,3440],{"class":62},[44,147044,1125],{"class":452},[44,147046,186],{"class":62},[44,147048,5823],{"class":452},[44,147050,186],{"class":62},[44,147052,53763],{"class":452},[44,147054,3453],{"class":62},[44,147056,147057,147059,147061,147063,147065,147067],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,147058,791],{"class":50},[44,147060,55],{"class":54},[44,147062,145672],{"class":58},[44,147064,63],{"class":62},[44,147066,3467],{"class":97},[44,147068,76],{"class":62},[44,147070,147071,147073,147075,147077],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,147072,82],{"class":58},[44,147074,63],{"class":62},[44,147076,41034],{"class":97},[44,147078,76],{"class":62},[600,147080,147082],{"id":147081},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[35,147084,147086],{"className":37,"code":147085,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147087,147088,147108,147116,147120,147132,147140,147144],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147089,147090,147092,147094,147096,147098,147100,147102,147104,147106],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147091,3435],{"class":50},[44,147093,55],{"class":54},[44,147095,3440],{"class":62},[44,147097,1125],{"class":452},[44,147099,186],{"class":62},[44,147101,5823],{"class":452},[44,147103,186],{"class":62},[44,147105,53763],{"class":452},[44,147107,3453],{"class":62},[44,147109,147110,147112,147114],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,147111,791],{"class":50},[44,147113,55],{"class":54},[44,147115,38339],{"class":452},[44,147117,147118],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,147119,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,147121,147122,147124,147126,147128,147130],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,147123,5787],{"class":1384},[44,147125,6216],{"class":50},[44,147127,3705],{"class":1384},[44,147129,4088],{"class":50},[44,147131,1388],{"class":62},[44,147133,147134,147136,147138],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,147135,89737],{"class":50},[44,147137,89740],{"class":54},[44,147139,89743],{"class":50},[44,147141,147142],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,147143,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,147145,147146,147148,147150,147152],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,147147,82],{"class":58},[44,147149,63],{"class":62},[44,147151,41034],{"class":97},[44,147153,76],{"class":62},[20,147155,147156],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147158,2318,147159,147161],{},[15,147160,145619],{}," is often better:",[126,147163,147164,147167,147170],{},[129,147165,147166],{},"Shorter code",[129,147168,147169],{},"Easier to read",[129,147171,147172],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147174,147175],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[126,147177,147178,147181,147184],{},[129,147179,147180],{},"You need to skip some values",[129,147182,147183],{},"You need extra checks",[129,147185,147186],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147188,147189,147190,147193,147194,147196],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[491,147191,147192],{"href":39833},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147195,145619],{}," on the filtered result.",[30,147198,1486],{"id":1485},[20,147200,147201,147202,449],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147203,145619],{},[126,147205,147206,147212,147219,147226],{},[129,147207,147208,147209],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147210,147211],{},"sum(5)",[129,147213,147214,147215,147218],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147216,147217],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[129,147220,8243,147221,147223,147224],{},[15,147222,145619],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147225,133067],{},[129,147227,147228],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147230,8700,147231,147233],{},[15,147232,145619],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[35,147235,147237],{"className":37,"code":147236,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147238,147239,147249,147263,147287],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147240,147241,147243,147245,147247],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147242,82],{"class":58},[44,147244,63],{"class":62},[44,147246,5187],{"class":97},[44,147248,76],{"class":62},[44,147250,147251,147253,147255,147257,147259,147261],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,147252,82],{"class":58},[44,147254,63],{"class":62},[44,147256,427],{"class":426},[44,147258,63],{"class":62},[44,147260,5187],{"class":97},[44,147262,434],{"class":62},[44,147264,147265,147267,147269,147271,147273,147275,147277,147279,147281,147283,147285],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,147266,82],{"class":58},[44,147268,2804],{"class":62},[44,147270,427],{"class":426},[44,147272,63],{"class":62},[44,147274,2003],{"class":97},[44,147276,3480],{"class":62},[44,147278,3699],{"class":1384},[44,147280,3702],{"class":97},[44,147282,3705],{"class":1384},[44,147284,3708],{"class":97},[44,147286,3711],{"class":62},[44,147288,147289,147291,147293,147295,147297,147299,147301,147303,147305,147307,147309,147311,147313],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,147290,82],{"class":58},[44,147292,63],{"class":62},[44,147294,145742],{"class":58},[44,147296,2804],{"class":62},[44,147298,588],{"class":426},[44,147300,63],{"class":62},[44,147302,2003],{"class":97},[44,147304,3480],{"class":62},[44,147306,3699],{"class":1384},[44,147308,3702],{"class":97},[44,147310,3705],{"class":1384},[44,147312,3708],{"class":97},[44,147314,2819],{"class":62},[20,147316,135638],{},[126,147318,147319,147325,147331,147336],{},[129,147320,147321,147324],{},[15,147322,147323],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[129,147326,147327,147330],{},[15,147328,147329],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[129,147332,147333,135660],{},[15,147334,147335],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[129,147337,147338,147341],{},[15,147339,147340],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[30,147343,1651],{"id":1650},[600,147345,4970,147347,4973],{"id":147346},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147348,145619],{},[20,147350,147351],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[600,147353,4997,147355,147357],{"id":147354},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147356,145619],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147359,30097,147360,497,147363,147366],{},[15,147361,147362],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147364,147365],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[600,147368,4997,147370,147372],{"id":147369},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147371,145619],{}," work with floats?",[20,147374,147375],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[600,147377,147379,147380,213],{"id":147378},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147381,145619],{},[20,147383,147384,147385,147387],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147386,35897],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[600,147389,1683,147391,119023,147393,213],{"id":147390},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147392,145619],{},[15,147394,2825],{},[20,147396,147397],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[30,147399,1719],{"id":1718},[126,147401,147402,147406,147412,147418,147424,147428,147432],{},[129,147403,147404],{},[491,147405,146102],{"href":2250},[129,147407,147408],{},[491,147409,13,147410,1738],{"href":36020},[15,147411,36023],{},[129,147413,147414],{},[491,147415,13,147416,1738],{"href":42172},[15,147417,42175],{},[129,147419,147420],{},[491,147421,13,147422,1738],{"href":41990},[15,147423,47308],{},[129,147425,147426],{},[491,147427,5049],{"href":39833},[129,147429,147430],{},[491,147431,3343],{"href":2780},[129,147433,147434],{},[491,147435,147013],{"href":134905},[1758,147437,147438],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":147440},[147441,147442,147444,147445,147446,147448,147456,147462,147469,147475,147476,147488],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":145698,"depth":79,"text":147443},"What sum() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":11299,"depth":79,"text":11300},{"id":145876,"depth":79,"text":147447},"Using the start value",{"id":145978,"depth":79,"text":147449,"children":147450},"What sum() can work with",[147451,147452,147453,147455],{"id":40249,"depth":419,"text":40250},{"id":51672,"depth":419,"text":146044},{"id":146105,"depth":419,"text":147454},"Values from range()",{"id":146153,"depth":419,"text":146154},{"id":146227,"depth":79,"text":147457,"children":147458},"What sum() does not work with",[147459,147460,147461],{"id":146238,"depth":419,"text":146239},{"id":146355,"depth":419,"text":146356},{"id":146413,"depth":419,"text":146414},{"id":41326,"depth":79,"text":41327,"children":147463},[147464,147465,147466,147467],{"id":6353,"depth":419,"text":6354},{"id":146549,"depth":419,"text":146550},{"id":146697,"depth":419,"text":146698},{"id":146834,"depth":419,"text":147468},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147016,"depth":79,"text":147470,"children":147471},"sum() vs manual loop",[147472,147474],{"id":147027,"depth":419,"text":147473},"Using sum()",{"id":147081,"depth":419,"text":147082},{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":147477},[147478,147480,147482,147484,147486],{"id":147346,"depth":419,"text":147479},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147354,"depth":419,"text":147481},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147369,"depth":419,"text":147483},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147378,"depth":419,"text":147485},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147390,"depth":419,"text":147487},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145611,"description":147489},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147496,"title":147497,"body":147498,"description":148900,"extension":1796,"meta":148901,"navigation":807,"path":148902,"seo":148903,"stem":148904,"__hash__":148905},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147499,"toc":148868},[147500,147506,147512,147515,147578,147584,147589,147593,147610,147624,147628,147648,147662,147664,147757,147759,147773,147775,147778,147867,147869,147877,147886,147888,147892,147913,147915,148007,148009,148030,148032,148036,148050,148052,148126,148128,148147,148151,148154,148177,148179,148290,148297,148305,148307,148313,148316,148359,148362,148385,148393,148397,148472,148478,148503,148510,148513,148516,148520,148525,148613,148621,148625,148628,148653,148657,148718,148722,148771,148781,148783,148788,148791,148797,148800,148804,148808,148814,148817,148825,148833,148835,148865],[10,147501,147503,147504,11147],{"id":147502},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147505,56918],{},[20,147507,147508,147511],{},[15,147509,147510],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147513,147514],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[35,147516,147518],{"className":37,"code":147517,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147519,147520,147548,147566],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147521,147522,147524,147526,147528,147530,147532,147534,147536,147538,147540,147542,147544,147546],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147523,3435],{"class":50},[44,147525,55],{"class":54},[44,147527,9058],{"class":62},[44,147529,2807],{"class":452},[44,147531,186],{"class":62},[44,147533,2812],{"class":452},[44,147535,186],{"class":62},[44,147537,2812],{"class":452},[44,147539,186],{"class":62},[44,147541,2282],{"class":452},[44,147543,186],{"class":62},[44,147545,2812],{"class":452},[44,147547,76],{"class":62},[44,147549,147550,147552,147554,147556,147558,147560,147562,147564],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,147551,2059],{"class":50},[44,147553,55],{"class":54},[44,147555,4088],{"class":50},[44,147557,504],{"class":62},[44,147559,41082],{"class":97},[44,147561,63],{"class":62},[44,147563,1889],{"class":452},[44,147565,76],{"class":62},[44,147567,147568,147570,147572,147574,147576],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,147569,82],{"class":58},[44,147571,63],{"class":62},[44,147573,2094],{"class":97},[44,147575,3480],{"class":62},[44,147577,50396],{"class":3483},[20,147579,103,147580,147583],{},[15,147581,147582],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[30,147585,113,147587,116],{"id":147586},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147588,147510],{},[20,147590,147591,449],{},[15,147592,147582],{},[126,147594,147595,147601,147604,147607],{},[129,147596,147597,147598,147600],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147599,354],{}," appears in the tuple",[129,147602,147603],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[129,147605,147606],{},"Returns an integer",[129,147608,147609],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147611,147612,147613,147615,147616,497,147620,504],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147614,56918],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[491,147617,147619],{"href":147618},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[491,147621,147623],{"href":147622},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[30,147625,147627],{"id":147626},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[35,147629,147631],{"className":37,"code":147630,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147632,147633],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147634,147635,147638,147640,147642,147644,147646],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147636,147637],{"class":50},"my_tuple",[44,147639,504],{"class":62},[44,147641,41082],{"class":97},[44,147643,63],{"class":62},[44,147645,354],{"class":97},[44,147647,76],{"class":62},[126,147649,147650,147654,147657],{},[129,147651,147652,57083],{},[15,147653,354],{},[129,147655,147656],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[129,147658,147659,147660],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147661,1951],{},[600,147663,102738],{"id":102737},[35,147665,147667],{"className":37,"code":147666,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147668,147669,147709,147733],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147670,147671,147673,147675,147677,147679,147681,147683,147685,147687,147689,147691,147693,147695,147697,147699,147701,147703,147705,147707],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147672,12901],{"class":50},[44,147674,55],{"class":54},[44,147676,9058],{"class":62},[44,147678,67],{"class":66},[44,147680,12918],{"class":70},[44,147682,67],{"class":66},[44,147684,186],{"class":62},[44,147686,1438],{"class":66},[44,147688,12935],{"class":70},[44,147690,67],{"class":66},[44,147692,186],{"class":62},[44,147694,1438],{"class":66},[44,147696,12918],{"class":70},[44,147698,67],{"class":66},[44,147700,186],{"class":62},[44,147702,1438],{"class":66},[44,147704,17285],{"class":70},[44,147706,67],{"class":66},[44,147708,76],{"class":62},[44,147710,147711,147713,147715,147717,147719,147721,147723,147725,147727,147729,147731],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,147712,82],{"class":58},[44,147714,63],{"class":62},[44,147716,17332],{"class":97},[44,147718,504],{"class":62},[44,147720,41082],{"class":97},[44,147722,63],{"class":62},[44,147724,67],{"class":66},[44,147726,12918],{"class":70},[44,147728,67],{"class":66},[44,147730,5190],{"class":62},[44,147732,57273],{"class":3483},[44,147734,147735,147737,147739,147741,147743,147745,147747,147749,147751,147753,147755],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,147736,82],{"class":58},[44,147738,63],{"class":62},[44,147740,17332],{"class":97},[44,147742,504],{"class":62},[44,147744,41082],{"class":97},[44,147746,63],{"class":62},[44,147748,67],{"class":66},[44,147750,22352],{"class":70},[44,147752,67],{"class":66},[44,147754,5190],{"class":62},[44,147756,50873],{"class":3483},[20,147758,228],{},[126,147760,147761,147766],{},[129,147762,147763,147765],{},[15,147764,65022],{}," appears 2 times",[129,147767,147768,147770,147771],{},[15,147769,109434],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,147772,1951],{},[30,147774,11300],{"id":11299},[20,147776,147777],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[35,147779,147781],{"className":37,"code":147780,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,147782,147783,147831,147835,147857],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147784,147785,147787,147789,147791,147793,147795,147797,147799,147801,147803,147805,147807,147809,147811,147813,147815,147817,147819,147821,147823,147825,147827,147829],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147786,36064],{"class":50},[44,147788,55],{"class":54},[44,147790,9058],{"class":62},[44,147792,67],{"class":66},[44,147794,3903],{"class":70},[44,147796,67],{"class":66},[44,147798,186],{"class":62},[44,147800,1438],{"class":66},[44,147802,3912],{"class":70},[44,147804,67],{"class":66},[44,147806,186],{"class":62},[44,147808,1438],{"class":66},[44,147810,3903],{"class":70},[44,147812,67],{"class":66},[44,147814,186],{"class":62},[44,147816,1438],{"class":66},[44,147818,33046],{"class":70},[44,147820,67],{"class":66},[44,147822,186],{"class":62},[44,147824,1438],{"class":66},[44,147826,3903],{"class":70},[44,147828,67],{"class":66},[44,147830,76],{"class":62},[44,147832,147833],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,147834,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,147836,147837,147839,147841,147843,147845,147847,147849,147851,147853,147855],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,147838,2059],{"class":50},[44,147840,55],{"class":54},[44,147842,52478],{"class":50},[44,147844,504],{"class":62},[44,147846,41082],{"class":97},[44,147848,63],{"class":62},[44,147850,67],{"class":66},[44,147852,3903],{"class":70},[44,147854,67],{"class":66},[44,147856,76],{"class":62},[44,147858,147859,147861,147863,147865],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,147860,82],{"class":58},[44,147862,63],{"class":62},[44,147864,2094],{"class":97},[44,147866,76],{"class":62},[20,147868,1031],{},[35,147870,147871],{"className":37,"code":46241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,147872,147873],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147874,147875],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147876,46241],{"class":452},[20,147878,147879,147881,147882,2228,147884,504],{},[15,147880,57461],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,147883,56918],{},[15,147885,1894],{},[30,147887,37846],{"id":37845},[20,147889,57172,147890,128373],{},[15,147891,56918],{},[126,147893,147894,147899,147904,147907],{},[129,147895,11249,147896,147898],{},[15,147897,1951],{}," when the value does not exist",[129,147900,11249,147901,147903],{},[15,147902,2807],{}," when the value appears once",[129,147905,147906],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[129,147908,147909,147910,147912],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,147911,6828],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,147914,145],{},[35,147916,147918],{"className":37,"code":147917,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,147919,147920,147961,147965,147992],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147921,147922,147925,147927,147929,147931,147933,147935,147937,147939,147941,147943,147945,147947,147949,147951,147953,147955,147957,147959],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147923,147924],{"class":50},"answers ",[44,147926,55],{"class":54},[44,147928,9058],{"class":62},[44,147930,67],{"class":66},[44,147932,8482],{"class":70},[44,147934,67],{"class":66},[44,147936,186],{"class":62},[44,147938,1438],{"class":66},[44,147940,8424],{"class":70},[44,147942,67],{"class":66},[44,147944,186],{"class":62},[44,147946,1438],{"class":66},[44,147948,8482],{"class":70},[44,147950,67],{"class":66},[44,147952,186],{"class":62},[44,147954,1438],{"class":66},[44,147956,8482],{"class":70},[44,147958,67],{"class":66},[44,147960,76],{"class":62},[44,147962,147963],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,147964,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,147966,147967,147969,147972,147974,147976,147978,147980,147982,147984,147986,147988,147990],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,147968,6828],{"class":1384},[44,147970,147971],{"class":50}," answers",[44,147973,504],{"class":62},[44,147975,41082],{"class":97},[44,147977,63],{"class":62},[44,147979,67],{"class":66},[44,147981,8482],{"class":70},[44,147983,67],{"class":66},[44,147985,3480],{"class":62},[44,147987,38222],{"class":54},[44,147989,711],{"class":452},[44,147991,1388],{"class":62},[44,147993,147994,147996,147998,148000,148003,148005],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,147995,1416],{"class":58},[44,147997,63],{"class":62},[44,147999,67],{"class":66},[44,148001,148002],{"class":70},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[44,148004,67],{"class":66},[44,148006,76],{"class":62},[20,148008,1031],{},[35,148010,148012],{"className":37,"code":148011,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148013,148014],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148015,148016,148019,148021,148023,148025,148028],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148017,148018],{"class":50},"The answer ",[44,148020,476],{"class":66},[44,148022,8482],{"class":70},[44,148024,476],{"class":66},[44,148026,148027],{"class":50}," appears more than once",[44,148029,122017],{"class":62},[30,148031,40870],{"id":40869},[20,148033,35232,148034,104201],{},[15,148035,147510],{},[126,148037,148038,148041,148044,148047],{},[129,148039,148040],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[129,148042,148043],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[129,148045,148046],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[129,148048,148049],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148051,145],{},[35,148053,148055],{"className":37,"code":148054,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148056,148057,148085,148089,148111],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148058,148059,148061,148063,148065,148067,148069,148071,148073,148075,148077,148079,148081,148083],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148060,4891],{"class":50},[44,148062,55],{"class":54},[44,148064,9058],{"class":62},[44,148066,2161],{"class":452},[44,148068,186],{"class":62},[44,148070,7620],{"class":452},[44,148072,186],{"class":62},[44,148074,5834],{"class":452},[44,148076,186],{"class":62},[44,148078,7625],{"class":452},[44,148080,186],{"class":62},[44,148082,5834],{"class":452},[44,148084,76],{"class":62},[44,148086,148087],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,148088,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,148090,148091,148093,148095,148097,148099,148101,148103,148105,148107,148109],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,148092,6828],{"class":1384},[44,148094,4938],{"class":50},[44,148096,504],{"class":62},[44,148098,41082],{"class":97},[44,148100,63],{"class":62},[44,148102,2161],{"class":452},[44,148104,3480],{"class":62},[44,148106,50914],{"class":54},[44,148108,2812],{"class":452},[44,148110,1388],{"class":62},[44,148112,148113,148115,148117,148119,148122,148124],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,148114,1416],{"class":58},[44,148116,63],{"class":62},[44,148118,67],{"class":66},[44,148120,148121],{"class":70},"The score 10 is repeated.",[44,148123,67],{"class":66},[44,148125,76],{"class":62},[20,148127,1031],{},[35,148129,148131],{"className":37,"code":148130,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148132,148133],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148134,148135,148138,148140,148142,148145],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148136,148137],{"class":50},"The score ",[44,148139,2161],{"class":452},[44,148141,7924],{"class":54},[44,148143,148144],{"class":50}," repeated",[44,148146,122017],{"class":62},[30,148148,148150],{"id":148149},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148152,148153],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[126,148155,148156,148162,148167,148170],{},[129,148157,148158,148159,148161],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148160,56918],{}," still works because it only reads data",[129,148163,148164,148166],{},[15,148165,56918],{}," counts exact matches",[129,148168,148169],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[129,148171,148172,1126,148174,148176],{},[15,148173,2807],{},[15,148175,41973],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148178,145],{},[35,148180,148182],{"className":37,"code":148181,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148183,148184,148218,148222,148242,148266],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148185,148186,148188,148190,148192,148194,148196,148199,148201,148203,148206,148208,148210,148212,148214,148216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148187,3644],{"class":50},[44,148189,55],{"class":54},[44,148191,9058],{"class":62},[44,148193,2807],{"class":452},[44,148195,186],{"class":62},[44,148197,148198],{"class":452}," 1.0",[44,148200,186],{"class":62},[44,148202,1438],{"class":66},[44,148204,148205],{"class":70},"Cat",[44,148207,67],{"class":66},[44,148209,186],{"class":62},[44,148211,1438],{"class":66},[44,148213,36873],{"class":70},[44,148215,67],{"class":66},[44,148217,76],{"class":62},[44,148219,148220],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,148221,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,148223,148224,148226,148228,148230,148232,148234,148236,148238,148240],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,148225,82],{"class":58},[44,148227,63],{"class":62},[44,148229,5187],{"class":97},[44,148231,504],{"class":62},[44,148233,41082],{"class":97},[44,148235,63],{"class":62},[44,148237,2807],{"class":452},[44,148239,5190],{"class":62},[44,148241,50720],{"class":3483},[44,148243,148244,148246,148248,148250,148252,148254,148256,148258,148260,148262,148264],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,148245,82],{"class":58},[44,148247,63],{"class":62},[44,148249,5187],{"class":97},[44,148251,504],{"class":62},[44,148253,41082],{"class":97},[44,148255,63],{"class":62},[44,148257,67],{"class":66},[44,148259,148205],{"class":70},[44,148261,67],{"class":66},[44,148263,5190],{"class":62},[44,148265,27610],{"class":3483},[44,148267,148268,148270,148272,148274,148276,148278,148280,148282,148284,148286,148288],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,148269,82],{"class":58},[44,148271,63],{"class":62},[44,148273,5187],{"class":97},[44,148275,504],{"class":62},[44,148277,41082],{"class":97},[44,148279,63],{"class":62},[44,148281,67],{"class":66},[44,148283,36873],{"class":70},[44,148285,67],{"class":66},[44,148287,5190],{"class":62},[44,148289,27610],{"class":3483},[20,148291,1683,148292,4988,148295,213],{},[15,148293,148294],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148296,1889],{},[20,148298,8610,148299,4610,148302,148304],{},[15,148300,148301],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148303,3420],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[30,148306,1486],{"id":1485},[600,148308,8243,148310,148312],{"id":148309},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148311,41082],{}," without parentheses",[20,148314,148315],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[35,148317,148319],{"className":37,"code":148318,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148320,148321,148345],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148322,148323,148325,148327,148329,148331,148333,148335,148337,148339,148341,148343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148324,3435],{"class":50},[44,148326,55],{"class":54},[44,148328,9058],{"class":62},[44,148330,2807],{"class":452},[44,148332,186],{"class":62},[44,148334,2812],{"class":452},[44,148336,186],{"class":62},[44,148338,2812],{"class":452},[44,148340,186],{"class":62},[44,148342,2282],{"class":452},[44,148344,76],{"class":62},[44,148346,148347,148349,148351,148353,148355,148357],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,148348,82],{"class":58},[44,148350,63],{"class":62},[44,148352,3467],{"class":97},[44,148354,504],{"class":62},[44,148356,41082],{"class":24579},[44,148358,76],{"class":62},[20,148360,148361],{},"To call the method correctly:",[35,148363,148365],{"className":37,"code":148364,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148366,148367],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148368,148369,148371,148373,148375,148377,148379,148381,148383],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148370,82],{"class":58},[44,148372,63],{"class":62},[44,148374,3467],{"class":97},[44,148376,504],{"class":62},[44,148378,41082],{"class":97},[44,148380,63],{"class":62},[44,148382,1889],{"class":452},[44,148384,434],{"class":62},[600,148386,8279,148387,8282,148389,497,148391],{"id":58221},[15,148388,56918],{},[15,148390,3420],{},[15,148392,3494],{},[20,148394,148395,58232],{},[15,148396,56918],{},[35,148398,148400],{"className":37,"code":148399,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148401,148402,148434,148456,148460],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148403,148404,148406,148408,148410,148412,148414,148416,148418,148420,148422,148424,148426,148428,148430,148432],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148405,35915],{"class":50},[44,148407,55],{"class":54},[44,148409,9058],{"class":62},[44,148411,67],{"class":66},[44,148413,491],{"class":70},[44,148415,67],{"class":66},[44,148417,186],{"class":62},[44,148419,1438],{"class":66},[44,148421,4587],{"class":70},[44,148423,67],{"class":66},[44,148425,186],{"class":62},[44,148427,1438],{"class":66},[44,148429,491],{"class":70},[44,148431,67],{"class":66},[44,148433,76],{"class":62},[44,148435,148436,148438,148440,148442,148444,148446,148448,148450,148452,148454],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,148437,2059],{"class":50},[44,148439,55],{"class":54},[44,148441,69726],{"class":50},[44,148443,504],{"class":62},[44,148445,41082],{"class":97},[44,148447,63],{"class":62},[44,148449,67],{"class":66},[44,148451,491],{"class":70},[44,148453,67],{"class":66},[44,148455,76],{"class":62},[44,148457,148458],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,148459,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,148461,148462,148464,148466,148468,148470],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,148463,82],{"class":58},[44,148465,63],{"class":62},[44,148467,2094],{"class":97},[44,148469,3480],{"class":62},[44,148471,51041],{"class":3483},[20,148473,148474,148475,148477],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148476,3705],{}," is often simpler:",[35,148479,148481],{"className":37,"code":148480,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148482,148483],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148484,148485,148487,148489,148491,148493,148495,148497,148499,148501],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148486,82],{"class":58},[44,148488,63],{"class":62},[44,148490,67],{"class":66},[44,148492,491],{"class":70},[44,148494,67],{"class":66},[44,148496,21002],{"class":1384},[44,148498,69726],{"class":97},[44,148500,3480],{"class":62},[44,148502,3484],{"class":3483},[600,148504,37030,148506,8529,148508],{"id":148505},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148507,147510],{},[15,148509,56923],{},[20,148511,148512],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148514,148515],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[600,148517,148519],{"id":148518},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148521,148522,148524],{},[15,148523,56918],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[35,148526,148528],{"className":37,"code":148527,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148529,148530,148563,148589],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148531,148532,148534,148536,148538,148540,148542,148544,148546,148548,148551,148553,148555,148557,148559,148561],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148533,3894],{"class":50},[44,148535,55],{"class":54},[44,148537,9058],{"class":62},[44,148539,67],{"class":66},[44,148541,3903],{"class":70},[44,148543,67],{"class":66},[44,148545,186],{"class":62},[44,148547,1438],{"class":66},[44,148549,148550],{"class":70},"pineapple",[44,148552,67],{"class":66},[44,148554,186],{"class":62},[44,148556,1438],{"class":66},[44,148558,3903],{"class":70},[44,148560,67],{"class":66},[44,148562,76],{"class":62},[44,148564,148565,148567,148569,148571,148573,148575,148577,148579,148582,148584,148586],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,148566,82],{"class":58},[44,148568,63],{"class":62},[44,148570,3938],{"class":97},[44,148572,504],{"class":62},[44,148574,41082],{"class":97},[44,148576,63],{"class":62},[44,148578,67],{"class":66},[44,148580,148581],{"class":70},"app",[44,148583,67],{"class":66},[44,148585,5190],{"class":62},[44,148587,148588],{"class":3483},"    # 0\n",[44,148590,148591,148593,148595,148597,148599,148601,148603,148605,148607,148609,148611],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,148592,82],{"class":58},[44,148594,63],{"class":62},[44,148596,3938],{"class":97},[44,148598,504],{"class":62},[44,148600,41082],{"class":97},[44,148602,63],{"class":62},[44,148604,67],{"class":66},[44,148606,3903],{"class":70},[44,148608,67],{"class":66},[44,148610,5190],{"class":62},[44,148612,51041],{"class":3483},[20,148614,148615,148618,148619,504],{},[15,148616,148617],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148620,1951],{},[30,148622,148624],{"id":148623},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148626,148627],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[126,148629,148630,148635,148644,148650],{},[129,148631,103,148632,148634],{},[15,148633,3705],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[129,148636,103,148637,148643],{},[491,148638,148640,148641],{"href":148639},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148642,58596],{}," to find the position of a value",[129,148645,103,148646,148649],{},[15,148647,148648],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[129,148651,148652],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148654,1319,148655,449],{},[15,148656,3705],{},[35,148658,148660],{"className":37,"code":148659,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148661,148662,148682,148686,148702],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148663,148664,148666,148668,148670,148672,148674,148676,148678,148680],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148665,3435],{"class":50},[44,148667,55],{"class":54},[44,148669,9058],{"class":62},[44,148671,1125],{"class":452},[44,148673,186],{"class":62},[44,148675,5823],{"class":452},[44,148677,186],{"class":62},[44,148679,53763],{"class":452},[44,148681,76],{"class":62},[44,148683,148684],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,148685,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,148687,148688,148690,148692,148694,148696,148698,148700],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,148689,82],{"class":58},[44,148691,63],{"class":62},[44,148693,1857],{"class":452},[44,148695,21002],{"class":1384},[44,148697,4088],{"class":97},[44,148699,3480],{"class":62},[44,148701,43669],{"class":3483},[44,148703,148704,148706,148708,148710,148712,148714,148716],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,148705,82],{"class":58},[44,148707,63],{"class":62},[44,148709,1129],{"class":452},[44,148711,21002],{"class":1384},[44,148713,4088],{"class":97},[44,148715,3480],{"class":62},[44,148717,43686],{"class":3483},[20,148719,1319,148720,449],{},[15,148721,58596],{},[35,148723,148725],{"className":37,"code":148724,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,148726,148727,148751],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148728,148729,148731,148733,148735,148737,148739,148741,148743,148745,148747,148749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148730,3435],{"class":50},[44,148732,55],{"class":54},[44,148734,9058],{"class":62},[44,148736,1125],{"class":452},[44,148738,186],{"class":62},[44,148740,5823],{"class":452},[44,148742,186],{"class":62},[44,148744,53763],{"class":452},[44,148746,186],{"class":62},[44,148748,5823],{"class":452},[44,148750,76],{"class":62},[44,148752,148753,148755,148757,148759,148761,148763,148765,148767,148769],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,148754,82],{"class":58},[44,148756,63],{"class":62},[44,148758,3467],{"class":97},[44,148760,504],{"class":62},[44,148762,35673],{"class":97},[44,148764,63],{"class":62},[44,148766,1857],{"class":452},[44,148768,5190],{"class":62},[44,148770,27610],{"class":3483},[20,148772,148773,148775,148776,148778,148780],{},[15,148774,56918],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9668,148777],{},[15,148779,58596],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[30,148782,1651],{"id":1650},[600,148784,4970,148786,4973],{"id":148785},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,148787,147510],{},[20,148789,148790],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[600,148792,1655,148794,148796],{"id":148793},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,148795,147510],{}," change the tuple?",[20,148798,148799],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[600,148801,148803],{"id":148802},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,148805,11736,148806,504],{},[15,148807,1951],{},[600,148809,4997,148811,148813],{"id":148810},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,148812,147510],{}," count strings?",[20,148815,148816],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[600,148818,5007,148820,1126,148822,213],{"id":148819},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,148821,147510],{},[15,148823,148824],{},"tuple.index()",[20,148826,148827,148829,148830,148832],{},[15,148828,56918],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,148831,58596],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[30,148834,1719],{"id":1718},[126,148836,148837,148841,148846,148853,148861],{},[129,148838,148839],{},[491,148840,147619],{"href":147618},[129,148842,148843],{},[491,148844,148845],{"href":147622},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[129,148847,148848],{},[491,148849,148850,148851,10564],{"href":148639},"Python tuple ",[15,148852,58596],{},[129,148854,148855],{},[491,148856,148858,148859],{"href":148857},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,148860,42175],{},[129,148862,148863],{},[491,148864,58584],{"href":58583},[1758,148866,148867],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":148869},[148870,148872,148875,148876,148877,148878,148879,148887,148888,148899],{"id":147586,"depth":79,"text":148871},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147626,"depth":79,"text":147627,"children":148873},[148874],{"id":102737,"depth":419,"text":102738},{"id":11299,"depth":79,"text":11300},{"id":37845,"depth":79,"text":37846},{"id":40869,"depth":79,"text":40870},{"id":148149,"depth":79,"text":148150},{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486,"children":148880},[148881,148883,148884,148886],{"id":148309,"depth":419,"text":148882},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58221,"depth":419,"text":58637},{"id":148505,"depth":419,"text":148885},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148518,"depth":419,"text":148519},{"id":148623,"depth":79,"text":148624},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":148889},[148890,148892,148894,148895,148897],{"id":148785,"depth":419,"text":148891},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148793,"depth":419,"text":148893},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148802,"depth":419,"text":148803},{"id":148810,"depth":419,"text":148896},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148819,"depth":419,"text":148898},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147497,"description":148900},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":148907,"title":148908,"body":148909,"description":150596,"extension":1796,"meta":150597,"navigation":807,"path":150598,"seo":150599,"stem":150600,"__hash__":150601},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":148910,"toc":150559},[148911,148914,148917,148926,148928,149058,149060,149121,149127,149129,149149,149153,149156,149159,149194,149196,149217,149220,149259,149261,149286,149293,149297,149300,149337,149339,149362,149365,149368,149380,149386,149390,149393,149399,149440,149442,149465,149468,149509,149511,149538,149540,149557,149559,149576,149579,149583,149586,149588,149622,149624,149671,149675,149714,149718,149721,149778,149780,149821,149827,149833,149838,149840,149877,149879,149899,149901,149934,149936,149969,149972,149976,150009,150011,150036,150039,150041,150055,150062,150064,150067,150071,150074,150109,150112,150147,150151,150154,150193,150196,150235,150239,150241,150271,150274,150281,150283,150315,150318,150350,150353,150384,150386,150403,150407,150410,150474,150476,150480,150487,150491,150494,150498,150501,150505,150508,150513,150519,150521,150556],[10,148912,148908],{"id":148913},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,148915,148916],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,148918,148919,148920,497,148924,504],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[491,148921,148923],{"href":148922},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[491,148925,147619],{"href":147618},[30,148927,33],{"id":32},[35,148929,148931],{"className":37,"code":148930,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,148932,148933,148953,148962,148976,149012,149016,149026,149036,149047],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148934,148935,148937,148939,148941,148943,148945,148947,148949,148951],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148936,3435],{"class":50},[44,148938,55],{"class":54},[44,148940,9058],{"class":62},[44,148942,2807],{"class":452},[44,148944,186],{"class":62},[44,148946,2812],{"class":452},[44,148948,186],{"class":62},[44,148950,2282],{"class":452},[44,148952,76],{"class":62},[44,148954,148955,148957,148959],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,148956,124483],{"class":50},[44,148958,55],{"class":54},[44,148960,148961],{"class":62}," ()\n",[44,148963,148964,148967,148969,148971,148973],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,148965,148966],{"class":50},"one_item ",[44,148968,55],{"class":54},[44,148970,9058],{"class":62},[44,148972,1129],{"class":452},[44,148974,148975],{"class":62},",)\n",[44,148977,148978,148981,148983,148986,148988,148990,148992,148994,148996,148998,149000,149002,149004,149006,149008,149010],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,148979,148980],{"class":50},"from_list ",[44,148982,55],{"class":54},[44,148984,148985],{"class":426}," tuple",[44,148987,2804],{"class":62},[44,148989,67],{"class":66},[44,148991,491],{"class":70},[44,148993,67],{"class":66},[44,148995,186],{"class":62},[44,148997,1438],{"class":66},[44,148999,4587],{"class":70},[44,149001,67],{"class":66},[44,149003,186],{"class":62},[44,149005,1438],{"class":66},[44,149007,9561],{"class":70},[44,149009,67],{"class":66},[44,149011,3711],{"class":62},[44,149013,149014],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,149015,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,149017,149018,149020,149022,149024],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,149019,82],{"class":58},[44,149021,63],{"class":62},[44,149023,3467],{"class":97},[44,149025,76],{"class":62},[44,149027,149028,149030,149032,149034],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,149029,82],{"class":58},[44,149031,63],{"class":62},[44,149033,124534],{"class":97},[44,149035,76],{"class":62},[44,149037,149038,149040,149042,149045],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,149039,82],{"class":58},[44,149041,63],{"class":62},[44,149043,149044],{"class":97},"one_item",[44,149046,76],{"class":62},[44,149048,149049,149051,149053,149056],{"class":46,"line":6261},[44,149050,82],{"class":58},[44,149052,63],{"class":62},[44,149054,149055],{"class":97},"from_list",[44,149057,76],{"class":62},[20,149059,1031],{},[35,149061,149063],{"className":37,"code":149062,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149064,149065,149081,149085,149093],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149066,149067,149069,149071,149073,149075,149077,149079],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149068,63],{"class":62},[44,149070,2807],{"class":452},[44,149072,186],{"class":62},[44,149074,2812],{"class":452},[44,149076,186],{"class":62},[44,149078,2282],{"class":452},[44,149080,76],{"class":62},[44,149082,149083],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,149084,345],{"class":62},[44,149086,149087,149089,149091],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,149088,63],{"class":62},[44,149090,1129],{"class":452},[44,149092,148975],{"class":62},[44,149094,149095,149097,149099,149101,149103,149105,149107,149109,149111,149113,149115,149117,149119],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,149096,63],{"class":62},[44,149098,476],{"class":66},[44,149100,491],{"class":70},[44,149102,476],{"class":66},[44,149104,186],{"class":62},[44,149106,470],{"class":66},[44,149108,4587],{"class":70},[44,149110,476],{"class":66},[44,149112,186],{"class":62},[44,149114,470],{"class":66},[44,149116,9561],{"class":70},[44,149118,476],{"class":66},[44,149120,76],{"class":62},[20,149122,149123,149124,504],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149125,149126],{},"(5,)",[30,149128,14990],{"id":14989},[126,149130,149131,149134,149137,149140,149143,149146],{},[129,149132,149133],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[129,149135,149136],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[129,149138,149139],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[129,149141,149142],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[129,149144,149145],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[129,149147,149148],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[30,149150,149152],{"id":149151},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149154,149155],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149157,149158],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[35,149160,149162],{"className":37,"code":149161,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149163,149164,149184],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149165,149166,149168,149170,149172,149174,149176,149178,149180,149182],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149167,3435],{"class":50},[44,149169,55],{"class":54},[44,149171,9058],{"class":62},[44,149173,2807],{"class":452},[44,149175,186],{"class":62},[44,149177,2812],{"class":452},[44,149179,186],{"class":62},[44,149181,2282],{"class":452},[44,149183,76],{"class":62},[44,149185,149186,149188,149190,149192],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,149187,82],{"class":58},[44,149189,63],{"class":62},[44,149191,3467],{"class":97},[44,149193,76],{"class":62},[20,149195,1031],{},[35,149197,149199],{"className":37,"code":149198,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149200,149201],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149202,149203,149205,149207,149209,149211,149213,149215],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149204,63],{"class":62},[44,149206,2807],{"class":452},[44,149208,186],{"class":62},[44,149210,2812],{"class":452},[44,149212,186],{"class":62},[44,149214,2282],{"class":452},[44,149216,76],{"class":62},[20,149218,149219],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[35,149221,149223],{"className":37,"code":149222,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149224,149225,149249],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149226,149227,149229,149231,149233,149235,149237,149239,149241,149243,149245,149247],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149228,8988],{"class":50},[44,149230,55],{"class":54},[44,149232,9058],{"class":62},[44,149234,2807],{"class":452},[44,149236,186],{"class":62},[44,149238,1438],{"class":66},[44,149240,3903],{"class":70},[44,149242,67],{"class":66},[44,149244,186],{"class":62},[44,149246,3739],{"class":3674},[44,149248,76],{"class":62},[44,149250,149251,149253,149255,149257],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,149252,82],{"class":58},[44,149254,63],{"class":62},[44,149256,9026],{"class":97},[44,149258,76],{"class":62},[20,149260,1031],{},[35,149262,149264],{"className":37,"code":149263,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149265,149266],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149267,149268,149270,149272,149274,149276,149278,149280,149282,149284],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149269,63],{"class":62},[44,149271,2807],{"class":452},[44,149273,186],{"class":62},[44,149275,470],{"class":66},[44,149277,3903],{"class":70},[44,149279,476],{"class":66},[44,149281,186],{"class":62},[44,149283,3739],{"class":3674},[44,149285,76],{"class":62},[20,149287,149288,149289,504],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[491,149290,149292],{"href":149291},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[30,149294,149296],{"id":149295},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149298,149299],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[35,149301,149303],{"className":37,"code":149302,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149304,149305,149313,149323],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149306,149307,149309,149311],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149308,124483],{"class":50},[44,149310,55],{"class":54},[44,149312,148961],{"class":62},[44,149314,149315,149317,149319,149321],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,149316,82],{"class":58},[44,149318,63],{"class":62},[44,149320,124534],{"class":97},[44,149322,76],{"class":62},[44,149324,149325,149327,149329,149331,149333,149335],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,149326,82],{"class":58},[44,149328,63],{"class":62},[44,149330,427],{"class":426},[44,149332,63],{"class":62},[44,149334,124534],{"class":97},[44,149336,434],{"class":62},[20,149338,1031],{},[35,149340,149342],{"className":37,"code":149341,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149343,149344,149348],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149345,149346],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149347,345],{"class":62},[44,149349,149350,149352,149354,149356,149358,149360],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,149351,463],{"class":54},[44,149353,467],{"class":466},[44,149355,470],{"class":66},[44,149357,48578],{"class":70},[44,149359,476],{"class":66},[44,149361,479],{"class":54},[20,149363,149364],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149366,149367],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[126,149369,149370,149375],{},[129,149371,149372,149373],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149374,7196],{},[129,149376,149377,149378],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149379,3608],{},[20,149381,149382,149383,504],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[491,149384,149385],{"href":56781},"Python list: creating a list",[30,149387,149389],{"id":149388},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149391,149392],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149394,149395,149396,149398],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[3563,149397,4457],{}," automatically a tuple:",[35,149400,149402],{"className":37,"code":149401,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149403,149404,149416,149426],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149405,149406,149408,149410,149412,149414],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149407,338],{"class":50},[44,149409,55],{"class":54},[44,149411,9058],{"class":62},[44,149413,1129],{"class":452},[44,149415,76],{"class":62},[44,149417,149418,149420,149422,149424],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,149419,82],{"class":58},[44,149421,63],{"class":62},[44,149423,354],{"class":97},[44,149425,76],{"class":62},[44,149427,149428,149430,149432,149434,149436,149438],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,149429,82],{"class":58},[44,149431,63],{"class":62},[44,149433,427],{"class":426},[44,149435,63],{"class":62},[44,149437,354],{"class":97},[44,149439,434],{"class":62},[20,149441,1031],{},[35,149443,149445],{"className":37,"code":149444,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149446,149447,149451],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149448,149449],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149450,2766],{"class":452},[44,149452,149453,149455,149457,149459,149461,149463],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,149454,463],{"class":54},[44,149456,467],{"class":466},[44,149458,470],{"class":66},[44,149460,588],{"class":70},[44,149462,476],{"class":66},[44,149464,479],{"class":54},[20,149466,149467],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[35,149469,149471],{"className":37,"code":149470,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149472,149473,149485,149495],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149474,149475,149477,149479,149481,149483],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149476,148966],{"class":50},[44,149478,55],{"class":54},[44,149480,9058],{"class":62},[44,149482,1129],{"class":452},[44,149484,148975],{"class":62},[44,149486,149487,149489,149491,149493],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,149488,82],{"class":58},[44,149490,63],{"class":62},[44,149492,149044],{"class":97},[44,149494,76],{"class":62},[44,149496,149497,149499,149501,149503,149505,149507],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,149498,82],{"class":58},[44,149500,63],{"class":62},[44,149502,427],{"class":426},[44,149504,63],{"class":62},[44,149506,149044],{"class":97},[44,149508,434],{"class":62},[20,149510,1031],{},[35,149512,149514],{"className":37,"code":149513,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149515,149516,149524],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149517,149518,149520,149522],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149519,63],{"class":62},[44,149521,1129],{"class":452},[44,149523,148975],{"class":62},[44,149525,149526,149528,149530,149532,149534,149536],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,149527,463],{"class":54},[44,149529,467],{"class":466},[44,149531,470],{"class":66},[44,149533,48578],{"class":70},[44,149535,476],{"class":66},[44,149537,479],{"class":54},[20,149539,16484],{},[35,149541,149543],{"className":37,"code":149542,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149544,149545],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149546,149547,149549,149551,149553,149555],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149548,63],{"class":62},[44,149550,67],{"class":66},[44,149552,3903],{"class":70},[44,149554,67],{"class":66},[44,149556,148975],{"class":62},[20,149558,16472],{},[35,149560,149562],{"className":37,"code":149561,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149563,149564],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149565,149566,149568,149570,149572,149574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149567,63],{"class":62},[44,149569,67],{"class":66},[44,149571,3903],{"class":70},[44,149573,67],{"class":66},[44,149575,76],{"class":62},[20,149577,149578],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[30,149580,149582],{"id":149581},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149584,149585],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[600,149587,56089],{"id":3467},[35,149589,149590],{"className":37,"code":149161,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,149591,149592,149612],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149593,149594,149596,149598,149600,149602,149604,149606,149608,149610],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149595,3435],{"class":50},[44,149597,55],{"class":54},[44,149599,9058],{"class":62},[44,149601,2807],{"class":452},[44,149603,186],{"class":62},[44,149605,2812],{"class":452},[44,149607,186],{"class":62},[44,149609,2282],{"class":452},[44,149611,76],{"class":62},[44,149613,149614,149616,149618,149620],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,149615,82],{"class":58},[44,149617,63],{"class":62},[44,149619,3467],{"class":97},[44,149621,76],{"class":62},[600,149623,56092],{"id":5137},[35,149625,149627],{"className":37,"code":149626,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149628,149629,149661],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149630,149631,149633,149635,149637,149639,149641,149643,149645,149647,149649,149651,149653,149655,149657,149659],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149632,12901],{"class":50},[44,149634,55],{"class":54},[44,149636,9058],{"class":62},[44,149638,67],{"class":66},[44,149640,12918],{"class":70},[44,149642,67],{"class":66},[44,149644,186],{"class":62},[44,149646,1438],{"class":66},[44,149648,17285],{"class":70},[44,149650,67],{"class":66},[44,149652,186],{"class":62},[44,149654,1438],{"class":66},[44,149656,12935],{"class":70},[44,149658,67],{"class":66},[44,149660,76],{"class":62},[44,149662,149663,149665,149667,149669],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,149664,82],{"class":58},[44,149666,63],{"class":62},[44,149668,17332],{"class":97},[44,149670,76],{"class":62},[600,149672,149674],{"id":149673},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[35,149676,149678],{"className":37,"code":149677,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149679,149680,149704],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149681,149682,149684,149686,149688,149690,149692,149694,149696,149698,149700,149702],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149683,59101],{"class":50},[44,149685,55],{"class":54},[44,149687,9058],{"class":62},[44,149689,2807],{"class":452},[44,149691,186],{"class":62},[44,149693,1438],{"class":66},[44,149695,3903],{"class":70},[44,149697,67],{"class":66},[44,149699,186],{"class":62},[44,149701,3739],{"class":3674},[44,149703,76],{"class":62},[44,149705,149706,149708,149710,149712],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,149707,82],{"class":58},[44,149709,63],{"class":62},[44,149711,59154],{"class":97},[44,149713,76],{"class":62},[600,149715,149717],{"id":149716},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,149719,149720],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[35,149722,149724],{"className":37,"code":149723,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,149725,149726,149767],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149727,149728,149731,149733,149735,149737,149739,149741,149743,149745,149747,149749,149751,149753,149755,149757,149759,149761,149763,149765],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149729,149730],{"class":50},"nested ",[44,149732,55],{"class":54},[44,149734,9058],{"class":62},[44,149736,2807],{"class":452},[44,149738,186],{"class":62},[44,149740,9058],{"class":62},[44,149742,67],{"class":66},[44,149744,491],{"class":70},[44,149746,67],{"class":66},[44,149748,186],{"class":62},[44,149750,1438],{"class":66},[44,149752,4587],{"class":70},[44,149754,67],{"class":66},[44,149756,9055],{"class":62},[44,149758,3440],{"class":62},[44,149760,2161],{"class":452},[44,149762,186],{"class":62},[44,149764,7620],{"class":452},[44,149766,3711],{"class":62},[44,149768,149769,149771,149773,149776],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,149770,82],{"class":58},[44,149772,63],{"class":62},[44,149774,149775],{"class":97},"nested",[44,149777,76],{"class":62},[20,149779,1031],{},[35,149781,149783],{"className":37,"code":149782,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,149784,149785],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149786,149787,149789,149791,149793,149795,149797,149799,149801,149803,149805,149807,149809,149811,149813,149815,149817,149819],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149788,63],{"class":62},[44,149790,2807],{"class":452},[44,149792,186],{"class":62},[44,149794,9058],{"class":62},[44,149796,476],{"class":66},[44,149798,491],{"class":70},[44,149800,476],{"class":66},[44,149802,186],{"class":62},[44,149804,470],{"class":66},[44,149806,4587],{"class":70},[44,149808,476],{"class":66},[44,149810,9055],{"class":62},[44,149812,3440],{"class":62},[44,149814,2161],{"class":452},[44,149816,186],{"class":62},[44,149818,7620],{"class":452},[44,149820,3711],{"class":62},[30,149822,149824,149825],{"id":149823},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,149826,37872],{},[20,149828,149829,149830,149832],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,149831,37872],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,149834,149835,149836,504],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[491,149837,62847],{"href":62846},[600,149839,104878],{"id":104877},[35,149841,149843],{"className":37,"code":149842,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149844,149845,149867],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149846,149847,149849,149851,149853,149855,149857,149859,149861,149863,149865],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149848,3435],{"class":50},[44,149850,55],{"class":54},[44,149852,148985],{"class":426},[44,149854,2804],{"class":62},[44,149856,2807],{"class":452},[44,149858,186],{"class":62},[44,149860,2812],{"class":452},[44,149862,186],{"class":62},[44,149864,2282],{"class":452},[44,149866,3711],{"class":62},[44,149868,149869,149871,149873,149875],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,149870,82],{"class":58},[44,149872,63],{"class":62},[44,149874,3467],{"class":97},[44,149876,76],{"class":62},[20,149878,1031],{},[35,149880,149881],{"className":37,"code":149198,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,149882,149883],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149884,149885,149887,149889,149891,149893,149895,149897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149886,63],{"class":62},[44,149888,2807],{"class":452},[44,149890,186],{"class":62},[44,149892,2812],{"class":452},[44,149894,186],{"class":62},[44,149896,2282],{"class":452},[44,149898,76],{"class":62},[600,149900,105064],{"id":105063},[35,149902,149904],{"className":37,"code":149903,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,149905,149906,149924],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149907,149908,149910,149912,149914,149916,149918,149920,149922],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149909,35915],{"class":50},[44,149911,55],{"class":54},[44,149913,148985],{"class":426},[44,149915,63],{"class":62},[44,149917,67],{"class":66},[44,149919,41382],{"class":70},[44,149921,67],{"class":66},[44,149923,76],{"class":62},[44,149925,149926,149928,149930,149932],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,149927,82],{"class":58},[44,149929,63],{"class":62},[44,149931,35968],{"class":97},[44,149933,76],{"class":62},[20,149935,1031],{},[35,149937,149939],{"className":37,"code":149938,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149940,149941],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149942,149943,149945,149947,149949,149951,149953,149955,149957,149959,149961,149963,149965,149967],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149944,63],{"class":62},[44,149946,476],{"class":66},[44,149948,491],{"class":70},[44,149950,476],{"class":66},[44,149952,186],{"class":62},[44,149954,470],{"class":66},[44,149956,4587],{"class":70},[44,149958,476],{"class":66},[44,149960,186],{"class":62},[44,149962,470],{"class":66},[44,149964,9561],{"class":70},[44,149966,476],{"class":66},[44,149968,76],{"class":62},[20,149970,149971],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[600,149973,149975],{"id":149974},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[35,149977,149979],{"className":37,"code":149978,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,149980,149981,149999],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149982,149983,149985,149987,149989,149991,149993,149995,149997],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149984,3644],{"class":50},[44,149986,55],{"class":54},[44,149988,148985],{"class":426},[44,149990,63],{"class":62},[44,149992,59627],{"class":58},[44,149994,63],{"class":62},[44,149996,1125],{"class":452},[44,149998,434],{"class":62},[44,150000,150001,150003,150005,150007],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,150002,82],{"class":58},[44,150004,63],{"class":62},[44,150006,5187],{"class":97},[44,150008,76],{"class":62},[20,150010,1031],{},[35,150012,150014],{"className":37,"code":150013,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150015,150016],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150017,150018,150020,150022,150024,150026,150028,150030,150032,150034],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150019,63],{"class":62},[44,150021,1951],{"class":452},[44,150023,186],{"class":62},[44,150025,711],{"class":452},[44,150027,186],{"class":62},[44,150029,2812],{"class":452},[44,150031,186],{"class":62},[44,150033,2282],{"class":452},[44,150035,76],{"class":62},[20,150037,150038],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[30,150040,20629],{"id":20628},[126,150042,150043,150046,150049,150052],{},[129,150044,150045],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[129,150047,150048],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[129,150050,150051],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[129,150053,150054],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150056,150057,150058,504],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[491,150059,150061],{"href":150060},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[30,150063,1486],{"id":1485},[20,150065,150066],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[600,150068,150070],{"id":150069},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150072,150073],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[35,150075,150077],{"className":37,"code":150076,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150078,150079,150095],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150080,150081,150083,150085,150087,150089,150091,150093],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150082,28369],{"class":50},[44,150084,55],{"class":54},[44,150086,9058],{"class":62},[44,150088,67],{"class":66},[44,150090,3903],{"class":70},[44,150092,67],{"class":66},[44,150094,76],{"class":62},[44,150096,150097,150099,150101,150103,150105,150107],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,150098,82],{"class":58},[44,150100,63],{"class":62},[44,150102,427],{"class":426},[44,150104,63],{"class":62},[44,150106,23139],{"class":97},[44,150108,434],{"class":62},[20,150110,150111],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[35,150113,150115],{"className":37,"code":150114,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150116,150117,150133],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150118,150119,150121,150123,150125,150127,150129,150131],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150120,28369],{"class":50},[44,150122,55],{"class":54},[44,150124,9058],{"class":62},[44,150126,67],{"class":66},[44,150128,3903],{"class":70},[44,150130,67],{"class":66},[44,150132,148975],{"class":62},[44,150134,150135,150137,150139,150141,150143,150145],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,150136,82],{"class":58},[44,150138,63],{"class":62},[44,150140,427],{"class":426},[44,150142,63],{"class":62},[44,150144,23139],{"class":97},[44,150146,434],{"class":62},[600,150148,150150],{"id":150149},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150152,150153],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[35,150155,150157],{"className":37,"code":150156,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150158,150159,150179],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150160,150161,150163,150165,150167,150169,150171,150173,150175,150177],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150162,3644],{"class":50},[44,150164,55],{"class":54},[44,150166,3440],{"class":62},[44,150168,2807],{"class":452},[44,150170,186],{"class":62},[44,150172,2812],{"class":452},[44,150174,186],{"class":62},[44,150176,2282],{"class":452},[44,150178,3453],{"class":62},[44,150180,150181,150183,150185,150187,150189,150191],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,150182,82],{"class":58},[44,150184,63],{"class":62},[44,150186,427],{"class":426},[44,150188,63],{"class":62},[44,150190,5187],{"class":97},[44,150192,434],{"class":62},[20,150194,150195],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[35,150197,150199],{"className":37,"code":150198,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150200,150201,150221],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150202,150203,150205,150207,150209,150211,150213,150215,150217,150219],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150204,3644],{"class":50},[44,150206,55],{"class":54},[44,150208,9058],{"class":62},[44,150210,2807],{"class":452},[44,150212,186],{"class":62},[44,150214,2812],{"class":452},[44,150216,186],{"class":62},[44,150218,2282],{"class":452},[44,150220,76],{"class":62},[44,150222,150223,150225,150227,150229,150231,150233],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,150224,82],{"class":58},[44,150226,63],{"class":62},[44,150228,427],{"class":426},[44,150230,63],{"class":62},[44,150232,5187],{"class":97},[44,150234,434],{"class":62},[600,150236,150238],{"id":150237},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150240,150051],{},[35,150242,150244],{"className":37,"code":150243,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150245,150246,150266],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150247,150248,150250,150252,150254,150256,150258,150260,150262,150264],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150249,3435],{"class":50},[44,150251,55],{"class":54},[44,150253,9058],{"class":62},[44,150255,2807],{"class":452},[44,150257,186],{"class":62},[44,150259,2812],{"class":452},[44,150261,186],{"class":62},[44,150263,2282],{"class":452},[44,150265,76],{"class":62},[44,150267,150268],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,150269,150270],{"class":3483},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150272,150273],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[600,150275,37030,150277,150280],{"id":150276},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150278,150279],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150282,64273],{},[35,150284,150285],{"className":37,"code":149903,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,150286,150287,150305],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150288,150289,150291,150293,150295,150297,150299,150301,150303],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150290,35915],{"class":50},[44,150292,55],{"class":54},[44,150294,148985],{"class":426},[44,150296,63],{"class":62},[44,150298,67],{"class":66},[44,150300,41382],{"class":70},[44,150302,67],{"class":66},[44,150304,76],{"class":62},[44,150306,150307,150309,150311,150313],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,150308,82],{"class":58},[44,150310,63],{"class":62},[44,150312,35968],{"class":97},[44,150314,76],{"class":62},[20,150316,150317],{},"gives:",[35,150319,150320],{"className":37,"code":149938,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,150321,150322],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150323,150324,150326,150328,150330,150332,150334,150336,150338,150340,150342,150344,150346,150348],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150325,63],{"class":62},[44,150327,476],{"class":66},[44,150329,491],{"class":70},[44,150331,476],{"class":66},[44,150333,186],{"class":62},[44,150335,470],{"class":66},[44,150337,4587],{"class":70},[44,150339,476],{"class":66},[44,150341,186],{"class":62},[44,150343,470],{"class":66},[44,150345,9561],{"class":70},[44,150347,476],{"class":66},[44,150349,76],{"class":62},[20,150351,150352],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[35,150354,150356],{"className":37,"code":150355,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150357,150358,150374],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150359,150360,150362,150364,150366,150368,150370,150372],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150361,5983],{"class":50},[44,150363,55],{"class":54},[44,150365,9058],{"class":62},[44,150367,67],{"class":66},[44,150369,41382],{"class":70},[44,150371,67],{"class":66},[44,150373,148975],{"class":62},[44,150375,150376,150378,150380,150382],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,150377,82],{"class":58},[44,150379,63],{"class":62},[44,150381,38217],{"class":97},[44,150383,76],{"class":62},[20,150385,1031],{},[35,150387,150389],{"className":37,"code":150388,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('abc',)\n",[15,150390,150391],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150392,150393,150395,150397,150399,150401],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150394,63],{"class":62},[44,150396,476],{"class":66},[44,150398,41382],{"class":70},[44,150400,476],{"class":66},[44,150402,148975],{"class":62},[600,150404,150406],{"id":150405},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150408,150409],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[35,150411,150413],{"className":37,"code":150412,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150414,150415,150432,150436,150446,150460],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150416,150417,150420,150422,150424,150426,150428,150430],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150418,150419],{"class":50},"my_tuple ",[44,150421,55],{"class":54},[44,150423,9058],{"class":62},[44,150425,67],{"class":66},[44,150427,3903],{"class":70},[44,150429,67],{"class":66},[44,150431,148975],{"class":62},[44,150433,150434],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,150435,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,150437,150438,150440,150442,150444],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,150439,82],{"class":58},[44,150441,63],{"class":62},[44,150443,147637],{"class":97},[44,150445,76],{"class":62},[44,150447,150448,150450,150452,150454,150456,150458],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,150449,82],{"class":58},[44,150451,63],{"class":62},[44,150453,427],{"class":426},[44,150455,63],{"class":62},[44,150457,147637],{"class":97},[44,150459,434],{"class":62},[44,150461,150462,150464,150466,150468,150470,150472],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,150463,82],{"class":58},[44,150465,63],{"class":62},[44,150467,10986],{"class":58},[44,150469,63],{"class":62},[44,150471,147637],{"class":97},[44,150473,434],{"class":62},[30,150475,1651],{"id":1650},[600,150477,150479],{"id":150478},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150481,150482,150483,150486],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150484,150485],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[600,150488,150490],{"id":150489},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150492,150493],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[600,150495,150497],{"id":150496},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150499,150500],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[600,150502,150504],{"id":150503},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150506,150507],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[600,150509,4970,150511,12540],{"id":150510},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150512,150279],{},[20,150514,4976,150515,150518],{},[15,150516,150517],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[30,150520,1719],{"id":1718},[126,150522,150523,150527,150531,150537,150542,150547,150551],{},[129,150524,150525],{},[491,150526,147619],{"href":147618},[129,150528,150529],{},[491,150530,149292],{"href":149291},[129,150532,150533],{},[491,150534,150536],{"href":150535},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[129,150538,150539],{},[491,150540,150541],{"href":148857},"Python tuple length with len()",[129,150543,150544],{},[491,150545,150546],{"href":148922},"What is a tuple in Python?",[129,150548,150549],{},[491,150550,62847],{"href":62846},[129,150552,150553],{},[491,150554,150555],{"href":150060},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1758,150557,150558],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":150560},[150561,150562,150563,150564,150565,150566,150572,150578,150579,150587,150595],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":14989,"depth":79,"text":14990},{"id":149151,"depth":79,"text":149152},{"id":149295,"depth":79,"text":149296},{"id":149388,"depth":79,"text":149389},{"id":149581,"depth":79,"text":149582,"children":150567},[150568,150569,150570,150571],{"id":3467,"depth":419,"text":56089},{"id":5137,"depth":419,"text":56092},{"id":149673,"depth":419,"text":149674},{"id":149716,"depth":419,"text":149717},{"id":149823,"depth":79,"text":150573,"children":150574},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150575,150576,150577],{"id":104877,"depth":419,"text":104878},{"id":105063,"depth":419,"text":105064},{"id":149974,"depth":419,"text":149975},{"id":20628,"depth":79,"text":20629},{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486,"children":150580},[150581,150582,150583,150584,150586],{"id":150069,"depth":419,"text":150070},{"id":150149,"depth":419,"text":150150},{"id":150237,"depth":419,"text":150238},{"id":150276,"depth":419,"text":150585},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150405,"depth":419,"text":150406},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":150588},[150589,150590,150591,150592,150593],{"id":150478,"depth":419,"text":150479},{"id":150489,"depth":419,"text":150490},{"id":150496,"depth":419,"text":150497},{"id":150503,"depth":419,"text":150504},{"id":150510,"depth":419,"text":150594},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":148908,"description":150596},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150603,"title":150604,"body":150605,"description":152150,"extension":1796,"meta":152151,"navigation":807,"path":152152,"seo":152153,"stem":152154,"__hash__":152155},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150606,"toc":152120},[150607,150610,150615,150617,150630,150636,150638,150705,150707,150742,150747,150751,150755,150757,150768,150776,150778,150780,150801,150803,150823,150826,150828,150833,150876,150878,150900,150903,150916,150920,150924,150927,150980,150982,151003,151008,151012,151015,151060,151062,151095,151107,151111,151119,151156,151158,151187,151191,151194,151247,151249,151269,151276,151280,151285,151354,151356,151381,151385,151388,151394,151471,151473,151532,151534,151546,151551,151555,151559,151573,151575,151610,151612,151629,151632,151645,151649,151653,151664,151669,151684,151687,151690,151692,151695,151699,151701,151715,151717,151741,151746,151750,151753,151772,151775,151824,151829,151846,151849,151882,151886,151888,151939,151942,151967,151970,151993,151997,152003,152005,152040,152043,152048,152050,152054,152057,152061,152066,152070,152073,152077,152080,152084,152089,152091,152117],[10,150608,150604],{"id":150609},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150611,8945,150612,150614],{},[15,150613,37872],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150616,82219],{},[126,150618,150619,150624],{},[129,150620,150621,150623],{},[15,150622,37872],{}," creates an empty tuple",[129,150625,150626,150629],{},[15,150627,150628],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150631,150632,150633,150635],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150634,37872],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[30,150637,33],{"id":32},[35,150639,150641],{"className":37,"code":150640,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150642,150643,150663,150677,150681,150691],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150644,150645,150647,150649,150651,150653,150655,150657,150659,150661],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150646,3435],{"class":50},[44,150648,55],{"class":54},[44,150650,3440],{"class":62},[44,150652,2807],{"class":452},[44,150654,186],{"class":62},[44,150656,2812],{"class":452},[44,150658,186],{"class":62},[44,150660,2282],{"class":452},[44,150662,3453],{"class":62},[44,150664,150665,150667,150669,150671,150673,150675],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,150666,2059],{"class":50},[44,150668,55],{"class":54},[44,150670,148985],{"class":426},[44,150672,63],{"class":62},[44,150674,3467],{"class":97},[44,150676,76],{"class":62},[44,150678,150679],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,150680,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,150682,150683,150685,150687,150689],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,150684,82],{"class":58},[44,150686,63],{"class":62},[44,150688,2094],{"class":97},[44,150690,76],{"class":62},[44,150692,150693,150695,150697,150699,150701,150703],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,150694,82],{"class":58},[44,150696,63],{"class":62},[44,150698,427],{"class":426},[44,150700,63],{"class":62},[44,150702,2094],{"class":97},[44,150704,434],{"class":62},[20,150706,1031],{},[35,150708,150710],{"className":37,"code":150709,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150711,150712,150728],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150713,150714,150716,150718,150720,150722,150724,150726],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150715,63],{"class":62},[44,150717,2807],{"class":452},[44,150719,186],{"class":62},[44,150721,2812],{"class":452},[44,150723,186],{"class":62},[44,150725,2282],{"class":452},[44,150727,76],{"class":62},[44,150729,150730,150732,150734,150736,150738,150740],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,150731,463],{"class":54},[44,150733,467],{"class":466},[44,150735,470],{"class":66},[44,150737,48578],{"class":70},[44,150739,476],{"class":66},[44,150741,479],{"class":54},[20,150743,103,150744,150746],{},[15,150745,150628],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[30,150748,150750],{"id":150749},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,150752,150753,62555],{},[15,150754,37872],{},[20,150756,48552],{},[126,150758,150759,150762,150765],{},[129,150760,150761],{},"creates a tuple object",[129,150763,150764],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[129,150766,150767],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,150769,150770,150771,150773,150774,504],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[491,150772,148923],{"href":148922}," or the full guide to ",[491,150775,147619],{"href":147618},[30,150777,250],{"id":249},[20,150779,26317],{},[35,150781,150783],{"className":37,"code":150782,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,150784,150785,150791],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150786,150787,150789],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150788,48578],{"class":426},[44,150790,345],{"class":62},[44,150792,150793,150795,150797,150799],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,150794,48578],{"class":426},[44,150796,63],{"class":62},[44,150798,3540],{"class":97},[44,150800,76],{"class":62},[20,150802,273],{},[126,150804,150805,150808],{},[129,150806,150807],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[129,150809,150810,150811],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[126,150812,150813,150815,150817,150819,150821],{},[129,150814,5128],{},[129,150816,5137],{},[129,150818,62626],{},[129,150820,5134],{},[129,150822,7081],{},[20,150824,150825],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[30,150827,149296],{"id":149295},[20,150829,29480,150830,150832],{},[15,150831,37872],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[35,150834,150836],{"className":37,"code":150835,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150837,150838,150848,150852,150862],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150839,150840,150842,150844,150846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150841,124483],{"class":50},[44,150843,55],{"class":54},[44,150845,148985],{"class":426},[44,150847,345],{"class":62},[44,150849,150850],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,150851,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,150853,150854,150856,150858,150860],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,150855,82],{"class":58},[44,150857,63],{"class":62},[44,150859,124534],{"class":97},[44,150861,76],{"class":62},[44,150863,150864,150866,150868,150870,150872,150874],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,150865,82],{"class":58},[44,150867,63],{"class":62},[44,150869,427],{"class":426},[44,150871,63],{"class":62},[44,150873,124534],{"class":97},[44,150875,434],{"class":62},[20,150877,1031],{},[35,150879,150880],{"className":37,"code":149341,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,150881,150882,150886],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150883,150884],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150885,345],{"class":62},[44,150887,150888,150890,150892,150894,150896,150898],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,150889,463],{"class":54},[44,150891,467],{"class":466},[44,150893,470],{"class":66},[44,150895,48578],{"class":70},[44,150897,476],{"class":66},[44,150899,479],{"class":54},[20,150901,150902],{},"This is equivalent to:",[35,150904,150906],{"className":37,"code":150905,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty = ()\n",[15,150907,150908],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150909,150910,150912,150914],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150911,124483],{"class":50},[44,150913,55],{"class":54},[44,150915,148961],{"class":62},[30,150917,150919],{"id":150918},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[600,150921,150923],{"id":150922},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,150925,150926],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[35,150928,150930],{"className":37,"code":150929,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150931,150932,150952,150966,150970],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150933,150934,150936,150938,150940,150942,150944,150946,150948,150950],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150935,3435],{"class":50},[44,150937,55],{"class":54},[44,150939,3440],{"class":62},[44,150941,2161],{"class":452},[44,150943,186],{"class":62},[44,150945,7620],{"class":452},[44,150947,186],{"class":62},[44,150949,7625],{"class":452},[44,150951,3453],{"class":62},[44,150953,150954,150956,150958,150960,150962,150964],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,150955,2059],{"class":50},[44,150957,55],{"class":54},[44,150959,148985],{"class":426},[44,150961,63],{"class":62},[44,150963,3467],{"class":97},[44,150965,76],{"class":62},[44,150967,150968],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,150969,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,150971,150972,150974,150976,150978],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,150973,82],{"class":58},[44,150975,63],{"class":62},[44,150977,2094],{"class":97},[44,150979,76],{"class":62},[20,150981,1031],{},[35,150983,150985],{"className":37,"code":150984,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,150986,150987],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150988,150989,150991,150993,150995,150997,150999,151001],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150990,63],{"class":62},[44,150992,2161],{"class":452},[44,150994,186],{"class":62},[44,150996,7620],{"class":452},[44,150998,186],{"class":62},[44,151000,7625],{"class":452},[44,151002,76],{"class":62},[20,151004,151005,151006,504],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[491,151007,104683],{"href":59684},[600,151009,151011],{"id":151010},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151013,151014],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[35,151016,151018],{"className":37,"code":151017,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151019,151020,151032,151046,151050],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151021,151022,151024,151026,151028,151030],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151023,34514],{"class":50},[44,151025,55],{"class":54},[44,151027,1438],{"class":66},[44,151029,36873],{"class":70},[44,151031,3176],{"class":66},[44,151033,151034,151036,151038,151040,151042,151044],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,151035,2059],{"class":50},[44,151037,55],{"class":54},[44,151039,148985],{"class":426},[44,151041,63],{"class":62},[44,151043,34535],{"class":97},[44,151045,76],{"class":62},[44,151047,151048],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,151049,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,151051,151052,151054,151056,151058],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,151053,82],{"class":58},[44,151055,63],{"class":62},[44,151057,2094],{"class":97},[44,151059,76],{"class":62},[20,151061,1031],{},[35,151063,151065],{"className":37,"code":151064,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151066,151067],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151068,151069,151071,151073,151075,151077,151079,151081,151083,151085,151087,151089,151091,151093],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151070,63],{"class":62},[44,151072,476],{"class":66},[44,151074,9561],{"class":70},[44,151076,476],{"class":66},[44,151078,186],{"class":62},[44,151080,470],{"class":66},[44,151082,491],{"class":70},[44,151084,476],{"class":66},[44,151086,186],{"class":62},[44,151088,470],{"class":66},[44,151090,62916],{"class":70},[44,151092,476],{"class":66},[44,151094,76],{"class":62},[20,151096,151097,151098,13880,151101,151103,151104,504],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151099,151100],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[3563,151102,4457],{}," create ",[15,151105,151106],{},"('cat',)",[600,151108,151110],{"id":151109},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151112,151113,151115,151116,151118],{},[15,151114,36023],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151117,37872],{}," collects them all.",[35,151120,151122],{"className":37,"code":151121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151123,151124,151142,151146],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151125,151126,151128,151130,151132,151134,151136,151138,151140],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151127,2059],{"class":50},[44,151129,55],{"class":54},[44,151131,148985],{"class":426},[44,151133,63],{"class":62},[44,151135,59627],{"class":58},[44,151137,63],{"class":62},[44,151139,1129],{"class":452},[44,151141,434],{"class":62},[44,151143,151144],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,151145,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,151147,151148,151150,151152,151154],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,151149,82],{"class":58},[44,151151,63],{"class":62},[44,151153,2094],{"class":97},[44,151155,76],{"class":62},[20,151157,1031],{},[35,151159,151161],{"className":37,"code":151160,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151162,151163],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151164,151165,151167,151169,151171,151173,151175,151177,151179,151181,151183,151185],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151166,63],{"class":62},[44,151168,1951],{"class":452},[44,151170,186],{"class":62},[44,151172,711],{"class":452},[44,151174,186],{"class":62},[44,151176,2812],{"class":452},[44,151178,186],{"class":62},[44,151180,2282],{"class":452},[44,151182,186],{"class":62},[44,151184,2287],{"class":452},[44,151186,76],{"class":62},[600,151188,151190],{"id":151189},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151192,151193],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[35,151195,151197],{"className":37,"code":151196,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151198,151199,151219,151233,151237],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151200,151201,151203,151205,151207,151209,151211,151213,151215,151217],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151202,3644],{"class":50},[44,151204,55],{"class":54},[44,151206,10313],{"class":62},[44,151208,2807],{"class":452},[44,151210,186],{"class":62},[44,151212,2812],{"class":452},[44,151214,186],{"class":62},[44,151216,2282],{"class":452},[44,151218,9130],{"class":62},[44,151220,151221,151223,151225,151227,151229,151231],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,151222,2059],{"class":50},[44,151224,55],{"class":54},[44,151226,148985],{"class":426},[44,151228,63],{"class":62},[44,151230,5187],{"class":97},[44,151232,76],{"class":62},[44,151234,151235],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,151236,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,151238,151239,151241,151243,151245],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,151240,82],{"class":58},[44,151242,63],{"class":62},[44,151244,2094],{"class":97},[44,151246,76],{"class":62},[20,151248,1031],{},[35,151250,151251],{"className":37,"code":149198,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,151252,151253],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151254,151255,151257,151259,151261,151263,151265,151267],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151256,63],{"class":62},[44,151258,2807],{"class":452},[44,151260,186],{"class":62},[44,151262,2812],{"class":452},[44,151264,186],{"class":62},[44,151266,2282],{"class":452},[44,151268,76],{"class":62},[20,151270,151271,151272,504],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[491,151273,151275],{"href":151274},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[600,151277,151279],{"id":151278},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151281,63169,151282,151284],{},[15,151283,37872],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[35,151286,151288],{"className":37,"code":151287,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151289,151290,151326,151340,151344],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151291,151292,151294,151296,151298,151300,151302,151304,151306,151308,151310,151312,151314,151316,151318,151320,151322,151324],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151293,13030],{"class":50},[44,151295,55],{"class":54},[44,151297,10313],{"class":62},[44,151299,67],{"class":66},[44,151301,652],{"class":70},[44,151303,67],{"class":66},[44,151305,449],{"class":62},[44,151307,1438],{"class":66},[44,151309,12705],{"class":70},[44,151311,67],{"class":66},[44,151313,186],{"class":62},[44,151315,1438],{"class":66},[44,151317,414],{"class":70},[44,151319,67],{"class":66},[44,151321,449],{"class":62},[44,151323,9127],{"class":452},[44,151325,9130],{"class":62},[44,151327,151328,151330,151332,151334,151336,151338],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,151329,2059],{"class":50},[44,151331,55],{"class":54},[44,151333,148985],{"class":426},[44,151335,63],{"class":62},[44,151337,17136],{"class":97},[44,151339,76],{"class":62},[44,151341,151342],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,151343,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,151345,151346,151348,151350,151352],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,151347,82],{"class":58},[44,151349,63],{"class":62},[44,151351,2094],{"class":97},[44,151353,76],{"class":62},[20,151355,194],{},[35,151357,151359],{"className":37,"code":151358,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151360,151361],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151362,151363,151365,151367,151369,151371,151373,151375,151377,151379],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151364,63],{"class":62},[44,151366,476],{"class":66},[44,151368,652],{"class":70},[44,151370,476],{"class":66},[44,151372,186],{"class":62},[44,151374,470],{"class":66},[44,151376,414],{"class":70},[44,151378,476],{"class":66},[44,151380,76],{"class":62},[30,151382,151384],{"id":151383},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151386,151387],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151389,151390,151393],{},[15,151391,151392],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[35,151395,151397],{"className":37,"code":151396,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151398,151399,151435,151439,151453],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151400,151401,151403,151405,151407,151409,151411,151413,151415,151417,151419,151421,151423,151425,151427,151429,151431,151433],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151402,13030],{"class":50},[44,151404,55],{"class":54},[44,151406,10313],{"class":62},[44,151408,67],{"class":66},[44,151410,652],{"class":70},[44,151412,67],{"class":66},[44,151414,449],{"class":62},[44,151416,1438],{"class":66},[44,151418,12705],{"class":70},[44,151420,67],{"class":66},[44,151422,186],{"class":62},[44,151424,1438],{"class":66},[44,151426,414],{"class":70},[44,151428,67],{"class":66},[44,151430,449],{"class":62},[44,151432,9127],{"class":452},[44,151434,9130],{"class":62},[44,151436,151437],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,151438,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,151440,151441,151443,151445,151447,151449,151451],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,151442,82],{"class":58},[44,151444,63],{"class":62},[44,151446,48578],{"class":426},[44,151448,63],{"class":62},[44,151450,17136],{"class":97},[44,151452,434],{"class":62},[44,151454,151455,151457,151459,151461,151463,151465,151467,151469],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,151456,82],{"class":58},[44,151458,63],{"class":62},[44,151460,48578],{"class":426},[44,151462,63],{"class":62},[44,151464,17136],{"class":97},[44,151466,504],{"class":62},[44,151468,7640],{"class":97},[44,151470,6119],{"class":62},[20,151472,1031],{},[35,151474,151476],{"className":37,"code":151475,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151477,151478,151498],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151479,151480,151482,151484,151486,151488,151490,151492,151494,151496],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151481,63],{"class":62},[44,151483,476],{"class":66},[44,151485,652],{"class":70},[44,151487,476],{"class":66},[44,151489,186],{"class":62},[44,151491,470],{"class":66},[44,151493,414],{"class":70},[44,151495,476],{"class":66},[44,151497,76],{"class":62},[44,151499,151500,151502,151504,151506,151508,151510,151512,151514,151516,151518,151520,151522,151524,151526,151528,151530],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,151501,5339],{"class":62},[44,151503,476],{"class":66},[44,151505,652],{"class":70},[44,151507,476],{"class":66},[44,151509,186],{"class":62},[44,151511,470],{"class":66},[44,151513,12705],{"class":70},[44,151515,476],{"class":66},[44,151517,9055],{"class":62},[44,151519,9058],{"class":62},[44,151521,476],{"class":66},[44,151523,414],{"class":70},[44,151525,476],{"class":66},[44,151527,186],{"class":62},[44,151529,9127],{"class":452},[44,151531,434],{"class":62},[20,151533,18525],{},[126,151535,151536,151541],{},[129,151537,151538,151540],{},[15,151539,151392],{}," for keys",[129,151542,151543,32383],{},[15,151544,151545],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151547,151548,151549,504],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[491,151550,63179],{"href":63178},[30,151552,151554],{"id":151553},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151556,151557,18149],{},[15,151558,37872],{},[126,151560,151561,151564,151567,151570],{},[129,151562,151563],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[129,151565,151566],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[129,151568,151569],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[129,151571,151572],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151574,145],{},[35,151576,151578],{"className":37,"code":151577,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151579,151580,151599],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151581,151582,151585,151587,151589,151591,151593,151595,151597],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151583,151584],{"class":50},"coordinates ",[44,151586,55],{"class":54},[44,151588,148985],{"class":426},[44,151590,2804],{"class":62},[44,151592,1125],{"class":452},[44,151594,186],{"class":62},[44,151596,5823],{"class":452},[44,151598,3711],{"class":62},[44,151600,151601,151603,151605,151608],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,151602,82],{"class":58},[44,151604,63],{"class":62},[44,151606,151607],{"class":97},"coordinates",[44,151609,76],{"class":62},[20,151611,1031],{},[35,151613,151615],{"className":37,"code":151614,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151616,151617],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151618,151619,151621,151623,151625,151627],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151620,63],{"class":62},[44,151622,1125],{"class":452},[44,151624,186],{"class":62},[44,151626,5823],{"class":452},[44,151628,76],{"class":62},[20,151630,151631],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[126,151633,151634,151636,151639,151642],{},[129,151635,151607],{},[129,151637,151638],{},"RGB colors",[129,151640,151641],{},"dates",[129,151643,151644],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[30,151646,151648],{"id":151647},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151650,44243,151651,10424],{},[15,151652,37872],{},[126,151654,151655,151658,151661],{},[129,151656,151657],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[129,151659,151660],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[129,151662,151663],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151665,116110,151666,151668],{},[3563,151667,4457],{}," work:",[35,151670,151672],{"className":37,"code":151671,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151673,151674],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151675,151676,151678,151680,151682],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151677,48578],{"class":426},[44,151679,63],{"class":62},[44,151681,1129],{"class":452},[44,151683,76],{"class":62},[20,151685,151686],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151688,151689],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[30,151691,114948],{"id":114947},[20,151693,151694],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[600,151696,151698],{"id":151697},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151700,2660],{},[35,151702,151703],{"className":37,"code":151671,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,151704,151705],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151706,151707,151709,151711,151713],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151708,48578],{"class":426},[44,151710,63],{"class":62},[44,151712,1129],{"class":452},[44,151714,76],{"class":62},[20,151716,29511],{},[35,151718,151719],{"className":37,"code":63283,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,151720,151721],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151722,151723,151725,151727,151729,151731,151733,151735,151737,151739],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151724,2825],{"class":426},[44,151726,449],{"class":62},[44,151728,470],{"class":66},[44,151730,588],{"class":70},[44,151732,476],{"class":66},[44,151734,24446],{"class":426},[44,151736,7924],{"class":54},[44,151738,7927],{"class":54},[44,151740,63306],{"class":50},[20,151742,151743,151744,504],{},"If you see this, read ",[491,151745,61920],{"href":52226},[600,151747,151749],{"id":151748},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,151751,151752],{},"This code:",[35,151754,151756],{"className":37,"code":151755,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,151757,151758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151759,151760,151762,151764,151766,151768,151770],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151761,48578],{"class":426},[44,151763,63],{"class":62},[44,151765,67],{"class":66},[44,151767,3667],{"class":70},[44,151769,67],{"class":66},[44,151771,76],{"class":62},[20,151773,151774],{},"returns:",[35,151776,151778],{"className":37,"code":151777,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,151779,151780],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151781,151782,151784,151786,151788,151790,151792,151794,151796,151798,151800,151802,151804,151806,151808,151810,151812,151814,151816,151818,151820,151822],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151783,63],{"class":62},[44,151785,476],{"class":66},[44,151787,60067],{"class":70},[44,151789,476],{"class":66},[44,151791,186],{"class":62},[44,151793,470],{"class":66},[44,151795,60076],{"class":70},[44,151797,476],{"class":66},[44,151799,186],{"class":62},[44,151801,470],{"class":66},[44,151803,60085],{"class":70},[44,151805,476],{"class":66},[44,151807,186],{"class":62},[44,151809,470],{"class":66},[44,151811,60085],{"class":70},[44,151813,476],{"class":66},[44,151815,186],{"class":62},[44,151817,470],{"class":66},[44,151819,60102],{"class":70},[44,151821,476],{"class":66},[44,151823,76],{"class":62},[20,151825,40730,151826,151828],{},[3563,151827,4457],{}," return:",[35,151830,151832],{"className":37,"code":151831,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('hello',)\n",[15,151833,151834],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151835,151836,151838,151840,151842,151844],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151837,63],{"class":62},[44,151839,476],{"class":66},[44,151841,3667],{"class":70},[44,151843,476],{"class":66},[44,151845,148975],{"class":62},[20,151847,151848],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[35,151850,151852],{"className":37,"code":151851,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,151853,151854,151871],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151855,151856,151859,151861,151863,151865,151867,151869],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151857,151858],{"class":50},"single ",[44,151860,55],{"class":54},[44,151862,9058],{"class":62},[44,151864,67],{"class":66},[44,151866,3667],{"class":70},[44,151868,67],{"class":66},[44,151870,148975],{"class":62},[44,151872,151873,151875,151877,151880],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,151874,82],{"class":58},[44,151876,63],{"class":62},[44,151878,151879],{"class":97},"single",[44,151881,76],{"class":62},[600,151883,151885],{"id":151884},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,151887,151752],{},[35,151889,151891],{"className":37,"code":151890,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,151892,151893,151925],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151894,151895,151897,151899,151901,151903,151905,151907,151909,151911,151913,151915,151917,151919,151921,151923],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151896,8988],{"class":50},[44,151898,55],{"class":54},[44,151900,10313],{"class":62},[44,151902,67],{"class":66},[44,151904,491],{"class":70},[44,151906,67],{"class":66},[44,151908,449],{"class":62},[44,151910,711],{"class":452},[44,151912,186],{"class":62},[44,151914,1438],{"class":66},[44,151916,4587],{"class":70},[44,151918,67],{"class":66},[44,151920,449],{"class":62},[44,151922,2812],{"class":452},[44,151924,9130],{"class":62},[44,151926,151927,151929,151931,151933,151935,151937],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,151928,82],{"class":58},[44,151930,63],{"class":62},[44,151932,48578],{"class":426},[44,151934,63],{"class":62},[44,151936,9026],{"class":97},[44,151938,434],{"class":62},[20,151940,151941],{},"returns only the keys:",[35,151943,151945],{"className":37,"code":151944,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,151946,151947],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151948,151949,151951,151953,151955,151957,151959,151961,151963,151965],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151950,63],{"class":62},[44,151952,476],{"class":66},[44,151954,491],{"class":70},[44,151956,476],{"class":66},[44,151958,186],{"class":62},[44,151960,470],{"class":66},[44,151962,4587],{"class":70},[44,151964,476],{"class":66},[44,151966,76],{"class":62},[20,151968,151969],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[35,151971,151973],{"className":37,"code":151972,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,151974,151975],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151976,151977,151979,151981,151983,151985,151987,151989,151991],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151978,82],{"class":58},[44,151980,63],{"class":62},[44,151982,48578],{"class":426},[44,151984,63],{"class":62},[44,151986,9026],{"class":97},[44,151988,504],{"class":62},[44,151990,7640],{"class":97},[44,151992,6119],{"class":62},[600,151994,151996],{"id":151995},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,151998,151999,152000,152002],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152001,37872],{}," conversion.",[20,152004,5301],{},[35,152006,152008],{"className":37,"code":152007,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152009,152010,152030],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152011,152012,152014,152016,152018,152020,152022,152024,152026,152028],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152013,338],{"class":50},[44,152015,55],{"class":54},[44,152017,9058],{"class":62},[44,152019,2807],{"class":452},[44,152021,186],{"class":62},[44,152023,2812],{"class":452},[44,152025,186],{"class":62},[44,152027,2282],{"class":452},[44,152029,76],{"class":62},[44,152031,152032,152034,152036,152038],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,152033,82],{"class":58},[44,152035,63],{"class":62},[44,152037,354],{"class":97},[44,152039,76],{"class":62},[20,152041,152042],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152044,25335,152045,152047],{},[15,152046,37872],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[30,152049,1651],{"id":1650},[600,152051,152053],{"id":152052},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152055,152056],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[600,152058,152060],{"id":152059},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152062,152063,152064,504],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152065,7196],{},[600,152067,152069],{"id":152068},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152071,152072],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[600,152074,152076],{"id":152075},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152078,152079],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[600,152081,152083],{"id":152082},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152085,152086,152087,504],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152088,2825],{},[30,152090,1719],{"id":1718},[126,152092,152093,152097,152101,152105,152109,152113],{},[129,152094,152095],{},[491,152096,147619],{"href":147618},[129,152098,152099],{},[491,152100,150546],{"href":148922},[129,152102,152103],{},[491,152104,104683],{"href":59684},[129,152106,152107],{},[491,152108,151275],{"href":151274},[129,152110,152111],{},[491,152112,63179],{"href":63178},[129,152114,152115],{},[491,152116,61920],{"href":52226},[1758,152118,152119],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":152121},[152122,152123,152124,152125,152126,152133,152134,152135,152136,152142,152149],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":150749,"depth":79,"text":150750},{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":149295,"depth":79,"text":149296},{"id":150918,"depth":79,"text":150919,"children":152127},[152128,152129,152130,152131,152132],{"id":150922,"depth":419,"text":150923},{"id":151010,"depth":419,"text":151011},{"id":151109,"depth":419,"text":151110},{"id":151189,"depth":419,"text":151190},{"id":151278,"depth":419,"text":151279},{"id":151383,"depth":79,"text":151384},{"id":151553,"depth":79,"text":151554},{"id":151647,"depth":79,"text":151648},{"id":114947,"depth":79,"text":114948,"children":152137},[152138,152139,152140,152141],{"id":151697,"depth":419,"text":151698},{"id":151748,"depth":419,"text":151749},{"id":151884,"depth":419,"text":151885},{"id":151995,"depth":419,"text":151996},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":152143},[152144,152145,152146,152147,152148],{"id":152052,"depth":419,"text":152053},{"id":152059,"depth":419,"text":152060},{"id":152068,"depth":419,"text":152069},{"id":152075,"depth":419,"text":152076},{"id":152082,"depth":419,"text":152083},{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150604,"description":152150},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152157,"title":152158,"body":152159,"description":153572,"extension":1796,"meta":153573,"navigation":807,"path":153574,"seo":153575,"stem":153576,"__hash__":153577},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152160,"toc":153544},[152161,152166,152171,152174,152176,152255,152261,152266,152270,152285,152287,152334,152336,152344,152352,152358,152360,152365,152385,152388,152415,152417,152441,152443,152585,152587,152591,152599,152602,152604,152681,152683,152691,152695,152699,152709,152719,152721,152726,152728,152787,152792,152794,152894,152896,152910,152915,152921,152928,152931,152933,153043,153047,153064,153066,153129,153131,153139,153151,153155,153160,153188,153191,153273,153275,153286,153288,153292,153319,153321,153323,153403,153411,153413,153468,153470,153475,153478,153482,153486,153488,153492,153496,153504,153511,153514,153516,153541],[10,152162,147503,152164,11147],{"id":152163},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152165,58596],{},[20,152167,152168,152170],{},[15,152169,148824],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152172,152173],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[30,152175,33],{"id":32},[35,152177,152179],{"className":37,"code":152178,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152180,152181,152221,152243],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152182,152183,152185,152187,152189,152191,152193,152195,152197,152199,152201,152203,152205,152207,152209,152211,152213,152215,152217,152219],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152184,12901],{"class":50},[44,152186,55],{"class":54},[44,152188,9058],{"class":62},[44,152190,67],{"class":66},[44,152192,12918],{"class":70},[44,152194,67],{"class":66},[44,152196,186],{"class":62},[44,152198,1438],{"class":66},[44,152200,12935],{"class":70},[44,152202,67],{"class":66},[44,152204,186],{"class":62},[44,152206,1438],{"class":66},[44,152208,17285],{"class":70},[44,152210,67],{"class":66},[44,152212,186],{"class":62},[44,152214,1438],{"class":66},[44,152216,12935],{"class":70},[44,152218,67],{"class":66},[44,152220,76],{"class":62},[44,152222,152223,152225,152227,152229,152231,152233,152235,152237,152239,152241],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,152224,64549],{"class":50},[44,152226,55],{"class":54},[44,152228,12949],{"class":50},[44,152230,504],{"class":62},[44,152232,35673],{"class":97},[44,152234,63],{"class":62},[44,152236,67],{"class":66},[44,152238,12935],{"class":70},[44,152240,67],{"class":66},[44,152242,76],{"class":62},[44,152244,152245,152247,152249,152251,152253],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,152246,82],{"class":58},[44,152248,63],{"class":62},[44,152250,64576],{"class":97},[44,152252,3480],{"class":62},[44,152254,27610],{"class":3483},[20,152256,152257,152260],{},[15,152258,152259],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[30,152262,113,152264,116],{"id":152263},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152265,148824],{},[20,152267,22,152268,11238],{},[15,152269,58596],{},[126,152271,152272,152275,152277,152280],{},[129,152273,152274],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[129,152276,128101],{},[129,152278,152279],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[129,152281,152282,152283],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152284,1951],{},[20,152286,145],{},[35,152288,152290],{"className":37,"code":152289,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152291,152292,152316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152293,152294,152296,152298,152300,152302,152304,152306,152308,152310,152312,152314],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152295,3435],{"class":50},[44,152297,55],{"class":54},[44,152299,9058],{"class":62},[44,152301,2161],{"class":452},[44,152303,186],{"class":62},[44,152305,7620],{"class":452},[44,152307,186],{"class":62},[44,152309,7625],{"class":452},[44,152311,186],{"class":62},[44,152313,7620],{"class":452},[44,152315,76],{"class":62},[44,152317,152318,152320,152322,152324,152326,152328,152330,152332],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,152319,82],{"class":58},[44,152321,63],{"class":62},[44,152323,3467],{"class":97},[44,152325,504],{"class":62},[44,152327,35673],{"class":97},[44,152329,63],{"class":62},[44,152331,15582],{"class":452},[44,152333,434],{"class":62},[20,152335,1031],{},[35,152337,152338],{"className":37,"code":46541,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152339,152340],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152341,152342],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152343,46541],{"class":452},[20,152345,20806,152346,152348,152349,152351],{},[15,152347,15582],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152350,58596],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152353,150770,152354,504],{},[491,152355,152357],{"href":152356},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[30,152359,250],{"id":249},[20,152361,359,152362,152364],{},[15,152363,58596],{}," in two ways:",[35,152366,152368],{"className":37,"code":152367,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152369,152370],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152371,152372,152375,152377,152379,152381,152383],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152373,152374],{"class":50},"tuple_name",[44,152376,504],{"class":62},[44,152378,35673],{"class":97},[44,152380,63],{"class":62},[44,152382,354],{"class":97},[44,152384,76],{"class":62},[20,152386,152387],{},"or:",[35,152389,152391],{"className":37,"code":152390,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152392,152393],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152394,152395,152397,152399,152401,152403,152405,152407,152409,152411,152413],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152396,152374],{"class":50},[44,152398,504],{"class":62},[44,152400,35673],{"class":97},[44,152402,63],{"class":62},[44,152404,354],{"class":97},[44,152406,186],{"class":62},[44,152408,35876],{"class":97},[44,152410,186],{"class":62},[44,152412,64670],{"class":97},[44,152414,76],{"class":62},[600,152416,17224],{"id":17223},[126,152418,152419,152424,152429,152434],{},[129,152420,152421,152423],{},[15,152422,354],{}," — the item to search for",[129,152425,152426,152428],{},[15,152427,35897],{}," — optional starting position",[129,152430,152431,152433],{},[15,152432,52287],{}," — optional ending position",[129,152435,152436,4610,152438,152440],{},[15,152437,52287],{},[3563,152439,64699],{}," in the search",[20,152442,145],{},[35,152444,152446],{"className":37,"code":152445,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152447,152448,152496,152500,152525,152553],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152449,152450,152452,152454,152456,152458,152460,152462,152464,152466,152468,152470,152472,152474,152476,152478,152480,152482,152484,152486,152488,152490,152492,152494],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152451,35915],{"class":50},[44,152453,55],{"class":54},[44,152455,9058],{"class":62},[44,152457,67],{"class":66},[44,152459,491],{"class":70},[44,152461,67],{"class":66},[44,152463,186],{"class":62},[44,152465,1438],{"class":66},[44,152467,4587],{"class":70},[44,152469,67],{"class":66},[44,152471,186],{"class":62},[44,152473,1438],{"class":66},[44,152475,9561],{"class":70},[44,152477,67],{"class":66},[44,152479,186],{"class":62},[44,152481,1438],{"class":66},[44,152483,4587],{"class":70},[44,152485,67],{"class":66},[44,152487,186],{"class":62},[44,152489,1438],{"class":66},[44,152491,18598],{"class":70},[44,152493,67],{"class":66},[44,152495,76],{"class":62},[44,152497,152498],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,152499,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,152501,152502,152504,152506,152508,152510,152512,152514,152516,152518,152520,152522],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,152503,82],{"class":58},[44,152505,63],{"class":62},[44,152507,35968],{"class":97},[44,152509,504],{"class":62},[44,152511,35673],{"class":97},[44,152513,63],{"class":62},[44,152515,67],{"class":66},[44,152517,4587],{"class":70},[44,152519,67],{"class":66},[44,152521,5190],{"class":62},[44,152523,152524],{"class":3483},"        # 1\n",[44,152526,152527,152529,152531,152533,152535,152537,152539,152541,152543,152545,152547,152549,152551],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,152528,82],{"class":58},[44,152530,63],{"class":62},[44,152532,35968],{"class":97},[44,152534,504],{"class":62},[44,152536,35673],{"class":97},[44,152538,63],{"class":62},[44,152540,67],{"class":66},[44,152542,4587],{"class":70},[44,152544,67],{"class":66},[44,152546,186],{"class":62},[44,152548,2812],{"class":452},[44,152550,5190],{"class":62},[44,152552,50544],{"class":3483},[44,152554,152555,152557,152559,152561,152563,152565,152567,152569,152571,152573,152575,152577,152579,152581,152583],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,152556,82],{"class":58},[44,152558,63],{"class":62},[44,152560,35968],{"class":97},[44,152562,504],{"class":62},[44,152564,35673],{"class":97},[44,152566,63],{"class":62},[44,152568,67],{"class":66},[44,152570,4587],{"class":70},[44,152572,67],{"class":66},[44,152574,186],{"class":62},[44,152576,711],{"class":452},[44,152578,186],{"class":62},[44,152580,2282],{"class":452},[44,152582,5190],{"class":62},[44,152584,27610],{"class":3483},[30,152586,103010],{"id":103009},[20,152588,152589,25338],{},[15,152590,148824],{},[126,152592,152593,152596],{},[129,152594,152595],{},"An integer",[129,152597,152598],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152600,152601],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152603,145],{},[35,152605,152607],{"className":37,"code":152606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152608,152609,152649,152671],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152610,152611,152613,152615,152617,152619,152621,152623,152625,152627,152629,152631,152633,152635,152637,152639,152641,152643,152645,152647],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152612,108109],{"class":50},[44,152614,55],{"class":54},[44,152616,9058],{"class":62},[44,152618,67],{"class":66},[44,152620,36873],{"class":70},[44,152622,67],{"class":66},[44,152624,186],{"class":62},[44,152626,1438],{"class":66},[44,152628,57755],{"class":70},[44,152630,67],{"class":66},[44,152632,186],{"class":62},[44,152634,1438],{"class":66},[44,152636,57772],{"class":70},[44,152638,67],{"class":66},[44,152640,186],{"class":62},[44,152642,1438],{"class":66},[44,152644,57755],{"class":70},[44,152646,67],{"class":66},[44,152648,76],{"class":62},[44,152650,152651,152653,152655,152657,152659,152661,152663,152665,152667,152669],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,152652,2059],{"class":50},[44,152654,55],{"class":54},[44,152656,108152],{"class":50},[44,152658,504],{"class":62},[44,152660,35673],{"class":97},[44,152662,63],{"class":62},[44,152664,67],{"class":66},[44,152666,57755],{"class":70},[44,152668,67],{"class":66},[44,152670,76],{"class":62},[44,152672,152673,152675,152677,152679],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,152674,82],{"class":58},[44,152676,63],{"class":62},[44,152678,2094],{"class":97},[44,152680,76],{"class":62},[20,152682,1031],{},[35,152684,152685],{"className":37,"code":46541,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152686,152687],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152688,152689],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152690,46541],{"class":452},[30,152692,152694],{"id":152693},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152696,103,152697,10424],{},[15,152698,148824],{},[126,152700,152701,152703,152706],{},[129,152702,65728],{},[129,152704,152705],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[129,152707,152708],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,152710,152711,152712,152715,152716,504],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,152713,152714],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[491,152717,149292],{"href":152718},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[30,152720,65260],{"id":65259},[20,152722,152723,152724,504],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,152725,1144],{},[20,152727,145],{},[35,152729,152731],{"className":37,"code":152730,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,152732,152733,152765],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152734,152735,152737,152739,152741,152743,152745,152747,152749,152751,152753,152755,152757,152759,152761,152763],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152736,12901],{"class":50},[44,152738,55],{"class":54},[44,152740,9058],{"class":62},[44,152742,67],{"class":66},[44,152744,12918],{"class":70},[44,152746,67],{"class":66},[44,152748,186],{"class":62},[44,152750,1438],{"class":66},[44,152752,12935],{"class":70},[44,152754,67],{"class":66},[44,152756,186],{"class":62},[44,152758,1438],{"class":66},[44,152760,17285],{"class":70},[44,152762,67],{"class":66},[44,152764,76],{"class":62},[44,152766,152767,152769,152771,152773,152775,152777,152779,152781,152783,152785],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,152768,82],{"class":58},[44,152770,63],{"class":62},[44,152772,17332],{"class":97},[44,152774,504],{"class":62},[44,152776,35673],{"class":97},[44,152778,63],{"class":62},[44,152780,67],{"class":66},[44,152782,22352],{"class":70},[44,152784,67],{"class":66},[44,152786,434],{"class":62},[20,152788,39479,152789,152791],{},[15,152790,109434],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,152793,65335],{},[35,152795,152797],{"className":37,"code":152796,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,152798,152799,152831,152835,152851,152873,152879],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152800,152801,152803,152805,152807,152809,152811,152813,152815,152817,152819,152821,152823,152825,152827,152829],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152802,12901],{"class":50},[44,152804,55],{"class":54},[44,152806,9058],{"class":62},[44,152808,67],{"class":66},[44,152810,12918],{"class":70},[44,152812,67],{"class":66},[44,152814,186],{"class":62},[44,152816,1438],{"class":66},[44,152818,12935],{"class":70},[44,152820,67],{"class":66},[44,152822,186],{"class":62},[44,152824,1438],{"class":66},[44,152826,17285],{"class":70},[44,152828,67],{"class":66},[44,152830,76],{"class":62},[44,152832,152833],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,152834,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,152836,152837,152839,152841,152843,152845,152847,152849],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,152838,6828],{"class":1384},[44,152840,1438],{"class":66},[44,152842,22352],{"class":70},[44,152844,67],{"class":66},[44,152846,21002],{"class":54},[44,152848,12949],{"class":50},[44,152850,1388],{"class":62},[44,152852,152853,152855,152857,152859,152861,152863,152865,152867,152869,152871],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,152854,1416],{"class":58},[44,152856,63],{"class":62},[44,152858,17332],{"class":97},[44,152860,504],{"class":62},[44,152862,35673],{"class":97},[44,152864,63],{"class":62},[44,152866,67],{"class":66},[44,152868,22352],{"class":70},[44,152870,67],{"class":66},[44,152872,434],{"class":62},[44,152874,152875,152877],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,152876,27264],{"class":1384},[44,152878,1388],{"class":62},[44,152880,152881,152883,152885,152887,152890,152892],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,152882,1416],{"class":58},[44,152884,63],{"class":62},[44,152886,67],{"class":66},[44,152888,152889],{"class":70},"Value not found",[44,152891,67],{"class":66},[44,152893,76],{"class":62},[20,152895,1031],{},[35,152897,152899],{"className":37,"code":152898,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Value not found\n",[15,152900,152901],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152902,152903,152906,152908],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152904,152905],{"class":50},"Value ",[44,152907,4457],{"class":54},[44,152909,65459],{"class":50},[20,152911,152912,152913,504],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[491,152914,65469],{"href":65468},[30,152916,8243,152917,1126,152919],{"id":65036},[15,152918,35897],{},[15,152920,52287],{},[20,152922,22,152923,1126,152925,152927],{},[15,152924,35897],{},[15,152926,52287],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,152929,152930],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,152932,145],{},[35,152934,152936],{"className":37,"code":152935,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,152937,152938,152966,152970,152991,153015],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152939,152940,152942,152944,152946,152948,152950,152952,152954,152956,152958,152960,152962,152964],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152941,3644],{"class":50},[44,152943,55],{"class":54},[44,152945,9058],{"class":62},[44,152947,1129],{"class":452},[44,152949,186],{"class":62},[44,152951,5834],{"class":452},[44,152953,186],{"class":62},[44,152955,4431],{"class":452},[44,152957,186],{"class":62},[44,152959,7620],{"class":452},[44,152961,186],{"class":62},[44,152963,4431],{"class":452},[44,152965,76],{"class":62},[44,152967,152968],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,152969,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,152971,152972,152974,152976,152978,152980,152982,152984,152986,152988],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,152973,82],{"class":58},[44,152975,63],{"class":62},[44,152977,5187],{"class":97},[44,152979,504],{"class":62},[44,152981,35673],{"class":97},[44,152983,63],{"class":62},[44,152985,1129],{"class":452},[44,152987,5190],{"class":62},[44,152989,152990],{"class":3483},"        # 0\n",[44,152992,152993,152995,152997,152999,153001,153003,153005,153007,153009,153011,153013],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,152994,82],{"class":58},[44,152996,63],{"class":62},[44,152998,5187],{"class":97},[44,153000,504],{"class":62},[44,153002,35673],{"class":97},[44,153004,63],{"class":62},[44,153006,1129],{"class":452},[44,153008,186],{"class":62},[44,153010,711],{"class":452},[44,153012,5190],{"class":62},[44,153014,50578],{"class":3483},[44,153016,153017,153019,153021,153023,153025,153027,153029,153031,153033,153035,153037,153039,153041],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,153018,82],{"class":58},[44,153020,63],{"class":62},[44,153022,5187],{"class":97},[44,153024,504],{"class":62},[44,153026,35673],{"class":97},[44,153028,63],{"class":62},[44,153030,1129],{"class":452},[44,153032,186],{"class":62},[44,153034,2282],{"class":452},[44,153036,186],{"class":62},[44,153038,4431],{"class":452},[44,153040,5190],{"class":62},[44,153042,50561],{"class":3483},[600,153044,153046],{"id":153045},"how-it-works","How it works",[126,153048,153049,153054,153059],{},[129,153050,153051,153053],{},[15,153052,35897],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[129,153055,153056,153058],{},[15,153057,52287],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[129,153060,22,153061,153063],{},[15,153062,52287],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153065,145],{},[35,153067,153069],{"className":37,"code":153068,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153070,153071,153099,153103],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153072,153073,153075,153077,153079,153081,153083,153085,153087,153089,153091,153093,153095,153097],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153074,3644],{"class":50},[44,153076,55],{"class":54},[44,153078,9058],{"class":62},[44,153080,1129],{"class":452},[44,153082,186],{"class":62},[44,153084,5834],{"class":452},[44,153086,186],{"class":62},[44,153088,4431],{"class":452},[44,153090,186],{"class":62},[44,153092,7620],{"class":452},[44,153094,186],{"class":62},[44,153096,4431],{"class":452},[44,153098,76],{"class":62},[44,153100,153101],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,153102,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,153104,153105,153107,153109,153111,153113,153115,153117,153119,153121,153123,153125,153127],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,153106,82],{"class":58},[44,153108,63],{"class":62},[44,153110,5187],{"class":97},[44,153112,504],{"class":62},[44,153114,35673],{"class":97},[44,153116,63],{"class":62},[44,153118,1129],{"class":452},[44,153120,186],{"class":62},[44,153122,711],{"class":452},[44,153124,186],{"class":62},[44,153126,2287],{"class":452},[44,153128,434],{"class":62},[20,153130,1031],{},[35,153132,153133],{"className":37,"code":16885,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,153134,153135],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153136,153137],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153138,16885],{"class":452},[20,153140,153141,153142,2018,153144,16901,153146,153148,153149,504],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153143,2807],{},[15,153145,1889],{},[15,153147,1894],{},", but not ",[15,153150,1125],{},[30,153152,153154],{"id":153153},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153156,153157,153158,449],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153159,148824],{},[126,153161,153162,153170,153175,153182],{},[129,153163,153164,153165,153167,153168],{},"Do not confuse the ",[3563,153166,354],{}," with the ",[3563,153169,35673],{},[129,153171,153172,153173],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153174,1951],{},[129,153176,103,153177,153181],{},[491,153178,148850,153179,10564],{"href":148902},[15,153180,56918],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[129,153183,153184,153185,153187],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153186,152714],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153189,153190],{},"Example of value vs index:",[35,153192,153194],{"className":37,"code":153193,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153195,153196,153228,153232,153256],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153197,153198,153200,153202,153204,153206,153208,153210,153212,153214,153216,153218,153220,153222,153224,153226],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153199,36064],{"class":50},[44,153201,55],{"class":54},[44,153203,9058],{"class":62},[44,153205,67],{"class":66},[44,153207,3903],{"class":70},[44,153209,67],{"class":66},[44,153211,186],{"class":62},[44,153213,1438],{"class":66},[44,153215,3912],{"class":70},[44,153217,67],{"class":66},[44,153219,186],{"class":62},[44,153221,1438],{"class":66},[44,153223,33046],{"class":70},[44,153225,67],{"class":66},[44,153227,76],{"class":62},[44,153229,153230],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,153231,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,153233,153234,153236,153238,153240,153242,153244,153246,153248,153250,153252,153254],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,153235,82],{"class":58},[44,153237,63],{"class":62},[44,153239,36116],{"class":97},[44,153241,504],{"class":62},[44,153243,35673],{"class":97},[44,153245,63],{"class":62},[44,153247,67],{"class":66},[44,153249,3912],{"class":70},[44,153251,67],{"class":66},[44,153253,5190],{"class":62},[44,153255,27610],{"class":3483},[44,153257,153258,153260,153262,153264,153266,153268,153270],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,153259,82],{"class":58},[44,153261,63],{"class":62},[44,153263,36116],{"class":97},[44,153265,3723],{"class":62},[44,153267,2807],{"class":452},[44,153269,20274],{"class":62},[44,153271,153272],{"class":3483},"               # banana\n",[20,153274,2008],{},[126,153276,153277,153281],{},[129,153278,153279,15074],{},[15,153280,64904],{},[129,153282,153283,153285],{},[15,153284,2807],{}," is the index",[30,153287,1486],{"id":1485},[20,153289,105748,153290,449],{},[15,153291,148824],{},[126,153293,153294,153297,153302,153307,153314],{},[129,153295,153296],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[129,153298,8279,153299,153301],{},[15,153300,58596],{}," to return all matching positions",[129,153303,153304,153305],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153306,1951],{},[129,153308,153309,153310,1126,153312],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153311,35897],{},[15,153313,52287],{},[129,153315,37030,153316,153318],{},[15,153317,148824],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[600,153320,60339],{"id":60338},[20,153322,94010],{},[35,153324,153326],{"className":37,"code":153325,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153327,153328,153338,153352,153367,153385],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153329,153330,153332,153334,153336],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153331,82],{"class":58},[44,153333,63],{"class":62},[44,153335,147637],{"class":97},[44,153337,76],{"class":62},[44,153339,153340,153342,153344,153346,153348,153350],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,153341,82],{"class":58},[44,153343,63],{"class":62},[44,153345,10986],{"class":58},[44,153347,63],{"class":62},[44,153349,147637],{"class":97},[44,153351,434],{"class":62},[44,153353,153354,153356,153358,153360,153362,153365],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,153355,82],{"class":58},[44,153357,63],{"class":62},[44,153359,338],{"class":97},[44,153361,3705],{"class":1384},[44,153363,153364],{"class":97}," my_tuple",[44,153366,76],{"class":62},[44,153368,153369,153371,153373,153375,153377,153379,153381,153383],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,153370,82],{"class":58},[44,153372,63],{"class":62},[44,153374,147637],{"class":97},[44,153376,504],{"class":62},[44,153378,41082],{"class":97},[44,153380,63],{"class":62},[44,153382,354],{"class":97},[44,153384,434],{"class":62},[44,153386,153387,153389,153391,153393,153395,153397,153399,153401],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,153388,82],{"class":58},[44,153390,63],{"class":62},[44,153392,147637],{"class":97},[44,153394,504],{"class":62},[44,153396,35673],{"class":97},[44,153398,63],{"class":62},[44,153400,354],{"class":97},[44,153402,434],{"class":62},[20,153404,153405,153406,84027,153408,153410],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153407,1144],{},[15,153409,354],{}," is missing.",[20,153412,129254],{},[35,153414,153416],{"className":37,"code":153415,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153417,153418,153430,153448,153454],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153419,153420,153422,153424,153426,153428],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153421,6828],{"class":1384},[44,153423,21413],{"class":50},[44,153425,3705],{"class":54},[44,153427,153364],{"class":50},[44,153429,1388],{"class":62},[44,153431,153432,153434,153436,153438,153440,153442,153444,153446],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,153433,1416],{"class":58},[44,153435,63],{"class":62},[44,153437,147637],{"class":97},[44,153439,504],{"class":62},[44,153441,35673],{"class":97},[44,153443,63],{"class":62},[44,153445,354],{"class":97},[44,153447,434],{"class":62},[44,153449,153450,153452],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,153451,27264],{"class":1384},[44,153453,1388],{"class":62},[44,153455,153456,153458,153460,153462,153464,153466],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,153457,1416],{"class":58},[44,153459,63],{"class":62},[44,153461,67],{"class":66},[44,153463,152889],{"class":70},[44,153465,67],{"class":66},[44,153467,76],{"class":62},[30,153469,1651],{"id":1650},[600,153471,4970,153473,12540],{"id":153472},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153474,148824],{},[20,153476,153477],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[600,153479,153481],{"id":153480},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153483,153484,152351],{},[15,153485,148824],{},[600,153487,148803],{"id":148802},[20,153489,76488,153490,504],{},[15,153491,1144],{},[600,153493,153495],{"id":153494},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153497,153498,153499,1126,153501,153503],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153500,35897],{},[15,153502,52287],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[600,153505,14730,153507,56833,153509,213],{"id":153506},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153508,148824],{},[15,153510,64495],{},[20,153512,153513],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[30,153515,1719],{"id":1718},[126,153517,153518,153524,153528,153533,153537],{},[129,153519,153520],{},[491,153521,148850,153522,10564],{"href":148902},[15,153523,56918],{},[129,153525,153526],{},[491,153527,149292],{"href":152718},[129,153529,153530],{},[491,153531,153532],{"href":150598},"Creating a tuple in Python",[129,153534,153535],{},[491,153536,65469],{"href":65468},[129,153538,153539],{},[491,153540,150546],{"href":152356},[1758,153542,153543],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":153545},[153546,153547,153549,153552,153553,153554,153555,153558,153559,153562,153571],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":152263,"depth":79,"text":153548},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250,"children":153550},[153551],{"id":17223,"depth":419,"text":17224},{"id":103009,"depth":79,"text":103010},{"id":152693,"depth":79,"text":152694},{"id":65259,"depth":79,"text":65260},{"id":65036,"depth":79,"text":65819,"children":153556},[153557],{"id":153045,"depth":419,"text":153046},{"id":153153,"depth":79,"text":153154},{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486,"children":153560},[153561],{"id":60338,"depth":419,"text":60339},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":153563},[153564,153566,153567,153568,153569],{"id":153472,"depth":419,"text":153565},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153480,"depth":419,"text":153481},{"id":148802,"depth":419,"text":148803},{"id":153494,"depth":419,"text":153495},{"id":153506,"depth":419,"text":153570},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152158,"description":153572},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153579,"title":153580,"body":153581,"description":154976,"extension":1796,"meta":154977,"navigation":807,"path":152718,"seo":154978,"stem":154979,"__hash__":154980},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153582,"toc":154958},[153583,153586,153589,153592,153606,153608,153611,153705,153715,153721,153725,153728,153731,153733,153751,153753,153824,153826,153843,153847,153851,153854,153871,153874,153889,153891,153982,153985,153989,153992,154009,154011,154106,154109,154112,154116,154119,154213,154215,154234,154237,154241,154244,154246,154301,154303,154338,154341,154355,154363,154456,154465,154469,154472,154479,154482,154529,154531,154539,154542,154593,154595,154612,154617,154621,154624,154627,154629,154680,154683,154738,154741,154744,154746,154749,154769,154771,154844,154847,154860,154862,154866,154871,154875,154880,154897,154901,154904,154921,154925,154928,154930,154955],[10,153584,153580],{"id":153585},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153587,153588],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153590,153591],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[126,153593,153594,153597,153600,153603],{},[129,153595,153596],{},"positive indexes",[129,153598,153599],{},"negative indexes",[129,153601,153602],{},"common indexing mistakes",[129,153604,153605],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[30,153607,3425],{"id":3424},[20,153609,153610],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[35,153612,153614],{"className":37,"code":153613,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153615,153616,153648,153652,153669,153686],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153617,153618,153620,153622,153624,153626,153628,153630,153632,153634,153636,153638,153640,153642,153644,153646],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153619,12901],{"class":50},[44,153621,55],{"class":54},[44,153623,9058],{"class":62},[44,153625,67],{"class":66},[44,153627,12918],{"class":70},[44,153629,67],{"class":66},[44,153631,186],{"class":62},[44,153633,1438],{"class":66},[44,153635,17285],{"class":70},[44,153637,67],{"class":66},[44,153639,186],{"class":62},[44,153641,1438],{"class":66},[44,153643,12935],{"class":70},[44,153645,67],{"class":66},[44,153647,76],{"class":62},[44,153649,153650],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,153651,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,153653,153654,153656,153658,153660,153662,153664,153666],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,153655,82],{"class":58},[44,153657,63],{"class":62},[44,153659,17332],{"class":97},[44,153661,3723],{"class":62},[44,153663,1951],{"class":452},[44,153665,20274],{"class":62},[44,153667,153668],{"class":3483},"   # red\n",[44,153670,153671,153673,153675,153677,153679,153681,153683],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,153672,82],{"class":58},[44,153674,63],{"class":62},[44,153676,17332],{"class":97},[44,153678,3723],{"class":62},[44,153680,2807],{"class":452},[44,153682,20274],{"class":62},[44,153684,153685],{"class":3483},"   # green\n",[44,153687,153688,153690,153692,153694,153696,153698,153700,153702],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,153689,82],{"class":58},[44,153691,63],{"class":62},[44,153693,17332],{"class":97},[44,153695,3723],{"class":62},[44,153697,1854],{"class":54},[44,153699,2807],{"class":452},[44,153701,20274],{"class":62},[44,153703,153704],{"class":3483},"  # blue\n",[126,153706,153707,153712],{},[129,153708,132043,153709,153711],{},[15,153710,1951],{}," is the first item.",[129,153713,153714],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,153716,153717,153718,504],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[491,153719,153720],{"href":147622},"how to create a tuple in Python",[30,153722,153724],{"id":153723},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,153726,153727],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,153729,153730],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,153732,273],{},[126,153734,153735,153738,153745,153748],{},[129,153736,153737],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[129,153739,153740,153741,1134,153743],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,153742,1951],{},[15,153744,2807],{},[129,153746,153747],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[129,153749,153750],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,153752,145],{},[35,153754,153756],{"className":37,"code":153755,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,153757,153758,153778,153782,153796,153810],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153759,153760,153762,153764,153766,153768,153770,153772,153774,153776],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153761,3435],{"class":50},[44,153763,55],{"class":54},[44,153765,9058],{"class":62},[44,153767,2161],{"class":452},[44,153769,186],{"class":62},[44,153771,7620],{"class":452},[44,153773,186],{"class":62},[44,153775,7625],{"class":452},[44,153777,76],{"class":62},[44,153779,153780],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,153781,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,153783,153784,153786,153788,153790,153792,153794],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,153785,82],{"class":58},[44,153787,63],{"class":62},[44,153789,3467],{"class":97},[44,153791,3723],{"class":62},[44,153793,1951],{"class":452},[44,153795,3711],{"class":62},[44,153797,153798,153800,153802,153804,153806,153808],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,153799,82],{"class":58},[44,153801,63],{"class":62},[44,153803,3467],{"class":97},[44,153805,3723],{"class":62},[44,153807,2807],{"class":452},[44,153809,3711],{"class":62},[44,153811,153812,153814,153816,153818,153820,153822],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,153813,82],{"class":58},[44,153815,63],{"class":62},[44,153817,3467],{"class":97},[44,153819,3723],{"class":62},[44,153821,1889],{"class":452},[44,153823,3711],{"class":62},[20,153825,1031],{},[35,153827,153829],{"className":37,"code":153828,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,153830,153831,153835,153839],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153832,153833],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153834,2207],{"class":452},[44,153836,153837],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,153838,70854],{"class":452},[44,153840,153841],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,153842,69470],{"class":452},[20,153844,59021,153845,504],{},[491,153846,147619],{"href":147618},[30,153848,153850],{"id":153849},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,153852,153853],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[126,153855,153856,153861,153866],{},[129,153857,153858,153860],{},[15,153859,1951],{}," = first item",[129,153862,153863,153865],{},[15,153864,2807],{}," = second item",[129,153867,153868,153870],{},[15,153869,1889],{}," = third item",[20,153872,153873],{},"Pattern:",[35,153875,153877],{"className":37,"code":153876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,153878,153879],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153880,153881,153883,153885,153887],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153882,152374],{"class":50},[44,153884,3723],{"class":62},[44,153886,35673],{"class":50},[44,153888,3453],{"class":62},[20,153890,145],{},[35,153892,153894],{"className":37,"code":153893,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,153895,153896,153928,153932,153949,153965],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153897,153898,153900,153902,153904,153906,153908,153910,153912,153914,153916,153918,153920,153922,153924,153926],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153899,36064],{"class":50},[44,153901,55],{"class":54},[44,153903,9058],{"class":62},[44,153905,67],{"class":66},[44,153907,3903],{"class":70},[44,153909,67],{"class":66},[44,153911,186],{"class":62},[44,153913,1438],{"class":66},[44,153915,3912],{"class":70},[44,153917,67],{"class":66},[44,153919,186],{"class":62},[44,153921,1438],{"class":66},[44,153923,3921],{"class":70},[44,153925,67],{"class":66},[44,153927,76],{"class":62},[44,153929,153930],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,153931,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,153933,153934,153936,153938,153940,153942,153944,153946],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,153935,82],{"class":58},[44,153937,63],{"class":62},[44,153939,36116],{"class":97},[44,153941,3723],{"class":62},[44,153943,1951],{"class":452},[44,153945,20274],{"class":62},[44,153947,153948],{"class":3483},"  # apple\n",[44,153950,153951,153953,153955,153957,153959,153961,153963],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,153952,82],{"class":58},[44,153954,63],{"class":62},[44,153956,36116],{"class":97},[44,153958,3723],{"class":62},[44,153960,2807],{"class":452},[44,153962,20274],{"class":62},[44,153964,51112],{"class":3483},[44,153966,153967,153969,153971,153973,153975,153977,153979],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,153968,82],{"class":58},[44,153970,63],{"class":62},[44,153972,36116],{"class":97},[44,153974,3723],{"class":62},[44,153976,1889],{"class":452},[44,153978,20274],{"class":62},[44,153980,153981],{"class":3483},"  # cherry\n",[20,153983,153984],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[30,153986,153988],{"id":153987},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,153990,153991],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[126,153993,153994,153999,154004],{},[129,153995,153996,153998],{},[15,153997,65484],{}," = last item",[129,154000,154001,154003],{},[15,154002,95040],{}," = second-to-last item",[129,154005,154006,154008],{},[15,154007,47295],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154010,145],{},[35,154012,154014],{"className":37,"code":154013,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154015,154016,154048,154052,154070,154088],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154017,154018,154020,154022,154024,154026,154028,154030,154032,154034,154036,154038,154040,154042,154044,154046],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154019,36064],{"class":50},[44,154021,55],{"class":54},[44,154023,9058],{"class":62},[44,154025,67],{"class":66},[44,154027,3903],{"class":70},[44,154029,67],{"class":66},[44,154031,186],{"class":62},[44,154033,1438],{"class":66},[44,154035,3912],{"class":70},[44,154037,67],{"class":66},[44,154039,186],{"class":62},[44,154041,1438],{"class":66},[44,154043,3921],{"class":70},[44,154045,67],{"class":66},[44,154047,76],{"class":62},[44,154049,154050],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,154051,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,154053,154054,154056,154058,154060,154062,154064,154066,154068],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,154055,82],{"class":58},[44,154057,63],{"class":62},[44,154059,36116],{"class":97},[44,154061,3723],{"class":62},[44,154063,1854],{"class":54},[44,154065,2807],{"class":452},[44,154067,20274],{"class":62},[44,154069,153981],{"class":3483},[44,154071,154072,154074,154076,154078,154080,154082,154084,154086],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,154073,82],{"class":58},[44,154075,63],{"class":62},[44,154077,36116],{"class":97},[44,154079,3723],{"class":62},[44,154081,1854],{"class":54},[44,154083,1889],{"class":452},[44,154085,20274],{"class":62},[44,154087,51112],{"class":3483},[44,154089,154090,154092,154094,154096,154098,154100,154102,154104],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,154091,82],{"class":58},[44,154093,63],{"class":62},[44,154095,36116],{"class":97},[44,154097,3723],{"class":62},[44,154099,1854],{"class":54},[44,154101,1894],{"class":452},[44,154103,20274],{"class":62},[44,154105,153948],{"class":3483},[20,154107,154108],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154110,154111],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[30,154113,154115],{"id":154114},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154117,154118],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[35,154120,154122],{"className":37,"code":154121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154123,154124,154156,154160,154177,154194],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154125,154126,154128,154130,154132,154134,154136,154138,154140,154142,154144,154146,154148,154150,154152,154154],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154127,4822],{"class":50},[44,154129,55],{"class":54},[44,154131,9058],{"class":62},[44,154133,67],{"class":66},[44,154135,12705],{"class":70},[44,154137,67],{"class":66},[44,154139,186],{"class":62},[44,154141,1438],{"class":66},[44,154143,35766],{"class":70},[44,154145,67],{"class":66},[44,154147,186],{"class":62},[44,154149,1438],{"class":66},[44,154151,35775],{"class":70},[44,154153,67],{"class":66},[44,154155,76],{"class":62},[44,154157,154158],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,154159,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,154161,154162,154164,154166,154168,154170,154172,154174],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,154163,82],{"class":58},[44,154165,63],{"class":62},[44,154167,4866],{"class":97},[44,154169,3723],{"class":62},[44,154171,1951],{"class":452},[44,154173,20274],{"class":62},[44,154175,154176],{"class":3483},"   # first item\n",[44,154178,154179,154181,154183,154185,154187,154189,154191],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,154180,82],{"class":58},[44,154182,63],{"class":62},[44,154184,4866],{"class":97},[44,154186,3723],{"class":62},[44,154188,2807],{"class":452},[44,154190,20274],{"class":62},[44,154192,154193],{"class":3483},"   # middle item\n",[44,154195,154196,154198,154200,154202,154204,154206,154208,154210],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,154197,82],{"class":58},[44,154199,63],{"class":62},[44,154201,4866],{"class":97},[44,154203,3723],{"class":62},[44,154205,1854],{"class":54},[44,154207,2807],{"class":452},[44,154209,20274],{"class":62},[44,154211,154212],{"class":3483},"  # last item\n",[20,154214,1031],{},[35,154216,154218],{"className":37,"code":154217,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154219,154220,154224,154229],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154221,154222],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154223,49665],{"class":50},[44,154225,154226],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,154227,154228],{"class":50},"Ben\n",[44,154230,154231],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,154232,154233],{"class":50},"Cara\n",[20,154235,154236],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[30,154238,154240],{"id":154239},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154242,154243],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154245,145],{},[35,154247,154249],{"className":37,"code":154248,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154250,154251,154283,154287],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154252,154253,154255,154257,154259,154261,154263,154265,154267,154269,154271,154273,154275,154277,154279,154281],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154254,35915],{"class":50},[44,154256,55],{"class":54},[44,154258,9058],{"class":62},[44,154260,67],{"class":66},[44,154262,491],{"class":70},[44,154264,67],{"class":66},[44,154266,186],{"class":62},[44,154268,1438],{"class":66},[44,154270,4587],{"class":70},[44,154272,67],{"class":66},[44,154274,186],{"class":62},[44,154276,1438],{"class":66},[44,154278,9561],{"class":70},[44,154280,67],{"class":66},[44,154282,76],{"class":62},[44,154284,154285],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,154286,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,154288,154289,154291,154293,154295,154297,154299],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,154290,82],{"class":58},[44,154292,63],{"class":62},[44,154294,35968],{"class":97},[44,154296,3723],{"class":62},[44,154298,1129],{"class":452},[44,154300,3711],{"class":62},[20,154302,1031],{},[35,154304,154306],{"className":37,"code":154305,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154307,154308,154320,154325],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154309,154310,154313,154315,154318],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154311,154312],{"class":97},"Traceback ",[44,154314,63],{"class":62},[44,154316,154317],{"class":97},"most recent call last",[44,154319,8167],{"class":62},[44,154321,154322],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,154323,154324],{"class":34279},"  ...\n",[44,154326,154327,154329,154331,154333,154336],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,154328,70361],{"class":426},[44,154330,449],{"class":62},[44,154332,148985],{"class":426},[44,154334,154335],{"class":50}," index out of ",[44,154337,70553],{"class":58},[20,154339,154340],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[126,154342,154343,154347,154351],{},[129,154344,154345],{},[15,154346,1951],{},[129,154348,154349],{},[15,154350,2807],{},[129,154352,154353],{},[15,154354,1889],{},[20,154356,154357,154358,504],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[491,154359,154360,154362],{"href":148857},[15,154361,42175],{}," on a tuple",[35,154364,154366],{"className":37,"code":154365,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154367,154368,154400,154404,154420,154424,154442],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154369,154370,154372,154374,154376,154378,154380,154382,154384,154386,154388,154390,154392,154394,154396,154398],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154371,35915],{"class":50},[44,154373,55],{"class":54},[44,154375,9058],{"class":62},[44,154377,67],{"class":66},[44,154379,491],{"class":70},[44,154381,67],{"class":66},[44,154383,186],{"class":62},[44,154385,1438],{"class":66},[44,154387,4587],{"class":70},[44,154389,67],{"class":66},[44,154391,186],{"class":62},[44,154393,1438],{"class":66},[44,154395,9561],{"class":70},[44,154397,67],{"class":66},[44,154399,76],{"class":62},[44,154401,154402],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,154403,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,154405,154406,154408,154410,154412,154414,154416,154418],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,154407,82],{"class":58},[44,154409,63],{"class":62},[44,154411,10986],{"class":58},[44,154413,63],{"class":62},[44,154415,35968],{"class":97},[44,154417,5190],{"class":62},[44,154419,50396],{"class":3483},[44,154421,154422],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,154423,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,154425,154426,154428,154430,154432,154434,154436,154438,154440],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,154427,6828],{"class":1384},[44,154429,38212],{"class":58},[44,154431,63],{"class":62},[44,154433,35968],{"class":97},[44,154435,3480],{"class":62},[44,154437,38222],{"class":54},[44,154439,2812],{"class":452},[44,154441,1388],{"class":62},[44,154443,154444,154446,154448,154450,154452,154454],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,154445,1416],{"class":58},[44,154447,63],{"class":62},[44,154449,35968],{"class":97},[44,154451,3723],{"class":62},[44,154453,1889],{"class":452},[44,154455,3711],{"class":62},[20,154457,154458,154459,504],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[491,154460,25509,154462],{"href":154461},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154463,154464],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[30,154466,154468],{"id":154467},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154470,154471],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[126,154473,154474,154476],{},[129,154475,76505],{},[129,154477,154478],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154480,154481],{},"Indexing example:",[35,154483,154485],{"className":37,"code":154484,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154486,154487,154511,154515],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154488,154489,154491,154493,154495,154497,154499,154501,154503,154505,154507,154509],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154490,3435],{"class":50},[44,154492,55],{"class":54},[44,154494,9058],{"class":62},[44,154496,2161],{"class":452},[44,154498,186],{"class":62},[44,154500,7620],{"class":452},[44,154502,186],{"class":62},[44,154504,7625],{"class":452},[44,154506,186],{"class":62},[44,154508,50469],{"class":452},[44,154510,76],{"class":62},[44,154512,154513],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,154514,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,154516,154517,154519,154521,154523,154525,154527],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,154518,82],{"class":58},[44,154520,63],{"class":62},[44,154522,3467],{"class":97},[44,154524,3723],{"class":62},[44,154526,2807],{"class":452},[44,154528,3711],{"class":62},[20,154530,1031],{},[35,154532,154533],{"className":37,"code":70854,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,154534,154535],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154536,154537],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154538,70854],{"class":452},[20,154540,154541],{},"Slicing example:",[35,154543,154545],{"className":37,"code":154544,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154546,154547,154571,154575],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154548,154549,154551,154553,154555,154557,154559,154561,154563,154565,154567,154569],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154550,3435],{"class":50},[44,154552,55],{"class":54},[44,154554,9058],{"class":62},[44,154556,2161],{"class":452},[44,154558,186],{"class":62},[44,154560,7620],{"class":452},[44,154562,186],{"class":62},[44,154564,7625],{"class":452},[44,154566,186],{"class":62},[44,154568,50469],{"class":452},[44,154570,76],{"class":62},[44,154572,154573],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,154574,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,154576,154577,154579,154581,154583,154585,154587,154589,154591],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,154578,82],{"class":58},[44,154580,63],{"class":62},[44,154582,3467],{"class":97},[44,154584,3723],{"class":62},[44,154586,2807],{"class":452},[44,154588,449],{"class":62},[44,154590,1894],{"class":452},[44,154592,3711],{"class":62},[20,154594,1031],{},[35,154596,154598],{"className":37,"code":154597,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154599,154600],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154601,154602,154604,154606,154608,154610],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154603,63],{"class":62},[44,154605,15582],{"class":452},[44,154607,186],{"class":62},[44,154609,7625],{"class":452},[44,154611,76],{"class":62},[20,154613,154614,154615,504],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[491,154616,150536],{"href":150535},[30,154618,154620],{"id":154619},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154622,154623],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154625,154626],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154628,6518],{},[35,154630,154632],{"className":37,"code":154631,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154633,154634,154666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154635,154636,154638,154640,154642,154644,154646,154648,154650,154652,154654,154656,154658,154660,154662,154664],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154637,12901],{"class":50},[44,154639,55],{"class":54},[44,154641,9058],{"class":62},[44,154643,67],{"class":66},[44,154645,12918],{"class":70},[44,154647,67],{"class":66},[44,154649,186],{"class":62},[44,154651,1438],{"class":66},[44,154653,17285],{"class":70},[44,154655,67],{"class":66},[44,154657,186],{"class":62},[44,154659,1438],{"class":66},[44,154661,12935],{"class":70},[44,154663,67],{"class":66},[44,154665,76],{"class":62},[44,154667,154668,154670,154672,154674,154676,154678],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,154669,82],{"class":58},[44,154671,63],{"class":62},[44,154673,17332],{"class":97},[44,154675,3723],{"class":62},[44,154677,2807],{"class":452},[44,154679,3711],{"class":62},[20,154681,154682],{},"But this does not work:",[35,154684,154686],{"className":37,"code":154685,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154687,154688,154720],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154689,154690,154692,154694,154696,154698,154700,154702,154704,154706,154708,154710,154712,154714,154716,154718],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154691,12901],{"class":50},[44,154693,55],{"class":54},[44,154695,9058],{"class":62},[44,154697,67],{"class":66},[44,154699,12918],{"class":70},[44,154701,67],{"class":66},[44,154703,186],{"class":62},[44,154705,1438],{"class":66},[44,154707,17285],{"class":70},[44,154709,67],{"class":66},[44,154711,186],{"class":62},[44,154713,1438],{"class":66},[44,154715,12935],{"class":70},[44,154717,67],{"class":66},[44,154719,76],{"class":62},[44,154721,154722,154724,154726,154728,154730,154732,154734,154736],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,154723,17332],{"class":50},[44,154725,3723],{"class":62},[44,154727,2807],{"class":452},[44,154729,13099],{"class":62},[44,154731,13102],{"class":54},[44,154733,1438],{"class":66},[44,154735,22352],{"class":70},[44,154737,3176],{"class":66},[20,154739,154740],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,154742,154743],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[30,154745,1486],{"id":1485},[20,154747,154748],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[126,154750,154751,154757,154760,154763],{},[129,154752,132347,154753,10916,154755],{},[15,154754,2807],{},[15,154756,1951],{},[129,154758,154759],{},"Using an index that is too large",[129,154761,154762],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[129,154764,154765,154766],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,154767,154768],{},"tuple[index]",[20,154770,61924],{},[35,154772,154774],{"className":37,"code":154773,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,154775,154776,154786,154800,154814,154830],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154777,154778,154780,154782,154784],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154779,82],{"class":58},[44,154781,63],{"class":62},[44,154783,147637],{"class":97},[44,154785,76],{"class":62},[44,154787,154788,154790,154792,154794,154796,154798],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,154789,82],{"class":58},[44,154791,63],{"class":62},[44,154793,10986],{"class":58},[44,154795,63],{"class":62},[44,154797,147637],{"class":97},[44,154799,434],{"class":62},[44,154801,154802,154804,154806,154808,154810,154812],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,154803,82],{"class":58},[44,154805,63],{"class":62},[44,154807,147637],{"class":97},[44,154809,3723],{"class":62},[44,154811,1951],{"class":452},[44,154813,3711],{"class":62},[44,154815,154816,154818,154820,154822,154824,154826,154828],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,154817,82],{"class":58},[44,154819,63],{"class":62},[44,154821,147637],{"class":97},[44,154823,3723],{"class":62},[44,154825,1854],{"class":54},[44,154827,2807],{"class":452},[44,154829,3711],{"class":62},[44,154831,154832,154834,154836,154838,154840,154842],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,154833,82],{"class":58},[44,154835,63],{"class":62},[44,154837,427],{"class":426},[44,154839,63],{"class":62},[44,154841,147637],{"class":97},[44,154843,434],{"class":62},[20,154845,154846],{},"These can help you confirm:",[126,154848,154849,154852,154854,154857],{},[129,154850,154851],{},"what the tuple contains",[129,154853,60413],{},[129,154855,154856],{},"what the first and last items are",[129,154858,154859],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[30,154861,1651],{"id":1650},[600,154863,154865],{"id":154864},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,154867,154868,154869,504],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,154870,1951],{},[600,154872,154874],{"id":154873},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,154876,103,154877,154879],{},[15,154878,65484],{}," as the index:",[35,154881,154883],{"className":37,"code":154882,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,154884,154885],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154886,154887,154889,154891,154893,154895],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154888,147637],{"class":50},[44,154890,3723],{"class":62},[44,154892,1854],{"class":54},[44,154894,2807],{"class":452},[44,154896,3453],{"class":62},[600,154898,154900],{"id":154899},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,154902,154903],{},"Python raises:",[35,154905,154907],{"className":37,"code":154906,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154908,154909],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154910,154911,154913,154915,154917,154919],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154912,70361],{"class":426},[44,154914,449],{"class":62},[44,154916,148985],{"class":426},[44,154918,154335],{"class":50},[44,154920,70553],{"class":58},[600,154922,154924],{"id":154923},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,154926,154927],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[30,154929,1719],{"id":1718},[126,154931,154932,154937,154941,154945,154951],{},[129,154933,154934],{},[491,154935,154936],{"href":147622},"How to create a tuple in Python",[129,154938,154939],{},[491,154940,150536],{"href":150535},[129,154942,154943],{},[491,154944,150541],{"href":148857},[129,154946,154947],{},[491,154948,25952,154949],{"href":154461},[15,154950,154464],{},[129,154952,154953],{},[491,154954,147619],{"href":147618},[1758,154956,154957],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":154959},[154960,154961,154962,154963,154964,154965,154966,154967,154968,154969,154975],{"id":3424,"depth":79,"text":3425},{"id":153723,"depth":79,"text":153724},{"id":153849,"depth":79,"text":153850},{"id":153987,"depth":79,"text":153988},{"id":154114,"depth":79,"text":154115},{"id":154239,"depth":79,"text":154240},{"id":154467,"depth":79,"text":154468},{"id":154619,"depth":79,"text":154620},{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":154970},[154971,154972,154973,154974],{"id":154864,"depth":419,"text":154865},{"id":154873,"depth":419,"text":154874},{"id":154899,"depth":419,"text":154900},{"id":154923,"depth":419,"text":154924},{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153580,"description":154976},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":154982,"title":154983,"body":154984,"description":156873,"extension":1796,"meta":156874,"navigation":807,"path":156875,"seo":156876,"stem":156877,"__hash__":156878},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":154985,"toc":156830},[154986,154992,154997,155048,155052,155060,155066,155068,155084,155086,155089,155104,155106,155119,155121,155178,155182,155190,155197,155203,155209,155213,155264,155268,155276,155280,155309,155313,155321,155325,155358,155362,155370,155374,155377,155428,155432,155440,155442,155459,155463,155467,155526,155530,155538,155541,155568,155572,155580,155584,155590,155665,155669,155706,155714,155718,155781,155785,155793,155798,155802,155808,155851,155855,155863,155869,155872,155919,155923,155931,155940,155946,156001,156005,156013,156016,156020,156022,156053,156057,156076,156079,156124,156128,156151,156157,156162,156164,156211,156216,156219,156267,156271,156279,156283,156288,156292,156342,156346,156361,156365,156423,156427,156442,156446,156517,156521,156530,156534,156613,156617,156639,156647,156649,156652,156677,156679,156732,156734,156751,156753,156757,156763,156768,156773,156777,156782,156786,156791,156797,156800,156802,156827],[10,154987,154989,154990,3480],{"id":154988},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,154991,10986],{},[20,154993,103,154994,154996],{},[15,154995,42175],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[35,154998,155000],{"className":37,"code":154999,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155001,155002,155034],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155003,155004,155006,155008,155010,155012,155014,155016,155018,155020,155022,155024,155026,155028,155030,155032],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155005,12901],{"class":50},[44,155007,55],{"class":54},[44,155009,9058],{"class":62},[44,155011,67],{"class":66},[44,155013,12918],{"class":70},[44,155015,67],{"class":66},[44,155017,186],{"class":62},[44,155019,1438],{"class":66},[44,155021,17285],{"class":70},[44,155023,67],{"class":66},[44,155025,186],{"class":62},[44,155027,1438],{"class":66},[44,155029,12935],{"class":70},[44,155031,67],{"class":66},[44,155033,76],{"class":62},[44,155035,155036,155038,155040,155042,155044,155046],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,155037,82],{"class":58},[44,155039,63],{"class":62},[44,155041,10986],{"class":58},[44,155043,63],{"class":62},[44,155045,17332],{"class":97},[44,155047,434],{"class":62},[20,155049,155050],{},[3563,155051,1031],{},[35,155053,155054],{"className":37,"code":46241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155055,155056],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155057,155058],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155059,46241],{"class":452},[20,155061,103,155062,155065],{},[15,155063,155064],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[30,155067,14990],{"id":14989},[126,155069,155070,155075,155079,155082],{},[129,155071,4023,155072,155074],{},[15,155073,42175],{}," works with tuples",[129,155076,67888,155077,370],{},[15,155078,42175],{},[129,155080,155081],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[129,155083,4344],{},[30,155085,250],{"id":249},[20,155087,155088],{},"Use this pattern:",[35,155090,155092],{"className":37,"code":155091,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155093,155094],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155095,155096,155098,155100,155102],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155097,10986],{"class":58},[44,155099,63],{"class":62},[44,155101,147637],{"class":97},[44,155103,76],{"class":62},[20,155105,273],{},[126,155107,155108,155111,155114],{},[129,155109,155110],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[129,155112,155113],{},"The result is an integer",[129,155115,155116,155118],{},[15,155117,42175],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155120,145],{},[35,155122,155124],{"className":37,"code":155123,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155125,155126,155150,155164,155168],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155127,155128,155130,155132,155134,155136,155138,155140,155142,155144,155146,155148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155129,3435],{"class":50},[44,155131,55],{"class":54},[44,155133,9058],{"class":62},[44,155135,2161],{"class":452},[44,155137,186],{"class":62},[44,155139,7620],{"class":452},[44,155141,186],{"class":62},[44,155143,7625],{"class":452},[44,155145,186],{"class":62},[44,155147,50469],{"class":452},[44,155149,76],{"class":62},[44,155151,155152,155154,155156,155158,155160,155162],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,155153,41064],{"class":50},[44,155155,55],{"class":54},[44,155157,38212],{"class":58},[44,155159,63],{"class":62},[44,155161,3467],{"class":97},[44,155163,76],{"class":62},[44,155165,155166],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,155167,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,155169,155170,155172,155174,155176],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,155171,82],{"class":58},[44,155173,63],{"class":62},[44,155175,41082],{"class":97},[44,155177,76],{"class":62},[20,155179,155180],{},[3563,155181,1031],{},[35,155183,155184],{"className":37,"code":48275,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155185,155186],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155187,155188],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155189,48275],{"class":452},[20,155191,155192,155193,504],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[491,155194,13,155195,1738],{"href":42172},[15,155196,42175],{},[30,155198,113,155200,155202],{"id":155199},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155201,42175],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155204,155205,155206,155208],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155207,42175],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[600,155210,155212],{"id":155211},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[35,155214,155216],{"className":37,"code":155215,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155217,155218,155250],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155219,155220,155222,155224,155226,155228,155230,155232,155234,155236,155238,155240,155242,155244,155246,155248],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155221,36064],{"class":50},[44,155223,55],{"class":54},[44,155225,9058],{"class":62},[44,155227,67],{"class":66},[44,155229,3903],{"class":70},[44,155231,67],{"class":66},[44,155233,186],{"class":62},[44,155235,1438],{"class":66},[44,155237,3912],{"class":70},[44,155239,67],{"class":66},[44,155241,186],{"class":62},[44,155243,1438],{"class":66},[44,155245,33046],{"class":70},[44,155247,67],{"class":66},[44,155249,76],{"class":62},[44,155251,155252,155254,155256,155258,155260,155262],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,155253,82],{"class":58},[44,155255,63],{"class":62},[44,155257,10986],{"class":58},[44,155259,63],{"class":62},[44,155261,36116],{"class":97},[44,155263,434],{"class":62},[20,155265,155266],{},[3563,155267,1031],{},[35,155269,155270],{"className":37,"code":46241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155271,155272],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155273,155274],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155275,46241],{"class":452},[600,155277,155279],{"id":155278},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[35,155281,155283],{"className":37,"code":155282,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155284,155285,155294],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155286,155287,155290,155292],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155288,155289],{"class":50},"empty_tuple ",[44,155291,55],{"class":54},[44,155293,148961],{"class":62},[44,155295,155296,155298,155300,155302,155304,155307],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,155297,82],{"class":58},[44,155299,63],{"class":62},[44,155301,10986],{"class":58},[44,155303,63],{"class":62},[44,155305,155306],{"class":97},"empty_tuple",[44,155308,434],{"class":62},[20,155310,155311],{},[3563,155312,1031],{},[35,155314,155315],{"className":37,"code":46876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155316,155317],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155318,155319],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155320,46876],{"class":452},[600,155322,155324],{"id":155323},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[35,155326,155328],{"className":37,"code":155327,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155329,155330,155343],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155331,155332,155335,155337,155339,155341],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155333,155334],{"class":50},"single_value ",[44,155336,55],{"class":54},[44,155338,9058],{"class":62},[44,155340,1129],{"class":452},[44,155342,148975],{"class":62},[44,155344,155345,155347,155349,155351,155353,155356],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,155346,82],{"class":58},[44,155348,63],{"class":62},[44,155350,10986],{"class":58},[44,155352,63],{"class":62},[44,155354,155355],{"class":97},"single_value",[44,155357,434],{"class":62},[20,155359,155360],{},[3563,155361,1031],{},[35,155363,155364],{"className":37,"code":46541,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155365,155366],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155367,155368],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155369,46541],{"class":452},[600,155371,155373],{"id":155372},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155375,155376],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[35,155378,155380],{"className":37,"code":155379,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155381,155382,155414],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155383,155384,155386,155388,155390,155392,155394,155396,155398,155400,155402,155404,155406,155408,155410,155412],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155385,8988],{"class":50},[44,155387,55],{"class":54},[44,155389,9058],{"class":62},[44,155391,2807],{"class":452},[44,155393,186],{"class":62},[44,155395,9058],{"class":62},[44,155397,1889],{"class":452},[44,155399,186],{"class":62},[44,155401,2282],{"class":452},[44,155403,9055],{"class":62},[44,155405,3440],{"class":62},[44,155407,1125],{"class":452},[44,155409,186],{"class":62},[44,155411,4431],{"class":452},[44,155413,3711],{"class":62},[44,155415,155416,155418,155420,155422,155424,155426],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,155417,82],{"class":58},[44,155419,63],{"class":62},[44,155421,10986],{"class":58},[44,155423,63],{"class":62},[44,155425,9026],{"class":97},[44,155427,434],{"class":62},[20,155429,155430],{},[3563,155431,1031],{},[35,155433,155434],{"className":37,"code":46241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155435,155436],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155437,155438],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155439,46241],{"class":452},[20,155441,228],{},[126,155443,155444,155449,155454],{},[129,155445,155446,155448],{},[15,155447,2807],{}," is one item",[129,155450,155451,155448],{},[15,155452,155453],{},"(2, 3)",[129,155455,155456,155448],{},[15,155457,155458],{},"[4, 5]",[30,155460,155462],{"id":155461},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[600,155464,155466],{"id":155465},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[35,155468,155470],{"className":37,"code":155469,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155471,155472,155512],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155473,155474,155476,155478,155480,155482,155484,155486,155488,155490,155492,155494,155496,155498,155500,155502,155504,155506,155508,155510],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155475,12901],{"class":50},[44,155477,55],{"class":54},[44,155479,9058],{"class":62},[44,155481,67],{"class":66},[44,155483,12918],{"class":70},[44,155485,67],{"class":66},[44,155487,186],{"class":62},[44,155489,1438],{"class":66},[44,155491,17285],{"class":70},[44,155493,67],{"class":66},[44,155495,186],{"class":62},[44,155497,1438],{"class":66},[44,155499,12935],{"class":70},[44,155501,67],{"class":66},[44,155503,186],{"class":62},[44,155505,1438],{"class":66},[44,155507,22352],{"class":70},[44,155509,67],{"class":66},[44,155511,76],{"class":62},[44,155513,155514,155516,155518,155520,155522,155524],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,155515,82],{"class":58},[44,155517,63],{"class":62},[44,155519,10986],{"class":58},[44,155521,63],{"class":62},[44,155523,17332],{"class":97},[44,155525,434],{"class":62},[20,155527,155528],{},[3563,155529,1031],{},[35,155531,155532],{"className":37,"code":48275,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155533,155534],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155535,155536],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155537,48275],{"class":452},[600,155539,155279],{"id":155540},"empty-tuple-1",[35,155542,155544],{"className":37,"code":155543,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155545,155546,155554],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155547,155548,155550,155552],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155549,7609],{"class":50},[44,155551,55],{"class":54},[44,155553,148961],{"class":62},[44,155555,155556,155558,155560,155562,155564,155566],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,155557,82],{"class":58},[44,155559,63],{"class":62},[44,155561,10986],{"class":58},[44,155563,63],{"class":62},[44,155565,7640],{"class":97},[44,155567,434],{"class":62},[20,155569,155570],{},[3563,155571,1031],{},[35,155573,155574],{"className":37,"code":46876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155575,155576],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155577,155578],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155579,46876],{"class":452},[600,155581,155583],{"id":155582},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155585,155586,155587,155589],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[3563,155588,4457],{}," always a tuple.",[35,155591,155593],{"className":37,"code":155592,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155594,155595,155607,155619,155623,155637,155651],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155596,155597,155599,155601,155603,155605],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155598,1070],{"class":50},[44,155600,55],{"class":54},[44,155602,9058],{"class":62},[44,155604,1129],{"class":452},[44,155606,76],{"class":62},[44,155608,155609,155611,155613,155615,155617],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,155610,1089],{"class":50},[44,155612,55],{"class":54},[44,155614,9058],{"class":62},[44,155616,1129],{"class":452},[44,155618,148975],{"class":62},[44,155620,155621],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,155622,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,155624,155625,155627,155629,155631,155633,155635],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,155626,82],{"class":58},[44,155628,63],{"class":62},[44,155630,427],{"class":426},[44,155632,63],{"class":62},[44,155634,491],{"class":97},[44,155636,434],{"class":62},[44,155638,155639,155641,155643,155645,155647,155649],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,155640,82],{"class":58},[44,155642,63],{"class":62},[44,155644,427],{"class":426},[44,155646,63],{"class":62},[44,155648,4587],{"class":97},[44,155650,434],{"class":62},[44,155652,155653,155655,155657,155659,155661,155663],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,155654,82],{"class":58},[44,155656,63],{"class":62},[44,155658,10986],{"class":58},[44,155660,63],{"class":62},[44,155662,4587],{"class":97},[44,155664,434],{"class":62},[20,155666,155667],{},[3563,155668,1031],{},[35,155670,155672],{"className":37,"code":155671,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155673,155674,155688,155702],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155675,155676,155678,155680,155682,155684,155686],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155677,463],{"class":54},[44,155679,467],{"class":466},[44,155681,470],{"class":66},[44,155683,588],{"class":70},[44,155685,476],{"class":66},[44,155687,479],{"class":54},[44,155689,155690,155692,155694,155696,155698,155700],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,155691,463],{"class":54},[44,155693,467],{"class":466},[44,155695,470],{"class":66},[44,155697,48578],{"class":70},[44,155699,476],{"class":66},[44,155701,479],{"class":54},[44,155703,155704],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,155705,46541],{"class":452},[20,155707,155708,155709,1126,155712,504],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[491,155710,155711],{"href":147622},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[491,155713,148923],{"href":148922},[600,155715,155717],{"id":155716},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[35,155719,155721],{"className":37,"code":155720,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,155722,155723,155767],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155724,155725,155727,155729,155731,155733,155735,155737,155739,155741,155743,155745,155747,155749,155751,155753,155755,155757,155759,155761,155763,155765],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155726,59101],{"class":50},[44,155728,55],{"class":54},[44,155730,9058],{"class":62},[44,155732,67],{"class":66},[44,155734,3903],{"class":70},[44,155736,67],{"class":66},[44,155738,186],{"class":62},[44,155740,3440],{"class":62},[44,155742,2807],{"class":452},[44,155744,186],{"class":62},[44,155746,2812],{"class":452},[44,155748,17892],{"class":62},[44,155750,9058],{"class":62},[44,155752,67],{"class":66},[44,155754,2003],{"class":70},[44,155756,67],{"class":66},[44,155758,186],{"class":62},[44,155760,1438],{"class":66},[44,155762,11570],{"class":70},[44,155764,67],{"class":66},[44,155766,434],{"class":62},[44,155768,155769,155771,155773,155775,155777,155779],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,155770,82],{"class":58},[44,155772,63],{"class":62},[44,155774,10986],{"class":58},[44,155776,63],{"class":62},[44,155778,59154],{"class":97},[44,155780,434],{"class":62},[20,155782,155783],{},[3563,155784,1031],{},[35,155786,155787],{"className":37,"code":46241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155788,155789],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155790,155791],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155792,46241],{"class":452},[20,155794,155795,155797],{},[15,155796,42175],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[30,155799,155801],{"id":155800},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[600,155803,155805,155807],{"id":155804},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,155806,42175],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[35,155809,155811],{"className":37,"code":155810,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,155812,155813,155837],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155814,155815,155817,155819,155821,155823,155825,155827,155829,155831,155833,155835],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155816,3894],{"class":50},[44,155818,55],{"class":54},[44,155820,9058],{"class":62},[44,155822,67],{"class":66},[44,155824,63225],{"class":70},[44,155826,67],{"class":66},[44,155828,186],{"class":62},[44,155830,1438],{"class":66},[44,155832,39],{"class":70},[44,155834,67],{"class":66},[44,155836,76],{"class":62},[44,155838,155839,155841,155843,155845,155847,155849],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,155840,82],{"class":58},[44,155842,63],{"class":62},[44,155844,10986],{"class":58},[44,155846,63],{"class":62},[44,155848,3938],{"class":97},[44,155850,434],{"class":62},[20,155852,155853],{},[3563,155854,1031],{},[35,155856,155857],{"className":37,"code":16885,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155858,155859],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155860,155861],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155862,16885],{"class":452},[20,155864,155865,155866,155868],{},"This result is ",[15,155867,1889],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,155870,155871],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[35,155873,155875],{"className":37,"code":155874,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,155876,155877,155901],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155878,155879,155881,155883,155885,155887,155889,155891,155893,155895,155897,155899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155880,3894],{"class":50},[44,155882,55],{"class":54},[44,155884,9058],{"class":62},[44,155886,67],{"class":66},[44,155888,63225],{"class":70},[44,155890,67],{"class":66},[44,155892,186],{"class":62},[44,155894,1438],{"class":66},[44,155896,39],{"class":70},[44,155898,67],{"class":66},[44,155900,76],{"class":62},[44,155902,155903,155905,155907,155909,155911,155913,155915,155917],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,155904,82],{"class":58},[44,155906,63],{"class":62},[44,155908,10986],{"class":58},[44,155910,63],{"class":62},[44,155912,3938],{"class":97},[44,155914,3723],{"class":62},[44,155916,1951],{"class":452},[44,155918,2819],{"class":62},[20,155920,155921],{},[3563,155922,1031],{},[35,155924,155925],{"className":37,"code":16885,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155926,155927],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155928,155929],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155930,16885],{"class":452},[20,155932,20599,155933,155936,155937,504],{},[15,155934,155935],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,155938,155939],{},"\"hi\"",[600,155941,155943,155945],{"id":155942},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,155944,42175],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[35,155947,155949],{"className":37,"code":155948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,155950,155951,155987],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155952,155953,155955,155957,155959,155961,155963,155965,155967,155969,155971,155973,155975,155977,155979,155981,155983,155985],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155954,3644],{"class":50},[44,155956,55],{"class":54},[44,155958,9817],{"class":62},[44,155960,2807],{"class":452},[44,155962,186],{"class":62},[44,155964,2812],{"class":452},[44,155966,9055],{"class":62},[44,155968,9058],{"class":62},[44,155970,1894],{"class":452},[44,155972,186],{"class":62},[44,155974,2287],{"class":452},[44,155976,9055],{"class":62},[44,155978,9058],{"class":62},[44,155980,1129],{"class":452},[44,155982,186],{"class":62},[44,155984,37469],{"class":452},[44,155986,434],{"class":62},[44,155988,155989,155991,155993,155995,155997,155999],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,155990,82],{"class":58},[44,155992,63],{"class":62},[44,155994,10986],{"class":58},[44,155996,63],{"class":62},[44,155998,5187],{"class":97},[44,156000,434],{"class":62},[20,156002,156003],{},[3563,156004,1031],{},[35,156006,156007],{"className":37,"code":46241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156008,156009],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156010,156011],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156012,46241],{"class":452},[20,156014,156015],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[600,156017,156019],{"id":156018},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156021,25520],{},[35,156023,156025],{"className":37,"code":156024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156026,156027,156039],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156028,156029,156031,156033,156035,156037],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156030,338],{"class":50},[44,156032,55],{"class":54},[44,156034,9058],{"class":62},[44,156036,2161],{"class":452},[44,156038,76],{"class":62},[44,156040,156041,156043,156045,156047,156049,156051],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,156042,82],{"class":58},[44,156044,63],{"class":62},[44,156046,427],{"class":426},[44,156048,63],{"class":62},[44,156050,354],{"class":97},[44,156052,434],{"class":62},[20,156054,156055],{},[3563,156056,1031],{},[35,156058,156060],{"className":37,"code":156059,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156061,156062],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156063,156064,156066,156068,156070,156072,156074],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156065,463],{"class":54},[44,156067,467],{"class":466},[44,156069,470],{"class":66},[44,156071,588],{"class":70},[44,156073,476],{"class":66},[44,156075,479],{"class":54},[20,156077,156078],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[35,156080,156082],{"className":37,"code":156081,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156083,156084,156096,156110],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156085,156086,156088,156090,156092,156094],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156087,338],{"class":50},[44,156089,55],{"class":54},[44,156091,9058],{"class":62},[44,156093,2161],{"class":452},[44,156095,148975],{"class":62},[44,156097,156098,156100,156102,156104,156106,156108],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,156099,82],{"class":58},[44,156101,63],{"class":62},[44,156103,427],{"class":426},[44,156105,63],{"class":62},[44,156107,354],{"class":97},[44,156109,434],{"class":62},[44,156111,156112,156114,156116,156118,156120,156122],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,156113,82],{"class":58},[44,156115,63],{"class":62},[44,156117,10986],{"class":58},[44,156119,63],{"class":62},[44,156121,354],{"class":97},[44,156123,434],{"class":62},[20,156125,156126],{},[3563,156127,1031],{},[35,156129,156131],{"className":37,"code":156130,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156132,156133,156147],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156134,156135,156137,156139,156141,156143,156145],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156136,463],{"class":54},[44,156138,467],{"class":466},[44,156140,470],{"class":66},[44,156142,48578],{"class":70},[44,156144,476],{"class":66},[44,156146,479],{"class":54},[44,156148,156149],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,156150,46541],{"class":452},[600,156152,156154,156156],{"id":156153},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156155,10986],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156158,44243,156159,156161],{},[15,156160,10986],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156163,44274],{},[35,156165,156167],{"className":37,"code":156166,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156168,156169,156177,156197],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156170,156171,156173,156175],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156172,10986],{"class":58},[44,156174,13102],{"class":54},[44,156176,2412],{"class":452},[44,156178,156179,156181,156183,156185,156187,156189,156191,156193,156195],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,156180,3435],{"class":50},[44,156182,55],{"class":54},[44,156184,9058],{"class":62},[44,156186,2807],{"class":452},[44,156188,186],{"class":62},[44,156190,2812],{"class":452},[44,156192,186],{"class":62},[44,156194,2282],{"class":452},[44,156196,76],{"class":62},[44,156198,156199,156201,156203,156205,156207,156209],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,156200,82],{"class":58},[44,156202,63],{"class":62},[44,156204,10986],{"class":58},[44,156206,63],{"class":62},[44,156208,3467],{"class":97},[44,156210,434],{"class":62},[20,156212,39479,156213,156215],{},[15,156214,10986],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156217,156218],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[35,156220,156222],{"className":37,"code":156221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156223,156224,156233,156253],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156225,156226,156229,156231],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156227,156228],{"class":50},"length_value ",[44,156230,55],{"class":54},[44,156232,2412],{"class":452},[44,156234,156235,156237,156239,156241,156243,156245,156247,156249,156251],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,156236,3435],{"class":50},[44,156238,55],{"class":54},[44,156240,9058],{"class":62},[44,156242,2807],{"class":452},[44,156244,186],{"class":62},[44,156246,2812],{"class":452},[44,156248,186],{"class":62},[44,156250,2282],{"class":452},[44,156252,76],{"class":62},[44,156254,156255,156257,156259,156261,156263,156265],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,156256,82],{"class":58},[44,156258,63],{"class":62},[44,156260,10986],{"class":58},[44,156262,63],{"class":62},[44,156264,3467],{"class":97},[44,156266,434],{"class":62},[20,156268,156269],{},[3563,156270,1031],{},[35,156272,156273],{"className":37,"code":46241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156274,156275],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156276,156277],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156278,46241],{"class":452},[30,156280,156282],{"id":156281},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156284,156285,156287],{},[15,156286,42175],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[600,156289,156291],{"id":156290},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[35,156293,156295],{"className":37,"code":156294,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156296,156297,156305,156309,156327],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156298,156299,156301,156303],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156300,7609],{"class":50},[44,156302,55],{"class":54},[44,156304,148961],{"class":62},[44,156306,156307],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,156308,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,156310,156311,156313,156315,156317,156319,156321,156323,156325],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,156312,6828],{"class":1384},[44,156314,38212],{"class":58},[44,156316,63],{"class":62},[44,156318,7640],{"class":97},[44,156320,3480],{"class":62},[44,156322,6237],{"class":54},[44,156324,3655],{"class":452},[44,156326,1388],{"class":62},[44,156328,156329,156331,156333,156335,156338,156340],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,156330,1416],{"class":58},[44,156332,63],{"class":62},[44,156334,67],{"class":66},[44,156336,156337],{"class":70},"The tuple is empty",[44,156339,67],{"class":66},[44,156341,76],{"class":62},[20,156343,156344],{},[3563,156345,1031],{},[35,156347,156349],{"className":37,"code":156348,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156350,156351],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156352,156353,156355,156357,156359],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156354,22],{"class":50},[44,156356,48578],{"class":426},[44,156358,7924],{"class":54},[44,156360,7930],{"class":50},[600,156362,156364],{"id":156363},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[35,156366,156368],{"className":37,"code":156367,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156369,156370,156386,156390,156408],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156371,156372,156374,156376,156378,156380,156382,156384],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156373,51011],{"class":50},[44,156375,55],{"class":54},[44,156377,9058],{"class":62},[44,156379,1125],{"class":452},[44,156381,186],{"class":62},[44,156383,5823],{"class":452},[44,156385,76],{"class":62},[44,156387,156388],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,156389,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,156391,156392,156394,156396,156398,156400,156402,156404,156406],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,156393,6828],{"class":1384},[44,156395,38212],{"class":58},[44,156397,63],{"class":62},[44,156399,51036],{"class":97},[44,156401,3480],{"class":62},[44,156403,6237],{"class":54},[44,156405,2812],{"class":452},[44,156407,1388],{"class":62},[44,156409,156410,156412,156414,156416,156419,156421],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,156411,1416],{"class":58},[44,156413,63],{"class":62},[44,156415,67],{"class":66},[44,156417,156418],{"class":70},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[44,156420,67],{"class":66},[44,156422,76],{"class":62},[20,156424,156425],{},[3563,156426,1031],{},[35,156428,156430],{"className":37,"code":156429,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156431,156432],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156433,156434,156437,156439],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156435,156436],{"class":50},"This looks like an x",[44,156438,186],{"class":62},[44,156440,156441],{"class":50}," y coordinate\n",[600,156443,156445],{"id":156444},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[35,156447,156449],{"className":37,"code":156448,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156450,156451,156480,156484,156502],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156452,156453,156455,156457,156459,156461,156463,156465,156467,156469,156471,156473,156476,156478],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156454,11313],{"class":50},[44,156456,55],{"class":54},[44,156458,9058],{"class":62},[44,156460,67],{"class":66},[44,156462,12705],{"class":70},[44,156464,67],{"class":66},[44,156466,186],{"class":62},[44,156468,9127],{"class":452},[44,156470,186],{"class":62},[44,156472,1438],{"class":66},[44,156474,156475],{"class":70},"Canada",[44,156477,67],{"class":66},[44,156479,76],{"class":62},[44,156481,156482],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,156483,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,156485,156486,156488,156490,156492,156494,156496,156498,156500],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,156487,6828],{"class":1384},[44,156489,38212],{"class":58},[44,156491,63],{"class":62},[44,156493,11407],{"class":97},[44,156495,3480],{"class":62},[44,156497,6237],{"class":54},[44,156499,2282],{"class":452},[44,156501,1388],{"class":62},[44,156503,156504,156506,156508,156510,156513,156515],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,156505,1416],{"class":58},[44,156507,63],{"class":62},[44,156509,67],{"class":66},[44,156511,156512],{"class":70},"User record has the expected number of values",[44,156514,67],{"class":66},[44,156516,76],{"class":62},[20,156518,156519],{},[3563,156520,1031],{},[35,156522,156524],{"className":37,"code":156523,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156525,156526],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156527,156528],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156529,156523],{"class":50},[600,156531,156533],{"id":156532},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[35,156535,156537],{"className":37,"code":156536,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156538,156539,156571,156575,156595],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156540,156541,156543,156545,156547,156549,156551,156553,156555,156557,156559,156561,156563,156565,156567,156569],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156542,35915],{"class":50},[44,156544,55],{"class":54},[44,156546,9058],{"class":62},[44,156548,67],{"class":66},[44,156550,491],{"class":70},[44,156552,67],{"class":66},[44,156554,186],{"class":62},[44,156556,1438],{"class":66},[44,156558,4587],{"class":70},[44,156560,67],{"class":66},[44,156562,186],{"class":62},[44,156564,1438],{"class":66},[44,156566,9561],{"class":70},[44,156568,67],{"class":66},[44,156570,76],{"class":62},[44,156572,156573],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,156574,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,156576,156577,156579,156581,156583,156585,156587,156589,156591,156593],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,156578,5787],{"class":1384},[44,156580,69178],{"class":50},[44,156582,3705],{"class":1384},[44,156584,53697],{"class":58},[44,156586,63],{"class":62},[44,156588,10986],{"class":58},[44,156590,63],{"class":62},[44,156592,35968],{"class":97},[44,156594,69193],{"class":62},[44,156596,156597,156599,156601,156603,156605,156607,156609,156611],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,156598,1416],{"class":58},[44,156600,63],{"class":62},[44,156602,35979],{"class":97},[44,156604,186],{"class":62},[44,156606,69726],{"class":97},[44,156608,3723],{"class":62},[44,156610,35979],{"class":97},[44,156612,3711],{"class":62},[20,156614,156615],{},[3563,156616,1031],{},[35,156618,156619],{"className":37,"code":35991,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156620,156621,156627,156633],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156622,156623,156625],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156624,1951],{"class":452},[44,156626,36000],{"class":50},[44,156628,156629,156631],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,156630,2807],{"class":452},[44,156632,36007],{"class":50},[44,156634,156635,156637],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,156636,1889],{"class":452},[44,156638,36014],{"class":50},[20,156640,156641,156642,156644,156645,504],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[491,156643,149292],{"href":149291},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[491,156646,150536],{"href":150535},[30,156648,1486],{"id":1485},[20,156650,156651],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[126,156653,156654,156662,156669,156674],{},[129,156655,156656,156657,10916,156660],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156658,156659],{},"(5)",[15,156661,149126],{},[129,156663,8243,156664,156666,156667],{},[15,156665,10986],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156668,42175],{},[129,156670,8279,156671,156673],{},[15,156672,42175],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[129,156675,156676],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156678,1512],{},[35,156680,156682],{"className":37,"code":156681,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156683,156684,156694,156708,156722],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156685,156686,156688,156690,156692],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156687,82],{"class":58},[44,156689,63],{"class":62},[44,156691,147637],{"class":97},[44,156693,76],{"class":62},[44,156695,156696,156698,156700,156702,156704,156706],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,156697,82],{"class":58},[44,156699,63],{"class":62},[44,156701,427],{"class":426},[44,156703,63],{"class":62},[44,156705,147637],{"class":97},[44,156707,434],{"class":62},[44,156709,156710,156712,156714,156716,156718,156720],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,156711,82],{"class":58},[44,156713,63],{"class":62},[44,156715,10986],{"class":58},[44,156717,63],{"class":62},[44,156719,147637],{"class":97},[44,156721,434],{"class":62},[44,156723,156724,156726,156728,156730],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,156725,31978],{"class":58},[44,156727,63],{"class":62},[44,156729,10986],{"class":58},[44,156731,76],{"class":62},[20,156733,154846],{},[126,156735,156736,156739,156742,156746],{},[129,156737,156738],{},"what value you are using",[129,156740,156741],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[129,156743,25849,156744,370],{},[15,156745,42175],{},[129,156747,123010,156748,156750],{},[15,156749,42175],{}," is documented in Python",[30,156752,1651],{"id":1650},[600,156754,156756],{"id":156755},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,156758,103,156759,156762],{},[15,156760,156761],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[600,156764,1655,156766,148796],{"id":156765},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,156767,42175],{},[20,156769,1661,156770,156772],{},[15,156771,42175],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[600,156774,156776],{"id":156775},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,156778,156779,156780,504],{},"The length is ",[15,156781,1951],{},[600,156783,156785],{"id":156784},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,156787,150482,156788,156790],{},[15,156789,150485],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[600,156792,1655,156794,156796],{"id":156793},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,156795,42175],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,156798,156799],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[30,156801,1719],{"id":1718},[126,156803,156804,156810,156814,156818,156822],{},[129,156805,156806],{},[491,156807,13,156808,1738],{"href":42172},[15,156809,42175],{},[129,156811,156812],{},[491,156813,155711],{"href":147622},[129,156815,156816],{},[491,156817,149292],{"href":149291},[129,156819,156820],{},[491,156821,150536],{"href":150535},[129,156823,156824],{},[491,156825,156826],{"href":148922},"What is a tuple in Python",[1758,156828,156829],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":156831},[156832,156833,156834,156841,156847,156856,156862,156863,156872],{"id":14989,"depth":79,"text":14990},{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":155199,"depth":79,"text":156835,"children":156836},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156837,156838,156839,156840],{"id":155211,"depth":419,"text":155212},{"id":155278,"depth":419,"text":155279},{"id":155323,"depth":419,"text":155324},{"id":155372,"depth":419,"text":155373},{"id":155461,"depth":79,"text":155462,"children":156842},[156843,156844,156845,156846],{"id":155465,"depth":419,"text":155466},{"id":155540,"depth":419,"text":155279},{"id":155582,"depth":419,"text":155583},{"id":155716,"depth":419,"text":155717},{"id":155800,"depth":79,"text":155801,"children":156848},[156849,156851,156853,156854],{"id":155804,"depth":419,"text":156850},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":155942,"depth":419,"text":156852},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156018,"depth":419,"text":156019},{"id":156153,"depth":419,"text":156855},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156281,"depth":79,"text":156282,"children":156857},[156858,156859,156860,156861],{"id":156290,"depth":419,"text":156291},{"id":156363,"depth":419,"text":156364},{"id":156444,"depth":419,"text":156445},{"id":156532,"depth":419,"text":156533},{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":156864},[156865,156866,156868,156869,156870],{"id":156755,"depth":419,"text":156756},{"id":156765,"depth":419,"text":156867},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156775,"depth":419,"text":156776},{"id":156784,"depth":419,"text":156785},{"id":156793,"depth":419,"text":156871},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":154983,"description":156873},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156880,"title":156881,"body":156882,"description":159267,"extension":1796,"meta":159268,"navigation":807,"path":159269,"seo":159270,"stem":159271,"__hash__":159272},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":156883,"toc":159228},[156884,156887,156890,156893,156916,156922,156924,157035,157039,157042,157052,157054,157153,157155,157232,157238,157242,157245,157268,157271,157288,157291,157293,157356,157358,157375,157386,157391,157393,157396,157402,157453,157455,157475,157479,157530,157532,157553,157557,157612,157614,157635,157639,157694,157696,157717,157721,157774,157776,157805,157807,157809,157812,157816,157873,157875,157896,157900,157953,157955,157980,157985,157989,157994,158012,158015,158078,158080,158101,158104,158165,158167,158188,158191,158234,158237,158241,158246,158250,158329,158331,158362,158366,158441,158443,158470,158474,158521,158523,158531,158536,158540,158543,158558,158560,158648,158650,158675,158678,158721,158730,158732,158735,158750,158753,158757,158811,158813,158833,158838,158842,158844,158882,158885,158935,158939,159012,159014,159051,159054,159056,159059,159079,159082,159151,159153,159166,159168,159172,159175,159179,159182,159187,159190,159196,159201,159203,159225],[10,156885,156881],{"id":156886},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,156888,156889],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,156891,156892],{},"Use this format:",[35,156894,156896],{"className":37,"code":156895,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,156897,156898],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156899,156900,156902,156904,156906,156908,156910,156912,156914],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156901,48578],{"class":50},[44,156903,3723],{"class":62},[44,156905,35897],{"class":50},[44,156907,449],{"class":62},[44,156909,75056],{"class":50},[44,156911,449],{"class":62},[44,156913,75059],{"class":50},[44,156915,3453],{"class":62},[20,156917,22,156918,75092,156920,504],{},[15,156919,75056],{},[3563,156921,64699],{},[30,156923,33],{"id":32},[35,156925,156927],{"className":37,"code":156926,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,156928,156929,156957,156961,156982,156999,157016],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156930,156931,156933,156935,156937,156939,156941,156943,156945,156947,156949,156951,156953,156955],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156932,3435],{"class":50},[44,156934,55],{"class":54},[44,156936,9058],{"class":62},[44,156938,2161],{"class":452},[44,156940,186],{"class":62},[44,156942,7620],{"class":452},[44,156944,186],{"class":62},[44,156946,7625],{"class":452},[44,156948,186],{"class":62},[44,156950,50469],{"class":452},[44,156952,186],{"class":62},[44,156954,4908],{"class":452},[44,156956,76],{"class":62},[44,156958,156959],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,156960,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,156962,156963,156965,156967,156969,156971,156973,156975,156977,156979],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,156964,82],{"class":58},[44,156966,63],{"class":62},[44,156968,3467],{"class":97},[44,156970,3723],{"class":62},[44,156972,2807],{"class":452},[44,156974,449],{"class":62},[44,156976,1125],{"class":452},[44,156978,20274],{"class":62},[44,156980,156981],{"class":3483},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[44,156983,156984,156986,156988,156990,156992,156994,156996],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,156985,82],{"class":58},[44,156987,63],{"class":62},[44,156989,3467],{"class":97},[44,156991,75165],{"class":62},[44,156993,1894],{"class":452},[44,156995,20274],{"class":62},[44,156997,156998],{"class":3483},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[44,157000,157001,157003,157005,157007,157009,157011,157013],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,157002,82],{"class":58},[44,157004,63],{"class":62},[44,157006,3467],{"class":97},[44,157008,73752],{"class":62},[44,157010,1889],{"class":452},[44,157012,20274],{"class":62},[44,157014,157015],{"class":3483},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[44,157017,157018,157020,157022,157024,157026,157028,157030,157032],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,157019,82],{"class":58},[44,157021,63],{"class":62},[44,157023,3467],{"class":97},[44,157025,73752],{"class":62},[44,157027,1854],{"class":54},[44,157029,2807],{"class":452},[44,157031,20274],{"class":62},[44,157033,157034],{"class":3483},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[30,157036,157038],{"id":157037},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157040,157041],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[126,157043,157044,157046,157049],{},[129,157045,75359],{},[129,157047,157048],{},"The result is a new tuple",[129,157050,157051],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157053,145],{},[35,157055,157057],{"className":37,"code":157056,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157058,157059,157107,157111,157129,157133,157143],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157060,157061,157063,157065,157067,157069,157071,157073,157075,157077,157079,157081,157083,157085,157087,157089,157091,157093,157095,157097,157099,157101,157103,157105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157062,35915],{"class":50},[44,157064,55],{"class":54},[44,157066,9058],{"class":62},[44,157068,67],{"class":66},[44,157070,491],{"class":70},[44,157072,67],{"class":66},[44,157074,186],{"class":62},[44,157076,1438],{"class":66},[44,157078,4587],{"class":70},[44,157080,67],{"class":66},[44,157082,186],{"class":62},[44,157084,1438],{"class":66},[44,157086,9561],{"class":70},[44,157088,67],{"class":66},[44,157090,186],{"class":62},[44,157092,1438],{"class":66},[44,157094,18598],{"class":70},[44,157096,67],{"class":66},[44,157098,186],{"class":62},[44,157100,1438],{"class":66},[44,157102,60076],{"class":70},[44,157104,67],{"class":66},[44,157106,76],{"class":62},[44,157108,157109],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,157110,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,157112,157113,157115,157117,157119,157121,157123,157125,157127],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,157114,75289],{"class":50},[44,157116,55],{"class":54},[44,157118,69726],{"class":50},[44,157120,3723],{"class":62},[44,157122,2807],{"class":452},[44,157124,449],{"class":62},[44,157126,1125],{"class":452},[44,157128,3453],{"class":62},[44,157130,157131],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,157132,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,157134,157135,157137,157139,157141],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,157136,82],{"class":58},[44,157138,63],{"class":62},[44,157140,75312],{"class":97},[44,157142,76],{"class":62},[44,157144,157145,157147,157149,157151],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,157146,82],{"class":58},[44,157148,63],{"class":62},[44,157150,35968],{"class":97},[44,157152,76],{"class":62},[20,157154,1031],{},[35,157156,157158],{"className":37,"code":157157,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157159,157160,157188],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157161,157162,157164,157166,157168,157170,157172,157174,157176,157178,157180,157182,157184,157186],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157163,63],{"class":62},[44,157165,476],{"class":66},[44,157167,4587],{"class":70},[44,157169,476],{"class":66},[44,157171,186],{"class":62},[44,157173,470],{"class":66},[44,157175,9561],{"class":70},[44,157177,476],{"class":66},[44,157179,186],{"class":62},[44,157181,470],{"class":66},[44,157183,18598],{"class":70},[44,157185,476],{"class":66},[44,157187,76],{"class":62},[44,157189,157190,157192,157194,157196,157198,157200,157202,157204,157206,157208,157210,157212,157214,157216,157218,157220,157222,157224,157226,157228,157230],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,157191,63],{"class":62},[44,157193,476],{"class":66},[44,157195,491],{"class":70},[44,157197,476],{"class":66},[44,157199,186],{"class":62},[44,157201,470],{"class":66},[44,157203,4587],{"class":70},[44,157205,476],{"class":66},[44,157207,186],{"class":62},[44,157209,470],{"class":66},[44,157211,9561],{"class":70},[44,157213,476],{"class":66},[44,157215,186],{"class":62},[44,157217,470],{"class":66},[44,157219,18598],{"class":70},[44,157221,476],{"class":66},[44,157223,186],{"class":62},[44,157225,470],{"class":66},[44,157227,60076],{"class":70},[44,157229,476],{"class":66},[44,157231,76],{"class":62},[20,157233,157234,157235,504],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[491,157236,147619],{"href":157237},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[30,157239,157241],{"id":157240},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157243,157244],{},"The full syntax is:",[35,157246,157248],{"className":37,"code":157247,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157249,157250],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157251,157252,157254,157256,157258,157260,157262,157264,157266],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157253,147637],{"class":50},[44,157255,3723],{"class":62},[44,157257,35897],{"class":50},[44,157259,449],{"class":62},[44,157261,75056],{"class":50},[44,157263,449],{"class":62},[44,157265,75059],{"class":50},[44,157267,3453],{"class":62},[20,157269,157270],{},"Each part has a job:",[126,157272,157273,157278,157283],{},[129,157274,157275,157277],{},[15,157276,35897],{},": where slicing begins",[129,157279,157280,157282],{},[15,157281,75056],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[129,157284,157285,157287],{},[15,157286,75059],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157289,157290],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157292,145],{},[35,157294,157296],{"className":37,"code":157295,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157297,157298,157330,157334],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157299,157300,157302,157304,157306,157308,157310,157312,157314,157316,157318,157320,157322,157324,157326,157328],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157301,3435],{"class":50},[44,157303,55],{"class":54},[44,157305,9058],{"class":62},[44,157307,2161],{"class":452},[44,157309,186],{"class":62},[44,157311,7620],{"class":452},[44,157313,186],{"class":62},[44,157315,7625],{"class":452},[44,157317,186],{"class":62},[44,157319,50469],{"class":452},[44,157321,186],{"class":62},[44,157323,4908],{"class":452},[44,157325,186],{"class":62},[44,157327,75730],{"class":452},[44,157329,76],{"class":62},[44,157331,157332],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,157333,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,157335,157336,157338,157340,157342,157344,157346,157348,157350,157352,157354],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,157337,82],{"class":58},[44,157339,63],{"class":62},[44,157341,3467],{"class":97},[44,157343,3723],{"class":62},[44,157345,2807],{"class":452},[44,157347,449],{"class":62},[44,157349,1129],{"class":452},[44,157351,449],{"class":62},[44,157353,1889],{"class":452},[44,157355,3711],{"class":62},[20,157357,1031],{},[35,157359,157361],{"className":37,"code":157360,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157362,157363],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157364,157365,157367,157369,157371,157373],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157366,63],{"class":62},[44,157368,15582],{"class":452},[44,157370,186],{"class":62},[44,157372,50469],{"class":452},[44,157374,76],{"class":62},[20,157376,157377,157378,157380,157381,157383,157384,504],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157379,2807],{},", stops before index ",[15,157382,1129],{},", and moves by ",[15,157385,1889],{},[20,157387,157388,157389,504],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[491,157390,149292],{"href":152718},[30,157392,75646],{"id":75645},[20,157394,157395],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[600,157397,157399,157400,5795],{"id":157398},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157401,75660],{},[35,157403,157405],{"className":37,"code":157404,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157406,157407,157435,157439],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157408,157409,157411,157413,157415,157417,157419,157421,157423,157425,157427,157429,157431,157433],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157410,3435],{"class":50},[44,157412,55],{"class":54},[44,157414,9058],{"class":62},[44,157416,2161],{"class":452},[44,157418,186],{"class":62},[44,157420,7620],{"class":452},[44,157422,186],{"class":62},[44,157424,7625],{"class":452},[44,157426,186],{"class":62},[44,157428,50469],{"class":452},[44,157430,186],{"class":62},[44,157432,4908],{"class":452},[44,157434,76],{"class":62},[44,157436,157437],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,157438,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,157440,157441,157443,157445,157447,157449,157451],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,157442,82],{"class":58},[44,157444,63],{"class":62},[44,157446,3467],{"class":97},[44,157448,75165],{"class":62},[44,157450,1894],{"class":452},[44,157452,3711],{"class":62},[20,157454,1031],{},[35,157456,157457],{"className":37,"code":150984,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,157458,157459],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157460,157461,157463,157465,157467,157469,157471,157473],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157462,63],{"class":62},[44,157464,2161],{"class":452},[44,157466,186],{"class":62},[44,157468,7620],{"class":452},[44,157470,186],{"class":62},[44,157472,7625],{"class":452},[44,157474,76],{"class":62},[600,157476,157478],{"id":157477},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[35,157480,157482],{"className":37,"code":157481,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157483,157484,157512,157516],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157485,157486,157488,157490,157492,157494,157496,157498,157500,157502,157504,157506,157508,157510],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157487,3435],{"class":50},[44,157489,55],{"class":54},[44,157491,9058],{"class":62},[44,157493,2161],{"class":452},[44,157495,186],{"class":62},[44,157497,7620],{"class":452},[44,157499,186],{"class":62},[44,157501,7625],{"class":452},[44,157503,186],{"class":62},[44,157505,50469],{"class":452},[44,157507,186],{"class":62},[44,157509,4908],{"class":452},[44,157511,76],{"class":62},[44,157513,157514],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,157515,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,157517,157518,157520,157522,157524,157526,157528],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,157519,82],{"class":58},[44,157521,63],{"class":62},[44,157523,3467],{"class":97},[44,157525,3723],{"class":62},[44,157527,1889],{"class":452},[44,157529,77346],{"class":62},[20,157531,1031],{},[35,157533,157535],{"className":37,"code":157534,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157536,157537],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157538,157539,157541,157543,157545,157547,157549,157551],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157540,63],{"class":62},[44,157542,36667],{"class":452},[44,157544,186],{"class":62},[44,157546,50469],{"class":452},[44,157548,186],{"class":62},[44,157550,4908],{"class":452},[44,157552,76],{"class":62},[600,157554,157556],{"id":157555},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[35,157558,157560],{"className":37,"code":157559,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157561,157562,157590,157594],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157563,157564,157566,157568,157570,157572,157574,157576,157578,157580,157582,157584,157586,157588],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157565,3435],{"class":50},[44,157567,55],{"class":54},[44,157569,9058],{"class":62},[44,157571,2161],{"class":452},[44,157573,186],{"class":62},[44,157575,7620],{"class":452},[44,157577,186],{"class":62},[44,157579,7625],{"class":452},[44,157581,186],{"class":62},[44,157583,50469],{"class":452},[44,157585,186],{"class":62},[44,157587,4908],{"class":452},[44,157589,76],{"class":62},[44,157591,157592],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,157593,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,157595,157596,157598,157600,157602,157604,157606,157608,157610],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,157597,82],{"class":58},[44,157599,63],{"class":62},[44,157601,3467],{"class":97},[44,157603,3723],{"class":62},[44,157605,2807],{"class":452},[44,157607,449],{"class":62},[44,157609,1125],{"class":452},[44,157611,3711],{"class":62},[20,157613,1031],{},[35,157615,157617],{"className":37,"code":157616,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157618,157619],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157620,157621,157623,157625,157627,157629,157631,157633],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157622,63],{"class":62},[44,157624,15582],{"class":452},[44,157626,186],{"class":62},[44,157628,7625],{"class":452},[44,157630,186],{"class":62},[44,157632,50469],{"class":452},[44,157634,76],{"class":62},[600,157636,157638],{"id":157637},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[35,157640,157642],{"className":37,"code":157641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157643,157644,157676,157680],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157645,157646,157648,157650,157652,157654,157656,157658,157660,157662,157664,157666,157668,157670,157672,157674],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157647,3435],{"class":50},[44,157649,55],{"class":54},[44,157651,9058],{"class":62},[44,157653,2161],{"class":452},[44,157655,186],{"class":62},[44,157657,7620],{"class":452},[44,157659,186],{"class":62},[44,157661,7625],{"class":452},[44,157663,186],{"class":62},[44,157665,50469],{"class":452},[44,157667,186],{"class":62},[44,157669,4908],{"class":452},[44,157671,186],{"class":62},[44,157673,75730],{"class":452},[44,157675,76],{"class":62},[44,157677,157678],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,157679,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,157681,157682,157684,157686,157688,157690,157692],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,157683,82],{"class":58},[44,157685,63],{"class":62},[44,157687,3467],{"class":97},[44,157689,73752],{"class":62},[44,157691,1889],{"class":452},[44,157693,3711],{"class":62},[20,157695,1031],{},[35,157697,157699],{"className":37,"code":157698,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157700,157701],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157702,157703,157705,157707,157709,157711,157713,157715],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157704,63],{"class":62},[44,157706,2161],{"class":452},[44,157708,186],{"class":62},[44,157710,7625],{"class":452},[44,157712,186],{"class":62},[44,157714,4908],{"class":452},[44,157716,76],{"class":62},[600,157718,157720],{"id":157719},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[35,157722,157724],{"className":37,"code":157723,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,157725,157726,157754,157758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157727,157728,157730,157732,157734,157736,157738,157740,157742,157744,157746,157748,157750,157752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157729,3435],{"class":50},[44,157731,55],{"class":54},[44,157733,9058],{"class":62},[44,157735,2161],{"class":452},[44,157737,186],{"class":62},[44,157739,7620],{"class":452},[44,157741,186],{"class":62},[44,157743,7625],{"class":452},[44,157745,186],{"class":62},[44,157747,50469],{"class":452},[44,157749,186],{"class":62},[44,157751,4908],{"class":452},[44,157753,76],{"class":62},[44,157755,157756],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,157757,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,157759,157760,157762,157764,157766,157768,157770,157772],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,157761,82],{"class":58},[44,157763,63],{"class":62},[44,157765,3467],{"class":97},[44,157767,73752],{"class":62},[44,157769,1854],{"class":54},[44,157771,2807],{"class":452},[44,157773,3711],{"class":62},[20,157775,1031],{},[35,157777,157779],{"className":37,"code":157778,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157780,157781],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157782,157783,157785,157787,157789,157791,157793,157795,157797,157799,157801,157803],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157784,63],{"class":62},[44,157786,76424],{"class":452},[44,157788,186],{"class":62},[44,157790,50469],{"class":452},[44,157792,186],{"class":62},[44,157794,7625],{"class":452},[44,157796,186],{"class":62},[44,157798,7620],{"class":452},[44,157800,186],{"class":62},[44,157802,5834],{"class":452},[44,157804,76],{"class":62},[30,157806,75940],{"id":75939},[20,157808,153991],{},[20,157810,157811],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[600,157813,157815],{"id":157814},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[35,157817,157819],{"className":37,"code":157818,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,157820,157821,157853,157857],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157822,157823,157825,157827,157829,157831,157833,157835,157837,157839,157841,157843,157845,157847,157849,157851],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157824,3435],{"class":50},[44,157826,55],{"class":54},[44,157828,9058],{"class":62},[44,157830,2161],{"class":452},[44,157832,186],{"class":62},[44,157834,7620],{"class":452},[44,157836,186],{"class":62},[44,157838,7625],{"class":452},[44,157840,186],{"class":62},[44,157842,50469],{"class":452},[44,157844,186],{"class":62},[44,157846,4908],{"class":452},[44,157848,186],{"class":62},[44,157850,75730],{"class":452},[44,157852,76],{"class":62},[44,157854,157855],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,157856,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,157858,157859,157861,157863,157865,157867,157869,157871],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,157860,82],{"class":58},[44,157862,63],{"class":62},[44,157864,3467],{"class":97},[44,157866,3723],{"class":62},[44,157868,1854],{"class":54},[44,157870,1894],{"class":452},[44,157872,77346],{"class":62},[20,157874,1031],{},[35,157876,157878],{"className":37,"code":157877,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,157879,157880],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157881,157882,157884,157886,157888,157890,157892,157894],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157883,63],{"class":62},[44,157885,56320],{"class":452},[44,157887,186],{"class":62},[44,157889,4908],{"class":452},[44,157891,186],{"class":62},[44,157893,75730],{"class":452},[44,157895,76],{"class":62},[600,157897,157899],{"id":157898},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[35,157901,157903],{"className":37,"code":157902,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,157904,157905,157933,157937],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157906,157907,157909,157911,157913,157915,157917,157919,157921,157923,157925,157927,157929,157931],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157908,3435],{"class":50},[44,157910,55],{"class":54},[44,157912,9058],{"class":62},[44,157914,2161],{"class":452},[44,157916,186],{"class":62},[44,157918,7620],{"class":452},[44,157920,186],{"class":62},[44,157922,7625],{"class":452},[44,157924,186],{"class":62},[44,157926,50469],{"class":452},[44,157928,186],{"class":62},[44,157930,4908],{"class":452},[44,157932,76],{"class":62},[44,157934,157935],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,157936,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,157938,157939,157941,157943,157945,157947,157949,157951],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,157940,82],{"class":58},[44,157942,63],{"class":62},[44,157944,3467],{"class":97},[44,157946,75165],{"class":62},[44,157948,1854],{"class":54},[44,157950,2807],{"class":452},[44,157952,3711],{"class":62},[20,157954,1031],{},[35,157956,157958],{"className":37,"code":157957,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157959,157960],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157961,157962,157964,157966,157968,157970,157972,157974,157976,157978],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157963,63],{"class":62},[44,157965,2161],{"class":452},[44,157967,186],{"class":62},[44,157969,7620],{"class":452},[44,157971,186],{"class":62},[44,157973,7625],{"class":452},[44,157975,186],{"class":62},[44,157977,50469],{"class":452},[44,157979,76],{"class":62},[20,157981,157982,157983,504],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[491,157984,150541],{"href":156875},[30,157986,157988],{"id":157987},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,157990,22,157991,157993],{},[15,157992,75059],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[126,157995,157996,157998,158000,158006],{},[129,157997,76196],{},[129,157999,76199],{},[129,158001,158002,158005],{},[15,158003,158004],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[129,158007,158008,158009,158011],{},"A step of ",[15,158010,1951],{}," is not allowed",[20,158013,158014],{},"Example with a positive step:",[35,158016,158018],{"className":37,"code":158017,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158019,158020,158052,158056],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158021,158022,158024,158026,158028,158030,158032,158034,158036,158038,158040,158042,158044,158046,158048,158050],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158023,3435],{"class":50},[44,158025,55],{"class":54},[44,158027,9058],{"class":62},[44,158029,2161],{"class":452},[44,158031,186],{"class":62},[44,158033,7620],{"class":452},[44,158035,186],{"class":62},[44,158037,7625],{"class":452},[44,158039,186],{"class":62},[44,158041,50469],{"class":452},[44,158043,186],{"class":62},[44,158045,4908],{"class":452},[44,158047,186],{"class":62},[44,158049,75730],{"class":452},[44,158051,76],{"class":62},[44,158053,158054],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,158055,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,158057,158058,158060,158062,158064,158066,158068,158070,158072,158074,158076],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,158059,82],{"class":58},[44,158061,63],{"class":62},[44,158063,3467],{"class":97},[44,158065,3723],{"class":62},[44,158067,2807],{"class":452},[44,158069,449],{"class":62},[44,158071,80224],{"class":452},[44,158073,449],{"class":62},[44,158075,1889],{"class":452},[44,158077,3711],{"class":62},[20,158079,1031],{},[35,158081,158083],{"className":37,"code":158082,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158084,158085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158086,158087,158089,158091,158093,158095,158097,158099],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158088,63],{"class":62},[44,158090,15582],{"class":452},[44,158092,186],{"class":62},[44,158094,50469],{"class":452},[44,158096,186],{"class":62},[44,158098,75730],{"class":452},[44,158100,76],{"class":62},[20,158102,158103],{},"Example with a negative step:",[35,158105,158107],{"className":37,"code":158106,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158108,158109,158137,158141],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158110,158111,158113,158115,158117,158119,158121,158123,158125,158127,158129,158131,158133,158135],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158112,3435],{"class":50},[44,158114,55],{"class":54},[44,158116,9058],{"class":62},[44,158118,2161],{"class":452},[44,158120,186],{"class":62},[44,158122,7620],{"class":452},[44,158124,186],{"class":62},[44,158126,7625],{"class":452},[44,158128,186],{"class":62},[44,158130,50469],{"class":452},[44,158132,186],{"class":62},[44,158134,4908],{"class":452},[44,158136,76],{"class":62},[44,158138,158139],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,158140,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,158142,158143,158145,158147,158149,158151,158153,158155,158157,158159,158161,158163],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,158144,82],{"class":58},[44,158146,63],{"class":62},[44,158148,3467],{"class":97},[44,158150,3723],{"class":62},[44,158152,1125],{"class":452},[44,158154,449],{"class":62},[44,158156,2807],{"class":452},[44,158158,449],{"class":62},[44,158160,1854],{"class":54},[44,158162,2807],{"class":452},[44,158164,3711],{"class":62},[20,158166,1031],{},[35,158168,158170],{"className":37,"code":158169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158171,158172],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158173,158174,158176,158178,158180,158182,158184,158186],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158175,63],{"class":62},[44,158177,76424],{"class":452},[44,158179,186],{"class":62},[44,158181,50469],{"class":452},[44,158183,186],{"class":62},[44,158185,7625],{"class":452},[44,158187,76],{"class":62},[20,158189,158190],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[35,158192,158194],{"className":37,"code":158193,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158195,158196,158216,158220],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158197,158198,158200,158202,158204,158206,158208,158210,158212,158214],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158199,3435],{"class":50},[44,158201,55],{"class":54},[44,158203,9058],{"class":62},[44,158205,2161],{"class":452},[44,158207,186],{"class":62},[44,158209,7620],{"class":452},[44,158211,186],{"class":62},[44,158213,7625],{"class":452},[44,158215,76],{"class":62},[44,158217,158218],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,158219,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,158221,158222,158224,158226,158228,158230,158232],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,158223,82],{"class":58},[44,158225,63],{"class":62},[44,158227,3467],{"class":97},[44,158229,73752],{"class":62},[44,158231,1951],{"class":452},[44,158233,3711],{"class":62},[20,158235,158236],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[30,158238,158240],{"id":158239},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158242,158243,158244,33567],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[3563,158245,48578],{},[600,158247,158249],{"id":158248},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[35,158251,158253],{"className":37,"code":158252,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158254,158255,158279,158283,158301,158305,158315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158256,158257,158259,158261,158263,158265,158267,158269,158271,158273,158275,158277],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158258,3435],{"class":50},[44,158260,55],{"class":54},[44,158262,9058],{"class":62},[44,158264,2161],{"class":452},[44,158266,186],{"class":62},[44,158268,7620],{"class":452},[44,158270,186],{"class":62},[44,158272,7625],{"class":452},[44,158274,186],{"class":62},[44,158276,50469],{"class":452},[44,158278,76],{"class":62},[44,158280,158281],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,158282,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,158284,158285,158287,158289,158291,158293,158295,158297,158299],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,158286,2059],{"class":50},[44,158288,55],{"class":54},[44,158290,4088],{"class":50},[44,158292,3723],{"class":62},[44,158294,2807],{"class":452},[44,158296,449],{"class":62},[44,158298,1894],{"class":452},[44,158300,3453],{"class":62},[44,158302,158303],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,158304,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,158306,158307,158309,158311,158313],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,158308,82],{"class":58},[44,158310,63],{"class":62},[44,158312,2094],{"class":97},[44,158314,76],{"class":62},[44,158316,158317,158319,158321,158323,158325,158327],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,158318,82],{"class":58},[44,158320,63],{"class":62},[44,158322,427],{"class":426},[44,158324,63],{"class":62},[44,158326,2094],{"class":97},[44,158328,434],{"class":62},[20,158330,1031],{},[35,158332,158334],{"className":37,"code":158333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158335,158336,158348],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158337,158338,158340,158342,158344,158346],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158339,63],{"class":62},[44,158341,15582],{"class":452},[44,158343,186],{"class":62},[44,158345,7625],{"class":452},[44,158347,76],{"class":62},[44,158349,158350,158352,158354,158356,158358,158360],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,158351,463],{"class":54},[44,158353,467],{"class":466},[44,158355,470],{"class":66},[44,158357,48578],{"class":70},[44,158359,476],{"class":66},[44,158361,479],{"class":54},[600,158363,158365],{"id":158364},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[35,158367,158369],{"className":37,"code":158368,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158370,158371,158391,158395,158413,158417,158427],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158372,158373,158375,158377,158379,158381,158383,158385,158387,158389],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158374,3435],{"class":50},[44,158376,55],{"class":54},[44,158378,9058],{"class":62},[44,158380,2161],{"class":452},[44,158382,186],{"class":62},[44,158384,7620],{"class":452},[44,158386,186],{"class":62},[44,158388,7625],{"class":452},[44,158390,76],{"class":62},[44,158392,158393],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,158394,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,158396,158397,158399,158401,158403,158405,158407,158409,158411],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,158398,2059],{"class":50},[44,158400,55],{"class":54},[44,158402,4088],{"class":50},[44,158404,3723],{"class":62},[44,158406,2807],{"class":452},[44,158408,449],{"class":62},[44,158410,1889],{"class":452},[44,158412,3453],{"class":62},[44,158414,158415],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,158416,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,158418,158419,158421,158423,158425],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,158420,82],{"class":58},[44,158422,63],{"class":62},[44,158424,2094],{"class":97},[44,158426,76],{"class":62},[44,158428,158429,158431,158433,158435,158437,158439],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,158430,82],{"class":58},[44,158432,63],{"class":62},[44,158434,427],{"class":426},[44,158436,63],{"class":62},[44,158438,2094],{"class":97},[44,158440,434],{"class":62},[20,158442,1031],{},[35,158444,158446],{"className":37,"code":158445,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158447,158448,158456],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158449,158450,158452,158454],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158451,63],{"class":62},[44,158453,15582],{"class":452},[44,158455,148975],{"class":62},[44,158457,158458,158460,158462,158464,158466,158468],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,158459,463],{"class":54},[44,158461,467],{"class":466},[44,158463,470],{"class":66},[44,158465,48578],{"class":70},[44,158467,476],{"class":66},[44,158469,479],{"class":54},[600,158471,158473],{"id":158472},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[35,158475,158477],{"className":37,"code":158476,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158478,158479,158499,158503],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158480,158481,158483,158485,158487,158489,158491,158493,158495,158497],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158482,3435],{"class":50},[44,158484,55],{"class":54},[44,158486,9058],{"class":62},[44,158488,2161],{"class":452},[44,158490,186],{"class":62},[44,158492,7620],{"class":452},[44,158494,186],{"class":62},[44,158496,7625],{"class":452},[44,158498,76],{"class":62},[44,158500,158501],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,158502,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,158504,158505,158507,158509,158511,158513,158515,158517,158519],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,158506,82],{"class":58},[44,158508,63],{"class":62},[44,158510,3467],{"class":97},[44,158512,3723],{"class":62},[44,158514,1129],{"class":452},[44,158516,449],{"class":62},[44,158518,2176],{"class":452},[44,158520,3711],{"class":62},[20,158522,1031],{},[35,158524,158525],{"className":37,"code":345,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,158526,158527],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158528,158529],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158530,345],{"class":62},[20,158532,158533,158534,504],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[491,158535,155711],{"href":150598},[30,158537,158539],{"id":158538},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158541,158542],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[126,158544,158545,158547,158550,158555],{},[129,158546,76505],{},[129,158548,158549],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[129,158551,158552,158553],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158554,70361],{},[129,158556,158557],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158559,145],{},[35,158561,158563],{"className":37,"code":158562,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158564,158565,158585,158589,158606,158627],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158566,158567,158569,158571,158573,158575,158577,158579,158581,158583],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158568,3435],{"class":50},[44,158570,55],{"class":54},[44,158572,9058],{"class":62},[44,158574,2161],{"class":452},[44,158576,186],{"class":62},[44,158578,7620],{"class":452},[44,158580,186],{"class":62},[44,158582,7625],{"class":452},[44,158584,76],{"class":62},[44,158586,158587],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,158588,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,158590,158591,158593,158595,158597,158599,158601,158603],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,158592,82],{"class":58},[44,158594,63],{"class":62},[44,158596,3467],{"class":97},[44,158598,3723],{"class":62},[44,158600,2807],{"class":452},[44,158602,20274],{"class":62},[44,158604,158605],{"class":3483},"    # one item\n",[44,158607,158608,158610,158612,158614,158616,158618,158620,158622,158624],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,158609,82],{"class":58},[44,158611,63],{"class":62},[44,158613,3467],{"class":97},[44,158615,3723],{"class":62},[44,158617,2807],{"class":452},[44,158619,449],{"class":62},[44,158621,1129],{"class":452},[44,158623,20274],{"class":62},[44,158625,158626],{"class":3483},"  # slice\n",[44,158628,158629,158631,158633,158635,158637,158639,158641,158643,158645],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,158630,82],{"class":58},[44,158632,63],{"class":62},[44,158634,3467],{"class":97},[44,158636,3723],{"class":62},[44,158638,1129],{"class":452},[44,158640,449],{"class":62},[44,158642,2176],{"class":452},[44,158644,20274],{"class":62},[44,158646,158647],{"class":3483},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158649,1031],{},[35,158651,158653],{"className":37,"code":158652,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158654,158655,158659,158671],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158656,158657],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158658,70854],{"class":452},[44,158660,158661,158663,158665,158667,158669],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,158662,63],{"class":62},[44,158664,15582],{"class":452},[44,158666,186],{"class":62},[44,158668,7625],{"class":452},[44,158670,76],{"class":62},[44,158672,158673],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,158674,345],{"class":62},[20,158676,158677],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[35,158679,158681],{"className":37,"code":158680,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158682,158683,158703,158707],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158684,158685,158687,158689,158691,158693,158695,158697,158699,158701],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158686,3435],{"class":50},[44,158688,55],{"class":54},[44,158690,9058],{"class":62},[44,158692,2161],{"class":452},[44,158694,186],{"class":62},[44,158696,7620],{"class":452},[44,158698,186],{"class":62},[44,158700,7625],{"class":452},[44,158702,76],{"class":62},[44,158704,158705],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,158706,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,158708,158709,158711,158713,158715,158717,158719],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,158710,82],{"class":58},[44,158712,63],{"class":62},[44,158714,3467],{"class":97},[44,158716,3723],{"class":62},[44,158718,1129],{"class":452},[44,158720,3711],{"class":62},[20,158722,158723,158724,158726,158727,504],{},"This raises an ",[15,158725,70361],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[491,158728,154464],{"href":158729},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[30,158731,15004],{"id":76772},[20,158733,158734],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[126,158736,158737,158740,158742,158745],{},[129,158738,158739],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[129,158741,60321],{},[129,158743,158744],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[129,158746,158747,158748],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,158749,1951],{},[20,158751,158752],{},"Here are a few examples.",[600,158754,158756],{"id":158755},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[35,158758,158759],{"className":37,"code":157559,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,158760,158761,158789,158793],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158762,158763,158765,158767,158769,158771,158773,158775,158777,158779,158781,158783,158785,158787],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158764,3435],{"class":50},[44,158766,55],{"class":54},[44,158768,9058],{"class":62},[44,158770,2161],{"class":452},[44,158772,186],{"class":62},[44,158774,7620],{"class":452},[44,158776,186],{"class":62},[44,158778,7625],{"class":452},[44,158780,186],{"class":62},[44,158782,50469],{"class":452},[44,158784,186],{"class":62},[44,158786,4908],{"class":452},[44,158788,76],{"class":62},[44,158790,158791],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,158792,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,158794,158795,158797,158799,158801,158803,158805,158807,158809],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,158796,82],{"class":58},[44,158798,63],{"class":62},[44,158800,3467],{"class":97},[44,158802,3723],{"class":62},[44,158804,2807],{"class":452},[44,158806,449],{"class":62},[44,158808,1125],{"class":452},[44,158810,3711],{"class":62},[20,158812,1031],{},[35,158814,158815],{"className":37,"code":157616,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,158816,158817],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158818,158819,158821,158823,158825,158827,158829,158831],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158820,63],{"class":62},[44,158822,15582],{"class":452},[44,158824,186],{"class":62},[44,158826,7625],{"class":452},[44,158828,186],{"class":62},[44,158830,50469],{"class":452},[44,158832,76],{"class":62},[20,158834,132043,158835,158837],{},[15,158836,1125],{}," is not included.",[600,158839,158841],{"id":158840},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,158843,4351],{},[35,158845,158847],{"className":37,"code":158846,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,158848,158849,158873,158877],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158850,158851,158853,158855,158857,158859,158861,158863,158865,158867,158869,158871],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158852,3435],{"class":50},[44,158854,55],{"class":54},[44,158856,9058],{"class":62},[44,158858,2161],{"class":452},[44,158860,186],{"class":62},[44,158862,7620],{"class":452},[44,158864,186],{"class":62},[44,158866,7625],{"class":452},[44,158868,186],{"class":62},[44,158870,50469],{"class":452},[44,158872,76],{"class":62},[44,158874,158875],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,158876,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,158878,158879],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,158880,158881],{"class":3483},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,158883,158884],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[35,158886,158887],{"className":37,"code":154544,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,158888,158889,158913,158917],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158890,158891,158893,158895,158897,158899,158901,158903,158905,158907,158909,158911],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158892,3435],{"class":50},[44,158894,55],{"class":54},[44,158896,9058],{"class":62},[44,158898,2161],{"class":452},[44,158900,186],{"class":62},[44,158902,7620],{"class":452},[44,158904,186],{"class":62},[44,158906,7625],{"class":452},[44,158908,186],{"class":62},[44,158910,50469],{"class":452},[44,158912,76],{"class":62},[44,158914,158915],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,158916,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,158918,158919,158921,158923,158925,158927,158929,158931,158933],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,158920,82],{"class":58},[44,158922,63],{"class":62},[44,158924,3467],{"class":97},[44,158926,3723],{"class":62},[44,158928,2807],{"class":452},[44,158930,449],{"class":62},[44,158932,1894],{"class":452},[44,158934,3711],{"class":62},[600,158936,158938],{"id":158937},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[35,158940,158942],{"className":37,"code":158941,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,158943,158944,158968,158972,158987,158991,159002],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158945,158946,158948,158950,158952,158954,158956,158958,158960,158962,158964,158966],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158947,3435],{"class":50},[44,158949,55],{"class":54},[44,158951,9058],{"class":62},[44,158953,2161],{"class":452},[44,158955,186],{"class":62},[44,158957,7620],{"class":452},[44,158959,186],{"class":62},[44,158961,7625],{"class":452},[44,158963,186],{"class":62},[44,158965,50469],{"class":452},[44,158967,76],{"class":62},[44,158969,158970],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,158971,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,158973,158974,158977,158979,158981,158983,158985],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,158975,158976],{"class":50},"slice_result ",[44,158978,55],{"class":54},[44,158980,4088],{"class":50},[44,158982,75165],{"class":62},[44,158984,1889],{"class":452},[44,158986,3453],{"class":62},[44,158988,158989],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,158990,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,158992,158993,158995,158997,159000],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,158994,82],{"class":58},[44,158996,63],{"class":62},[44,158998,158999],{"class":97},"slice_result",[44,159001,76],{"class":62},[44,159003,159004,159006,159008,159010],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,159005,82],{"class":58},[44,159007,63],{"class":62},[44,159009,3467],{"class":97},[44,159011,76],{"class":62},[20,159013,1031],{},[35,159015,159017],{"className":37,"code":159016,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159018,159019,159031],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159020,159021,159023,159025,159027,159029],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159022,63],{"class":62},[44,159024,2161],{"class":452},[44,159026,186],{"class":62},[44,159028,7620],{"class":452},[44,159030,76],{"class":62},[44,159032,159033,159035,159037,159039,159041,159043,159045,159047,159049],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,159034,63],{"class":62},[44,159036,2161],{"class":452},[44,159038,186],{"class":62},[44,159040,7620],{"class":452},[44,159042,186],{"class":62},[44,159044,7625],{"class":452},[44,159046,186],{"class":62},[44,159048,50469],{"class":452},[44,159050,76],{"class":62},[20,159052,159053],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[30,159055,113357],{"id":113356},[20,159057,159058],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[126,159060,159061,159064,159067,159073,159076],{},[129,159062,159063],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[129,159065,159066],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[129,159068,159069,159070],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159071,159072],{},"tuple[::0]",[129,159074,159075],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[129,159077,159078],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159080,159081],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[35,159083,159085],{"className":37,"code":159084,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159086,159087,159097,159115,159137],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159088,159089,159091,159093,159095],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159090,82],{"class":58},[44,159092,63],{"class":62},[44,159094,147637],{"class":97},[44,159096,76],{"class":62},[44,159098,159099,159101,159103,159105,159107,159109,159111,159113],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,159100,82],{"class":58},[44,159102,63],{"class":62},[44,159104,147637],{"class":97},[44,159106,3723],{"class":62},[44,159108,2807],{"class":452},[44,159110,449],{"class":62},[44,159112,1125],{"class":452},[44,159114,3711],{"class":62},[44,159116,159117,159119,159121,159123,159125,159127,159129,159131,159133,159135],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,159118,82],{"class":58},[44,159120,63],{"class":62},[44,159122,427],{"class":426},[44,159124,63],{"class":62},[44,159126,147637],{"class":97},[44,159128,3723],{"class":62},[44,159130,2807],{"class":452},[44,159132,449],{"class":62},[44,159134,1125],{"class":452},[44,159136,2819],{"class":62},[44,159138,159139,159141,159143,159145,159147,159149],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,159140,82],{"class":58},[44,159142,63],{"class":62},[44,159144,10986],{"class":58},[44,159146,63],{"class":62},[44,159148,147637],{"class":97},[44,159150,434],{"class":62},[20,159152,10995],{},[126,159154,159155,159157,159160,159163],{},[129,159156,154851],{},[129,159158,159159],{},"what the slice actually returns",[129,159161,159162],{},"that the result is a tuple",[129,159164,159165],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[30,159167,1651],{"id":1650},[600,159169,159171],{"id":159170},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159173,159174],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[600,159176,159178],{"id":159177},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159180,159181],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[600,159183,4970,159185,39785],{"id":159184},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159186,158004],{},[20,159188,159189],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[600,159191,159193,159194,213],{"id":159192},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159195,70361],{},[20,159197,159198,159199,504],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159200,70361],{},[30,159202,1719],{"id":1718},[126,159204,159205,159209,159213,159217,159221],{},[129,159206,159207],{},[491,159208,155711],{"href":150598},[129,159210,159211],{},[491,159212,149292],{"href":152718},[129,159214,159215],{},[491,159216,150541],{"href":156875},[129,159218,159219],{},[491,159220,147619],{"href":157237},[129,159222,159223],{},[491,159224,154464],{"href":158729},[1758,159226,159227],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":159229},[159230,159231,159232,159233,159241,159245,159246,159251,159252,159257,159258,159266],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":157037,"depth":79,"text":157038},{"id":157240,"depth":79,"text":157241},{"id":75645,"depth":79,"text":75646,"children":159234},[159235,159237,159238,159239,159240],{"id":157398,"depth":419,"text":159236},"Get the first n items",{"id":157477,"depth":419,"text":157478},{"id":157555,"depth":419,"text":157556},{"id":157637,"depth":419,"text":157638},{"id":157719,"depth":419,"text":157720},{"id":75939,"depth":79,"text":75940,"children":159242},[159243,159244],{"id":157814,"depth":419,"text":157815},{"id":157898,"depth":419,"text":157899},{"id":157987,"depth":79,"text":157988},{"id":158239,"depth":79,"text":158240,"children":159247},[159248,159249,159250],{"id":158248,"depth":419,"text":158249},{"id":158364,"depth":419,"text":158365},{"id":158472,"depth":419,"text":158473},{"id":158538,"depth":79,"text":158539},{"id":76772,"depth":79,"text":15004,"children":159253},[159254,159255,159256],{"id":158755,"depth":419,"text":158756},{"id":158840,"depth":419,"text":158841},{"id":158937,"depth":419,"text":158938},{"id":113356,"depth":79,"text":113357},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":159259},[159260,159261,159262,159264],{"id":159170,"depth":419,"text":159171},{"id":159177,"depth":419,"text":159178},{"id":159184,"depth":419,"text":159263},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159192,"depth":419,"text":159265},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156881,"description":159267},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159274,"title":159275,"body":159276,"description":161099,"extension":1796,"meta":161100,"navigation":807,"path":34635,"seo":161101,"stem":161102,"__hash__":161103},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159277,"toc":161065},[159278,159283,159288,159292,159310,159313,159328,159334,159336,159393,159395,159427,159439,159445,159450,159453,159488,159494,159496,159499,159513,159516,159518,159541,159543,159561,159564,159580,159582,159585,159698,159700,159789,159792,159797,159803,159806,159809,159908,159910,159969,159974,159977,160046,160050,160082,160098,160103,160110,160117,160129,160131,160180,160182,160205,160211,160259,160264,160271,160279,160285,160288,160312,160315,160317,160393,160395,160420,160426,160429,160434,160438,160452,160454,160517,160519,160551,160554,160570,160572,160578,160585,160587,160606,160608,160626,160633,160638,160645,160647,160684,160687,160694,160698,160701,160759,160762,160765,160820,160822,160834,160840,160842,160846,160879,160886,160888,160951,160954,160956,160961,160975,160982,160990,160999,161008,161014,161020,161022,161062],[10,159279,13,159281,18],{"id":159280},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159282,2132],{},[20,159284,32143,159285,159287],{},[15,159286,2132],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159289,62396,159290,104201],{},[15,159291,2132],{},[126,159293,159294,159297,159300,159303],{},[129,159295,159296],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[129,159298,159299],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[129,159301,159302],{},"debug confusing code",[129,159304,159305,159306],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[491,159307,159308],{"href":8047},[15,159309,17],{},[20,159311,159312],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[35,159314,159316],{"className":37,"code":159315,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"type(object)\n",[15,159317,159318],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159319,159320,159322,159324,159326],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159321,427],{"class":426},[44,159323,63],{"class":62},[44,159325,42213],{"class":426},[44,159327,76],{"class":62},[20,159329,159330,159331,159333],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159332,2132],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[30,159335,3425],{"id":3424},[35,159337,159339],{"className":37,"code":159338,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159340,159341,159353,159367,159371,159379],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159342,159343,159345,159347,159349,159351],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159344,51],{"class":50},[44,159346,55],{"class":54},[44,159348,1438],{"class":66},[44,159350,4831],{"class":70},[44,159352,3176],{"class":66},[44,159354,159355,159357,159359,159361,159363,159365],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,159356,82],{"class":58},[44,159358,63],{"class":62},[44,159360,427],{"class":426},[44,159362,63],{"class":62},[44,159364,652],{"class":97},[44,159366,434],{"class":62},[44,159368,159369],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,159370,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,159372,159373,159375,159377],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,159374,2046],{"class":50},[44,159376,55],{"class":54},[44,159378,2412],{"class":452},[44,159380,159381,159383,159385,159387,159389,159391],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,159382,82],{"class":58},[44,159384,63],{"class":62},[44,159386,427],{"class":426},[44,159388,63],{"class":62},[44,159390,2069],{"class":97},[44,159392,434],{"class":62},[20,159394,1031],{},[35,159396,159397],{"className":37,"code":124704,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159398,159399,159413],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159400,159401,159403,159405,159407,159409,159411],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159402,463],{"class":54},[44,159404,467],{"class":466},[44,159406,470],{"class":66},[44,159408,473],{"class":70},[44,159410,476],{"class":66},[44,159412,479],{"class":54},[44,159414,159415,159417,159419,159421,159423,159425],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,159416,463],{"class":54},[44,159418,467],{"class":466},[44,159420,470],{"class":66},[44,159422,588],{"class":70},[44,159424,476],{"class":66},[44,159426,479],{"class":54},[20,159428,103,159429,159432,159433,1126,159436,504],{},[15,159430,159431],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159434,159435],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159437,159438],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[30,159440,12821,159442,159444],{"id":159441},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159443,2132],{}," function does",[20,159446,159447,159449],{},[15,159448,2132],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159451,159452],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[126,159454,159455,159460,159465,159470,159475,159480],{},[129,159456,159457,159459],{},[15,159458,473],{}," for text",[129,159461,159462,159464],{},[15,159463,588],{}," for whole numbers",[129,159466,159467,159469],{},[15,159468,2021],{}," for decimal numbers",[129,159471,159472,159474],{},[15,159473,7921],{}," for lists",[129,159476,159477,159479],{},[15,159478,8646],{}," for dictionaries",[129,159481,159482,68725,159484,1126,159486],{},[15,159483,3690],{},[15,159485,3420],{},[15,159487,3494],{},[20,159489,159490,159491,159493],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159492,2132],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[30,159495,250],{"id":249},[20,159497,159498],{},"The main beginner form is:",[35,159500,159501],{"className":37,"code":159315,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159502,159503],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159504,159505,159507,159509,159511],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159506,427],{"class":426},[44,159508,63],{"class":62},[44,159510,42213],{"class":426},[44,159512,76],{"class":62},[20,159514,159515],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159517,145],{},[35,159519,159521],{"className":37,"code":159520,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159522,159523],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159524,159525,159527,159529,159531,159533,159535,159537,159539],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159526,82],{"class":58},[44,159528,63],{"class":62},[44,159530,427],{"class":426},[44,159532,63],{"class":62},[44,159534,67],{"class":66},[44,159536,3667],{"class":70},[44,159538,67],{"class":66},[44,159540,434],{"class":62},[20,159542,1031],{},[35,159544,159545],{"className":37,"code":1034,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159546,159547],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159548,159549,159551,159553,159555,159557,159559],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159550,463],{"class":54},[44,159552,467],{"class":466},[44,159554,470],{"class":66},[44,159556,473],{"class":70},[44,159558,476],{"class":66},[44,159560,479],{"class":54},[20,159562,159563],{},"You can pass either:",[126,159565,159566,159573],{},[129,159567,159568,159569,497,159571],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159570,64164],{},[15,159572,46150],{},[129,159574,159575,159576,497,159578],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159577,652],{},[15,159579,414],{},[30,159581,121516],{"id":121515},[20,159583,159584],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[35,159586,159588],{"className":37,"code":159587,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159589,159590,159608,159622,159636,159658,159684],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159591,159592,159594,159596,159598,159600,159602,159604,159606],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159593,82],{"class":58},[44,159595,63],{"class":62},[44,159597,427],{"class":426},[44,159599,63],{"class":62},[44,159601,67],{"class":66},[44,159603,3667],{"class":70},[44,159605,67],{"class":66},[44,159607,434],{"class":62},[44,159609,159610,159612,159614,159616,159618,159620],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,159611,82],{"class":58},[44,159613,63],{"class":62},[44,159615,427],{"class":426},[44,159617,63],{"class":62},[44,159619,2161],{"class":452},[44,159621,434],{"class":62},[44,159623,159624,159626,159628,159630,159632,159634],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,159625,82],{"class":58},[44,159627,63],{"class":62},[44,159629,427],{"class":426},[44,159631,63],{"class":62},[44,159633,39968],{"class":452},[44,159635,434],{"class":62},[44,159637,159638,159640,159642,159644,159646,159648,159650,159652,159654,159656],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,159639,82],{"class":58},[44,159641,63],{"class":62},[44,159643,427],{"class":426},[44,159645,2804],{"class":62},[44,159647,2807],{"class":452},[44,159649,186],{"class":62},[44,159651,2812],{"class":452},[44,159653,186],{"class":62},[44,159655,2282],{"class":452},[44,159657,2819],{"class":62},[44,159659,159660,159662,159664,159666,159668,159670,159672,159674,159676,159678,159680,159682],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,159661,82],{"class":58},[44,159663,63],{"class":62},[44,159665,427],{"class":426},[44,159667,5358],{"class":62},[44,159669,67],{"class":66},[44,159671,652],{"class":70},[44,159673,67],{"class":66},[44,159675,449],{"class":62},[44,159677,1438],{"class":66},[44,159679,4831],{"class":70},[44,159681,67],{"class":66},[44,159683,5367],{"class":62},[44,159685,159686,159688,159690,159692,159694,159696],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,159687,82],{"class":58},[44,159689,63],{"class":62},[44,159691,427],{"class":426},[44,159693,63],{"class":62},[44,159695,3420],{"class":3674},[44,159697,434],{"class":62},[20,159699,1031],{},[35,159701,159703],{"className":37,"code":159702,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159704,159705,159719,159733,159747,159761,159775],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159706,159707,159709,159711,159713,159715,159717],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159708,463],{"class":54},[44,159710,467],{"class":466},[44,159712,470],{"class":66},[44,159714,473],{"class":70},[44,159716,476],{"class":66},[44,159718,479],{"class":54},[44,159720,159721,159723,159725,159727,159729,159731],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,159722,463],{"class":54},[44,159724,467],{"class":466},[44,159726,470],{"class":66},[44,159728,588],{"class":70},[44,159730,476],{"class":66},[44,159732,479],{"class":54},[44,159734,159735,159737,159739,159741,159743,159745],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,159736,463],{"class":54},[44,159738,467],{"class":466},[44,159740,470],{"class":66},[44,159742,2021],{"class":70},[44,159744,476],{"class":66},[44,159746,479],{"class":54},[44,159748,159749,159751,159753,159755,159757,159759],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,159750,463],{"class":54},[44,159752,467],{"class":466},[44,159754,470],{"class":66},[44,159756,7921],{"class":70},[44,159758,476],{"class":66},[44,159760,479],{"class":54},[44,159762,159763,159765,159767,159769,159771,159773],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,159764,463],{"class":54},[44,159766,467],{"class":466},[44,159768,470],{"class":66},[44,159770,8646],{"class":70},[44,159772,476],{"class":66},[44,159774,479],{"class":54},[44,159776,159777,159779,159781,159783,159785,159787],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,159778,463],{"class":54},[44,159780,467],{"class":466},[44,159782,470],{"class":66},[44,159784,3690],{"class":70},[44,159786,476],{"class":66},[44,159788,479],{"class":54},[20,159790,159791],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,159793,159794,159795,504],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[491,159796,44612],{"href":48603},[30,159798,8243,159800,159802],{"id":159799},"using-type-with-variables",[15,159801,2132],{}," with variables",[20,159804,159805],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,159807,159808],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[35,159810,159812],{"className":37,"code":159811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,159813,159814,159822,159840,159844,159856,159874,159878,159890],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159815,159816,159818,159820],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159817,338],{"class":50},[44,159819,55],{"class":54},[44,159821,2412],{"class":452},[44,159823,159824,159826,159828,159830,159832,159834,159836,159838],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,159825,82],{"class":58},[44,159827,63],{"class":62},[44,159829,354],{"class":97},[44,159831,186],{"class":62},[44,159833,49015],{"class":426},[44,159835,63],{"class":62},[44,159837,354],{"class":97},[44,159839,434],{"class":62},[44,159841,159842],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,159843,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,159845,159846,159848,159850,159852,159854],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,159847,338],{"class":50},[44,159849,55],{"class":54},[44,159851,1438],{"class":66},[44,159853,1182],{"class":70},[44,159855,3176],{"class":66},[44,159857,159858,159860,159862,159864,159866,159868,159870,159872],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,159859,82],{"class":58},[44,159861,63],{"class":62},[44,159863,354],{"class":97},[44,159865,186],{"class":62},[44,159867,49015],{"class":426},[44,159869,63],{"class":62},[44,159871,354],{"class":97},[44,159873,434],{"class":62},[44,159875,159876],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,159877,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,159879,159880,159882,159884,159886,159888],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,159881,338],{"class":50},[44,159883,55],{"class":54},[44,159885,3440],{"class":62},[44,159887,2161],{"class":452},[44,159889,3453],{"class":62},[44,159891,159892,159894,159896,159898,159900,159902,159904,159906],{"class":46,"line":6255},[44,159893,82],{"class":58},[44,159895,63],{"class":62},[44,159897,354],{"class":97},[44,159899,186],{"class":62},[44,159901,49015],{"class":426},[44,159903,63],{"class":62},[44,159905,354],{"class":97},[44,159907,434],{"class":62},[20,159909,1031],{},[35,159911,159913],{"className":37,"code":159912,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,159914,159915,159932,159949],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159916,159917,159919,159922,159924,159926,159928,159930],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159918,2161],{"class":452},[44,159920,159921],{"class":54}," \u003C",[44,159923,467],{"class":466},[44,159925,470],{"class":66},[44,159927,588],{"class":70},[44,159929,476],{"class":66},[44,159931,479],{"class":54},[44,159933,159934,159937,159939,159941,159943,159945,159947],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,159935,159936],{"class":50},"ten ",[44,159938,463],{"class":54},[44,159940,467],{"class":466},[44,159942,470],{"class":66},[44,159944,473],{"class":70},[44,159946,476],{"class":66},[44,159948,479],{"class":54},[44,159950,159951,159953,159955,159957,159959,159961,159963,159965,159967],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,159952,3723],{"class":62},[44,159954,2161],{"class":452},[44,159956,13099],{"class":62},[44,159958,159921],{"class":54},[44,159960,467],{"class":466},[44,159962,470],{"class":66},[44,159964,7921],{"class":70},[44,159966,476],{"class":66},[44,159968,479],{"class":54},[20,159970,159971,159973],{},[15,159972,2132],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,159975,159976],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[35,159978,159980],{"className":37,"code":159979,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,159981,159982,160000,160014,160018,160032],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159983,159984,159986,159988,159990,159992,159994,159996,159998],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159985,3209],{"class":50},[44,159987,55],{"class":54},[44,159989,59],{"class":58},[44,159991,63],{"class":62},[44,159993,67],{"class":66},[44,159995,1010],{"class":70},[44,159997,67],{"class":66},[44,159999,76],{"class":62},[44,160001,160002,160004,160006,160008,160010,160012],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,160003,82],{"class":58},[44,160005,63],{"class":62},[44,160007,427],{"class":426},[44,160009,63],{"class":62},[44,160011,3236],{"class":97},[44,160013,434],{"class":62},[44,160015,160016],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,160017,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,160019,160020,160022,160024,160026,160028,160030],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,160021,122628],{"class":50},[44,160023,55],{"class":54},[44,160025,520],{"class":426},[44,160027,63],{"class":62},[44,160029,3236],{"class":97},[44,160031,76],{"class":62},[44,160033,160034,160036,160038,160040,160042,160044],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,160035,82],{"class":58},[44,160037,63],{"class":62},[44,160039,427],{"class":426},[44,160041,63],{"class":62},[44,160043,122651],{"class":97},[44,160045,434],{"class":62},[20,160047,1122,160048,40948],{},[15,160049,485],{},[35,160051,160052],{"className":37,"code":124704,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,160053,160054,160068],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160055,160056,160058,160060,160062,160064,160066],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160057,463],{"class":54},[44,160059,467],{"class":466},[44,160061,470],{"class":66},[44,160063,473],{"class":70},[44,160065,476],{"class":66},[44,160067,479],{"class":54},[44,160069,160070,160072,160074,160076,160078,160080],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,160071,463],{"class":54},[44,160073,467],{"class":466},[44,160075,470],{"class":66},[44,160077,588],{"class":70},[44,160079,476],{"class":66},[44,160081,479],{"class":54},[20,160083,962,160084,160088,160089,497,160093,160097],{},[491,160085,160086],{"href":8047},[15,160087,17],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[491,160090,160091],{"href":493},[15,160092,496],{},[491,160094,160095],{"href":500},[15,160096,503],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160099,160100,160101,504],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[491,160102,729],{"href":728},[30,160104,160106,10408,160108],{"id":160105},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160107,2132],{},[15,160109,44620],{},[20,160111,160112,1126,160114,160116],{},[15,160113,2132],{},[15,160115,44620],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[126,160118,160119,160124],{},[129,160120,160121,160123],{},[15,160122,2132],{}," tells you the exact type",[129,160125,160126,160128],{},[15,160127,44620],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160130,145],{},[35,160132,160134],{"className":37,"code":160133,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160135,160136,160144,160148,160162],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160137,160138,160140,160142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160139,338],{"class":50},[44,160141,55],{"class":54},[44,160143,866],{"class":452},[44,160145,160146],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,160147,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,160149,160150,160152,160154,160156,160158,160160],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,160151,82],{"class":58},[44,160153,63],{"class":62},[44,160155,427],{"class":426},[44,160157,63],{"class":62},[44,160159,354],{"class":97},[44,160161,434],{"class":62},[44,160163,160164,160166,160168,160170,160172,160174,160176,160178],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,160165,82],{"class":58},[44,160167,63],{"class":62},[44,160169,48500],{"class":58},[44,160171,63],{"class":62},[44,160173,354],{"class":97},[44,160175,186],{"class":62},[44,160177,520],{"class":426},[44,160179,434],{"class":62},[20,160181,1031],{},[35,160183,160185],{"className":37,"code":160184,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160186,160187,160201],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160188,160189,160191,160193,160195,160197,160199],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160190,463],{"class":54},[44,160192,467],{"class":466},[44,160194,470],{"class":66},[44,160196,588],{"class":70},[44,160198,476],{"class":66},[44,160200,479],{"class":54},[44,160202,160203],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,160204,3803],{"class":3674},[20,160206,160207,160208,160210],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160209,44620],{}," is more practical.",[35,160212,160214],{"className":37,"code":160213,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160215,160216,160224,160228,160244],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160217,160218,160220,160222],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160219,338],{"class":50},[44,160221,55],{"class":54},[44,160223,866],{"class":452},[44,160225,160226],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,160227,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,160229,160230,160232,160234,160236,160238,160240,160242],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,160231,6828],{"class":1384},[44,160233,49238],{"class":58},[44,160235,63],{"class":62},[44,160237,354],{"class":97},[44,160239,186],{"class":62},[44,160241,520],{"class":426},[44,160243,8167],{"class":62},[44,160245,160246,160248,160250,160252,160255,160257],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,160247,1416],{"class":58},[44,160249,63],{"class":62},[44,160251,67],{"class":66},[44,160253,160254],{"class":70},"This is an integer",[44,160256,67],{"class":66},[44,160258,76],{"class":62},[20,160260,103,160261,160263],{},[15,160262,2132],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160265,103,160266,160268,160269,7003],{},[15,160267,44620],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160270,6828],{},[20,160272,160273,160274,504],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[491,160275,13,160277,1738],{"href":160276},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160278,44620],{},[30,160280,160282,160283],{"id":160281},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160284,2132],{},[20,160286,160287],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[35,160289,160291],{"className":37,"code":160290,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160292,160293],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160294,160295,160297,160299,160301,160303,160306,160308,160310],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160296,427],{"class":426},[44,160298,63],{"class":62},[44,160300,652],{"class":97},[44,160302,186],{"class":62},[44,160304,160305],{"class":97}," bases",[44,160307,186],{"class":62},[44,160309,8993],{"class":426},[44,160311,76],{"class":62},[20,160313,160314],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160316,145],{},[35,160318,160320],{"className":37,"code":160319,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160321,160322,160365,160369,160379],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160323,160324,160327,160329,160331,160333,160335,160338,160340,160342,160345,160347,160349,160352,160354,160356,160358,160361,160363],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160325,160326],{"class":50},"Person ",[44,160328,55],{"class":54},[44,160330,49015],{"class":426},[44,160332,63],{"class":62},[44,160334,67],{"class":66},[44,160336,160337],{"class":70},"Person",[44,160339,67],{"class":66},[44,160341,186],{"class":62},[44,160343,160344],{"class":62}," (),",[44,160346,10313],{"class":62},[44,160348,67],{"class":66},[44,160350,160351],{"class":70},"species",[44,160353,67],{"class":66},[44,160355,449],{"class":62},[44,160357,1438],{"class":66},[44,160359,160360],{"class":70},"human",[44,160362,67],{"class":66},[44,160364,30323],{"class":62},[44,160366,160367],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,160368,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,160370,160371,160373,160375,160377],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,160372,82],{"class":58},[44,160374,63],{"class":62},[44,160376,160337],{"class":97},[44,160378,76],{"class":62},[44,160380,160381,160383,160385,160387,160389,160391],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,160382,82],{"class":58},[44,160384,63],{"class":62},[44,160386,160337],{"class":97},[44,160388,504],{"class":62},[44,160390,160351],{"class":24579},[44,160392,76],{"class":62},[20,160394,1031],{},[35,160396,160398],{"className":37,"code":160397,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160399,160400,160415],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160401,160402,160404,160406,160408,160411,160413],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160403,463],{"class":54},[44,160405,467],{"class":466},[44,160407,470],{"class":66},[44,160409,160410],{"class":70},"__main__.Person",[44,160412,476],{"class":66},[44,160414,479],{"class":54},[44,160416,160417],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,160418,160419],{"class":50},"human\n",[20,160421,160422,160423,160425],{},"Most beginners do ",[3563,160424,4457],{}," need this form.",[20,160427,160428],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[30,160430,4788,160432],{"id":160431},"when-to-use-type",[15,160433,2132],{},[20,160435,160436,12269],{},[15,160437,2132],{},[126,160439,160440,160443,160446,160449],{},[129,160441,160442],{},"debug unexpected values",[129,160444,160445],{},"check what a conversion produced",[129,160447,160448],{},"learn Python data types",[129,160450,160451],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160453,5301],{},[35,160455,160457],{"className":37,"code":160456,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160458,160459,160471,160485,160489,160503],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160460,160461,160463,160465,160467,160469],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160462,34514],{"class":50},[44,160464,55],{"class":54},[44,160466,1438],{"class":66},[44,160468,49871],{"class":70},[44,160470,3176],{"class":66},[44,160472,160473,160475,160477,160479,160481,160483],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,160474,2046],{"class":50},[44,160476,55],{"class":54},[44,160478,520],{"class":426},[44,160480,63],{"class":62},[44,160482,34535],{"class":97},[44,160484,76],{"class":62},[44,160486,160487],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,160488,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,160490,160491,160493,160495,160497,160499,160501],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,160492,82],{"class":58},[44,160494,63],{"class":62},[44,160496,427],{"class":426},[44,160498,63],{"class":62},[44,160500,34535],{"class":97},[44,160502,434],{"class":62},[44,160504,160505,160507,160509,160511,160513,160515],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,160506,82],{"class":58},[44,160508,63],{"class":62},[44,160510,427],{"class":426},[44,160512,63],{"class":62},[44,160514,2069],{"class":97},[44,160516,434],{"class":62},[20,160518,1031],{},[35,160520,160521],{"className":37,"code":124704,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,160522,160523,160537],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160524,160525,160527,160529,160531,160533,160535],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160526,463],{"class":54},[44,160528,467],{"class":466},[44,160530,470],{"class":66},[44,160532,473],{"class":70},[44,160534,476],{"class":66},[44,160536,479],{"class":54},[44,160538,160539,160541,160543,160545,160547,160549],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,160540,463],{"class":54},[44,160542,467],{"class":466},[44,160544,470],{"class":66},[44,160546,588],{"class":70},[44,160548,476],{"class":66},[44,160550,479],{"class":54},[20,160552,160553],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160555,160556,160557,2018,160561,16901,160565,160569],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[491,160558,160559],{"href":41990},[15,160560,47308],{},[491,160562,160563],{"href":493},[15,160564,496],{},[491,160566,160567],{"href":500},[15,160568,503],{}," are often the next step.",[30,160571,25187],{"id":25186},[20,160573,160574,160575,160577],{},"A few things about ",[15,160576,2132],{}," often confuse beginners.",[600,160579,160581,160584],{"id":160580},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160582,160583],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160586,64273],{},[35,160588,160590],{"className":37,"code":160589,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160591,160592],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160593,160594,160596,160598,160600,160602,160604],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160595,82],{"class":58},[44,160597,63],{"class":62},[44,160599,427],{"class":426},[44,160601,63],{"class":62},[44,160603,1129],{"class":452},[44,160605,434],{"class":62},[20,160607,122547],{},[35,160609,160610],{"className":37,"code":156059,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,160611,160612],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160613,160614,160616,160618,160620,160622,160624],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160615,463],{"class":54},[44,160617,467],{"class":466},[44,160619,470],{"class":66},[44,160621,588],{"class":70},[44,160623,476],{"class":66},[44,160625,479],{"class":54},[20,160627,40730,160628,160630,160631,504],{},[3563,160629,4457],{}," print just ",[15,160632,588],{},[20,160634,6507,160635,160637],{},[15,160636,2132],{}," returns a class object.",[600,160639,160641,2228,160643],{"id":160640},"input-returns-str",[15,160642,17],{},[15,160644,473],{},[20,160646,79172],{},[35,160648,160650],{"className":37,"code":160649,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160651,160652,160670],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160653,160654,160656,160658,160660,160662,160664,160666,160668],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160655,338],{"class":50},[44,160657,55],{"class":54},[44,160659,59],{"class":58},[44,160661,63],{"class":62},[44,160663,67],{"class":66},[44,160665,1603],{"class":70},[44,160667,67],{"class":66},[44,160669,76],{"class":62},[44,160671,160672,160674,160676,160678,160680,160682],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,160673,82],{"class":58},[44,160675,63],{"class":62},[44,160677,427],{"class":426},[44,160679,63],{"class":62},[44,160681,354],{"class":97},[44,160683,434],{"class":62},[20,160685,160686],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160688,160689,160690,497,160692,504],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160691,496],{},[15,160693,503],{},[600,160695,160697],{"id":160696},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160699,160700],{},"Avoid code like this:",[35,160702,160704],{"className":37,"code":160703,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160705,160706,160714,160718,160744],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160707,160708,160710,160712],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160709,338],{"class":50},[44,160711,55],{"class":54},[44,160713,866],{"class":452},[44,160715,160716],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,160717,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,160719,160720,160722,160724,160726,160728,160730,160732,160734,160736,160738,160740,160742],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,160721,6828],{"class":1384},[44,160723,48529],{"class":426},[44,160725,63],{"class":62},[44,160727,427],{"class":426},[44,160729,63],{"class":62},[44,160731,354],{"class":97},[44,160733,5190],{"class":62},[44,160735,6237],{"class":54},[44,160737,1438],{"class":66},[44,160739,159438],{"class":70},[44,160741,67],{"class":66},[44,160743,1388],{"class":62},[44,160745,160746,160748,160750,160752,160755,160757],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,160747,1416],{"class":58},[44,160749,63],{"class":62},[44,160751,67],{"class":66},[44,160753,160754],{"class":70},"It is an int",[44,160756,67],{"class":66},[44,160758,76],{"class":62},[20,160760,160761],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,160763,160764],{},"Better options:",[35,160766,160768],{"className":37,"code":160767,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160769,160770,160778,160782,160802],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160771,160772,160774,160776],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160773,338],{"class":50},[44,160775,55],{"class":54},[44,160777,866],{"class":452},[44,160779,160780],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,160781,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,160783,160784,160786,160788,160790,160792,160794,160796,160798,160800],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,160785,82],{"class":58},[44,160787,63],{"class":62},[44,160789,427],{"class":426},[44,160791,63],{"class":62},[44,160793,354],{"class":97},[44,160795,3480],{"class":62},[44,160797,6237],{"class":54},[44,160799,520],{"class":426},[44,160801,76],{"class":62},[44,160803,160804,160806,160808,160810,160812,160814,160816,160818],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,160805,82],{"class":58},[44,160807,63],{"class":62},[44,160809,48500],{"class":58},[44,160811,63],{"class":62},[44,160813,354],{"class":97},[44,160815,186],{"class":62},[44,160817,520],{"class":426},[44,160819,434],{"class":62},[20,160821,1031],{},[35,160823,160824],{"className":37,"code":4330,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,160825,160826,160830],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160827,160828],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160829,3803],{"class":3674},[44,160831,160832],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,160833,3803],{"class":3674},[20,160835,160836,160837,160839],{},"In most real code, ",[15,160838,44620],{}," is the more useful check.",[30,160841,1486],{"id":1485},[20,160843,14560,160844,449],{},[15,160845,2132],{},[126,160847,160848,160858,160867,160876],{},[129,160849,8243,160850,160852,160853,160857],{},[15,160851,2132],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[491,160854,160855],{"href":8047},[15,160856,17],{}," always returns a string",[129,160859,8279,160860,160862,160863,10916,160865],{},[15,160861,2132],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,160864,588],{},[15,160866,159438],{},[129,160868,8243,160869,44444,160872,160875],{},[15,160870,160871],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,160873,160874],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[129,160877,160878],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,160880,160881,160882,504],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[491,160883,160885],{"href":160884},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,160887,144213],{},[35,160889,160891],{"className":37,"code":160890,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,160892,160893,160907,160917,160931,160941],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160894,160895,160897,160899,160901,160903,160905],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160896,82],{"class":58},[44,160898,63],{"class":62},[44,160900,427],{"class":426},[44,160902,63],{"class":62},[44,160904,354],{"class":97},[44,160906,434],{"class":62},[44,160908,160909,160911,160913,160915],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,160910,82],{"class":58},[44,160912,63],{"class":62},[44,160914,354],{"class":97},[44,160916,76],{"class":62},[44,160918,160919,160921,160923,160925,160927,160929],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,160920,82],{"class":58},[44,160922,63],{"class":62},[44,160924,1231],{"class":58},[44,160926,63],{"class":62},[44,160928,354],{"class":97},[44,160930,434],{"class":62},[44,160932,160933,160935,160937,160939],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,160934,31978],{"class":58},[44,160936,63],{"class":62},[44,160938,427],{"class":426},[44,160940,76],{"class":62},[44,160942,160943,160945,160947,160949],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,160944,34198],{"class":58},[44,160946,63],{"class":62},[44,160948,354],{"class":97},[44,160950,76],{"class":62},[20,160952,160953],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[30,160955,1651],{"id":1650},[600,160957,4970,160959,4973],{"id":160958},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,160960,2132],{},[20,160962,160963,160964,2018,160966,2018,160968,2022,160970,160972,160973,504],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,160965,473],{},[15,160967,588],{},[15,160969,7921],{},[15,160971,8646],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,160974,159435],{},[600,160976,14730,160978,56833,160980,213],{"id":160977},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,160979,2132],{},[15,160981,44620],{},[20,160983,1661,160984,160986,160987,160989],{},[15,160985,2132],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,160988,44620],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[600,160991,1683,160993,160996,160997,213],{"id":160992},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,160994,160995],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,160998,473],{},[20,161000,1692,161001,161003,161004,497,161006,160097],{},[15,161002,17],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161005,496],{},[15,161007,503],{},[600,161009,4997,161011,161013],{"id":161010},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161012,2132],{}," create classes?",[20,161015,161016,161017,504],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161018,161019],{},"type(object)",[30,161021,1719],{"id":1718},[126,161023,161024,161028,161034,161040,161044,161050,161056],{},[129,161025,161026],{},[491,161027,44612],{"href":48603},[129,161029,161030],{},[491,161031,13,161032,1738],{"href":160276},[15,161033,44620],{},[129,161035,161036],{},[491,161037,13,161038,1738],{"href":8047},[15,161039,17],{},[129,161041,161042],{},[491,161043,1731],{"href":728},[129,161045,161046],{},[491,161047,13,161048,1738],{"href":493},[15,161049,496],{},[129,161051,161052],{},[491,161053,13,161054,1738],{"href":500},[15,161055,503],{},[129,161057,161058],{},[491,161059,13,161060,1738],{"href":41990},[15,161061,47308],{},[1758,161063,161064],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":161066},[161067,161068,161070,161071,161072,161074,161076,161078,161080,161087,161088,161098],{"id":3424,"depth":79,"text":3425},{"id":159441,"depth":79,"text":161069},"What the type() function does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":121515,"depth":79,"text":121516},{"id":159799,"depth":79,"text":161073},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160105,"depth":79,"text":161075},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160281,"depth":79,"text":161077},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160431,"depth":79,"text":161079},"When to use type()",{"id":25186,"depth":79,"text":25187,"children":161081},[161082,161084,161086],{"id":160580,"depth":419,"text":161083},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160640,"depth":419,"text":161085},"input() returns str",{"id":160696,"depth":419,"text":160697},{"id":1485,"depth":79,"text":1486},{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":161089},[161090,161092,161094,161096],{"id":160958,"depth":419,"text":161091},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":160977,"depth":419,"text":161093},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":160992,"depth":419,"text":161095},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161010,"depth":419,"text":161097},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159275,"description":161099},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161105,"title":161106,"body":161107,"description":163586,"extension":1796,"meta":163587,"navigation":807,"path":163588,"seo":163589,"stem":163590,"__hash__":163591},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161108,"toc":163543},[161109,161114,161119,161128,161130,161230,161232,161257,161262,161267,161283,161286,161288,161290,161315,161318,161321,161404,161406,161455,161458,161580,161582,161655,161659,161662,161776,161778,161804,161806,161827,161832,161836,161841,161844,161948,161950,161967,161976,161979,162066,162068,162079,162084,162090,162095,162101,162104,162197,162199,162248,162254,162257,162358,162360,162413,162418,162422,162425,162524,162526,162565,162568,162573,162575,162580,162584,162697,162701,162798,162802,162890,162892,162909,162913,163036,163042,163048,163054,163059,163062,163089,163093,163095,163189,163192,163196,163199,163286,163289,163324,163326,163363,163366,163374,163379,163384,163458,163465,163467,163472,163475,163481,163484,163490,163495,163501,163506,163510,163513,163515,163540],[10,161110,13,161112,18],{"id":161111},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161113,63949],{},[20,161115,161116,161118],{},[15,161117,63949],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161120,161121,161122,161124,161125,161127],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161123,63949],{}," inside a ",[15,161126,5787],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[30,161129,33],{"id":32},[35,161131,161133],{"className":37,"code":161132,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161134,161135,161167,161187,161191,161216],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161136,161137,161139,161141,161143,161145,161147,161149,161151,161153,161155,161157,161159,161161,161163,161165],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161138,4822],{"class":50},[44,161140,55],{"class":54},[44,161142,3440],{"class":62},[44,161144,67],{"class":66},[44,161146,12705],{"class":70},[44,161148,67],{"class":66},[44,161150,186],{"class":62},[44,161152,1438],{"class":66},[44,161154,35766],{"class":70},[44,161156,67],{"class":66},[44,161158,186],{"class":62},[44,161160,1438],{"class":66},[44,161162,35775],{"class":70},[44,161164,67],{"class":66},[44,161166,3453],{"class":62},[44,161168,161169,161171,161173,161175,161177,161179,161181,161183,161185],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,161170,4891],{"class":50},[44,161172,55],{"class":54},[44,161174,3440],{"class":62},[44,161176,13328],{"class":452},[44,161178,186],{"class":62},[44,161180,13333],{"class":452},[44,161182,186],{"class":62},[44,161184,28751],{"class":452},[44,161186,3453],{"class":62},[44,161188,161189],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,161190,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,161192,161193,161195,161197,161199,161201,161203,161206,161208,161210,161212,161214],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,161194,5787],{"class":1384},[44,161196,98],{"class":50},[44,161198,186],{"class":62},[44,161200,4933],{"class":50},[44,161202,3705],{"class":1384},[44,161204,161205],{"class":58}," zip",[44,161207,63],{"class":62},[44,161209,4866],{"class":97},[44,161211,186],{"class":62},[44,161213,4938],{"class":97},[44,161215,8167],{"class":62},[44,161217,161218,161220,161222,161224,161226,161228],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,161219,1416],{"class":58},[44,161221,63],{"class":62},[44,161223,652],{"class":97},[44,161225,186],{"class":62},[44,161227,130493],{"class":97},[44,161229,76],{"class":62},[20,161231,1031],{},[35,161233,161235],{"className":37,"code":161234,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161236,161237,161243,161250],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161238,161239,161241],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161240,133512],{"class":50},[44,161242,32961],{"class":452},[44,161244,161245,161248],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,161246,161247],{"class":50},"Ben ",[44,161249,32966],{"class":452},[44,161251,161252,161255],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,161253,161254],{"class":50},"Cara ",[44,161256,32971],{"class":452},[20,161258,103,161259,161261],{},[15,161260,63949],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[30,161263,113,161265,116],{"id":161264},"what-zip-does",[15,161266,63949],{},[126,161268,161269,161274,161277,161280],{},[129,161270,161271,161273],{},[15,161272,63949],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[129,161275,161276],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[129,161278,161279],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[129,161281,161282],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161284,161285],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[30,161287,250],{"id":249},[20,161289,253],{},[35,161291,161293],{"className":37,"code":161292,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161294,161295],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161296,161297,161299,161301,161304,161306,161309,161311,161313],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161298,64019],{"class":58},[44,161300,63],{"class":62},[44,161302,161303],{"class":97},"iterable1",[44,161305,186],{"class":62},[44,161307,161308],{"class":97}," iterable2",[44,161310,186],{"class":62},[44,161312,34280],{"class":58},[44,161314,76],{"class":62},[20,161316,161317],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161319,161320],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[35,161322,161324],{"className":37,"code":161323,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161325,161326,161346,161378,161382],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161327,161328,161330,161332,161334,161336,161338,161340,161342,161344],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161329,3435],{"class":50},[44,161331,55],{"class":54},[44,161333,3440],{"class":62},[44,161335,2807],{"class":452},[44,161337,186],{"class":62},[44,161339,2812],{"class":452},[44,161341,186],{"class":62},[44,161343,2282],{"class":452},[44,161345,3453],{"class":62},[44,161347,161348,161350,161352,161354,161356,161358,161360,161362,161364,161366,161368,161370,161372,161374,161376],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,161349,35915],{"class":50},[44,161351,55],{"class":54},[44,161353,3440],{"class":62},[44,161355,67],{"class":66},[44,161357,491],{"class":70},[44,161359,67],{"class":66},[44,161361,186],{"class":62},[44,161363,1438],{"class":66},[44,161365,4587],{"class":70},[44,161367,67],{"class":66},[44,161369,186],{"class":62},[44,161371,1438],{"class":66},[44,161373,9561],{"class":70},[44,161375,67],{"class":66},[44,161377,3453],{"class":62},[44,161379,161380],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,161381,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,161383,161384,161386,161388,161390,161392,161394,161396,161398,161400,161402],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,161385,82],{"class":58},[44,161387,63],{"class":62},[44,161389,7921],{"class":426},[44,161391,63],{"class":62},[44,161393,64019],{"class":58},[44,161395,63],{"class":62},[44,161397,3467],{"class":97},[44,161399,186],{"class":62},[44,161401,69726],{"class":97},[44,161403,2731],{"class":62},[20,161405,1031],{},[35,161407,161409],{"className":37,"code":161408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161410,161411],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161412,161413,161415,161417,161419,161421,161423,161425,161427,161429,161431,161433,161435,161437,161439,161441,161443,161445,161447,161449,161451,161453],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161414,21568],{"class":62},[44,161416,2807],{"class":452},[44,161418,186],{"class":62},[44,161420,470],{"class":66},[44,161422,491],{"class":70},[44,161424,476],{"class":66},[44,161426,9055],{"class":62},[44,161428,9058],{"class":62},[44,161430,1889],{"class":452},[44,161432,186],{"class":62},[44,161434,470],{"class":66},[44,161436,4587],{"class":70},[44,161438,476],{"class":66},[44,161440,9055],{"class":62},[44,161442,9058],{"class":62},[44,161444,1894],{"class":452},[44,161446,186],{"class":62},[44,161448,470],{"class":66},[44,161450,9561],{"class":70},[44,161452,476],{"class":66},[44,161454,9071],{"class":62},[20,161456,161457],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[35,161459,161461],{"className":37,"code":161460,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161462,161463,161495,161515,161549,161553],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161464,161465,161467,161469,161471,161473,161475,161477,161479,161481,161483,161485,161487,161489,161491,161493],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161466,4822],{"class":50},[44,161468,55],{"class":54},[44,161470,3440],{"class":62},[44,161472,67],{"class":66},[44,161474,12705],{"class":70},[44,161476,67],{"class":66},[44,161478,186],{"class":62},[44,161480,1438],{"class":66},[44,161482,35766],{"class":70},[44,161484,67],{"class":66},[44,161486,186],{"class":62},[44,161488,1438],{"class":66},[44,161490,35775],{"class":70},[44,161492,67],{"class":66},[44,161494,3453],{"class":62},[44,161496,161497,161499,161501,161503,161505,161507,161509,161511,161513],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,161498,4891],{"class":50},[44,161500,55],{"class":54},[44,161502,3440],{"class":62},[44,161504,13328],{"class":452},[44,161506,186],{"class":62},[44,161508,13333],{"class":452},[44,161510,186],{"class":62},[44,161512,28751],{"class":452},[44,161514,3453],{"class":62},[44,161516,161517,161520,161522,161524,161526,161528,161530,161532,161534,161536,161538,161540,161542,161545,161547],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,161518,161519],{"class":50},"grades ",[44,161521,55],{"class":54},[44,161523,3440],{"class":62},[44,161525,67],{"class":66},[44,161527,22073],{"class":70},[44,161529,67],{"class":66},[44,161531,186],{"class":62},[44,161533,1438],{"class":66},[44,161535,30427],{"class":70},[44,161537,67],{"class":66},[44,161539,186],{"class":62},[44,161541,1438],{"class":66},[44,161543,161544],{"class":70},"B+",[44,161546,67],{"class":66},[44,161548,3453],{"class":62},[44,161550,161551],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,161552,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,161554,161555,161557,161559,161561,161563,161565,161567,161569,161571,161573,161575,161578],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,161556,82],{"class":58},[44,161558,63],{"class":62},[44,161560,7921],{"class":426},[44,161562,63],{"class":62},[44,161564,64019],{"class":58},[44,161566,63],{"class":62},[44,161568,4866],{"class":97},[44,161570,186],{"class":62},[44,161572,4938],{"class":97},[44,161574,186],{"class":62},[44,161576,161577],{"class":97}," grades",[44,161579,2731],{"class":62},[20,161581,1031],{},[35,161583,161585],{"className":37,"code":161584,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161586,161587],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161588,161589,161591,161593,161595,161597,161599,161601,161603,161605,161607,161609,161611,161613,161615,161617,161619,161621,161623,161625,161627,161629,161631,161633,161635,161637,161639,161641,161643,161645,161647,161649,161651,161653],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161590,21568],{"class":62},[44,161592,476],{"class":66},[44,161594,12705],{"class":70},[44,161596,476],{"class":66},[44,161598,186],{"class":62},[44,161600,19728],{"class":452},[44,161602,186],{"class":62},[44,161604,470],{"class":66},[44,161606,22073],{"class":70},[44,161608,476],{"class":66},[44,161610,9055],{"class":62},[44,161612,9058],{"class":62},[44,161614,476],{"class":66},[44,161616,35766],{"class":70},[44,161618,476],{"class":66},[44,161620,186],{"class":62},[44,161622,13333],{"class":452},[44,161624,186],{"class":62},[44,161626,470],{"class":66},[44,161628,30427],{"class":70},[44,161630,476],{"class":66},[44,161632,9055],{"class":62},[44,161634,9058],{"class":62},[44,161636,476],{"class":66},[44,161638,35775],{"class":70},[44,161640,476],{"class":66},[44,161642,186],{"class":62},[44,161644,28751],{"class":452},[44,161646,186],{"class":62},[44,161648,470],{"class":66},[44,161650,161544],{"class":70},[44,161652,476],{"class":66},[44,161654,9071],{"class":62},[30,161656,161658],{"id":161657},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161660,161661],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[35,161663,161665],{"className":37,"code":161664,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161666,161667,161699,161719,161723,161747],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161668,161669,161671,161673,161675,161677,161679,161681,161683,161685,161687,161689,161691,161693,161695,161697],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161670,4822],{"class":50},[44,161672,55],{"class":54},[44,161674,3440],{"class":62},[44,161676,67],{"class":66},[44,161678,12705],{"class":70},[44,161680,67],{"class":66},[44,161682,186],{"class":62},[44,161684,1438],{"class":66},[44,161686,35766],{"class":70},[44,161688,67],{"class":66},[44,161690,186],{"class":62},[44,161692,1438],{"class":66},[44,161694,35775],{"class":70},[44,161696,67],{"class":66},[44,161698,3453],{"class":62},[44,161700,161701,161703,161705,161707,161709,161711,161713,161715,161717],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,161702,4891],{"class":50},[44,161704,55],{"class":54},[44,161706,3440],{"class":62},[44,161708,13328],{"class":452},[44,161710,186],{"class":62},[44,161712,13333],{"class":452},[44,161714,186],{"class":62},[44,161716,28751],{"class":452},[44,161718,3453],{"class":62},[44,161720,161721],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,161722,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,161724,161725,161727,161729,161731,161733,161735,161737,161739,161741,161743,161745],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,161726,5787],{"class":1384},[44,161728,98],{"class":50},[44,161730,186],{"class":62},[44,161732,4933],{"class":50},[44,161734,3705],{"class":1384},[44,161736,161205],{"class":58},[44,161738,63],{"class":62},[44,161740,4866],{"class":97},[44,161742,186],{"class":62},[44,161744,4938],{"class":97},[44,161746,8167],{"class":62},[44,161748,161749,161751,161753,161755,161757,161759,161761,161763,161766,161768,161770,161772,161774],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,161750,1416],{"class":58},[44,161752,63],{"class":62},[44,161754,22122],{"class":466},[44,161756,67],{"class":70},[44,161758,9100],{"class":452},[44,161760,652],{"class":97},[44,161762,22131],{"class":452},[44,161764,161765],{"class":70}," scored ",[44,161767,9100],{"class":452},[44,161769,85150],{"class":97},[44,161771,22131],{"class":452},[44,161773,67],{"class":70},[44,161775,76],{"class":62},[20,161777,1031],{},[35,161779,161781],{"className":37,"code":161780,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,161782,161783,161790,161797],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161784,161785,161788],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161786,161787],{"class":50},"Ana scored ",[44,161789,32961],{"class":452},[44,161791,161792,161795],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,161793,161794],{"class":50},"Ben scored ",[44,161796,32966],{"class":452},[44,161798,161799,161802],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,161800,161801],{"class":50},"Cara scored ",[44,161803,32971],{"class":452},[20,161805,124],{},[126,161807,161808,161817,161820],{},[129,161809,161810,161813,161814],{},[15,161811,161812],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,161815,161816],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[129,161818,161819],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[129,161821,161822,1126,161824,161826],{},[15,161823,652],{},[15,161825,85150],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,161828,161829,161830,504],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[491,161831,69243],{"href":69242},[30,161833,161835],{"id":161834},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,161837,161838,161840],{},[15,161839,63949],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,161842,161843],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[35,161845,161847],{"className":37,"code":161846,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161848,161849,161890,161906,161910,161934],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161850,161851,161853,161855,161857,161859,161861,161863,161865,161867,161869,161871,161873,161875,161877,161879,161881,161883,161886,161888],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161852,4822],{"class":50},[44,161854,55],{"class":54},[44,161856,3440],{"class":62},[44,161858,67],{"class":66},[44,161860,12705],{"class":70},[44,161862,67],{"class":66},[44,161864,186],{"class":62},[44,161866,1438],{"class":66},[44,161868,35766],{"class":70},[44,161870,67],{"class":66},[44,161872,186],{"class":62},[44,161874,1438],{"class":66},[44,161876,35775],{"class":70},[44,161878,67],{"class":66},[44,161880,186],{"class":62},[44,161882,1438],{"class":66},[44,161884,161885],{"class":70},"Dan",[44,161887,67],{"class":66},[44,161889,3453],{"class":62},[44,161891,161892,161894,161896,161898,161900,161902,161904],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,161893,4891],{"class":50},[44,161895,55],{"class":54},[44,161897,3440],{"class":62},[44,161899,13328],{"class":452},[44,161901,186],{"class":62},[44,161903,13333],{"class":452},[44,161905,3453],{"class":62},[44,161907,161908],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,161909,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,161911,161912,161914,161916,161918,161920,161922,161924,161926,161928,161930,161932],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,161913,5787],{"class":1384},[44,161915,98],{"class":50},[44,161917,186],{"class":62},[44,161919,4933],{"class":50},[44,161921,3705],{"class":1384},[44,161923,161205],{"class":58},[44,161925,63],{"class":62},[44,161927,4866],{"class":97},[44,161929,186],{"class":62},[44,161931,4938],{"class":97},[44,161933,8167],{"class":62},[44,161935,161936,161938,161940,161942,161944,161946],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,161937,1416],{"class":58},[44,161939,63],{"class":62},[44,161941,652],{"class":97},[44,161943,186],{"class":62},[44,161945,130493],{"class":97},[44,161947,76],{"class":62},[20,161949,1031],{},[35,161951,161953],{"className":37,"code":161952,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,161954,161955,161961],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161956,161957,161959],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161958,133512],{"class":50},[44,161960,32961],{"class":452},[44,161962,161963,161965],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,161964,161247],{"class":50},[44,161966,32966],{"class":452},[20,161968,2116,161969,1126,161972,161975],{},[15,161970,161971],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,161973,161974],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,161977,161978],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[35,161980,161982],{"className":37,"code":161981,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,161983,161984,162024,162040,162044],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161985,161986,161988,161990,161992,161994,161996,161998,162000,162002,162004,162006,162008,162010,162012,162014,162016,162018,162020,162022],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161987,4822],{"class":50},[44,161989,55],{"class":54},[44,161991,3440],{"class":62},[44,161993,67],{"class":66},[44,161995,12705],{"class":70},[44,161997,67],{"class":66},[44,161999,186],{"class":62},[44,162001,1438],{"class":66},[44,162003,35766],{"class":70},[44,162005,67],{"class":66},[44,162007,186],{"class":62},[44,162009,1438],{"class":66},[44,162011,35775],{"class":70},[44,162013,67],{"class":66},[44,162015,186],{"class":62},[44,162017,1438],{"class":66},[44,162019,161885],{"class":70},[44,162021,67],{"class":66},[44,162023,3453],{"class":62},[44,162025,162026,162028,162030,162032,162034,162036,162038],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,162027,4891],{"class":50},[44,162029,55],{"class":54},[44,162031,3440],{"class":62},[44,162033,13328],{"class":452},[44,162035,186],{"class":62},[44,162037,13333],{"class":452},[44,162039,3453],{"class":62},[44,162041,162042],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,162043,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,162045,162046,162048,162050,162052,162054,162056,162058,162060,162062,162064],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,162047,82],{"class":58},[44,162049,63],{"class":62},[44,162051,10986],{"class":58},[44,162053,63],{"class":62},[44,162055,4866],{"class":97},[44,162057,9055],{"class":62},[44,162059,38212],{"class":58},[44,162061,63],{"class":62},[44,162063,16217],{"class":97},[44,162065,434],{"class":62},[20,162067,1031],{},[35,162069,162071],{"className":37,"code":162070,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4 2\n",[15,162072,162073],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162074,162075,162077],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162076,1125],{"class":452},[44,162078,846],{"class":452},[20,162080,162081,162082,504],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162083,63949],{},[30,162085,91741,162087,162089],{"id":162086},"converting-zip-output",[15,162088,63949],{}," output",[20,162091,1692,162092,162094],{},[15,162093,63949],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[600,162096,103,162098],{"id":162097},"use-listzip",[15,162099,162100],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162102,162103],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[35,162105,162107],{"className":37,"code":162106,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162108,162109,162141,162161,162165,162187],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162110,162111,162113,162115,162117,162119,162121,162123,162125,162127,162129,162131,162133,162135,162137,162139],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162112,4822],{"class":50},[44,162114,55],{"class":54},[44,162116,3440],{"class":62},[44,162118,67],{"class":66},[44,162120,12705],{"class":70},[44,162122,67],{"class":66},[44,162124,186],{"class":62},[44,162126,1438],{"class":66},[44,162128,35766],{"class":70},[44,162130,67],{"class":66},[44,162132,186],{"class":62},[44,162134,1438],{"class":66},[44,162136,35775],{"class":70},[44,162138,67],{"class":66},[44,162140,3453],{"class":62},[44,162142,162143,162145,162147,162149,162151,162153,162155,162157,162159],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,162144,4891],{"class":50},[44,162146,55],{"class":54},[44,162148,3440],{"class":62},[44,162150,13328],{"class":452},[44,162152,186],{"class":62},[44,162154,13333],{"class":452},[44,162156,186],{"class":62},[44,162158,28751],{"class":452},[44,162160,3453],{"class":62},[44,162162,162163],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,162164,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,162166,162167,162169,162171,162173,162175,162177,162179,162181,162183,162185],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,162168,9037],{"class":50},[44,162170,55],{"class":54},[44,162172,22388],{"class":426},[44,162174,63],{"class":62},[44,162176,64019],{"class":58},[44,162178,63],{"class":62},[44,162180,4866],{"class":97},[44,162182,186],{"class":62},[44,162184,4938],{"class":97},[44,162186,434],{"class":62},[44,162188,162189,162191,162193,162195],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,162190,82],{"class":58},[44,162192,63],{"class":62},[44,162194,9084],{"class":97},[44,162196,76],{"class":62},[20,162198,1031],{},[35,162200,162202],{"className":37,"code":162201,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162203,162204],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162205,162206,162208,162210,162212,162214,162216,162218,162220,162222,162224,162226,162228,162230,162232,162234,162236,162238,162240,162242,162244,162246],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162207,21568],{"class":62},[44,162209,476],{"class":66},[44,162211,12705],{"class":70},[44,162213,476],{"class":66},[44,162215,186],{"class":62},[44,162217,19728],{"class":452},[44,162219,9055],{"class":62},[44,162221,9058],{"class":62},[44,162223,476],{"class":66},[44,162225,35766],{"class":70},[44,162227,476],{"class":66},[44,162229,186],{"class":62},[44,162231,13333],{"class":452},[44,162233,9055],{"class":62},[44,162235,9058],{"class":62},[44,162237,476],{"class":66},[44,162239,35775],{"class":70},[44,162241,476],{"class":66},[44,162243,186],{"class":62},[44,162245,28751],{"class":452},[44,162247,9071],{"class":62},[600,162249,103,162251],{"id":162250},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162252,162253],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162255,162256],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[35,162258,162260],{"className":37,"code":162259,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162261,162262,162294,162322,162326,162348],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162263,162264,162266,162268,162270,162272,162274,162276,162278,162280,162282,162284,162286,162288,162290,162292],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162265,17071],{"class":50},[44,162267,55],{"class":54},[44,162269,3440],{"class":62},[44,162271,67],{"class":66},[44,162273,652],{"class":70},[44,162275,67],{"class":66},[44,162277,186],{"class":62},[44,162279,1438],{"class":66},[44,162281,414],{"class":70},[44,162283,67],{"class":66},[44,162285,186],{"class":62},[44,162287,1438],{"class":66},[44,162289,10231],{"class":70},[44,162291,67],{"class":66},[44,162293,3453],{"class":62},[44,162295,162296,162298,162300,162302,162304,162306,162308,162310,162312,162314,162316,162318,162320],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,162297,3644],{"class":50},[44,162299,55],{"class":54},[44,162301,3440],{"class":62},[44,162303,67],{"class":66},[44,162305,12705],{"class":70},[44,162307,67],{"class":66},[44,162309,186],{"class":62},[44,162311,9127],{"class":452},[44,162313,186],{"class":62},[44,162315,1438],{"class":66},[44,162317,15859],{"class":70},[44,162319,67],{"class":66},[44,162321,3453],{"class":62},[44,162323,162324],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,162325,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,162327,162328,162330,162332,162334,162336,162338,162340,162342,162344,162346],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,162329,13030],{"class":50},[44,162331,55],{"class":54},[44,162333,8993],{"class":426},[44,162335,63],{"class":62},[44,162337,64019],{"class":58},[44,162339,63],{"class":62},[44,162341,16752],{"class":97},[44,162343,186],{"class":62},[44,162345,3708],{"class":97},[44,162347,434],{"class":62},[44,162349,162350,162352,162354,162356],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,162351,82],{"class":58},[44,162353,63],{"class":62},[44,162355,17136],{"class":97},[44,162357,76],{"class":62},[20,162359,1031],{},[35,162361,162363],{"className":37,"code":162362,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162364,162365],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162366,162367,162369,162371,162373,162375,162377,162379,162381,162383,162385,162387,162389,162391,162393,162395,162397,162399,162401,162403,162405,162407,162409,162411],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162368,9100],{"class":62},[44,162370,476],{"class":66},[44,162372,652],{"class":70},[44,162374,476],{"class":66},[44,162376,449],{"class":62},[44,162378,470],{"class":66},[44,162380,12705],{"class":70},[44,162382,476],{"class":66},[44,162384,186],{"class":62},[44,162386,470],{"class":66},[44,162388,414],{"class":70},[44,162390,476],{"class":66},[44,162392,449],{"class":62},[44,162394,9127],{"class":452},[44,162396,186],{"class":62},[44,162398,470],{"class":66},[44,162400,10231],{"class":70},[44,162402,476],{"class":66},[44,162404,449],{"class":62},[44,162406,470],{"class":66},[44,162408,15859],{"class":70},[44,162410,476],{"class":66},[44,162412,9130],{"class":62},[20,162414,162415,162416,504],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[491,162417,30914],{"href":30913},[600,162419,162421],{"id":162420},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162423,162424],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[35,162426,162428],{"className":37,"code":162427,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162429,162430,162454,162470,162474,162492,162496,162510],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162431,162432,162434,162436,162438,162440,162442,162444,162446,162448,162450,162452],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162433,4822],{"class":50},[44,162435,55],{"class":54},[44,162437,3440],{"class":62},[44,162439,67],{"class":66},[44,162441,12705],{"class":70},[44,162443,67],{"class":66},[44,162445,186],{"class":62},[44,162447,1438],{"class":66},[44,162449,35766],{"class":70},[44,162451,67],{"class":66},[44,162453,3453],{"class":62},[44,162455,162456,162458,162460,162462,162464,162466,162468],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,162457,4891],{"class":50},[44,162459,55],{"class":54},[44,162461,3440],{"class":62},[44,162463,13328],{"class":452},[44,162465,186],{"class":62},[44,162467,13333],{"class":452},[44,162469,3453],{"class":62},[44,162471,162472],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,162473,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,162475,162476,162478,162480,162482,162484,162486,162488,162490],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,162477,9037],{"class":50},[44,162479,55],{"class":54},[44,162481,161205],{"class":58},[44,162483,63],{"class":62},[44,162485,4866],{"class":97},[44,162487,186],{"class":62},[44,162489,4938],{"class":97},[44,162491,76],{"class":62},[44,162493,162494],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,162495,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,162497,162498,162500,162502,162504,162506,162508],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,162499,82],{"class":58},[44,162501,63],{"class":62},[44,162503,7921],{"class":426},[44,162505,63],{"class":62},[44,162507,9084],{"class":97},[44,162509,434],{"class":62},[44,162511,162512,162514,162516,162518,162520,162522],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,162513,82],{"class":58},[44,162515,63],{"class":62},[44,162517,7921],{"class":426},[44,162519,63],{"class":62},[44,162521,9084],{"class":97},[44,162523,434],{"class":62},[20,162525,1031],{},[35,162527,162529],{"className":37,"code":162528,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162530,162531,162561],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162532,162533,162535,162537,162539,162541,162543,162545,162547,162549,162551,162553,162555,162557,162559],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162534,21568],{"class":62},[44,162536,476],{"class":66},[44,162538,12705],{"class":70},[44,162540,476],{"class":66},[44,162542,186],{"class":62},[44,162544,19728],{"class":452},[44,162546,9055],{"class":62},[44,162548,9058],{"class":62},[44,162550,476],{"class":66},[44,162552,35766],{"class":70},[44,162554,476],{"class":66},[44,162556,186],{"class":62},[44,162558,13333],{"class":452},[44,162560,9071],{"class":62},[44,162562,162563],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,162564,38123],{"class":62},[20,162566,162567],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162569,162570,162571,504],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[491,162572,4964],{"href":5415},[30,162574,40870],{"id":40869},[20,162576,162577,162578,504],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162579,63949],{},[600,162581,162583],{"id":162582},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[35,162585,162587],{"className":37,"code":162586,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162588,162589,162621,162641,162645,162669],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162590,162591,162593,162595,162597,162599,162601,162603,162605,162607,162609,162611,162613,162615,162617,162619],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162592,4822],{"class":50},[44,162594,55],{"class":54},[44,162596,3440],{"class":62},[44,162598,67],{"class":66},[44,162600,12705],{"class":70},[44,162602,67],{"class":66},[44,162604,186],{"class":62},[44,162606,1438],{"class":66},[44,162608,35766],{"class":70},[44,162610,67],{"class":66},[44,162612,186],{"class":62},[44,162614,1438],{"class":66},[44,162616,35775],{"class":70},[44,162618,67],{"class":66},[44,162620,3453],{"class":62},[44,162622,162623,162625,162627,162629,162631,162633,162635,162637,162639],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,162624,4891],{"class":50},[44,162626,55],{"class":54},[44,162628,3440],{"class":62},[44,162630,13328],{"class":452},[44,162632,186],{"class":62},[44,162634,13333],{"class":452},[44,162636,186],{"class":62},[44,162638,28751],{"class":452},[44,162640,3453],{"class":62},[44,162642,162643],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,162644,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,162646,162647,162649,162651,162653,162655,162657,162659,162661,162663,162665,162667],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,162648,5787],{"class":1384},[44,162650,98],{"class":50},[44,162652,186],{"class":62},[44,162654,4933],{"class":50},[44,162656,3705],{"class":1384},[44,162658,161205],{"class":58},[44,162660,63],{"class":62},[44,162662,4866],{"class":97},[44,162664,186],{"class":62},[44,162666,4938],{"class":97},[44,162668,8167],{"class":62},[44,162670,162671,162673,162675,162677,162679,162681,162683,162685,162687,162689,162691,162693,162695],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,162672,1416],{"class":58},[44,162674,63],{"class":62},[44,162676,22122],{"class":466},[44,162678,67],{"class":70},[44,162680,9100],{"class":452},[44,162682,652],{"class":97},[44,162684,22131],{"class":452},[44,162686,22134],{"class":70},[44,162688,9100],{"class":452},[44,162690,85150],{"class":97},[44,162692,22131],{"class":452},[44,162694,67],{"class":70},[44,162696,76],{"class":62},[600,162698,162700],{"id":162699},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[35,162702,162704],{"className":37,"code":162703,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162705,162706,162738,162762,162766,162788],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162707,162708,162710,162712,162714,162716,162718,162720,162722,162724,162726,162728,162730,162732,162734,162736],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162709,17071],{"class":50},[44,162711,55],{"class":54},[44,162713,3440],{"class":62},[44,162715,67],{"class":66},[44,162717,12474],{"class":70},[44,162719,67],{"class":66},[44,162721,186],{"class":62},[44,162723,1438],{"class":66},[44,162725,652],{"class":70},[44,162727,67],{"class":66},[44,162729,186],{"class":62},[44,162731,1438],{"class":66},[44,162733,15649],{"class":70},[44,162735,67],{"class":66},[44,162737,3453],{"class":62},[44,162739,162740,162742,162744,162746,162748,162750,162752,162754,162756,162758,162760],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,162741,3644],{"class":50},[44,162743,55],{"class":54},[44,162745,3440],{"class":62},[44,162747,46216],{"class":452},[44,162749,186],{"class":62},[44,162751,1438],{"class":66},[44,162753,12705],{"class":70},[44,162755,67],{"class":66},[44,162757,186],{"class":62},[44,162759,3739],{"class":3674},[44,162761,3453],{"class":62},[44,162763,162764],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,162765,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,162767,162768,162770,162772,162774,162776,162778,162780,162782,162784,162786],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,162769,8988],{"class":50},[44,162771,55],{"class":54},[44,162773,8993],{"class":426},[44,162775,63],{"class":62},[44,162777,64019],{"class":58},[44,162779,63],{"class":62},[44,162781,16752],{"class":97},[44,162783,186],{"class":62},[44,162785,3708],{"class":97},[44,162787,434],{"class":62},[44,162789,162790,162792,162794,162796],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,162791,82],{"class":58},[44,162793,63],{"class":62},[44,162795,9026],{"class":97},[44,162797,76],{"class":62},[600,162799,162801],{"id":162800},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[35,162803,162805],{"className":37,"code":162804,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,162806,162807,162827,162847,162851,162876],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162808,162809,162811,162813,162815,162817,162819,162821,162823,162825],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162810,80288],{"class":50},[44,162812,55],{"class":54},[44,162814,3440],{"class":62},[44,162816,2161],{"class":452},[44,162818,186],{"class":62},[44,162820,7620],{"class":452},[44,162822,186],{"class":62},[44,162824,7625],{"class":452},[44,162826,3453],{"class":62},[44,162828,162829,162831,162833,162835,162837,162839,162841,162843,162845],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,162830,80309],{"class":50},[44,162832,55],{"class":54},[44,162834,3440],{"class":62},[44,162836,2161],{"class":452},[44,162838,186],{"class":62},[44,162840,9127],{"class":452},[44,162842,186],{"class":62},[44,162844,7625],{"class":452},[44,162846,3453],{"class":62},[44,162848,162849],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,162850,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,162852,162853,162855,162857,162859,162862,162864,162866,162868,162870,162872,162874],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,162854,5787],{"class":1384},[44,162856,56515],{"class":50},[44,162858,186],{"class":62},[44,162860,162861],{"class":50}," b ",[44,162863,3705],{"class":1384},[44,162865,161205],{"class":58},[44,162867,63],{"class":62},[44,162869,111380],{"class":97},[44,162871,186],{"class":62},[44,162873,80352],{"class":97},[44,162875,8167],{"class":62},[44,162877,162878,162880,162882,162884,162886,162888],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,162879,1416],{"class":58},[44,162881,63],{"class":62},[44,162883,1070],{"class":97},[44,162885,4515],{"class":54},[44,162887,1117],{"class":97},[44,162889,76],{"class":62},[20,162891,1031],{},[35,162893,162895],{"className":37,"code":162894,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,162896,162897,162901,162905],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162898,162899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162900,3803],{"class":3674},[44,162902,162903],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,162904,3864],{"class":3674},[44,162906,162907],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,162908,3803],{"class":3674},[600,162910,162912],{"id":162911},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[35,162914,162916],{"className":37,"code":162915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,162917,162918,162953,162976,162980,163007],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162919,162920,162923,162925,162927,162929,162931,162933,162935,162937,162940,162942,162944,162946,162949,162951],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162921,162922],{"class":50},"products ",[44,162924,55],{"class":54},[44,162926,3440],{"class":62},[44,162928,67],{"class":66},[44,162930,24970],{"class":70},[44,162932,67],{"class":66},[44,162934,186],{"class":62},[44,162936,1438],{"class":66},[44,162938,162939],{"class":70},"Pen",[44,162941,67],{"class":66},[44,162943,186],{"class":62},[44,162945,1438],{"class":66},[44,162947,162948],{"class":70},"Bag",[44,162950,67],{"class":66},[44,162952,3453],{"class":62},[44,162954,162955,162957,162959,162961,162964,162966,162969,162971,162974],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,162956,82678],{"class":50},[44,162958,55],{"class":54},[44,162960,3440],{"class":62},[44,162962,162963],{"class":452},"12.5",[44,162965,186],{"class":62},[44,162967,162968],{"class":452}," 1.2",[44,162970,186],{"class":62},[44,162972,162973],{"class":452}," 25.0",[44,162975,3453],{"class":62},[44,162977,162978],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,162979,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,162981,162982,162984,162986,162988,162991,162993,162995,162997,163000,163002,163005],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,162983,5787],{"class":1384},[44,162985,25031],{"class":50},[44,162987,186],{"class":62},[44,162989,162990],{"class":50}," price ",[44,162992,3705],{"class":1384},[44,162994,161205],{"class":58},[44,162996,63],{"class":62},[44,162998,162999],{"class":97},"products",[44,163001,186],{"class":62},[44,163003,163004],{"class":97}," prices",[44,163006,8167],{"class":62},[44,163008,163009,163011,163013,163015,163017,163019,163021,163023,163026,163028,163030,163032,163034],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,163010,1416],{"class":58},[44,163012,63],{"class":62},[44,163014,22122],{"class":466},[44,163016,67],{"class":70},[44,163018,9100],{"class":452},[44,163020,26839],{"class":97},[44,163022,22131],{"class":452},[44,163024,163025],{"class":70}," costs $",[44,163027,9100],{"class":452},[44,163029,24979],{"class":97},[44,163031,22131],{"class":452},[44,163033,67],{"class":70},[44,163035,76],{"class":62},[20,163037,36427,163038,504],{},[491,163039,163041],{"href":163040},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[30,163043,163045,163046],{"id":163044},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163047,63949],{},[600,163049,8279,163051,163053],{"id":163050},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163052,63949],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163055,163056,163058],{},[15,163057,63949],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163060,163061],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[35,163063,163065],{"className":37,"code":163064,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163066,163067],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163068,163069,163071,163073,163075,163077,163079,163081,163083,163085,163087],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163070,82],{"class":58},[44,163072,63],{"class":62},[44,163074,10986],{"class":58},[44,163076,63],{"class":62},[44,163078,111380],{"class":97},[44,163080,9055],{"class":62},[44,163082,38212],{"class":58},[44,163084,63],{"class":62},[44,163086,80575],{"class":97},[44,163088,434],{"class":62},[600,163090,163092],{"id":163091},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163094,68466],{},[35,163096,163098],{"className":37,"code":163097,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163099,163100,163136,163140,163153,163163,163167,163179],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163101,163102,163104,163106,163108,163110,163112,163114,163116,163118,163120,163122,163124,163126,163128,163130,163132,163134],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163103,9037],{"class":50},[44,163105,55],{"class":54},[44,163107,161205],{"class":58},[44,163109,2804],{"class":62},[44,163111,2807],{"class":452},[44,163113,186],{"class":62},[44,163115,2812],{"class":452},[44,163117,17892],{"class":62},[44,163119,3440],{"class":62},[44,163121,67],{"class":66},[44,163123,491],{"class":70},[44,163125,67],{"class":66},[44,163127,186],{"class":62},[44,163129,1438],{"class":66},[44,163131,4587],{"class":70},[44,163133,67],{"class":66},[44,163135,3711],{"class":62},[44,163137,163138],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,163139,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,163141,163142,163144,163146,163148,163151],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,163143,5787],{"class":1384},[44,163145,5790],{"class":50},[44,163147,3705],{"class":1384},[44,163149,163150],{"class":50}," pairs",[44,163152,1388],{"class":62},[44,163154,163155,163157,163159,163161],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,163156,1416],{"class":58},[44,163158,63],{"class":62},[44,163160,23139],{"class":97},[44,163162,76],{"class":62},[44,163164,163165],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,163166,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,163168,163169,163171,163173,163175,163177],{"class":46,"line":3221},[44,163170,5787],{"class":1384},[44,163172,5790],{"class":50},[44,163174,3705],{"class":1384},[44,163176,163150],{"class":50},[44,163178,1388],{"class":62},[44,163180,163181,163183,163185,163187],{"class":46,"line":6244},[44,163182,1416],{"class":58},[44,163184,63],{"class":62},[44,163186,23139],{"class":97},[44,163188,76],{"class":62},[20,163190,163191],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[600,163193,163195],{"id":163194},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163197,163198],{},"This is correct:",[35,163200,163202],{"className":37,"code":163201,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163203,163204,163228,163244,163248,163272],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163205,163206,163208,163210,163212,163214,163216,163218,163220,163222,163224,163226],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163207,4822],{"class":50},[44,163209,55],{"class":54},[44,163211,3440],{"class":62},[44,163213,67],{"class":66},[44,163215,12705],{"class":70},[44,163217,67],{"class":66},[44,163219,186],{"class":62},[44,163221,1438],{"class":66},[44,163223,35766],{"class":70},[44,163225,67],{"class":66},[44,163227,3453],{"class":62},[44,163229,163230,163232,163234,163236,163238,163240,163242],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,163231,4891],{"class":50},[44,163233,55],{"class":54},[44,163235,3440],{"class":62},[44,163237,13328],{"class":452},[44,163239,186],{"class":62},[44,163241,13333],{"class":452},[44,163243,3453],{"class":62},[44,163245,163246],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,163247,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,163249,163250,163252,163254,163256,163258,163260,163262,163264,163266,163268,163270],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,163251,5787],{"class":1384},[44,163253,98],{"class":50},[44,163255,186],{"class":62},[44,163257,4933],{"class":50},[44,163259,3705],{"class":1384},[44,163261,161205],{"class":58},[44,163263,63],{"class":62},[44,163265,4866],{"class":97},[44,163267,186],{"class":62},[44,163269,4938],{"class":97},[44,163271,8167],{"class":62},[44,163273,163274,163276,163278,163280,163282,163284],{"class":46,"line":811},[44,163275,1416],{"class":58},[44,163277,63],{"class":62},[44,163279,652],{"class":97},[44,163281,186],{"class":62},[44,163283,130493],{"class":97},[44,163285,76],{"class":62},[20,163287,163288],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[35,163290,163292],{"className":37,"code":163291,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163293,163294,163314],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163295,163296,163298,163300,163302,163304,163306,163308,163310,163312],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163297,5787],{"class":1384},[44,163299,5790],{"class":50},[44,163301,3705],{"class":1384},[44,163303,161205],{"class":58},[44,163305,63],{"class":62},[44,163307,4866],{"class":97},[44,163309,186],{"class":62},[44,163311,4938],{"class":97},[44,163313,8167],{"class":62},[44,163315,163316,163318,163320,163322],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,163317,1416],{"class":58},[44,163319,63],{"class":62},[44,163321,23139],{"class":97},[44,163323,76],{"class":62},[20,163325,1031],{},[35,163327,163329],{"className":37,"code":163328,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163330,163331,163347],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163332,163333,163335,163337,163339,163341,163343,163345],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163334,63],{"class":62},[44,163336,476],{"class":66},[44,163338,12705],{"class":70},[44,163340,476],{"class":66},[44,163342,186],{"class":62},[44,163344,19728],{"class":452},[44,163346,76],{"class":62},[44,163348,163349,163351,163353,163355,163357,163359,163361],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,163350,63],{"class":62},[44,163352,476],{"class":66},[44,163354,35766],{"class":70},[44,163356,476],{"class":66},[44,163358,186],{"class":62},[44,163360,13333],{"class":452},[44,163362,76],{"class":62},[20,163364,163365],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[600,163367,8243,163369,163371,163372],{"id":163368},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163370,63949],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163373,35576],{},[20,163375,103,163376,163378],{},[15,163377,63949],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163380,103,163381,163383],{},[15,163382,35576],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[35,163385,163386],{"className":37,"code":35743,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,163387,163388,163420,163424,163444],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163389,163390,163392,163394,163396,163398,163400,163402,163404,163406,163408,163410,163412,163414,163416,163418],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163391,4822],{"class":50},[44,163393,55],{"class":54},[44,163395,3440],{"class":62},[44,163397,67],{"class":66},[44,163399,12705],{"class":70},[44,163401,67],{"class":66},[44,163403,186],{"class":62},[44,163405,1438],{"class":66},[44,163407,35766],{"class":70},[44,163409,67],{"class":66},[44,163411,186],{"class":62},[44,163413,1438],{"class":66},[44,163415,35775],{"class":70},[44,163417,67],{"class":66},[44,163419,3453],{"class":62},[44,163421,163422],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,163423,808],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":807},[44,163425,163426,163428,163430,163432,163434,163436,163438,163440,163442],{"class":46,"line":419},[44,163427,5787],{"class":1384},[44,163429,35648],{"class":50},[44,163431,186],{"class":62},[44,163433,35794],{"class":50},[44,163435,3705],{"class":1384},[44,163437,35658],{"class":58},[44,163439,63],{"class":62},[44,163441,4866],{"class":97},[44,163443,8167],{"class":62},[44,163445,163446,163448,163450,163452,163454,163456],{"class":46,"line":804},[44,163447,1416],{"class":58},[44,163449,63],{"class":62},[44,163451,35673],{"class":97},[44,163453,186],{"class":62},[44,163455,98],{"class":97},[44,163457,76],{"class":62},[20,163459,163460,163461,504],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[491,163462,13,163463,1738],{"href":91653},[15,163464,35576],{},[30,163466,1651],{"id":1650},[600,163468,4970,163470,4973],{"id":163469},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163471,63949],{},[20,163473,163474],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[600,163476,1655,163478,163480],{"id":163477},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163479,63949],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163482,163483],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[600,163485,163487,163488,213],{"id":163486},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163489,63949],{},[20,163491,163492,163493,504],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163494,162100],{},[600,163496,163498,163499,213],{"id":163497},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163500,63949],{},[20,163502,127858,163503,163505],{},[15,163504,162253],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[600,163507,163509],{"id":163508},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163511,163512],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[30,163514,1719],{"id":1718},[126,163516,163517,163522,163528,163532,163536],{},[129,163518,163519],{},[491,163520,163521],{"href":163040},"How to use zip in Python",[129,163523,163524],{},[491,163525,13,163526,1738],{"href":91653},[15,163527,35576],{},[129,163529,163530],{},[491,163531,5044],{"href":5415},[129,163533,163534],{},[491,163535,69319],{"href":69242},[129,163537,163538],{},[491,163539,32086],{"href":30913},[1758,163541,163542],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":79,"depth":79,"links":163544},[163545,163546,163548,163549,163550,163551,163559,163565,163574,163585],{"id":32,"depth":79,"text":33},{"id":161264,"depth":79,"text":163547},"What zip() does",{"id":249,"depth":79,"text":250},{"id":161657,"depth":79,"text":161658},{"id":161834,"depth":79,"text":161835},{"id":162086,"depth":79,"text":163552,"children":163553},"Converting zip() output",[163554,163556,163558],{"id":162097,"depth":419,"text":163555},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162250,"depth":419,"text":163557},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162420,"depth":419,"text":162421},{"id":40869,"depth":79,"text":40870,"children":163560},[163561,163562,163563,163564],{"id":162582,"depth":419,"text":162583},{"id":162699,"depth":419,"text":162700},{"id":162800,"depth":419,"text":162801},{"id":162911,"depth":419,"text":162912},{"id":163044,"depth":79,"text":163566,"children":163567},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163568,163570,163571,163572],{"id":163050,"depth":419,"text":163569},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163091,"depth":419,"text":163092},{"id":163194,"depth":419,"text":163195},{"id":163368,"depth":419,"text":163573},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1650,"depth":79,"text":1651,"children":163575},[163576,163578,163580,163582,163584],{"id":163469,"depth":419,"text":163577},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163477,"depth":419,"text":163579},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163486,"depth":419,"text":163581},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163497,"depth":419,"text":163583},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163508,"depth":419,"text":163509},{"id":1718,"depth":79,"text":1719},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161106,"description":163586},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944960322]