[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":164204},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained":3,"nav-reference":2517},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2510,"extension":2511,"meta":2512,"navigation":254,"path":2513,"seo":2514,"stem":2515,"__hash__":2516},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md","Python int() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2462},"minimark",[9,19,26,32,55,58,63,146,149,169,175,182,187,190,204,207,310,312,361,367,371,402,409,412,431,433,487,489,509,515,521,524,544,546,621,623,642,654,661,666,669,731,733,754,757,760,776,783,787,849,851,873,877,1022,1024,1161,1175,1181,1187,1198,1264,1266,1291,1294,1313,1327,1333,1336,1370,1372,1385,1388,1434,1436,1444,1453,1457,1464,1468,1495,1497,1505,1511,1528,1533,1537,1564,1566,1574,1578,1584,1587,1613,1616,1625,1635,1639,1650,1655,1658,1660,1714,1716,1746,1756,1785,1787,1795,1809,1814,1817,1819,1868,1870,1918,1924,1975,1977,1996,2002,2007,2010,2030,2033,2088,2090,2099,2103,2108,2112,2115,2124,2131,2134,2162,2166,2168,2177,2180,2187,2193,2254,2258,2260,2268,2271,2297,2304,2307,2327,2329,2338,2347,2351,2358,2364,2372,2384,2392,2403,2407,2410,2414,2458],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-int-function-explained","Python ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"int()"," Function Explained",[20,21,22,23,25],"p",{},"The Python ",[15,24,17],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,27,28,29,31],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,30,17],{}," when they want to:",[33,34,35,46,49,52],"ul",{},[36,37,38,39,42,43],"li",{},"turn text like ",[15,40,41],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,44,45],{},"42",[36,47,48],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[36,50,51],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[36,53,54],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,56,57],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[59,60,62],"h2",{"id":61},"quick-example","Quick example",[64,65,70],"pre",{"className":66,"code":67,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n","python","",[15,71,72,103,120],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,74,77,81,85,89,91,95,98,100],"span",{"class":75,"line":76},"line",1,[73,78,80],{"class":79},"sptTA","print",[73,82,84],{"class":83},"sP7_E","(",[73,86,88],{"class":87},"sZMiF","int",[73,90,84],{"class":83},[73,92,94],{"class":93},"sjJ54","\"",[73,96,45],{"class":97},"s_sjI",[73,99,94],{"class":93},[73,101,102],{"class":83},"))\n",[73,104,106,108,110,112,114,118],{"class":75,"line":105},2,[73,107,80],{"class":79},[73,109,84],{"class":83},[73,111,88],{"class":87},[73,113,84],{"class":83},[73,115,117],{"class":116},"srdBf","3.9",[73,119,102],{"class":83},[73,121,123,125,127,129,131,133,136,138,141,144],{"class":75,"line":122},3,[73,124,80],{"class":79},[73,126,84],{"class":83},[73,128,88],{"class":87},[73,130,84],{"class":83},[73,132,94],{"class":93},[73,134,135],{"class":97},"101",[73,137,94],{"class":93},[73,139,140],{"class":83},",",[73,142,143],{"class":116}," 2",[73,145,102],{"class":83},[20,147,148],{},"Output:",[64,150,152],{"className":66,"code":151,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,153,154,159,164],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155,156],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157,158],{"class":116},"42\n",[73,160,161],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,162,163],{"class":116},"3\n",[73,165,166],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,167,168],{"class":116},"5\n",[20,170,171,172,174],{},"Use ",[15,173,17],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[59,176,178,179,181],{"id":177},"what-int-does","What ",[15,180,17],{}," does",[20,183,184,186],{},[15,185,17],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,188,189],{},"Key points:",[33,191,192,198,201],{},[36,193,194,195,197],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,196,88],{}," values.",[36,199,200],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[36,202,203],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,205,206],{},"Example:",[64,208,210],{"className":66,"code":209,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,211,212,231,250,256,267,279,295],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,213,214,218,222,225,228],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,215,217],{"class":216},"su5hD","text ",[73,219,221],{"class":220},"smGrS","=",[73,223,224],{"class":93}," \"",[73,226,227],{"class":97},"25",[73,229,230],{"class":93},"\"\n",[73,232,233,236,238,241,243,247],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,234,235],{"class":216},"number ",[73,237,221],{"class":220},[73,239,240],{"class":87}," int",[73,242,84],{"class":83},[73,244,246],{"class":245},"slqww","text",[73,248,249],{"class":83},")\n",[73,251,252],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,253,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},true,"\n",[73,257,259,261,263,265],{"class":75,"line":258},4,[73,260,80],{"class":79},[73,262,84],{"class":83},[73,264,246],{"class":245},[73,266,249],{"class":83},[73,268,270,272,274,277],{"class":75,"line":269},5,[73,271,80],{"class":79},[73,273,84],{"class":83},[73,275,276],{"class":245},"number",[73,278,249],{"class":83},[73,280,282,284,286,289,291,293],{"class":75,"line":281},6,[73,283,80],{"class":79},[73,285,84],{"class":83},[73,287,288],{"class":87},"type",[73,290,84],{"class":83},[73,292,246],{"class":245},[73,294,102],{"class":83},[73,296,298,300,302,304,306,308],{"class":75,"line":297},7,[73,299,80],{"class":79},[73,301,84],{"class":83},[73,303,288],{"class":87},[73,305,84],{"class":83},[73,307,276],{"class":245},[73,309,102],{"class":83},[20,311,148],{},[64,313,315],{"className":66,"code":314,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,316,317,322,326,347],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,318,319],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,320,321],{"class":116},"25\n",[73,323,324],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,325,321],{"class":116},[73,327,328,331,335,338,341,344],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,329,330],{"class":220},"\u003C",[73,332,334],{"class":333},"sbsja","class",[73,336,337],{"class":93}," '",[73,339,340],{"class":97},"str",[73,342,343],{"class":93},"'",[73,345,346],{"class":220},">\n",[73,348,349,351,353,355,357,359],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,350,330],{"class":220},[73,352,334],{"class":333},[73,354,337],{"class":93},[73,356,88],{"class":97},[73,358,343],{"class":93},[73,360,346],{"class":220},[20,362,363,364,366],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,365,17],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[59,368,370],{"id":369},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[64,372,374],{"className":66,"code":373,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,375,376,387],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,377,378,380,382,385],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,379,88],{"class":87},[73,381,84],{"class":83},[73,383,384],{"class":245},"x",[73,386,249],{"class":83},[73,388,389,391,393,395,397,400],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,390,88],{"class":87},[73,392,84],{"class":83},[73,394,384],{"class":245},[73,396,140],{"class":83},[73,398,399],{"class":245}," base",[73,401,249],{"class":83},[403,404,406],"h3",{"id":405},"intx",[15,407,408],{},"int(x)",[20,410,411],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[33,413,414,420,425],{},[36,415,416,417],{},"a string such as ",[15,418,419],{},"\"10\"",[36,421,422,423],{},"a float such as ",[15,424,117],{},[36,426,427,428],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,429,430],{},"True",[20,432,206],{},[64,434,436],{"className":66,"code":435,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,437,438,457,472],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,439,440,442,444,446,448,450,453,455],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,441,80],{"class":79},[73,443,84],{"class":83},[73,445,88],{"class":87},[73,447,84],{"class":83},[73,449,94],{"class":93},[73,451,452],{"class":97},"10",[73,454,94],{"class":93},[73,456,102],{"class":83},[73,458,459,461,463,465,467,470],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,460,80],{"class":79},[73,462,84],{"class":83},[73,464,88],{"class":87},[73,466,84],{"class":83},[73,468,469],{"class":116},"8.7",[73,471,102],{"class":83},[73,473,474,476,478,480,482,485],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,475,80],{"class":79},[73,477,84],{"class":83},[73,479,88],{"class":87},[73,481,84],{"class":83},[73,483,430],{"class":484},"s39Yj",[73,486,102],{"class":83},[20,488,148],{},[64,490,492],{"className":66,"code":491,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,493,494,499,504],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,495,496],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,497,498],{"class":116},"10\n",[73,500,501],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,502,503],{"class":116},"8\n",[73,505,506],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,507,508],{"class":116},"1\n",[403,510,512],{"id":511},"intx-base",[15,513,514],{},"int(x, base)",[20,516,517,518,520],{},"Use this form when ",[15,519,384],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,522,523],{},"Common bases:",[33,525,526,532,538],{},[36,527,528,531],{},[15,529,530],{},"2"," for binary",[36,533,534,537],{},[15,535,536],{},"8"," for octal",[36,539,540,543],{},[15,541,542],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,545,206],{},[64,547,549],{"className":66,"code":548,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,550,551,573,597],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,552,553,555,557,559,561,563,565,567,569,571],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,554,80],{"class":79},[73,556,84],{"class":83},[73,558,88],{"class":87},[73,560,84],{"class":83},[73,562,94],{"class":93},[73,564,135],{"class":97},[73,566,94],{"class":93},[73,568,140],{"class":83},[73,570,143],{"class":116},[73,572,102],{"class":83},[73,574,575,577,579,581,583,585,588,590,592,595],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,576,80],{"class":79},[73,578,84],{"class":83},[73,580,88],{"class":87},[73,582,84],{"class":83},[73,584,94],{"class":93},[73,586,587],{"class":97},"17",[73,589,94],{"class":93},[73,591,140],{"class":83},[73,593,594],{"class":116}," 8",[73,596,102],{"class":83},[73,598,599,601,603,605,607,609,612,614,616,619],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,600,80],{"class":79},[73,602,84],{"class":83},[73,604,88],{"class":87},[73,606,84],{"class":83},[73,608,94],{"class":93},[73,610,611],{"class":97},"1A",[73,613,94],{"class":93},[73,615,140],{"class":83},[73,617,618],{"class":116}," 16",[73,620,102],{"class":83},[20,622,148],{},[64,624,626],{"className":66,"code":625,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,627,628,632,637],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,629,630],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,631,168],{"class":116},[73,633,634],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,635,636],{"class":116},"15\n",[73,638,639],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,640,641],{"class":116},"26\n",[20,643,644,645,653],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[646,647,649,652],"a",{"href":648},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,650,651],{},"float()"," function",".",[59,655,657,658,660],{"id":656},"using-int-with-strings","Using ",[15,659,17],{}," with strings",[20,662,663,665],{},[15,664,17],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,667,668],{},"Examples that work:",[64,670,672],{"className":66,"code":671,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,673,674,693,712],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,675,676,678,680,682,684,686,689,691],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,677,80],{"class":79},[73,679,84],{"class":83},[73,681,88],{"class":87},[73,683,84],{"class":83},[73,685,94],{"class":93},[73,687,688],{"class":97},"5",[73,690,94],{"class":93},[73,692,102],{"class":83},[73,694,695,697,699,701,703,705,708,710],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,696,80],{"class":79},[73,698,84],{"class":83},[73,700,88],{"class":87},[73,702,84],{"class":83},[73,704,94],{"class":93},[73,706,707],{"class":97},"-12",[73,709,94],{"class":93},[73,711,102],{"class":83},[73,713,714,716,718,720,722,724,727,729],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,715,80],{"class":79},[73,717,84],{"class":83},[73,719,88],{"class":87},[73,721,84],{"class":83},[73,723,94],{"class":93},[73,725,726],{"class":97},"  42  ",[73,728,94],{"class":93},[73,730,102],{"class":83},[20,732,148],{},[64,734,736],{"className":66,"code":735,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,737,738,742,750],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,739,740],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,741,168],{"class":116},[73,743,744,747],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,745,746],{"class":220},"-",[73,748,749],{"class":116},"12\n",[73,751,752],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,753,158],{"class":116},[20,755,756],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,758,759],{},"Examples that fail:",[64,761,763],{"className":66,"code":762,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,764,765,771],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,766,767],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,768,770],{"class":769},"sutJx","# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[73,772,773],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,774,775],{"class":769},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,777,778,779,782],{},"These raise ",[15,780,781],{},"ValueError"," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[403,784,786],{"id":785},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[64,788,790],{"className":66,"code":789,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,791,792,811,830],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,793,794,796,798,800,802,804,807,809],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,795,80],{"class":79},[73,797,84],{"class":83},[73,799,88],{"class":87},[73,801,84],{"class":83},[73,803,94],{"class":93},[73,805,806],{"class":97},"0",[73,808,94],{"class":93},[73,810,102],{"class":83},[73,812,813,815,817,819,821,823,826,828],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,814,80],{"class":79},[73,816,84],{"class":83},[73,818,88],{"class":87},[73,820,84],{"class":83},[73,822,94],{"class":93},[73,824,825],{"class":97},"+7",[73,827,94],{"class":93},[73,829,102],{"class":83},[73,831,832,834,836,838,840,842,845,847],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,833,80],{"class":79},[73,835,84],{"class":83},[73,837,88],{"class":87},[73,839,84],{"class":83},[73,841,94],{"class":93},[73,843,844],{"class":97},"-100",[73,846,94],{"class":93},[73,848,102],{"class":83},[20,850,148],{},[64,852,854],{"className":66,"code":853,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,855,856,861,866],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,857,858],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,859,860],{"class":116},"0\n",[73,862,863],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,864,865],{"class":116},"7\n",[73,867,868,870],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,869,746],{"class":220},[73,871,872],{"class":116},"100\n",[403,874,876],{"id":875},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[64,878,880],{"className":66,"code":879,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,881,882,925,929,947,954,970,986],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,883,884,887,889,892,894,897,899,901,903,906,908,910,913,915,917,920,922],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,885,886],{"class":216},"values ",[73,888,221],{"class":220},[73,890,891],{"class":83}," [",[73,893,94],{"class":93},[73,895,896],{"class":97},"3.14",[73,898,94],{"class":93},[73,900,140],{"class":83},[73,902,224],{"class":93},[73,904,905],{"class":97},"12abc",[73,907,94],{"class":93},[73,909,140],{"class":83},[73,911,912],{"class":93}," \"\"",[73,914,140],{"class":83},[73,916,224],{"class":93},[73,918,919],{"class":97},"seven",[73,921,94],{"class":93},[73,923,924],{"class":83},"]\n",[73,926,927],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,928,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,930,931,935,938,941,944],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,932,934],{"class":933},"sVHd0","for",[73,936,937],{"class":216}," value ",[73,939,940],{"class":933},"in",[73,942,943],{"class":216}," values",[73,945,946],{"class":83},":\n",[73,948,949,952],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,950,951],{"class":933},"    try",[73,953,946],{"class":83},[73,955,956,959,961,963,965,968],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,957,958],{"class":79},"        print",[73,960,84],{"class":83},[73,962,88],{"class":87},[73,964,84],{"class":83},[73,966,967],{"class":245},"value",[73,969,102],{"class":83},[73,971,972,975,978,981,984],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,973,974],{"class":933},"    except",[73,976,977],{"class":87}," ValueError",[73,979,980],{"class":933}," as",[73,982,983],{"class":216}," error",[73,985,946],{"class":83},[73,987,988,990,992,995,997,1000,1002,1005,1008,1011,1013,1016,1018,1020],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,989,958],{"class":79},[73,991,84],{"class":83},[73,993,994],{"class":333},"f",[73,996,94],{"class":97},[73,998,999],{"class":116},"{",[73,1001,967],{"class":245},[73,1003,1004],{"class":333},"!r",[73,1006,1007],{"class":116},"}",[73,1009,1010],{"class":97}," -> ",[73,1012,999],{"class":116},[73,1014,1015],{"class":245},"error",[73,1017,1007],{"class":116},[73,1019,94],{"class":97},[73,1021,249],{"class":83},[20,1023,148],{},[64,1025,1027],{"className":66,"code":1026,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,1028,1029,1071,1103,1129],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,1030,1031,1034,1037,1039,1043,1046,1048,1050,1053,1056,1059,1061,1064,1066,1068],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,1032,343],{"class":1033},"s2W-s",[73,1035,896],{"class":1036},"sithA",[73,1038,343],{"class":1033},[73,1040,1042],{"class":1041},"srjyR"," ->",[73,1044,1045],{"class":216}," invalid literal ",[73,1047,934],{"class":933},[73,1049,240],{"class":87},[73,1051,1052],{"class":83},"()",[73,1054,1055],{"class":933}," with",[73,1057,1058],{"class":216}," base ",[73,1060,452],{"class":116},[73,1062,1063],{"class":83},":",[73,1065,337],{"class":93},[73,1067,896],{"class":97},[73,1069,1070],{"class":93},"'\n",[73,1072,1073,1075,1077,1079,1081,1083,1085,1087,1089,1091,1093,1095,1097,1099,1101],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,1074,343],{"class":93},[73,1076,905],{"class":97},[73,1078,343],{"class":93},[73,1080,1042],{"class":1041},[73,1082,1045],{"class":216},[73,1084,934],{"class":933},[73,1086,240],{"class":87},[73,1088,1052],{"class":83},[73,1090,1055],{"class":933},[73,1092,1058],{"class":216},[73,1094,452],{"class":116},[73,1096,1063],{"class":83},[73,1098,337],{"class":93},[73,1100,905],{"class":97},[73,1102,1070],{"class":93},[73,1104,1105,1108,1110,1112,1114,1116,1118,1120,1122,1124,1126],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,1106,1107],{"class":93},"''",[73,1109,1042],{"class":1041},[73,1111,1045],{"class":216},[73,1113,934],{"class":933},[73,1115,240],{"class":87},[73,1117,1052],{"class":83},[73,1119,1055],{"class":933},[73,1121,1058],{"class":216},[73,1123,452],{"class":116},[73,1125,1063],{"class":83},[73,1127,1128],{"class":93}," ''\n",[73,1130,1131,1133,1135,1137,1139,1141,1143,1145,1147,1149,1151,1153,1155,1157,1159],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,1132,343],{"class":93},[73,1134,919],{"class":97},[73,1136,343],{"class":93},[73,1138,1042],{"class":1041},[73,1140,1045],{"class":216},[73,1142,934],{"class":933},[73,1144,240],{"class":87},[73,1146,1052],{"class":83},[73,1148,1055],{"class":933},[73,1150,1058],{"class":216},[73,1152,452],{"class":116},[73,1154,1063],{"class":83},[73,1156,337],{"class":93},[73,1158,919],{"class":97},[73,1160,1070],{"class":93},[20,1162,1163,1164,1168,1169,653],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[646,1165,1167],{"href":1166},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python"," and the ",[646,1170,1172,652],{"href":1171},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,1173,1174],{},"input()",[59,1176,657,1178,1180],{"id":1177},"using-int-with-floats",[15,1179,17],{}," with floats",[20,1182,1183,1184,1186],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,1185,17],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,1188,1189,1190,1192,1193,1197],{},"Important: ",[15,1191,17],{}," does ",[1194,1195,1196],"strong",{},"not"," round. It truncates toward zero.",[64,1199,1201],{"className":66,"code":1200,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,1202,1203,1217,1232,1248],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,1204,1205,1207,1209,1211,1213,1215],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,1206,80],{"class":79},[73,1208,84],{"class":83},[73,1210,88],{"class":87},[73,1212,84],{"class":83},[73,1214,117],{"class":116},[73,1216,102],{"class":83},[73,1218,1219,1221,1223,1225,1227,1230],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,1220,80],{"class":79},[73,1222,84],{"class":83},[73,1224,88],{"class":87},[73,1226,84],{"class":83},[73,1228,1229],{"class":116},"3.1",[73,1231,102],{"class":83},[73,1233,1234,1236,1238,1240,1242,1244,1246],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,1235,80],{"class":79},[73,1237,84],{"class":83},[73,1239,88],{"class":87},[73,1241,84],{"class":83},[73,1243,746],{"class":220},[73,1245,117],{"class":116},[73,1247,102],{"class":83},[73,1249,1250,1252,1254,1256,1258,1260,1262],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,1251,80],{"class":79},[73,1253,84],{"class":83},[73,1255,88],{"class":87},[73,1257,84],{"class":83},[73,1259,746],{"class":220},[73,1261,1229],{"class":116},[73,1263,102],{"class":83},[20,1265,148],{},[64,1267,1269],{"className":66,"code":1268,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,1270,1271,1275,1279,1285],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,1272,1273],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,1274,163],{"class":116},[73,1276,1277],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,1278,163],{"class":116},[73,1280,1281,1283],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,1282,746],{"class":220},[73,1284,163],{"class":116},[73,1286,1287,1289],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,1288,746],{"class":220},[73,1290,163],{"class":116},[20,1292,1293],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[33,1295,1296,1305],{},[36,1297,1298,1301,1302],{},[15,1299,1300],{},"int(3.9)"," becomes ",[15,1303,1304],{},"3",[36,1306,1307,1301,1310],{},[15,1308,1309],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,1311,1312],{},"-3",[20,1314,1315,1316,1320,1321,653],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[646,1317,1318],{"href":648},[15,1319,651],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[646,1322,1324],{"href":1323},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F",[15,1325,1326],{},"str()",[59,1328,657,1330,1332],{"id":1329},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,1331,17],{}," with booleans",[20,1334,1335],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[64,1337,1339],{"className":66,"code":1338,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,1340,1341,1355],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,1342,1343,1345,1347,1349,1351,1353],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,1344,80],{"class":79},[73,1346,84],{"class":83},[73,1348,88],{"class":87},[73,1350,84],{"class":83},[73,1352,430],{"class":484},[73,1354,102],{"class":83},[73,1356,1357,1359,1361,1363,1365,1368],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,1358,80],{"class":79},[73,1360,84],{"class":83},[73,1362,88],{"class":87},[73,1364,84],{"class":83},[73,1366,1367],{"class":484},"False",[73,1369,102],{"class":83},[20,1371,148],{},[64,1373,1375],{"className":66,"code":1374,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"1\n0\n",[15,1376,1377,1381],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,1378,1379],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,1380,508],{"class":116},[73,1382,1383],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,1384,860],{"class":116},[20,1386,1387],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[64,1389,1391],{"className":66,"code":1390,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,1392,1393,1403,1419,1423],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,1394,1395,1398,1400],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,1396,1397],{"class":216},"passed ",[73,1399,221],{"class":220},[73,1401,1402],{"class":484}," True\n",[73,1404,1405,1408,1410,1412,1414,1417],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,1406,1407],{"class":216},"total ",[73,1409,221],{"class":220},[73,1411,240],{"class":87},[73,1413,84],{"class":83},[73,1415,1416],{"class":245},"passed",[73,1418,249],{"class":83},[73,1420,1421],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,1422,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,1424,1425,1427,1429,1432],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,1426,80],{"class":79},[73,1428,84],{"class":83},[73,1430,1431],{"class":245},"total",[73,1433,249],{"class":83},[20,1435,148],{},[64,1437,1438],{"className":66,"code":508,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,1439,1440],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,1441,1442],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,1443,508],{"class":116},[20,1445,1446,1447,653],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[646,1448,1450,652],{"href":1449},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,1451,1452],{},"bool()",[59,1454,1456],{"id":1455},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,1458,1459,1460,1463],{},"Use the ",[15,1461,1462],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[403,1465,1467],{"id":1466},"binary-example","Binary example",[64,1469,1471],{"className":66,"code":1470,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,1472,1473],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,1474,1475,1477,1479,1481,1483,1485,1487,1489,1491,1493],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,1476,80],{"class":79},[73,1478,84],{"class":83},[73,1480,88],{"class":87},[73,1482,84],{"class":83},[73,1484,94],{"class":93},[73,1486,135],{"class":97},[73,1488,94],{"class":93},[73,1490,140],{"class":83},[73,1492,143],{"class":116},[73,1494,102],{"class":83},[20,1496,148],{},[64,1498,1499],{"className":66,"code":168,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,1500,1501],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,1502,1503],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,1504,168],{"class":116},[20,1506,1507,1510],{},[15,1508,1509],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[33,1512,1513,1518,1523],{},[36,1514,1515],{},[15,1516,1517],{},"1 × 4",[36,1519,1520],{},[15,1521,1522],{},"0 × 2",[36,1524,1525],{},[15,1526,1527],{},"1 × 1",[20,1529,1530,1531,653],{},"So the result is ",[15,1532,688],{},[403,1534,1536],{"id":1535},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[64,1538,1540],{"className":66,"code":1539,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,1541,1542],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,1543,1544,1546,1548,1550,1552,1554,1556,1558,1560,1562],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,1545,80],{"class":79},[73,1547,84],{"class":83},[73,1549,88],{"class":87},[73,1551,84],{"class":83},[73,1553,94],{"class":93},[73,1555,611],{"class":97},[73,1557,94],{"class":93},[73,1559,140],{"class":83},[73,1561,618],{"class":116},[73,1563,102],{"class":83},[20,1565,148],{},[64,1567,1568],{"className":66,"code":641,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,1569,1570],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,1571,1572],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,1573,641],{"class":116},[403,1575,1577],{"id":1576},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,1579,1580,1581,1583],{},"The ",[15,1582,1462],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,1585,1586],{},"Good:",[64,1588,1589],{"className":66,"code":1470,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,1590,1591],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,1592,1593,1595,1597,1599,1601,1603,1605,1607,1609,1611],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,1594,80],{"class":79},[73,1596,84],{"class":83},[73,1598,88],{"class":87},[73,1600,84],{"class":83},[73,1602,94],{"class":93},[73,1604,135],{"class":97},[73,1606,94],{"class":93},[73,1608,140],{"class":83},[73,1610,143],{"class":116},[73,1612,102],{"class":83},[20,1614,1615],{},"Not correct:",[64,1617,1619],{"className":66,"code":1618,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,1620,1621],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,1622,1623],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,1624,1618],{"class":769},[20,1626,1627,1628,1631,1632,1634],{},"That causes a ",[15,1629,1630],{},"TypeError"," because ",[15,1633,1462],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[59,1636,1638],{"id":1637},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,1640,1641,1642,1644,1645,1647,1648,653],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,1643,17],{}," are ",[15,1646,781],{}," and ",[15,1649,1630],{},[403,1651,1653],{"id":1652},"valueerror",[15,1654,781],{},[20,1656,1657],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,1659,206],{},[64,1661,1663],{"className":66,"code":1662,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,1664,1665,1672,1691,1704],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,1666,1667,1670],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,1668,1669],{"class":933},"try",[73,1671,946],{"class":83},[73,1673,1674,1677,1679,1681,1683,1685,1687,1689],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,1675,1676],{"class":79},"    print",[73,1678,84],{"class":83},[73,1680,88],{"class":87},[73,1682,84],{"class":83},[73,1684,94],{"class":93},[73,1686,896],{"class":97},[73,1688,94],{"class":93},[73,1690,102],{"class":83},[73,1692,1693,1696,1698,1700,1702],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,1694,1695],{"class":933},"except",[73,1697,977],{"class":87},[73,1699,980],{"class":933},[73,1701,983],{"class":216},[73,1703,946],{"class":83},[73,1705,1706,1708,1710,1712],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,1707,1676],{"class":79},[73,1709,84],{"class":83},[73,1711,1015],{"class":245},[73,1713,249],{"class":83},[20,1715,148],{},[64,1717,1719],{"className":66,"code":1718,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,1720,1721],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,1722,1723,1726,1728,1730,1732,1734,1736,1738,1740,1742,1744],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,1724,1725],{"class":216},"invalid literal ",[73,1727,934],{"class":933},[73,1729,240],{"class":87},[73,1731,1052],{"class":83},[73,1733,1055],{"class":933},[73,1735,1058],{"class":216},[73,1737,452],{"class":116},[73,1739,1063],{"class":83},[73,1741,337],{"class":93},[73,1743,896],{"class":97},[73,1745,1070],{"class":93},[20,1747,1748,1749,1752,1753,1755],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,1750,1751],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,1754,17],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[64,1757,1759],{"className":66,"code":1758,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,1760,1761],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,1762,1763,1765,1767,1769,1771,1774,1776,1778,1780,1782],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,1764,80],{"class":79},[73,1766,84],{"class":83},[73,1768,88],{"class":87},[73,1770,84],{"class":83},[73,1772,1773],{"class":87},"float",[73,1775,84],{"class":83},[73,1777,94],{"class":93},[73,1779,896],{"class":97},[73,1781,94],{"class":93},[73,1783,1784],{"class":83},")))\n",[20,1786,148],{},[64,1788,1789],{"className":66,"code":163,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,1790,1791],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,1792,1793],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,1794,163],{"class":116},[20,1796,1797,1798,1647,1802,653],{},"If you see this often, read ",[646,1799,1801],{"href":1800},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert string to int in Python",[646,1803,1805,1806],{"href":1804},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,1807,1808],{},"ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[403,1810,1812],{"id":1811},"typeerror",[15,1813,1630],{},[20,1815,1816],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,1818,206],{},[64,1820,1822],{"className":66,"code":1821,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,1823,1824,1830,1845,1858],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,1825,1826,1828],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,1827,1669],{"class":933},[73,1829,946],{"class":83},[73,1831,1832,1834,1836,1838,1840,1843],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,1833,1676],{"class":79},[73,1835,84],{"class":83},[73,1837,88],{"class":87},[73,1839,84],{"class":83},[73,1841,1842],{"class":484},"None",[73,1844,102],{"class":83},[73,1846,1847,1849,1852,1854,1856],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,1848,1695],{"class":933},[73,1850,1851],{"class":87}," TypeError",[73,1853,980],{"class":933},[73,1855,983],{"class":216},[73,1857,946],{"class":83},[73,1859,1860,1862,1864,1866],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,1861,1676],{"class":79},[73,1863,84],{"class":83},[73,1865,1015],{"class":245},[73,1867,249],{"class":83},[20,1869,148],{},[64,1871,1873],{"className":66,"code":1872,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,1874,1875],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,1876,1877,1879,1881,1884,1886,1889,1892,1894,1897,1900,1903,1906,1908,1911,1913,1916],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,1878,88],{"class":87},[73,1880,1052],{"class":83},[73,1882,1883],{"class":216}," argument must be a string",[73,1885,140],{"class":83},[73,1887,1888],{"class":216}," a ",[73,1890,1891],{"class":87},"bytes",[73,1893,746],{"class":220},[73,1895,1896],{"class":216},"like ",[73,1898,1899],{"class":87},"object",[73,1901,1902],{"class":220}," or",[73,1904,1905],{"class":216}," a real number",[73,1907,140],{"class":83},[73,1909,1910],{"class":220}," not",[73,1912,337],{"class":93},[73,1914,1915],{"class":97},"NoneType",[73,1917,1070],{"class":93},[20,1919,1920,1921,1923],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,1922,1462],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[64,1925,1927],{"className":66,"code":1926,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,1928,1929,1935,1953,1965],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,1930,1931,1933],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,1932,1669],{"class":933},[73,1934,946],{"class":83},[73,1936,1937,1939,1941,1943,1945,1947,1949,1951],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,1938,1676],{"class":79},[73,1940,84],{"class":83},[73,1942,88],{"class":87},[73,1944,84],{"class":83},[73,1946,135],{"class":116},[73,1948,140],{"class":83},[73,1950,143],{"class":116},[73,1952,102],{"class":83},[73,1954,1955,1957,1959,1961,1963],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,1956,1695],{"class":933},[73,1958,1851],{"class":87},[73,1960,980],{"class":933},[73,1962,983],{"class":216},[73,1964,946],{"class":83},[73,1966,1967,1969,1971,1973],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,1968,1676],{"class":79},[73,1970,84],{"class":83},[73,1972,1015],{"class":245},[73,1974,249],{"class":83},[20,1976,148],{},[64,1978,1980],{"className":66,"code":1979,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,1981,1982],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,1983,1984,1986,1988,1991,1993],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,1985,88],{"class":87},[73,1987,1052],{"class":83},[73,1989,1990],{"class":216}," can",[73,1992,343],{"class":93},[73,1994,1995],{"class":97},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[59,1997,1999,2000],{"id":1998},"when-to-use-int","When to use ",[15,2001,17],{},[20,2003,171,2004,2006],{},[15,2005,17],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,2008,2009],{},"Common uses:",[33,2011,2012,2018,2021,2024],{},[36,2013,2014,2015,2017],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,2016,1174],{}," into integers",[36,2019,2020],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[36,2022,2023],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[36,2025,2026,2027,2029],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,2028,1462],{}," argument",[20,2031,2032],{},"Example with user input:",[64,2034,2036],{"className":66,"code":2035,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,2037,2038,2052,2068,2072],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2039,2040,2043,2045,2047,2050],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2041,2042],{"class":216},"age_text ",[73,2044,221],{"class":220},[73,2046,224],{"class":93},[73,2048,2049],{"class":97},"18",[73,2051,230],{"class":93},[73,2053,2054,2057,2059,2061,2063,2066],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,2055,2056],{"class":216},"age ",[73,2058,221],{"class":220},[73,2060,240],{"class":87},[73,2062,84],{"class":83},[73,2064,2065],{"class":245},"age_text",[73,2067,249],{"class":83},[73,2069,2070],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,2071,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,2073,2074,2076,2078,2080,2083,2086],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,2075,80],{"class":79},[73,2077,84],{"class":83},[73,2079,2056],{"class":245},[73,2081,2082],{"class":220},"+",[73,2084,2085],{"class":116}," 1",[73,2087,249],{"class":83},[20,2089,148],{},[64,2091,2093],{"className":66,"code":2092,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"19\n",[15,2094,2095],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2096,2097],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2098,2092],{"class":116},[59,2100,2102],{"id":2101},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,2104,2105,2106,653],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,2107,17],{},[403,2109,2111],{"id":2110},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,2113,2114],{},"This fails:",[64,2116,2118],{"className":66,"code":2117,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,2119,2120],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2121,2122],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2123,2117],{"class":769},[20,2125,2126,2127,2130],{},"Why: ",[15,2128,2129],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,2132,2133],{},"Use this instead:",[64,2135,2137],{"className":66,"code":2136,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,2138,2139],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2140,2141,2143,2145,2147,2149,2151,2153,2155,2158,2160],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2142,80],{"class":79},[73,2144,84],{"class":83},[73,2146,88],{"class":87},[73,2148,84],{"class":83},[73,2150,1773],{"class":87},[73,2152,84],{"class":83},[73,2154,94],{"class":93},[73,2156,2157],{"class":97},"4.5",[73,2159,94],{"class":93},[73,2161,1784],{"class":83},[403,2163,2165],{"id":2164},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,2167,2114],{},[64,2169,2171],{"className":66,"code":2170,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,2172,2173],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2174,2175],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2176,2170],{"class":769},[20,2178,2179],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[403,2181,2183,2184],{"id":2182},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,2185,2186],{},"int(None)",[20,2188,2189,2190,2192],{},"This fails because ",[15,2191,1842],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[64,2194,2196],{"className":66,"code":2195,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,2197,2198,2208,2212,2218,2232,2244],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2199,2200,2203,2205],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2201,2202],{"class":216},"value ",[73,2204,221],{"class":220},[73,2206,2207],{"class":484}," None\n",[73,2209,2210],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,2211,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,2213,2214,2216],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,2215,1669],{"class":933},[73,2217,946],{"class":83},[73,2219,2220,2222,2224,2226,2228,2230],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,2221,1676],{"class":79},[73,2223,84],{"class":83},[73,2225,88],{"class":87},[73,2227,84],{"class":83},[73,2229,967],{"class":245},[73,2231,102],{"class":83},[73,2233,2234,2236,2238,2240,2242],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,2235,1695],{"class":933},[73,2237,1851],{"class":87},[73,2239,980],{"class":933},[73,2241,983],{"class":216},[73,2243,946],{"class":83},[73,2245,2246,2248,2250,2252],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,2247,1676],{"class":79},[73,2249,84],{"class":83},[73,2251,1015],{"class":245},[73,2253,249],{"class":83},[403,2255,2257],{"id":2256},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,2259,2114],{},[64,2261,2262],{"className":66,"code":1618,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,2263,2264],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2265,2266],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2267,1618],{"class":769},[20,2269,2270],{},"Use a string instead:",[64,2272,2273],{"className":66,"code":1470,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,2274,2275],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2276,2277,2279,2281,2283,2285,2287,2289,2291,2293,2295],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2278,80],{"class":79},[73,2280,84],{"class":83},[73,2282,88],{"class":87},[73,2284,84],{"class":83},[73,2286,94],{"class":93},[73,2288,135],{"class":97},[73,2290,94],{"class":93},[73,2292,140],{"class":83},[73,2294,143],{"class":116},[73,2296,102],{"class":83},[403,2298,2300,2301,2303],{"id":2299},"expecting-int-to-round","Expecting ",[15,2302,17],{}," to round",[20,2305,2306],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[64,2308,2310],{"className":66,"code":2309,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,2311,2312],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2313,2314,2316,2318,2320,2322,2325],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2315,80],{"class":79},[73,2317,84],{"class":83},[73,2319,88],{"class":87},[73,2321,84],{"class":83},[73,2323,2324],{"class":116},"4.9",[73,2326,102],{"class":83},[20,2328,148],{},[64,2330,2332],{"className":66,"code":2331,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"4\n",[15,2333,2334],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2335,2336],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2337,2331],{"class":116},[20,2339,2340,2341,2343,2344,2346],{},"If you expected ",[15,2342,688],{},", remember that ",[15,2345,17],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[59,2348,2350],{"id":2349},"faq","FAQ",[403,2352,2354,2355,2357],{"id":2353},"does-int-round-numbers","Does ",[15,2356,17],{}," round numbers?",[20,2359,2360,2361,2363],{},"No. ",[15,2362,17],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[403,2365,2367,2368,2371],{"id":2366},"why-does-int314-fail","Why does ",[15,2369,2370],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,2373,2374,2375,2377,2378,2380,2381,2383],{},"Because ",[15,2376,1751],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,2379,651],{}," first, then use ",[15,2382,17],{}," if needed.",[403,2385,2387,2388,2391],{"id":2386},"what-does-inttrue-return","What does ",[15,2389,2390],{},"int(True)"," return?",[20,2393,2394,2395,2398,2399,1301,2401,653],{},"It returns ",[15,2396,2397],{},"1",". ",[15,2400,1367],{},[15,2402,806],{},[403,2404,2406],{"id":2405},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,2408,2409],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[59,2411,2413],{"id":2412},"see-also","See also",[33,2415,2416,2423,2429,2435,2440,2445,2451],{},[36,2417,2418],{},[646,2419,2420,2422],{"href":648},[15,2421,651],{}," function explained",[36,2424,2425],{},[646,2426,2427,2422],{"href":1323},[15,2428,1326],{},[36,2430,2431],{},[646,2432,2433,2422],{"href":1449},[15,2434,1452],{},[36,2436,2437],{},[646,2438,2439],{"href":1800},"How to convert string to int in Python",[36,2441,2442],{},[646,2443,2444],{"href":1166},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[36,2446,2447],{},[646,2448,2449,2422],{"href":1171},[15,2450,1174],{},[36,2452,2453],{},[646,2454,2455,2456],{"href":1804},"Fix ",[15,2457,1808],{},[2459,2460,2461],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":2463},[2464,2465,2467,2471,2476,2478,2480,2485,2489,2491,2500,2509],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":177,"depth":105,"text":2466},"What int() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370,"children":2468},[2469,2470],{"id":405,"depth":122,"text":408},{"id":511,"depth":122,"text":514},{"id":656,"depth":105,"text":2472,"children":2473},"Using int() with strings",[2474,2475],{"id":785,"depth":122,"text":786},{"id":875,"depth":122,"text":876},{"id":1177,"depth":105,"text":2477},"Using int() with floats",{"id":1329,"depth":105,"text":2479},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":1455,"depth":105,"text":1456,"children":2481},[2482,2483,2484],{"id":1466,"depth":122,"text":1467},{"id":1535,"depth":122,"text":1536},{"id":1576,"depth":122,"text":1577},{"id":1637,"depth":105,"text":1638,"children":2486},[2487,2488],{"id":1652,"depth":122,"text":781},{"id":1811,"depth":122,"text":1630},{"id":1998,"depth":105,"text":2490},"When to use int()",{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102,"children":2492},[2493,2494,2495,2497,2498],{"id":2110,"depth":122,"text":2111},{"id":2164,"depth":122,"text":2165},{"id":2182,"depth":122,"text":2496},"Trying int(None)",{"id":2256,"depth":122,"text":2257},{"id":2299,"depth":122,"text":2499},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":2501},[2502,2504,2506,2508],{"id":2353,"depth":122,"text":2503},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":2366,"depth":122,"text":2505},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":2386,"depth":122,"text":2507},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":2405,"depth":122,"text":2406},{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":5,"description":2510},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",[2518,4085,5789,7482,9616,11819,13338,15512,17719,20178,22017,24579,26677,28958,30901,32812,34808,36245,38072,40596,42744,43970,45340,46984,49053,50897,52879,54573,55826,57520,59271,61243,62993,65093,66453,68404,69967,71958,73753,75653,78095,80173,82813,84842,86805,88993,90997,93310,94992,96437,97631,98809,100649,103089,104793,106808,108332,109577,110740,112122,114193,116090,117864,119730,121849,123589,125051,126645,128568,130245,132180,133669,136453,138030,139589,141617,143569,145032,146221,148107,149518,151214,152768,154190,155593,157491,159885,161716],{"id":2519,"title":2520,"body":2521,"description":4079,"extension":2511,"meta":4080,"navigation":254,"path":4081,"seo":4082,"stem":4083,"__hash__":4084},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2522,"toc":4051},[2523,2526,2532,2535,2546,2549,2551,2612,2614,2633,2638,2642,2647,2650,2665,2668,2693,2696,2698,2701,2716,2719,2744,2746,2803,2805,2820,2829,2839,2843,2846,2898,2900,2918,2921,2945,2952,2956,2961,2967,2969,3006,3008,3017,3024,3042,3045,3057,3061,3066,3070,3073,3094,3096,3154,3156,3164,3167,3171,3203,3205,3213,3216,3220,3225,3272,3274,3282,3286,3346,3348,3356,3359,3361,3365,3368,3391,3400,3413,3463,3465,3479,3488,3492,3495,3524,3530,3534,3539,3580,3582,3593,3596,3639,3641,3649,3653,3658,3680,3682,3691,3699,3703,3708,3730,3732,3802,3804,3851,3854,3857,3860,3939,3941,3971,3973,3977,3980,3984,3987,3991,3994,3998,4010,4014,4017,4019,4048],[10,2524,2520],{"id":2525},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,2527,1580,2528,2531],{},[15,2529,2530],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2533,2534],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[33,2536,2537,2540,2543],{},[36,2538,2539],{},"a number without its negative sign",[36,2541,2542],{},"the distance between two numbers",[36,2544,2545],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,2547,2548],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[59,2550,62],{"id":61},[64,2552,2554],{"className":66,"code":2553,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,2555,2556,2574,2589],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2557,2558,2560,2562,2565,2567,2569,2572],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2559,80],{"class":79},[73,2561,84],{"class":83},[73,2563,2564],{"class":79},"abs",[73,2566,84],{"class":83},[73,2568,746],{"class":220},[73,2570,2571],{"class":116},"7",[73,2573,102],{"class":83},[73,2575,2576,2578,2580,2582,2584,2587],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,2577,80],{"class":79},[73,2579,84],{"class":83},[73,2581,2564],{"class":79},[73,2583,84],{"class":83},[73,2585,2586],{"class":116},"3.5",[73,2588,102],{"class":83},[73,2590,2591,2593,2595,2597,2599,2601,2603,2605,2607,2610],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,2592,80],{"class":79},[73,2594,84],{"class":83},[73,2596,2564],{"class":79},[73,2598,84],{"class":83},[73,2600,746],{"class":220},[73,2602,530],{"class":116},[73,2604,2082],{"class":220},[73,2606,1304],{"class":116},[73,2608,2609],{"class":333},"j",[73,2611,102],{"class":83},[20,2613,148],{},[64,2615,2617],{"className":66,"code":2616,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2618,2619,2623,2628],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2620,2621],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2622,865],{"class":116},[73,2624,2625],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,2626,2627],{"class":116},"3.5\n",[73,2629,2630],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,2631,2632],{"class":116},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2634,171,2635,2637],{},[15,2636,2530],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[59,2639,2641],{"id":2640},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2643,2644,2646],{},[15,2645,2530],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2648,2649],{},"That means:",[33,2651,2652,2655,2658],{},[36,2653,2654],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[36,2656,2657],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[36,2659,2660,2662,2663],{},[15,2661,806],{}," stays ",[15,2664,806],{},[20,2666,2667],{},"Examples:",[33,2669,2670,2678,2686],{},[36,2671,2672,2675,2676],{},[15,2673,2674],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2677,688],{},[36,2679,2680,2675,2683],{},[15,2681,2682],{},"abs(9)",[15,2684,2685],{},"9",[36,2687,2688,2675,2691],{},[15,2689,2690],{},"abs(0)",[15,2692,806],{},[20,2694,2695],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[59,2697,370],{"id":369},[20,2699,2700],{},"The syntax is:",[64,2702,2704],{"className":66,"code":2703,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"abs(x)\n",[15,2705,2706],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2707,2708,2710,2712,2714],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2709,2564],{"class":79},[73,2711,84],{"class":83},[73,2713,384],{"class":245},[73,2715,249],{"class":83},[20,2717,2718],{},"Here:",[33,2720,2721,2736,2741],{},[36,2722,2723,2725,2726,2728,2729,2731,2732,2735],{},[15,2724,384],{}," is usually an ",[15,2727,88],{},", ",[15,2730,1773],{},", or ",[15,2733,2734],{},"complex"," number",[36,2737,2738,2740],{},[15,2739,2530],{}," returns a new value",[36,2742,2743],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2745,206],{},[64,2747,2749],{"className":66,"code":2748,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2750,2751,2762,2778,2782,2792],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2752,2753,2755,2757,2760],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2754,235],{"class":216},[73,2756,221],{"class":220},[73,2758,2759],{"class":220}," -",[73,2761,749],{"class":116},[73,2763,2764,2767,2769,2772,2774,2776],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,2765,2766],{"class":216},"result ",[73,2768,221],{"class":220},[73,2770,2771],{"class":79}," abs",[73,2773,84],{"class":83},[73,2775,276],{"class":245},[73,2777,249],{"class":83},[73,2779,2780],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,2781,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,2783,2784,2786,2788,2790],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,2785,80],{"class":79},[73,2787,84],{"class":83},[73,2789,276],{"class":245},[73,2791,249],{"class":83},[73,2793,2794,2796,2798,2801],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,2795,80],{"class":79},[73,2797,84],{"class":83},[73,2799,2800],{"class":245},"result",[73,2802,249],{"class":83},[20,2804,148],{},[64,2806,2808],{"className":66,"code":2807,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"-12\n12\n",[15,2809,2810,2816],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2811,2812,2814],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2813,746],{"class":220},[73,2815,749],{"class":116},[73,2817,2818],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,2819,749],{"class":116},[20,2821,2822,2823,2825,2826,2828],{},"Notice that ",[15,2824,276],{}," is still ",[15,2827,707],{},". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2830,2831,2832,2838],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[646,2833,2835,652],{"href":2834},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2836,2837],{},"type()"," can help.",[59,2840,2842],{"id":2841},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2844,2845],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[64,2847,2849],{"className":66,"code":2848,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2850,2851,2867,2881],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2852,2853,2855,2857,2859,2861,2863,2865],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2854,80],{"class":79},[73,2856,84],{"class":83},[73,2858,2564],{"class":79},[73,2860,84],{"class":83},[73,2862,746],{"class":220},[73,2864,452],{"class":116},[73,2866,102],{"class":83},[73,2868,2869,2871,2873,2875,2877,2879],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,2870,80],{"class":79},[73,2872,84],{"class":83},[73,2874,2564],{"class":79},[73,2876,84],{"class":83},[73,2878,536],{"class":116},[73,2880,102],{"class":83},[73,2882,2883,2885,2887,2889,2891,2893,2896],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,2884,80],{"class":79},[73,2886,84],{"class":83},[73,2888,2564],{"class":79},[73,2890,84],{"class":83},[73,2892,746],{"class":220},[73,2894,2895],{"class":116},"4.2",[73,2897,102],{"class":83},[20,2899,148],{},[64,2901,2903],{"className":66,"code":2902,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2904,2905,2909,2913],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2906,2907],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2908,498],{"class":116},[73,2910,2911],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,2912,503],{"class":116},[73,2914,2915],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,2916,2917],{"class":116},"4.2\n",[20,2919,2920],{},"What each line does:",[33,2922,2923,2931,2938],{},[36,2924,2925,2928,2929],{},[15,2926,2927],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,2930,452],{},[36,2932,2933,2928,2936],{},[15,2934,2935],{},"abs(8)",[15,2937,536],{},[36,2939,2940,2928,2943],{},[15,2941,2942],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2944,2895],{},[20,2946,2947,2948,653],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[646,2949,2951],{"href":2950},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[59,2953,2955],{"id":2954},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2957,2958,2960],{},[15,2959,2530],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2962,2963,2964,2966],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2965,806],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2968,206],{},[64,2970,2972],{"className":66,"code":2971,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2973,2974,2992],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,2975,2976,2978,2980,2983,2986,2989],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,2977,2202],{"class":216},[73,2979,221],{"class":220},[73,2981,2982],{"class":116}," 3",[73,2984,2985],{"class":220}," +",[73,2987,2988],{"class":116}," 4",[73,2990,2991],{"class":333},"j\n",[73,2993,2994,2996,2998,3000,3002,3004],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,2995,80],{"class":79},[73,2997,84],{"class":83},[73,2999,2564],{"class":79},[73,3001,84],{"class":83},[73,3003,967],{"class":245},[73,3005,102],{"class":83},[20,3007,148],{},[64,3009,3011],{"className":66,"code":3010,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"5.0\n",[15,3012,3013],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3014,3015],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3016,3010],{"class":116},[20,3018,3019,3020,3023],{},"Why ",[15,3021,3022],{},"5.0","?",[33,3025,3026,3031,3037],{},[36,3027,3028,3029],{},"the real part is ",[15,3030,1304],{},[36,3032,3033,3034],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,3035,3036],{},"4",[36,3038,3039,3040],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,3041,3022],{},[20,3043,3044],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[33,3046,3047,3054],{},[36,3048,3049,3051,3052],{},[15,3050,2530],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,3053,1773],{},[36,3055,3056],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[59,3058,3060],{"id":3059},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,3062,3063,3064,653],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,3065,2530],{},[403,3067,3069],{"id":3068},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,3071,3072],{},"A very common pattern is:",[64,3074,3076],{"className":66,"code":3075,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,3077,3078],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3079,3080,3082,3084,3087,3089,3092],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3081,2564],{"class":79},[73,3083,84],{"class":83},[73,3085,3086],{"class":245},"a ",[73,3088,746],{"class":220},[73,3090,3091],{"class":245}," b",[73,3093,249],{"class":83},[20,3095,206],{},[64,3097,3099],{"className":66,"code":3098,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,3100,3101,3110,3120,3124,3143],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3102,3103,3105,3107],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3104,3086],{"class":216},[73,3106,221],{"class":220},[73,3108,3109],{"class":116}," 3\n",[73,3111,3112,3115,3117],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,3113,3114],{"class":216},"b ",[73,3116,221],{"class":220},[73,3118,3119],{"class":116}," 10\n",[73,3121,3122],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,3123,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,3125,3126,3129,3131,3133,3135,3137,3139,3141],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,3127,3128],{"class":216},"distance ",[73,3130,221],{"class":220},[73,3132,2771],{"class":79},[73,3134,84],{"class":83},[73,3136,3086],{"class":245},[73,3138,746],{"class":220},[73,3140,3091],{"class":245},[73,3142,249],{"class":83},[73,3144,3145,3147,3149,3152],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,3146,80],{"class":79},[73,3148,84],{"class":83},[73,3150,3151],{"class":245},"distance",[73,3153,249],{"class":83},[20,3155,148],{},[64,3157,3158],{"className":66,"code":865,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,3159,3160],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3161,3162],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3163,865],{"class":116},[20,3165,3166],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[403,3168,3170],{"id":3169},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[64,3172,3174],{"className":66,"code":3173,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,3175,3176,3188],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3177,3178,3181,3183,3185],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3179,3180],{"class":216},"temperature_change ",[73,3182,221],{"class":220},[73,3184,2759],{"class":220},[73,3186,3187],{"class":116},"6\n",[73,3189,3190,3192,3194,3196,3198,3201],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,3191,80],{"class":79},[73,3193,84],{"class":83},[73,3195,2564],{"class":79},[73,3197,84],{"class":83},[73,3199,3200],{"class":245},"temperature_change",[73,3202,102],{"class":83},[20,3204,148],{},[64,3206,3207],{"className":66,"code":3187,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,3208,3209],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3210,3211],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3212,3187],{"class":116},[20,3214,3215],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[403,3217,3219],{"id":3218},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,3221,3222,3223,2838],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,3224,2530],{},[64,3226,3228],{"className":66,"code":3227,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,3229,3230,3241,3257,3261],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3231,3232,3235,3237,3239],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3233,3234],{"class":216},"balance_change ",[73,3236,221],{"class":220},[73,3238,2759],{"class":220},[73,3240,321],{"class":116},[73,3242,3243,3246,3248,3250,3252,3255],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,3244,3245],{"class":216},"safe_value ",[73,3247,221],{"class":220},[73,3249,2771],{"class":79},[73,3251,84],{"class":83},[73,3253,3254],{"class":245},"balance_change",[73,3256,249],{"class":83},[73,3258,3259],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,3260,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,3262,3263,3265,3267,3270],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,3264,80],{"class":79},[73,3266,84],{"class":83},[73,3268,3269],{"class":245},"safe_value",[73,3271,249],{"class":83},[20,3273,148],{},[64,3275,3276],{"className":66,"code":321,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,3277,3278],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3279,3280],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3281,321],{"class":116},[403,3283,3285],{"id":3284},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[64,3287,3289],{"className":66,"code":3288,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,3290,3291,3301,3311,3315,3335],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3292,3293,3296,3298],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3294,3295],{"class":216},"guess ",[73,3297,221],{"class":220},[73,3299,3300],{"class":116}," 42\n",[73,3302,3303,3306,3308],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,3304,3305],{"class":216},"target ",[73,3307,221],{"class":220},[73,3309,3310],{"class":116}," 50\n",[73,3312,3313],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,3314,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,3316,3317,3320,3322,3324,3326,3328,3330,3333],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,3318,3319],{"class":216},"difference ",[73,3321,221],{"class":220},[73,3323,2771],{"class":79},[73,3325,84],{"class":83},[73,3327,3295],{"class":245},[73,3329,746],{"class":220},[73,3331,3332],{"class":245}," target",[73,3334,249],{"class":83},[73,3336,3337,3339,3341,3344],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,3338,80],{"class":79},[73,3340,84],{"class":83},[73,3342,3343],{"class":245},"difference",[73,3345,249],{"class":83},[20,3347,148],{},[64,3349,3350],{"className":66,"code":503,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,3351,3352],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3353,3354],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3355,503],{"class":116},[20,3357,3358],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[59,3360,2102],{"id":2101},[403,3362,3364],{"id":3363},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,3366,3367],{},"This causes an error:",[64,3369,3371],{"className":66,"code":3370,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,3372,3373],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3374,3375,3377,3379,3381,3383,3385,3387,3389],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3376,80],{"class":79},[73,3378,84],{"class":83},[73,3380,2564],{"class":79},[73,3382,84],{"class":83},[73,3384,94],{"class":93},[73,3386,688],{"class":97},[73,3388,94],{"class":93},[73,3390,102],{"class":83},[20,3392,3393,3396,3397,3399],{},[15,3394,3395],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,3398,2530],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,3401,3402,3403,3408,3409,1063],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[646,3404,3406],{"href":3405},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,3407,17],{}," or ",[646,3410,3411],{"href":648},[15,3412,651],{},[64,3414,3416],{"className":66,"code":3415,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,3417,3418,3440],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3419,3420,3422,3424,3426,3428,3430,3432,3434,3436,3438],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3421,80],{"class":79},[73,3423,84],{"class":83},[73,3425,2564],{"class":79},[73,3427,84],{"class":83},[73,3429,88],{"class":87},[73,3431,84],{"class":83},[73,3433,94],{"class":93},[73,3435,688],{"class":97},[73,3437,94],{"class":93},[73,3439,1784],{"class":83},[73,3441,3442,3444,3446,3448,3450,3452,3454,3456,3459,3461],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,3443,80],{"class":79},[73,3445,84],{"class":83},[73,3447,2564],{"class":79},[73,3449,84],{"class":83},[73,3451,1773],{"class":87},[73,3453,84],{"class":83},[73,3455,94],{"class":93},[73,3457,3458],{"class":97},"-3.2",[73,3460,94],{"class":93},[73,3462,1784],{"class":83},[20,3464,148],{},[64,3466,3468],{"className":66,"code":3467,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"5\n3.2\n",[15,3469,3470,3474],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3471,3472],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3473,168],{"class":116},[73,3475,3476],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,3477,3478],{"class":116},"3.2\n",[20,3480,3481,3482,3484,3485,653],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,3483,1174],{}," always returns a string. See ",[646,3486,3487],{"href":1800},"how to convert a string to an int in Python",[403,3489,3491],{"id":3490},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,3493,3494],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[64,3496,3498],{"className":66,"code":3497,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3499,3500],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3501,3502,3504,3506,3508,3511,3513,3515,3517,3519,3521],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3503,80],{"class":79},[73,3505,84],{"class":83},[73,3507,2564],{"class":79},[73,3509,3510],{"class":83},"([",[73,3512,2397],{"class":116},[73,3514,140],{"class":83},[73,3516,143],{"class":116},[73,3518,140],{"class":83},[73,3520,2982],{"class":116},[73,3522,3523],{"class":83},"]))\n",[20,3525,3526,3527,3529],{},"This raises a ",[15,3528,1630],{}," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[403,3531,3533],{"id":3532},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,3535,3536,3538],{},[15,3537,2530],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[64,3540,3542],{"className":66,"code":3541,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3543,3544,3556,3566,3570],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3545,3546,3549,3551,3553],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3547,3548],{"class":216},"x ",[73,3550,221],{"class":220},[73,3552,2759],{"class":220},[73,3554,3555],{"class":116},"9\n",[73,3557,3558,3560,3562,3564],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,3559,2564],{"class":79},[73,3561,84],{"class":83},[73,3563,384],{"class":245},[73,3565,249],{"class":83},[73,3567,3568],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,3569,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,3571,3572,3574,3576,3578],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,3573,80],{"class":79},[73,3575,84],{"class":83},[73,3577,384],{"class":245},[73,3579,249],{"class":83},[20,3581,148],{},[64,3583,3585],{"className":66,"code":3584,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"-9\n",[15,3586,3587],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3588,3589,3591],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3590,746],{"class":220},[73,3592,3555],{"class":116},[20,3594,3595],{},"If you want to store the result:",[64,3597,3599],{"className":66,"code":3598,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3600,3601,3611,3625,3629],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3602,3603,3605,3607,3609],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3604,3548],{"class":216},[73,3606,221],{"class":220},[73,3608,2759],{"class":220},[73,3610,3555],{"class":116},[73,3612,3613,3615,3617,3619,3621,3623],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,3614,3548],{"class":216},[73,3616,221],{"class":220},[73,3618,2771],{"class":79},[73,3620,84],{"class":83},[73,3622,384],{"class":245},[73,3624,249],{"class":83},[73,3626,3627],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,3628,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,3630,3631,3633,3635,3637],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,3632,80],{"class":79},[73,3634,84],{"class":83},[73,3636,384],{"class":245},[73,3638,249],{"class":83},[20,3640,148],{},[64,3642,3643],{"className":66,"code":3555,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,3644,3645],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3646,3647],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3648,3555],{"class":116},[403,3650,3652],{"id":3651},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3654,3655,3657],{},[15,3656,2530],{}," does not round numbers.",[64,3659,3661],{"className":66,"code":3660,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3662,3663],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3664,3665,3667,3669,3671,3673,3675,3678],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3666,80],{"class":79},[73,3668,84],{"class":83},[73,3670,2564],{"class":79},[73,3672,84],{"class":83},[73,3674,746],{"class":220},[73,3676,3677],{"class":116},"4.7",[73,3679,102],{"class":83},[20,3681,148],{},[64,3683,3685],{"className":66,"code":3684,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"4.7\n",[15,3686,3687],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3688,3689],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3690,3684],{"class":116},[20,3692,2340,3693,3695,3696,3698],{},[15,3694,688],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3697,2530],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[59,3700,3702],{"id":3701},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3704,3705,3707],{},[15,3706,2530],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[33,3709,3710,3717,3724],{},[36,3711,3712,3714,3715],{},[15,3713,88],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3716,88],{},[36,3718,3719,3721,3722],{},[15,3720,1773],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3723,1773],{},[36,3725,3726,3721,3728],{},[15,3727,2734],{},[15,3729,1773],{},[20,3731,206],{},[64,3733,3735],{"className":66,"code":3734,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3736,3737,3757,3778],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3738,3739,3741,3743,3745,3747,3749,3751,3753,3755],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3740,80],{"class":79},[73,3742,84],{"class":83},[73,3744,288],{"class":87},[73,3746,84],{"class":83},[73,3748,2564],{"class":79},[73,3750,84],{"class":83},[73,3752,746],{"class":220},[73,3754,688],{"class":116},[73,3756,1784],{"class":83},[73,3758,3759,3761,3763,3765,3767,3769,3771,3773,3776],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,3760,80],{"class":79},[73,3762,84],{"class":83},[73,3764,288],{"class":87},[73,3766,84],{"class":83},[73,3768,2564],{"class":79},[73,3770,84],{"class":83},[73,3772,746],{"class":220},[73,3774,3775],{"class":116},"3.2",[73,3777,1784],{"class":83},[73,3779,3780,3782,3784,3786,3788,3790,3792,3794,3796,3798,3800],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,3781,80],{"class":79},[73,3783,84],{"class":83},[73,3785,288],{"class":87},[73,3787,84],{"class":83},[73,3789,2564],{"class":79},[73,3791,84],{"class":83},[73,3793,1304],{"class":116},[73,3795,2985],{"class":220},[73,3797,2988],{"class":116},[73,3799,2609],{"class":333},[73,3801,1784],{"class":83},[20,3803,148],{},[64,3805,3807],{"className":66,"code":3806,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3808,3809,3823,3837],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3810,3811,3813,3815,3817,3819,3821],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3812,330],{"class":220},[73,3814,334],{"class":333},[73,3816,337],{"class":93},[73,3818,88],{"class":97},[73,3820,343],{"class":93},[73,3822,346],{"class":220},[73,3824,3825,3827,3829,3831,3833,3835],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,3826,330],{"class":220},[73,3828,334],{"class":333},[73,3830,337],{"class":93},[73,3832,1773],{"class":97},[73,3834,343],{"class":93},[73,3836,346],{"class":220},[73,3838,3839,3841,3843,3845,3847,3849],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,3840,330],{"class":220},[73,3842,334],{"class":333},[73,3844,337],{"class":93},[73,3846,1773],{"class":97},[73,3848,343],{"class":93},[73,3850,346],{"class":220},[20,3852,3853],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3855,3856],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3858,3859],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[64,3861,3863],{"className":66,"code":3862,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3864,3865,3878,3888,3902,3906,3920],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3866,3867,3869,3871,3873,3876],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3868,2202],{"class":216},[73,3870,221],{"class":220},[73,3872,224],{"class":93},[73,3874,3875],{"class":97},"-5",[73,3877,230],{"class":93},[73,3879,3880,3882,3884,3886],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,3881,80],{"class":79},[73,3883,84],{"class":83},[73,3885,967],{"class":245},[73,3887,249],{"class":83},[73,3889,3890,3892,3894,3896,3898,3900],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,3891,80],{"class":79},[73,3893,84],{"class":83},[73,3895,288],{"class":87},[73,3897,84],{"class":83},[73,3899,967],{"class":245},[73,3901,102],{"class":83},[73,3903,3904],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,3905,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,3907,3908,3911,3913,3915,3918],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,3909,3910],{"class":216},"user_input ",[73,3912,221],{"class":220},[73,3914,224],{"class":93},[73,3916,3917],{"class":97},"-3.7",[73,3919,230],{"class":93},[73,3921,3922,3924,3926,3928,3930,3932,3934,3937],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,3923,80],{"class":79},[73,3925,84],{"class":83},[73,3927,2564],{"class":79},[73,3929,84],{"class":83},[73,3931,1773],{"class":87},[73,3933,84],{"class":83},[73,3935,3936],{"class":245},"user_input",[73,3938,1784],{"class":83},[20,3940,148],{},[64,3942,3944],{"className":66,"code":3943,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3945,3946,3952,3966],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,3947,3948,3950],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,3949,746],{"class":220},[73,3951,168],{"class":116},[73,3953,3954,3956,3958,3960,3962,3964],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,3955,330],{"class":220},[73,3957,334],{"class":333},[73,3959,337],{"class":93},[73,3961,340],{"class":97},[73,3963,343],{"class":93},[73,3965,346],{"class":220},[73,3967,3968],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,3969,3970],{"class":116},"3.7\n",[59,3972,2350],{"id":2349},[403,3974,3976],{"id":3975},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3978,3979],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[403,3981,3983],{"id":3982},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3985,3986],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[403,3988,3990],{"id":3989},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3992,3993],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[403,3995,3997],{"id":3996},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3999,4000,4002,4003,3408,4005,4007,4008,653],{},[15,4001,1174],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,4004,17],{},[15,4006,651],{}," before using ",[15,4009,2530],{},[403,4011,4013],{"id":4012},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,4015,4016],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[59,4018,2413],{"id":2412},[33,4020,4021,4027,4033,4039,4044],{},[36,4022,4023],{},[646,4024,4025,2422],{"href":3405},[15,4026,17],{},[36,4028,4029],{},[646,4030,4031,2422],{"href":648},[15,4032,651],{},[36,4034,4035],{},[646,4036,4037,2422],{"href":2834},[15,4038,2837],{},[36,4040,4041],{},[646,4042,4043],{"href":1800},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[36,4045,4046],{},[646,4047,2951],{"href":2950},[2459,4049,4050],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":4052},[4053,4054,4055,4056,4057,4058,4064,4070,4071,4078],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":2640,"depth":105,"text":2641},{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":2841,"depth":105,"text":2842},{"id":2954,"depth":105,"text":2955},{"id":3059,"depth":105,"text":3060,"children":4059},[4060,4061,4062,4063],{"id":3068,"depth":122,"text":3069},{"id":3169,"depth":122,"text":3170},{"id":3218,"depth":122,"text":3219},{"id":3284,"depth":122,"text":3285},{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102,"children":4065},[4066,4067,4068,4069],{"id":3363,"depth":122,"text":3364},{"id":3490,"depth":122,"text":3491},{"id":3532,"depth":122,"text":3533},{"id":3651,"depth":122,"text":3652},{"id":3701,"depth":105,"text":3702},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":4072},[4073,4074,4075,4076,4077],{"id":3975,"depth":122,"text":3976},{"id":3982,"depth":122,"text":3983},{"id":3989,"depth":122,"text":3990},{"id":3996,"depth":122,"text":3997},{"id":4012,"depth":122,"text":4013},{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2520,"description":4079},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":4086,"title":4087,"body":4088,"description":5783,"extension":2511,"meta":5784,"navigation":254,"path":5785,"seo":5786,"stem":5787,"__hash__":5788},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":4089,"toc":5747},[4090,4096,4102,4105,4121,4125,4181,4190,4195,4199,4218,4221,4238,4241,4245,4253,4270,4273,4311,4314,4321,4326,4399,4401,4433,4439,4443,4447,4486,4488,4497,4504,4508,4547,4549,4558,4568,4572,4628,4630,4638,4641,4644,4691,4693,4701,4707,4714,4719,4722,4725,4792,4794,4802,4805,4872,4874,4882,4896,4899,4910,4914,4920,4923,4925,4941,4943,4951,4954,4957,4960,4977,4980,4983,5013,5015,5028,5032,5036,5039,5054,5059,5062,5089,5096,5099,5139,5145,5151,5159,5162,5214,5221,5286,5291,5300,5303,5321,5327,5330,5472,5477,5482,5485,5496,5499,5555,5557,5565,5568,5627,5629,5637,5640,5651,5653,5659,5667,5675,5678,5685,5688,5697,5710,5712,5744],[10,4091,13,4093,18],{"id":4092},"python-all-function-explained",[15,4094,4095],{},"all()",[20,4097,4098,4099,4101],{},"Python’s ",[15,4100,4095],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,4103,4104],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[33,4106,4107,4110,4113],{},[36,4108,4109],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[36,4111,4112],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[36,4114,4115,2928,4118,4120],{},[15,4116,4117],{},"all([])",[15,4119,430],{},", which often seems strange at first",[59,4122,4124],{"id":4123},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[64,4126,4128],{"className":66,"code":4127,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,4129,4130,4151,4167],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4131,4132,4135,4137,4139,4141,4143,4145,4147,4149],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4133,4134],{"class":216},"numbers ",[73,4136,221],{"class":220},[73,4138,891],{"class":83},[73,4140,2397],{"class":116},[73,4142,140],{"class":83},[73,4144,143],{"class":116},[73,4146,140],{"class":83},[73,4148,2982],{"class":116},[73,4150,924],{"class":83},[73,4152,4153,4155,4157,4160,4162,4165],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,4154,2766],{"class":216},[73,4156,221],{"class":220},[73,4158,4159],{"class":79}," all",[73,4161,84],{"class":83},[73,4163,4164],{"class":245},"numbers",[73,4166,249],{"class":83},[73,4168,4169,4171,4173,4175,4178],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,4170,80],{"class":79},[73,4172,84],{"class":83},[73,4174,2800],{"class":245},[73,4176,4177],{"class":83},")",[73,4179,4180],{"class":769},"  # True\n",[20,4182,4183,2928,4185,4187,4188,653],{},[15,4184,4095],{},[15,4186,430],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,4189,1367],{},[59,4191,178,4193,181],{"id":4192},"what-all-does",[15,4194,4095],{},[20,4196,4197,1063],{},[15,4198,4095],{},[33,4200,4201,4204,4210,4215],{},[36,4202,4203],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[36,4205,4206,4207,4209],{},"returns ",[15,4208,430],{}," if all items are truthy",[36,4211,4206,4212,4214],{},[15,4213,1367],{}," if any item is falsy",[36,4216,4217],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,4219,4220],{},"Basic syntax:",[64,4222,4224],{"className":66,"code":4223,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"all(iterable)\n",[15,4225,4226],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4227,4228,4231,4233,4236],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4229,4230],{"class":79},"all",[73,4232,84],{"class":83},[73,4234,4235],{"class":245},"iterable",[73,4237,249],{"class":83},[20,4239,4240],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[59,4242,4244],{"id":4243},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,4246,4247,4248,3408,4250,4252],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,4249,430],{},[15,4251,1367],{}," in conditions.",[33,4254,4255,4263],{},[36,4256,4257,4260,4261],{},[1194,4258,4259],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,4262,430],{},[36,4264,4265,4260,4268],{},[1194,4266,4267],{},"Falsy",[15,4269,1367],{},[20,4271,4272],{},"Common falsy values include:",[33,4274,4275,4279,4284,4288,4292,4296,4301,4306],{},[36,4276,4277],{},[15,4278,806],{},[36,4280,4281],{},[15,4282,4283],{},"0.0",[36,4285,4286],{},[15,4287,1107],{},[36,4289,4290],{},[15,4291,1842],{},[36,4293,4294],{},[15,4295,1367],{},[36,4297,4298],{},[15,4299,4300],{},"[]",[36,4302,4303],{},[15,4304,4305],{},"{}",[36,4307,4308],{},[15,4309,4310],{},"set()",[20,4312,4313],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,4315,4316,4317,653],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[646,4318,4320],{"href":4319},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,4322,4323,4324,1063],{},"You can test this with ",[15,4325,1452],{},[64,4327,4329],{"className":66,"code":4328,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,4330,4331,4367,4371],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4332,4333,4335,4337,4339,4341,4343,4346,4348,4351,4353,4355,4358,4360,4362,4365],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4334,886],{"class":216},[73,4336,221],{"class":220},[73,4338,891],{"class":83},[73,4340,2397],{"class":116},[73,4342,140],{"class":83},[73,4344,4345],{"class":116}," 0",[73,4347,140],{"class":83},[73,4349,4350],{"class":93}," ''",[73,4352,140],{"class":83},[73,4354,337],{"class":93},[73,4356,4357],{"class":97},"hello",[73,4359,343],{"class":93},[73,4361,140],{"class":83},[73,4363,4364],{"class":484}," None",[73,4366,924],{"class":83},[73,4368,4369],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,4370,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,4372,4373,4375,4377,4380,4382,4384,4386,4389,4392,4394,4396],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,4374,80],{"class":79},[73,4376,3510],{"class":83},[73,4378,4379],{"class":87},"bool",[73,4381,84],{"class":83},[73,4383,384],{"class":245},[73,4385,4177],{"class":83},[73,4387,4388],{"class":933}," for",[73,4390,4391],{"class":245}," x ",[73,4393,940],{"class":933},[73,4395,943],{"class":245},[73,4397,4398],{"class":83},"])\n",[20,4400,148],{},[64,4402,4404],{"className":66,"code":4403,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,4405,4406],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4407,4408,4411,4413,4415,4418,4420,4422,4424,4427,4429,4431],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4409,4410],{"class":83},"[",[73,4412,430],{"class":484},[73,4414,140],{"class":83},[73,4416,4417],{"class":484}," False",[73,4419,140],{"class":83},[73,4421,4417],{"class":484},[73,4423,140],{"class":83},[73,4425,4426],{"class":484}," True",[73,4428,140],{"class":83},[73,4430,4417],{"class":484},[73,4432,924],{"class":83},[20,4434,4435,4436,4438],{},"This matters because ",[15,4437,4095],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[59,4440,4442],{"id":4441},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[403,4444,4446],{"id":4445},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[64,4448,4450],{"className":66,"code":4449,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4451,4452,4472],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4453,4454,4456,4458,4460,4462,4464,4466,4468,4470],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4455,4134],{"class":216},[73,4457,221],{"class":220},[73,4459,891],{"class":83},[73,4461,2397],{"class":116},[73,4463,140],{"class":83},[73,4465,143],{"class":116},[73,4467,140],{"class":83},[73,4469,2982],{"class":116},[73,4471,924],{"class":83},[73,4473,4474,4476,4478,4480,4482,4484],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,4475,80],{"class":79},[73,4477,84],{"class":83},[73,4479,4230],{"class":79},[73,4481,84],{"class":83},[73,4483,4164],{"class":245},[73,4485,102],{"class":83},[20,4487,148],{},[64,4489,4491],{"className":66,"code":4490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"True\n",[15,4492,4493],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4494,4495],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4496,4490],{"class":484},[20,4498,4499,4500,2928,4502,653],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4501,4095],{},[15,4503,430],{},[403,4505,4507],{"id":4506},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[64,4509,4511],{"className":66,"code":4510,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4512,4513,4533],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4514,4515,4517,4519,4521,4523,4525,4527,4529,4531],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4516,4134],{"class":216},[73,4518,221],{"class":220},[73,4520,891],{"class":83},[73,4522,2397],{"class":116},[73,4524,140],{"class":83},[73,4526,4345],{"class":116},[73,4528,140],{"class":83},[73,4530,2982],{"class":116},[73,4532,924],{"class":83},[73,4534,4535,4537,4539,4541,4543,4545],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,4536,80],{"class":79},[73,4538,84],{"class":83},[73,4540,4230],{"class":79},[73,4542,84],{"class":83},[73,4544,4164],{"class":245},[73,4546,102],{"class":83},[20,4548,148],{},[64,4550,4552],{"className":66,"code":4551,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"False\n",[15,4553,4554],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4555,4556],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4557,4551],{"class":484},[20,4559,4560,4561,4563,4564,2928,4566,653],{},"The value ",[15,4562,806],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4565,4095],{},[15,4567,1367],{},[403,4569,4571],{"id":4570},"example-strings","Example: strings",[64,4573,4575],{"className":66,"code":4574,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4576,4577,4613],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4578,4579,4582,4584,4586,4588,4591,4593,4595,4597,4600,4602,4604,4606,4609,4611],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4580,4581],{"class":216},"words ",[73,4583,221],{"class":220},[73,4585,891],{"class":83},[73,4587,343],{"class":93},[73,4589,4590],{"class":97},"apple",[73,4592,343],{"class":93},[73,4594,140],{"class":83},[73,4596,337],{"class":93},[73,4598,4599],{"class":97},"banana",[73,4601,343],{"class":93},[73,4603,140],{"class":83},[73,4605,337],{"class":93},[73,4607,4608],{"class":97},"cherry",[73,4610,343],{"class":93},[73,4612,924],{"class":83},[73,4614,4615,4617,4619,4621,4623,4626],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,4616,80],{"class":79},[73,4618,84],{"class":83},[73,4620,4230],{"class":79},[73,4622,84],{"class":83},[73,4624,4625],{"class":245},"words",[73,4627,102],{"class":83},[20,4629,148],{},[64,4631,4632],{"className":66,"code":4490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,4633,4634],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4635,4636],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4637,4490],{"class":484},[20,4639,4640],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4642,4643],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[64,4645,4647],{"className":66,"code":4646,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4648,4649,4677],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4650,4651,4653,4655,4657,4659,4661,4663,4665,4667,4669,4671,4673,4675],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4652,4581],{"class":216},[73,4654,221],{"class":220},[73,4656,891],{"class":83},[73,4658,343],{"class":93},[73,4660,4590],{"class":97},[73,4662,343],{"class":93},[73,4664,140],{"class":83},[73,4666,4350],{"class":93},[73,4668,140],{"class":83},[73,4670,337],{"class":93},[73,4672,4608],{"class":97},[73,4674,343],{"class":93},[73,4676,924],{"class":83},[73,4678,4679,4681,4683,4685,4687,4689],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,4680,80],{"class":79},[73,4682,84],{"class":83},[73,4684,4230],{"class":79},[73,4686,84],{"class":83},[73,4688,4625],{"class":245},[73,4690,102],{"class":83},[20,4692,148],{},[64,4694,4695],{"className":66,"code":4551,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,4696,4697],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4698,4699],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4700,4551],{"class":484},[20,4702,4703,4704,4706],{},"The empty string ",[15,4705,1107],{}," is falsy.",[59,4708,4710,4711,4713],{"id":4709},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4712,4095],{}," works with conditions",[20,4715,4716,4718],{},[15,4717,4095],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4720,4721],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4723,4724],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[64,4726,4728],{"className":66,"code":4727,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4729,4730,4750,4778,4782],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4731,4732,4734,4736,4738,4740,4742,4744,4746,4748],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4733,4134],{"class":216},[73,4735,221],{"class":220},[73,4737,891],{"class":83},[73,4739,2397],{"class":116},[73,4741,140],{"class":83},[73,4743,143],{"class":116},[73,4745,140],{"class":83},[73,4747,2982],{"class":116},[73,4749,924],{"class":83},[73,4751,4752,4754,4756,4758,4760,4762,4765,4767,4769,4771,4773,4776],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,4753,2766],{"class":216},[73,4755,221],{"class":220},[73,4757,4159],{"class":79},[73,4759,84],{"class":83},[73,4761,3548],{"class":245},[73,4763,4764],{"class":220},">",[73,4766,4345],{"class":116},[73,4768,4388],{"class":933},[73,4770,4391],{"class":245},[73,4772,940],{"class":933},[73,4774,4775],{"class":245}," numbers",[73,4777,249],{"class":83},[73,4779,4780],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,4781,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,4783,4784,4786,4788,4790],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,4785,80],{"class":79},[73,4787,84],{"class":83},[73,4789,2800],{"class":245},[73,4791,249],{"class":83},[20,4793,148],{},[64,4795,4796],{"className":66,"code":4490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,4797,4798],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4799,4800],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4801,4490],{"class":484},[20,4803,4804],{},"Here is one that fails:",[64,4806,4808],{"className":66,"code":4807,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4809,4810,4832,4858,4862],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4811,4812,4814,4816,4818,4820,4822,4824,4826,4828,4830],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4813,4134],{"class":216},[73,4815,221],{"class":220},[73,4817,891],{"class":83},[73,4819,2397],{"class":116},[73,4821,140],{"class":83},[73,4823,2759],{"class":220},[73,4825,530],{"class":116},[73,4827,140],{"class":83},[73,4829,2982],{"class":116},[73,4831,924],{"class":83},[73,4833,4834,4836,4838,4840,4842,4844,4846,4848,4850,4852,4854,4856],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,4835,2766],{"class":216},[73,4837,221],{"class":220},[73,4839,4159],{"class":79},[73,4841,84],{"class":83},[73,4843,3548],{"class":245},[73,4845,4764],{"class":220},[73,4847,4345],{"class":116},[73,4849,4388],{"class":933},[73,4851,4391],{"class":245},[73,4853,940],{"class":933},[73,4855,4775],{"class":245},[73,4857,249],{"class":83},[73,4859,4860],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,4861,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,4863,4864,4866,4868,4870],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,4865,80],{"class":79},[73,4867,84],{"class":83},[73,4869,2800],{"class":245},[73,4871,249],{"class":83},[20,4873,148],{},[64,4875,4876],{"className":66,"code":4551,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,4877,4878],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4879,4880],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4881,4551],{"class":484},[20,4883,4884,4885,4888,4889,4891,4892,2928,4894,653],{},"The expression ",[15,4886,4887],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4890,430],{},", then ",[15,4893,4095],{},[15,4895,430],{},[20,4897,4898],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4900,4901,4902,1647,4906,653],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[646,4903,4905],{"href":4904},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[646,4907,4909],{"href":4908},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[59,4911,4913],{"id":4912},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4915,4916,2928,4918,653],{},[15,4917,4117],{},[15,4919,430],{},[20,4921,4922],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4924,206],{},[64,4926,4928],{"className":66,"code":4927,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4929,4930],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4931,4932,4934,4936,4938],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4933,80],{"class":79},[73,4935,84],{"class":83},[73,4937,4230],{"class":79},[73,4939,4940],{"class":83},"([]))\n",[20,4942,148],{},[64,4944,4945],{"className":66,"code":4490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,4946,4947],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4948,4949],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4950,4490],{"class":484},[20,4952,4953],{},"Why?",[20,4955,4956],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4958,4959],{},"Think of it this way:",[33,4961,4962,4969,4972],{},[36,4963,4964,2928,4966,4968],{},[15,4965,4095],{},[15,4967,1367],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[36,4970,4971],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[36,4973,4974,4975],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4976,1367],{},[20,4978,4979],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4981,4982],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[64,4984,4986],{"className":66,"code":4985,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4987,4988,4999],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,4989,4990,4992,4994,4996],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,4991,80],{"class":79},[73,4993,84],{"class":83},[73,4995,4230],{"class":79},[73,4997,4998],{"class":83},"(()))\n",[73,5000,5001,5003,5005,5007,5009,5011],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,5002,80],{"class":79},[73,5004,84],{"class":83},[73,5006,4230],{"class":79},[73,5008,84],{"class":83},[73,5010,1107],{"class":93},[73,5012,102],{"class":83},[20,5014,148],{},[64,5016,5018],{"className":66,"code":5017,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"True\nTrue\n",[15,5019,5020,5024],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5021,5022],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5023,4490],{"class":484},[73,5025,5026],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,5027,4490],{"class":484},[59,5029,5031],{"id":5030},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[403,5033,5035],{"id":5034},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,5037,5038],{},"This is wrong:",[64,5040,5042],{"className":66,"code":5041,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,5043,5044,5049],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5045,5046],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5047,5048],{"class":769},"# Wrong\n",[73,5050,5051],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,5052,5053],{"class":769},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,5055,5056,5058],{},[15,5057,4095],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,5060,5061],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[64,5063,5065],{"className":66,"code":5064,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,5066,5067],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5068,5069,5071,5073,5075,5077,5079,5081,5083,5085,5087],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5070,80],{"class":79},[73,5072,84],{"class":83},[73,5074,4230],{"class":79},[73,5076,3510],{"class":83},[73,5078,2397],{"class":116},[73,5080,140],{"class":83},[73,5082,143],{"class":116},[73,5084,140],{"class":83},[73,5086,2982],{"class":116},[73,5088,3523],{"class":83},[403,5090,5092,5093,5095],{"id":5091},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,5094,4095],{}," compares values automatically",[20,5097,5098],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[64,5100,5102],{"className":66,"code":5101,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,5103,5104,5125],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5105,5106,5108,5110,5112,5114,5116,5119,5121,5123],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5107,4134],{"class":216},[73,5109,221],{"class":220},[73,5111,891],{"class":83},[73,5113,688],{"class":116},[73,5115,140],{"class":83},[73,5117,5118],{"class":116}," 5",[73,5120,140],{"class":83},[73,5122,5118],{"class":116},[73,5124,924],{"class":83},[73,5126,5127,5129,5131,5133,5135,5137],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,5128,80],{"class":79},[73,5130,84],{"class":83},[73,5132,4230],{"class":79},[73,5134,84],{"class":83},[73,5136,4164],{"class":245},[73,5138,102],{"class":83},[20,5140,5141,5142,5144],{},"This does ",[1194,5143,1196],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,5146,5147,5148,5150],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,5149,688],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[64,5152,5153],{"className":66,"code":4490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,5154,5155],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5156,5157],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5158,4490],{"class":484},[20,5160,5161],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[64,5163,5165],{"className":66,"code":5164,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,5166,5167,5187],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5168,5169,5171,5173,5175,5177,5179,5181,5183,5185],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5170,4134],{"class":216},[73,5172,221],{"class":220},[73,5174,891],{"class":83},[73,5176,688],{"class":116},[73,5178,140],{"class":83},[73,5180,5118],{"class":116},[73,5182,140],{"class":83},[73,5184,5118],{"class":116},[73,5186,924],{"class":83},[73,5188,5189,5191,5193,5195,5197,5199,5202,5204,5206,5208,5210,5212],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,5190,80],{"class":79},[73,5192,84],{"class":83},[73,5194,4230],{"class":79},[73,5196,84],{"class":83},[73,5198,3548],{"class":245},[73,5200,5201],{"class":220},"==",[73,5203,5118],{"class":116},[73,5205,4388],{"class":933},[73,5207,4391],{"class":245},[73,5209,940],{"class":933},[73,5211,4775],{"class":245},[73,5213,102],{"class":83},[403,5215,5217,5218,5220],{"id":5216},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,5219,806],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[64,5222,5224],{"className":66,"code":5223,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,5225,5226,5252],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5227,5228,5230,5232,5234,5236,5238,5240,5242,5244,5246,5249],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5229,80],{"class":79},[73,5231,84],{"class":83},[73,5233,4230],{"class":79},[73,5235,3510],{"class":83},[73,5237,2397],{"class":116},[73,5239,140],{"class":83},[73,5241,143],{"class":116},[73,5243,140],{"class":83},[73,5245,4345],{"class":116},[73,5247,5248],{"class":83},"]))",[73,5250,5251],{"class":769},"       # False\n",[73,5253,5254,5256,5258,5260,5262,5264,5266,5268,5270,5272,5275,5277,5279,5281,5283],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,5255,80],{"class":79},[73,5257,84],{"class":83},[73,5259,4230],{"class":79},[73,5261,3510],{"class":83},[73,5263,343],{"class":93},[73,5265,646],{"class":97},[73,5267,343],{"class":93},[73,5269,140],{"class":83},[73,5271,337],{"class":93},[73,5273,5274],{"class":97},"b",[73,5276,343],{"class":93},[73,5278,140],{"class":83},[73,5280,4350],{"class":93},[73,5282,5248],{"class":83},[73,5284,5285],{"class":769},"  # False\n",[20,5287,5288,5289,653],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,5290,1367],{},[403,5292,5294,5295,5297,5298],{"id":5293},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,5296,4117],{}," is ",[15,5299,430],{},[20,5301,5302],{},"This is expected behavior:",[64,5304,5306],{"className":66,"code":5305,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,5307,5308],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5309,5310,5312,5314,5316,5319],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5311,80],{"class":79},[73,5313,84],{"class":83},[73,5315,4230],{"class":79},[73,5317,5318],{"class":83},"([]))",[73,5320,4180],{"class":769},[20,5322,5323,5324,5326],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,5325,430],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,5328,5329],{},"Useful quick tests:",[64,5331,5333],{"className":66,"code":5332,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,5334,5335,5357,5379,5426,5462],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5336,5337,5339,5341,5343,5345,5347,5349,5351,5353,5355],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5338,80],{"class":79},[73,5340,84],{"class":83},[73,5342,4230],{"class":79},[73,5344,3510],{"class":83},[73,5346,2397],{"class":116},[73,5348,140],{"class":83},[73,5350,143],{"class":116},[73,5352,140],{"class":83},[73,5354,2982],{"class":116},[73,5356,3523],{"class":83},[73,5358,5359,5361,5363,5365,5367,5369,5371,5373,5375,5377],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,5360,80],{"class":79},[73,5362,84],{"class":83},[73,5364,4230],{"class":79},[73,5366,3510],{"class":83},[73,5368,2397],{"class":116},[73,5370,140],{"class":83},[73,5372,4345],{"class":116},[73,5374,140],{"class":83},[73,5376,2982],{"class":116},[73,5378,3523],{"class":83},[73,5380,5381,5383,5385,5387,5389,5391,5393,5395,5397,5399,5401,5403,5405,5407,5409,5411,5413,5415,5417,5419,5421,5423],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,5382,80],{"class":79},[73,5384,3510],{"class":83},[73,5386,4379],{"class":87},[73,5388,84],{"class":83},[73,5390,384],{"class":245},[73,5392,4177],{"class":83},[73,5394,4388],{"class":933},[73,5396,4391],{"class":245},[73,5398,940],{"class":933},[73,5400,891],{"class":83},[73,5402,2397],{"class":116},[73,5404,140],{"class":83},[73,5406,4345],{"class":116},[73,5408,140],{"class":83},[73,5410,4350],{"class":93},[73,5412,140],{"class":83},[73,5414,337],{"class":93},[73,5416,4357],{"class":97},[73,5418,343],{"class":93},[73,5420,140],{"class":83},[73,5422,4364],{"class":484},[73,5424,5425],{"class":83},"]])\n",[73,5427,5428,5430,5432,5434,5436,5438,5440,5442,5444,5446,5448,5450,5452,5454,5456,5458,5460],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,5429,80],{"class":79},[73,5431,84],{"class":83},[73,5433,4230],{"class":79},[73,5435,84],{"class":83},[73,5437,3548],{"class":245},[73,5439,4764],{"class":220},[73,5441,4345],{"class":116},[73,5443,4388],{"class":933},[73,5445,4391],{"class":245},[73,5447,940],{"class":933},[73,5449,891],{"class":83},[73,5451,2397],{"class":116},[73,5453,140],{"class":83},[73,5455,143],{"class":116},[73,5457,140],{"class":83},[73,5459,2982],{"class":116},[73,5461,3523],{"class":83},[73,5463,5464,5466,5468,5470],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,5465,80],{"class":79},[73,5467,84],{"class":83},[73,5469,4230],{"class":79},[73,5471,4940],{"class":83},[59,5473,1999,5475],{"id":5474},"when-to-use-all",[15,5476,4095],{},[20,5478,5479,5481],{},[15,5480,4095],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,5483,5484],{},"Common use cases:",[33,5486,5487,5490,5493],{},[36,5488,5489],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[36,5491,5492],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[36,5494,5495],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,5497,5498],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[64,5500,5502],{"className":66,"code":5501,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5503,5504,5540],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5505,5506,5509,5511,5513,5515,5518,5520,5522,5524,5527,5529,5531,5533,5536,5538],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5507,5508],{"class":216},"names ",[73,5510,221],{"class":220},[73,5512,891],{"class":83},[73,5514,343],{"class":93},[73,5516,5517],{"class":97},"Alice",[73,5519,343],{"class":93},[73,5521,140],{"class":83},[73,5523,337],{"class":93},[73,5525,5526],{"class":97},"Bob",[73,5528,343],{"class":93},[73,5530,140],{"class":83},[73,5532,337],{"class":93},[73,5534,5535],{"class":97},"Charlie",[73,5537,343],{"class":93},[73,5539,924],{"class":83},[73,5541,5542,5544,5546,5548,5550,5553],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,5543,80],{"class":79},[73,5545,84],{"class":83},[73,5547,4230],{"class":79},[73,5549,84],{"class":83},[73,5551,5552],{"class":245},"names",[73,5554,102],{"class":83},[20,5556,148],{},[64,5558,5559],{"className":66,"code":4490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,5560,5561],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5562,5563],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5564,4490],{"class":484},[20,5566,5567],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[64,5569,5571],{"className":66,"code":5570,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5572,5573,5597],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5574,5575,5578,5580,5582,5585,5587,5590,5592,5595],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5576,5577],{"class":216},"scores ",[73,5579,221],{"class":220},[73,5581,891],{"class":83},[73,5583,5584],{"class":116},"75",[73,5586,140],{"class":83},[73,5588,5589],{"class":116}," 80",[73,5591,140],{"class":83},[73,5593,5594],{"class":116}," 50",[73,5596,924],{"class":83},[73,5598,5599,5601,5603,5605,5607,5610,5613,5615,5617,5620,5622,5625],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,5600,80],{"class":79},[73,5602,84],{"class":83},[73,5604,4230],{"class":79},[73,5606,84],{"class":83},[73,5608,5609],{"class":245},"score ",[73,5611,5612],{"class":220},">=",[73,5614,5594],{"class":116},[73,5616,4388],{"class":933},[73,5618,5619],{"class":245}," score ",[73,5621,940],{"class":933},[73,5623,5624],{"class":245}," scores",[73,5626,102],{"class":83},[20,5628,148],{},[64,5630,5631],{"className":66,"code":4490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,5632,5633],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5634,5635],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5636,4490],{"class":484},[20,5638,5639],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5641,5642,5643,1647,5647,653],{},"For related tasks, see ",[646,5644,5646],{"href":5645},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[646,5648,5650],{"href":5649},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[59,5652,2350],{"id":2349},[403,5654,2387,5656,5658],{"id":5655},"what-does-all-return-in-python",[15,5657,4095],{}," return in Python?",[20,5660,2394,5661,5663,5664,5666],{},[15,5662,430],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5665,1367],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[403,5668,2367,5670,5672,5673,3023],{"id":5669},"why-does-all-return-true",[15,5671,4117],{}," return ",[15,5674,430],{},[20,5676,5677],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[403,5679,5681,5682,5684],{"id":5680},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,5683,4095],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5686,5687],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[403,5689,5691,5692,1647,5694,3023],{"id":5690},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,5693,4095],{},[15,5695,5696],{},"any()",[20,5698,5699,5701,5702,5704,5705,653],{},[15,5700,4095],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5703,5696],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[646,5706,13,5708,2422],{"href":5707},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5709,5696],{},[59,5711,2413],{"id":2412},[33,5713,5714,5720,5724,5729,5734,5739],{},[36,5715,5716],{},[646,5717,13,5718,2422],{"href":5707},[15,5719,5696],{},[36,5721,5722],{},[646,5723,4320],{"href":4319},[36,5725,5726],{},[646,5727,5728],{"href":5649},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[36,5730,5731],{},[646,5732,5733],{"href":5645},"How to filter a list in Python",[36,5735,5736],{},[646,5737,5738],{"href":4904},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[36,5740,5741],{},[646,5742,5743],{"href":4908},"What is an iterable in Python",[2459,5745,5746],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":5748},[5749,5750,5752,5753,5758,5760,5761,5770,5772,5782],{"id":4123,"depth":105,"text":4124},{"id":4192,"depth":105,"text":5751},"What all() does",{"id":4243,"depth":105,"text":4244},{"id":4441,"depth":105,"text":4442,"children":5754},[5755,5756,5757],{"id":4445,"depth":122,"text":4446},{"id":4506,"depth":122,"text":4507},{"id":4570,"depth":122,"text":4571},{"id":4709,"depth":105,"text":5759},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4912,"depth":105,"text":4913},{"id":5030,"depth":105,"text":5031,"children":5762},[5763,5764,5766,5768],{"id":5034,"depth":122,"text":5035},{"id":5091,"depth":122,"text":5765},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":5216,"depth":122,"text":5767},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":5293,"depth":122,"text":5769},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5474,"depth":105,"text":5771},"When to use all()",{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":5773},[5774,5776,5778,5780],{"id":5655,"depth":122,"text":5775},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5669,"depth":122,"text":5777},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5680,"depth":122,"text":5779},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5690,"depth":122,"text":5781},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":4087,"description":5783},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5790,"title":5791,"body":5792,"description":7477,"extension":2511,"meta":7478,"navigation":254,"path":5707,"seo":7479,"stem":7480,"__hash__":7481},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5793,"toc":7455},[5794,5797,5805,5808,5825,5833,5877,5886,5890,5895,5898,5915,5918,5929,5941,5945,5948,5963,5968,5971,5983,5986,6070,6073,6094,6100,6102,6110,6124,6126,6160,6162,6165,6226,6228,6245,6248,6275,6277,6285,6296,6300,6303,6342,6344,6352,6354,6370,6378,6381,6424,6426,6434,6439,6443,6451,6454,6480,6483,6486,6560,6562,6570,6577,6601,6612,6615,6693,6695,6703,6710,6714,6719,6734,6736,6744,6747,6753,6756,6802,6804,6821,6825,6830,6841,6844,6955,6958,7017,7023,7025,7030,7034,7036,7055,7061,7064,7083,7087,7096,7123,7125,7133,7141,7145,7151,7174,7176,7184,7191,7195,7198,7249,7252,7303,7306,7308,7312,7319,7323,7330,7334,7342,7346,7349,7371,7373,7423,7425,7452],[10,5795,5791],{"id":5796},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5798,5799,5801,5802,653],{},[15,5800,5696],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[1194,5803,5804],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5806,5807],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[33,5809,5810,5813,5816,5819,5822],{},[36,5811,5812],{},"lists",[36,5814,5815],{},"tuples",[36,5817,5818],{},"sets",[36,5820,5821],{},"strings",[36,5823,5824],{},"generator expressions",[20,5826,5827,5828,3408,5830,5832],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5829,430],{},[15,5831,1367],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[64,5834,5836],{"className":66,"code":5835,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5837,5838,5858],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5839,5840,5842,5844,5846,5848,5850,5852,5854,5856],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5841,886],{"class":216},[73,5843,221],{"class":220},[73,5845,891],{"class":83},[73,5847,806],{"class":116},[73,5849,140],{"class":83},[73,5851,4350],{"class":93},[73,5853,140],{"class":83},[73,5855,5118],{"class":116},[73,5857,924],{"class":83},[73,5859,5860,5862,5864,5867,5869,5872,5875],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,5861,80],{"class":79},[73,5863,84],{"class":83},[73,5865,5866],{"class":79},"any",[73,5868,84],{"class":83},[73,5870,5871],{"class":245},"values",[73,5873,5874],{"class":83},"))",[73,5876,4180],{"class":769},[20,5878,171,5879,5882,5883,5885],{},[15,5880,5881],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5884,430],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[59,5887,5889],{"id":5888},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5891,5892,5894],{},[15,5893,5696],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5896,5897],{},"It returns:",[33,5899,5900,5905,5910],{},[36,5901,5902,5904],{},[15,5903,430],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[36,5906,5907,5909],{},[15,5908,1367],{}," if all items are falsy",[36,5911,5912,5914],{},[15,5913,1367],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5916,5917],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[33,5919,5920,5923,5926],{},[36,5921,5922],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[36,5924,5925],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[36,5927,5928],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5930,5931,5932,5935,5936,653],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[1194,5933,5934],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[646,5937,5939],{"href":5938},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5940,4095],{},[59,5942,5944],{"id":5943},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5946,5947],{},"The syntax is simple:",[64,5949,5951],{"className":66,"code":5950,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5952,5953],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5954,5955,5957,5959,5961],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5956,5866],{"class":79},[73,5958,84],{"class":83},[73,5960,4235],{"class":245},[73,5962,249],{"class":83},[20,5964,5965,5966,653],{},"The argument must be an ",[1194,5967,4235],{},[20,5969,5970],{},"Common inputs include:",[33,5972,5973,5975,5977,5979,5981],{},[36,5974,5812],{},[36,5976,5815],{},[36,5978,5818],{},[36,5980,5821],{},[36,5982,5824],{},[20,5984,5985],{},"For example:",[64,5987,5989],{"className":66,"code":5988,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5990,5991,6013,6032,6052],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,5992,5993,5995,5997,5999,6001,6003,6005,6007,6009,6011],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,5994,80],{"class":79},[73,5996,84],{"class":83},[73,5998,5866],{"class":79},[73,6000,3510],{"class":83},[73,6002,806],{"class":116},[73,6004,140],{"class":83},[73,6006,4345],{"class":116},[73,6008,140],{"class":83},[73,6010,2085],{"class":116},[73,6012,3523],{"class":83},[73,6014,6015,6017,6019,6021,6024,6026,6028,6030],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,6016,80],{"class":79},[73,6018,84],{"class":83},[73,6020,5866],{"class":79},[73,6022,6023],{"class":83},"((",[73,6025,1367],{"class":484},[73,6027,140],{"class":83},[73,6029,4417],{"class":484},[73,6031,1784],{"class":83},[73,6033,6034,6036,6038,6040,6043,6045,6047,6049],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,6035,80],{"class":79},[73,6037,84],{"class":83},[73,6039,5866],{"class":79},[73,6041,6042],{"class":83},"({",[73,6044,806],{"class":116},[73,6046,140],{"class":83},[73,6048,143],{"class":116},[73,6050,6051],{"class":83},"}))\n",[73,6053,6054,6056,6058,6060,6062,6064,6066,6068],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,6055,80],{"class":79},[73,6057,84],{"class":83},[73,6059,5866],{"class":79},[73,6061,84],{"class":83},[73,6063,94],{"class":93},[73,6065,4357],{"class":97},[73,6067,94],{"class":93},[73,6069,102],{"class":83},[20,6071,6072],{},"Expected output:",[64,6074,6076],{"className":66,"code":6075,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,6077,6078,6082,6086,6090],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6079,6080],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6081,4490],{"class":484},[73,6083,6084],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,6085,4551],{"class":484},[73,6087,6088],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,6089,4490],{"class":484},[73,6091,6092],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,6093,4490],{"class":484},[20,6095,6096,6097,653],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[646,6098,5650],{"href":6099},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[59,6101,4244],{"id":4243},[20,6103,4247,6104,3408,6107,4252],{},[1194,6105,6106],{},"truthy",[1194,6108,6109],{},"falsy",[33,6111,6112,6118],{},[36,6113,6114,4260,6116],{},[1194,6115,4259],{},[15,6117,430],{},[36,6119,6120,4260,6122],{},[1194,6121,4267],{},[15,6123,1367],{},[20,6125,4272],{},[33,6127,6128,6132,6136,6140,6144,6148,6152,6156],{},[36,6129,6130],{},[15,6131,1367],{},[36,6133,6134],{},[15,6135,806],{},[36,6137,6138],{},[15,6139,4283],{},[36,6141,6142],{},[15,6143,1107],{},[36,6145,6146],{},[15,6147,4300],{},[36,6149,6150],{},[15,6151,4305],{},[36,6153,6154],{},[15,6155,4310],{},[36,6157,6158],{},[15,6159,1842],{},[20,6161,4313],{},[20,6163,6164],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[64,6166,6168],{"className":66,"code":6167,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,6169,6170,6184,6202],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6171,6172,6174,6176,6178,6180,6182],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6173,80],{"class":79},[73,6175,84],{"class":83},[73,6177,5866],{"class":79},[73,6179,3510],{"class":83},[73,6181,2397],{"class":116},[73,6183,3523],{"class":83},[73,6185,6186,6188,6190,6192,6194,6196,6198,6200],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,6187,80],{"class":79},[73,6189,84],{"class":83},[73,6191,5866],{"class":79},[73,6193,3510],{"class":83},[73,6195,343],{"class":93},[73,6197,4357],{"class":97},[73,6199,343],{"class":93},[73,6201,3523],{"class":83},[73,6203,6204,6206,6208,6210,6213,6215,6217,6219,6221,6223],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,6205,80],{"class":79},[73,6207,84],{"class":83},[73,6209,5866],{"class":79},[73,6211,6212],{"class":83},"([[",[73,6214,2397],{"class":116},[73,6216,140],{"class":83},[73,6218,143],{"class":116},[73,6220,140],{"class":83},[73,6222,2982],{"class":116},[73,6224,6225],{"class":83},"]]))\n",[20,6227,6072],{},[64,6229,6231],{"className":66,"code":6230,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,6232,6233,6237,6241],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6234,6235],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6236,4490],{"class":484},[73,6238,6239],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,6240,4490],{"class":484},[73,6242,6243],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,6244,4490],{"class":484},[20,6246,6247],{},"And these are all falsy:",[64,6249,6251],{"className":66,"code":6250,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,6252,6253],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6254,6255,6257,6259,6261,6263,6265,6267,6269,6271,6273],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6256,80],{"class":79},[73,6258,84],{"class":83},[73,6260,5866],{"class":79},[73,6262,3510],{"class":83},[73,6264,806],{"class":116},[73,6266,140],{"class":83},[73,6268,4350],{"class":93},[73,6270,140],{"class":83},[73,6272,4364],{"class":484},[73,6274,3523],{"class":83},[20,6276,6072],{},[64,6278,6279],{"className":66,"code":4551,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,6280,6281],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6282,6283],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6284,4551],{"class":484},[20,6286,6287,6288,1647,6291,653],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[646,6289,4320],{"href":6290},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[646,6292,6293,6295],{"href":1449},[15,6294,1452],{}," explained",[59,6297,6299],{"id":6298},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,6301,6302],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[64,6304,6306],{"className":66,"code":6305,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6307,6308,6328],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6309,6310,6312,6314,6316,6318,6320,6322,6324,6326],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6311,886],{"class":216},[73,6313,221],{"class":220},[73,6315,891],{"class":83},[73,6317,806],{"class":116},[73,6319,140],{"class":83},[73,6321,4350],{"class":93},[73,6323,140],{"class":83},[73,6325,5118],{"class":116},[73,6327,924],{"class":83},[73,6329,6330,6332,6334,6336,6338,6340],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,6331,80],{"class":79},[73,6333,84],{"class":83},[73,6335,5866],{"class":79},[73,6337,84],{"class":83},[73,6339,5871],{"class":245},[73,6341,102],{"class":83},[20,6343,148],{},[64,6345,6346],{"className":66,"code":4490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,6347,6348],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6349,6350],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6351,4490],{"class":484},[20,6353,4953],{},[33,6355,6356,6361,6365],{},[36,6357,6358,6360],{},[15,6359,806],{}," is falsy",[36,6362,6363,6360],{},[15,6364,1107],{},[36,6366,6367,6369],{},[15,6368,688],{}," is truthy",[20,6371,6372,6373,2928,6376,653],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,6374,6375],{},"any(values)",[15,6377,430],{},[20,6379,6380],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[64,6382,6384],{"className":66,"code":6383,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6385,6386,6410],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6387,6388,6390,6392,6394,6396,6398,6400,6402,6404,6406,6408],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6389,886],{"class":216},[73,6391,221],{"class":220},[73,6393,891],{"class":83},[73,6395,806],{"class":116},[73,6397,140],{"class":83},[73,6399,4350],{"class":93},[73,6401,140],{"class":83},[73,6403,4364],{"class":484},[73,6405,140],{"class":83},[73,6407,4417],{"class":484},[73,6409,924],{"class":83},[73,6411,6412,6414,6416,6418,6420,6422],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,6413,80],{"class":79},[73,6415,84],{"class":83},[73,6417,5866],{"class":79},[73,6419,84],{"class":83},[73,6421,5871],{"class":245},[73,6423,102],{"class":83},[20,6425,148],{},[64,6427,6428],{"className":66,"code":4551,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,6429,6430],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6431,6432],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6433,4551],{"class":484},[20,6435,6436,6437,653],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,6438,1367],{},[59,6440,6442],{"id":6441},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,6444,6445,6447,6448,653],{},[15,6446,5696],{}," is often used with a ",[1194,6449,6450],{},"generator expression",[20,6452,6453],{},"This is a common pattern:",[64,6455,6457],{"className":66,"code":6456,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,6458,6459],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6460,6461,6463,6465,6468,6470,6473,6475,6478],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6462,5866],{"class":79},[73,6464,84],{"class":83},[73,6466,6467],{"class":245},"condition ",[73,6469,934],{"class":933},[73,6471,6472],{"class":245}," item ",[73,6474,940],{"class":933},[73,6476,6477],{"class":245}," items",[73,6479,249],{"class":83},[20,6481,6482],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,6484,6485],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[64,6487,6489],{"className":66,"code":6488,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,6490,6491,6519,6523,6550],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6492,6493,6495,6497,6499,6501,6503,6506,6508,6510,6512,6514,6517],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6494,4134],{"class":216},[73,6496,221],{"class":220},[73,6498,891],{"class":83},[73,6500,3036],{"class":116},[73,6502,140],{"class":83},[73,6504,6505],{"class":116}," 7",[73,6507,140],{"class":83},[73,6509,2759],{"class":220},[73,6511,530],{"class":116},[73,6513,140],{"class":83},[73,6515,6516],{"class":116}," 10",[73,6518,924],{"class":83},[73,6520,6521],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,6522,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,6524,6525,6527,6529,6532,6534,6536,6538,6540,6542,6544,6546,6548],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,6526,2766],{"class":216},[73,6528,221],{"class":220},[73,6530,6531],{"class":79}," any",[73,6533,84],{"class":83},[73,6535,3548],{"class":245},[73,6537,330],{"class":220},[73,6539,4345],{"class":116},[73,6541,4388],{"class":933},[73,6543,4391],{"class":245},[73,6545,940],{"class":933},[73,6547,4775],{"class":245},[73,6549,249],{"class":83},[73,6551,6552,6554,6556,6558],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,6553,80],{"class":79},[73,6555,84],{"class":83},[73,6557,2800],{"class":245},[73,6559,249],{"class":83},[20,6561,148],{},[64,6563,6564],{"className":66,"code":4490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,6565,6566],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6567,6568],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6569,4490],{"class":484},[20,6571,6572,6573,6576],{},"This works because ",[15,6574,6575],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[33,6578,6579,6587,6594],{},[36,6580,6581,6584,6585],{},[15,6582,6583],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6586,1367],{},[36,6588,6589,6584,6592],{},[15,6590,6591],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6593,1367],{},[36,6595,6596,6584,6599],{},[15,6597,6598],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6600,430],{},[20,6602,6603,6604,6606,6607,6609,6610,653],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6605,430],{}," result, ",[15,6608,5696],{}," can return ",[15,6611,430],{},[20,6613,6614],{},"Here is another example:",[64,6616,6618],{"className":66,"code":6617,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6619,6620,6648,6652,6682],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6621,6622,6624,6626,6628,6630,6632,6634,6636,6638,6640,6642,6644,6646],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6623,4581],{"class":216},[73,6625,221],{"class":220},[73,6627,891],{"class":83},[73,6629,94],{"class":93},[73,6631,4590],{"class":97},[73,6633,94],{"class":93},[73,6635,140],{"class":83},[73,6637,912],{"class":93},[73,6639,140],{"class":83},[73,6641,224],{"class":93},[73,6643,4599],{"class":97},[73,6645,94],{"class":93},[73,6647,924],{"class":83},[73,6649,6650],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,6651,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,6653,6654,6657,6659,6661,6663,6666,6668,6670,6672,6675,6677,6680],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,6655,6656],{"class":216},"has_empty_string ",[73,6658,221],{"class":220},[73,6660,6531],{"class":79},[73,6662,84],{"class":83},[73,6664,6665],{"class":245},"word ",[73,6667,5201],{"class":220},[73,6669,912],{"class":93},[73,6671,4388],{"class":933},[73,6673,6674],{"class":245}," word ",[73,6676,940],{"class":933},[73,6678,6679],{"class":245}," words",[73,6681,249],{"class":83},[73,6683,6684,6686,6688,6691],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,6685,80],{"class":79},[73,6687,84],{"class":83},[73,6689,6690],{"class":245},"has_empty_string",[73,6692,249],{"class":83},[20,6694,148],{},[64,6696,6697],{"className":66,"code":4490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,6698,6699],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6700,6701],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6702,4490],{"class":484},[20,6704,6705,6706,653],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[646,6707,6709],{"href":6708},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[59,6711,6713],{"id":6712},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6715,6716,6717,1063],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6718,1367],{},[64,6720,6722],{"className":66,"code":6721,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6723,6724],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6725,6726,6728,6730,6732],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6727,80],{"class":79},[73,6729,84],{"class":83},[73,6731,5866],{"class":79},[73,6733,4940],{"class":83},[20,6735,148],{},[64,6737,6738],{"className":66,"code":4551,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,6739,6740],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6741,6742],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6743,4551],{"class":484},[20,6745,6746],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6748,6749,6750,6752],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6751,5696],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6754,6755],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[64,6757,6759],{"className":66,"code":6758,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6760,6761,6771,6786],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6762,6763,6765,6767,6769],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6764,80],{"class":79},[73,6766,84],{"class":83},[73,6768,5866],{"class":79},[73,6770,4998],{"class":83},[73,6772,6773,6775,6777,6779,6781,6784],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,6774,80],{"class":79},[73,6776,84],{"class":83},[73,6778,5866],{"class":79},[73,6780,84],{"class":83},[73,6782,6783],{"class":93},"\"\"",[73,6785,102],{"class":83},[73,6787,6788,6790,6792,6794,6796,6799],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,6789,80],{"class":79},[73,6791,84],{"class":83},[73,6793,5866],{"class":79},[73,6795,84],{"class":83},[73,6797,6798],{"class":87},"set",[73,6800,6801],{"class":83},"()))\n",[20,6803,148],{},[64,6805,6807],{"className":66,"code":6806,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6808,6809,6813,6817],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6810,6811],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6812,4551],{"class":484},[73,6814,6815],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,6816,4551],{"class":484},[73,6818,6819],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,6820,4551],{"class":484},[59,6822,6824],{"id":6823},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6826,171,6827,6829],{},[15,6828,5696],{}," when you want to:",[33,6831,6832,6835,6838],{},[36,6833,6834],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[36,6836,6837],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[36,6839,6840],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6842,6843],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[64,6845,6847],{"className":66,"code":6846,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6848,6849,6873,6877,6887,6891,6904,6923,6932,6938,6943],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6850,6851,6853,6855,6857,6859,6861,6863,6865,6867,6869,6871],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6852,4134],{"class":216},[73,6854,221],{"class":220},[73,6856,891],{"class":83},[73,6858,2397],{"class":116},[73,6860,140],{"class":83},[73,6862,2982],{"class":116},[73,6864,140],{"class":83},[73,6866,5118],{"class":116},[73,6868,140],{"class":83},[73,6870,594],{"class":116},[73,6872,924],{"class":83},[73,6874,6875],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,6876,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,6878,6879,6882,6884],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,6880,6881],{"class":216},"found_even ",[73,6883,221],{"class":220},[73,6885,6886],{"class":484}," False\n",[73,6888,6889],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,6890,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,6892,6893,6895,6898,6900,6902],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,6894,934],{"class":933},[73,6896,6897],{"class":216}," number ",[73,6899,940],{"class":933},[73,6901,4775],{"class":216},[73,6903,946],{"class":83},[73,6905,6906,6909,6911,6914,6916,6919,6921],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,6907,6908],{"class":933},"    if",[73,6910,6897],{"class":216},[73,6912,6913],{"class":220},"%",[73,6915,143],{"class":116},[73,6917,6918],{"class":220}," ==",[73,6920,4345],{"class":116},[73,6922,946],{"class":83},[73,6924,6925,6928,6930],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,6926,6927],{"class":216},"        found_even ",[73,6929,221],{"class":220},[73,6931,1402],{"class":484},[73,6933,6935],{"class":75,"line":6934},8,[73,6936,6937],{"class":933},"        break\n",[73,6939,6941],{"class":75,"line":6940},9,[73,6942,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,6944,6946,6948,6950,6953],{"class":75,"line":6945},10,[73,6947,80],{"class":79},[73,6949,84],{"class":83},[73,6951,6952],{"class":245},"found_even",[73,6954,249],{"class":83},[20,6956,6957],{},"You can write:",[64,6959,6961],{"className":66,"code":6960,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6962,6963,6987],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,6964,6965,6967,6969,6971,6973,6975,6977,6979,6981,6983,6985],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,6966,4134],{"class":216},[73,6968,221],{"class":220},[73,6970,891],{"class":83},[73,6972,2397],{"class":116},[73,6974,140],{"class":83},[73,6976,2982],{"class":116},[73,6978,140],{"class":83},[73,6980,5118],{"class":116},[73,6982,140],{"class":83},[73,6984,594],{"class":116},[73,6986,924],{"class":83},[73,6988,6989,6991,6993,6995,6997,6999,7001,7003,7005,7007,7009,7011,7013,7015],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,6990,80],{"class":79},[73,6992,84],{"class":83},[73,6994,5866],{"class":79},[73,6996,84],{"class":83},[73,6998,235],{"class":245},[73,7000,6913],{"class":220},[73,7002,143],{"class":116},[73,7004,6918],{"class":220},[73,7006,4345],{"class":116},[73,7008,4388],{"class":933},[73,7010,6897],{"class":245},[73,7012,940],{"class":933},[73,7014,4775],{"class":245},[73,7016,102],{"class":83},[20,7018,7019,7020,7022],{},"Both work, but ",[15,7021,5696],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[59,7024,5031],{"id":5030},[20,7026,7027,7028,653],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,7029,5696],{},[403,7031,7033],{"id":7032},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,7035,5038],{},[64,7037,7039],{"className":66,"code":7038,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(any(5))\n",[15,7040,7041],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7042,7043,7045,7047,7049,7051,7053],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7044,80],{"class":79},[73,7046,84],{"class":83},[73,7048,5866],{"class":79},[73,7050,84],{"class":83},[73,7052,688],{"class":116},[73,7054,102],{"class":83},[20,7056,7057,7058,7060],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,7059,688],{}," is not iterable.",[20,7062,7063],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[64,7065,7067],{"className":66,"code":7066,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,7068,7069],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7070,7071,7073,7075,7077,7079,7081],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7072,80],{"class":79},[73,7074,84],{"class":83},[73,7076,5866],{"class":79},[73,7078,3510],{"class":83},[73,7080,688],{"class":116},[73,7082,3523],{"class":83},[403,7084,7086],{"id":7085},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,7088,7089,7091,7092,7095],{},[15,7090,5696],{}," needs only ",[1194,7093,7094],{},"one"," truthy item.",[64,7097,7099],{"className":66,"code":7098,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,7100,7101],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7102,7103,7105,7107,7109,7111,7113,7115,7117,7119,7121],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7104,80],{"class":79},[73,7106,84],{"class":83},[73,7108,5866],{"class":79},[73,7110,3510],{"class":83},[73,7112,1367],{"class":484},[73,7114,140],{"class":83},[73,7116,4417],{"class":484},[73,7118,140],{"class":83},[73,7120,4426],{"class":484},[73,7122,3523],{"class":83},[20,7124,148],{},[64,7126,7127],{"className":66,"code":4490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,7128,7129],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7130,7131],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7132,4490],{"class":484},[20,7134,7135,7136,7140],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[646,7137,7138],{"href":5938},[15,7139,4095],{}," instead.",[403,7142,7144],{"id":7143},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,7146,7147,7148,653],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,7149,7150],{},"\"True\"",[64,7152,7154],{"className":66,"code":7153,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,7155,7156],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7157,7158,7160,7162,7164,7166,7168,7170,7172],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7159,80],{"class":79},[73,7161,84],{"class":83},[73,7163,5866],{"class":79},[73,7165,3510],{"class":83},[73,7167,94],{"class":93},[73,7169,1367],{"class":97},[73,7171,94],{"class":93},[73,7173,3523],{"class":83},[20,7175,148],{},[64,7177,7178],{"className":66,"code":4490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,7179,7180],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7181,7182],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7183,4490],{"class":484},[20,7185,7186,7187,7190],{},"That is because ",[15,7188,7189],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[403,7192,7194],{"id":7193},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,7196,7197],{},"This works:",[64,7199,7201],{"className":66,"code":7200,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,7202,7203,7223],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7204,7205,7207,7209,7211,7213,7215,7217,7219,7221],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7206,4134],{"class":216},[73,7208,221],{"class":220},[73,7210,891],{"class":83},[73,7212,2397],{"class":116},[73,7214,140],{"class":83},[73,7216,143],{"class":116},[73,7218,140],{"class":83},[73,7220,2982],{"class":116},[73,7222,924],{"class":83},[73,7224,7225,7227,7229,7231,7233,7235,7237,7239,7241,7243,7245,7247],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,7226,80],{"class":79},[73,7228,84],{"class":83},[73,7230,5866],{"class":79},[73,7232,3510],{"class":83},[73,7234,3548],{"class":245},[73,7236,4764],{"class":220},[73,7238,143],{"class":116},[73,7240,4388],{"class":933},[73,7242,4391],{"class":245},[73,7244,940],{"class":933},[73,7246,4775],{"class":245},[73,7248,3523],{"class":83},[20,7250,7251],{},"But this is usually better:",[64,7253,7255],{"className":66,"code":7254,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,7256,7257,7277],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7258,7259,7261,7263,7265,7267,7269,7271,7273,7275],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7260,4134],{"class":216},[73,7262,221],{"class":220},[73,7264,891],{"class":83},[73,7266,2397],{"class":116},[73,7268,140],{"class":83},[73,7270,143],{"class":116},[73,7272,140],{"class":83},[73,7274,2982],{"class":116},[73,7276,924],{"class":83},[73,7278,7279,7281,7283,7285,7287,7289,7291,7293,7295,7297,7299,7301],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,7280,80],{"class":79},[73,7282,84],{"class":83},[73,7284,5866],{"class":79},[73,7286,84],{"class":83},[73,7288,3548],{"class":245},[73,7290,4764],{"class":220},[73,7292,143],{"class":116},[73,7294,4388],{"class":933},[73,7296,4391],{"class":245},[73,7298,940],{"class":933},[73,7300,4775],{"class":245},[73,7302,102],{"class":83},[20,7304,7305],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[59,7307,2350],{"id":2349},[403,7309,7311],{"id":7310},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,7313,2394,7314,7316,7317,653],{},[15,7315,430],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,7318,1367],{},[403,7320,7322],{"id":7321},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,7324,7325,2928,7327,7329],{},[15,7326,5696],{},[15,7328,1367],{}," for an empty iterable.",[403,7331,7333],{"id":7332},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,7335,7336,7338,7339,7341],{},[15,7337,5696],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,7340,4095],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[403,7343,7345],{"id":7344},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,7347,7348],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[64,7350,7351],{"className":66,"code":6456,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,7352,7353],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7354,7355,7357,7359,7361,7363,7365,7367,7369],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7356,5866],{"class":79},[73,7358,84],{"class":83},[73,7360,6467],{"class":245},[73,7362,934],{"class":933},[73,7364,6472],{"class":245},[73,7366,940],{"class":933},[73,7368,6477],{"class":245},[73,7370,249],{"class":83},[20,7372,5985],{},[64,7374,7375],{"className":66,"code":7254,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,7376,7377,7397],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7378,7379,7381,7383,7385,7387,7389,7391,7393,7395],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7380,4134],{"class":216},[73,7382,221],{"class":220},[73,7384,891],{"class":83},[73,7386,2397],{"class":116},[73,7388,140],{"class":83},[73,7390,143],{"class":116},[73,7392,140],{"class":83},[73,7394,2982],{"class":116},[73,7396,924],{"class":83},[73,7398,7399,7401,7403,7405,7407,7409,7411,7413,7415,7417,7419,7421],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,7400,80],{"class":79},[73,7402,84],{"class":83},[73,7404,5866],{"class":79},[73,7406,84],{"class":83},[73,7408,3548],{"class":245},[73,7410,4764],{"class":220},[73,7412,143],{"class":116},[73,7414,4388],{"class":933},[73,7416,4391],{"class":245},[73,7418,940],{"class":933},[73,7420,4775],{"class":245},[73,7422,102],{"class":83},[59,7424,2413],{"id":2412},[33,7426,7427,7433,7437,7441,7446],{},[36,7428,7429],{},[646,7430,7431,2422],{"href":5938},[15,7432,4095],{},[36,7434,7435],{},[646,7436,4320],{"href":6290},[36,7438,7439],{},[646,7440,5728],{"href":6099},[36,7442,7443],{},[646,7444,7445],{"href":6708},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[36,7447,7448],{},[646,7449,7450,2422],{"href":1449},[15,7451,1452],{},[2459,7453,7454],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":7456},[7457,7458,7459,7460,7461,7462,7463,7464,7470,7476],{"id":5888,"depth":105,"text":5889},{"id":5943,"depth":105,"text":5944},{"id":4243,"depth":105,"text":4244},{"id":6298,"depth":105,"text":6299},{"id":6441,"depth":105,"text":6442},{"id":6712,"depth":105,"text":6713},{"id":6823,"depth":105,"text":6824},{"id":5030,"depth":105,"text":5031,"children":7465},[7466,7467,7468,7469],{"id":7032,"depth":122,"text":7033},{"id":7085,"depth":122,"text":7086},{"id":7143,"depth":122,"text":7144},{"id":7193,"depth":122,"text":7194},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":7471},[7472,7473,7474,7475],{"id":7310,"depth":122,"text":7311},{"id":7321,"depth":122,"text":7322},{"id":7332,"depth":122,"text":7333},{"id":7344,"depth":122,"text":7345},{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5791,"description":7477},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7483,"title":7484,"body":7485,"description":9610,"extension":2511,"meta":9611,"navigation":254,"path":9612,"seo":9613,"stem":9614,"__hash__":9615},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7486,"toc":9573},[7487,7490,7499,7509,7511,7608,7610,7639,7655,7659,7664,7667,7677,7683,7689,7705,7707,7715,7722,7726,7729,7744,7749,7767,7772,7774,7822,7824,7841,7845,7850,7853,7887,7889,7995,7997,8034,8038,8046,8048,8068,8070,8191,8193,8222,8225,8248,8250,8258,8266,8270,8276,8280,8323,8325,8333,8336,8364,8366,8374,8378,8407,8409,8417,8449,8451,8459,8463,8514,8516,8524,8532,8536,8539,8591,8593,8613,8620,8624,8630,8633,8641,8663,8665,8673,8681,8704,8706,8714,8719,8724,8735,8737,8778,8789,8793,8802,8805,8808,8867,8870,8922,8925,8930,8946,8952,8954,8959,8967,8970,8992,8994,9002,9007,9010,9045,9047,9055,9059,9064,9102,9113,9116,9171,9179,9183,9186,9208,9217,9220,9261,9263,9286,9292,9298,9313,9315,9335,9338,9357,9359,9378,9382,9388,9467,9470,9484,9489,9491,9495,9502,9506,9510,9514,9519,9523,9528,9532,9539,9541,9570],[10,7488,7484],{"id":7489},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,7491,1580,7492,7494,7495,3408,7497,653],{},[15,7493,1452],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,7496,430],{},[15,7498,1367],{},[20,7500,7501,7502,7504,7505,7508],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7503,1452],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7506,7507],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[59,7510,4124],{"id":4123},[64,7512,7514],{"className":66,"code":7513,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,7515,7516,7530,7544,7558,7576,7586],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7517,7518,7520,7522,7524,7526,7528],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7519,80],{"class":79},[73,7521,84],{"class":83},[73,7523,4379],{"class":87},[73,7525,84],{"class":83},[73,7527,806],{"class":116},[73,7529,102],{"class":83},[73,7531,7532,7534,7536,7538,7540,7542],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,7533,80],{"class":79},[73,7535,84],{"class":83},[73,7537,4379],{"class":87},[73,7539,84],{"class":83},[73,7541,2397],{"class":116},[73,7543,102],{"class":83},[73,7545,7546,7548,7550,7552,7554,7556],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,7547,80],{"class":79},[73,7549,84],{"class":83},[73,7551,4379],{"class":87},[73,7553,84],{"class":83},[73,7555,6783],{"class":93},[73,7557,102],{"class":83},[73,7559,7560,7562,7564,7566,7568,7570,7572,7574],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,7561,80],{"class":79},[73,7563,84],{"class":83},[73,7565,4379],{"class":87},[73,7567,84],{"class":83},[73,7569,94],{"class":93},[73,7571,4357],{"class":97},[73,7573,94],{"class":93},[73,7575,102],{"class":83},[73,7577,7578,7580,7582,7584],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,7579,80],{"class":79},[73,7581,84],{"class":83},[73,7583,4379],{"class":87},[73,7585,4940],{"class":83},[73,7587,7588,7590,7592,7594,7596,7598,7600,7602,7604,7606],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,7589,80],{"class":79},[73,7591,84],{"class":83},[73,7593,4379],{"class":87},[73,7595,3510],{"class":83},[73,7597,2397],{"class":116},[73,7599,140],{"class":83},[73,7601,143],{"class":116},[73,7603,140],{"class":83},[73,7605,2982],{"class":116},[73,7607,3523],{"class":83},[20,7609,6072],{},[64,7611,7613],{"className":66,"code":7612,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7614,7615,7619,7623,7627,7631,7635],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7616,7617],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7618,4551],{"class":484},[73,7620,7621],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,7622,4490],{"class":484},[73,7624,7625],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,7626,4551],{"class":484},[73,7628,7629],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,7630,4490],{"class":484},[73,7632,7633],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,7634,4551],{"class":484},[73,7636,7637],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,7638,4490],{"class":484},[20,7640,171,7641,7644,7645,3408,7647,7649,7650,7652,7653,653],{},[15,7642,7643],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7646,430],{},[15,7648,1367],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7651,1367],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7654,430],{},[59,7656,7658],{"id":7657},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7660,7661,7663],{},[15,7662,1452],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7665,7666],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[33,7668,7669,7673],{},[36,7670,7671],{},[15,7672,430],{},[36,7674,7675],{},[15,7676,1367],{},[20,7678,7679,7680,7682],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7681,7507],{}," statements.",[20,7684,7685,7686,7688],{},"You can also call ",[15,7687,1452],{}," with no argument:",[64,7690,7692],{"className":66,"code":7691,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(bool())\n",[15,7693,7694],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7695,7696,7698,7700,7702],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7697,80],{"class":79},[73,7699,84],{"class":83},[73,7701,4379],{"class":87},[73,7703,7704],{"class":83},"())\n",[20,7706,148],{},[64,7708,7709],{"className":66,"code":4551,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,7710,7711],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7712,7713],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7714,4551],{"class":484},[20,7716,7717,7718,653],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[646,7719,7721],{"href":7720},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[59,7723,7725],{"id":7724},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7727,7728],{},"The basic syntax is:",[64,7730,7732],{"className":66,"code":7731,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"bool(value)\n",[15,7733,7734],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7735,7736,7738,7740,7742],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7737,4379],{"class":87},[73,7739,84],{"class":83},[73,7741,967],{"class":245},[73,7743,249],{"class":83},[20,7745,1580,7746,7748],{},[15,7747,967],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[33,7750,7751,7753,7755,7757,7759,7762,7764],{},[36,7752,4164],{},[36,7754,5821],{},[36,7756,5812],{},[36,7758,5815],{},[36,7760,7761],{},"dictionaries",[36,7763,5818],{},[36,7765,7766],{},"other objects",[20,7768,7769,7770,653],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7771,1367],{},[20,7773,206],{},[64,7775,7777],{"className":66,"code":7776,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7778,7779,7793,7812],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7780,7781,7783,7785,7787,7789,7791],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7782,80],{"class":79},[73,7784,84],{"class":83},[73,7786,4379],{"class":87},[73,7788,84],{"class":83},[73,7790,452],{"class":116},[73,7792,102],{"class":83},[73,7794,7795,7797,7799,7801,7803,7805,7808,7810],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,7796,80],{"class":79},[73,7798,84],{"class":83},[73,7800,4379],{"class":87},[73,7802,84],{"class":83},[73,7804,94],{"class":93},[73,7806,7807],{"class":97},"Python",[73,7809,94],{"class":93},[73,7811,102],{"class":83},[73,7813,7814,7816,7818,7820],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,7815,80],{"class":79},[73,7817,84],{"class":83},[73,7819,4379],{"class":87},[73,7821,7704],{"class":83},[20,7823,148],{},[64,7825,7827],{"className":66,"code":7826,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7828,7829,7833,7837],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7830,7831],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7832,4490],{"class":484},[73,7834,7835],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,7836,4490],{"class":484},[73,7838,7839],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,7840,4551],{"class":484},[59,7842,7844],{"id":7843},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7846,7847,7848,197],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[1194,7849,6109],{},[20,7851,7852],{},"Common examples:",[33,7854,7855,7859,7863,7867,7871,7875,7879,7883],{},[36,7856,7857],{},[15,7858,806],{},[36,7860,7861],{},[15,7862,4283],{},[36,7864,7865],{},[15,7866,6783],{},[36,7868,7869],{},[15,7870,4300],{},[36,7872,7873],{},[15,7874,1052],{},[36,7876,7877],{},[15,7878,4305],{},[36,7880,7881],{},[15,7882,4310],{},[36,7884,7885],{},[15,7886,1842],{},[20,7888,206],{},[64,7890,7892],{"className":66,"code":7891,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7893,7894,7908,7922,7936,7946,7956,7967,7981],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,7895,7896,7898,7900,7902,7904,7906],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,7897,80],{"class":79},[73,7899,84],{"class":83},[73,7901,4379],{"class":87},[73,7903,84],{"class":83},[73,7905,806],{"class":116},[73,7907,102],{"class":83},[73,7909,7910,7912,7914,7916,7918,7920],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,7911,80],{"class":79},[73,7913,84],{"class":83},[73,7915,4379],{"class":87},[73,7917,84],{"class":83},[73,7919,4283],{"class":116},[73,7921,102],{"class":83},[73,7923,7924,7926,7928,7930,7932,7934],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,7925,80],{"class":79},[73,7927,84],{"class":83},[73,7929,4379],{"class":87},[73,7931,84],{"class":83},[73,7933,6783],{"class":93},[73,7935,102],{"class":83},[73,7937,7938,7940,7942,7944],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,7939,80],{"class":79},[73,7941,84],{"class":83},[73,7943,4379],{"class":87},[73,7945,4940],{"class":83},[73,7947,7948,7950,7952,7954],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,7949,80],{"class":79},[73,7951,84],{"class":83},[73,7953,4379],{"class":87},[73,7955,4998],{"class":83},[73,7957,7958,7960,7962,7964],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,7959,80],{"class":79},[73,7961,84],{"class":83},[73,7963,4379],{"class":87},[73,7965,7966],{"class":83},"({}))\n",[73,7968,7969,7971,7973,7975,7977,7979],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,7970,80],{"class":79},[73,7972,84],{"class":83},[73,7974,4379],{"class":87},[73,7976,84],{"class":83},[73,7978,6798],{"class":87},[73,7980,6801],{"class":83},[73,7982,7983,7985,7987,7989,7991,7993],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,7984,80],{"class":79},[73,7986,84],{"class":83},[73,7988,4379],{"class":87},[73,7990,84],{"class":83},[73,7992,1842],{"class":484},[73,7994,102],{"class":83},[20,7996,148],{},[64,7998,8000],{"className":66,"code":7999,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,8001,8002,8006,8010,8014,8018,8022,8026,8030],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8003,8004],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8005,4551],{"class":484},[73,8007,8008],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,8009,4551],{"class":484},[73,8011,8012],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,8013,4551],{"class":484},[73,8015,8016],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,8017,4551],{"class":484},[73,8019,8020],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,8021,4551],{"class":484},[73,8023,8024],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,8025,4551],{"class":484},[73,8027,8028],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,8029,4551],{"class":484},[73,8031,8032],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,8033,4551],{"class":484},[59,8035,8037],{"id":8036},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,8039,8040,8041,8043,8044,197],{},"Many values become ",[15,8042,430],{},". These are often called ",[1194,8045,6106],{},[20,8047,7852],{},[33,8049,8050,8053,8056,8059,8062,8065],{},[36,8051,8052],{},"non-zero numbers",[36,8054,8055],{},"non-empty strings",[36,8057,8058],{},"non-empty lists",[36,8060,8061],{},"non-empty tuples",[36,8063,8064],{},"non-empty sets",[36,8066,8067],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,8069,206],{},[64,8071,8073],{"className":66,"code":8072,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,8074,8075,8089,8105,8123,8145,8163],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8076,8077,8079,8081,8083,8085,8087],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8078,80],{"class":79},[73,8080,84],{"class":83},[73,8082,4379],{"class":87},[73,8084,84],{"class":83},[73,8086,688],{"class":116},[73,8088,102],{"class":83},[73,8090,8091,8093,8095,8097,8099,8101,8103],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,8092,80],{"class":79},[73,8094,84],{"class":83},[73,8096,4379],{"class":87},[73,8098,84],{"class":83},[73,8100,746],{"class":220},[73,8102,530],{"class":116},[73,8104,102],{"class":83},[73,8106,8107,8109,8111,8113,8115,8117,8119,8121],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,8108,80],{"class":79},[73,8110,84],{"class":83},[73,8112,4379],{"class":87},[73,8114,84],{"class":83},[73,8116,94],{"class":93},[73,8118,4357],{"class":97},[73,8120,94],{"class":93},[73,8122,102],{"class":83},[73,8124,8125,8127,8129,8131,8133,8135,8137,8139,8141,8143],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,8126,80],{"class":79},[73,8128,84],{"class":83},[73,8130,4379],{"class":87},[73,8132,3510],{"class":83},[73,8134,2397],{"class":116},[73,8136,140],{"class":83},[73,8138,143],{"class":116},[73,8140,140],{"class":83},[73,8142,2982],{"class":116},[73,8144,3523],{"class":83},[73,8146,8147,8149,8151,8153,8155,8157,8159,8161],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,8148,80],{"class":79},[73,8150,84],{"class":83},[73,8152,4379],{"class":87},[73,8154,6023],{"class":83},[73,8156,2397],{"class":116},[73,8158,140],{"class":83},[73,8160,143],{"class":116},[73,8162,1784],{"class":83},[73,8164,8165,8167,8169,8171,8173,8175,8178,8180,8182,8184,8187,8189],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,8166,80],{"class":79},[73,8168,84],{"class":83},[73,8170,4379],{"class":87},[73,8172,6042],{"class":83},[73,8174,94],{"class":93},[73,8176,8177],{"class":97},"name",[73,8179,94],{"class":93},[73,8181,1063],{"class":83},[73,8183,224],{"class":93},[73,8185,8186],{"class":97},"Sam",[73,8188,94],{"class":93},[73,8190,6051],{"class":83},[20,8192,148],{},[64,8194,8196],{"className":66,"code":8195,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,8197,8198,8202,8206,8210,8214,8218],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8199,8200],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8201,4490],{"class":484},[73,8203,8204],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,8205,4490],{"class":484},[73,8207,8208],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,8209,4490],{"class":484},[73,8211,8212],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,8213,4490],{"class":484},[73,8215,8216],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,8217,4490],{"class":484},[73,8219,8220],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,8221,4490],{"class":484},[20,8223,8224],{},"One important example is this:",[64,8226,8228],{"className":66,"code":8227,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,8229,8230],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8231,8232,8234,8236,8238,8240,8242,8244,8246],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8233,80],{"class":79},[73,8235,84],{"class":83},[73,8237,4379],{"class":87},[73,8239,84],{"class":83},[73,8241,94],{"class":93},[73,8243,1367],{"class":97},[73,8245,94],{"class":93},[73,8247,102],{"class":83},[20,8249,148],{},[64,8251,8252],{"className":66,"code":4490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,8253,8254],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8255,8256],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8257,4490],{"class":484},[20,8259,8260,8261,8263,8264,653],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,8262,7189],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,8265,430],{},[59,8267,8269],{"id":8268},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,8271,8272,8273,8275],{},"You can use ",[15,8274,1452],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[403,8277,8279],{"id":8278},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[64,8281,8283],{"className":66,"code":8282,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8284,8285,8308],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8286,8287,8290,8292,8294,8296,8298,8301,8303,8306],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8288,8289],{"class":216},"items ",[73,8291,221],{"class":220},[73,8293,891],{"class":83},[73,8295,452],{"class":116},[73,8297,140],{"class":83},[73,8299,8300],{"class":116}," 20",[73,8302,140],{"class":83},[73,8304,8305],{"class":116}," 30",[73,8307,924],{"class":83},[73,8309,8310,8312,8314,8316,8318,8321],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,8311,80],{"class":79},[73,8313,84],{"class":83},[73,8315,4379],{"class":87},[73,8317,84],{"class":83},[73,8319,8320],{"class":245},"items",[73,8322,102],{"class":83},[20,8324,148],{},[64,8326,8327],{"className":66,"code":4490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,8328,8329],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8330,8331],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8332,4490],{"class":484},[20,8334,8335],{},"With an empty list:",[64,8337,8339],{"className":66,"code":8338,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8340,8341,8350],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8342,8343,8345,8347],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8344,8289],{"class":216},[73,8346,221],{"class":220},[73,8348,8349],{"class":83}," []\n",[73,8351,8352,8354,8356,8358,8360,8362],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,8353,80],{"class":79},[73,8355,84],{"class":83},[73,8357,4379],{"class":87},[73,8359,84],{"class":83},[73,8361,8320],{"class":245},[73,8363,102],{"class":83},[20,8365,148],{},[64,8367,8368],{"className":66,"code":4551,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,8369,8370],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8371,8372],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8373,4551],{"class":484},[403,8375,8377],{"id":8376},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[64,8379,8381],{"className":66,"code":8380,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8382,8383,8393],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8384,8385,8388,8390],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8386,8387],{"class":216},"name ",[73,8389,221],{"class":220},[73,8391,8392],{"class":93}," \"\"\n",[73,8394,8395,8397,8399,8401,8403,8405],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,8396,80],{"class":79},[73,8398,84],{"class":83},[73,8400,4379],{"class":87},[73,8402,84],{"class":83},[73,8404,8177],{"class":245},[73,8406,102],{"class":83},[20,8408,148],{},[64,8410,8411],{"className":66,"code":4551,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,8412,8413],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8414,8415],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8416,4551],{"class":484},[64,8418,8420],{"className":66,"code":8419,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8421,8422,8435],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8423,8424,8426,8428,8430,8433],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8425,8387],{"class":216},[73,8427,221],{"class":220},[73,8429,224],{"class":93},[73,8431,8432],{"class":97},"Mia",[73,8434,230],{"class":93},[73,8436,8437,8439,8441,8443,8445,8447],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,8438,80],{"class":79},[73,8440,84],{"class":83},[73,8442,4379],{"class":87},[73,8444,84],{"class":83},[73,8446,8177],{"class":245},[73,8448,102],{"class":83},[20,8450,148],{},[64,8452,8453],{"className":66,"code":4490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,8454,8455],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8456,8457],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8458,4490],{"class":484},[403,8460,8462],{"id":8461},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[64,8464,8466],{"className":66,"code":8465,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,8467,8468,8482,8499,8503],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8469,8470,8473,8475,8477,8480],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8471,8472],{"class":216},"username ",[73,8474,221],{"class":220},[73,8476,224],{"class":93},[73,8478,8479],{"class":97},"alex",[73,8481,230],{"class":93},[73,8483,8484,8487,8489,8492,8494,8497],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,8485,8486],{"class":216},"has_name ",[73,8488,221],{"class":220},[73,8490,8491],{"class":87}," bool",[73,8493,84],{"class":83},[73,8495,8496],{"class":245},"username",[73,8498,249],{"class":83},[73,8500,8501],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,8502,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,8504,8505,8507,8509,8512],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,8506,80],{"class":79},[73,8508,84],{"class":83},[73,8510,8511],{"class":245},"has_name",[73,8513,249],{"class":83},[20,8515,148],{},[64,8517,8518],{"className":66,"code":4490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,8519,8520],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8521,8522],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8523,4490],{"class":484},[20,8525,8526,8527,3408,8529,8531],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,8528,430],{},[15,8530,1367],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[403,8533,8535],{"id":8534},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,8537,8538],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[64,8540,8542],{"className":66,"code":8541,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,8543,8544,8564,8568,8576],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8545,8546,8548,8550,8552,8554,8556,8558,8560,8562],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8547,4134],{"class":216},[73,8549,221],{"class":220},[73,8551,891],{"class":83},[73,8553,2397],{"class":116},[73,8555,140],{"class":83},[73,8557,143],{"class":116},[73,8559,140],{"class":83},[73,8561,2982],{"class":116},[73,8563,924],{"class":83},[73,8565,8566],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,8567,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,8569,8570,8572,8574],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,8571,7507],{"class":933},[73,8573,4775],{"class":216},[73,8575,946],{"class":83},[73,8577,8578,8580,8582,8584,8587,8589],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,8579,1676],{"class":79},[73,8581,84],{"class":83},[73,8583,94],{"class":93},[73,8585,8586],{"class":97},"The list is not empty",[73,8588,94],{"class":93},[73,8590,249],{"class":83},[20,8592,148],{},[64,8594,8596],{"className":66,"code":8595,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8597,8598],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8599,8600,8602,8605,8608,8610],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8601,1580],{"class":216},[73,8603,8604],{"class":87},"list",[73,8606,8607],{"class":220}," is",[73,8609,1910],{"class":220},[73,8611,8612],{"class":216}," empty\n",[20,8614,8615,8616,653],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[646,8617,8619],{"href":8618},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[59,8621,8623],{"id":8622},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8625,8626,8627,8629],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8628,1452],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8631,8632],{},"It does not do that.",[403,8634,8636,2928,8639],{"id":8635},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8637,8638],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8640,430],{},[64,8642,8643],{"className":66,"code":8227,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,8644,8645],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8646,8647,8649,8651,8653,8655,8657,8659,8661],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8648,80],{"class":79},[73,8650,84],{"class":83},[73,8652,4379],{"class":87},[73,8654,84],{"class":83},[73,8656,94],{"class":93},[73,8658,1367],{"class":97},[73,8660,94],{"class":93},[73,8662,102],{"class":83},[20,8664,148],{},[64,8666,8667],{"className":66,"code":4490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,8668,8669],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8670,8671],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8672,4490],{"class":484},[403,8674,8676,2928,8679],{"id":8675},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8677,8678],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8680,430],{},[64,8682,8684],{"className":66,"code":8683,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8685,8686],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8687,8688,8690,8692,8694,8696,8698,8700,8702],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8689,80],{"class":79},[73,8691,84],{"class":83},[73,8693,4379],{"class":87},[73,8695,84],{"class":83},[73,8697,94],{"class":93},[73,8699,806],{"class":97},[73,8701,94],{"class":93},[73,8703,102],{"class":83},[20,8705,148],{},[64,8707,8708],{"className":66,"code":4490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,8709,8710],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8711,8712],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8713,4490],{"class":484},[20,8715,8716,8717,653],{},"This happens because both values are ",[1194,8718,8055],{},[20,8720,8721,8723],{},[15,8722,1452],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8725,8726,8727,8731,8732,8734],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[646,8728,8729],{"href":1171},[15,8730,1174],{},", because ",[15,8733,1174],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8736,206],{},[64,8738,8740],{"className":66,"code":8739,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8741,8742,8763],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8743,8744,8747,8749,8752,8754,8756,8759,8761],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8745,8746],{"class":216},"user_value ",[73,8748,221],{"class":220},[73,8750,8751],{"class":79}," input",[73,8753,84],{"class":83},[73,8755,94],{"class":93},[73,8757,8758],{"class":97},"Enter True or False: ",[73,8760,94],{"class":93},[73,8762,249],{"class":83},[73,8764,8765,8767,8769,8771,8773,8776],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,8766,80],{"class":79},[73,8768,84],{"class":83},[73,8770,4379],{"class":87},[73,8772,84],{"class":83},[73,8774,8775],{"class":245},"user_value",[73,8777,102],{"class":83},[20,8779,8780,8781,8783,8784,8731,8786,8788],{},"If the user types ",[15,8782,1367],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8785,430],{},[15,8787,7189],{}," is not empty.",[59,8790,8792],{"id":8791},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8794,8795,8796,8798,8799,8801],{},"In many ",[15,8797,7507],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8800,1452],{}," yourself.",[20,8803,8804],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8806,8807],{},"Instead of this:",[64,8809,8811],{"className":66,"code":8810,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8812,8813,8834,8838,8852],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8814,8815,8818,8820,8822,8824,8826,8828,8830,8832],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8816,8817],{"class":216},"my_list ",[73,8819,221],{"class":220},[73,8821,891],{"class":83},[73,8823,2397],{"class":116},[73,8825,140],{"class":83},[73,8827,143],{"class":116},[73,8829,140],{"class":83},[73,8831,2982],{"class":116},[73,8833,924],{"class":83},[73,8835,8836],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,8837,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,8839,8840,8842,8844,8846,8849],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,8841,7507],{"class":933},[73,8843,8491],{"class":87},[73,8845,84],{"class":83},[73,8847,8848],{"class":245},"my_list",[73,8850,8851],{"class":83},"):\n",[73,8853,8854,8856,8858,8860,8863,8865],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,8855,1676],{"class":79},[73,8857,84],{"class":83},[73,8859,94],{"class":93},[73,8861,8862],{"class":97},"List has items",[73,8864,94],{"class":93},[73,8866,249],{"class":83},[20,8868,8869],{},"You can simply write:",[64,8871,8873],{"className":66,"code":8872,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8874,8875,8895,8899,8908],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8876,8877,8879,8881,8883,8885,8887,8889,8891,8893],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8878,8817],{"class":216},[73,8880,221],{"class":220},[73,8882,891],{"class":83},[73,8884,2397],{"class":116},[73,8886,140],{"class":83},[73,8888,143],{"class":116},[73,8890,140],{"class":83},[73,8892,2982],{"class":116},[73,8894,924],{"class":83},[73,8896,8897],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,8898,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,8900,8901,8903,8906],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,8902,7507],{"class":933},[73,8904,8905],{"class":216}," my_list",[73,8907,946],{"class":83},[73,8909,8910,8912,8914,8916,8918,8920],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,8911,1676],{"class":79},[73,8913,84],{"class":83},[73,8915,94],{"class":93},[73,8917,8862],{"class":97},[73,8919,94],{"class":93},[73,8921,249],{"class":83},[20,8923,8924],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8926,657,8927,8929],{},[15,8928,1452],{}," is still helpful when:",[33,8931,8932,8935,8943],{},[36,8933,8934],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[36,8936,8937,8938,3408,8940,8942],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8939,430],{},[15,8941,1367],{}," value",[36,8944,8945],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8947,8948,8949,653],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[646,8950,8951],{"href":2834},"Python type() function explained",[59,8953,2102],{"id":2101},[20,8955,8956,8957,653],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8958,1452],{},[403,8960,2300,8962,8964,8965],{"id":8961},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,8963,8638],{}," to return ",[15,8966,1367],{},[20,8968,8969],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[64,8971,8972],{"className":66,"code":8227,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,8973,8974],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8975,8976,8978,8980,8982,8984,8986,8988,8990],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,8977,80],{"class":79},[73,8979,84],{"class":83},[73,8981,4379],{"class":87},[73,8983,84],{"class":83},[73,8985,94],{"class":93},[73,8987,1367],{"class":97},[73,8989,94],{"class":93},[73,8991,102],{"class":83},[20,8993,148],{},[64,8995,8996],{"className":66,"code":4490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,8997,8998],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,8999,9000],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9001,4490],{"class":484},[20,9003,9004,9005,7190],{},"Why? Because ",[15,9006,7189],{},[20,9008,9009],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[64,9011,9013],{"className":66,"code":9012,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,9014,9015,9027],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9016,9017,9019,9021,9023,9025],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9018,2202],{"class":216},[73,9020,221],{"class":220},[73,9022,224],{"class":93},[73,9024,1367],{"class":97},[73,9026,230],{"class":93},[73,9028,9029,9031,9033,9035,9037,9039,9041,9043],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,9030,80],{"class":79},[73,9032,84],{"class":83},[73,9034,2202],{"class":245},[73,9036,5201],{"class":220},[73,9038,224],{"class":93},[73,9040,430],{"class":97},[73,9042,94],{"class":93},[73,9044,249],{"class":83},[20,9046,148],{},[64,9048,9049],{"className":66,"code":4551,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,9050,9051],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9052,9053],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9054,4551],{"class":484},[403,9056,9058],{"id":9057},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,9060,9061,9063],{},[15,9062,1174],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[64,9065,9067],{"className":66,"code":9066,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,9068,9069,9088],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9070,9071,9073,9075,9077,9079,9081,9084,9086],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9072,2202],{"class":216},[73,9074,221],{"class":220},[73,9076,8751],{"class":79},[73,9078,84],{"class":83},[73,9080,94],{"class":93},[73,9082,9083],{"class":97},"Enter yes or no: ",[73,9085,94],{"class":93},[73,9087,249],{"class":83},[73,9089,9090,9092,9094,9096,9098,9100],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,9091,80],{"class":79},[73,9093,84],{"class":83},[73,9095,4379],{"class":87},[73,9097,84],{"class":83},[73,9099,967],{"class":245},[73,9101,102],{"class":83},[20,9103,8780,9104,9107,9108,1631,9110,8788],{},[15,9105,9106],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,9109,430],{},[15,9111,9112],{},"\"no\"",[20,9114,9115],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[64,9117,9119],{"className":66,"code":9118,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,9120,9121,9152],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9122,9123,9125,9127,9129,9131,9133,9135,9137,9140,9143,9146,9149],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9124,2202],{"class":216},[73,9126,221],{"class":220},[73,9128,8751],{"class":79},[73,9130,84],{"class":83},[73,9132,94],{"class":93},[73,9134,9083],{"class":97},[73,9136,94],{"class":93},[73,9138,9139],{"class":83},").",[73,9141,9142],{"class":245},"strip",[73,9144,9145],{"class":83},"().",[73,9147,9148],{"class":245},"lower",[73,9150,9151],{"class":83},"()\n",[73,9153,9154,9156,9158,9160,9162,9164,9167,9169],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,9155,80],{"class":79},[73,9157,84],{"class":83},[73,9159,2202],{"class":245},[73,9161,5201],{"class":220},[73,9163,224],{"class":93},[73,9165,9166],{"class":97},"yes",[73,9168,94],{"class":93},[73,9170,249],{"class":83},[20,9172,9173,9174,9176,9177,653],{},"This gives ",[15,9175,430],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,9178,9166],{},[403,9180,9182],{"id":9181},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,9184,9185],{},"These are different:",[33,9187,9188,9192,9196,9200,9204],{},[36,9189,9190],{},[15,9191,1367],{},[36,9193,9194],{},[15,9195,806],{},[36,9197,9198],{},[15,9199,6783],{},[36,9201,9202],{},[15,9203,4300],{},[36,9205,9206],{},[15,9207,1842],{},[20,9209,9210,9211,9213,9214,9216],{},"They all become ",[15,9212,1367],{}," with ",[15,9215,1452],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,9218,9219],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[64,9221,9223],{"className":66,"code":9222,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,9224,9225,9233,9247],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9226,9227,9229,9231],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9228,2202],{"class":216},[73,9230,221],{"class":220},[73,9232,8349],{"class":83},[73,9234,9235,9237,9239,9241,9243,9245],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,9236,80],{"class":79},[73,9238,84],{"class":83},[73,9240,288],{"class":87},[73,9242,84],{"class":83},[73,9244,967],{"class":245},[73,9246,102],{"class":83},[73,9248,9249,9251,9253,9255,9257,9259],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,9250,80],{"class":79},[73,9252,84],{"class":83},[73,9254,4379],{"class":87},[73,9256,84],{"class":83},[73,9258,967],{"class":245},[73,9260,102],{"class":83},[20,9262,148],{},[64,9264,9266],{"className":66,"code":9265,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,9267,9268,9282],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9269,9270,9272,9274,9276,9278,9280],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9271,330],{"class":220},[73,9273,334],{"class":333},[73,9275,337],{"class":93},[73,9277,8604],{"class":97},[73,9279,343],{"class":93},[73,9281,346],{"class":220},[73,9283,9284],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,9285,4551],{"class":484},[403,9287,657,9289,9291],{"id":9288},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,9290,4305],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,9293,9294,9295,9297],{},"In Python, ",[15,9296,4305],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[64,9299,9301],{"className":66,"code":9300,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type({}))\n",[15,9302,9303],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9304,9305,9307,9309,9311],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9306,80],{"class":79},[73,9308,84],{"class":83},[73,9310,288],{"class":87},[73,9312,7966],{"class":83},[20,9314,148],{},[64,9316,9318],{"className":66,"code":9317,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,9319,9320],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9321,9322,9324,9326,9328,9331,9333],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9323,330],{"class":220},[73,9325,334],{"class":333},[73,9327,337],{"class":93},[73,9329,9330],{"class":97},"dict",[73,9332,343],{"class":93},[73,9334,346],{"class":220},[20,9336,9337],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[64,9339,9341],{"className":66,"code":9340,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,9342,9343],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9344,9345,9347,9349,9351,9353,9355],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9346,80],{"class":79},[73,9348,84],{"class":83},[73,9350,288],{"class":87},[73,9352,84],{"class":83},[73,9354,6798],{"class":87},[73,9356,6801],{"class":83},[20,9358,148],{},[64,9360,9362],{"className":66,"code":9361,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,9363,9364],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9365,9366,9368,9370,9372,9374,9376],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9367,330],{"class":220},[73,9369,334],{"class":333},[73,9371,337],{"class":93},[73,9373,6798],{"class":97},[73,9375,343],{"class":93},[73,9377,346],{"class":220},[59,9379,9381],{"id":9380},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,9383,9384,9385,9387],{},"If ",[15,9386,1452],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[64,9389,9391],{"className":66,"code":9390,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,9392,9393,9407,9421,9431,9449],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9394,9395,9397,9399,9401,9403,9405],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9396,80],{"class":79},[73,9398,84],{"class":83},[73,9400,4379],{"class":87},[73,9402,84],{"class":83},[73,9404,967],{"class":245},[73,9406,102],{"class":83},[73,9408,9409,9411,9413,9415,9417,9419],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,9410,80],{"class":79},[73,9412,84],{"class":83},[73,9414,288],{"class":87},[73,9416,84],{"class":83},[73,9418,967],{"class":245},[73,9420,102],{"class":83},[73,9422,9423,9425,9427,9429],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,9424,80],{"class":79},[73,9426,84],{"class":83},[73,9428,967],{"class":245},[73,9430,249],{"class":83},[73,9432,9433,9435,9437,9439,9441,9443,9445,9447],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,9434,80],{"class":79},[73,9436,84],{"class":83},[73,9438,2202],{"class":245},[73,9440,5201],{"class":220},[73,9442,224],{"class":93},[73,9444,430],{"class":97},[73,9446,94],{"class":93},[73,9448,249],{"class":83},[73,9450,9451,9453,9455,9457,9459,9461,9463,9465],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,9452,80],{"class":79},[73,9454,84],{"class":83},[73,9456,967],{"class":245},[73,9458,653],{"class":83},[73,9460,9142],{"class":245},[73,9462,9145],{"class":83},[73,9464,9148],{"class":245},[73,9466,7704],{"class":83},[20,9468,9469],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[33,9471,9472,9475,9478,9481],{},[36,9473,9474],{},"what the value really is",[36,9476,9477],{},"whether it is a string",[36,9479,9480],{},"whether it contains spaces",[36,9482,9483],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,9485,9486,9487,653],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[646,9488,1167],{"href":1166},[59,9490,2350],{"id":2349},[403,9492,9494],{"id":9493},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,9496,9497,9498,3408,9500,653],{},"It returns either ",[15,9499,430],{},[15,9501,1367],{},[403,9503,9505],{"id":9504},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,9507,2394,9508,653],{},[15,9509,1367],{},[403,9511,9513],{"id":9512},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,9515,9516,9517,653],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,9518,430],{},[403,9520,9522],{"id":9521},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,9524,9525,9526,653],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,9527,1367],{},[403,9529,9531],{"id":9530},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,9533,9534,9535,3408,9537,4252],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,9536,430],{},[15,9538,1367],{},[59,9540,2413],{"id":2412},[33,9542,9543,9548,9552,9557,9561,9565],{},[36,9544,9545],{},[646,9546,9547],{"href":6290},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[36,9549,9550],{},[646,9551,8619],{"href":8618},[36,9553,9554],{},[646,9555,9556],{"href":1171},"Python input() function explained",[36,9558,9559],{},[646,9560,8951],{"href":2834},[36,9562,9563],{},[646,9564,2444],{"href":1166},[36,9566,9567],{},[646,9568,9569],{"href":7720},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2459,9571,9572],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":9574},[9575,9576,9577,9578,9579,9580,9586,9592,9593,9601,9602,9609],{"id":4123,"depth":105,"text":4124},{"id":7657,"depth":105,"text":7658},{"id":7724,"depth":105,"text":7725},{"id":7843,"depth":105,"text":7844},{"id":8036,"depth":105,"text":8037},{"id":8268,"depth":105,"text":8269,"children":9581},[9582,9583,9584,9585],{"id":8278,"depth":122,"text":8279},{"id":8376,"depth":122,"text":8377},{"id":8461,"depth":122,"text":8462},{"id":8534,"depth":122,"text":8535},{"id":8622,"depth":105,"text":8623,"children":9587},[9588,9590],{"id":8635,"depth":122,"text":9589},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8675,"depth":122,"text":9591},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8791,"depth":105,"text":8792},{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102,"children":9594},[9595,9597,9598,9599],{"id":8961,"depth":122,"text":9596},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":9057,"depth":122,"text":9058},{"id":9181,"depth":122,"text":9182},{"id":9288,"depth":122,"text":9600},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":9380,"depth":105,"text":9381},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":9603},[9604,9605,9606,9607,9608],{"id":9493,"depth":122,"text":9494},{"id":9504,"depth":122,"text":9505},{"id":9512,"depth":122,"text":9513},{"id":9521,"depth":122,"text":9522},{"id":9530,"depth":122,"text":9531},{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7484,"description":9610},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9617,"title":9618,"body":9619,"description":11813,"extension":2511,"meta":11814,"navigation":254,"path":11815,"seo":11816,"stem":11817,"__hash__":11818},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9620,"toc":11775},[9621,9627,9633,9640,9645,9656,9663,9771,9775,9843,9848,9853,9858,9861,9872,9877,9880,9891,9898,9900,9905,9909,9934,9938,9947,9951,10014,10018,10051,10055,10100,10104,10141,10145,10148,10204,10208,10254,10257,10262,10301,10305,10328,10331,10345,10358,10362,10367,10434,10438,10474,10477,10485,10488,10552,10556,10588,10594,10596,10656,10663,10666,10744,10748,10781,10785,10788,10832,10836,10872,10875,10892,10895,10898,10951,10954,10965,10972,10981,10984,11042,11046,11087,11095,11103,11109,11117,11129,11134,11145,11218,11221,11233,11249,11253,11258,11262,11264,11307,11313,11316,11379,11383,11386,11395,11400,11437,11441,11444,11452,11455,11494,11498,11501,11552,11556,11577,11584,11586,11592,11619,11622,11677,11680,11691,11693,11700,11708,11714,11719,11726,11729,11736,11743,11745,11772],[10,9622,13,9624,18],{"id":9623},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9625,9626],{},"dict()",[20,9628,9629,9630,9632],{},"The built-in ",[15,9631,9626],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9634,9635,9636,9639],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[1194,9637,9638],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9641,9642,9644],{},[15,9643,9626],{}," is commonly used to:",[33,9646,9647,9650,9653],{},[36,9648,9649],{},"create an empty dictionary",[36,9651,9652],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[36,9654,9655],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9657,9658,9659,653],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[646,9660,9662],{"href":9661},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[64,9664,9666],{"className":66,"code":9665,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9667,9668,9702,9713,9717,9756],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9669,9670,9673,9675,9678,9680,9683,9685,9687,9689,9691,9693,9696,9698,9700],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9671,9672],{"class":216},"data ",[73,9674,221],{"class":220},[73,9676,9677],{"class":87}," dict",[73,9679,84],{"class":83},[73,9681,8177],{"class":9682},"s99_P",[73,9684,221],{"class":220},[73,9686,343],{"class":93},[73,9688,5517],{"class":97},[73,9690,343],{"class":93},[73,9692,140],{"class":83},[73,9694,9695],{"class":9682}," age",[73,9697,221],{"class":220},[73,9699,227],{"class":116},[73,9701,249],{"class":83},[73,9703,9704,9706,9708,9711],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,9705,80],{"class":79},[73,9707,84],{"class":83},[73,9709,9710],{"class":245},"data",[73,9712,249],{"class":83},[73,9714,9715],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,9716,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,9718,9719,9722,9724,9727,9729,9731,9733,9735,9737,9740,9743,9745,9747,9749,9751,9753],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,9720,9721],{"class":216},"pairs ",[73,9723,221],{"class":220},[73,9725,9726],{"class":83}," [(",[73,9728,343],{"class":93},[73,9730,646],{"class":97},[73,9732,343],{"class":93},[73,9734,140],{"class":83},[73,9736,2085],{"class":116},[73,9738,9739],{"class":83},"),",[73,9741,9742],{"class":83}," (",[73,9744,343],{"class":93},[73,9746,5274],{"class":97},[73,9748,343],{"class":93},[73,9750,140],{"class":83},[73,9752,143],{"class":116},[73,9754,9755],{"class":83},")]\n",[73,9757,9758,9760,9762,9764,9766,9769],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,9759,80],{"class":79},[73,9761,84],{"class":83},[73,9763,9330],{"class":87},[73,9765,84],{"class":83},[73,9767,9768],{"class":245},"pairs",[73,9770,102],{"class":83},[20,9772,9773],{},[1194,9774,148],{},[64,9776,9778],{"className":66,"code":9777,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9779,9780,9815],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9781,9782,9784,9786,9788,9790,9792,9794,9796,9798,9800,9802,9805,9807,9809,9812],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9783,999],{"class":83},[73,9785,343],{"class":93},[73,9787,8177],{"class":97},[73,9789,343],{"class":93},[73,9791,1063],{"class":83},[73,9793,337],{"class":93},[73,9795,5517],{"class":97},[73,9797,343],{"class":93},[73,9799,140],{"class":83},[73,9801,337],{"class":93},[73,9803,9804],{"class":97},"age",[73,9806,343],{"class":93},[73,9808,1063],{"class":83},[73,9810,9811],{"class":116}," 25",[73,9813,9814],{"class":83},"}\n",[73,9816,9817,9819,9821,9823,9825,9827,9829,9831,9833,9835,9837,9839,9841],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,9818,999],{"class":83},[73,9820,343],{"class":93},[73,9822,646],{"class":97},[73,9824,343],{"class":93},[73,9826,1063],{"class":83},[73,9828,2085],{"class":116},[73,9830,140],{"class":83},[73,9832,337],{"class":93},[73,9834,5274],{"class":97},[73,9836,343],{"class":93},[73,9838,1063],{"class":83},[73,9840,143],{"class":116},[73,9842,9814],{"class":83},[20,9844,171,9845,9847],{},[15,9846,9626],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[59,9849,178,9851,181],{"id":9850},"what-dict-does",[15,9852,9626],{},[20,9854,9855,9857],{},[15,9856,9626],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9859,9860],{},"A dictionary:",[33,9862,9863,9866,9869],{},[36,9864,9865],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[36,9867,9868],{},"lets you look up values by key",[36,9870,9871],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9873,9874,9876],{},[15,9875,9626],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9878,9879],{},"Common uses include:",[33,9881,9882,9885,9888],{},[36,9883,9884],{},"making an empty dictionary",[36,9886,9887],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[36,9889,9890],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9892,9893,9894,653],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[646,9895,9897],{"href":9896},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[59,9899,370],{"id":369},[20,9901,9902,9904],{},[15,9903,9626],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[403,9906,9908],{"id":9907},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[64,9910,9912],{"className":66,"code":9911,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9913,9914,9924],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9915,9916,9918,9920,9922],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9917,9672],{"class":216},[73,9919,221],{"class":220},[73,9921,9677],{"class":87},[73,9923,9151],{"class":83},[73,9925,9926,9928,9930,9932],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,9927,80],{"class":79},[73,9929,84],{"class":83},[73,9931,9710],{"class":245},[73,9933,249],{"class":83},[20,9935,9936],{},[1194,9937,148],{},[64,9939,9941],{"className":66,"code":9940,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{}\n",[15,9942,9943],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9944,9945],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9946,9940],{"class":83},[403,9948,9950],{"id":9949},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[64,9952,9954],{"className":66,"code":9953,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9955,9956,9990,10004],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,9957,9958,9960,9962,9964,9966,9968,9970,9972,9974,9976,9978,9980,9982,9984,9986,9988],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,9959,9721],{"class":216},[73,9961,221],{"class":220},[73,9963,9726],{"class":83},[73,9965,343],{"class":93},[73,9967,646],{"class":97},[73,9969,343],{"class":93},[73,9971,140],{"class":83},[73,9973,2085],{"class":116},[73,9975,9739],{"class":83},[73,9977,9742],{"class":83},[73,9979,343],{"class":93},[73,9981,5274],{"class":97},[73,9983,343],{"class":93},[73,9985,140],{"class":83},[73,9987,143],{"class":116},[73,9989,9755],{"class":83},[73,9991,9992,9994,9996,9998,10000,10002],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,9993,9672],{"class":216},[73,9995,221],{"class":220},[73,9997,9677],{"class":87},[73,9999,84],{"class":83},[73,10001,9768],{"class":245},[73,10003,249],{"class":83},[73,10005,10006,10008,10010,10012],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,10007,80],{"class":79},[73,10009,84],{"class":83},[73,10011,9710],{"class":245},[73,10013,249],{"class":83},[20,10015,10016],{},[1194,10017,148],{},[64,10019,10021],{"className":66,"code":10020,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10022,10023],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,10024,10025,10027,10029,10031,10033,10035,10037,10039,10041,10043,10045,10047,10049],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,10026,999],{"class":83},[73,10028,343],{"class":93},[73,10030,646],{"class":97},[73,10032,343],{"class":93},[73,10034,1063],{"class":83},[73,10036,2085],{"class":116},[73,10038,140],{"class":83},[73,10040,337],{"class":93},[73,10042,5274],{"class":97},[73,10044,343],{"class":93},[73,10046,1063],{"class":83},[73,10048,143],{"class":116},[73,10050,9814],{"class":83},[403,10052,10054],{"id":10053},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[64,10056,10058],{"className":66,"code":10057,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10059,10060,10090],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,10061,10062,10064,10066,10068,10070,10072,10074,10076,10078,10080,10082,10084,10086,10088],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,10063,9672],{"class":216},[73,10065,221],{"class":220},[73,10067,9677],{"class":87},[73,10069,84],{"class":83},[73,10071,8177],{"class":9682},[73,10073,221],{"class":220},[73,10075,343],{"class":93},[73,10077,5517],{"class":97},[73,10079,343],{"class":93},[73,10081,140],{"class":83},[73,10083,9695],{"class":9682},[73,10085,221],{"class":220},[73,10087,227],{"class":116},[73,10089,249],{"class":83},[73,10091,10092,10094,10096,10098],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,10093,80],{"class":79},[73,10095,84],{"class":83},[73,10097,9710],{"class":245},[73,10099,249],{"class":83},[20,10101,10102],{},[1194,10103,148],{},[64,10105,10107],{"className":66,"code":10106,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,10108,10109],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,10110,10111,10113,10115,10117,10119,10121,10123,10125,10127,10129,10131,10133,10135,10137,10139],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,10112,999],{"class":83},[73,10114,343],{"class":93},[73,10116,8177],{"class":97},[73,10118,343],{"class":93},[73,10120,1063],{"class":83},[73,10122,337],{"class":93},[73,10124,5517],{"class":97},[73,10126,343],{"class":93},[73,10128,140],{"class":83},[73,10130,337],{"class":93},[73,10132,9804],{"class":97},[73,10134,343],{"class":93},[73,10136,1063],{"class":83},[73,10138,9811],{"class":116},[73,10140,9814],{"class":83},[403,10142,10144],{"id":10143},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,10146,10147],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[64,10149,10151],{"className":66,"code":10150,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10152,10153,10194],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,10154,10155,10157,10159,10161,10164,10166,10168,10170,10172,10174,10177,10179,10181,10183,10185,10188,10190,10192],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,10156,9672],{"class":216},[73,10158,221],{"class":220},[73,10160,9677],{"class":87},[73,10162,10163],{"class":83},"([(",[73,10165,343],{"class":93},[73,10167,646],{"class":97},[73,10169,343],{"class":93},[73,10171,140],{"class":83},[73,10173,2085],{"class":116},[73,10175,10176],{"class":83},")],",[73,10178,3091],{"class":9682},[73,10180,221],{"class":220},[73,10182,530],{"class":116},[73,10184,140],{"class":83},[73,10186,10187],{"class":9682}," c",[73,10189,221],{"class":220},[73,10191,1304],{"class":116},[73,10193,249],{"class":83},[73,10195,10196,10198,10200,10202],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,10197,80],{"class":79},[73,10199,84],{"class":83},[73,10201,9710],{"class":245},[73,10203,249],{"class":83},[20,10205,10206],{},[1194,10207,148],{},[64,10209,10211],{"className":66,"code":10210,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,10212,10213],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,10214,10215,10217,10219,10221,10223,10225,10227,10229,10231,10233,10235,10237,10239,10241,10243,10246,10248,10250,10252],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,10216,999],{"class":83},[73,10218,343],{"class":93},[73,10220,646],{"class":97},[73,10222,343],{"class":93},[73,10224,1063],{"class":83},[73,10226,2085],{"class":116},[73,10228,140],{"class":83},[73,10230,337],{"class":93},[73,10232,5274],{"class":97},[73,10234,343],{"class":93},[73,10236,1063],{"class":83},[73,10238,143],{"class":116},[73,10240,140],{"class":83},[73,10242,337],{"class":93},[73,10244,10245],{"class":97},"c",[73,10247,343],{"class":93},[73,10249,1063],{"class":83},[73,10251,2982],{"class":116},[73,10253,9814],{"class":83},[59,10255,9908],{"id":10256},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,10258,171,10259,10261],{},[15,10260,9626],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[64,10263,10265],{"className":66,"code":10264,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,10266,10267,10277,10291],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,10268,10269,10271,10273,10275],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,10270,9672],{"class":216},[73,10272,221],{"class":220},[73,10274,9677],{"class":87},[73,10276,9151],{"class":83},[73,10278,10279,10281,10283,10285,10287,10289],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,10280,80],{"class":79},[73,10282,84],{"class":83},[73,10284,288],{"class":87},[73,10286,84],{"class":83},[73,10288,9710],{"class":245},[73,10290,102],{"class":83},[73,10292,10293,10295,10297,10299],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,10294,80],{"class":79},[73,10296,84],{"class":83},[73,10298,9710],{"class":245},[73,10300,249],{"class":83},[20,10302,10303],{},[1194,10304,148],{},[64,10306,10308],{"className":66,"code":10307,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,10309,10310,10324],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,10311,10312,10314,10316,10318,10320,10322],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,10313,330],{"class":220},[73,10315,334],{"class":333},[73,10317,337],{"class":93},[73,10319,9330],{"class":97},[73,10321,343],{"class":93},[73,10323,346],{"class":220},[73,10325,10326],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,10327,9940],{"class":83},[20,10329,10330],{},"This gives the same result as:",[64,10332,10334],{"className":66,"code":10333,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {}\n",[15,10335,10336],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,10337,10338,10340,10342],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,10339,9672],{"class":216},[73,10341,221],{"class":220},[73,10343,10344],{"class":83}," {}\n",[20,10346,10347,10348,10350,10351,10354,10355,10357],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,10349,4305],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[10352,10353],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,10356,9626],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[59,10359,10361],{"id":10360},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,10363,10364,10365,653],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,10366,9626],{},[64,10368,10370],{"className":66,"code":10369,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10371,10372,10410,10424],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,10373,10374,10376,10378,10380,10382,10384,10386,10388,10390,10392,10394,10396,10398,10400,10402,10404,10406,10408],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,10375,9721],{"class":216},[73,10377,221],{"class":220},[73,10379,9726],{"class":83},[73,10381,343],{"class":93},[73,10383,8177],{"class":97},[73,10385,343],{"class":93},[73,10387,140],{"class":83},[73,10389,337],{"class":93},[73,10391,5517],{"class":97},[73,10393,343],{"class":93},[73,10395,9739],{"class":83},[73,10397,9742],{"class":83},[73,10399,343],{"class":93},[73,10401,9804],{"class":97},[73,10403,343],{"class":93},[73,10405,140],{"class":83},[73,10407,9811],{"class":116},[73,10409,9755],{"class":83},[73,10411,10412,10414,10416,10418,10420,10422],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,10413,9672],{"class":216},[73,10415,221],{"class":220},[73,10417,9677],{"class":87},[73,10419,84],{"class":83},[73,10421,9768],{"class":245},[73,10423,249],{"class":83},[73,10425,10426,10428,10430,10432],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,10427,80],{"class":79},[73,10429,84],{"class":83},[73,10431,9710],{"class":245},[73,10433,249],{"class":83},[20,10435,10436],{},[1194,10437,148],{},[64,10439,10440],{"className":66,"code":10106,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,10441,10442],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,10443,10444,10446,10448,10450,10452,10454,10456,10458,10460,10462,10464,10466,10468,10470,10472],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,10445,999],{"class":83},[73,10447,343],{"class":93},[73,10449,8177],{"class":97},[73,10451,343],{"class":93},[73,10453,1063],{"class":83},[73,10455,337],{"class":93},[73,10457,5517],{"class":97},[73,10459,343],{"class":93},[73,10461,140],{"class":83},[73,10463,337],{"class":93},[73,10465,9804],{"class":97},[73,10467,343],{"class":93},[73,10469,1063],{"class":83},[73,10471,9811],{"class":116},[73,10473,9814],{"class":83},[20,10475,10476],{},"Each pair becomes:",[33,10478,10479,10482],{},[36,10480,10481],{},"the first item as the key",[36,10483,10484],{},"the second item as the value",[20,10486,10487],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[64,10489,10491],{"className":66,"code":10490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10492,10493,10528,10542],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,10494,10495,10497,10499,10502,10504,10506,10508,10510,10512,10514,10516,10518,10520,10522,10524,10526],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,10496,9721],{"class":216},[73,10498,221],{"class":220},[73,10500,10501],{"class":83}," ((",[73,10503,343],{"class":93},[73,10505,646],{"class":97},[73,10507,343],{"class":93},[73,10509,140],{"class":83},[73,10511,2085],{"class":116},[73,10513,9739],{"class":83},[73,10515,9742],{"class":83},[73,10517,343],{"class":93},[73,10519,5274],{"class":97},[73,10521,343],{"class":93},[73,10523,140],{"class":83},[73,10525,143],{"class":116},[73,10527,102],{"class":83},[73,10529,10530,10532,10534,10536,10538,10540],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,10531,9672],{"class":216},[73,10533,221],{"class":220},[73,10535,9677],{"class":87},[73,10537,84],{"class":83},[73,10539,9768],{"class":245},[73,10541,249],{"class":83},[73,10543,10544,10546,10548,10550],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,10545,80],{"class":79},[73,10547,84],{"class":83},[73,10549,9710],{"class":245},[73,10551,249],{"class":83},[20,10553,10554],{},[1194,10555,148],{},[64,10557,10558],{"className":66,"code":10020,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,10559,10560],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,10561,10562,10564,10566,10568,10570,10572,10574,10576,10578,10580,10582,10584,10586],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,10563,999],{"class":83},[73,10565,343],{"class":93},[73,10567,646],{"class":97},[73,10569,343],{"class":93},[73,10571,1063],{"class":83},[73,10573,2085],{"class":116},[73,10575,140],{"class":83},[73,10577,337],{"class":93},[73,10579,5274],{"class":97},[73,10581,343],{"class":93},[73,10583,1063],{"class":83},[73,10585,143],{"class":116},[73,10587,9814],{"class":83},[20,10589,10590,10591,653],{},"Each item must contain ",[1194,10592,10593],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10595,3367],{},[64,10597,10599],{"className":66,"code":10598,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10600,10601,10641],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,10602,10603,10606,10608,10610,10612,10614,10616,10618,10620,10622,10625,10627,10629,10631,10633,10635,10637,10639],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,10604,10605],{"class":216},"bad_data ",[73,10607,221],{"class":220},[73,10609,9726],{"class":83},[73,10611,343],{"class":93},[73,10613,646],{"class":97},[73,10615,343],{"class":93},[73,10617,140],{"class":83},[73,10619,2085],{"class":116},[73,10621,140],{"class":83},[73,10623,10624],{"class":116}," 100",[73,10626,9739],{"class":83},[73,10628,9742],{"class":83},[73,10630,343],{"class":93},[73,10632,5274],{"class":97},[73,10634,343],{"class":93},[73,10636,140],{"class":83},[73,10638,143],{"class":116},[73,10640,9755],{"class":83},[73,10642,10643,10645,10647,10649,10651,10654],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,10644,2766],{"class":216},[73,10646,221],{"class":220},[73,10648,9677],{"class":87},[73,10650,84],{"class":83},[73,10652,10653],{"class":245},"bad_data",[73,10655,249],{"class":83},[20,10657,10658,10659,10662],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10660,10661],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10664,10665],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[64,10667,10669],{"className":66,"code":10668,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10670,10671,10720,10734],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,10672,10673,10675,10677,10679,10681,10683,10685,10687,10689,10691,10693,10695,10697,10699,10701,10704,10706,10708,10710,10712,10714,10716,10718],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,10674,9721],{"class":216},[73,10676,221],{"class":220},[73,10678,9726],{"class":83},[73,10680,343],{"class":93},[73,10682,646],{"class":97},[73,10684,343],{"class":93},[73,10686,140],{"class":83},[73,10688,2085],{"class":116},[73,10690,9739],{"class":83},[73,10692,9742],{"class":83},[73,10694,343],{"class":93},[73,10696,646],{"class":97},[73,10698,343],{"class":93},[73,10700,140],{"class":83},[73,10702,10703],{"class":116}," 99",[73,10705,9739],{"class":83},[73,10707,9742],{"class":83},[73,10709,343],{"class":93},[73,10711,5274],{"class":97},[73,10713,343],{"class":93},[73,10715,140],{"class":83},[73,10717,143],{"class":116},[73,10719,9755],{"class":83},[73,10721,10722,10724,10726,10728,10730,10732],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,10723,9672],{"class":216},[73,10725,221],{"class":220},[73,10727,9677],{"class":87},[73,10729,84],{"class":83},[73,10731,9768],{"class":245},[73,10733,249],{"class":83},[73,10735,10736,10738,10740,10742],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,10737,80],{"class":79},[73,10739,84],{"class":83},[73,10741,9710],{"class":245},[73,10743,249],{"class":83},[20,10745,10746],{},[1194,10747,148],{},[64,10749,10751],{"className":66,"code":10750,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10752,10753],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,10754,10755,10757,10759,10761,10763,10765,10767,10769,10771,10773,10775,10777,10779],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,10756,999],{"class":83},[73,10758,343],{"class":93},[73,10760,646],{"class":97},[73,10762,343],{"class":93},[73,10764,1063],{"class":83},[73,10766,10703],{"class":116},[73,10768,140],{"class":83},[73,10770,337],{"class":93},[73,10772,5274],{"class":97},[73,10774,343],{"class":93},[73,10776,1063],{"class":83},[73,10778,143],{"class":116},[73,10780,9814],{"class":83},[59,10782,10784],{"id":10783},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10786,10787],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[64,10789,10790],{"className":66,"code":10057,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,10791,10792,10822],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,10793,10794,10796,10798,10800,10802,10804,10806,10808,10810,10812,10814,10816,10818,10820],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,10795,9672],{"class":216},[73,10797,221],{"class":220},[73,10799,9677],{"class":87},[73,10801,84],{"class":83},[73,10803,8177],{"class":9682},[73,10805,221],{"class":220},[73,10807,343],{"class":93},[73,10809,5517],{"class":97},[73,10811,343],{"class":93},[73,10813,140],{"class":83},[73,10815,9695],{"class":9682},[73,10817,221],{"class":220},[73,10819,227],{"class":116},[73,10821,249],{"class":83},[73,10823,10824,10826,10828,10830],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,10825,80],{"class":79},[73,10827,84],{"class":83},[73,10829,9710],{"class":245},[73,10831,249],{"class":83},[20,10833,10834],{},[1194,10835,148],{},[64,10837,10838],{"className":66,"code":10106,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,10839,10840],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,10841,10842,10844,10846,10848,10850,10852,10854,10856,10858,10860,10862,10864,10866,10868,10870],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,10843,999],{"class":83},[73,10845,343],{"class":93},[73,10847,8177],{"class":97},[73,10849,343],{"class":93},[73,10851,1063],{"class":83},[73,10853,337],{"class":93},[73,10855,5517],{"class":97},[73,10857,343],{"class":93},[73,10859,140],{"class":83},[73,10861,337],{"class":93},[73,10863,9804],{"class":97},[73,10865,343],{"class":93},[73,10867,1063],{"class":83},[73,10869,9811],{"class":116},[73,10871,9814],{"class":83},[20,10873,10874],{},"In this form:",[33,10876,10877,10885],{},[36,10878,10879,10881,10882],{},[15,10880,8177],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10883,10884],{},"'name'",[36,10886,10887,10881,10889],{},[15,10888,9804],{},[15,10890,10891],{},"'age'",[20,10893,10894],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10896,10897],{},"Valid examples:",[64,10899,10901],{"className":66,"code":10900,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10902,10903,10941],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,10904,10905,10907,10909,10911,10913,10916,10918,10920,10923,10925,10927,10930,10932,10934,10937,10939],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,10906,9672],{"class":216},[73,10908,221],{"class":220},[73,10910,9677],{"class":87},[73,10912,84],{"class":83},[73,10914,10915],{"class":9682},"city",[73,10917,221],{"class":220},[73,10919,343],{"class":93},[73,10921,10922],{"class":97},"Paris",[73,10924,343],{"class":93},[73,10926,140],{"class":83},[73,10928,10929],{"class":9682}," country",[73,10931,221],{"class":220},[73,10933,343],{"class":93},[73,10935,10936],{"class":97},"France",[73,10938,343],{"class":93},[73,10940,249],{"class":83},[73,10942,10943,10945,10947,10949],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,10944,80],{"class":79},[73,10946,84],{"class":83},[73,10948,9710],{"class":245},[73,10950,249],{"class":83},[20,10952,10953],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[33,10955,10956,10959,10962],{},[36,10957,10958],{},"spaces",[36,10960,10961],{},"hyphens",[36,10963,10964],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10966,10967,10968,10971],{},"For example, this is ",[1194,10969,10970],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[64,10973,10975],{"className":66,"code":10974,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10976,10977],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,10978,10979],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,10980,10974],{"class":769},[20,10982,10983],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[64,10985,10987],{"className":66,"code":10986,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10988,10989,11032],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,10990,10991,10993,10995,10998,11000,11003,11005,11007,11009,11011,11013,11015,11017,11020,11022,11024,11026,11028,11030],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,10992,9672],{"class":216},[73,10994,221],{"class":220},[73,10996,10997],{"class":83}," {",[73,10999,343],{"class":93},[73,11001,11002],{"class":97},"first-name",[73,11004,343],{"class":93},[73,11006,1063],{"class":83},[73,11008,337],{"class":93},[73,11010,8186],{"class":97},[73,11012,343],{"class":93},[73,11014,140],{"class":83},[73,11016,337],{"class":93},[73,11018,11019],{"class":97},"first name",[73,11021,343],{"class":93},[73,11023,1063],{"class":83},[73,11025,337],{"class":93},[73,11027,8186],{"class":97},[73,11029,343],{"class":93},[73,11031,9814],{"class":83},[73,11033,11034,11036,11038,11040],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,11035,80],{"class":79},[73,11037,84],{"class":83},[73,11039,9710],{"class":245},[73,11041,249],{"class":83},[20,11043,11044],{},[1194,11045,148],{},[64,11047,11049],{"className":66,"code":11048,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,11050,11051],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,11052,11053,11055,11057,11059,11061,11063,11065,11067,11069,11071,11073,11075,11077,11079,11081,11083,11085],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,11054,999],{"class":83},[73,11056,343],{"class":93},[73,11058,11002],{"class":97},[73,11060,343],{"class":93},[73,11062,1063],{"class":83},[73,11064,337],{"class":93},[73,11066,8186],{"class":97},[73,11068,343],{"class":93},[73,11070,140],{"class":83},[73,11072,337],{"class":93},[73,11074,11019],{"class":97},[73,11076,343],{"class":93},[73,11078,1063],{"class":83},[73,11080,337],{"class":93},[73,11082,8186],{"class":97},[73,11084,343],{"class":93},[73,11086,9814],{"class":83},[59,11088,11090,11092,11093],{"id":11089},"dict-vs",[15,11091,9626],{}," vs ",[15,11094,4305],{},[20,11096,11097,11098,1647,11100,11102],{},"Both ",[15,11099,9626],{},[15,11101,4305],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[403,11104,171,11106,11108],{"id":11105},"use-when",[15,11107,4305],{}," when:",[33,11110,11111,11114],{},[36,11112,11113],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[36,11115,11116],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[64,11118,11119],{"className":66,"code":10333,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,11120,11121],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,11122,11123,11125,11127],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,11124,9672],{"class":216},[73,11126,221],{"class":220},[73,11128,10344],{"class":83},[403,11130,171,11132,11108],{"id":11131},"use-dict-when",[15,11133,9626],{},[33,11135,11136,11139,11142],{},[36,11137,11138],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[36,11140,11141],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[36,11143,11144],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[64,11146,11148],{"className":66,"code":11147,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,11149,11150,11187],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,11151,11152,11154,11156,11158,11160,11162,11164,11166,11168,11170,11172,11174,11176,11178,11180,11182,11184],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,11153,9672],{"class":216},[73,11155,221],{"class":220},[73,11157,9677],{"class":87},[73,11159,10163],{"class":83},[73,11161,343],{"class":93},[73,11163,646],{"class":97},[73,11165,343],{"class":93},[73,11167,140],{"class":83},[73,11169,2085],{"class":116},[73,11171,9739],{"class":83},[73,11173,9742],{"class":83},[73,11175,343],{"class":93},[73,11177,5274],{"class":97},[73,11179,343],{"class":93},[73,11181,140],{"class":83},[73,11183,143],{"class":116},[73,11185,11186],{"class":83},")])\n",[73,11188,11189,11192,11194,11196,11198,11200,11202,11204,11206,11208,11210,11212,11214,11216],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,11190,11191],{"class":216},"info ",[73,11193,221],{"class":220},[73,11195,9677],{"class":87},[73,11197,84],{"class":83},[73,11199,8177],{"class":9682},[73,11201,221],{"class":220},[73,11203,343],{"class":93},[73,11205,5517],{"class":97},[73,11207,343],{"class":93},[73,11209,140],{"class":83},[73,11211,9695],{"class":9682},[73,11213,221],{"class":220},[73,11215,227],{"class":116},[73,11217,249],{"class":83},[20,11219,11220],{},"So:",[33,11222,11223,11228],{},[36,11224,11225,11227],{},[15,11226,4305],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[36,11229,11230,11232],{},[15,11231,9626],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,11234,11235,11236,11240,11241,653],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[646,11237,11239],{"href":11238},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[646,11242,11244,11245,11248],{"href":11243},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,11246,11247],{},"get()"," method",[59,11250,11252],{"id":11251},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,11254,11255,11256,653],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,11257,9626],{},[403,11259,11261],{"id":11260},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,11263,5038],{},[64,11265,11267],{"className":66,"code":11266,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,11268,11269,11293],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,11270,11271,11273,11275,11277,11279,11281,11283,11285,11287,11289,11291],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,11272,8289],{"class":216},[73,11274,221],{"class":220},[73,11276,891],{"class":83},[73,11278,343],{"class":93},[73,11280,646],{"class":97},[73,11282,343],{"class":93},[73,11284,140],{"class":83},[73,11286,337],{"class":93},[73,11288,5274],{"class":97},[73,11290,343],{"class":93},[73,11292,924],{"class":83},[73,11294,11295,11297,11299,11301,11303,11305],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,11296,9672],{"class":216},[73,11298,221],{"class":220},[73,11300,9677],{"class":87},[73,11302,84],{"class":83},[73,11304,8320],{"class":245},[73,11306,249],{"class":83},[20,11308,11309,11310,653],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,11311,11312],{},"('a', 1)",[20,11314,11315],{},"Correct version:",[64,11317,11319],{"className":66,"code":11318,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,11320,11321,11355,11369],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,11322,11323,11325,11327,11329,11331,11333,11335,11337,11339,11341,11343,11345,11347,11349,11351,11353],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,11324,8289],{"class":216},[73,11326,221],{"class":220},[73,11328,9726],{"class":83},[73,11330,343],{"class":93},[73,11332,646],{"class":97},[73,11334,343],{"class":93},[73,11336,140],{"class":83},[73,11338,2085],{"class":116},[73,11340,9739],{"class":83},[73,11342,9742],{"class":83},[73,11344,343],{"class":93},[73,11346,5274],{"class":97},[73,11348,343],{"class":93},[73,11350,140],{"class":83},[73,11352,143],{"class":116},[73,11354,9755],{"class":83},[73,11356,11357,11359,11361,11363,11365,11367],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,11358,9672],{"class":216},[73,11360,221],{"class":220},[73,11362,9677],{"class":87},[73,11364,84],{"class":83},[73,11366,8320],{"class":245},[73,11368,249],{"class":83},[73,11370,11371,11373,11375,11377],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,11372,80],{"class":79},[73,11374,84],{"class":83},[73,11376,9710],{"class":245},[73,11378,249],{"class":83},[403,11380,11382],{"id":11381},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,11384,11385],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[64,11387,11389],{"className":66,"code":11388,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,11390,11391],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,11392,11393],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,11394,11388],{"class":769},[20,11396,11397,11398,1063],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,11399,221],{},[64,11401,11403],{"className":66,"code":11402,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,11404,11405,11427],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,11406,11407,11409,11411,11413,11415,11417,11419,11421,11423,11425],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,11408,9672],{"class":216},[73,11410,221],{"class":220},[73,11412,9677],{"class":87},[73,11414,84],{"class":83},[73,11416,8177],{"class":9682},[73,11418,221],{"class":220},[73,11420,343],{"class":93},[73,11422,5517],{"class":97},[73,11424,343],{"class":93},[73,11426,249],{"class":83},[73,11428,11429,11431,11433,11435],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,11430,80],{"class":79},[73,11432,84],{"class":83},[73,11434,9710],{"class":245},[73,11436,249],{"class":83},[403,11438,11440],{"id":11439},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,11442,11443],{},"This will not work:",[64,11445,11446],{"className":66,"code":10974,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,11447,11448],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,11449,11450],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,11451,10974],{"class":769},[20,11453,11454],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[64,11456,11458],{"className":66,"code":11457,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11459,11460,11484],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,11461,11462,11464,11466,11468,11470,11472,11474,11476,11478,11480,11482],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,11463,9672],{"class":216},[73,11465,221],{"class":220},[73,11467,10997],{"class":83},[73,11469,343],{"class":93},[73,11471,11002],{"class":97},[73,11473,343],{"class":93},[73,11475,1063],{"class":83},[73,11477,337],{"class":93},[73,11479,8186],{"class":97},[73,11481,343],{"class":93},[73,11483,9814],{"class":83},[73,11485,11486,11488,11490,11492],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,11487,80],{"class":79},[73,11489,84],{"class":83},[73,11491,9710],{"class":245},[73,11493,249],{"class":83},[403,11495,11497],{"id":11496},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,11499,11500],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[64,11502,11504],{"className":66,"code":11503,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,11505,11506,11542],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,11507,11508,11510,11512,11514,11516,11518,11520,11522,11524,11526,11528,11530,11532,11534,11536,11538,11540],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,11509,9672],{"class":216},[73,11511,221],{"class":220},[73,11513,9677],{"class":87},[73,11515,10163],{"class":83},[73,11517,343],{"class":93},[73,11519,384],{"class":97},[73,11521,343],{"class":93},[73,11523,140],{"class":83},[73,11525,2085],{"class":116},[73,11527,9739],{"class":83},[73,11529,9742],{"class":83},[73,11531,343],{"class":93},[73,11533,384],{"class":97},[73,11535,343],{"class":93},[73,11537,140],{"class":83},[73,11539,143],{"class":116},[73,11541,11186],{"class":83},[73,11543,11544,11546,11548,11550],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,11545,80],{"class":79},[73,11547,84],{"class":83},[73,11549,9710],{"class":245},[73,11551,249],{"class":83},[20,11553,11554],{},[1194,11555,148],{},[64,11557,11559],{"className":66,"code":11558,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,11560,11561],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,11562,11563,11565,11567,11569,11571,11573,11575],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,11564,999],{"class":83},[73,11566,343],{"class":93},[73,11568,384],{"class":97},[73,11570,343],{"class":93},[73,11572,1063],{"class":83},[73,11574,143],{"class":116},[73,11576,9814],{"class":83},[20,11578,11579,11580,653],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[646,11581,11583],{"href":11582},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[59,11585,2102],{"id":2101},[20,11587,11588,11589,11591],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11590,9626],{}," include:",[33,11593,11594,11604,11610,11613],{},[36,11595,11596,11597,11600,11601],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11598,11599],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,11602,11603],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[36,11605,11606,11607],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11608,11609],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[36,11611,11612],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[36,11614,11615,11616,11618],{},"confusing ",[15,11617,9626],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11620,11621],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[64,11623,11625],{"className":66,"code":11624,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11626,11627,11641,11651,11662],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,11628,11629,11631,11633,11635,11637,11639],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,11630,80],{"class":79},[73,11632,84],{"class":83},[73,11634,288],{"class":87},[73,11636,84],{"class":83},[73,11638,9710],{"class":245},[73,11640,102],{"class":83},[73,11642,11643,11645,11647,11649],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,11644,80],{"class":79},[73,11646,84],{"class":83},[73,11648,9710],{"class":245},[73,11650,249],{"class":83},[73,11652,11653,11655,11657,11660],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,11654,80],{"class":79},[73,11656,84],{"class":83},[73,11658,11659],{"class":245},"list_of_pairs",[73,11661,249],{"class":83},[73,11663,11664,11666,11668,11671,11673,11675],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,11665,80],{"class":79},[73,11667,84],{"class":83},[73,11669,11670],{"class":79},"len",[73,11672,84],{"class":83},[73,11674,11659],{"class":245},[73,11676,102],{"class":83},[20,11678,11679],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[33,11681,11682,11685,11688],{},[36,11683,11684],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[36,11686,11687],{},"what data is being passed in",[36,11689,11690],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[59,11692,2350],{"id":2349},[403,11694,5691,11696,1647,11698,3023],{"id":11695},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11697,9626],{},[15,11699,4305],{},[20,11701,11702,11704,11705,11707],{},[15,11703,4305],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11706,9626],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[403,11709,5681,11711,11713],{"id":11710},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11712,9626],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11715,11716,11717,653],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11718,11603],{},[403,11720,2367,11722,11725],{"id":11721},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11723,11724],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11727,11728],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[403,11730,11732,11733,11735],{"id":11731},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11734,9626],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11737,11738,11739,11742],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11740,11741],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[59,11744,2413],{"id":2412},[33,11746,11747,11752,11756,11761,11767],{},[36,11748,11749],{},[646,11750,11751],{"href":9896},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[36,11753,11754],{},[646,11755,9662],{"href":9661},[36,11757,11758],{},[646,11759,11760],{"href":11238},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[36,11762,11763],{},[646,11764,11244,11765,11248],{"href":11243},[15,11766,11247],{},[36,11768,11769],{},[646,11770,11771],{"href":11582},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2459,11773,11774],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":11776},[11777,11779,11785,11786,11787,11788,11795,11801,11802,11812],{"id":9850,"depth":105,"text":11778},"What dict() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370,"children":11780},[11781,11782,11783,11784],{"id":9907,"depth":122,"text":9908},{"id":9949,"depth":122,"text":9950},{"id":10053,"depth":122,"text":10054},{"id":10143,"depth":122,"text":10144},{"id":10256,"depth":105,"text":9908},{"id":10360,"depth":105,"text":10361},{"id":10783,"depth":105,"text":10784},{"id":11089,"depth":105,"text":11789,"children":11790},"dict() vs {}",[11791,11793],{"id":11105,"depth":122,"text":11792},"Use {} when:",{"id":11131,"depth":122,"text":11794},"Use dict() when:",{"id":11251,"depth":105,"text":11252,"children":11796},[11797,11798,11799,11800],{"id":11260,"depth":122,"text":11261},{"id":11381,"depth":122,"text":11382},{"id":11439,"depth":122,"text":11440},{"id":11496,"depth":122,"text":11497},{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":11803},[11804,11806,11808,11810],{"id":11695,"depth":122,"text":11805},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11710,"depth":122,"text":11807},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11721,"depth":122,"text":11809},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11731,"depth":122,"text":11811},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9618,"description":11813},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11820,"title":11821,"body":11822,"description":13332,"extension":2511,"meta":13333,"navigation":254,"path":13334,"seo":13335,"stem":13336,"__hash__":13337},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11823,"toc":13301},[11824,11832,11838,11845,11847,11908,11913,11918,11923,11941,11944,11948,11950,11966,11969,11982,11986,11989,12123,12125,12192,12195,12211,12217,12223,12226,12308,12310,12324,12328,12334,12399,12401,12409,12412,12435,12441,12504,12510,12513,12527,12540,12544,12555,12560,12571,12578,12582,12588,12710,12712,12738,12741,12758,12761,12872,12874,12923,12925,12938,12947,12952,12957,12968,12970,13073,13096,13098,13102,13121,13124,13182,13185,13211,13213,13219,13222,13227,13231,13238,13246,13252,13255,13257,13298],[10,11825,11827,11828,11831],{"id":11826},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11829,11830],{},"clear()"," Method",[20,11833,11834,11837],{},[15,11835,11836],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11839,11840,11841,11844],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[1194,11842,11843],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[59,11846,62],{"id":61},[64,11848,11850],{"className":66,"code":11849,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11851,11852,11884,11895],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,11853,11854,11856,11858,11860,11862,11864,11866,11868,11870,11872,11874,11876,11878,11880,11882],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,11855,9672],{"class":216},[73,11857,221],{"class":220},[73,11859,10997],{"class":83},[73,11861,94],{"class":93},[73,11863,646],{"class":97},[73,11865,94],{"class":93},[73,11867,1063],{"class":83},[73,11869,2085],{"class":116},[73,11871,140],{"class":83},[73,11873,224],{"class":93},[73,11875,5274],{"class":97},[73,11877,94],{"class":93},[73,11879,1063],{"class":83},[73,11881,143],{"class":116},[73,11883,9814],{"class":83},[73,11885,11886,11888,11890,11893],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,11887,9710],{"class":216},[73,11889,653],{"class":83},[73,11891,11892],{"class":245},"clear",[73,11894,9151],{"class":83},[73,11896,11897,11899,11901,11903,11905],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,11898,80],{"class":79},[73,11900,84],{"class":83},[73,11902,9710],{"class":245},[73,11904,4177],{"class":83},[73,11906,11907],{"class":769},"  # {}\n",[20,11909,11910,11912],{},[15,11911,11830],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[59,11914,178,11916,181],{"id":11915},"what-clear-does",[15,11917,11830],{},[20,11919,1580,11920,11922],{},[15,11921,11830],{}," method:",[33,11924,11925,11928,11931,11936],{},[36,11926,11927],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[36,11929,11930],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[36,11932,11933,11934],{},"Returns ",[15,11935,1842],{},[36,11937,11938,11939],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11940,4305],{},[20,11942,11943],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11945,9658,11946,653],{},[646,11947,9662],{"href":9661},[59,11949,370],{"id":369},[64,11951,11953],{"className":66,"code":11952,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11954,11955],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,11956,11957,11960,11962,11964],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,11958,11959],{"class":216},"my_dict",[73,11961,653],{"class":83},[73,11963,11892],{"class":245},[73,11965,9151],{"class":83},[20,11967,11968],{},"Important points:",[33,11970,11971,11976,11979],{},[36,11972,11973,11975],{},[15,11974,11830],{}," takes no arguments",[36,11977,11978],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[36,11980,11981],{},"It empties that dictionary",[59,11983,11985],{"id":11984},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,11987,11988],{},"Here is a basic example:",[64,11990,11992],{"className":66,"code":11991,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11993,11994,12004,12025,12039,12056,12060,12064,12084,12088,12099,12103],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,11995,11996,11999,12001],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,11997,11998],{"class":216},"user ",[73,12000,221],{"class":220},[73,12002,12003],{"class":83}," {\n",[73,12005,12006,12009,12011,12013,12015,12017,12020,12022],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,12007,12008],{"class":93},"    \"",[73,12010,8177],{"class":97},[73,12012,94],{"class":93},[73,12014,1063],{"class":83},[73,12016,224],{"class":93},[73,12018,12019],{"class":97},"Maya",[73,12021,94],{"class":93},[73,12023,12024],{"class":83},",\n",[73,12026,12027,12029,12031,12033,12035,12037],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,12028,12008],{"class":93},[73,12030,9804],{"class":97},[73,12032,94],{"class":93},[73,12034,1063],{"class":83},[73,12036,9811],{"class":116},[73,12038,12024],{"class":83},[73,12040,12041,12043,12045,12047,12049,12051,12054],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,12042,12008],{"class":93},[73,12044,10915],{"class":97},[73,12046,94],{"class":93},[73,12048,1063],{"class":83},[73,12050,224],{"class":93},[73,12052,12053],{"class":97},"Berlin",[73,12055,230],{"class":93},[73,12057,12058],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,12059,9814],{"class":83},[73,12061,12062],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,12063,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,12065,12066,12068,12070,12072,12075,12077,12079,12082],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,12067,80],{"class":79},[73,12069,84],{"class":83},[73,12071,94],{"class":93},[73,12073,12074],{"class":97},"Before:",[73,12076,94],{"class":93},[73,12078,140],{"class":83},[73,12080,12081],{"class":245}," user",[73,12083,249],{"class":83},[73,12085,12086],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,12087,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,12089,12090,12093,12095,12097],{"class":75,"line":6940},[73,12091,12092],{"class":216},"user",[73,12094,653],{"class":83},[73,12096,11892],{"class":245},[73,12098,9151],{"class":83},[73,12100,12101],{"class":75,"line":6945},[73,12102,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,12104,12106,12108,12110,12112,12115,12117,12119,12121],{"class":75,"line":12105},11,[73,12107,80],{"class":79},[73,12109,84],{"class":83},[73,12111,94],{"class":93},[73,12113,12114],{"class":97},"After:",[73,12116,94],{"class":93},[73,12118,140],{"class":83},[73,12120,12081],{"class":245},[73,12122,249],{"class":83},[20,12124,6072],{},[64,12126,12128],{"className":66,"code":12127,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,12129,12130,12183],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,12131,12132,12135,12137,12139,12141,12143,12145,12147,12149,12151,12153,12155,12157,12159,12161,12163,12165,12167,12169,12171,12173,12175,12177,12179,12181],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,12133,12134],{"class":216},"Before",[73,12136,1063],{"class":83},[73,12138,10997],{"class":83},[73,12140,343],{"class":93},[73,12142,8177],{"class":97},[73,12144,343],{"class":93},[73,12146,1063],{"class":83},[73,12148,337],{"class":93},[73,12150,12019],{"class":97},[73,12152,343],{"class":93},[73,12154,140],{"class":83},[73,12156,337],{"class":93},[73,12158,9804],{"class":97},[73,12160,343],{"class":93},[73,12162,1063],{"class":83},[73,12164,9811],{"class":116},[73,12166,140],{"class":83},[73,12168,337],{"class":93},[73,12170,10915],{"class":97},[73,12172,343],{"class":93},[73,12174,1063],{"class":83},[73,12176,337],{"class":93},[73,12178,12053],{"class":97},[73,12180,343],{"class":93},[73,12182,9814],{"class":83},[73,12184,12185,12188,12190],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,12186,12187],{"class":216},"After",[73,12189,1063],{"class":83},[73,12191,10344],{"class":83},[20,12193,12194],{},"What happens here:",[33,12196,12197,12202,12208],{},[36,12198,12199,12201],{},[15,12200,12092],{}," starts with three items",[36,12203,12204,12207],{},[15,12205,12206],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[36,12209,12210],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[59,12212,178,12214,12216],{"id":12213},"what-clear-returns",[15,12215,11830],{}," returns",[20,12218,12219,2928,12221,653],{},[15,12220,11830],{},[15,12222,1842],{},[20,12224,12225],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[64,12227,12229],{"className":66,"code":12228,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,12230,12231,12265,12269,12284,12288,12298],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,12232,12233,12236,12238,12240,12242,12244,12246,12248,12250,12252,12254,12257,12259,12261,12263],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,12234,12235],{"class":216},"my_dict ",[73,12237,221],{"class":220},[73,12239,10997],{"class":83},[73,12241,94],{"class":93},[73,12243,384],{"class":97},[73,12245,94],{"class":93},[73,12247,1063],{"class":83},[73,12249,2085],{"class":116},[73,12251,140],{"class":83},[73,12253,224],{"class":93},[73,12255,12256],{"class":97},"y",[73,12258,94],{"class":93},[73,12260,1063],{"class":83},[73,12262,143],{"class":116},[73,12264,9814],{"class":83},[73,12266,12267],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,12268,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,12270,12271,12273,12275,12278,12280,12282],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,12272,2766],{"class":216},[73,12274,221],{"class":220},[73,12276,12277],{"class":216}," my_dict",[73,12279,653],{"class":83},[73,12281,11892],{"class":245},[73,12283,9151],{"class":83},[73,12285,12286],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,12287,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,12289,12290,12292,12294,12296],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,12291,80],{"class":79},[73,12293,84],{"class":83},[73,12295,2800],{"class":245},[73,12297,249],{"class":83},[73,12299,12300,12302,12304,12306],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,12301,80],{"class":79},[73,12303,84],{"class":83},[73,12305,11959],{"class":245},[73,12307,249],{"class":83},[20,12309,148],{},[64,12311,12313],{"className":66,"code":12312,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"None\n{}\n",[15,12314,12315,12320],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,12316,12317],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,12318,12319],{"class":484},"None\n",[73,12321,12322],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,12323,9940],{"class":83},[403,12325,12327],{"id":12326},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,12329,12330,12331,12333],{},"Do ",[1194,12332,1196],{}," do this:",[64,12335,12337],{"className":66,"code":12336,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,12338,12339,12371,12385,12389],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,12340,12341,12343,12345,12347,12349,12351,12353,12355,12357,12359,12361,12363,12365,12367,12369],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,12342,12235],{"class":216},[73,12344,221],{"class":220},[73,12346,10997],{"class":83},[73,12348,94],{"class":93},[73,12350,384],{"class":97},[73,12352,94],{"class":93},[73,12354,1063],{"class":83},[73,12356,2085],{"class":116},[73,12358,140],{"class":83},[73,12360,224],{"class":93},[73,12362,12256],{"class":97},[73,12364,94],{"class":93},[73,12366,1063],{"class":83},[73,12368,143],{"class":116},[73,12370,9814],{"class":83},[73,12372,12373,12375,12377,12379,12381,12383],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,12374,12235],{"class":216},[73,12376,221],{"class":220},[73,12378,12277],{"class":216},[73,12380,653],{"class":83},[73,12382,11892],{"class":245},[73,12384,9151],{"class":83},[73,12386,12387],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,12388,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,12390,12391,12393,12395,12397],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,12392,80],{"class":79},[73,12394,84],{"class":83},[73,12396,11959],{"class":245},[73,12398,249],{"class":83},[20,12400,148],{},[64,12402,12403],{"className":66,"code":12319,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,12404,12405],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,12406,12407],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,12408,12319],{"class":484},[20,12410,12411],{},"Why this happens:",[33,12413,12414,12420,12425],{},[36,12415,12416,12419],{},[15,12417,12418],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[36,12421,12422,12423],{},"The method returns ",[15,12424,1842],{},[36,12426,12427,12428,12431,12432,12434],{},"Then ",[15,12429,12430],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,12433,1842],{}," in the variable",[20,12436,12437,12438,12440],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,12439,11830],{}," by itself:",[64,12442,12444],{"className":66,"code":12443,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,12445,12446,12478,12488,12492],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,12447,12448,12450,12452,12454,12456,12458,12460,12462,12464,12466,12468,12470,12472,12474,12476],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,12449,12235],{"class":216},[73,12451,221],{"class":220},[73,12453,10997],{"class":83},[73,12455,94],{"class":93},[73,12457,384],{"class":97},[73,12459,94],{"class":93},[73,12461,1063],{"class":83},[73,12463,2085],{"class":116},[73,12465,140],{"class":83},[73,12467,224],{"class":93},[73,12469,12256],{"class":97},[73,12471,94],{"class":93},[73,12473,1063],{"class":83},[73,12475,143],{"class":116},[73,12477,9814],{"class":83},[73,12479,12480,12482,12484,12486],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,12481,11959],{"class":216},[73,12483,653],{"class":83},[73,12485,11892],{"class":245},[73,12487,9151],{"class":83},[73,12489,12490],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,12491,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,12493,12494,12496,12498,12500,12502],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,12495,80],{"class":79},[73,12497,84],{"class":83},[73,12499,11959],{"class":245},[73,12501,4177],{"class":83},[73,12503,11907],{"class":769},[59,12505,12507,12509],{"id":12506},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,12508,11830],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,12511,12512],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[64,12514,12515],{"className":66,"code":11952,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,12516,12517],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,12518,12519,12521,12523,12525],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,12520,11959],{"class":216},[73,12522,653],{"class":83},[73,12524,11892],{"class":245},[73,12526,9151],{"class":83},[64,12528,12530],{"className":66,"code":12529,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,12531,12532],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,12533,12534,12536,12538],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,12535,12235],{"class":216},[73,12537,221],{"class":220},[73,12539,10344],{"class":83},[403,12541,12542],{"id":11892},[15,12543,11830],{},[33,12545,12546,12549,12552],{},[36,12547,12548],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[36,12550,12551],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[36,12553,12554],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[403,12556,12557],{"id":11959},[15,12558,12559],{},"my_dict = {}",[33,12561,12562,12565,12568],{},[36,12563,12564],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[36,12566,12567],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[36,12569,12570],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,12572,12573,12574,653],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[646,12575,12577],{"href":12576},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[59,12579,12581],{"id":12580},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12583,12584,12585,12587],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12586,11830],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[64,12589,12591],{"className":66,"code":12590,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12592,12593,12626,12636,12640,12651,12655,12675,12695],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,12594,12595,12598,12600,12602,12604,12606,12608,12610,12612,12614,12616,12618,12620,12622,12624],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,12596,12597],{"class":216},"original ",[73,12599,221],{"class":220},[73,12601,10997],{"class":83},[73,12603,94],{"class":93},[73,12605,646],{"class":97},[73,12607,94],{"class":93},[73,12609,1063],{"class":83},[73,12611,2085],{"class":116},[73,12613,140],{"class":83},[73,12615,224],{"class":93},[73,12617,5274],{"class":97},[73,12619,94],{"class":93},[73,12621,1063],{"class":83},[73,12623,143],{"class":116},[73,12625,9814],{"class":83},[73,12627,12628,12631,12633],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,12629,12630],{"class":216},"other_ref ",[73,12632,221],{"class":220},[73,12634,12635],{"class":216}," original\n",[73,12637,12638],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,12639,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,12641,12642,12645,12647,12649],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,12643,12644],{"class":216},"original",[73,12646,653],{"class":83},[73,12648,11892],{"class":245},[73,12650,9151],{"class":83},[73,12652,12653],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,12654,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,12656,12657,12659,12661,12663,12666,12668,12670,12673],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,12658,80],{"class":79},[73,12660,84],{"class":83},[73,12662,94],{"class":93},[73,12664,12665],{"class":97},"original:",[73,12667,94],{"class":93},[73,12669,140],{"class":83},[73,12671,12672],{"class":245}," original",[73,12674,249],{"class":83},[73,12676,12677,12679,12681,12683,12686,12688,12690,12693],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,12678,80],{"class":79},[73,12680,84],{"class":83},[73,12682,94],{"class":93},[73,12684,12685],{"class":97},"other_ref:",[73,12687,94],{"class":93},[73,12689,140],{"class":83},[73,12691,12692],{"class":245}," other_ref",[73,12694,249],{"class":83},[73,12696,12697,12699,12701,12703,12706,12708],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,12698,80],{"class":79},[73,12700,84],{"class":83},[73,12702,12597],{"class":245},[73,12704,12705],{"class":933},"is",[73,12707,12692],{"class":245},[73,12709,249],{"class":83},[20,12711,148],{},[64,12713,12715],{"className":66,"code":12714,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12716,12717,12725,12734],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,12718,12719,12721,12723],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,12720,12644],{"class":216},[73,12722,1063],{"class":83},[73,12724,10344],{"class":83},[73,12726,12727,12730,12732],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,12728,12729],{"class":216},"other_ref",[73,12731,1063],{"class":83},[73,12733,10344],{"class":83},[73,12735,12736],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,12737,4490],{"class":484},[20,12739,12740],{},"This shows:",[33,12742,12743,12750,12755],{},[36,12744,12745,1647,12747,12749],{},[15,12746,12644],{},[15,12748,12729],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[36,12751,12752,12754],{},[15,12753,11830],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[36,12756,12757],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12759,12760],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[64,12762,12764],{"className":66,"code":12763,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12765,12766,12798,12806,12810,12818,12822,12840,12858],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,12767,12768,12770,12772,12774,12776,12778,12780,12782,12784,12786,12788,12790,12792,12794,12796],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,12769,12597],{"class":216},[73,12771,221],{"class":220},[73,12773,10997],{"class":83},[73,12775,94],{"class":93},[73,12777,646],{"class":97},[73,12779,94],{"class":93},[73,12781,1063],{"class":83},[73,12783,2085],{"class":116},[73,12785,140],{"class":83},[73,12787,224],{"class":93},[73,12789,5274],{"class":97},[73,12791,94],{"class":93},[73,12793,1063],{"class":83},[73,12795,143],{"class":116},[73,12797,9814],{"class":83},[73,12799,12800,12802,12804],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,12801,12630],{"class":216},[73,12803,221],{"class":220},[73,12805,12635],{"class":216},[73,12807,12808],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,12809,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,12811,12812,12814,12816],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,12813,12597],{"class":216},[73,12815,221],{"class":220},[73,12817,10344],{"class":83},[73,12819,12820],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,12821,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,12823,12824,12826,12828,12830,12832,12834,12836,12838],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,12825,80],{"class":79},[73,12827,84],{"class":83},[73,12829,94],{"class":93},[73,12831,12665],{"class":97},[73,12833,94],{"class":93},[73,12835,140],{"class":83},[73,12837,12672],{"class":245},[73,12839,249],{"class":83},[73,12841,12842,12844,12846,12848,12850,12852,12854,12856],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,12843,80],{"class":79},[73,12845,84],{"class":83},[73,12847,94],{"class":93},[73,12849,12685],{"class":97},[73,12851,94],{"class":93},[73,12853,140],{"class":83},[73,12855,12692],{"class":245},[73,12857,249],{"class":83},[73,12859,12860,12862,12864,12866,12868,12870],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,12861,80],{"class":79},[73,12863,84],{"class":83},[73,12865,12597],{"class":245},[73,12867,12705],{"class":933},[73,12869,12692],{"class":245},[73,12871,249],{"class":83},[20,12873,148],{},[64,12875,12877],{"className":66,"code":12876,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12878,12879,12887,12919],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,12880,12881,12883,12885],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,12882,12644],{"class":216},[73,12884,1063],{"class":83},[73,12886,10344],{"class":83},[73,12888,12889,12891,12893,12895,12897,12899,12901,12903,12905,12907,12909,12911,12913,12915,12917],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,12890,12729],{"class":216},[73,12892,1063],{"class":83},[73,12894,10997],{"class":83},[73,12896,343],{"class":93},[73,12898,646],{"class":97},[73,12900,343],{"class":93},[73,12902,1063],{"class":83},[73,12904,2085],{"class":116},[73,12906,140],{"class":83},[73,12908,337],{"class":93},[73,12910,5274],{"class":97},[73,12912,343],{"class":93},[73,12914,1063],{"class":83},[73,12916,143],{"class":116},[73,12918,9814],{"class":83},[73,12920,12921],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,12922,4551],{"class":484},[20,12924,2718],{},[33,12926,12927,12933],{},[36,12928,12929,12932],{},[15,12930,12931],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[36,12934,12935,12937],{},[15,12936,12729],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12939,12940,12941,653],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[646,12942,12944],{"href":12943},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12945,12946],{},"dict.copy()",[59,12948,1999,12950],{"id":12949},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12951,11830],{},[20,12953,12954,12956],{},[15,12955,11830],{}," is useful when you want to:",[33,12958,12959,12962,12965],{},[36,12960,12961],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[36,12963,12964],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[36,12966,12967],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12969,206],{},[64,12971,12973],{"className":66,"code":12972,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12974,12975,12984,13000,13020,13033,13037,13041,13046,13057,13061],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,12976,12977,12980,12982],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,12978,12979],{"class":216},"session_data ",[73,12981,221],{"class":220},[73,12983,12003],{"class":83},[73,12985,12986,12988,12991,12993,12995,12998],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,12987,12008],{"class":93},[73,12989,12990],{"class":97},"user_id",[73,12992,94],{"class":93},[73,12994,1063],{"class":83},[73,12996,12997],{"class":116}," 101",[73,12999,12024],{"class":83},[73,13001,13002,13004,13007,13009,13011,13013,13016,13018],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,13003,12008],{"class":93},[73,13005,13006],{"class":97},"theme",[73,13008,94],{"class":93},[73,13010,1063],{"class":83},[73,13012,224],{"class":93},[73,13014,13015],{"class":97},"dark",[73,13017,94],{"class":93},[73,13019,12024],{"class":83},[73,13021,13022,13024,13027,13029,13031],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,13023,12008],{"class":93},[73,13025,13026],{"class":97},"logged_in",[73,13028,94],{"class":93},[73,13030,1063],{"class":83},[73,13032,1402],{"class":484},[73,13034,13035],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,13036,9814],{"class":83},[73,13038,13039],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,13040,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,13042,13043],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,13044,13045],{"class":769},"# Reset for a new session\n",[73,13047,13048,13051,13053,13055],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,13049,13050],{"class":216},"session_data",[73,13052,653],{"class":83},[73,13054,11892],{"class":245},[73,13056,9151],{"class":83},[73,13058,13059],{"class":75,"line":6940},[73,13060,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,13062,13063,13065,13067,13069,13071],{"class":75,"line":6945},[73,13064,80],{"class":79},[73,13066,84],{"class":83},[73,13068,13050],{"class":245},[73,13070,4177],{"class":83},[73,13072,11907],{"class":769},[20,13074,13075,13076,13082,13083,653,13087,13089,13090,653],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[646,13077,13079],{"href":13078},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,13080,13081],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[646,13084,13086],{"href":13085},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[10352,13088],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[646,13091,13093],{"href":13092},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,13094,13095],{},"dict.popitem()",[59,13097,2102],{"id":2101},[20,13099,11255,13100,1063],{},[15,13101,11830],{},[33,13103,13104,13110,13115,13118],{},[36,13105,13106,13107,13109],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,13108,11830],{}," to a variable",[36,13111,2300,13112,13114],{},[15,13113,11830],{}," to return a new dictionary",[36,13116,13117],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[36,13119,13120],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,13122,13123],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[64,13125,13127],{"className":66,"code":13126,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,13128,13129,13139,13153,13168],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,13130,13131,13133,13135,13137],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,13132,80],{"class":79},[73,13134,84],{"class":83},[73,13136,11959],{"class":245},[73,13138,249],{"class":83},[73,13140,13141,13143,13145,13147,13149,13151],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,13142,80],{"class":79},[73,13144,84],{"class":83},[73,13146,288],{"class":87},[73,13148,84],{"class":83},[73,13150,11959],{"class":245},[73,13152,102],{"class":83},[73,13154,13155,13157,13159,13162,13164,13166],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,13156,80],{"class":79},[73,13158,84],{"class":83},[73,13160,13161],{"class":79},"id",[73,13163,84],{"class":83},[73,13165,11959],{"class":245},[73,13167,102],{"class":83},[73,13169,13170,13172,13174,13176,13178,13180],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,13171,80],{"class":79},[73,13173,84],{"class":83},[73,13175,12630],{"class":245},[73,13177,12705],{"class":933},[73,13179,12277],{"class":245},[73,13181,249],{"class":83},[20,13183,13184],{},"What these show:",[33,13186,13187,13193,13199,13205],{},[36,13188,13189,13192],{},[15,13190,13191],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[36,13194,13195,13198],{},[15,13196,13197],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[36,13200,13201,13204],{},[15,13202,13203],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[36,13206,13207,13210],{},[15,13208,13209],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[59,13212,2350],{"id":2349},[403,13214,2354,13216,13218],{"id":13215},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,13217,11830],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,13220,13221],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[403,13223,2387,13225,2391],{"id":13224},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,13226,11836],{},[20,13228,2394,13229,653],{},[15,13230,1842],{},[403,13232,5691,13234,1647,13236,3023],{"id":13233},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,13235,11830],{},[15,13237,4305],{},[20,13239,13240,13242,13243,13245],{},[15,13241,11830],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,13244,4305],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[403,13247,2354,13249,13251],{"id":13248},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,13250,11830],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,13253,13254],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[59,13256,2413],{"id":2412},[33,13258,13259,13263,13267,13274,13281,13288,13293],{},[36,13260,13261],{},[646,13262,9662],{"href":9661},[36,13264,13265],{},[646,13266,11751],{"href":9896},[36,13268,13269],{},[646,13270,11244,13271,11248],{"href":13078},[15,13272,13273],{},"pop()",[36,13275,13276],{},[646,13277,11244,13278,11248],{"href":13092},[15,13279,13280],{},"popitem()",[36,13282,13283],{},[646,13284,11244,13285,11248],{"href":12943},[15,13286,13287],{},"copy()",[36,13289,13290],{},[646,13291,13292],{"href":12576},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[36,13294,13295],{},[646,13296,13297],{"href":13085},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2459,13299,13300],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":13302},[13303,13304,13306,13307,13308,13312,13317,13318,13320,13321,13331],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":11915,"depth":105,"text":13305},"What clear() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":11984,"depth":105,"text":11985},{"id":12213,"depth":105,"text":13309,"children":13310},"What clear() returns",[13311],{"id":12326,"depth":122,"text":12327},{"id":12506,"depth":105,"text":13313,"children":13314},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[13315,13316],{"id":11892,"depth":122,"text":11830},{"id":11959,"depth":122,"text":12559},{"id":12580,"depth":105,"text":12581},{"id":12949,"depth":105,"text":13319},"When to use clear()",{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":13322},[13323,13325,13327,13329],{"id":13215,"depth":122,"text":13324},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":13224,"depth":122,"text":13326},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":13233,"depth":122,"text":13328},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":13248,"depth":122,"text":13330},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11821,"description":13332},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":13339,"title":13340,"body":13341,"description":15506,"extension":2511,"meta":15507,"navigation":254,"path":15508,"seo":15509,"stem":15510,"__hash__":15511},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":13342,"toc":15478},[13343,13348,13353,13363,13365,13454,13458,13499,13504,13511,13529,13538,13540,13561,13563,13575,13577,13656,13660,13701,13703,13706,13834,13838,13918,13921,13939,13942,13946,13952,13954,13965,13967,14162,14166,14272,14275,14293,14296,14303,14308,14312,14326,14328,14455,14459,14538,14551,14557,14560,14567,14571,14697,14701,14775,14780,14911,14915,14989,14992,15006,15010,15014,15028,15030,15166,15170,15239,15241,15245,15267,15270,15377,15380,15391,15398,15400,15406,15409,15416,15419,15426,15434,15438,15441,15443,15475],[10,13344,11827,13346,11831],{"id":13345},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,13347,13287],{},[20,13349,13350,13352],{},[15,13351,12946],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,13354,13355,13356,13358,13359,13362],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,13357,13287],{}," makes a ",[1194,13360,13361],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[59,13364,62],{"id":61},[64,13366,13368],{"className":66,"code":13367,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,13369,13370,13408,13425,13429,13440],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,13371,13372,13375,13377,13379,13381,13383,13385,13387,13389,13392,13394,13396,13398,13400,13402,13404,13406],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,13373,13374],{"class":216},"student ",[73,13376,221],{"class":220},[73,13378,10997],{"class":83},[73,13380,94],{"class":93},[73,13382,8177],{"class":97},[73,13384,94],{"class":93},[73,13386,1063],{"class":83},[73,13388,224],{"class":93},[73,13390,13391],{"class":97},"Ana",[73,13393,94],{"class":93},[73,13395,140],{"class":83},[73,13397,224],{"class":93},[73,13399,9804],{"class":97},[73,13401,94],{"class":93},[73,13403,1063],{"class":83},[73,13405,8300],{"class":116},[73,13407,9814],{"class":83},[73,13409,13410,13413,13415,13418,13420,13423],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,13411,13412],{"class":216},"student_copy ",[73,13414,221],{"class":220},[73,13416,13417],{"class":216}," student",[73,13419,653],{"class":83},[73,13421,13422],{"class":245},"copy",[73,13424,9151],{"class":83},[73,13426,13427],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,13428,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,13430,13431,13433,13435,13438],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,13432,80],{"class":79},[73,13434,84],{"class":83},[73,13436,13437],{"class":245},"student_copy",[73,13439,249],{"class":83},[73,13441,13442,13444,13446,13448,13450,13452],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,13443,80],{"class":79},[73,13445,84],{"class":83},[73,13447,13412],{"class":245},[73,13449,12705],{"class":933},[73,13451,13417],{"class":245},[73,13453,249],{"class":83},[20,13455,13456],{},[1194,13457,148],{},[64,13459,13461],{"className":66,"code":13460,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,13462,13463,13495],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,13464,13465,13467,13469,13471,13473,13475,13477,13479,13481,13483,13485,13487,13489,13491,13493],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,13466,999],{"class":83},[73,13468,343],{"class":93},[73,13470,8177],{"class":97},[73,13472,343],{"class":93},[73,13474,1063],{"class":83},[73,13476,337],{"class":93},[73,13478,13391],{"class":97},[73,13480,343],{"class":93},[73,13482,140],{"class":83},[73,13484,337],{"class":93},[73,13486,9804],{"class":97},[73,13488,343],{"class":93},[73,13490,1063],{"class":83},[73,13492,8300],{"class":116},[73,13494,9814],{"class":83},[73,13496,13497],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,13498,4551],{"class":484},[20,13500,171,13501,13503],{},[15,13502,13287],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[59,13505,13507,13508,13510],{"id":13506},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,13509,13287],{}," method does",[33,13512,13513,13518,13521,13526],{},[36,13514,13515,13517],{},[15,13516,12946],{}," returns a new dictionary",[36,13519,13520],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[36,13522,13523,13524],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,13525,13287],{},[36,13527,13528],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,13530,13531,13532,3408,13535,653],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[646,13533,9662],{"href":13534},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[646,13536,9897],{"href":13537},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[59,13539,370],{"id":369},[64,13541,13543],{"className":66,"code":13542,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,13544,13545],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,13546,13547,13550,13552,13555,13557,13559],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,13548,13549],{"class":216},"new_dict ",[73,13551,221],{"class":220},[73,13553,13554],{"class":216}," old_dict",[73,13556,653],{"class":83},[73,13558,13422],{"class":245},[73,13560,9151],{"class":83},[20,13562,189],{},[33,13564,13565,13569,13572],{},[36,13566,13567,11975],{},[15,13568,13287],{},[36,13570,13571],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[36,13573,13574],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13576,206],{},[64,13578,13580],{"className":66,"code":13579,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13581,13582,13625,13641,13645],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,13583,13584,13587,13589,13591,13593,13595,13597,13599,13601,13604,13606,13608,13610,13612,13614,13616,13618,13621,13623],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,13585,13586],{"class":216},"colors ",[73,13588,221],{"class":220},[73,13590,10997],{"class":83},[73,13592,94],{"class":93},[73,13594,646],{"class":97},[73,13596,94],{"class":93},[73,13598,1063],{"class":83},[73,13600,224],{"class":93},[73,13602,13603],{"class":97},"red",[73,13605,94],{"class":93},[73,13607,140],{"class":83},[73,13609,224],{"class":93},[73,13611,5274],{"class":97},[73,13613,94],{"class":93},[73,13615,1063],{"class":83},[73,13617,224],{"class":93},[73,13619,13620],{"class":97},"blue",[73,13622,94],{"class":93},[73,13624,9814],{"class":83},[73,13626,13627,13630,13632,13635,13637,13639],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,13628,13629],{"class":216},"new_colors ",[73,13631,221],{"class":220},[73,13633,13634],{"class":216}," colors",[73,13636,653],{"class":83},[73,13638,13422],{"class":245},[73,13640,9151],{"class":83},[73,13642,13643],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,13644,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,13646,13647,13649,13651,13654],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,13648,80],{"class":79},[73,13650,84],{"class":83},[73,13652,13653],{"class":245},"new_colors",[73,13655,249],{"class":83},[20,13657,13658],{},[1194,13659,148],{},[64,13661,13663],{"className":66,"code":13662,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13664,13665],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,13666,13667,13669,13671,13673,13675,13677,13679,13681,13683,13685,13687,13689,13691,13693,13695,13697,13699],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,13668,999],{"class":83},[73,13670,343],{"class":93},[73,13672,646],{"class":97},[73,13674,343],{"class":93},[73,13676,1063],{"class":83},[73,13678,337],{"class":93},[73,13680,13603],{"class":97},[73,13682,343],{"class":93},[73,13684,140],{"class":83},[73,13686,337],{"class":93},[73,13688,5274],{"class":97},[73,13690,343],{"class":93},[73,13692,1063],{"class":83},[73,13694,337],{"class":93},[73,13696,13620],{"class":97},[73,13698,343],{"class":93},[73,13700,9814],{"class":83},[59,13702,11985],{"id":11984},[20,13704,13705],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[64,13707,13709],{"className":66,"code":13708,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13710,13711,13749,13765,13769,13791,13795,13814],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,13712,13713,13716,13718,13720,13722,13724,13726,13728,13730,13733,13735,13737,13739,13741,13743,13745,13747],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,13714,13715],{"class":216},"person ",[73,13717,221],{"class":220},[73,13719,10997],{"class":83},[73,13721,94],{"class":93},[73,13723,8177],{"class":97},[73,13725,94],{"class":93},[73,13727,1063],{"class":83},[73,13729,224],{"class":93},[73,13731,13732],{"class":97},"Liam",[73,13734,94],{"class":93},[73,13736,140],{"class":83},[73,13738,224],{"class":93},[73,13740,9804],{"class":97},[73,13742,94],{"class":93},[73,13744,1063],{"class":83},[73,13746,9811],{"class":116},[73,13748,9814],{"class":83},[73,13750,13751,13754,13756,13759,13761,13763],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,13752,13753],{"class":216},"person_copy ",[73,13755,221],{"class":220},[73,13757,13758],{"class":216}," person",[73,13760,653],{"class":83},[73,13762,13422],{"class":245},[73,13764,9151],{"class":83},[73,13766,13767],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,13768,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,13770,13771,13774,13776,13778,13780,13782,13785,13788],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,13772,13773],{"class":216},"person_copy",[73,13775,4410],{"class":83},[73,13777,94],{"class":93},[73,13779,9804],{"class":97},[73,13781,94],{"class":93},[73,13783,13784],{"class":83},"]",[73,13786,13787],{"class":220}," =",[73,13789,13790],{"class":116}," 26\n",[73,13792,13793],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,13794,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,13796,13797,13799,13801,13803,13806,13808,13810,13812],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,13798,80],{"class":79},[73,13800,84],{"class":83},[73,13802,94],{"class":93},[73,13804,13805],{"class":97},"Original:",[73,13807,94],{"class":93},[73,13809,140],{"class":83},[73,13811,13758],{"class":245},[73,13813,249],{"class":83},[73,13815,13816,13818,13820,13822,13825,13827,13829,13832],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,13817,80],{"class":79},[73,13819,84],{"class":83},[73,13821,94],{"class":93},[73,13823,13824],{"class":97},"Copy:",[73,13826,94],{"class":93},[73,13828,140],{"class":83},[73,13830,13831],{"class":245}," person_copy",[73,13833,249],{"class":83},[20,13835,13836],{},[1194,13837,148],{},[64,13839,13841],{"className":66,"code":13840,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13842,13843,13880],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,13844,13845,13848,13850,13852,13854,13856,13858,13860,13862,13864,13866,13868,13870,13872,13874,13876,13878],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,13846,13847],{"class":216},"Original",[73,13849,1063],{"class":83},[73,13851,10997],{"class":83},[73,13853,343],{"class":93},[73,13855,8177],{"class":97},[73,13857,343],{"class":93},[73,13859,1063],{"class":83},[73,13861,337],{"class":93},[73,13863,13732],{"class":97},[73,13865,343],{"class":93},[73,13867,140],{"class":83},[73,13869,337],{"class":93},[73,13871,9804],{"class":97},[73,13873,343],{"class":93},[73,13875,1063],{"class":83},[73,13877,9811],{"class":116},[73,13879,9814],{"class":83},[73,13881,13882,13885,13887,13889,13891,13893,13895,13897,13899,13901,13903,13905,13907,13909,13911,13913,13916],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,13883,13884],{"class":216},"Copy",[73,13886,1063],{"class":83},[73,13888,10997],{"class":83},[73,13890,343],{"class":93},[73,13892,8177],{"class":97},[73,13894,343],{"class":93},[73,13896,1063],{"class":83},[73,13898,337],{"class":93},[73,13900,13732],{"class":97},[73,13902,343],{"class":93},[73,13904,140],{"class":83},[73,13906,337],{"class":93},[73,13908,9804],{"class":97},[73,13910,343],{"class":93},[73,13912,1063],{"class":83},[73,13914,13915],{"class":116}," 26",[73,13917,9814],{"class":83},[20,13919,13920],{},"What happened here:",[33,13922,13923,13929,13936],{},[36,13924,13925,13928],{},[15,13926,13927],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[36,13930,13931,13932,13935],{},"Changing ",[15,13933,13934],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[36,13937,13938],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13940,13941],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[59,13943,13945],{"id":13944},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13947,13948,13358,13950,653],{},[15,13949,13287],{},[1194,13951,13361],{},[20,13953,2649],{},[33,13955,13956,13959,13962],{},[36,13957,13958],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[36,13960,13961],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[36,13963,13964],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13966,206],{},[64,13968,13970],{"className":66,"code":13969,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13971,13972,13980,13998,14021,14025,14029,14043,14047,14072,14076,14094,14113,14128],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,13973,13974,13976,13978],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,13975,13374],{"class":216},[73,13977,221],{"class":220},[73,13979,12003],{"class":83},[73,13981,13982,13984,13986,13988,13990,13992,13994,13996],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,13983,12008],{"class":93},[73,13985,8177],{"class":97},[73,13987,94],{"class":93},[73,13989,1063],{"class":83},[73,13991,224],{"class":93},[73,13993,13391],{"class":97},[73,13995,94],{"class":93},[73,13997,12024],{"class":83},[73,13999,14000,14002,14005,14007,14009,14011,14014,14016,14019],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,14001,12008],{"class":93},[73,14003,14004],{"class":97},"grades",[73,14006,94],{"class":93},[73,14008,1063],{"class":83},[73,14010,891],{"class":83},[73,14012,14013],{"class":116},"90",[73,14015,140],{"class":83},[73,14017,14018],{"class":116}," 85",[73,14020,924],{"class":83},[73,14022,14023],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,14024,9814],{"class":83},[73,14026,14027],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,14028,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,14030,14031,14033,14035,14037,14039,14041],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,14032,13412],{"class":216},[73,14034,221],{"class":220},[73,14036,13417],{"class":216},[73,14038,653],{"class":83},[73,14040,13422],{"class":245},[73,14042,9151],{"class":83},[73,14044,14045],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,14046,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,14048,14049,14051,14053,14055,14057,14059,14062,14065,14067,14070],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,14050,13437],{"class":216},[73,14052,4410],{"class":83},[73,14054,94],{"class":93},[73,14056,14004],{"class":97},[73,14058,94],{"class":93},[73,14060,14061],{"class":83},"].",[73,14063,14064],{"class":245},"append",[73,14066,84],{"class":83},[73,14068,14069],{"class":116},"100",[73,14071,249],{"class":83},[73,14073,14074],{"class":75,"line":6940},[73,14075,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,14077,14078,14080,14082,14084,14086,14088,14090,14092],{"class":75,"line":6945},[73,14079,80],{"class":79},[73,14081,84],{"class":83},[73,14083,94],{"class":93},[73,14085,13805],{"class":97},[73,14087,94],{"class":93},[73,14089,140],{"class":83},[73,14091,13417],{"class":245},[73,14093,249],{"class":83},[73,14095,14096,14098,14100,14102,14104,14106,14108,14111],{"class":75,"line":12105},[73,14097,80],{"class":79},[73,14099,84],{"class":83},[73,14101,94],{"class":93},[73,14103,13824],{"class":97},[73,14105,94],{"class":93},[73,14107,140],{"class":83},[73,14109,14110],{"class":245}," student_copy",[73,14112,249],{"class":83},[73,14114,14116,14118,14120,14122,14124,14126],{"class":75,"line":14115},12,[73,14117,80],{"class":79},[73,14119,84],{"class":83},[73,14121,13374],{"class":245},[73,14123,12705],{"class":933},[73,14125,14110],{"class":245},[73,14127,249],{"class":83},[73,14129,14131,14133,14135,14138,14140,14142,14144,14146,14148,14150,14152,14154,14156,14158,14160],{"class":75,"line":14130},13,[73,14132,80],{"class":79},[73,14134,84],{"class":83},[73,14136,14137],{"class":245},"student",[73,14139,4410],{"class":83},[73,14141,94],{"class":93},[73,14143,14004],{"class":97},[73,14145,94],{"class":93},[73,14147,13784],{"class":83},[73,14149,8607],{"class":933},[73,14151,14110],{"class":245},[73,14153,4410],{"class":83},[73,14155,94],{"class":93},[73,14157,14004],{"class":97},[73,14159,94],{"class":93},[73,14161,4398],{"class":83},[20,14163,14164],{},[1194,14165,148],{},[64,14167,14169],{"className":66,"code":14168,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,14170,14171,14218,14264,14268],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,14172,14173,14175,14177,14179,14181,14183,14185,14187,14189,14191,14193,14195,14197,14199,14201,14203,14205,14207,14209,14211,14213,14215],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,14174,13847],{"class":216},[73,14176,1063],{"class":83},[73,14178,10997],{"class":83},[73,14180,343],{"class":93},[73,14182,8177],{"class":97},[73,14184,343],{"class":93},[73,14186,1063],{"class":83},[73,14188,337],{"class":93},[73,14190,13391],{"class":97},[73,14192,343],{"class":93},[73,14194,140],{"class":83},[73,14196,337],{"class":93},[73,14198,14004],{"class":97},[73,14200,343],{"class":93},[73,14202,1063],{"class":83},[73,14204,891],{"class":83},[73,14206,14013],{"class":116},[73,14208,140],{"class":83},[73,14210,14018],{"class":116},[73,14212,140],{"class":83},[73,14214,10624],{"class":116},[73,14216,14217],{"class":83},"]}\n",[73,14219,14220,14222,14224,14226,14228,14230,14232,14234,14236,14238,14240,14242,14244,14246,14248,14250,14252,14254,14256,14258,14260,14262],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,14221,13884],{"class":216},[73,14223,1063],{"class":83},[73,14225,10997],{"class":83},[73,14227,343],{"class":93},[73,14229,8177],{"class":97},[73,14231,343],{"class":93},[73,14233,1063],{"class":83},[73,14235,337],{"class":93},[73,14237,13391],{"class":97},[73,14239,343],{"class":93},[73,14241,140],{"class":83},[73,14243,337],{"class":93},[73,14245,14004],{"class":97},[73,14247,343],{"class":93},[73,14249,1063],{"class":83},[73,14251,891],{"class":83},[73,14253,14013],{"class":116},[73,14255,140],{"class":83},[73,14257,14018],{"class":116},[73,14259,140],{"class":83},[73,14261,10624],{"class":116},[73,14263,14217],{"class":83},[73,14265,14266],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,14267,4551],{"class":484},[73,14269,14270],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,14271,4490],{"class":484},[20,14273,14274],{},"Notice the difference:",[33,14276,14277,14285],{},[36,14278,14279,5297,14282,14284],{},[15,14280,14281],{},"student is student_copy",[15,14283,1367],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[36,14286,14287,5297,14290,14292],{},[15,14288,14289],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,14291,430],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,14294,14295],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,14297,14298,14299,653],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[646,14300,14302],{"href":14301},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[59,14304,1999,14306],{"id":14305},"when-to-use-copy",[15,14307,13287],{},[20,14309,171,14310,11108],{},[15,14311,13287],{},[33,14313,14314,14317,14320,14323],{},[36,14315,14316],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[36,14318,14319],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[36,14321,14322],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[36,14324,14325],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,14327,206],{},[64,14329,14331],{"className":66,"code":14330,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,14332,14333,14372,14388,14392,14412,14416,14435],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,14334,14335,14338,14340,14342,14344,14346,14348,14350,14352,14354,14356,14358,14360,14363,14365,14367,14370],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,14336,14337],{"class":216},"settings ",[73,14339,221],{"class":220},[73,14341,10997],{"class":83},[73,14343,94],{"class":93},[73,14345,13006],{"class":97},[73,14347,94],{"class":93},[73,14349,1063],{"class":83},[73,14351,224],{"class":93},[73,14353,13015],{"class":97},[73,14355,94],{"class":93},[73,14357,140],{"class":83},[73,14359,224],{"class":93},[73,14361,14362],{"class":97},"font_size",[73,14364,94],{"class":93},[73,14366,1063],{"class":83},[73,14368,14369],{"class":116}," 14",[73,14371,9814],{"class":83},[73,14373,14374,14377,14379,14382,14384,14386],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,14375,14376],{"class":216},"settings_backup ",[73,14378,221],{"class":220},[73,14380,14381],{"class":216}," settings",[73,14383,653],{"class":83},[73,14385,13422],{"class":245},[73,14387,9151],{"class":83},[73,14389,14390],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,14391,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,14393,14394,14397,14399,14401,14403,14405,14407,14409],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,14395,14396],{"class":216},"settings",[73,14398,4410],{"class":83},[73,14400,94],{"class":93},[73,14402,14362],{"class":97},[73,14404,94],{"class":93},[73,14406,13784],{"class":83},[73,14408,13787],{"class":220},[73,14410,14411],{"class":116}," 16\n",[73,14413,14414],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,14415,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,14417,14418,14420,14422,14424,14427,14429,14431,14433],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,14419,80],{"class":79},[73,14421,84],{"class":83},[73,14423,94],{"class":93},[73,14425,14426],{"class":97},"Current:",[73,14428,94],{"class":93},[73,14430,140],{"class":83},[73,14432,14381],{"class":245},[73,14434,249],{"class":83},[73,14436,14437,14439,14441,14443,14446,14448,14450,14453],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,14438,80],{"class":79},[73,14440,84],{"class":83},[73,14442,94],{"class":93},[73,14444,14445],{"class":97},"Backup:",[73,14447,94],{"class":93},[73,14449,140],{"class":83},[73,14451,14452],{"class":245}," settings_backup",[73,14454,249],{"class":83},[20,14456,14457],{},[1194,14458,148],{},[64,14460,14462],{"className":66,"code":14461,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,14463,14464,14501],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,14465,14466,14469,14471,14473,14475,14477,14479,14481,14483,14485,14487,14489,14491,14493,14495,14497,14499],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,14467,14468],{"class":216},"Current",[73,14470,1063],{"class":83},[73,14472,10997],{"class":83},[73,14474,343],{"class":93},[73,14476,13006],{"class":97},[73,14478,343],{"class":93},[73,14480,1063],{"class":83},[73,14482,337],{"class":93},[73,14484,13015],{"class":97},[73,14486,343],{"class":93},[73,14488,140],{"class":83},[73,14490,337],{"class":93},[73,14492,14362],{"class":97},[73,14494,343],{"class":93},[73,14496,1063],{"class":83},[73,14498,618],{"class":116},[73,14500,9814],{"class":83},[73,14502,14503,14506,14508,14510,14512,14514,14516,14518,14520,14522,14524,14526,14528,14530,14532,14534,14536],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,14504,14505],{"class":216},"Backup",[73,14507,1063],{"class":83},[73,14509,10997],{"class":83},[73,14511,343],{"class":93},[73,14513,13006],{"class":97},[73,14515,343],{"class":93},[73,14517,1063],{"class":83},[73,14519,337],{"class":93},[73,14521,13015],{"class":97},[73,14523,343],{"class":93},[73,14525,140],{"class":83},[73,14527,337],{"class":93},[73,14529,14362],{"class":97},[73,14531,343],{"class":93},[73,14533,1063],{"class":83},[73,14535,14369],{"class":116},[73,14537,9814],{"class":83},[20,14539,14540,14541,3408,14547,653],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[646,14542,14544],{"href":14543},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,14545,14546],{},"dict.update()",[646,14548,14549],{"href":13334},[15,14550,11836],{},[59,14552,14554,14556],{"id":14553},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,14555,13287],{}," vs assignment",[20,14558,14559],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,14561,657,14562,1192,14564,14566],{},[15,14563,221],{},[1194,14565,1196],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[403,14568,14570],{"id":14569},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[64,14572,14574],{"className":66,"code":14573,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14575,14576,14608,14617,14621,14641,14645,14663,14683],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,14577,14578,14580,14582,14584,14586,14588,14590,14592,14594,14596,14598,14600,14602,14604,14606],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,14579,12597],{"class":216},[73,14581,221],{"class":220},[73,14583,10997],{"class":83},[73,14585,94],{"class":93},[73,14587,384],{"class":97},[73,14589,94],{"class":93},[73,14591,1063],{"class":83},[73,14593,2085],{"class":116},[73,14595,140],{"class":83},[73,14597,224],{"class":93},[73,14599,12256],{"class":97},[73,14601,94],{"class":93},[73,14603,1063],{"class":83},[73,14605,143],{"class":116},[73,14607,9814],{"class":83},[73,14609,14610,14613,14615],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,14611,14612],{"class":216},"assigned ",[73,14614,221],{"class":220},[73,14616,12635],{"class":216},[73,14618,14619],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,14620,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,14622,14623,14626,14628,14630,14632,14634,14636,14638],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,14624,14625],{"class":216},"assigned",[73,14627,4410],{"class":83},[73,14629,94],{"class":93},[73,14631,384],{"class":97},[73,14633,94],{"class":93},[73,14635,13784],{"class":83},[73,14637,13787],{"class":220},[73,14639,14640],{"class":116}," 99\n",[73,14642,14643],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,14644,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,14646,14647,14649,14651,14653,14655,14657,14659,14661],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,14648,80],{"class":79},[73,14650,84],{"class":83},[73,14652,94],{"class":93},[73,14654,13805],{"class":97},[73,14656,94],{"class":93},[73,14658,140],{"class":83},[73,14660,12672],{"class":245},[73,14662,249],{"class":83},[73,14664,14665,14667,14669,14671,14674,14676,14678,14681],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,14666,80],{"class":79},[73,14668,84],{"class":83},[73,14670,94],{"class":93},[73,14672,14673],{"class":97},"Assigned:",[73,14675,94],{"class":93},[73,14677,140],{"class":83},[73,14679,14680],{"class":245}," assigned",[73,14682,249],{"class":83},[73,14684,14685,14687,14689,14691,14693,14695],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,14686,80],{"class":79},[73,14688,84],{"class":83},[73,14690,12597],{"class":245},[73,14692,12705],{"class":933},[73,14694,14680],{"class":245},[73,14696,249],{"class":83},[20,14698,14699],{},[1194,14700,148],{},[64,14702,14704],{"className":66,"code":14703,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14705,14706,14738,14771],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,14707,14708,14710,14712,14714,14716,14718,14720,14722,14724,14726,14728,14730,14732,14734,14736],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,14709,13847],{"class":216},[73,14711,1063],{"class":83},[73,14713,10997],{"class":83},[73,14715,343],{"class":93},[73,14717,384],{"class":97},[73,14719,343],{"class":93},[73,14721,1063],{"class":83},[73,14723,10703],{"class":116},[73,14725,140],{"class":83},[73,14727,337],{"class":93},[73,14729,12256],{"class":97},[73,14731,343],{"class":93},[73,14733,1063],{"class":83},[73,14735,143],{"class":116},[73,14737,9814],{"class":83},[73,14739,14740,14743,14745,14747,14749,14751,14753,14755,14757,14759,14761,14763,14765,14767,14769],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,14741,14742],{"class":216},"Assigned",[73,14744,1063],{"class":83},[73,14746,10997],{"class":83},[73,14748,343],{"class":93},[73,14750,384],{"class":97},[73,14752,343],{"class":93},[73,14754,1063],{"class":83},[73,14756,10703],{"class":116},[73,14758,140],{"class":83},[73,14760,337],{"class":93},[73,14762,12256],{"class":97},[73,14764,343],{"class":93},[73,14766,1063],{"class":83},[73,14768,143],{"class":116},[73,14770,9814],{"class":83},[73,14772,14773],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,14774,4490],{"class":484},[403,14776,657,14778],{"id":14777},"using-copy",[15,14779,13287],{},[64,14781,14783],{"className":66,"code":14782,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14784,14785,14817,14832,14836,14855,14859,14877,14897],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,14786,14787,14789,14791,14793,14795,14797,14799,14801,14803,14805,14807,14809,14811,14813,14815],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,14788,12597],{"class":216},[73,14790,221],{"class":220},[73,14792,10997],{"class":83},[73,14794,94],{"class":93},[73,14796,384],{"class":97},[73,14798,94],{"class":93},[73,14800,1063],{"class":83},[73,14802,2085],{"class":116},[73,14804,140],{"class":83},[73,14806,224],{"class":93},[73,14808,12256],{"class":97},[73,14810,94],{"class":93},[73,14812,1063],{"class":83},[73,14814,143],{"class":116},[73,14816,9814],{"class":83},[73,14818,14819,14822,14824,14826,14828,14830],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,14820,14821],{"class":216},"copied ",[73,14823,221],{"class":220},[73,14825,12672],{"class":216},[73,14827,653],{"class":83},[73,14829,13422],{"class":245},[73,14831,9151],{"class":83},[73,14833,14834],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,14835,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,14837,14838,14841,14843,14845,14847,14849,14851,14853],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,14839,14840],{"class":216},"copied",[73,14842,4410],{"class":83},[73,14844,94],{"class":93},[73,14846,384],{"class":97},[73,14848,94],{"class":93},[73,14850,13784],{"class":83},[73,14852,13787],{"class":220},[73,14854,14640],{"class":116},[73,14856,14857],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,14858,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,14860,14861,14863,14865,14867,14869,14871,14873,14875],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,14862,80],{"class":79},[73,14864,84],{"class":83},[73,14866,94],{"class":93},[73,14868,13805],{"class":97},[73,14870,94],{"class":93},[73,14872,140],{"class":83},[73,14874,12672],{"class":245},[73,14876,249],{"class":83},[73,14878,14879,14881,14883,14885,14888,14890,14892,14895],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,14880,80],{"class":79},[73,14882,84],{"class":83},[73,14884,94],{"class":93},[73,14886,14887],{"class":97},"Copied:",[73,14889,94],{"class":93},[73,14891,140],{"class":83},[73,14893,14894],{"class":245}," copied",[73,14896,249],{"class":83},[73,14898,14899,14901,14903,14905,14907,14909],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,14900,80],{"class":79},[73,14902,84],{"class":83},[73,14904,12597],{"class":245},[73,14906,12705],{"class":933},[73,14908,14894],{"class":245},[73,14910,249],{"class":83},[20,14912,14913],{},[1194,14914,148],{},[64,14916,14918],{"className":66,"code":14917,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14919,14920,14952,14985],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,14921,14922,14924,14926,14928,14930,14932,14934,14936,14938,14940,14942,14944,14946,14948,14950],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,14923,13847],{"class":216},[73,14925,1063],{"class":83},[73,14927,10997],{"class":83},[73,14929,343],{"class":93},[73,14931,384],{"class":97},[73,14933,343],{"class":93},[73,14935,1063],{"class":83},[73,14937,2085],{"class":116},[73,14939,140],{"class":83},[73,14941,337],{"class":93},[73,14943,12256],{"class":97},[73,14945,343],{"class":93},[73,14947,1063],{"class":83},[73,14949,143],{"class":116},[73,14951,9814],{"class":83},[73,14953,14954,14957,14959,14961,14963,14965,14967,14969,14971,14973,14975,14977,14979,14981,14983],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,14955,14956],{"class":216},"Copied",[73,14958,1063],{"class":83},[73,14960,10997],{"class":83},[73,14962,343],{"class":93},[73,14964,384],{"class":97},[73,14966,343],{"class":93},[73,14968,1063],{"class":83},[73,14970,10703],{"class":116},[73,14972,140],{"class":83},[73,14974,337],{"class":93},[73,14976,12256],{"class":97},[73,14978,343],{"class":93},[73,14980,1063],{"class":83},[73,14982,143],{"class":116},[73,14984,9814],{"class":83},[73,14986,14987],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,14988,4551],{"class":484},[20,14990,14991],{},"Summary:",[33,14993,14994,15000],{},[36,14995,14996,14999],{},[15,14997,14998],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[36,15001,15002,15005],{},[15,15003,15004],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[59,15007,15009],{"id":15008},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,15011,15012,1063],{},[15,15013,13287],{},[33,15015,15016,15019,15022,15025],{},[36,15017,15018],{},"Returns a dictionary",[36,15020,15021],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[36,15023,15024],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[36,15026,15027],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,15029,206],{},[64,15031,15033],{"className":66,"code":15032,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,15034,15035,15067,15083,15087,15105,15125,15129,15147],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,15036,15037,15039,15041,15043,15045,15047,15049,15051,15053,15055,15057,15059,15061,15063,15065],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,15038,9672],{"class":216},[73,15040,221],{"class":220},[73,15042,10997],{"class":83},[73,15044,94],{"class":93},[73,15046,646],{"class":97},[73,15048,94],{"class":93},[73,15050,1063],{"class":83},[73,15052,2085],{"class":116},[73,15054,140],{"class":83},[73,15056,224],{"class":93},[73,15058,5274],{"class":97},[73,15060,94],{"class":93},[73,15062,1063],{"class":83},[73,15064,143],{"class":116},[73,15066,9814],{"class":83},[73,15068,15069,15072,15074,15077,15079,15081],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,15070,15071],{"class":216},"data_copy ",[73,15073,221],{"class":220},[73,15075,15076],{"class":216}," data",[73,15078,653],{"class":83},[73,15080,13422],{"class":245},[73,15082,9151],{"class":83},[73,15084,15085],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,15086,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,15088,15089,15091,15093,15095,15097,15099,15101,15103],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,15090,9710],{"class":216},[73,15092,4410],{"class":83},[73,15094,94],{"class":93},[73,15096,646],{"class":97},[73,15098,94],{"class":93},[73,15100,13784],{"class":83},[73,15102,13787],{"class":220},[73,15104,3119],{"class":116},[73,15106,15107,15110,15112,15114,15116,15118,15120,15122],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,15108,15109],{"class":216},"data_copy",[73,15111,4410],{"class":83},[73,15113,94],{"class":93},[73,15115,5274],{"class":97},[73,15117,94],{"class":93},[73,15119,13784],{"class":83},[73,15121,13787],{"class":220},[73,15123,15124],{"class":116}," 20\n",[73,15126,15127],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,15128,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,15130,15131,15133,15135,15137,15139,15141,15143,15145],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,15132,80],{"class":79},[73,15134,84],{"class":83},[73,15136,94],{"class":93},[73,15138,13805],{"class":97},[73,15140,94],{"class":93},[73,15142,140],{"class":83},[73,15144,15076],{"class":245},[73,15146,249],{"class":83},[73,15148,15149,15151,15153,15155,15157,15159,15161,15164],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,15150,80],{"class":79},[73,15152,84],{"class":83},[73,15154,94],{"class":93},[73,15156,13824],{"class":97},[73,15158,94],{"class":93},[73,15160,140],{"class":83},[73,15162,15163],{"class":245}," data_copy",[73,15165,249],{"class":83},[20,15167,15168],{},[1194,15169,148],{},[64,15171,15173],{"className":66,"code":15172,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,15174,15175,15207],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,15176,15177,15179,15181,15183,15185,15187,15189,15191,15193,15195,15197,15199,15201,15203,15205],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,15178,13847],{"class":216},[73,15180,1063],{"class":83},[73,15182,10997],{"class":83},[73,15184,343],{"class":93},[73,15186,646],{"class":97},[73,15188,343],{"class":93},[73,15190,1063],{"class":83},[73,15192,6516],{"class":116},[73,15194,140],{"class":83},[73,15196,337],{"class":93},[73,15198,5274],{"class":97},[73,15200,343],{"class":93},[73,15202,1063],{"class":83},[73,15204,143],{"class":116},[73,15206,9814],{"class":83},[73,15208,15209,15211,15213,15215,15217,15219,15221,15223,15225,15227,15229,15231,15233,15235,15237],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,15210,13884],{"class":216},[73,15212,1063],{"class":83},[73,15214,10997],{"class":83},[73,15216,343],{"class":93},[73,15218,646],{"class":97},[73,15220,343],{"class":93},[73,15222,1063],{"class":83},[73,15224,2085],{"class":116},[73,15226,140],{"class":83},[73,15228,337],{"class":93},[73,15230,5274],{"class":97},[73,15232,343],{"class":93},[73,15234,1063],{"class":83},[73,15236,8300],{"class":116},[73,15238,9814],{"class":83},[59,15240,2102],{"id":2101},[20,15242,2105,15243,1063],{},[15,15244,12946],{},[33,15246,15247,15254,15259,15264],{},[36,15248,657,15249,11600,15251,15253],{},[15,15250,221],{},[15,15252,13287],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[36,15255,5092,15256,15258],{},[15,15257,13287],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[36,15260,15261,15262],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,15263,13287],{},[36,15265,15266],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,15268,15269],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[64,15271,15273],{"className":66,"code":15272,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,15274,15275,15285,15295,15309,15332,15355],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,15276,15277,15279,15281,15283],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,15278,80],{"class":79},[73,15280,84],{"class":83},[73,15282,12644],{"class":245},[73,15284,249],{"class":83},[73,15286,15287,15289,15291,15293],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,15288,80],{"class":79},[73,15290,84],{"class":83},[73,15292,14840],{"class":245},[73,15294,249],{"class":83},[73,15296,15297,15299,15301,15303,15305,15307],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,15298,80],{"class":79},[73,15300,84],{"class":83},[73,15302,12597],{"class":245},[73,15304,12705],{"class":933},[73,15306,14894],{"class":245},[73,15308,249],{"class":83},[73,15310,15311,15313,15315,15317,15319,15321,15323,15326,15328,15330],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,15312,80],{"class":79},[73,15314,84],{"class":83},[73,15316,13161],{"class":79},[73,15318,84],{"class":83},[73,15320,12644],{"class":245},[73,15322,9739],{"class":83},[73,15324,15325],{"class":79}," id",[73,15327,84],{"class":83},[73,15329,14840],{"class":245},[73,15331,102],{"class":83},[73,15333,15334,15336,15338,15340,15342,15344,15346,15348,15351,15353],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,15335,80],{"class":79},[73,15337,84],{"class":83},[73,15339,13161],{"class":79},[73,15341,84],{"class":83},[73,15343,12644],{"class":245},[73,15345,4410],{"class":83},[73,15347,94],{"class":93},[73,15349,15350],{"class":97},"key",[73,15352,94],{"class":93},[73,15354,3523],{"class":83},[73,15356,15357,15359,15361,15363,15365,15367,15369,15371,15373,15375],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,15358,80],{"class":79},[73,15360,84],{"class":83},[73,15362,13161],{"class":79},[73,15364,84],{"class":83},[73,15366,14840],{"class":245},[73,15368,4410],{"class":83},[73,15370,94],{"class":93},[73,15372,15350],{"class":97},[73,15374,94],{"class":93},[73,15376,3523],{"class":83},[20,15378,15379],{},"What these help you check:",[33,15381,15382,15385,15388],{},[36,15383,15384],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[36,15386,15387],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[36,15389,15390],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,15392,15393,15394,653],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[646,15395,15397],{"href":15396},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[59,15399,2350],{"id":2349},[403,15401,2354,15403,15405],{"id":15402},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,15404,12946],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,15407,15408],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[403,15410,15412,15413,15415],{"id":15411},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,15414,12946],{}," a deep copy?",[20,15417,15418],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[403,15420,5691,15422,1647,15424,3023],{"id":15421},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,15423,13287],{},[15,15425,221],{},[20,15427,15428,15430,15431,15433],{},[15,15429,13287],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,15432,221],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[403,15435,15437],{"id":15436},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,15439,15440],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[59,15442,2413],{"id":2412},[33,15444,15445,15449,15453,15457,15464,15470],{},[36,15446,15447],{},[646,15448,11751],{"href":13537},[36,15450,15451],{},[646,15452,9662],{"href":13534},[36,15454,15455],{},[646,15456,14302],{"href":14301},[36,15458,15459],{},[646,15460,11244,15461,11248],{"href":14543},[15,15462,15463],{},"update()",[36,15465,15466],{},[646,15467,11244,15468,11248],{"href":13334},[15,15469,11830],{},[36,15471,15472],{},[646,15473,15474],{"href":15396},"How to copy a list in Python",[2459,15476,15477],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":15479},[15480,15481,15483,15484,15485,15486,15488,15494,15495,15496,15505],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":13506,"depth":105,"text":15482},"What the copy() method does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":11984,"depth":105,"text":11985},{"id":13944,"depth":105,"text":13945},{"id":14305,"depth":105,"text":15487},"When to use copy()",{"id":14553,"depth":105,"text":15489,"children":15490},"copy() vs assignment",[15491,15492],{"id":14569,"depth":122,"text":14570},{"id":14777,"depth":122,"text":15493},"Using copy()",{"id":15008,"depth":105,"text":15009},{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":15497},[15498,15500,15502,15504],{"id":15402,"depth":122,"text":15499},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15411,"depth":122,"text":15501},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15421,"depth":122,"text":15503},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15436,"depth":122,"text":15437},{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":13340,"description":15506},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15513,"title":15514,"body":15515,"description":17714,"extension":2511,"meta":17715,"navigation":254,"path":13537,"seo":17716,"stem":17717,"__hash__":17718},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15516,"toc":17676},[15517,15520,15526,15535,15537,15613,15617,15666,15669,15673,15687,15690,15694,15707,15710,15743,15757,15760,15772,15776,15779,15787,15867,15871,15924,15928,15946,15948,16030,16033,16035,16038,16041,16064,16088,16092,16100,16103,16107,16116,16121,16179,16183,16216,16222,16228,16231,16286,16290,16340,16343,16349,16352,16360,16362,16407,16412,16421,16424,16427,16474,16476,16481,16484,16578,16582,16635,16638,16694,16697,16701,16704,16718,16722,16788,16792,16817,16820,16824,16902,16906,16909,16912,16932,16935,16988,16992,16995,16998,17011,17013,17102,17109,17112,17123,17125,17128,17148,17152,17155,17164,17167,17206,17210,17212,17221,17230,17232,17270,17274,17321,17325,17346,17350,17353,17465,17470,17568,17590,17592,17596,17603,17607,17613,17617,17620,17624,17627,17634,17642,17644,17670,17673],[10,15518,15514],{"id":15519},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,15521,15522,15523,15525],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[1194,15524,9638],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,15527,15528,15529,3408,15531,653],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[646,15530,9662],{"href":9661},[646,15532,15534],{"href":15533},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[59,15536,62],{"id":61},[64,15538,15540],{"className":66,"code":15539,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15541,15542,15550,15568,15582,15595,15599,15603],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,15543,15544,15546,15548],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,15545,13374],{"class":216},[73,15547,221],{"class":220},[73,15549,12003],{"class":83},[73,15551,15552,15554,15556,15558,15560,15562,15564,15566],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,15553,12008],{"class":93},[73,15555,8177],{"class":97},[73,15557,94],{"class":93},[73,15559,1063],{"class":83},[73,15561,224],{"class":93},[73,15563,13391],{"class":97},[73,15565,94],{"class":93},[73,15567,12024],{"class":83},[73,15569,15570,15572,15574,15576,15578,15580],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,15571,12008],{"class":93},[73,15573,9804],{"class":97},[73,15575,94],{"class":93},[73,15577,1063],{"class":83},[73,15579,8300],{"class":116},[73,15581,12024],{"class":83},[73,15583,15584,15586,15589,15591,15593],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,15585,12008],{"class":93},[73,15587,15588],{"class":97},"is_active",[73,15590,94],{"class":93},[73,15592,1063],{"class":83},[73,15594,1402],{"class":484},[73,15596,15597],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,15598,9814],{"class":83},[73,15600,15601],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,15602,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,15604,15605,15607,15609,15611],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,15606,80],{"class":79},[73,15608,84],{"class":83},[73,15610,14137],{"class":245},[73,15612,249],{"class":83},[20,15614,15615],{},[1194,15616,148],{},[64,15618,15620],{"className":66,"code":15619,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15621,15622],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,15623,15624,15626,15628,15630,15632,15634,15636,15638,15640,15642,15644,15646,15648,15650,15652,15654,15656,15658,15660,15662,15664],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,15625,999],{"class":83},[73,15627,343],{"class":93},[73,15629,8177],{"class":97},[73,15631,343],{"class":93},[73,15633,1063],{"class":83},[73,15635,337],{"class":93},[73,15637,13391],{"class":97},[73,15639,343],{"class":93},[73,15641,140],{"class":83},[73,15643,337],{"class":93},[73,15645,9804],{"class":97},[73,15647,343],{"class":93},[73,15649,1063],{"class":83},[73,15651,8300],{"class":116},[73,15653,140],{"class":83},[73,15655,337],{"class":93},[73,15657,15588],{"class":97},[73,15659,343],{"class":93},[73,15661,1063],{"class":83},[73,15663,4426],{"class":484},[73,15665,9814],{"class":83},[20,15667,15668],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[59,15670,15672],{"id":15671},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[33,15674,15675,15678,15681,15684],{},[36,15676,15677],{},"What a dictionary is",[36,15679,15680],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[36,15682,15683],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[36,15685,15686],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[59,15688,15677],{"id":15689},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15691,9635,15692,653],{},[1194,15693,9638],{},[33,15695,15696,15702],{},[36,15697,15698,15699,15701],{},"A ",[1194,15700,15350],{}," is the label",[36,15703,15698,15704,15706],{},[1194,15705,967],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15708,15709],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[64,15711,15713],{"className":66,"code":15712,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15714,15715,15723,15739],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,15716,15717,15719,15721],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,15718,13374],{"class":216},[73,15720,221],{"class":220},[73,15722,12003],{"class":83},[73,15724,15725,15727,15729,15731,15733,15735,15737],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,15726,12008],{"class":93},[73,15728,8177],{"class":97},[73,15730,94],{"class":93},[73,15732,1063],{"class":83},[73,15734,224],{"class":93},[73,15736,13391],{"class":97},[73,15738,230],{"class":93},[73,15740,15741],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,15742,9814],{"class":83},[33,15744,15745,15751],{},[36,15746,15747,15750],{},[15,15748,15749],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[36,15752,15753,15756],{},[15,15754,15755],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15758,15759],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[33,15761,15762,15764,15766,15769],{},[36,15763,8177],{},[36,15765,9804],{},[36,15767,15768],{},"email",[36,15770,15771],{},"country",[59,15773,15775],{"id":15774},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15777,15778],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15780,171,15781,15783,15784,653],{},[15,15782,4305],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15785,15786],{},"key: value",[64,15788,15790],{"className":66,"code":15789,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15791,15792,15800,15818,15832,15849,15853,15857],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,15793,15794,15796,15798],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,15795,13374],{"class":216},[73,15797,221],{"class":220},[73,15799,12003],{"class":83},[73,15801,15802,15804,15806,15808,15810,15812,15814,15816],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,15803,12008],{"class":93},[73,15805,8177],{"class":97},[73,15807,94],{"class":93},[73,15809,1063],{"class":83},[73,15811,224],{"class":93},[73,15813,13391],{"class":97},[73,15815,94],{"class":93},[73,15817,12024],{"class":83},[73,15819,15820,15822,15824,15826,15828,15830],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,15821,12008],{"class":93},[73,15823,9804],{"class":97},[73,15825,94],{"class":93},[73,15827,1063],{"class":83},[73,15829,8300],{"class":116},[73,15831,12024],{"class":83},[73,15833,15834,15836,15839,15841,15843,15845,15847],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,15835,12008],{"class":93},[73,15837,15838],{"class":97},"course",[73,15840,94],{"class":93},[73,15842,1063],{"class":83},[73,15844,224],{"class":93},[73,15846,7807],{"class":97},[73,15848,230],{"class":93},[73,15850,15851],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,15852,9814],{"class":83},[73,15854,15855],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,15856,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,15858,15859,15861,15863,15865],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,15860,80],{"class":79},[73,15862,84],{"class":83},[73,15864,14137],{"class":245},[73,15866,249],{"class":83},[20,15868,15869],{},[1194,15870,148],{},[64,15872,15874],{"className":66,"code":15873,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15875,15876],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,15877,15878,15880,15882,15884,15886,15888,15890,15892,15894,15896,15898,15900,15902,15904,15906,15908,15910,15912,15914,15916,15918,15920,15922],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,15879,999],{"class":83},[73,15881,343],{"class":93},[73,15883,8177],{"class":97},[73,15885,343],{"class":93},[73,15887,1063],{"class":83},[73,15889,337],{"class":93},[73,15891,13391],{"class":97},[73,15893,343],{"class":93},[73,15895,140],{"class":83},[73,15897,337],{"class":93},[73,15899,9804],{"class":97},[73,15901,343],{"class":93},[73,15903,1063],{"class":83},[73,15905,8300],{"class":116},[73,15907,140],{"class":83},[73,15909,337],{"class":93},[73,15911,15838],{"class":97},[73,15913,343],{"class":93},[73,15915,1063],{"class":83},[73,15917,337],{"class":93},[73,15919,7807],{"class":97},[73,15921,343],{"class":93},[73,15923,9814],{"class":83},[403,15925,15927],{"id":15926},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[33,15929,15930,15935,15940,15943],{},[36,15931,171,15932,15934],{},[15,15933,4305],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[36,15936,15937,15938],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15939,15786],{},[36,15941,15942],{},"Separate items with commas",[36,15944,15945],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15947,206],{},[64,15949,15951],{"className":66,"code":15950,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15952,15953,15962,15982,15998,16011,16015,16019],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,15954,15955,15958,15960],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,15956,15957],{"class":216},"book ",[73,15959,221],{"class":220},[73,15961,12003],{"class":83},[73,15963,15964,15966,15969,15971,15973,15975,15978,15980],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,15965,12008],{"class":93},[73,15967,15968],{"class":97},"title",[73,15970,94],{"class":93},[73,15972,1063],{"class":83},[73,15974,224],{"class":93},[73,15976,15977],{"class":97},"Python Basics",[73,15979,94],{"class":93},[73,15981,12024],{"class":83},[73,15983,15984,15986,15989,15991,15993,15996],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,15985,12008],{"class":93},[73,15987,15988],{"class":97},"pages",[73,15990,94],{"class":93},[73,15992,1063],{"class":83},[73,15994,15995],{"class":116}," 150",[73,15997,12024],{"class":83},[73,15999,16000,16002,16005,16007,16009],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,16001,12008],{"class":93},[73,16003,16004],{"class":97},"available",[73,16006,94],{"class":93},[73,16008,1063],{"class":83},[73,16010,1402],{"class":484},[73,16012,16013],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,16014,9814],{"class":83},[73,16016,16017],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,16018,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,16020,16021,16023,16025,16028],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,16022,80],{"class":79},[73,16024,84],{"class":83},[73,16026,16027],{"class":245},"book",[73,16029,249],{"class":83},[20,16031,16032],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[59,16034,9908],{"id":9907},[20,16036,16037],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,16039,16040],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[64,16042,16044],{"className":66,"code":16043,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16045,16046,16054],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,16047,16048,16050,16052],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,16049,9672],{"class":216},[73,16051,221],{"class":220},[73,16053,10344],{"class":83},[73,16055,16056,16058,16060,16062],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,16057,80],{"class":79},[73,16059,84],{"class":83},[73,16061,9710],{"class":245},[73,16063,249],{"class":83},[64,16065,16066],{"className":66,"code":9911,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,16067,16068,16078],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,16069,16070,16072,16074,16076],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,16071,9672],{"class":216},[73,16073,221],{"class":220},[73,16075,9677],{"class":87},[73,16077,9151],{"class":83},[73,16079,16080,16082,16084,16086],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,16081,80],{"class":79},[73,16083,84],{"class":83},[73,16085,9710],{"class":245},[73,16087,249],{"class":83},[20,16089,16090],{},[1194,16091,148],{},[64,16093,16094],{"className":66,"code":9940,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,16095,16096],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,16097,16098],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,16099,9940],{"class":83},[20,16101,16102],{},"Both are correct.",[403,16104,16106],{"id":16105},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,16108,16109,16111,16112,16115],{},[15,16110,4305],{}," creates an empty ",[1194,16113,16114],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,16117,16118,16119,653],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,16120,4310],{},[64,16122,16124],{"className":66,"code":16123,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,16125,16126,16134,16146,16150,16164],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,16127,16128,16130,16132],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,16129,12235],{"class":216},[73,16131,221],{"class":220},[73,16133,10344],{"class":83},[73,16135,16136,16139,16141,16144],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,16137,16138],{"class":216},"my_set ",[73,16140,221],{"class":220},[73,16142,16143],{"class":87}," set",[73,16145,9151],{"class":83},[73,16147,16148],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,16149,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,16151,16152,16154,16156,16158,16160,16162],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,16153,80],{"class":79},[73,16155,84],{"class":83},[73,16157,288],{"class":87},[73,16159,84],{"class":83},[73,16161,11959],{"class":245},[73,16163,102],{"class":83},[73,16165,16166,16168,16170,16172,16174,16177],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,16167,80],{"class":79},[73,16169,84],{"class":83},[73,16171,288],{"class":87},[73,16173,84],{"class":83},[73,16175,16176],{"class":245},"my_set",[73,16178,102],{"class":83},[20,16180,16181],{},[1194,16182,148],{},[64,16184,16186],{"className":66,"code":16185,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,16187,16188,16202],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,16189,16190,16192,16194,16196,16198,16200],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,16191,330],{"class":220},[73,16193,334],{"class":333},[73,16195,337],{"class":93},[73,16197,9330],{"class":97},[73,16199,343],{"class":93},[73,16201,346],{"class":220},[73,16203,16204,16206,16208,16210,16212,16214],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,16205,330],{"class":220},[73,16207,334],{"class":333},[73,16209,337],{"class":93},[73,16211,6798],{"class":97},[73,16213,343],{"class":93},[73,16215,346],{"class":220},[59,16217,16219,16220],{"id":16218},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,16221,9626],{},[20,16223,16224,16225,16227],{},"You can also use ",[15,16226,9626],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,16229,16230],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[64,16232,16234],{"className":66,"code":16233,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,16235,16236,16276],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,16237,16238,16240,16242,16244,16246,16248,16250,16252,16254,16256,16258,16260,16262,16265,16267,16270,16272,16274],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,16239,13374],{"class":216},[73,16241,221],{"class":220},[73,16243,9677],{"class":87},[73,16245,84],{"class":83},[73,16247,8177],{"class":9682},[73,16249,221],{"class":220},[73,16251,94],{"class":93},[73,16253,13391],{"class":97},[73,16255,94],{"class":93},[73,16257,140],{"class":83},[73,16259,9695],{"class":9682},[73,16261,221],{"class":220},[73,16263,16264],{"class":116},"20",[73,16266,140],{"class":83},[73,16268,16269],{"class":9682}," active",[73,16271,221],{"class":220},[73,16273,430],{"class":484},[73,16275,249],{"class":83},[73,16277,16278,16280,16282,16284],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,16279,80],{"class":79},[73,16281,84],{"class":83},[73,16283,14137],{"class":245},[73,16285,249],{"class":83},[20,16287,16288],{},[1194,16289,148],{},[64,16291,16293],{"className":66,"code":16292,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,16294,16295],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,16296,16297,16299,16301,16303,16305,16307,16309,16311,16313,16315,16317,16319,16321,16323,16325,16327,16329,16332,16334,16336,16338],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,16298,999],{"class":83},[73,16300,343],{"class":93},[73,16302,8177],{"class":97},[73,16304,343],{"class":93},[73,16306,1063],{"class":83},[73,16308,337],{"class":93},[73,16310,13391],{"class":97},[73,16312,343],{"class":93},[73,16314,140],{"class":83},[73,16316,337],{"class":93},[73,16318,9804],{"class":97},[73,16320,343],{"class":93},[73,16322,1063],{"class":83},[73,16324,8300],{"class":116},[73,16326,140],{"class":83},[73,16328,337],{"class":93},[73,16330,16331],{"class":97},"active",[73,16333,343],{"class":93},[73,16335,1063],{"class":83},[73,16337,4426],{"class":484},[73,16339,9814],{"class":83},[20,16341,16342],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[403,16344,16346,16347],{"id":16345},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,16348,9626],{},[20,16350,16351],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[33,16353,16354,16357],{},[36,16355,16356],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[36,16358,16359],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,16361,7197],{},[64,16363,16365],{"className":66,"code":16364,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,16366,16367,16397],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,16368,16369,16371,16373,16375,16377,16379,16381,16383,16385,16387,16389,16391,16393,16395],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,16370,11998],{"class":216},[73,16372,221],{"class":220},[73,16374,9677],{"class":87},[73,16376,84],{"class":83},[73,16378,8177],{"class":9682},[73,16380,221],{"class":220},[73,16382,94],{"class":93},[73,16384,8186],{"class":97},[73,16386,94],{"class":93},[73,16388,140],{"class":83},[73,16390,9695],{"class":9682},[73,16392,221],{"class":220},[73,16394,227],{"class":116},[73,16396,249],{"class":83},[73,16398,16399,16401,16403,16405],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,16400,80],{"class":79},[73,16402,84],{"class":83},[73,16404,12092],{"class":245},[73,16406,249],{"class":83},[20,16408,5141,16409,16411],{},[1194,16410,1196],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[64,16413,16415],{"className":66,"code":16414,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,16416,16417],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,16418,16419],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,16420,16414],{"class":769},[20,16422,16423],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,16425,16426],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[64,16428,16430],{"className":66,"code":16429,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,16431,16432,16440,16456,16460,16464],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,16433,16434,16436,16438],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,16435,11998],{"class":216},[73,16437,221],{"class":220},[73,16439,12003],{"class":83},[73,16441,16442,16444,16446,16448,16450,16452,16454],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,16443,12008],{"class":93},[73,16445,11002],{"class":97},[73,16447,94],{"class":93},[73,16449,1063],{"class":83},[73,16451,224],{"class":93},[73,16453,8186],{"class":97},[73,16455,230],{"class":93},[73,16457,16458],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,16459,9814],{"class":83},[73,16461,16462],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,16463,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,16465,16466,16468,16470,16472],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,16467,80],{"class":79},[73,16469,84],{"class":83},[73,16471,12092],{"class":245},[73,16473,249],{"class":83},[59,16475,9950],{"id":9949},[20,16477,16478,16480],{},[15,16479,9626],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,16482,16483],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[64,16485,16487],{"className":66,"code":16486,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16488,16489,16546,16550,16564,16568],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,16490,16491,16493,16495,16497,16499,16501,16503,16505,16507,16509,16511,16513,16515,16517,16519,16521,16523,16525,16527,16529,16531,16533,16535,16537,16539,16542,16544],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,16492,9721],{"class":216},[73,16494,221],{"class":220},[73,16496,9726],{"class":83},[73,16498,94],{"class":93},[73,16500,8177],{"class":97},[73,16502,94],{"class":93},[73,16504,140],{"class":83},[73,16506,224],{"class":93},[73,16508,13391],{"class":97},[73,16510,94],{"class":93},[73,16512,9739],{"class":83},[73,16514,9742],{"class":83},[73,16516,94],{"class":93},[73,16518,9804],{"class":97},[73,16520,94],{"class":93},[73,16522,140],{"class":83},[73,16524,8300],{"class":116},[73,16526,9739],{"class":83},[73,16528,9742],{"class":83},[73,16530,94],{"class":93},[73,16532,10915],{"class":97},[73,16534,94],{"class":93},[73,16536,140],{"class":83},[73,16538,224],{"class":93},[73,16540,16541],{"class":97},"Lima",[73,16543,94],{"class":93},[73,16545,9755],{"class":83},[73,16547,16548],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,16549,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,16551,16552,16554,16556,16558,16560,16562],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,16553,13374],{"class":216},[73,16555,221],{"class":220},[73,16557,9677],{"class":87},[73,16559,84],{"class":83},[73,16561,9768],{"class":245},[73,16563,249],{"class":83},[73,16565,16566],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,16567,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,16569,16570,16572,16574,16576],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,16571,80],{"class":79},[73,16573,84],{"class":83},[73,16575,14137],{"class":245},[73,16577,249],{"class":83},[20,16579,16580],{},[1194,16581,148],{},[64,16583,16585],{"className":66,"code":16584,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16586,16587],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,16588,16589,16591,16593,16595,16597,16599,16601,16603,16605,16607,16609,16611,16613,16615,16617,16619,16621,16623,16625,16627,16629,16631,16633],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,16590,999],{"class":83},[73,16592,343],{"class":93},[73,16594,8177],{"class":97},[73,16596,343],{"class":93},[73,16598,1063],{"class":83},[73,16600,337],{"class":93},[73,16602,13391],{"class":97},[73,16604,343],{"class":93},[73,16606,140],{"class":83},[73,16608,337],{"class":93},[73,16610,9804],{"class":97},[73,16612,343],{"class":93},[73,16614,1063],{"class":83},[73,16616,8300],{"class":116},[73,16618,140],{"class":83},[73,16620,337],{"class":93},[73,16622,10915],{"class":97},[73,16624,343],{"class":93},[73,16626,1063],{"class":83},[73,16628,337],{"class":93},[73,16630,16541],{"class":97},[73,16632,343],{"class":93},[73,16634,9814],{"class":83},[20,16636,16637],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[64,16639,16641],{"className":66,"code":16640,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16642,16643,16684],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,16644,16645,16647,16649,16651,16654,16656,16658,16660,16662,16664,16666,16668,16670,16672,16674,16676,16678,16680,16682],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,16646,13374],{"class":216},[73,16648,221],{"class":220},[73,16650,9677],{"class":87},[73,16652,16653],{"class":83},"(((",[73,16655,94],{"class":93},[73,16657,8177],{"class":97},[73,16659,94],{"class":93},[73,16661,140],{"class":83},[73,16663,224],{"class":93},[73,16665,13391],{"class":97},[73,16667,94],{"class":93},[73,16669,9739],{"class":83},[73,16671,9742],{"class":83},[73,16673,94],{"class":93},[73,16675,9804],{"class":97},[73,16677,94],{"class":93},[73,16679,140],{"class":83},[73,16681,8300],{"class":116},[73,16683,1784],{"class":83},[73,16685,16686,16688,16690,16692],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,16687,80],{"class":79},[73,16689,84],{"class":83},[73,16691,14137],{"class":245},[73,16693,249],{"class":83},[20,16695,16696],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[59,16698,16700],{"id":16699},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16702,16703],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[33,16705,16706,16709,16712,16715],{},[36,16707,16708],{},"Keys must be unique",[36,16710,16711],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[36,16713,16714],{},"Values can repeat",[36,16716,16717],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[403,16719,16721],{"id":16720},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[64,16723,16725],{"className":66,"code":16724,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16726,16727,16735,16753,16770,16774,16778],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,16728,16729,16731,16733],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,16730,9672],{"class":216},[73,16732,221],{"class":220},[73,16734,12003],{"class":83},[73,16736,16737,16739,16741,16743,16745,16747,16749,16751],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,16738,12008],{"class":93},[73,16740,8177],{"class":97},[73,16742,94],{"class":93},[73,16744,1063],{"class":83},[73,16746,224],{"class":93},[73,16748,13391],{"class":97},[73,16750,94],{"class":93},[73,16752,12024],{"class":83},[73,16754,16755,16757,16759,16761,16763,16765,16768],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,16756,12008],{"class":93},[73,16758,8177],{"class":97},[73,16760,94],{"class":93},[73,16762,1063],{"class":83},[73,16764,224],{"class":93},[73,16766,16767],{"class":97},"Maria",[73,16769,230],{"class":93},[73,16771,16772],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,16773,9814],{"class":83},[73,16775,16776],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,16777,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,16779,16780,16782,16784,16786],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,16781,80],{"class":79},[73,16783,84],{"class":83},[73,16785,9710],{"class":245},[73,16787,249],{"class":83},[20,16789,16790],{},[1194,16791,148],{},[64,16793,16795],{"className":66,"code":16794,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16796,16797],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,16798,16799,16801,16803,16805,16807,16809,16811,16813,16815],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,16800,999],{"class":83},[73,16802,343],{"class":93},[73,16804,8177],{"class":97},[73,16806,343],{"class":93},[73,16808,1063],{"class":83},[73,16810,337],{"class":93},[73,16812,16767],{"class":97},[73,16814,343],{"class":93},[73,16816,9814],{"class":83},[20,16818,16819],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[403,16821,16823],{"id":16822},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[64,16825,16827],{"className":66,"code":16826,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16828,16829,16837,16853,16869,16883,16887,16891],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,16830,16831,16833,16835],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,16832,5577],{"class":216},[73,16834,221],{"class":220},[73,16836,12003],{"class":83},[73,16838,16839,16842,16844,16846,16849,16851],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,16840,16841],{"class":116},"    1",[73,16843,1063],{"class":83},[73,16845,224],{"class":93},[73,16847,16848],{"class":97},"low",[73,16850,94],{"class":93},[73,16852,12024],{"class":83},[73,16854,16855,16858,16860,16862,16865,16867],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,16856,16857],{"class":116},"    2",[73,16859,1063],{"class":83},[73,16861,224],{"class":93},[73,16863,16864],{"class":97},"medium",[73,16866,94],{"class":93},[73,16868,12024],{"class":83},[73,16870,16871,16874,16876,16878,16881],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,16872,16873],{"class":116},"    3",[73,16875,1063],{"class":83},[73,16877,224],{"class":93},[73,16879,16880],{"class":97},"high",[73,16882,230],{"class":93},[73,16884,16885],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,16886,9814],{"class":83},[73,16888,16889],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,16890,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,16892,16893,16895,16897,16900],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,16894,80],{"class":79},[73,16896,84],{"class":83},[73,16898,16899],{"class":245},"scores",[73,16901,249],{"class":83},[403,16903,16905],{"id":16904},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16907,16908],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16910,16911],{},"This will cause an error:",[64,16913,16915],{"className":66,"code":16914,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16916,16917,16922,16927],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,16918,16919],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,16920,16921],{"class":769},"# bad = {\n",[73,16923,16924],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,16925,16926],{"class":769},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[73,16928,16929],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,16930,16931],{"class":769},"# }\n",[20,16933,16934],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[64,16936,16938],{"className":66,"code":16937,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16939,16940,16949,16969,16973,16977],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,16941,16942,16945,16947],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,16943,16944],{"class":216},"good ",[73,16946,221],{"class":220},[73,16948,12003],{"class":83},[73,16950,16951,16954,16956,16958,16960,16963,16965,16967],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,16952,16953],{"class":83},"    (",[73,16955,2397],{"class":116},[73,16957,140],{"class":83},[73,16959,143],{"class":116},[73,16961,16962],{"class":83},"):",[73,16964,224],{"class":93},[73,16966,4164],{"class":97},[73,16968,230],{"class":93},[73,16970,16971],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,16972,9814],{"class":83},[73,16974,16975],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,16976,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,16978,16979,16981,16983,16986],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,16980,80],{"class":79},[73,16982,84],{"class":83},[73,16984,16985],{"class":245},"good",[73,16987,249],{"class":83},[59,16989,16991],{"id":16990},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16993,16994],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16996,16997],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[33,16999,17000,17003,17005,17008],{},[36,17001,17002],{},"user data",[36,17004,14396],{},[36,17006,17007],{},"counters",[36,17009,17010],{},"lookups",[20,17012,206],{},[64,17014,17016],{"className":66,"code":17015,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,17017,17018,17026,17045,17064,17076,17080,17084],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,17019,17020,17022,17024],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,17021,11998],{"class":216},[73,17023,221],{"class":220},[73,17025,12003],{"class":83},[73,17027,17028,17030,17032,17034,17036,17038,17041,17043],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,17029,12008],{"class":93},[73,17031,8496],{"class":97},[73,17033,94],{"class":93},[73,17035,1063],{"class":83},[73,17037,224],{"class":93},[73,17039,17040],{"class":97},"ana123",[73,17042,94],{"class":93},[73,17044,12024],{"class":83},[73,17046,17047,17049,17051,17053,17055,17057,17060,17062],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,17048,12008],{"class":93},[73,17050,15768],{"class":97},[73,17052,94],{"class":93},[73,17054,1063],{"class":83},[73,17056,224],{"class":93},[73,17058,17059],{"class":97},"ana@example.com",[73,17061,94],{"class":93},[73,17063,12024],{"class":83},[73,17065,17066,17068,17070,17072,17074],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,17067,12008],{"class":93},[73,17069,13026],{"class":97},[73,17071,94],{"class":93},[73,17073,1063],{"class":83},[73,17075,1402],{"class":484},[73,17077,17078],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,17079,9814],{"class":83},[73,17081,17082],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,17083,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,17085,17086,17088,17090,17092,17094,17096,17098,17100],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,17087,80],{"class":79},[73,17089,84],{"class":83},[73,17091,12092],{"class":245},[73,17093,4410],{"class":83},[73,17095,94],{"class":93},[73,17097,15768],{"class":97},[73,17099,94],{"class":93},[73,17101,4398],{"class":83},[20,17103,17104,17105,653],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[646,17106,17108],{"href":17107},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,17110,17111],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[33,17113,17114,17117,17120],{},[36,17115,17116],{},"labels are not needed",[36,17118,17119],{},"you mostly care about position",[36,17121,17122],{},"order matters more than named fields",[59,17124,2102],{"id":2101},[20,17126,17127],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[33,17129,17130,17133,17136,17139,17142],{},[36,17131,17132],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[36,17134,17135],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[36,17137,17138],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[36,17140,17141],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[36,17143,17144,17145,17147],{},"Mixing up ",[15,17146,4305],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[403,17149,17151],{"id":17150},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,17153,17154],{},"Wrong:",[64,17156,17158],{"className":66,"code":17157,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,17159,17160],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,17161,17162],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,17163,17157],{"class":769},[20,17165,17166],{},"Correct:",[64,17168,17170],{"className":66,"code":17169,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,17171,17172,17196],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,17173,17174,17176,17178,17180,17182,17184,17186,17188,17190,17192,17194],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,17175,13374],{"class":216},[73,17177,221],{"class":220},[73,17179,10997],{"class":83},[73,17181,94],{"class":93},[73,17183,8177],{"class":97},[73,17185,94],{"class":93},[73,17187,1063],{"class":83},[73,17189,224],{"class":93},[73,17191,13391],{"class":97},[73,17193,94],{"class":93},[73,17195,9814],{"class":83},[73,17197,17198,17200,17202,17204],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,17199,80],{"class":79},[73,17201,84],{"class":83},[73,17203,14137],{"class":245},[73,17205,249],{"class":83},[403,17207,17209],{"id":17208},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,17211,17154],{},[64,17213,17215],{"className":66,"code":17214,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,17216,17217],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,17218,17219],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,17220,17214],{"class":769},[20,17222,17223,17224,17226,17227,17229],{},"This only works if ",[15,17225,8177],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,17228,15749],{},", use quotes.",[20,17231,17166],{},[64,17233,17234],{"className":66,"code":17169,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,17235,17236,17260],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,17237,17238,17240,17242,17244,17246,17248,17250,17252,17254,17256,17258],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,17239,13374],{"class":216},[73,17241,221],{"class":220},[73,17243,10997],{"class":83},[73,17245,94],{"class":93},[73,17247,8177],{"class":97},[73,17249,94],{"class":93},[73,17251,1063],{"class":83},[73,17253,224],{"class":93},[73,17255,13391],{"class":97},[73,17257,94],{"class":93},[73,17259,9814],{"class":83},[73,17261,17262,17264,17266,17268],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,17263,80],{"class":79},[73,17265,84],{"class":83},[73,17267,14137],{"class":245},[73,17269,249],{"class":83},[403,17271,17273],{"id":17272},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[64,17275,17277],{"className":66,"code":17276,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,17278,17279,17311],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,17280,17281,17283,17285,17287,17289,17291,17293,17295,17297,17299,17301,17303,17305,17307,17309],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,17282,9672],{"class":216},[73,17284,221],{"class":220},[73,17286,10997],{"class":83},[73,17288,94],{"class":93},[73,17290,9804],{"class":97},[73,17292,94],{"class":93},[73,17294,1063],{"class":83},[73,17296,8300],{"class":116},[73,17298,140],{"class":83},[73,17300,224],{"class":93},[73,17302,9804],{"class":97},[73,17304,94],{"class":93},[73,17306,1063],{"class":83},[73,17308,8305],{"class":116},[73,17310,9814],{"class":83},[73,17312,17313,17315,17317,17319],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,17314,80],{"class":79},[73,17316,84],{"class":83},[73,17318,9710],{"class":245},[73,17320,249],{"class":83},[20,17322,17323],{},[1194,17324,148],{},[64,17326,17328],{"className":66,"code":17327,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,17329,17330],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,17331,17332,17334,17336,17338,17340,17342,17344],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,17333,999],{"class":83},[73,17335,343],{"class":93},[73,17337,9804],{"class":97},[73,17339,343],{"class":93},[73,17341,1063],{"class":83},[73,17343,8305],{"class":116},[73,17345,9814],{"class":83},[59,17347,17349],{"id":17348},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,17351,17352],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[64,17354,17356],{"className":66,"code":17355,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,17357,17358,17394,17398,17408,17422,17437,17451],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,17359,17360,17362,17364,17366,17368,17370,17372,17374,17376,17378,17380,17382,17384,17386,17388,17390,17392],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,17361,12235],{"class":216},[73,17363,221],{"class":220},[73,17365,10997],{"class":83},[73,17367,94],{"class":93},[73,17369,8177],{"class":97},[73,17371,94],{"class":93},[73,17373,1063],{"class":83},[73,17375,224],{"class":93},[73,17377,13391],{"class":97},[73,17379,94],{"class":93},[73,17381,140],{"class":83},[73,17383,224],{"class":93},[73,17385,9804],{"class":97},[73,17387,94],{"class":93},[73,17389,1063],{"class":83},[73,17391,8300],{"class":116},[73,17393,9814],{"class":83},[73,17395,17396],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,17397,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,17399,17400,17402,17404,17406],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,17401,80],{"class":79},[73,17403,84],{"class":83},[73,17405,11959],{"class":245},[73,17407,249],{"class":83},[73,17409,17410,17412,17414,17416,17418,17420],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,17411,80],{"class":79},[73,17413,84],{"class":83},[73,17415,288],{"class":87},[73,17417,84],{"class":83},[73,17419,11959],{"class":245},[73,17421,102],{"class":83},[73,17423,17424,17426,17428,17430,17432,17435],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,17425,80],{"class":79},[73,17427,84],{"class":83},[73,17429,11959],{"class":245},[73,17431,653],{"class":83},[73,17433,17434],{"class":245},"keys",[73,17436,7704],{"class":83},[73,17438,17439,17441,17443,17445,17447,17449],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,17440,80],{"class":79},[73,17442,84],{"class":83},[73,17444,11959],{"class":245},[73,17446,653],{"class":83},[73,17448,5871],{"class":245},[73,17450,7704],{"class":83},[73,17452,17453,17455,17457,17459,17461,17463],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,17454,80],{"class":79},[73,17456,84],{"class":83},[73,17458,11670],{"class":79},[73,17460,84],{"class":83},[73,17462,11959],{"class":245},[73,17464,102],{"class":83},[20,17466,17467],{},[1194,17468,17469],{},"Example output:",[64,17471,17473],{"className":66,"code":17472,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,17474,17475,17507,17521,17544,17563],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,17476,17477,17479,17481,17483,17485,17487,17489,17491,17493,17495,17497,17499,17501,17503,17505],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,17478,999],{"class":83},[73,17480,343],{"class":93},[73,17482,8177],{"class":97},[73,17484,343],{"class":93},[73,17486,1063],{"class":83},[73,17488,337],{"class":93},[73,17490,13391],{"class":97},[73,17492,343],{"class":93},[73,17494,140],{"class":83},[73,17496,337],{"class":93},[73,17498,9804],{"class":97},[73,17500,343],{"class":93},[73,17502,1063],{"class":83},[73,17504,8300],{"class":116},[73,17506,9814],{"class":83},[73,17508,17509,17511,17513,17515,17517,17519],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,17510,330],{"class":220},[73,17512,334],{"class":333},[73,17514,337],{"class":93},[73,17516,9330],{"class":97},[73,17518,343],{"class":93},[73,17520,346],{"class":220},[73,17522,17523,17526,17528,17530,17532,17534,17536,17538,17540,17542],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,17524,17525],{"class":245},"dict_keys",[73,17527,3510],{"class":83},[73,17529,343],{"class":93},[73,17531,8177],{"class":97},[73,17533,343],{"class":93},[73,17535,140],{"class":83},[73,17537,337],{"class":93},[73,17539,9804],{"class":97},[73,17541,343],{"class":93},[73,17543,4398],{"class":83},[73,17545,17546,17549,17551,17553,17555,17557,17559,17561],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,17547,17548],{"class":245},"dict_values",[73,17550,3510],{"class":83},[73,17552,343],{"class":93},[73,17554,13391],{"class":97},[73,17556,343],{"class":93},[73,17558,140],{"class":83},[73,17560,8300],{"class":116},[73,17562,4398],{"class":83},[73,17564,17565],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,17566,17567],{"class":116},"2\n",[20,17569,17570,17571,2728,17577,17583,17584,653],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[646,17572,11244,17574],{"href":17573},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,17575,17576],{},"keys()",[646,17578,11244,17580],{"href":17579},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,17581,17582],{},"values()",", and ",[646,17585,11244,17587],{"href":17586},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,17588,17589],{},"items()",[59,17591,2350],{"id":2349},[403,17593,17595],{"id":17594},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17597,171,17598,3408,17600,17602],{},[15,17599,4305],{},[15,17601,9626],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[403,17604,17606],{"id":17605},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17608,17609,17610,653],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17611,17612],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[403,17614,17616],{"id":17615},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17618,17619],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[403,17621,17623],{"id":17622},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17625,17626],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[403,17628,5691,17630,1647,17632,3023],{"id":17629},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17631,4305],{},[15,17633,9626],{},[20,17635,17636,17638,17639,17641],{},[15,17637,4305],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17640,9626],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[59,17643,2413],{"id":2412},[33,17645,17646,17650,17656,17660,17666],{},[36,17647,17648],{},[646,17649,9662],{"href":9661},[36,17651,17652],{},[646,17653,11244,17654,11248],{"href":11243},[15,17655,11247],{},[36,17657,17658],{},[646,17659,11760],{"href":11238},[36,17661,17662],{},[646,17663,17665],{"href":17664},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[36,17667,17668],{},[646,17669,11771],{"href":11582},[20,17671,17672],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2459,17674,17675],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code 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var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":17677},[17678,17679,17680,17681,17684,17687,17692,17693,17698,17699,17704,17705,17713],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":15671,"depth":105,"text":15672},{"id":15689,"depth":105,"text":15677},{"id":15774,"depth":105,"text":15775,"children":17682},[17683],{"id":15926,"depth":122,"text":15927},{"id":9907,"depth":105,"text":9908,"children":17685},[17686],{"id":16105,"depth":122,"text":16106},{"id":16218,"depth":105,"text":17688,"children":17689},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17690],{"id":16345,"depth":122,"text":17691},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9949,"depth":105,"text":9950},{"id":16699,"depth":105,"text":16700,"children":17694},[17695,17696,17697],{"id":16720,"depth":122,"text":16721},{"id":16822,"depth":122,"text":16823},{"id":16904,"depth":122,"text":16905},{"id":16990,"depth":105,"text":16991},{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102,"children":17700},[17701,17702,17703],{"id":17150,"depth":122,"text":17151},{"id":17208,"depth":122,"text":17209},{"id":17272,"depth":122,"text":17273},{"id":17348,"depth":105,"text":17349},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":17706},[17707,17708,17709,17710,17711],{"id":17594,"depth":122,"text":17595},{"id":17605,"depth":122,"text":17606},{"id":17615,"depth":122,"text":17616},{"id":17622,"depth":122,"text":17623},{"id":17629,"depth":122,"text":17712},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15514,"description":17714},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17720,"title":17721,"body":17722,"description":20172,"extension":2511,"meta":20173,"navigation":254,"path":20174,"seo":20175,"stem":20176,"__hash__":20177},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17723,"toc":20128},[17724,17730,17736,17739,17742,17744,17826,17832,17837,17841,17859,17871,17876,17880,17903,17907,17919,17927,17931,17937,17939,17942,18017,18019,18064,18066,18083,18088,18094,18099,18173,18175,18220,18223,18234,18236,18355,18357,18410,18417,18421,18424,18441,18447,18451,18549,18551,18603,18610,18614,18620,18623,18626,18653,18658,18662,18665,18769,18771,18816,18819,18822,18827,18832,18843,18845,18906,18966,18972,18980,18986,18991,18996,19056,19060,19127,19130,19134,19205,19208,19221,19228,19230,19234,19238,19309,19311,19348,19351,19353,19416,19423,19426,19468,19478,19481,19550,19556,19561,19645,19647,19696,19703,19709,19754,19756,19789,19794,19798,19804,19843,19887,19955,19998,20000,20006,20009,20013,20018,20022,20025,20029,20031,20092,20094,20120,20125],[10,17725,11827,17727,11831],{"id":17726},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17728,17729],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17731,17732,17735],{},[15,17733,17734],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17737,17738],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17740,17741],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[59,17743,62],{"id":61},[64,17745,17747],{"className":66,"code":17746,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17748,17749,17782,17810,17821],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,17750,17751,17754,17756,17758,17760,17762,17764,17766,17768,17770,17772,17774,17776,17778,17780],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,17752,17753],{"class":216},"keys ",[73,17755,221],{"class":220},[73,17757,891],{"class":83},[73,17759,94],{"class":93},[73,17761,8177],{"class":97},[73,17763,94],{"class":93},[73,17765,140],{"class":83},[73,17767,224],{"class":93},[73,17769,9804],{"class":97},[73,17771,94],{"class":93},[73,17773,140],{"class":83},[73,17775,224],{"class":93},[73,17777,10915],{"class":97},[73,17779,94],{"class":93},[73,17781,924],{"class":83},[73,17783,17784,17786,17788,17790,17792,17795,17797,17799,17801,17803,17806,17808],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,17785,13715],{"class":216},[73,17787,221],{"class":220},[73,17789,9677],{"class":87},[73,17791,653],{"class":83},[73,17793,17794],{"class":245},"fromkeys",[73,17796,84],{"class":83},[73,17798,17434],{"class":245},[73,17800,140],{"class":83},[73,17802,224],{"class":93},[73,17804,17805],{"class":97},"unknown",[73,17807,94],{"class":93},[73,17809,249],{"class":83},[73,17811,17812,17814,17816,17819],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,17813,80],{"class":79},[73,17815,84],{"class":83},[73,17817,17818],{"class":245},"person",[73,17820,249],{"class":83},[73,17822,17823],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,17824,17825],{"class":769},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17827,171,17828,17831],{},[15,17829,17830],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[59,17833,178,17835,181],{"id":17834},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17836,17734],{},[20,17838,17839,1063],{},[15,17840,17734],{},[33,17842,17843,17846,17849,17852],{},[36,17844,17845],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[36,17847,17848],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[36,17850,17851],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[36,17853,17854,17855,17858],{},"Is called as ",[15,17856,17857],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17860,17861,17862,17864,17865,17867,17868,653],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17863,9330],{},", so you write ",[15,17866,17857],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17869,17870],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17872,17873,17874,653],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[646,17875,9662],{"href":13534},[59,17877,17879],{"id":17878},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[64,17881,17883],{"className":66,"code":17882,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17884,17885],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,17886,17887,17889,17891,17893,17895,17897,17899,17901],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,17888,9330],{"class":87},[73,17890,653],{"class":83},[73,17892,17794],{"class":245},[73,17894,84],{"class":83},[73,17896,4235],{"class":245},[73,17898,140],{"class":83},[73,17900,8942],{"class":245},[73,17902,249],{"class":83},[403,17904,17906],{"id":17905},"parameters","Parameters",[33,17908,17909,17914],{},[36,17910,17911,17913],{},[15,17912,4235],{},": the keys to use",[36,17915,17916,17918],{},[15,17917,967],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17920,17921,17922,17924,17925,653],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17923,967],{},", each key gets ",[15,17926,1842],{},[403,17928,17930],{"id":17929},"return-value","Return value",[20,17932,17933,17934,653],{},"It returns a ",[1194,17935,17936],{},"new dictionary",[59,17938,6299],{"id":6298},[20,17940,17941],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[64,17943,17945],{"className":66,"code":17944,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17946,17947,17980,18002,18006],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,17948,17949,17951,17953,17955,17957,17959,17961,17963,17965,17968,17970,17972,17974,17976,17978],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,17950,17753],{"class":216},[73,17952,221],{"class":220},[73,17954,891],{"class":83},[73,17956,94],{"class":93},[73,17958,13603],{"class":97},[73,17960,94],{"class":93},[73,17962,140],{"class":83},[73,17964,224],{"class":93},[73,17966,17967],{"class":97},"green",[73,17969,94],{"class":93},[73,17971,140],{"class":83},[73,17973,224],{"class":93},[73,17975,13620],{"class":97},[73,17977,94],{"class":93},[73,17979,924],{"class":83},[73,17981,17982,17984,17986,17988,17990,17992,17994,17996,17998,18000],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,17983,13586],{"class":216},[73,17985,221],{"class":220},[73,17987,9677],{"class":87},[73,17989,653],{"class":83},[73,17991,17794],{"class":245},[73,17993,84],{"class":83},[73,17995,17434],{"class":245},[73,17997,140],{"class":83},[73,17999,4345],{"class":116},[73,18001,249],{"class":83},[73,18003,18004],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,18005,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,18007,18008,18010,18012,18015],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,18009,80],{"class":79},[73,18011,84],{"class":83},[73,18013,18014],{"class":245},"colors",[73,18016,249],{"class":83},[20,18018,148],{},[64,18020,18022],{"className":66,"code":18021,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,18023,18024],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,18025,18026,18028,18030,18032,18034,18036,18038,18040,18042,18044,18046,18048,18050,18052,18054,18056,18058,18060,18062],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,18027,999],{"class":83},[73,18029,343],{"class":93},[73,18031,13603],{"class":97},[73,18033,343],{"class":93},[73,18035,1063],{"class":83},[73,18037,4345],{"class":116},[73,18039,140],{"class":83},[73,18041,337],{"class":93},[73,18043,17967],{"class":97},[73,18045,343],{"class":93},[73,18047,1063],{"class":83},[73,18049,4345],{"class":116},[73,18051,140],{"class":83},[73,18053,337],{"class":93},[73,18055,13620],{"class":97},[73,18057,343],{"class":93},[73,18059,1063],{"class":83},[73,18061,4345],{"class":116},[73,18063,9814],{"class":83},[20,18065,12194],{},[33,18067,18068,18073,18078],{},[36,18069,18070,18072],{},[15,18071,17434],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[36,18074,18075,18077],{},[15,18076,806],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[36,18079,18080,18082],{},[15,18081,17734],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,18084,18085,18086,653],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[646,18087,9897],{"href":13537},[59,18089,657,18091,18093],{"id":18090},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,18092,17729],{}," without a value",[20,18095,18096,18097,653],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,18098,1842],{},[64,18100,18102],{"className":66,"code":18101,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,18103,18104,18138,18158,18162],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,18105,18106,18109,18111,18113,18115,18117,18119,18121,18123,18125,18127,18129,18131,18134,18136],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,18107,18108],{"class":216},"fields ",[73,18110,221],{"class":220},[73,18112,891],{"class":83},[73,18114,94],{"class":93},[73,18116,8496],{"class":97},[73,18118,94],{"class":93},[73,18120,140],{"class":83},[73,18122,224],{"class":93},[73,18124,15768],{"class":97},[73,18126,94],{"class":93},[73,18128,140],{"class":83},[73,18130,224],{"class":93},[73,18132,18133],{"class":97},"password",[73,18135,94],{"class":93},[73,18137,924],{"class":83},[73,18139,18140,18143,18145,18147,18149,18151,18153,18156],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,18141,18142],{"class":216},"user_data ",[73,18144,221],{"class":220},[73,18146,9677],{"class":87},[73,18148,653],{"class":83},[73,18150,17794],{"class":245},[73,18152,84],{"class":83},[73,18154,18155],{"class":245},"fields",[73,18157,249],{"class":83},[73,18159,18160],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,18161,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,18163,18164,18166,18168,18171],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,18165,80],{"class":79},[73,18167,84],{"class":83},[73,18169,18170],{"class":245},"user_data",[73,18172,249],{"class":83},[20,18174,148],{},[64,18176,18178],{"className":66,"code":18177,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,18179,18180],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,18181,18182,18184,18186,18188,18190,18192,18194,18196,18198,18200,18202,18204,18206,18208,18210,18212,18214,18216,18218],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,18183,999],{"class":83},[73,18185,343],{"class":93},[73,18187,8496],{"class":97},[73,18189,343],{"class":93},[73,18191,1063],{"class":83},[73,18193,4364],{"class":484},[73,18195,140],{"class":83},[73,18197,337],{"class":93},[73,18199,15768],{"class":97},[73,18201,343],{"class":93},[73,18203,1063],{"class":83},[73,18205,4364],{"class":484},[73,18207,140],{"class":83},[73,18209,337],{"class":93},[73,18211,18133],{"class":97},[73,18213,343],{"class":93},[73,18215,1063],{"class":83},[73,18217,4364],{"class":484},[73,18219,9814],{"class":83},[20,18221,18222],{},"This is useful when:",[33,18224,18225,18228,18231],{},[36,18226,18227],{},"You want to create the keys first",[36,18229,18230],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[36,18232,18233],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,18235,206],{},[64,18237,18239],{"className":66,"code":18238,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,18240,18241,18273,18291,18295,18318,18341,18345],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,18242,18243,18245,18247,18249,18251,18253,18255,18257,18259,18261,18263,18265,18267,18269,18271],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,18244,18108],{"class":216},[73,18246,221],{"class":220},[73,18248,891],{"class":83},[73,18250,94],{"class":93},[73,18252,8496],{"class":97},[73,18254,94],{"class":93},[73,18256,140],{"class":83},[73,18258,224],{"class":93},[73,18260,15768],{"class":97},[73,18262,94],{"class":93},[73,18264,140],{"class":83},[73,18266,224],{"class":93},[73,18268,18133],{"class":97},[73,18270,94],{"class":93},[73,18272,924],{"class":83},[73,18274,18275,18277,18279,18281,18283,18285,18287,18289],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,18276,18142],{"class":216},[73,18278,221],{"class":220},[73,18280,9677],{"class":87},[73,18282,653],{"class":83},[73,18284,17794],{"class":245},[73,18286,84],{"class":83},[73,18288,18155],{"class":245},[73,18290,249],{"class":83},[73,18292,18293],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,18294,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,18296,18297,18299,18301,18303,18305,18307,18309,18311,18313,18316],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,18298,18170],{"class":216},[73,18300,4410],{"class":83},[73,18302,94],{"class":93},[73,18304,8496],{"class":97},[73,18306,94],{"class":93},[73,18308,13784],{"class":83},[73,18310,13787],{"class":220},[73,18312,224],{"class":93},[73,18314,18315],{"class":97},"alice",[73,18317,230],{"class":93},[73,18319,18320,18322,18324,18326,18328,18330,18332,18334,18336,18339],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,18321,18170],{"class":216},[73,18323,4410],{"class":83},[73,18325,94],{"class":93},[73,18327,15768],{"class":97},[73,18329,94],{"class":93},[73,18331,13784],{"class":83},[73,18333,13787],{"class":220},[73,18335,224],{"class":93},[73,18337,18338],{"class":97},"alice@example.com",[73,18340,230],{"class":93},[73,18342,18343],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,18344,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,18346,18347,18349,18351,18353],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,18348,80],{"class":79},[73,18350,84],{"class":83},[73,18352,18170],{"class":245},[73,18354,249],{"class":83},[20,18356,148],{},[64,18358,18360],{"className":66,"code":18359,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,18361,18362],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,18363,18364,18366,18368,18370,18372,18374,18376,18378,18380,18382,18384,18386,18388,18390,18392,18394,18396,18398,18400,18402,18404,18406,18408],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,18365,999],{"class":83},[73,18367,343],{"class":93},[73,18369,8496],{"class":97},[73,18371,343],{"class":93},[73,18373,1063],{"class":83},[73,18375,337],{"class":93},[73,18377,18315],{"class":97},[73,18379,343],{"class":93},[73,18381,140],{"class":83},[73,18383,337],{"class":93},[73,18385,15768],{"class":97},[73,18387,343],{"class":93},[73,18389,1063],{"class":83},[73,18391,337],{"class":93},[73,18393,18338],{"class":97},[73,18395,343],{"class":93},[73,18397,140],{"class":83},[73,18399,337],{"class":93},[73,18401,18133],{"class":97},[73,18403,343],{"class":93},[73,18405,1063],{"class":83},[73,18407,4364],{"class":484},[73,18409,9814],{"class":83},[20,18411,18412,18413,653],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[646,18414,18416],{"href":18415},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[59,18418,18420],{"id":18419},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,18422,18423],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[33,18425,18426,18431,18436],{},[36,18427,18428,18430],{},[15,18429,4300],{}," (list)",[36,18432,18433,18435],{},[15,18434,4305],{}," (dictionary)",[36,18437,18438,18440],{},[15,18439,4310],{}," (set)",[20,18442,18443,18444,653],{},"All keys will point to the ",[1194,18445,18446],{},"same object",[403,18448,18450],{"id":18449},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[64,18452,18454],{"className":66,"code":18453,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18455,18456,18488,18509,18513,18535,18539],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,18457,18458,18460,18462,18464,18466,18468,18470,18472,18474,18476,18478,18480,18482,18484,18486],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,18459,17753],{"class":216},[73,18461,221],{"class":220},[73,18463,891],{"class":83},[73,18465,94],{"class":93},[73,18467,646],{"class":97},[73,18469,94],{"class":93},[73,18471,140],{"class":83},[73,18473,224],{"class":93},[73,18475,5274],{"class":97},[73,18477,94],{"class":93},[73,18479,140],{"class":83},[73,18481,224],{"class":93},[73,18483,10245],{"class":97},[73,18485,94],{"class":93},[73,18487,924],{"class":83},[73,18489,18490,18492,18494,18496,18498,18500,18502,18504,18506],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,18491,9672],{"class":216},[73,18493,221],{"class":220},[73,18495,9677],{"class":87},[73,18497,653],{"class":83},[73,18499,17794],{"class":245},[73,18501,84],{"class":83},[73,18503,17434],{"class":245},[73,18505,140],{"class":83},[73,18507,18508],{"class":83}," [])\n",[73,18510,18511],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,18512,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,18514,18515,18517,18519,18521,18523,18525,18527,18529,18531,18533],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,18516,9710],{"class":216},[73,18518,4410],{"class":83},[73,18520,94],{"class":93},[73,18522,646],{"class":97},[73,18524,94],{"class":93},[73,18526,14061],{"class":83},[73,18528,14064],{"class":245},[73,18530,84],{"class":83},[73,18532,2397],{"class":116},[73,18534,249],{"class":83},[73,18536,18537],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,18538,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,18540,18541,18543,18545,18547],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,18542,80],{"class":79},[73,18544,84],{"class":83},[73,18546,9710],{"class":245},[73,18548,249],{"class":83},[20,18550,148],{},[64,18552,18554],{"className":66,"code":18553,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,18555,18556],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,18557,18558,18560,18562,18564,18566,18568,18570,18572,18575,18577,18579,18581,18583,18585,18587,18589,18591,18593,18595,18597,18599,18601],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,18559,999],{"class":83},[73,18561,343],{"class":93},[73,18563,646],{"class":97},[73,18565,343],{"class":93},[73,18567,1063],{"class":83},[73,18569,891],{"class":83},[73,18571,2397],{"class":116},[73,18573,18574],{"class":83},"],",[73,18576,337],{"class":93},[73,18578,5274],{"class":97},[73,18580,343],{"class":93},[73,18582,1063],{"class":83},[73,18584,891],{"class":83},[73,18586,2397],{"class":116},[73,18588,18574],{"class":83},[73,18590,337],{"class":93},[73,18592,10245],{"class":97},[73,18594,343],{"class":93},[73,18596,1063],{"class":83},[73,18598,891],{"class":83},[73,18600,2397],{"class":116},[73,18602,14217],{"class":83},[20,18604,18605,18606,18609],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18607,18608],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[403,18611,18613],{"id":18612},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18615,18616,18619],{},[15,18617,18618],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18621,18622],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18624,18625],{},"So this:",[64,18627,18629],{"className":66,"code":18628,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18630,18631],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,18632,18633,18635,18637,18639,18641,18643,18645,18647,18649,18651],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,18634,9710],{"class":216},[73,18636,4410],{"class":83},[73,18638,94],{"class":93},[73,18640,646],{"class":97},[73,18642,94],{"class":93},[73,18644,14061],{"class":83},[73,18646,14064],{"class":245},[73,18648,84],{"class":83},[73,18650,2397],{"class":116},[73,18652,249],{"class":83},[20,18654,18655,18656,653],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18657,18608],{},[403,18659,18661],{"id":18660},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18663,18664],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[64,18666,18668],{"className":66,"code":18667,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18669,18670,18702,18729,18733,18755,18759],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,18671,18672,18674,18676,18678,18680,18682,18684,18686,18688,18690,18692,18694,18696,18698,18700],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,18673,17753],{"class":216},[73,18675,221],{"class":220},[73,18677,891],{"class":83},[73,18679,94],{"class":93},[73,18681,646],{"class":97},[73,18683,94],{"class":93},[73,18685,140],{"class":83},[73,18687,224],{"class":93},[73,18689,5274],{"class":97},[73,18691,94],{"class":93},[73,18693,140],{"class":83},[73,18695,224],{"class":93},[73,18697,10245],{"class":97},[73,18699,94],{"class":93},[73,18701,924],{"class":83},[73,18703,18704,18706,18708,18710,18712,18714,18717,18719,18722,18724,18727],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,18705,9672],{"class":216},[73,18707,221],{"class":220},[73,18709,10997],{"class":83},[73,18711,15350],{"class":216},[73,18713,1063],{"class":83},[73,18715,18716],{"class":83}," []",[73,18718,4388],{"class":933},[73,18720,18721],{"class":216}," key ",[73,18723,940],{"class":933},[73,18725,18726],{"class":216}," keys",[73,18728,9814],{"class":83},[73,18730,18731],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,18732,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,18734,18735,18737,18739,18741,18743,18745,18747,18749,18751,18753],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,18736,9710],{"class":216},[73,18738,4410],{"class":83},[73,18740,94],{"class":93},[73,18742,646],{"class":97},[73,18744,94],{"class":93},[73,18746,14061],{"class":83},[73,18748,14064],{"class":245},[73,18750,84],{"class":83},[73,18752,2397],{"class":116},[73,18754,249],{"class":83},[73,18756,18757],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,18758,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,18760,18761,18763,18765,18767],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,18762,80],{"class":79},[73,18764,84],{"class":83},[73,18766,9710],{"class":245},[73,18768,249],{"class":83},[20,18770,148],{},[64,18772,18774],{"className":66,"code":18773,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18775,18776],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,18777,18778,18780,18782,18784,18786,18788,18790,18792,18794,18796,18798,18800,18802,18805,18807,18809,18811,18813],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,18779,999],{"class":83},[73,18781,343],{"class":93},[73,18783,646],{"class":97},[73,18785,343],{"class":93},[73,18787,1063],{"class":83},[73,18789,891],{"class":83},[73,18791,2397],{"class":116},[73,18793,18574],{"class":83},[73,18795,337],{"class":93},[73,18797,5274],{"class":97},[73,18799,343],{"class":93},[73,18801,1063],{"class":83},[73,18803,18804],{"class":83}," [],",[73,18806,337],{"class":93},[73,18808,10245],{"class":97},[73,18810,343],{"class":93},[73,18812,1063],{"class":83},[73,18814,18815],{"class":83}," []}\n",[20,18817,18818],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18820,18821],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[59,18823,1999,18825],{"id":18824},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18826,17729],{},[20,18828,18829,18831],{},[15,18830,17734],{}," is a good choice when:",[33,18833,18834,18837,18840],{},[36,18835,18836],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[36,18838,18839],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[36,18841,18842],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18844,2667],{},[64,18846,18848],{"className":66,"code":18847,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18849,18850,18895],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,18851,18852,18855,18857,18859,18861,18863,18865,18867,18870,18872,18874,18876,18878,18880,18882,18884,18887,18889,18891,18893],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,18853,18854],{"class":216},"flags ",[73,18856,221],{"class":220},[73,18858,9677],{"class":87},[73,18860,653],{"class":83},[73,18862,17794],{"class":245},[73,18864,3510],{"class":83},[73,18866,94],{"class":93},[73,18868,18869],{"class":97},"is_admin",[73,18871,94],{"class":93},[73,18873,140],{"class":83},[73,18875,224],{"class":93},[73,18877,15588],{"class":97},[73,18879,94],{"class":93},[73,18881,140],{"class":83},[73,18883,224],{"class":93},[73,18885,18886],{"class":97},"is_verified",[73,18888,94],{"class":93},[73,18890,18574],{"class":83},[73,18892,4417],{"class":484},[73,18894,249],{"class":83},[73,18896,18897,18899,18901,18904],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,18898,80],{"class":79},[73,18900,84],{"class":83},[73,18902,18903],{"class":245},"flags",[73,18905,249],{"class":83},[64,18907,18909],{"className":66,"code":18908,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18910,18911,18956],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,18912,18913,18915,18917,18919,18921,18923,18925,18927,18930,18932,18934,18936,18939,18941,18943,18945,18948,18950,18952,18954],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,18914,5577],{"class":216},[73,18916,221],{"class":220},[73,18918,9677],{"class":87},[73,18920,653],{"class":83},[73,18922,17794],{"class":245},[73,18924,3510],{"class":83},[73,18926,94],{"class":93},[73,18928,18929],{"class":97},"math",[73,18931,94],{"class":93},[73,18933,140],{"class":83},[73,18935,224],{"class":93},[73,18937,18938],{"class":97},"science",[73,18940,94],{"class":93},[73,18942,140],{"class":83},[73,18944,224],{"class":93},[73,18946,18947],{"class":97},"history",[73,18949,94],{"class":93},[73,18951,18574],{"class":83},[73,18953,4345],{"class":116},[73,18955,249],{"class":83},[73,18957,18958,18960,18962,18964],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,18959,80],{"class":79},[73,18961,84],{"class":83},[73,18963,16899],{"class":245},[73,18965,249],{"class":83},[20,18967,18968,18969,18971],{},"It is ",[1194,18970,1196],{}," the best choice when:",[33,18973,18974,18977],{},[36,18975,18976],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[36,18978,18979],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[59,18981,18983,18985],{"id":18982},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18984,17729],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18987,18988,18990],{},[15,18989,17729],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[403,18992,657,18994],{"id":18993},"using-fromkeys",[15,18995,17729],{},[64,18997,18999],{"className":66,"code":18998,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,19000,19001,19046],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,19002,19003,19005,19007,19009,19011,19013,19015,19017,19020,19022,19024,19026,19029,19031,19033,19035,19038,19040,19042,19044],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,19004,14337],{"class":216},[73,19006,221],{"class":220},[73,19008,9677],{"class":87},[73,19010,653],{"class":83},[73,19012,17794],{"class":245},[73,19014,3510],{"class":83},[73,19016,94],{"class":93},[73,19018,19019],{"class":97},"sound",[73,19021,94],{"class":93},[73,19023,140],{"class":83},[73,19025,224],{"class":93},[73,19027,19028],{"class":97},"music",[73,19030,94],{"class":93},[73,19032,140],{"class":83},[73,19034,224],{"class":93},[73,19036,19037],{"class":97},"notifications",[73,19039,94],{"class":93},[73,19041,18574],{"class":83},[73,19043,4426],{"class":484},[73,19045,249],{"class":83},[73,19047,19048,19050,19052,19054],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,19049,80],{"class":79},[73,19051,84],{"class":83},[73,19053,14396],{"class":245},[73,19055,249],{"class":83},[403,19057,19059],{"id":19058},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[64,19061,19063],{"className":66,"code":19062,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,19064,19065,19073,19087,19101,19113,19117],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,19066,19067,19069,19071],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,19068,14337],{"class":216},[73,19070,221],{"class":220},[73,19072,12003],{"class":83},[73,19074,19075,19077,19079,19081,19083,19085],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,19076,12008],{"class":93},[73,19078,19019],{"class":97},[73,19080,94],{"class":93},[73,19082,1063],{"class":83},[73,19084,4426],{"class":484},[73,19086,12024],{"class":83},[73,19088,19089,19091,19093,19095,19097,19099],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,19090,12008],{"class":93},[73,19092,19028],{"class":97},[73,19094,94],{"class":93},[73,19096,1063],{"class":83},[73,19098,4417],{"class":484},[73,19100,12024],{"class":83},[73,19102,19103,19105,19107,19109,19111],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,19104,12008],{"class":93},[73,19106,19037],{"class":97},[73,19108,94],{"class":93},[73,19110,1063],{"class":83},[73,19112,1402],{"class":484},[73,19114,19115],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,19116,9814],{"class":83},[73,19118,19119,19121,19123,19125],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,19120,80],{"class":79},[73,19122,84],{"class":83},[73,19124,14396],{"class":245},[73,19126,249],{"class":83},[20,19128,19129],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[403,19131,19133],{"id":19132},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[64,19135,19137],{"className":66,"code":19136,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,19138,19139,19171,19195],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,19140,19141,19143,19145,19147,19149,19151,19153,19155,19157,19159,19161,19163,19165,19167,19169],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,19142,17753],{"class":216},[73,19144,221],{"class":220},[73,19146,891],{"class":83},[73,19148,94],{"class":93},[73,19150,646],{"class":97},[73,19152,94],{"class":93},[73,19154,140],{"class":83},[73,19156,224],{"class":93},[73,19158,5274],{"class":97},[73,19160,94],{"class":93},[73,19162,140],{"class":83},[73,19164,224],{"class":93},[73,19166,10245],{"class":97},[73,19168,94],{"class":93},[73,19170,924],{"class":83},[73,19172,19173,19175,19177,19179,19181,19183,19185,19187,19189,19191,19193],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,19174,9672],{"class":216},[73,19176,221],{"class":220},[73,19178,10997],{"class":83},[73,19180,15350],{"class":216},[73,19182,1063],{"class":83},[73,19184,18716],{"class":83},[73,19186,4388],{"class":933},[73,19188,18721],{"class":216},[73,19190,940],{"class":933},[73,19192,18726],{"class":216},[73,19194,9814],{"class":83},[73,19196,19197,19199,19201,19203],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,19198,80],{"class":79},[73,19200,84],{"class":83},[73,19202,9710],{"class":245},[73,19204,249],{"class":83},[20,19206,19207],{},"Use:",[33,19209,19210,19215,19218],{},[36,19211,19212,19214],{},[15,19213,17729],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[36,19216,19217],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[36,19219,19220],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,19222,19223,19224,653],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[646,19225,11244,19226,11248],{"href":14543},[15,19227,15463],{},[59,19229,2102],{"id":2101},[20,19231,2105,19232,653],{},[15,19233,17734],{},[403,19235,19237],{"id":19236},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[64,19239,19241],{"className":66,"code":19240,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19242,19243,19276,19299],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,19244,19245,19248,19250,19252,19254,19256,19258,19260,19262,19264,19266,19268,19270,19272,19274],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,19246,19247],{"class":216},"d ",[73,19249,221],{"class":220},[73,19251,9677],{"class":87},[73,19253,653],{"class":83},[73,19255,17794],{"class":245},[73,19257,3510],{"class":83},[73,19259,94],{"class":93},[73,19261,646],{"class":97},[73,19263,94],{"class":93},[73,19265,140],{"class":83},[73,19267,224],{"class":93},[73,19269,5274],{"class":97},[73,19271,94],{"class":93},[73,19273,18574],{"class":83},[73,19275,18508],{"class":83},[73,19277,19278,19281,19283,19285,19287,19289,19291,19293,19295,19297],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,19279,19280],{"class":216},"d",[73,19282,4410],{"class":83},[73,19284,94],{"class":93},[73,19286,646],{"class":97},[73,19288,94],{"class":93},[73,19290,14061],{"class":83},[73,19292,14064],{"class":245},[73,19294,84],{"class":83},[73,19296,2397],{"class":116},[73,19298,249],{"class":83},[73,19300,19301,19303,19305,19307],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,19302,80],{"class":79},[73,19304,84],{"class":83},[73,19306,19280],{"class":245},[73,19308,249],{"class":83},[20,19310,148],{},[64,19312,19314],{"className":66,"code":19313,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,19315,19316],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,19317,19318,19320,19322,19324,19326,19328,19330,19332,19334,19336,19338,19340,19342,19344,19346],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,19319,999],{"class":83},[73,19321,343],{"class":93},[73,19323,646],{"class":97},[73,19325,343],{"class":93},[73,19327,1063],{"class":83},[73,19329,891],{"class":83},[73,19331,2397],{"class":116},[73,19333,18574],{"class":83},[73,19335,337],{"class":93},[73,19337,5274],{"class":97},[73,19339,343],{"class":93},[73,19341,1063],{"class":83},[73,19343,891],{"class":83},[73,19345,2397],{"class":116},[73,19347,14217],{"class":83},[20,19349,19350],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,19352,2133],{},[64,19354,19356],{"className":66,"code":19355,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,19357,19358,19382,19406],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,19359,19360,19362,19364,19366,19368,19370,19372,19374,19376,19378,19380],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,19361,17753],{"class":216},[73,19363,221],{"class":220},[73,19365,891],{"class":83},[73,19367,94],{"class":93},[73,19369,646],{"class":97},[73,19371,94],{"class":93},[73,19373,140],{"class":83},[73,19375,224],{"class":93},[73,19377,5274],{"class":97},[73,19379,94],{"class":93},[73,19381,924],{"class":83},[73,19383,19384,19386,19388,19390,19392,19394,19396,19398,19400,19402,19404],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,19385,19247],{"class":216},[73,19387,221],{"class":220},[73,19389,10997],{"class":83},[73,19391,15350],{"class":216},[73,19393,1063],{"class":83},[73,19395,18716],{"class":83},[73,19397,4388],{"class":933},[73,19399,18721],{"class":216},[73,19401,940],{"class":933},[73,19403,18726],{"class":216},[73,19405,9814],{"class":83},[73,19407,19408,19410,19412,19414],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,19409,80],{"class":79},[73,19411,84],{"class":83},[73,19413,19280],{"class":245},[73,19415,249],{"class":83},[403,19417,19419,19420,19422],{"id":19418},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,19421,17729],{}," on a list",[20,19424,19425],{},"Wrong idea:",[64,19427,19429],{"className":66,"code":19428,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,19430,19431,19463],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,19432,19433,19435,19437,19439,19441,19443,19445,19447,19449,19451,19453,19455,19457,19459,19461],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,19434,17753],{"class":216},[73,19436,221],{"class":220},[73,19438,891],{"class":83},[73,19440,94],{"class":93},[73,19442,646],{"class":97},[73,19444,94],{"class":93},[73,19446,140],{"class":83},[73,19448,224],{"class":93},[73,19450,5274],{"class":97},[73,19452,94],{"class":93},[73,19454,140],{"class":83},[73,19456,224],{"class":93},[73,19458,10245],{"class":97},[73,19460,94],{"class":93},[73,19462,924],{"class":83},[73,19464,19465],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,19466,19467],{"class":769},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,19469,19470,19472,19473,19475,19476,653],{},[15,19471,17729],{}," belongs to ",[15,19474,9330],{},", not ",[15,19477,8604],{},[20,19479,19480],{},"Correct usage:",[64,19482,19484],{"className":66,"code":19483,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19485,19486,19518,19540],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,19487,19488,19490,19492,19494,19496,19498,19500,19502,19504,19506,19508,19510,19512,19514,19516],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,19489,17753],{"class":216},[73,19491,221],{"class":220},[73,19493,891],{"class":83},[73,19495,94],{"class":93},[73,19497,646],{"class":97},[73,19499,94],{"class":93},[73,19501,140],{"class":83},[73,19503,224],{"class":93},[73,19505,5274],{"class":97},[73,19507,94],{"class":93},[73,19509,140],{"class":83},[73,19511,224],{"class":93},[73,19513,10245],{"class":97},[73,19515,94],{"class":93},[73,19517,924],{"class":83},[73,19519,19520,19522,19524,19526,19528,19530,19532,19534,19536,19538],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,19521,19247],{"class":216},[73,19523,221],{"class":220},[73,19525,9677],{"class":87},[73,19527,653],{"class":83},[73,19529,17794],{"class":245},[73,19531,84],{"class":83},[73,19533,17434],{"class":245},[73,19535,140],{"class":83},[73,19537,4345],{"class":116},[73,19539,249],{"class":83},[73,19541,19542,19544,19546,19548],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,19543,80],{"class":79},[73,19545,84],{"class":83},[73,19547,19280],{"class":245},[73,19549,249],{"class":83},[403,19551,2300,19553,19555],{"id":19552},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19554,17729],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,19557,19558,19560],{},[15,19559,17734],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[64,19562,19564],{"className":66,"code":19563,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,19565,19566,19586,19620,19624,19634],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,19567,19568,19570,19572,19574,19576,19578,19580,19582,19584],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,19569,12597],{"class":216},[73,19571,221],{"class":220},[73,19573,10997],{"class":83},[73,19575,94],{"class":93},[73,19577,384],{"class":97},[73,19579,94],{"class":93},[73,19581,1063],{"class":83},[73,19583,2085],{"class":116},[73,19585,9814],{"class":83},[73,19587,19588,19590,19592,19594,19596,19598,19600,19602,19604,19606,19608,19610,19612,19614,19616,19618],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,19589,13549],{"class":216},[73,19591,221],{"class":220},[73,19593,9677],{"class":87},[73,19595,653],{"class":83},[73,19597,17794],{"class":245},[73,19599,3510],{"class":83},[73,19601,94],{"class":93},[73,19603,646],{"class":97},[73,19605,94],{"class":93},[73,19607,140],{"class":83},[73,19609,224],{"class":93},[73,19611,5274],{"class":97},[73,19613,94],{"class":93},[73,19615,18574],{"class":83},[73,19617,4345],{"class":116},[73,19619,249],{"class":83},[73,19621,19622],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,19623,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,19625,19626,19628,19630,19632],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,19627,80],{"class":79},[73,19629,84],{"class":83},[73,19631,12644],{"class":245},[73,19633,249],{"class":83},[73,19635,19636,19638,19640,19643],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,19637,80],{"class":79},[73,19639,84],{"class":83},[73,19641,19642],{"class":245},"new_dict",[73,19644,249],{"class":83},[20,19646,148],{},[64,19648,19650],{"className":66,"code":19649,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19651,19652,19668],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,19653,19654,19656,19658,19660,19662,19664,19666],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,19655,999],{"class":83},[73,19657,343],{"class":93},[73,19659,384],{"class":97},[73,19661,343],{"class":93},[73,19663,1063],{"class":83},[73,19665,2085],{"class":116},[73,19667,9814],{"class":83},[73,19669,19670,19672,19674,19676,19678,19680,19682,19684,19686,19688,19690,19692,19694],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,19671,999],{"class":83},[73,19673,343],{"class":93},[73,19675,646],{"class":97},[73,19677,343],{"class":93},[73,19679,1063],{"class":83},[73,19681,4345],{"class":116},[73,19683,140],{"class":83},[73,19685,337],{"class":93},[73,19687,5274],{"class":97},[73,19689,343],{"class":93},[73,19691,1063],{"class":83},[73,19693,4345],{"class":116},[73,19695,9814],{"class":83},[20,19697,19698,19699,653],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[646,19700,11244,19701,11248],{"href":14543},[15,19702,15463],{},[403,19704,19706,19707],{"id":19705},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19708,1842],{},[64,19710,19712],{"className":66,"code":19711,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19713,19714,19744],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,19715,19716,19718,19720,19722,19724,19726,19728,19730,19732,19734,19736,19738,19740,19742],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,19717,19247],{"class":216},[73,19719,221],{"class":220},[73,19721,9677],{"class":87},[73,19723,653],{"class":83},[73,19725,17794],{"class":245},[73,19727,3510],{"class":83},[73,19729,94],{"class":93},[73,19731,384],{"class":97},[73,19733,94],{"class":93},[73,19735,140],{"class":83},[73,19737,224],{"class":93},[73,19739,12256],{"class":97},[73,19741,94],{"class":93},[73,19743,4398],{"class":83},[73,19745,19746,19748,19750,19752],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,19747,80],{"class":79},[73,19749,84],{"class":83},[73,19751,19280],{"class":245},[73,19753,249],{"class":83},[20,19755,148],{},[64,19757,19759],{"className":66,"code":19758,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19760,19761],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,19762,19763,19765,19767,19769,19771,19773,19775,19777,19779,19781,19783,19785,19787],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,19764,999],{"class":83},[73,19766,343],{"class":93},[73,19768,384],{"class":97},[73,19770,343],{"class":93},[73,19772,1063],{"class":83},[73,19774,4364],{"class":484},[73,19776,140],{"class":83},[73,19778,337],{"class":93},[73,19780,12256],{"class":97},[73,19782,343],{"class":93},[73,19784,1063],{"class":83},[73,19786,4364],{"class":484},[73,19788,9814],{"class":83},[20,19790,19791,19792,653],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19793,1842],{},[59,19795,19797],{"id":19796},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19799,19800,19801,19803],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19802,17729],{}," works.",[64,19805,19807],{"className":66,"code":19806,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19808,19809],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,19810,19811,19813,19815,19817,19819,19821,19823,19825,19827,19829,19831,19833,19835,19837,19839,19841],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,19812,80],{"class":79},[73,19814,84],{"class":83},[73,19816,9330],{"class":87},[73,19818,653],{"class":83},[73,19820,17794],{"class":245},[73,19822,3510],{"class":83},[73,19824,94],{"class":93},[73,19826,646],{"class":97},[73,19828,94],{"class":93},[73,19830,140],{"class":83},[73,19832,224],{"class":93},[73,19834,5274],{"class":97},[73,19836,94],{"class":93},[73,19838,18574],{"class":83},[73,19840,4345],{"class":116},[73,19842,102],{"class":83},[64,19844,19845],{"className":66,"code":19711,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,19846,19847,19877],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,19848,19849,19851,19853,19855,19857,19859,19861,19863,19865,19867,19869,19871,19873,19875],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,19850,19247],{"class":216},[73,19852,221],{"class":220},[73,19854,9677],{"class":87},[73,19856,653],{"class":83},[73,19858,17794],{"class":245},[73,19860,3510],{"class":83},[73,19862,94],{"class":93},[73,19864,384],{"class":97},[73,19866,94],{"class":93},[73,19868,140],{"class":83},[73,19870,224],{"class":93},[73,19872,12256],{"class":97},[73,19874,94],{"class":93},[73,19876,4398],{"class":83},[73,19878,19879,19881,19883,19885],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,19880,80],{"class":79},[73,19882,84],{"class":83},[73,19884,19280],{"class":245},[73,19886,249],{"class":83},[64,19888,19889],{"className":66,"code":19240,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,19890,19891,19923,19945],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,19892,19893,19895,19897,19899,19901,19903,19905,19907,19909,19911,19913,19915,19917,19919,19921],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,19894,19247],{"class":216},[73,19896,221],{"class":220},[73,19898,9677],{"class":87},[73,19900,653],{"class":83},[73,19902,17794],{"class":245},[73,19904,3510],{"class":83},[73,19906,94],{"class":93},[73,19908,646],{"class":97},[73,19910,94],{"class":93},[73,19912,140],{"class":83},[73,19914,224],{"class":93},[73,19916,5274],{"class":97},[73,19918,94],{"class":93},[73,19920,18574],{"class":83},[73,19922,18508],{"class":83},[73,19924,19925,19927,19929,19931,19933,19935,19937,19939,19941,19943],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,19926,19280],{"class":216},[73,19928,4410],{"class":83},[73,19930,94],{"class":93},[73,19932,646],{"class":97},[73,19934,94],{"class":93},[73,19936,14061],{"class":83},[73,19938,14064],{"class":245},[73,19940,84],{"class":83},[73,19942,2397],{"class":116},[73,19944,249],{"class":83},[73,19946,19947,19949,19951,19953],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,19948,80],{"class":79},[73,19950,84],{"class":83},[73,19952,19280],{"class":245},[73,19954,249],{"class":83},[64,19956,19958],{"className":66,"code":19957,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19959,19960],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,19961,19962,19964,19966,19968,19970,19972,19974,19976,19978,19980,19982,19984,19986,19988,19990,19992,19994,19996],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,19963,80],{"class":79},[73,19965,84],{"class":83},[73,19967,288],{"class":87},[73,19969,84],{"class":83},[73,19971,9330],{"class":87},[73,19973,653],{"class":83},[73,19975,17794],{"class":245},[73,19977,3510],{"class":83},[73,19979,2397],{"class":116},[73,19981,140],{"class":83},[73,19983,143],{"class":116},[73,19985,140],{"class":83},[73,19987,2982],{"class":116},[73,19989,18574],{"class":83},[73,19991,224],{"class":93},[73,19993,967],{"class":97},[73,19995,94],{"class":93},[73,19997,1784],{"class":83},[59,19999,2350],{"id":2349},[403,20001,2354,20003,20005],{"id":20002},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,20004,17729],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,20007,20008],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[403,20010,20012],{"id":20011},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,20014,20015,20016,653],{},"Each key gets ",[15,20017,1842],{},[403,20019,20021],{"id":20020},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,20023,20024],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[403,20026,20028],{"id":20027},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,20030,18664],{},[64,20032,20034],{"className":66,"code":20033,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,20035,20036,20068],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,20037,20038,20040,20042,20044,20046,20048,20050,20052,20054,20056,20058,20060,20062,20064,20066],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,20039,17753],{"class":216},[73,20041,221],{"class":220},[73,20043,891],{"class":83},[73,20045,94],{"class":93},[73,20047,646],{"class":97},[73,20049,94],{"class":93},[73,20051,140],{"class":83},[73,20053,224],{"class":93},[73,20055,5274],{"class":97},[73,20057,94],{"class":93},[73,20059,140],{"class":83},[73,20061,224],{"class":93},[73,20063,10245],{"class":97},[73,20065,94],{"class":93},[73,20067,924],{"class":83},[73,20069,20070,20072,20074,20076,20078,20080,20082,20084,20086,20088,20090],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,20071,9672],{"class":216},[73,20073,221],{"class":220},[73,20075,10997],{"class":83},[73,20077,15350],{"class":216},[73,20079,1063],{"class":83},[73,20081,18716],{"class":83},[73,20083,4388],{"class":933},[73,20085,18721],{"class":216},[73,20087,940],{"class":933},[73,20089,18726],{"class":216},[73,20091,9814],{"class":83},[59,20093,2413],{"id":2412},[33,20095,20096,20100,20104,20108,20114],{},[36,20097,20098],{},[646,20099,11751],{"href":13537},[36,20101,20102],{},[646,20103,9662],{"href":13534},[36,20105,20106],{},[646,20107,11760],{"href":18415},[36,20109,20110],{},[646,20111,11244,20112,11248],{"href":14543},[15,20113,15463],{},[36,20115,20116],{},[646,20117,11244,20118,11248],{"href":15508},[15,20119,13287],{},[20,20121,171,20122,20124],{},[15,20123,17734],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2459,20126,20127],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":20129},[20130,20131,20133,20137,20138,20140,20145,20147,20154,20163,20164,20171],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":17834,"depth":105,"text":20132},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17878,"depth":105,"text":17879,"children":20134},[20135,20136],{"id":17905,"depth":122,"text":17906},{"id":17929,"depth":122,"text":17930},{"id":6298,"depth":105,"text":6299},{"id":18090,"depth":105,"text":20139},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18419,"depth":105,"text":18420,"children":20141},[20142,20143,20144],{"id":18449,"depth":122,"text":18450},{"id":18612,"depth":122,"text":18613},{"id":18660,"depth":122,"text":18661},{"id":18824,"depth":105,"text":20146},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18982,"depth":105,"text":20148,"children":20149},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[20150,20152,20153],{"id":18993,"depth":122,"text":20151},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":19058,"depth":122,"text":19059},{"id":19132,"depth":122,"text":19133},{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102,"children":20155},[20156,20157,20159,20161],{"id":19236,"depth":122,"text":19237},{"id":19418,"depth":122,"text":20158},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19552,"depth":122,"text":20160},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19705,"depth":122,"text":20162},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19796,"depth":105,"text":19797},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":20165},[20166,20168,20169,20170],{"id":20002,"depth":122,"text":20167},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":20011,"depth":122,"text":20012},{"id":20020,"depth":122,"text":20021},{"id":20027,"depth":122,"text":20028},{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17721,"description":20172},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":20179,"title":20180,"body":20181,"description":22011,"extension":2511,"meta":22012,"navigation":254,"path":22013,"seo":22014,"stem":22015,"__hash__":22016},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":20182,"toc":21978},[20183,20188,20194,20205,20335,20342,20347,20351,20367,20369,20467,20470,20487,20491,20493,20498,20536,20539,20557,20559,20677,20682,20686,20702,20705,20841,20844,20849,20855,20858,20895,20898,20902,20907,20983,20987,20992,21074,21076,21092,21097,21101,21107,21176,21179,21196,21199,21281,21287,21290,21310,21314,21319,21325,21331,21402,21405,21411,21414,21488,21495,21501,21509,21519,21521,21616,21622,21627,21714,21720,21722,21727,21749,21752,21847,21850,21881,21894,21896,21904,21910,21916,21919,21925,21930,21937,21942,21944,21975],[10,20184,11827,20186,11831],{"id":20185},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,20187,11247],{},[20,20189,20190,20191,20193],{},"The dictionary ",[15,20192,11247],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,20195,20196,20197,2728,20200,2928,20202,20204],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,20198,20199],{},"KeyError",[15,20201,11247],{},[15,20203,1842],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[64,20206,20208],{"className":66,"code":20207,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,20209,20210,20246,20250,20276,20301],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,20211,20212,20214,20216,20218,20220,20222,20224,20226,20228,20230,20232,20234,20236,20238,20240,20242,20244],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,20213,13715],{"class":216},[73,20215,221],{"class":220},[73,20217,10997],{"class":83},[73,20219,94],{"class":93},[73,20221,8177],{"class":97},[73,20223,94],{"class":93},[73,20225,1063],{"class":83},[73,20227,224],{"class":93},[73,20229,13391],{"class":97},[73,20231,94],{"class":93},[73,20233,140],{"class":83},[73,20235,224],{"class":93},[73,20237,9804],{"class":97},[73,20239,94],{"class":93},[73,20241,1063],{"class":83},[73,20243,9811],{"class":116},[73,20245,9814],{"class":83},[73,20247,20248],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,20249,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,20251,20252,20254,20256,20258,20260,20263,20265,20267,20269,20271,20273],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,20253,80],{"class":79},[73,20255,84],{"class":83},[73,20257,17818],{"class":245},[73,20259,653],{"class":83},[73,20261,20262],{"class":245},"get",[73,20264,84],{"class":83},[73,20266,94],{"class":93},[73,20268,8177],{"class":97},[73,20270,94],{"class":93},[73,20272,5874],{"class":83},[73,20274,20275],{"class":769},"           # Ana\n",[73,20277,20278,20280,20282,20284,20286,20288,20290,20292,20294,20296,20298],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,20279,80],{"class":79},[73,20281,84],{"class":83},[73,20283,17818],{"class":245},[73,20285,653],{"class":83},[73,20287,20262],{"class":245},[73,20289,84],{"class":83},[73,20291,94],{"class":93},[73,20293,10915],{"class":97},[73,20295,94],{"class":93},[73,20297,5874],{"class":83},[73,20299,20300],{"class":769},"           # None\n",[73,20302,20303,20305,20307,20309,20311,20313,20315,20317,20319,20321,20323,20325,20328,20330,20332],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,20304,80],{"class":79},[73,20306,84],{"class":83},[73,20308,17818],{"class":245},[73,20310,653],{"class":83},[73,20312,20262],{"class":245},[73,20314,84],{"class":83},[73,20316,94],{"class":93},[73,20318,10915],{"class":97},[73,20320,94],{"class":93},[73,20322,140],{"class":83},[73,20324,224],{"class":93},[73,20326,20327],{"class":97},"N\u002FA",[73,20329,94],{"class":93},[73,20331,5874],{"class":83},[73,20333,20334],{"class":769},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,20336,171,20337,20339,20340,653],{},[15,20338,11247],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,20341,20199],{},[59,20343,178,20345,181],{"id":20344},"what-get-does",[15,20346,11247],{},[20,20348,1580,20349,11922],{},[15,20350,11247],{},[33,20352,20353,20356,20361,20364],{},[36,20354,20355],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[36,20357,11933,20358,20360],{},[15,20359,1842],{}," if the key does not exist",[36,20362,20363],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[36,20365,20366],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,20368,206],{},[64,20370,20372],{"className":66,"code":20371,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,20373,20374,20413,20417,20442],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,20375,20376,20378,20380,20382,20384,20386,20388,20390,20392,20395,20397,20399,20401,20404,20406,20408,20411],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,20377,13374],{"class":216},[73,20379,221],{"class":220},[73,20381,10997],{"class":83},[73,20383,94],{"class":93},[73,20385,8177],{"class":97},[73,20387,94],{"class":93},[73,20389,1063],{"class":83},[73,20391,224],{"class":93},[73,20393,20394],{"class":97},"Lina",[73,20396,94],{"class":93},[73,20398,140],{"class":83},[73,20400,224],{"class":93},[73,20402,20403],{"class":97},"grade",[73,20405,94],{"class":93},[73,20407,1063],{"class":83},[73,20409,20410],{"class":116}," 90",[73,20412,9814],{"class":83},[73,20414,20415],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,20416,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,20418,20419,20421,20423,20425,20427,20429,20431,20433,20435,20437,20439],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,20420,80],{"class":79},[73,20422,84],{"class":83},[73,20424,14137],{"class":245},[73,20426,653],{"class":83},[73,20428,20262],{"class":245},[73,20430,84],{"class":83},[73,20432,94],{"class":93},[73,20434,8177],{"class":97},[73,20436,94],{"class":93},[73,20438,5874],{"class":83},[73,20440,20441],{"class":769},"     # Lina\n",[73,20443,20444,20446,20448,20450,20452,20454,20456,20458,20460,20462,20464],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,20445,80],{"class":79},[73,20447,84],{"class":83},[73,20449,14137],{"class":245},[73,20451,653],{"class":83},[73,20453,20262],{"class":245},[73,20455,84],{"class":83},[73,20457,94],{"class":93},[73,20459,15768],{"class":97},[73,20461,94],{"class":93},[73,20463,5874],{"class":83},[73,20465,20466],{"class":769},"    # None\n",[20,20468,20469],{},"In this example:",[33,20471,20472,20477],{},[36,20473,20474,20476],{},[15,20475,15749],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[36,20478,20479,20482,20483,2928,20485],{},[15,20480,20481],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,20484,11247],{},[15,20486,1842],{},[20,20488,13531,20489,653],{},[646,20490,9662],{"href":9661},[59,20492,370],{"id":369},[20,20494,20495,20496,1063],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,20497,11247],{},[64,20499,20501],{"className":66,"code":20500,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,20502,20503,20517],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,20504,20505,20507,20509,20511,20513,20515],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,20506,16114],{"class":216},[73,20508,653],{"class":83},[73,20510,20262],{"class":245},[73,20512,84],{"class":83},[73,20514,15350],{"class":245},[73,20516,249],{"class":83},[73,20518,20519,20521,20523,20525,20527,20529,20531,20534],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,20520,16114],{"class":216},[73,20522,653],{"class":83},[73,20524,20262],{"class":245},[73,20526,84],{"class":83},[73,20528,15350],{"class":245},[73,20530,140],{"class":83},[73,20532,20533],{"class":245}," default_value",[73,20535,249],{"class":83},[20,20537,20538],{},"What each part means:",[33,20540,20541,20546,20552],{},[36,20542,20543,20545],{},[15,20544,15350],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[36,20547,20548,20551],{},[15,20549,20550],{},"default_value"," is optional",[36,20553,20554,20555],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,20556,1842],{},[20,20558,206],{},[64,20560,20562],{"className":66,"code":20561,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,20563,20564,20588,20592,20617,20643],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,20565,20566,20568,20570,20572,20574,20576,20578,20580,20582,20584,20586],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,20567,14337],{"class":216},[73,20569,221],{"class":220},[73,20571,10997],{"class":83},[73,20573,94],{"class":93},[73,20575,13006],{"class":97},[73,20577,94],{"class":93},[73,20579,1063],{"class":83},[73,20581,224],{"class":93},[73,20583,13015],{"class":97},[73,20585,94],{"class":93},[73,20587,9814],{"class":83},[73,20589,20590],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,20591,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,20593,20594,20596,20598,20600,20602,20604,20606,20608,20610,20612,20614],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,20595,80],{"class":79},[73,20597,84],{"class":83},[73,20599,14396],{"class":245},[73,20601,653],{"class":83},[73,20603,20262],{"class":245},[73,20605,84],{"class":83},[73,20607,94],{"class":93},[73,20609,13006],{"class":97},[73,20611,94],{"class":93},[73,20613,5874],{"class":83},[73,20615,20616],{"class":769},"            # dark\n",[73,20618,20619,20621,20623,20625,20627,20629,20631,20633,20636,20638,20640],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,20620,80],{"class":79},[73,20622,84],{"class":83},[73,20624,14396],{"class":245},[73,20626,653],{"class":83},[73,20628,20262],{"class":245},[73,20630,84],{"class":83},[73,20632,94],{"class":93},[73,20634,20635],{"class":97},"language",[73,20637,94],{"class":93},[73,20639,5874],{"class":83},[73,20641,20642],{"class":769},"         # None\n",[73,20644,20645,20647,20649,20651,20653,20655,20657,20659,20661,20663,20665,20667,20670,20672,20674],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,20646,80],{"class":79},[73,20648,84],{"class":83},[73,20650,14396],{"class":245},[73,20652,653],{"class":83},[73,20654,20262],{"class":245},[73,20656,84],{"class":83},[73,20658,94],{"class":93},[73,20660,20635],{"class":97},[73,20662,94],{"class":93},[73,20664,140],{"class":83},[73,20666,224],{"class":93},[73,20668,20669],{"class":97},"en",[73,20671,94],{"class":93},[73,20673,5874],{"class":83},[73,20675,20676],{"class":769},"   # en\n",[59,20678,1999,20680],{"id":20679},"when-to-use-get",[15,20681,11247],{},[20,20683,171,20684,11108],{},[15,20685,11247],{},[33,20687,20688,20691,20696,20699],{},[36,20689,20690],{},"A key might not exist",[36,20692,20693,20694],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20695,20199],{},[36,20697,20698],{},"You are reading optional data",[36,20700,20701],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20703,20704],{},"Example with optional user data:",[64,20706,20708],{"className":66,"code":20707,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20709,20710,20752,20756,20781,20807],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,20711,20712,20714,20716,20718,20720,20722,20724,20726,20728,20731,20733,20735,20737,20739,20741,20743,20745,20748,20750],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,20713,11998],{"class":216},[73,20715,221],{"class":220},[73,20717,10997],{"class":83},[73,20719,94],{"class":93},[73,20721,8496],{"class":97},[73,20723,94],{"class":93},[73,20725,1063],{"class":83},[73,20727,224],{"class":93},[73,20729,20730],{"class":97},"sam",[73,20732,94],{"class":93},[73,20734,140],{"class":83},[73,20736,224],{"class":93},[73,20738,15768],{"class":97},[73,20740,94],{"class":93},[73,20742,1063],{"class":83},[73,20744,224],{"class":93},[73,20746,20747],{"class":97},"sam@example.com",[73,20749,94],{"class":93},[73,20751,9814],{"class":83},[73,20753,20754],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,20755,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,20757,20758,20760,20762,20764,20766,20768,20770,20772,20774,20776,20778],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,20759,80],{"class":79},[73,20761,84],{"class":83},[73,20763,12092],{"class":245},[73,20765,653],{"class":83},[73,20767,20262],{"class":245},[73,20769,84],{"class":83},[73,20771,94],{"class":93},[73,20773,8496],{"class":97},[73,20775,94],{"class":93},[73,20777,5874],{"class":83},[73,20779,20780],{"class":769},"              # sam\n",[73,20782,20783,20785,20787,20789,20791,20793,20795,20797,20800,20802,20804],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,20784,80],{"class":79},[73,20786,84],{"class":83},[73,20788,12092],{"class":245},[73,20790,653],{"class":83},[73,20792,20262],{"class":245},[73,20794,84],{"class":83},[73,20796,94],{"class":93},[73,20798,20799],{"class":97},"phone",[73,20801,94],{"class":93},[73,20803,5874],{"class":83},[73,20805,20806],{"class":769},"                 # None\n",[73,20808,20809,20811,20813,20815,20817,20819,20821,20823,20825,20827,20829,20831,20834,20836,20838],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,20810,80],{"class":79},[73,20812,84],{"class":83},[73,20814,12092],{"class":245},[73,20816,653],{"class":83},[73,20818,20262],{"class":245},[73,20820,84],{"class":83},[73,20822,94],{"class":93},[73,20824,20799],{"class":97},[73,20826,94],{"class":93},[73,20828,140],{"class":83},[73,20830,224],{"class":93},[73,20832,20833],{"class":97},"Not provided",[73,20835,94],{"class":93},[73,20837,5874],{"class":83},[73,20839,20840],{"class":769}," # Not provided\n",[20,20842,20843],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20845,20846,20847,653],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[646,20848,17108],{"href":17107},[59,20850,20852,20854],{"id":20851},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20853,11247],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20856,20857],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[64,20859,20861],{"className":66,"code":20860,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20862,20863,20877],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,20864,20865,20867,20869,20871,20873,20875],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,20866,9710],{"class":216},[73,20868,4410],{"class":83},[73,20870,94],{"class":93},[73,20872,15350],{"class":97},[73,20874,94],{"class":93},[73,20876,924],{"class":83},[73,20878,20879,20881,20883,20885,20887,20889,20891,20893],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,20880,9710],{"class":216},[73,20882,653],{"class":83},[73,20884,20262],{"class":245},[73,20886,84],{"class":83},[73,20888,94],{"class":93},[73,20890,15350],{"class":97},[73,20892,94],{"class":93},[73,20894,249],{"class":83},[20,20896,20897],{},"The difference is important.",[403,20899,20901],{"id":20900},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20903,20904,20905,653],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20906,20199],{},[64,20908,20910],{"className":66,"code":20909,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20911,20912,20936,20940,20962],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,20913,20914,20916,20918,20920,20922,20924,20926,20928,20930,20932,20934],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,20915,9672],{"class":216},[73,20917,221],{"class":220},[73,20919,10997],{"class":83},[73,20921,94],{"class":93},[73,20923,8177],{"class":97},[73,20925,94],{"class":93},[73,20927,1063],{"class":83},[73,20929,224],{"class":93},[73,20931,13391],{"class":97},[73,20933,94],{"class":93},[73,20935,9814],{"class":83},[73,20937,20938],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,20939,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,20941,20942,20944,20946,20948,20950,20952,20954,20956,20959],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,20943,80],{"class":79},[73,20945,84],{"class":83},[73,20947,9710],{"class":245},[73,20949,4410],{"class":83},[73,20951,94],{"class":93},[73,20953,8177],{"class":97},[73,20955,94],{"class":93},[73,20957,20958],{"class":83},"])",[73,20960,20961],{"class":769},"   # Ana\n",[73,20963,20964,20966,20968,20970,20972,20974,20976,20978,20980],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,20965,80],{"class":79},[73,20967,84],{"class":83},[73,20969,9710],{"class":245},[73,20971,4410],{"class":83},[73,20973,94],{"class":93},[73,20975,10915],{"class":97},[73,20977,94],{"class":93},[73,20979,20958],{"class":83},[73,20981,20982],{"class":769},"   # KeyError\n",[403,20984,20985],{"id":20262},[15,20986,11247],{},[20,20988,20989,20991],{},[15,20990,11247],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[64,20993,20995],{"className":66,"code":20994,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20996,20997,21021,21025,21049],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,20998,20999,21001,21003,21005,21007,21009,21011,21013,21015,21017,21019],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,21000,9672],{"class":216},[73,21002,221],{"class":220},[73,21004,10997],{"class":83},[73,21006,94],{"class":93},[73,21008,8177],{"class":97},[73,21010,94],{"class":93},[73,21012,1063],{"class":83},[73,21014,224],{"class":93},[73,21016,13391],{"class":97},[73,21018,94],{"class":93},[73,21020,9814],{"class":83},[73,21022,21023],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,21024,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,21026,21027,21029,21031,21033,21035,21037,21039,21041,21043,21045,21047],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,21028,80],{"class":79},[73,21030,84],{"class":83},[73,21032,9710],{"class":245},[73,21034,653],{"class":83},[73,21036,20262],{"class":245},[73,21038,84],{"class":83},[73,21040,94],{"class":93},[73,21042,8177],{"class":97},[73,21044,94],{"class":93},[73,21046,5874],{"class":83},[73,21048,20961],{"class":769},[73,21050,21051,21053,21055,21057,21059,21061,21063,21065,21067,21069,21071],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,21052,80],{"class":79},[73,21054,84],{"class":83},[73,21056,9710],{"class":245},[73,21058,653],{"class":83},[73,21060,20262],{"class":245},[73,21062,84],{"class":83},[73,21064,94],{"class":93},[73,21066,10915],{"class":97},[73,21068,94],{"class":93},[73,21070,5874],{"class":83},[73,21072,21073],{"class":769},"   # None\n",[20,21075,19207],{},[33,21077,21078,21084],{},[36,21079,21080,21081],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[1194,21082,21083],{},"must exist",[36,21085,21086,21088,21089],{},[15,21087,11247],{}," when the key is ",[1194,21090,21091],{},"optional",[20,21093,21094,21095,653],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[646,21096,11771],{"href":11582},[59,21098,21100],{"id":21099},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,21102,21103,21104,21106],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,21105,11247],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[64,21108,21110],{"className":66,"code":21109,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,21111,21112,21137,21141],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,21113,21114,21117,21119,21121,21123,21125,21127,21129,21131,21133,21135],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,21115,21116],{"class":216},"profile ",[73,21118,221],{"class":220},[73,21120,10997],{"class":83},[73,21122,94],{"class":93},[73,21124,8177],{"class":97},[73,21126,94],{"class":93},[73,21128,1063],{"class":83},[73,21130,224],{"class":93},[73,21132,8432],{"class":97},[73,21134,94],{"class":93},[73,21136,9814],{"class":83},[73,21138,21139],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,21140,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,21142,21143,21145,21147,21150,21152,21154,21156,21158,21160,21162,21164,21166,21169,21171,21173],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,21144,80],{"class":79},[73,21146,84],{"class":83},[73,21148,21149],{"class":245},"profile",[73,21151,653],{"class":83},[73,21153,20262],{"class":245},[73,21155,84],{"class":83},[73,21157,94],{"class":93},[73,21159,15771],{"class":97},[73,21161,94],{"class":93},[73,21163,140],{"class":83},[73,21165,224],{"class":93},[73,21167,21168],{"class":97},"Unknown",[73,21170,94],{"class":93},[73,21172,5874],{"class":83},[73,21174,21175],{"class":769},"  # Unknown\n",[20,21177,21178],{},"This is useful for display text:",[33,21180,21181,21186,21191],{},[36,21182,21183],{},[15,21184,21185],{},"\"Unknown\"",[36,21187,21188],{},[15,21189,21190],{},"\"Not set\"",[36,21192,21193],{},[15,21194,21195],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,21197,21198],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[64,21200,21202],{"className":66,"code":21201,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,21203,21204,21236,21240,21267],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,21205,21206,21208,21210,21212,21214,21216,21218,21220,21222,21224,21226,21228,21230,21232,21234],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,21207,5577],{"class":216},[73,21209,221],{"class":220},[73,21211,10997],{"class":83},[73,21213,94],{"class":93},[73,21215,18929],{"class":97},[73,21217,94],{"class":93},[73,21219,1063],{"class":83},[73,21221,6516],{"class":116},[73,21223,140],{"class":83},[73,21225,224],{"class":93},[73,21227,18938],{"class":97},[73,21229,94],{"class":93},[73,21231,1063],{"class":83},[73,21233,594],{"class":116},[73,21235,9814],{"class":83},[73,21237,21238],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,21239,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,21241,21242,21245,21247,21249,21251,21253,21255,21257,21259,21261,21263,21265],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,21243,21244],{"class":216},"total_history ",[73,21246,221],{"class":220},[73,21248,5624],{"class":216},[73,21250,653],{"class":83},[73,21252,20262],{"class":245},[73,21254,84],{"class":83},[73,21256,94],{"class":93},[73,21258,18947],{"class":97},[73,21260,94],{"class":93},[73,21262,140],{"class":83},[73,21264,4345],{"class":116},[73,21266,249],{"class":83},[73,21268,21269,21271,21273,21276,21278],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,21270,80],{"class":79},[73,21272,84],{"class":83},[73,21274,21275],{"class":245},"total_history",[73,21277,4177],{"class":83},[73,21279,21280],{"class":769},"   # 0\n",[20,21282,21283,21284,21286],{},"Here, ",[15,21285,806],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,21288,21289],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[33,21291,21292,21295,21300,21305],{},[36,21293,21294],{},"Use a string for text",[36,21296,171,21297,21299],{},[15,21298,806],{}," for numbers",[36,21301,171,21302,21304],{},[15,21303,4300],{}," for lists if needed",[36,21306,171,21307,21309],{},[15,21308,4305],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[59,21311,21313],{"id":21312},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,21315,21316,21317,653],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,21318,11247],{},[403,21320,21322,21324],{"id":21321},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,21323,11247],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,21326,21327,21328,21330],{},"This code does ",[1194,21329,1196],{}," create a new key:",[64,21332,21334],{"className":66,"code":21333,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,21335,21336,21360,21364,21389],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,21337,21338,21340,21342,21344,21346,21348,21350,21352,21354,21356,21358],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,21339,13715],{"class":216},[73,21341,221],{"class":220},[73,21343,10997],{"class":83},[73,21345,94],{"class":93},[73,21347,8177],{"class":97},[73,21349,94],{"class":93},[73,21351,1063],{"class":83},[73,21353,224],{"class":93},[73,21355,13391],{"class":97},[73,21357,94],{"class":93},[73,21359,9814],{"class":83},[73,21361,21362],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,21363,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,21365,21366,21368,21370,21372,21374,21376,21378,21380,21382,21384,21386],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,21367,80],{"class":79},[73,21369,84],{"class":83},[73,21371,17818],{"class":245},[73,21373,653],{"class":83},[73,21375,20262],{"class":245},[73,21377,84],{"class":83},[73,21379,94],{"class":93},[73,21381,10915],{"class":97},[73,21383,94],{"class":93},[73,21385,5874],{"class":83},[73,21387,21388],{"class":769},"  # None\n",[73,21390,21391,21393,21395,21397,21399],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,21392,80],{"class":79},[73,21394,84],{"class":83},[73,21396,17818],{"class":245},[73,21398,4177],{"class":83},[73,21400,21401],{"class":769},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,21403,21404],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[403,21406,21408,21410],{"id":21407},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,21409,11247],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,21412,21413],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[64,21415,21417],{"className":66,"code":21416,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,21418,21419,21445,21449,21475],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,21420,21421,21423,21425,21427,21429,21432,21434,21436,21438,21441,21443],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,21422,14337],{"class":216},[73,21424,221],{"class":220},[73,21426,10997],{"class":83},[73,21428,94],{"class":93},[73,21430,21431],{"class":97},"mode",[73,21433,94],{"class":93},[73,21435,1063],{"class":83},[73,21437,224],{"class":93},[73,21439,21440],{"class":97},"light",[73,21442,94],{"class":93},[73,21444,9814],{"class":83},[73,21446,21447],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,21448,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,21450,21451,21453,21455,21457,21459,21461,21463,21465,21467,21469,21471,21473],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,21452,14396],{"class":216},[73,21454,653],{"class":83},[73,21456,20262],{"class":245},[73,21458,84],{"class":83},[73,21460,94],{"class":93},[73,21462,13006],{"class":97},[73,21464,94],{"class":93},[73,21466,140],{"class":83},[73,21468,224],{"class":93},[73,21470,13015],{"class":97},[73,21472,94],{"class":93},[73,21474,249],{"class":83},[73,21476,21477,21479,21481,21483,21485],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,21478,80],{"class":79},[73,21480,84],{"class":83},[73,21482,14396],{"class":245},[73,21484,4177],{"class":83},[73,21486,21487],{"class":769},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,21489,21490,21491,21494],{},"Even though ",[15,21492,21493],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[403,21496,21498,21499],{"id":21497},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,21500,1842],{},[20,21502,21503,21504,2928,21506,21508],{},"Sometimes ",[15,21505,11247],{},[15,21507,1842],{}," because:",[33,21510,21511,21514],{},[36,21512,21513],{},"The key is missing, or",[36,21515,21516,21517],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,21518,1842],{},[20,21520,206],{},[64,21522,21524],{"className":66,"code":21523,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,21525,21526,21563,21567,21591],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,21527,21528,21530,21532,21534,21536,21538,21540,21542,21544,21546,21548,21550,21552,21555,21557,21559,21561],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,21529,9672],{"class":216},[73,21531,221],{"class":220},[73,21533,10997],{"class":83},[73,21535,94],{"class":93},[73,21537,8177],{"class":97},[73,21539,94],{"class":93},[73,21541,1063],{"class":83},[73,21543,224],{"class":93},[73,21545,13391],{"class":97},[73,21547,94],{"class":93},[73,21549,140],{"class":83},[73,21551,224],{"class":93},[73,21553,21554],{"class":97},"nickname",[73,21556,94],{"class":93},[73,21558,1063],{"class":83},[73,21560,4364],{"class":484},[73,21562,9814],{"class":83},[73,21564,21565],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,21566,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,21568,21569,21571,21573,21575,21577,21579,21581,21583,21585,21587,21589],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,21570,80],{"class":79},[73,21572,84],{"class":83},[73,21574,9710],{"class":245},[73,21576,653],{"class":83},[73,21578,20262],{"class":245},[73,21580,84],{"class":83},[73,21582,94],{"class":93},[73,21584,21554],{"class":97},[73,21586,94],{"class":93},[73,21588,5874],{"class":83},[73,21590,21388],{"class":769},[73,21592,21593,21595,21597,21599,21601,21603,21605,21607,21609,21611,21613],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,21594,80],{"class":79},[73,21596,84],{"class":83},[73,21598,9710],{"class":245},[73,21600,653],{"class":83},[73,21602,20262],{"class":245},[73,21604,84],{"class":83},[73,21606,94],{"class":93},[73,21608,10915],{"class":97},[73,21610,94],{"class":93},[73,21612,5874],{"class":83},[73,21614,21615],{"class":769},"      # None\n",[20,21617,21618,21619,21621],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21620,1842],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21623,21624,21625,1063],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21626,940],{},[64,21628,21630],{"className":66,"code":21629,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21631,21632,21668,21672,21693],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,21633,21634,21636,21638,21640,21642,21644,21646,21648,21650,21652,21654,21656,21658,21660,21662,21664,21666],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,21635,9672],{"class":216},[73,21637,221],{"class":220},[73,21639,10997],{"class":83},[73,21641,94],{"class":93},[73,21643,8177],{"class":97},[73,21645,94],{"class":93},[73,21647,1063],{"class":83},[73,21649,224],{"class":93},[73,21651,13391],{"class":97},[73,21653,94],{"class":93},[73,21655,140],{"class":83},[73,21657,224],{"class":93},[73,21659,21554],{"class":97},[73,21661,94],{"class":93},[73,21663,1063],{"class":83},[73,21665,4364],{"class":484},[73,21667,9814],{"class":83},[73,21669,21670],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,21671,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,21673,21674,21676,21678,21680,21682,21684,21687,21689,21691],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,21675,80],{"class":79},[73,21677,84],{"class":83},[73,21679,94],{"class":93},[73,21681,21554],{"class":97},[73,21683,94],{"class":93},[73,21685,21686],{"class":933}," in",[73,21688,15076],{"class":245},[73,21690,4177],{"class":83},[73,21692,4180],{"class":769},[73,21694,21695,21697,21699,21701,21703,21705,21707,21709,21711],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,21696,80],{"class":79},[73,21698,84],{"class":83},[73,21700,94],{"class":93},[73,21702,10915],{"class":97},[73,21704,94],{"class":93},[73,21706,21686],{"class":933},[73,21708,15076],{"class":245},[73,21710,4177],{"class":83},[73,21712,21713],{"class":769},"      # False\n",[20,21715,21716,21717,653],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[646,21718,21719],{"href":17664},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[59,21721,2102],{"id":2101},[20,21723,21724,21725,1063],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21726,11247],{},[33,21728,21729,21734,21741,21746],{},[36,21730,21731,21732],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21733,20199],{},[36,21735,5217,21736,2928,21738,21740],{},[15,21737,11247],{},[15,21739,1842],{}," if no default is provided",[36,21742,5092,21743,21745],{},[15,21744,11247],{}," creates a key automatically",[36,21747,21748],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21750,21751],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[64,21753,21755],{"className":66,"code":21754,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21756,21757,21767,21781,21799,21821],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,21758,21759,21761,21763,21765],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,21760,80],{"class":79},[73,21762,84],{"class":83},[73,21764,11959],{"class":245},[73,21766,249],{"class":83},[73,21768,21769,21771,21773,21775,21777,21779],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,21770,80],{"class":79},[73,21772,84],{"class":83},[73,21774,11959],{"class":245},[73,21776,653],{"class":83},[73,21778,17434],{"class":245},[73,21780,7704],{"class":83},[73,21782,21783,21785,21787,21789,21791,21793,21795,21797],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,21784,80],{"class":79},[73,21786,84],{"class":83},[73,21788,343],{"class":93},[73,21790,8177],{"class":97},[73,21792,343],{"class":93},[73,21794,21686],{"class":933},[73,21796,12277],{"class":245},[73,21798,249],{"class":83},[73,21800,21801,21803,21805,21807,21809,21811,21813,21815,21817,21819],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,21802,80],{"class":79},[73,21804,84],{"class":83},[73,21806,11959],{"class":245},[73,21808,653],{"class":83},[73,21810,20262],{"class":245},[73,21812,84],{"class":83},[73,21814,343],{"class":93},[73,21816,8177],{"class":97},[73,21818,343],{"class":93},[73,21820,102],{"class":83},[73,21822,21823,21825,21827,21829,21831,21833,21835,21837,21839,21841,21843,21845],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,21824,80],{"class":79},[73,21826,84],{"class":83},[73,21828,288],{"class":87},[73,21830,84],{"class":83},[73,21832,11959],{"class":245},[73,21834,653],{"class":83},[73,21836,20262],{"class":245},[73,21838,84],{"class":83},[73,21840,343],{"class":93},[73,21842,8177],{"class":97},[73,21844,343],{"class":93},[73,21846,1784],{"class":83},[20,21848,21849],{},"What these checks tell you:",[33,21851,21852,21857,21863,21869,21875],{},[36,21853,21854,21856],{},[15,21855,13191],{}," shows the full dictionary",[36,21858,21859,21862],{},[15,21860,21861],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[36,21864,21865,21868],{},[15,21866,21867],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[36,21870,21871,21874],{},[15,21872,21873],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[36,21876,21877,21880],{},[15,21878,21879],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21882,21883,21884,1647,21889,21893],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[646,21885,21886,21887,11248],{"href":17573},"the dictionary ",[15,21888,17576],{},[646,21890,21886,21891,11248],{"href":17586},[15,21892,17589],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[59,21895,2350],{"id":2349},[403,21897,2354,21899,21901,21902,3023],{"id":21898},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21900,11247],{}," raise ",[15,21903,20199],{},[20,21905,21906,21907,21909],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21908,1842],{}," or the default value you provide.",[403,21911,2354,21913,21915],{"id":21912},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21914,11247],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21917,21918],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[403,21920,21922,21923,3023],{"id":21921},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21924,11247],{},[20,21926,21927,21929],{},[15,21928,1842],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[403,21931,21933,21934,21936],{"id":21932},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21935,11247],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21938,171,21939,21941],{},[15,21940,11247],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[59,21943,2413],{"id":2412},[33,21945,21946,21950,21956,21962,21966,21971],{},[36,21947,21948],{},[646,21949,9662],{"href":9661},[36,21951,21952],{},[646,21953,11244,21954,11248],{"href":17573},[15,21955,17576],{},[36,21957,21958],{},[646,21959,11244,21960,11248],{"href":17586},[15,21961,17589],{},[36,21963,21964],{},[646,21965,17665],{"href":17664},[36,21967,21968],{},[646,21969,21970],{"href":17107},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[36,21972,21973],{},[646,21974,11771],{"href":11582},[2459,21976,21977],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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brackets",[21988,21989],{"id":20900,"depth":122,"text":20901},{"id":20262,"depth":122,"text":11247},{"id":21099,"depth":105,"text":21100},{"id":21312,"depth":105,"text":21313,"children":21992},[21993,21995,21997],{"id":21321,"depth":122,"text":21994},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21407,"depth":122,"text":21996},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21497,"depth":122,"text":21998},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":22001},[22002,22004,22006,22008],{"id":21898,"depth":122,"text":22003},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21912,"depth":122,"text":22005},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21921,"depth":122,"text":22007},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21932,"depth":122,"text":22009},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":20180,"description":22011},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":22018,"title":22019,"body":22020,"description":24573,"extension":2511,"meta":24574,"navigation":254,"path":24575,"seo":24576,"stem":24577,"__hash__":24578},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":22021,"toc":24539},[22022,22027,22033,22039,22041,22122,22126,22142,22147,22152,22157,22159,22173,22175,22238,22242,22282,22290,22292,22294,22309,22312,22325,22327,22406,22410,22476,22478,22482,22490,22492,22503,22505,22615,22619,22698,22704,22710,22715,22826,22830,22862,22865,22972,22978,22985,22989,22992,23095,23099,23160,23163,23166,23177,23186,23189,23206,23208,23307,23311,23386,23389,23412,23417,23422,23439,23441,23562,23566,23600,23602,23607,23614,23624,23626,23704,23707,23778,23788,23791,23823,23826,23865,23871,23878,23881,23972,23976,24057,24063,24066,24069,24174,24177,24180,24302,24306,24309,24376,24380,24417,24423,24425,24431,24436,24442,24449,24455,24458,24497,24503,24506,24508,24536],[10,22023,11827,22025,11831],{"id":22024},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,22026,17589],{},[20,22028,1580,22029,22032],{},[15,22030,22031],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,22034,22035,22036,22038],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,22037,17589],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[59,22040,62],{"id":61},[64,22042,22044],{"className":66,"code":22043,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,22045,22046,22082,22086,22108],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,22047,22048,22050,22052,22054,22056,22058,22060,22062,22064,22066,22068,22070,22072,22074,22076,22078,22080],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,22049,13715],{"class":216},[73,22051,221],{"class":220},[73,22053,10997],{"class":83},[73,22055,94],{"class":93},[73,22057,8177],{"class":97},[73,22059,94],{"class":93},[73,22061,1063],{"class":83},[73,22063,224],{"class":93},[73,22065,13391],{"class":97},[73,22067,94],{"class":93},[73,22069,140],{"class":83},[73,22071,224],{"class":93},[73,22073,9804],{"class":97},[73,22075,94],{"class":93},[73,22077,1063],{"class":83},[73,22079,9811],{"class":116},[73,22081,9814],{"class":83},[73,22083,22084],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,22085,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,22087,22088,22090,22093,22095,22097,22099,22101,22103,22105],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,22089,934],{"class":933},[73,22091,22092],{"class":216}," key",[73,22094,140],{"class":83},[73,22096,937],{"class":216},[73,22098,940],{"class":933},[73,22100,13758],{"class":216},[73,22102,653],{"class":83},[73,22104,8320],{"class":245},[73,22106,22107],{"class":83},"():\n",[73,22109,22110,22112,22114,22116,22118,22120],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,22111,1676],{"class":79},[73,22113,84],{"class":83},[73,22115,15350],{"class":245},[73,22117,140],{"class":83},[73,22119,8942],{"class":245},[73,22121,249],{"class":83},[20,22123,22124],{},[1194,22125,148],{},[64,22127,22129],{"className":66,"code":22128,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,22130,22131,22136],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,22132,22133],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,22134,22135],{"class":216},"name Ana\n",[73,22137,22138,22140],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,22139,2056],{"class":216},[73,22141,321],{"class":116},[20,22143,171,22144,22146],{},[15,22145,17589],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[59,22148,178,22150,181],{"id":22149},"what-items-does",[15,22151,17589],{},[20,22153,22154,22156],{},[15,22155,17589],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,22158,11968],{},[33,22160,22161,22167,22170],{},[36,22162,22163,22164],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,22165,22166],{},"(key, value)",[36,22168,22169],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[36,22171,22172],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,22174,206],{},[64,22176,22178],{"className":66,"code":22177,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22179,22180,22216,22220],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,22181,22182,22184,22186,22188,22190,22192,22194,22196,22198,22200,22202,22204,22206,22208,22210,22212,22214],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,22183,13715],{"class":216},[73,22185,221],{"class":220},[73,22187,10997],{"class":83},[73,22189,94],{"class":93},[73,22191,8177],{"class":97},[73,22193,94],{"class":93},[73,22195,1063],{"class":83},[73,22197,224],{"class":93},[73,22199,13391],{"class":97},[73,22201,94],{"class":93},[73,22203,140],{"class":83},[73,22205,224],{"class":93},[73,22207,9804],{"class":97},[73,22209,94],{"class":93},[73,22211,1063],{"class":83},[73,22213,9811],{"class":116},[73,22215,9814],{"class":83},[73,22217,22218],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,22219,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,22221,22222,22224,22226,22228,22230,22232,22234,22236],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,22223,80],{"class":79},[73,22225,84],{"class":83},[73,22227,8604],{"class":87},[73,22229,84],{"class":83},[73,22231,17818],{"class":245},[73,22233,653],{"class":83},[73,22235,8320],{"class":245},[73,22237,6801],{"class":83},[20,22239,22240],{},[1194,22241,148],{},[64,22243,22245],{"className":66,"code":22244,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22246,22247],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,22248,22249,22252,22254,22256,22258,22260,22262,22264,22266,22268,22270,22272,22274,22276,22278,22280],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,22250,22251],{"class":83},"[(",[73,22253,343],{"class":93},[73,22255,8177],{"class":97},[73,22257,343],{"class":93},[73,22259,140],{"class":83},[73,22261,337],{"class":93},[73,22263,13391],{"class":97},[73,22265,343],{"class":93},[73,22267,9739],{"class":83},[73,22269,9742],{"class":83},[73,22271,343],{"class":93},[73,22273,9804],{"class":97},[73,22275,343],{"class":93},[73,22277,140],{"class":83},[73,22279,9811],{"class":116},[73,22281,9755],{"class":83},[20,22283,22284,22285,3408,22287,653],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[646,22286,9662],{"href":13534},[646,22288,15534],{"href":22289},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[59,22291,370],{"id":369},[20,22293,5947],{},[64,22295,22297],{"className":66,"code":22296,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,22298,22299],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,22300,22301,22303,22305,22307],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,22302,11959],{"class":216},[73,22304,653],{"class":83},[73,22306,8320],{"class":245},[73,22308,9151],{"class":83},[20,22310,22311],{},"Things to remember:",[33,22313,22314,22319,22322],{},[36,22315,22316,22318],{},[15,22317,17589],{}," does not take any arguments",[36,22320,22321],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[36,22323,22324],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,22326,206],{},[64,22328,22330],{"className":66,"code":22329,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,22331,22332,22364,22368,22382,22386,22396],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,22333,22334,22336,22338,22340,22342,22344,22346,22348,22350,22352,22354,22356,22358,22360,22362],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,22335,5577],{"class":216},[73,22337,221],{"class":220},[73,22339,10997],{"class":83},[73,22341,94],{"class":93},[73,22343,5517],{"class":97},[73,22345,94],{"class":93},[73,22347,1063],{"class":83},[73,22349,20410],{"class":116},[73,22351,140],{"class":83},[73,22353,224],{"class":93},[73,22355,5526],{"class":97},[73,22357,94],{"class":93},[73,22359,1063],{"class":83},[73,22361,14018],{"class":116},[73,22363,9814],{"class":83},[73,22365,22366],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,22367,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,22369,22370,22372,22374,22376,22378,22380],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,22371,2766],{"class":216},[73,22373,221],{"class":220},[73,22375,5624],{"class":216},[73,22377,653],{"class":83},[73,22379,8320],{"class":245},[73,22381,9151],{"class":83},[73,22383,22384],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,22385,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,22387,22388,22390,22392,22394],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,22389,80],{"class":79},[73,22391,84],{"class":83},[73,22393,2800],{"class":245},[73,22395,249],{"class":83},[73,22397,22398,22400,22402,22404],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,22399,80],{"class":79},[73,22401,84],{"class":83},[73,22403,16899],{"class":245},[73,22405,249],{"class":83},[20,22407,22408],{},[1194,22409,148],{},[64,22411,22413],{"className":66,"code":22412,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,22414,22415,22448],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,22416,22417,22420,22422,22424,22426,22428,22430,22432,22434,22436,22438,22440,22442,22444,22446],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,22418,22419],{"class":245},"dict_items",[73,22421,10163],{"class":83},[73,22423,343],{"class":93},[73,22425,5517],{"class":97},[73,22427,343],{"class":93},[73,22429,140],{"class":83},[73,22431,20410],{"class":116},[73,22433,9739],{"class":83},[73,22435,9742],{"class":83},[73,22437,343],{"class":93},[73,22439,5526],{"class":97},[73,22441,343],{"class":93},[73,22443,140],{"class":83},[73,22445,14018],{"class":116},[73,22447,11186],{"class":83},[73,22449,22450,22452,22454,22456,22458,22460,22462,22464,22466,22468,22470,22472,22474],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,22451,999],{"class":83},[73,22453,343],{"class":93},[73,22455,5517],{"class":97},[73,22457,343],{"class":93},[73,22459,1063],{"class":83},[73,22461,20410],{"class":116},[73,22463,140],{"class":83},[73,22465,337],{"class":93},[73,22467,5526],{"class":97},[73,22469,343],{"class":93},[73,22471,1063],{"class":83},[73,22473,14018],{"class":116},[73,22475,9814],{"class":83},[20,22477,21404],{},[59,22479,22481],{"id":22480},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,22483,22484,22486,22487,22489],{},[15,22485,17589],{}," returns a ",[15,22488,22419],{}," view object.",[20,22491,2649],{},[33,22493,22494,22497,22500],{},[36,22495,22496],{},"You can loop over it",[36,22498,22499],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[36,22501,22502],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,22504,206],{},[64,22506,22508],{"className":66,"code":22507,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,22509,22510,22542,22556,22560,22574,22578,22597,22601],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,22511,22512,22514,22516,22518,22520,22522,22524,22526,22528,22530,22532,22534,22536,22538,22540],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,22513,9672],{"class":216},[73,22515,221],{"class":220},[73,22517,10997],{"class":83},[73,22519,94],{"class":93},[73,22521,384],{"class":97},[73,22523,94],{"class":93},[73,22525,1063],{"class":83},[73,22527,2085],{"class":116},[73,22529,140],{"class":83},[73,22531,224],{"class":93},[73,22533,12256],{"class":97},[73,22535,94],{"class":93},[73,22537,1063],{"class":83},[73,22539,143],{"class":116},[73,22541,9814],{"class":83},[73,22543,22544,22546,22548,22550,22552,22554],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,22545,9721],{"class":216},[73,22547,221],{"class":220},[73,22549,15076],{"class":216},[73,22551,653],{"class":83},[73,22553,8320],{"class":245},[73,22555,9151],{"class":83},[73,22557,22558],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,22559,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,22561,22562,22564,22566,22568,22570,22572],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,22563,80],{"class":79},[73,22565,84],{"class":83},[73,22567,8604],{"class":87},[73,22569,84],{"class":83},[73,22571,9768],{"class":245},[73,22573,102],{"class":83},[73,22575,22576],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,22577,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,22579,22580,22582,22584,22586,22589,22591,22593,22595],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,22581,9710],{"class":216},[73,22583,4410],{"class":83},[73,22585,94],{"class":93},[73,22587,22588],{"class":97},"z",[73,22590,94],{"class":93},[73,22592,13784],{"class":83},[73,22594,13787],{"class":220},[73,22596,3109],{"class":116},[73,22598,22599],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,22600,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,22602,22603,22605,22607,22609,22611,22613],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,22604,80],{"class":79},[73,22606,84],{"class":83},[73,22608,8604],{"class":87},[73,22610,84],{"class":83},[73,22612,9768],{"class":245},[73,22614,102],{"class":83},[20,22616,22617],{},[1194,22618,148],{},[64,22620,22622],{"className":66,"code":22621,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22623,22624,22654],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,22625,22626,22628,22630,22632,22634,22636,22638,22640,22642,22644,22646,22648,22650,22652],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,22627,22251],{"class":83},[73,22629,343],{"class":93},[73,22631,384],{"class":97},[73,22633,343],{"class":93},[73,22635,140],{"class":83},[73,22637,2085],{"class":116},[73,22639,9739],{"class":83},[73,22641,9742],{"class":83},[73,22643,343],{"class":93},[73,22645,12256],{"class":97},[73,22647,343],{"class":93},[73,22649,140],{"class":83},[73,22651,143],{"class":116},[73,22653,9755],{"class":83},[73,22655,22656,22658,22660,22662,22664,22666,22668,22670,22672,22674,22676,22678,22680,22682,22684,22686,22688,22690,22692,22694,22696],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,22657,22251],{"class":83},[73,22659,343],{"class":93},[73,22661,384],{"class":97},[73,22663,343],{"class":93},[73,22665,140],{"class":83},[73,22667,2085],{"class":116},[73,22669,9739],{"class":83},[73,22671,9742],{"class":83},[73,22673,343],{"class":93},[73,22675,12256],{"class":97},[73,22677,343],{"class":93},[73,22679,140],{"class":83},[73,22681,143],{"class":116},[73,22683,9739],{"class":83},[73,22685,9742],{"class":83},[73,22687,343],{"class":93},[73,22689,22588],{"class":97},[73,22691,343],{"class":93},[73,22693,140],{"class":83},[73,22695,2982],{"class":116},[73,22697,9755],{"class":83},[20,22699,22700,22701,22703],{},"This happens because ",[15,22702,9768],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[59,22705,22707,22708],{"id":22706},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22709,17589],{},[20,22711,22712,22713,1063],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22714,17589],{},[64,22716,22718],{"className":66,"code":22717,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22719,22720,22773,22777,22797],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,22721,22722,22724,22726,22728,22730,22732,22734,22736,22738,22740,22742,22744,22746,22748,22750,22752,22754,22757,22759,22761,22763,22765,22767,22769,22771],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,22723,13374],{"class":216},[73,22725,221],{"class":220},[73,22727,10997],{"class":83},[73,22729,94],{"class":93},[73,22731,8177],{"class":97},[73,22733,94],{"class":93},[73,22735,1063],{"class":83},[73,22737,224],{"class":93},[73,22739,8432],{"class":97},[73,22741,94],{"class":93},[73,22743,140],{"class":83},[73,22745,224],{"class":93},[73,22747,20403],{"class":97},[73,22749,94],{"class":93},[73,22751,1063],{"class":83},[73,22753,224],{"class":93},[73,22755,22756],{"class":97},"A",[73,22758,94],{"class":93},[73,22760,140],{"class":83},[73,22762,224],{"class":93},[73,22764,9804],{"class":97},[73,22766,94],{"class":93},[73,22768,1063],{"class":83},[73,22770,14369],{"class":116},[73,22772,9814],{"class":83},[73,22774,22775],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,22776,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,22778,22779,22781,22783,22785,22787,22789,22791,22793,22795],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,22780,934],{"class":933},[73,22782,22092],{"class":216},[73,22784,140],{"class":83},[73,22786,937],{"class":216},[73,22788,940],{"class":933},[73,22790,13417],{"class":216},[73,22792,653],{"class":83},[73,22794,8320],{"class":245},[73,22796,22107],{"class":83},[73,22798,22799,22801,22803,22805,22807,22809,22811,22813,22816,22818,22820,22822,22824],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,22800,1676],{"class":79},[73,22802,84],{"class":83},[73,22804,994],{"class":333},[73,22806,94],{"class":97},[73,22808,999],{"class":116},[73,22810,15350],{"class":245},[73,22812,1007],{"class":116},[73,22814,22815],{"class":97},": ",[73,22817,999],{"class":116},[73,22819,967],{"class":245},[73,22821,1007],{"class":116},[73,22823,94],{"class":97},[73,22825,249],{"class":83},[20,22827,22828],{},[1194,22829,148],{},[64,22831,22833],{"className":66,"code":22832,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22834,22835,22844,22853],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,22836,22837,22839,22841],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,22838,8177],{"class":216},[73,22840,1063],{"class":83},[73,22842,22843],{"class":216}," Mia\n",[73,22845,22846,22848,22850],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,22847,20403],{"class":216},[73,22849,1063],{"class":83},[73,22851,22852],{"class":216}," A\n",[73,22854,22855,22857,22859],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,22856,9804],{"class":216},[73,22858,1063],{"class":83},[73,22860,22861],{"class":116}," 14\n",[20,22863,22864],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[64,22866,22868],{"className":66,"code":22867,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22869,22870,22922,22926,22938],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,22871,22872,22874,22876,22878,22880,22882,22884,22886,22888,22890,22892,22894,22896,22898,22900,22902,22904,22906,22908,22910,22912,22914,22916,22918,22920],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,22873,13374],{"class":216},[73,22875,221],{"class":220},[73,22877,10997],{"class":83},[73,22879,94],{"class":93},[73,22881,8177],{"class":97},[73,22883,94],{"class":93},[73,22885,1063],{"class":83},[73,22887,224],{"class":93},[73,22889,8432],{"class":97},[73,22891,94],{"class":93},[73,22893,140],{"class":83},[73,22895,224],{"class":93},[73,22897,20403],{"class":97},[73,22899,94],{"class":93},[73,22901,1063],{"class":83},[73,22903,224],{"class":93},[73,22905,22756],{"class":97},[73,22907,94],{"class":93},[73,22909,140],{"class":83},[73,22911,224],{"class":93},[73,22913,9804],{"class":97},[73,22915,94],{"class":93},[73,22917,1063],{"class":83},[73,22919,14369],{"class":116},[73,22921,9814],{"class":83},[73,22923,22924],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,22925,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,22927,22928,22930,22932,22934,22936],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,22929,934],{"class":933},[73,22931,18721],{"class":216},[73,22933,940],{"class":933},[73,22935,13417],{"class":216},[73,22937,946],{"class":83},[73,22939,22940,22942,22944,22946,22948,22950,22952,22954,22956,22958,22960,22962,22964,22966,22968,22970],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,22941,1676],{"class":79},[73,22943,84],{"class":83},[73,22945,994],{"class":333},[73,22947,94],{"class":97},[73,22949,999],{"class":116},[73,22951,15350],{"class":245},[73,22953,1007],{"class":116},[73,22955,22815],{"class":97},[73,22957,999],{"class":116},[73,22959,14137],{"class":245},[73,22961,4410],{"class":83},[73,22963,15350],{"class":245},[73,22965,13784],{"class":83},[73,22967,1007],{"class":116},[73,22969,94],{"class":97},[73,22971,249],{"class":83},[20,22973,7019,22974,22977],{},[15,22975,22976],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22979,22980,22981,653],{},"For a full guide, see ",[646,22982,22984],{"href":22983},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[59,22986,22988],{"id":22987},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22990,22991],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[64,22993,22995],{"className":66,"code":22994,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22996,22997,23056,23060,23080,23084],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,22998,22999,23001,23003,23005,23007,23009,23011,23013,23015,23017,23019,23021,23023,23025,23027,23029,23031,23034,23036,23038,23040,23043,23045,23047,23049,23052,23054],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,23000,13586],{"class":216},[73,23002,221],{"class":220},[73,23004,10997],{"class":83},[73,23006,94],{"class":93},[73,23008,4590],{"class":97},[73,23010,94],{"class":93},[73,23012,1063],{"class":83},[73,23014,224],{"class":93},[73,23016,13603],{"class":97},[73,23018,94],{"class":93},[73,23020,140],{"class":83},[73,23022,224],{"class":93},[73,23024,4599],{"class":97},[73,23026,94],{"class":93},[73,23028,1063],{"class":83},[73,23030,224],{"class":93},[73,23032,23033],{"class":97},"yellow",[73,23035,94],{"class":93},[73,23037,140],{"class":83},[73,23039,224],{"class":93},[73,23041,23042],{"class":97},"grape",[73,23044,94],{"class":93},[73,23046,1063],{"class":83},[73,23048,224],{"class":93},[73,23050,23051],{"class":97},"purple",[73,23053,94],{"class":93},[73,23055,9814],{"class":83},[73,23057,23058],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,23059,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,23061,23062,23065,23067,23070,23072,23074,23076,23078],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,23063,23064],{"class":216},"pairs_list ",[73,23066,221],{"class":220},[73,23068,23069],{"class":87}," list",[73,23071,84],{"class":83},[73,23073,18014],{"class":245},[73,23075,653],{"class":83},[73,23077,8320],{"class":245},[73,23079,7704],{"class":83},[73,23081,23082],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,23083,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,23085,23086,23088,23090,23093],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,23087,80],{"class":79},[73,23089,84],{"class":83},[73,23091,23092],{"class":245},"pairs_list",[73,23094,249],{"class":83},[20,23096,23097],{},[1194,23098,148],{},[64,23100,23102],{"className":66,"code":23101,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,23103,23104],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,23105,23106,23108,23110,23112,23114,23116,23118,23120,23122,23124,23126,23128,23130,23132,23134,23136,23138,23140,23142,23144,23146,23148,23150,23152,23154,23156,23158],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,23107,22251],{"class":83},[73,23109,343],{"class":93},[73,23111,4590],{"class":97},[73,23113,343],{"class":93},[73,23115,140],{"class":83},[73,23117,337],{"class":93},[73,23119,13603],{"class":97},[73,23121,343],{"class":93},[73,23123,9739],{"class":83},[73,23125,9742],{"class":83},[73,23127,343],{"class":93},[73,23129,4599],{"class":97},[73,23131,343],{"class":93},[73,23133,140],{"class":83},[73,23135,337],{"class":93},[73,23137,23033],{"class":97},[73,23139,343],{"class":93},[73,23141,9739],{"class":83},[73,23143,9742],{"class":83},[73,23145,343],{"class":93},[73,23147,23042],{"class":97},[73,23149,343],{"class":93},[73,23151,140],{"class":83},[73,23153,337],{"class":93},[73,23155,23051],{"class":97},[73,23157,343],{"class":93},[73,23159,9755],{"class":83},[20,23161,23162],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,23164,23165],{},"Use this when:",[33,23167,23168,23171,23174],{},[36,23169,23170],{},"You want clearer printed output",[36,23172,23173],{},"You need list behavior",[36,23175,23176],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[59,23178,23180,11092,23182,11092,23184],{"id":23179},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,23181,17589],{},[15,23183,17576],{},[15,23185,17582],{},[20,23187,23188],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[33,23190,23191,23196,23201],{},[36,23192,23193,23195],{},[15,23194,17589],{}," gives both key and value",[36,23197,23198,23200],{},[15,23199,17576],{}," gives only keys",[36,23202,23203,23205],{},[15,23204,17582],{}," gives only values",[20,23207,206],{},[64,23209,23211],{"className":66,"code":23210,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,23212,23213,23249,23253,23271,23289],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,23214,23215,23217,23219,23221,23223,23225,23227,23229,23231,23233,23235,23237,23239,23241,23243,23245,23247],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,23216,13715],{"class":216},[73,23218,221],{"class":220},[73,23220,10997],{"class":83},[73,23222,94],{"class":93},[73,23224,8177],{"class":97},[73,23226,94],{"class":93},[73,23228,1063],{"class":83},[73,23230,224],{"class":93},[73,23232,13391],{"class":97},[73,23234,94],{"class":93},[73,23236,140],{"class":83},[73,23238,224],{"class":93},[73,23240,9804],{"class":97},[73,23242,94],{"class":93},[73,23244,1063],{"class":83},[73,23246,9811],{"class":116},[73,23248,9814],{"class":83},[73,23250,23251],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,23252,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,23254,23255,23257,23259,23261,23263,23265,23267,23269],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,23256,80],{"class":79},[73,23258,84],{"class":83},[73,23260,8604],{"class":87},[73,23262,84],{"class":83},[73,23264,17818],{"class":245},[73,23266,653],{"class":83},[73,23268,17434],{"class":245},[73,23270,6801],{"class":83},[73,23272,23273,23275,23277,23279,23281,23283,23285,23287],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,23274,80],{"class":79},[73,23276,84],{"class":83},[73,23278,8604],{"class":87},[73,23280,84],{"class":83},[73,23282,17818],{"class":245},[73,23284,653],{"class":83},[73,23286,5871],{"class":245},[73,23288,6801],{"class":83},[73,23290,23291,23293,23295,23297,23299,23301,23303,23305],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,23292,80],{"class":79},[73,23294,84],{"class":83},[73,23296,8604],{"class":87},[73,23298,84],{"class":83},[73,23300,17818],{"class":245},[73,23302,653],{"class":83},[73,23304,8320],{"class":245},[73,23306,6801],{"class":83},[20,23308,23309],{},[1194,23310,148],{},[64,23312,23314],{"className":66,"code":23313,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,23315,23316,23336,23352],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,23317,23318,23320,23322,23324,23326,23328,23330,23332,23334],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,23319,4410],{"class":83},[73,23321,343],{"class":93},[73,23323,8177],{"class":97},[73,23325,343],{"class":93},[73,23327,140],{"class":83},[73,23329,337],{"class":93},[73,23331,9804],{"class":97},[73,23333,343],{"class":93},[73,23335,924],{"class":83},[73,23337,23338,23340,23342,23344,23346,23348,23350],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,23339,4410],{"class":83},[73,23341,343],{"class":93},[73,23343,13391],{"class":97},[73,23345,343],{"class":93},[73,23347,140],{"class":83},[73,23349,9811],{"class":116},[73,23351,924],{"class":83},[73,23353,23354,23356,23358,23360,23362,23364,23366,23368,23370,23372,23374,23376,23378,23380,23382,23384],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,23355,22251],{"class":83},[73,23357,343],{"class":93},[73,23359,8177],{"class":97},[73,23361,343],{"class":93},[73,23363,140],{"class":83},[73,23365,337],{"class":93},[73,23367,13391],{"class":97},[73,23369,343],{"class":93},[73,23371,9739],{"class":83},[73,23373,9742],{"class":83},[73,23375,343],{"class":93},[73,23377,9804],{"class":97},[73,23379,343],{"class":93},[73,23381,140],{"class":83},[73,23383,9811],{"class":116},[73,23385,9755],{"class":83},[20,23387,23388],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[33,23390,23391,23399,23407],{},[36,23392,23393,23394],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[646,23395,23397],{"href":23396},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23398,17576],{},[36,23400,23401,23402],{},"Need just values? Use ",[646,23403,23405],{"href":23404},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,23406,17582],{},[36,23408,23409,23410],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,23411,17589],{},[59,23413,1999,23415],{"id":23414},"when-to-use-items",[15,23416,17589],{},[20,23418,23419,23421],{},[15,23420,17589],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[33,23423,23424,23427,23430,23433,23436],{},[36,23425,23426],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[36,23428,23429],{},"Building formatted output",[36,23431,23432],{},"Looping through settings and values",[36,23434,23435],{},"Showing names with scores",[36,23437,23438],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,23440,206],{},[64,23442,23444],{"className":66,"code":23443,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,23445,23446,23454,23472,23491,23503,23507,23511,23532],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,23447,23448,23450,23452],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,23449,14337],{"class":216},[73,23451,221],{"class":220},[73,23453,12003],{"class":83},[73,23455,23456,23458,23460,23462,23464,23466,23468,23470],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,23457,12008],{"class":93},[73,23459,13006],{"class":97},[73,23461,94],{"class":93},[73,23463,1063],{"class":83},[73,23465,224],{"class":93},[73,23467,13015],{"class":97},[73,23469,94],{"class":93},[73,23471,12024],{"class":83},[73,23473,23474,23476,23478,23480,23482,23484,23487,23489],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,23475,12008],{"class":93},[73,23477,20635],{"class":97},[73,23479,94],{"class":93},[73,23481,1063],{"class":83},[73,23483,224],{"class":93},[73,23485,23486],{"class":97},"English",[73,23488,94],{"class":93},[73,23490,12024],{"class":83},[73,23492,23493,23495,23497,23499,23501],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,23494,12008],{"class":93},[73,23496,19037],{"class":97},[73,23498,94],{"class":93},[73,23500,1063],{"class":83},[73,23502,1402],{"class":484},[73,23504,23505],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,23506,9814],{"class":83},[73,23508,23509],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,23510,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,23512,23513,23515,23518,23520,23522,23524,23526,23528,23530],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,23514,934],{"class":933},[73,23516,23517],{"class":216}," setting",[73,23519,140],{"class":83},[73,23521,937],{"class":216},[73,23523,940],{"class":933},[73,23525,14381],{"class":216},[73,23527,653],{"class":83},[73,23529,8320],{"class":245},[73,23531,22107],{"class":83},[73,23533,23534,23536,23538,23540,23542,23544,23547,23549,23552,23554,23556,23558,23560],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,23535,1676],{"class":79},[73,23537,84],{"class":83},[73,23539,994],{"class":333},[73,23541,94],{"class":97},[73,23543,999],{"class":116},[73,23545,23546],{"class":245},"setting",[73,23548,1007],{"class":116},[73,23550,23551],{"class":97}," = ",[73,23553,999],{"class":116},[73,23555,967],{"class":245},[73,23557,1007],{"class":116},[73,23559,94],{"class":97},[73,23561,249],{"class":83},[20,23563,23564],{},[1194,23565,148],{},[64,23567,23569],{"className":66,"code":23568,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,23570,23571,23581,23591],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,23572,23573,23576,23578],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,23574,23575],{"class":216},"theme ",[73,23577,221],{"class":220},[73,23579,23580],{"class":216}," dark\n",[73,23582,23583,23586,23588],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,23584,23585],{"class":216},"language ",[73,23587,221],{"class":220},[73,23589,23590],{"class":216}," English\n",[73,23592,23593,23596,23598],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,23594,23595],{"class":216},"notifications ",[73,23597,221],{"class":220},[73,23599,1402],{"class":484},[59,23601,2102],{"id":2101},[20,23603,23604,23605,653],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23606,17589],{},[403,23608,23610,23611,23613],{"id":23609},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23612,17589],{}," incorrectly",[20,23615,23616,23617,23619,23620,23623],{},"Each result from ",[15,23618,17589],{}," has ",[1194,23621,23622],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23625,7197],{},[64,23627,23628],{"className":66,"code":22043,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,23629,23630,23666,23670,23690],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,23631,23632,23634,23636,23638,23640,23642,23644,23646,23648,23650,23652,23654,23656,23658,23660,23662,23664],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,23633,13715],{"class":216},[73,23635,221],{"class":220},[73,23637,10997],{"class":83},[73,23639,94],{"class":93},[73,23641,8177],{"class":97},[73,23643,94],{"class":93},[73,23645,1063],{"class":83},[73,23647,224],{"class":93},[73,23649,13391],{"class":97},[73,23651,94],{"class":93},[73,23653,140],{"class":83},[73,23655,224],{"class":93},[73,23657,9804],{"class":97},[73,23659,94],{"class":93},[73,23661,1063],{"class":83},[73,23663,9811],{"class":116},[73,23665,9814],{"class":83},[73,23667,23668],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,23669,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,23671,23672,23674,23676,23678,23680,23682,23684,23686,23688],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,23673,934],{"class":933},[73,23675,22092],{"class":216},[73,23677,140],{"class":83},[73,23679,937],{"class":216},[73,23681,940],{"class":933},[73,23683,13758],{"class":216},[73,23685,653],{"class":83},[73,23687,8320],{"class":245},[73,23689,22107],{"class":83},[73,23691,23692,23694,23696,23698,23700,23702],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,23693,1676],{"class":79},[73,23695,84],{"class":83},[73,23697,15350],{"class":245},[73,23699,140],{"class":83},[73,23701,8942],{"class":245},[73,23703,249],{"class":83},[20,23705,23706],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[64,23708,23710],{"className":66,"code":23709,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23711,23712,23748,23752,23768],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,23713,23714,23716,23718,23720,23722,23724,23726,23728,23730,23732,23734,23736,23738,23740,23742,23744,23746],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,23715,13715],{"class":216},[73,23717,221],{"class":220},[73,23719,10997],{"class":83},[73,23721,94],{"class":93},[73,23723,8177],{"class":97},[73,23725,94],{"class":93},[73,23727,1063],{"class":83},[73,23729,224],{"class":93},[73,23731,13391],{"class":97},[73,23733,94],{"class":93},[73,23735,140],{"class":83},[73,23737,224],{"class":93},[73,23739,9804],{"class":97},[73,23741,94],{"class":93},[73,23743,1063],{"class":83},[73,23745,9811],{"class":116},[73,23747,9814],{"class":83},[73,23749,23750],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,23751,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,23753,23754,23756,23758,23760,23762,23764,23766],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,23755,934],{"class":933},[73,23757,18721],{"class":216},[73,23759,940],{"class":933},[73,23761,13758],{"class":216},[73,23763,653],{"class":83},[73,23765,8320],{"class":245},[73,23767,22107],{"class":83},[73,23769,23770,23772,23774,23776],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,23771,1676],{"class":79},[73,23773,84],{"class":83},[73,23775,15350],{"class":245},[73,23777,249],{"class":83},[20,23779,23780,23781,23783,23784,23787],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23782,15350],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23785,23786],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23789,23790],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[64,23792,23794],{"className":66,"code":23793,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23795,23796,23812],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,23797,23798,23800,23802,23804,23806,23808,23810],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,23799,934],{"class":933},[73,23801,6472],{"class":216},[73,23803,940],{"class":933},[73,23805,13758],{"class":216},[73,23807,653],{"class":83},[73,23809,8320],{"class":245},[73,23811,22107],{"class":83},[73,23813,23814,23816,23818,23821],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,23815,1676],{"class":79},[73,23817,84],{"class":83},[73,23819,23820],{"class":245},"item",[73,23822,249],{"class":83},[20,23824,23825],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[64,23827,23829],{"className":66,"code":23828,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23830,23831,23851],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,23832,23833,23835,23837,23839,23841,23843,23845,23847,23849],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,23834,934],{"class":933},[73,23836,22092],{"class":216},[73,23838,140],{"class":83},[73,23840,937],{"class":216},[73,23842,940],{"class":933},[73,23844,13758],{"class":216},[73,23846,653],{"class":83},[73,23848,8320],{"class":245},[73,23850,22107],{"class":83},[73,23852,23853,23855,23857,23859,23861,23863],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,23854,1676],{"class":79},[73,23856,84],{"class":83},[73,23858,15350],{"class":245},[73,23860,140],{"class":83},[73,23862,8942],{"class":245},[73,23864,249],{"class":83},[403,23866,2300,23868,23870],{"id":23867},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23869,17589],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23872,23873,22486,23875,23877],{},[15,23874,17589],{},[15,23876,22419],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23879,23880],{},"Check it:",[64,23882,23884],{"className":66,"code":23883,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23885,23886,23918,23922,23936,23954],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,23887,23888,23890,23892,23894,23896,23898,23900,23902,23904,23906,23908,23910,23912,23914,23916],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,23889,12235],{"class":216},[73,23891,221],{"class":220},[73,23893,10997],{"class":83},[73,23895,94],{"class":93},[73,23897,646],{"class":97},[73,23899,94],{"class":93},[73,23901,1063],{"class":83},[73,23903,2085],{"class":116},[73,23905,140],{"class":83},[73,23907,224],{"class":93},[73,23909,5274],{"class":97},[73,23911,94],{"class":93},[73,23913,1063],{"class":83},[73,23915,143],{"class":116},[73,23917,9814],{"class":83},[73,23919,23920],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,23921,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,23923,23924,23926,23928,23930,23932,23934],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,23925,80],{"class":79},[73,23927,84],{"class":83},[73,23929,11959],{"class":245},[73,23931,653],{"class":83},[73,23933,8320],{"class":245},[73,23935,7704],{"class":83},[73,23937,23938,23940,23942,23944,23946,23948,23950,23952],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,23939,80],{"class":79},[73,23941,84],{"class":83},[73,23943,288],{"class":87},[73,23945,84],{"class":83},[73,23947,11959],{"class":245},[73,23949,653],{"class":83},[73,23951,8320],{"class":245},[73,23953,6801],{"class":83},[73,23955,23956,23958,23960,23962,23964,23966,23968,23970],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,23957,80],{"class":79},[73,23959,84],{"class":83},[73,23961,8604],{"class":87},[73,23963,84],{"class":83},[73,23965,11959],{"class":245},[73,23967,653],{"class":83},[73,23969,8320],{"class":245},[73,23971,6801],{"class":83},[20,23973,23974],{},[1194,23975,148],{},[64,23977,23979],{"className":66,"code":23978,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23980,23981,24013,24027],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,23982,23983,23985,23987,23989,23991,23993,23995,23997,23999,24001,24003,24005,24007,24009,24011],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,23984,22419],{"class":245},[73,23986,10163],{"class":83},[73,23988,343],{"class":93},[73,23990,646],{"class":97},[73,23992,343],{"class":93},[73,23994,140],{"class":83},[73,23996,2085],{"class":116},[73,23998,9739],{"class":83},[73,24000,9742],{"class":83},[73,24002,343],{"class":93},[73,24004,5274],{"class":97},[73,24006,343],{"class":93},[73,24008,140],{"class":83},[73,24010,143],{"class":116},[73,24012,11186],{"class":83},[73,24014,24015,24017,24019,24021,24023,24025],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,24016,330],{"class":220},[73,24018,334],{"class":333},[73,24020,337],{"class":93},[73,24022,22419],{"class":97},[73,24024,343],{"class":93},[73,24026,346],{"class":220},[73,24028,24029,24031,24033,24035,24037,24039,24041,24043,24045,24047,24049,24051,24053,24055],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,24030,22251],{"class":83},[73,24032,343],{"class":93},[73,24034,646],{"class":97},[73,24036,343],{"class":93},[73,24038,140],{"class":83},[73,24040,2085],{"class":116},[73,24042,9739],{"class":83},[73,24044,9742],{"class":83},[73,24046,343],{"class":93},[73,24048,5274],{"class":97},[73,24050,343],{"class":93},[73,24052,140],{"class":83},[73,24054,143],{"class":116},[73,24056,9755],{"class":83},[403,24058,24060,24061],{"id":24059},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,24062,17589],{},[20,24064,24065],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,24067,24068],{},"Problem example:",[64,24070,24072],{"className":66,"code":24071,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,24073,24074,24118,24122,24142,24154],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,24075,24076,24078,24080,24082,24084,24086,24088,24090,24092,24094,24096,24098,24100,24102,24104,24106,24108,24110,24112,24114,24116],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,24077,4134],{"class":216},[73,24079,221],{"class":220},[73,24081,10997],{"class":83},[73,24083,94],{"class":93},[73,24085,646],{"class":97},[73,24087,94],{"class":93},[73,24089,1063],{"class":83},[73,24091,2085],{"class":116},[73,24093,140],{"class":83},[73,24095,224],{"class":93},[73,24097,5274],{"class":97},[73,24099,94],{"class":93},[73,24101,1063],{"class":83},[73,24103,143],{"class":116},[73,24105,140],{"class":83},[73,24107,224],{"class":93},[73,24109,10245],{"class":97},[73,24111,94],{"class":93},[73,24113,1063],{"class":83},[73,24115,2982],{"class":116},[73,24117,9814],{"class":83},[73,24119,24120],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,24121,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,24123,24124,24126,24128,24130,24132,24134,24136,24138,24140],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,24125,934],{"class":933},[73,24127,22092],{"class":216},[73,24129,140],{"class":83},[73,24131,937],{"class":216},[73,24133,940],{"class":933},[73,24135,4775],{"class":216},[73,24137,653],{"class":83},[73,24139,8320],{"class":245},[73,24141,22107],{"class":83},[73,24143,24144,24146,24148,24150,24152],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,24145,6908],{"class":933},[73,24147,937],{"class":216},[73,24149,5201],{"class":220},[73,24151,143],{"class":116},[73,24153,946],{"class":83},[73,24155,24156,24159,24161,24163,24165,24167,24169,24171],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,24157,24158],{"class":216},"        numbers",[73,24160,4410],{"class":83},[73,24162,94],{"class":93},[73,24164,19280],{"class":97},[73,24166,94],{"class":93},[73,24168,13784],{"class":83},[73,24170,13787],{"class":220},[73,24172,24173],{"class":116}," 4\n",[20,24175,24176],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,24178,24179],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[64,24181,24183],{"className":66,"code":24182,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,24184,24185,24229,24233,24258,24270,24288,24292],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,24186,24187,24189,24191,24193,24195,24197,24199,24201,24203,24205,24207,24209,24211,24213,24215,24217,24219,24221,24223,24225,24227],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,24188,4134],{"class":216},[73,24190,221],{"class":220},[73,24192,10997],{"class":83},[73,24194,94],{"class":93},[73,24196,646],{"class":97},[73,24198,94],{"class":93},[73,24200,1063],{"class":83},[73,24202,2085],{"class":116},[73,24204,140],{"class":83},[73,24206,224],{"class":93},[73,24208,5274],{"class":97},[73,24210,94],{"class":93},[73,24212,1063],{"class":83},[73,24214,143],{"class":116},[73,24216,140],{"class":83},[73,24218,224],{"class":93},[73,24220,10245],{"class":97},[73,24222,94],{"class":93},[73,24224,1063],{"class":83},[73,24226,2982],{"class":116},[73,24228,9814],{"class":83},[73,24230,24231],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,24232,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,24234,24235,24237,24239,24241,24243,24245,24247,24249,24251,24253,24255],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,24236,934],{"class":933},[73,24238,22092],{"class":216},[73,24240,140],{"class":83},[73,24242,937],{"class":216},[73,24244,940],{"class":933},[73,24246,23069],{"class":87},[73,24248,84],{"class":83},[73,24250,4164],{"class":245},[73,24252,653],{"class":83},[73,24254,8320],{"class":245},[73,24256,24257],{"class":83},"()):\n",[73,24259,24260,24262,24264,24266,24268],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,24261,6908],{"class":933},[73,24263,937],{"class":216},[73,24265,5201],{"class":220},[73,24267,143],{"class":116},[73,24269,946],{"class":83},[73,24271,24272,24274,24276,24278,24280,24282,24284,24286],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,24273,24158],{"class":216},[73,24275,4410],{"class":83},[73,24277,94],{"class":93},[73,24279,19280],{"class":97},[73,24281,94],{"class":93},[73,24283,13784],{"class":83},[73,24285,13787],{"class":220},[73,24287,24173],{"class":116},[73,24289,24290],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,24291,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,24293,24294,24296,24298,24300],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,24295,80],{"class":79},[73,24297,84],{"class":83},[73,24299,4164],{"class":245},[73,24301,249],{"class":83},[403,24303,24305],{"id":24304},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,24307,24308],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[64,24310,24312],{"className":66,"code":24311,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,24313,24314,24346,24350,24366],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,24315,24316,24318,24320,24322,24324,24326,24328,24330,24332,24334,24336,24338,24340,24342,24344],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,24317,9672],{"class":216},[73,24319,221],{"class":220},[73,24321,10997],{"class":83},[73,24323,94],{"class":93},[73,24325,384],{"class":97},[73,24327,94],{"class":93},[73,24329,1063],{"class":83},[73,24331,6516],{"class":116},[73,24333,140],{"class":83},[73,24335,224],{"class":93},[73,24337,12256],{"class":97},[73,24339,94],{"class":93},[73,24341,1063],{"class":83},[73,24343,8300],{"class":116},[73,24345,9814],{"class":83},[73,24347,24348],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,24349,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,24351,24352,24354,24356,24358,24360,24362,24364],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,24353,934],{"class":933},[73,24355,6472],{"class":216},[73,24357,940],{"class":933},[73,24359,15076],{"class":216},[73,24361,653],{"class":83},[73,24363,8320],{"class":245},[73,24365,22107],{"class":83},[73,24367,24368,24370,24372,24374],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,24369,1676],{"class":79},[73,24371,84],{"class":83},[73,24373,23820],{"class":245},[73,24375,249],{"class":83},[20,24377,24378],{},[1194,24379,148],{},[64,24381,24383],{"className":66,"code":24382,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,24384,24385,24401],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,24386,24387,24389,24391,24393,24395,24397,24399],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,24388,84],{"class":83},[73,24390,343],{"class":93},[73,24392,384],{"class":97},[73,24394,343],{"class":93},[73,24396,140],{"class":83},[73,24398,6516],{"class":116},[73,24400,249],{"class":83},[73,24402,24403,24405,24407,24409,24411,24413,24415],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,24404,84],{"class":83},[73,24406,343],{"class":93},[73,24408,12256],{"class":97},[73,24410,343],{"class":93},[73,24412,140],{"class":83},[73,24414,8300],{"class":116},[73,24416,249],{"class":83},[20,24418,24419,24420,24422],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,24421,22166],{}," pair.",[59,24424,2350],{"id":2349},[403,24426,24428,24429,5658],{"id":24427},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,24430,17589],{},[20,24432,17933,24433,24435],{},[15,24434,22419],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[403,24437,2354,24439,24441],{"id":24438},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,24440,17589],{}," return a list?",[20,24443,24444,24445,24448],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,24446,24447],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[403,24450,24452,24453,3023],{"id":24451},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,24454,17589],{},[20,24456,24457],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[64,24459,24461],{"className":66,"code":24460,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,24462,24463,24483],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,24464,24465,24467,24469,24471,24473,24475,24477,24479,24481],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,24466,934],{"class":933},[73,24468,22092],{"class":216},[73,24470,140],{"class":83},[73,24472,937],{"class":216},[73,24474,940],{"class":933},[73,24476,12277],{"class":216},[73,24478,653],{"class":83},[73,24480,8320],{"class":245},[73,24482,22107],{"class":83},[73,24484,24485,24487,24489,24491,24493,24495],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,24486,1676],{"class":79},[73,24488,84],{"class":83},[73,24490,15350],{"class":245},[73,24492,140],{"class":83},[73,24494,8942],{"class":245},[73,24496,249],{"class":83},[403,24498,2354,24500,24502],{"id":24499},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,24501,17589],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,24504,24505],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[59,24507,2413],{"id":2412},[33,24509,24510,24516,24522,24527,24531],{},[36,24511,24512],{},[646,24513,11244,24514,11248],{"href":23396},[15,24515,17576],{},[36,24517,24518],{},[646,24519,11244,24520,11248],{"href":23404},[15,24521,17582],{},[36,24523,24524],{},[646,24525,24526],{"href":22983},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[36,24528,24529],{},[646,24530,9662],{"href":13534},[36,24532,24533],{},[646,24534,24535],{"href":22289},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2459,24537,24538],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":24540},[24541,24542,24544,24545,24546,24548,24549,24551,24553,24562,24572],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":22149,"depth":105,"text":24543},"What items() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":22480,"depth":105,"text":22481},{"id":22706,"depth":105,"text":24547},"Looping with items()",{"id":22987,"depth":105,"text":22988},{"id":23179,"depth":105,"text":24550},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23414,"depth":105,"text":24552},"When to use items()",{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102,"children":24554},[24555,24557,24559,24561],{"id":23609,"depth":122,"text":24556},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23867,"depth":122,"text":24558},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":24059,"depth":122,"text":24560},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":24304,"depth":122,"text":24305},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":24563},[24564,24566,24568,24570],{"id":24427,"depth":122,"text":24565},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24438,"depth":122,"text":24567},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24451,"depth":122,"text":24569},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24499,"depth":122,"text":24571},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":22019,"description":24573},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24580,"title":24581,"body":24582,"description":26672,"extension":2511,"meta":26673,"navigation":254,"path":23396,"seo":26674,"stem":26675,"__hash__":26676},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24583,"toc":26638},[24584,24589,24595,24598,24609,24616,24618,24701,24705,24752,24757,24762,24767,24769,24785,24787,24886,24890,24947,24950,24952,24955,25048,25052,25115,25118,25134,25139,25141,25143,25158,25160,25171,25173,25216,25219,25263,25266,25268,25275,25278,25295,25297,25390,25394,25435,25447,25451,25454,25542,25546,25566,25569,25596,25603,25608,25612,25623,25625,25729,25733,25759,25762,25829,25834,25837,25860,25865,25869,25874,25880,25885,25887,25942,25946,25973,25980,25986,25989,26014,26020,26046,26049,26124,26131,26136,26138,26177,26194,26198,26201,26244,26247,26249,26268,26270,26275,26300,26303,26373,26376,26449,26453,26455,26516,26519,26535,26537,26542,26547,26554,26563,26569,26575,26582,26588,26592,26597,26599,26635],[10,24585,11827,24587,11831],{"id":24586},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24588,17576],{},[20,24590,24591,24592,24594],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24593,17576],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24596,24597],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[33,24599,24600,24603,24606],{},[36,24601,24602],{},"view the available keys",[36,24604,24605],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[36,24607,24608],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24610,24611,24613,24614,653],{},[15,24612,17576],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24615,17525],{},[59,24617,62],{"id":61},[64,24619,24621],{"className":66,"code":24620,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24622,24623,24659,24673,24677,24687],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,24624,24625,24627,24629,24631,24633,24635,24637,24639,24641,24643,24645,24647,24649,24651,24653,24655,24657],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,24626,13374],{"class":216},[73,24628,221],{"class":220},[73,24630,10997],{"class":83},[73,24632,94],{"class":93},[73,24634,8177],{"class":97},[73,24636,94],{"class":93},[73,24638,1063],{"class":83},[73,24640,224],{"class":93},[73,24642,13391],{"class":97},[73,24644,94],{"class":93},[73,24646,140],{"class":83},[73,24648,224],{"class":93},[73,24650,9804],{"class":97},[73,24652,94],{"class":93},[73,24654,1063],{"class":83},[73,24656,8300],{"class":116},[73,24658,9814],{"class":83},[73,24660,24661,24663,24665,24667,24669,24671],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,24662,17753],{"class":216},[73,24664,221],{"class":220},[73,24666,13417],{"class":216},[73,24668,653],{"class":83},[73,24670,17434],{"class":245},[73,24672,9151],{"class":83},[73,24674,24675],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,24676,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,24678,24679,24681,24683,24685],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,24680,80],{"class":79},[73,24682,84],{"class":83},[73,24684,17434],{"class":245},[73,24686,249],{"class":83},[73,24688,24689,24691,24693,24695,24697,24699],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,24690,80],{"class":79},[73,24692,84],{"class":83},[73,24694,8604],{"class":87},[73,24696,84],{"class":83},[73,24698,17434],{"class":245},[73,24700,102],{"class":83},[20,24702,24703],{},[1194,24704,148],{},[64,24706,24708],{"className":66,"code":24707,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24709,24710,24732],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,24711,24712,24714,24716,24718,24720,24722,24724,24726,24728,24730],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,24713,17525],{"class":245},[73,24715,3510],{"class":83},[73,24717,343],{"class":93},[73,24719,8177],{"class":97},[73,24721,343],{"class":93},[73,24723,140],{"class":83},[73,24725,337],{"class":93},[73,24727,9804],{"class":97},[73,24729,343],{"class":93},[73,24731,4398],{"class":83},[73,24733,24734,24736,24738,24740,24742,24744,24746,24748,24750],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,24735,4410],{"class":83},[73,24737,343],{"class":93},[73,24739,8177],{"class":97},[73,24741,343],{"class":93},[73,24743,140],{"class":83},[73,24745,337],{"class":93},[73,24747,9804],{"class":97},[73,24749,343],{"class":93},[73,24751,924],{"class":83},[20,24753,171,24754,24756],{},[15,24755,17576],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[59,24758,178,24760,181],{"id":24759},"what-keys-does",[15,24761,17576],{},[20,24763,24764,24766],{},[15,24765,17576],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24768,11968],{},[33,24770,24771,24774,24777,24782],{},[36,24772,24773],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[36,24775,24776],{},"It does not need any arguments",[36,24778,17933,24779,24781],{},[15,24780,17525],{}," view object, not a list",[36,24783,24784],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24786,206],{},[64,24788,24790],{"className":66,"code":24789,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24791,24792,24828,24832,24846,24850,24872],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,24793,24794,24796,24798,24800,24802,24804,24806,24808,24810,24812,24814,24816,24818,24820,24822,24824,24826],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,24795,13715],{"class":216},[73,24797,221],{"class":220},[73,24799,10997],{"class":83},[73,24801,94],{"class":93},[73,24803,8177],{"class":97},[73,24805,94],{"class":93},[73,24807,1063],{"class":83},[73,24809,224],{"class":93},[73,24811,13732],{"class":97},[73,24813,94],{"class":93},[73,24815,140],{"class":83},[73,24817,224],{"class":93},[73,24819,9804],{"class":97},[73,24821,94],{"class":93},[73,24823,1063],{"class":83},[73,24825,9811],{"class":116},[73,24827,9814],{"class":83},[73,24829,24830],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,24831,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,24833,24834,24836,24838,24840,24842,24844],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,24835,80],{"class":79},[73,24837,84],{"class":83},[73,24839,17818],{"class":245},[73,24841,653],{"class":83},[73,24843,17434],{"class":245},[73,24845,7704],{"class":83},[73,24847,24848],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,24849,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,24851,24852,24854,24856,24858,24860,24862,24864,24866,24868,24870],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,24853,17818],{"class":216},[73,24855,4410],{"class":83},[73,24857,94],{"class":93},[73,24859,10915],{"class":97},[73,24861,94],{"class":93},[73,24863,13784],{"class":83},[73,24865,13787],{"class":220},[73,24867,224],{"class":93},[73,24869,10922],{"class":97},[73,24871,230],{"class":93},[73,24873,24874,24876,24878,24880,24882,24884],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,24875,80],{"class":79},[73,24877,84],{"class":83},[73,24879,17818],{"class":245},[73,24881,653],{"class":83},[73,24883,17434],{"class":245},[73,24885,7704],{"class":83},[20,24887,24888],{},[1194,24889,148],{},[64,24891,24893],{"className":66,"code":24892,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24894,24895,24917],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,24896,24897,24899,24901,24903,24905,24907,24909,24911,24913,24915],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,24898,17525],{"class":245},[73,24900,3510],{"class":83},[73,24902,343],{"class":93},[73,24904,8177],{"class":97},[73,24906,343],{"class":93},[73,24908,140],{"class":83},[73,24910,337],{"class":93},[73,24912,9804],{"class":97},[73,24914,343],{"class":93},[73,24916,4398],{"class":83},[73,24918,24919,24921,24923,24925,24927,24929,24931,24933,24935,24937,24939,24941,24943,24945],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,24920,17525],{"class":245},[73,24922,3510],{"class":83},[73,24924,343],{"class":93},[73,24926,8177],{"class":97},[73,24928,343],{"class":93},[73,24930,140],{"class":83},[73,24932,337],{"class":93},[73,24934,9804],{"class":97},[73,24936,343],{"class":93},[73,24938,140],{"class":83},[73,24940,337],{"class":93},[73,24942,10915],{"class":97},[73,24944,343],{"class":93},[73,24946,4398],{"class":83},[20,24948,24949],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[59,24951,6299],{"id":6298},[20,24953,24954],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[64,24956,24958],{"className":66,"code":24957,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24959,24960,25012,25016,25030],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,24961,24962,24964,24966,24968,24970,24972,24974,24976,24978,24980,24982,24984,24986,24988,24990,24992,24994,24996,24998,25000,25002,25004,25006,25008,25010],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,24963,9672],{"class":216},[73,24965,221],{"class":220},[73,24967,10997],{"class":83},[73,24969,94],{"class":93},[73,24971,8177],{"class":97},[73,24973,94],{"class":93},[73,24975,1063],{"class":83},[73,24977,224],{"class":93},[73,24979,13391],{"class":97},[73,24981,94],{"class":93},[73,24983,140],{"class":83},[73,24985,224],{"class":93},[73,24987,9804],{"class":97},[73,24989,94],{"class":93},[73,24991,1063],{"class":83},[73,24993,8300],{"class":116},[73,24995,140],{"class":83},[73,24997,224],{"class":93},[73,24999,20403],{"class":97},[73,25001,94],{"class":93},[73,25003,1063],{"class":83},[73,25005,224],{"class":93},[73,25007,22756],{"class":97},[73,25009,94],{"class":93},[73,25011,9814],{"class":83},[73,25013,25014],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,25015,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,25017,25018,25020,25022,25024,25026,25028],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,25019,80],{"class":79},[73,25021,84],{"class":83},[73,25023,9710],{"class":245},[73,25025,653],{"class":83},[73,25027,17434],{"class":245},[73,25029,7704],{"class":83},[73,25031,25032,25034,25036,25038,25040,25042,25044,25046],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,25033,80],{"class":79},[73,25035,84],{"class":83},[73,25037,8604],{"class":87},[73,25039,84],{"class":83},[73,25041,9710],{"class":245},[73,25043,653],{"class":83},[73,25045,17434],{"class":245},[73,25047,6801],{"class":83},[20,25049,25050],{},[1194,25051,148],{},[64,25053,25055],{"className":66,"code":25054,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,25056,25057,25087],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,25058,25059,25061,25063,25065,25067,25069,25071,25073,25075,25077,25079,25081,25083,25085],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,25060,17525],{"class":245},[73,25062,3510],{"class":83},[73,25064,343],{"class":93},[73,25066,8177],{"class":97},[73,25068,343],{"class":93},[73,25070,140],{"class":83},[73,25072,337],{"class":93},[73,25074,9804],{"class":97},[73,25076,343],{"class":93},[73,25078,140],{"class":83},[73,25080,337],{"class":93},[73,25082,20403],{"class":97},[73,25084,343],{"class":93},[73,25086,4398],{"class":83},[73,25088,25089,25091,25093,25095,25097,25099,25101,25103,25105,25107,25109,25111,25113],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,25090,4410],{"class":83},[73,25092,343],{"class":93},[73,25094,8177],{"class":97},[73,25096,343],{"class":93},[73,25098,140],{"class":83},[73,25100,337],{"class":93},[73,25102,9804],{"class":97},[73,25104,343],{"class":93},[73,25106,140],{"class":83},[73,25108,337],{"class":93},[73,25110,20403],{"class":97},[73,25112,343],{"class":93},[73,25114,924],{"class":83},[20,25116,25117],{},"This shows two things:",[33,25119,25120,25128],{},[36,25121,25122,22486,25125,25127],{},[15,25123,25124],{},"data.keys()",[15,25126,17525],{}," object",[36,25129,25130,25133],{},[15,25131,25132],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,25135,9658,25136,653],{},[646,25137,25138],{"href":9896},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[59,25140,5944],{"id":5943},[20,25142,2700],{},[64,25144,25146],{"className":66,"code":25145,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,25147,25148],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,25149,25150,25152,25154,25156],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,25151,11959],{"class":216},[73,25153,653],{"class":83},[73,25155,17434],{"class":245},[73,25157,9151],{"class":83},[20,25159,22311],{},[33,25161,25162,25165,25168],{},[36,25163,25164],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[36,25166,25167],{},"It takes no parameters",[36,25169,25170],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,25172,17166],{},[64,25174,25176],{"className":66,"code":25175,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,25177,25178,25202],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,25179,25180,25182,25184,25186,25188,25190,25192,25194,25196,25198,25200],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,25181,13374],{"class":216},[73,25183,221],{"class":220},[73,25185,10997],{"class":83},[73,25187,94],{"class":93},[73,25189,8177],{"class":97},[73,25191,94],{"class":93},[73,25193,1063],{"class":83},[73,25195,224],{"class":93},[73,25197,13391],{"class":97},[73,25199,94],{"class":93},[73,25201,9814],{"class":83},[73,25203,25204,25206,25208,25210,25212,25214],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,25205,80],{"class":79},[73,25207,84],{"class":83},[73,25209,14137],{"class":245},[73,25211,653],{"class":83},[73,25213,17434],{"class":245},[73,25215,7704],{"class":83},[20,25217,25218],{},"Incorrect:",[64,25220,25222],{"className":66,"code":25221,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,25223,25224,25248],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,25225,25226,25228,25230,25232,25234,25236,25238,25240,25242,25244,25246],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,25227,13374],{"class":216},[73,25229,221],{"class":220},[73,25231,10997],{"class":83},[73,25233,94],{"class":93},[73,25235,8177],{"class":97},[73,25237,94],{"class":93},[73,25239,1063],{"class":83},[73,25241,224],{"class":93},[73,25243,13391],{"class":97},[73,25245,94],{"class":93},[73,25247,9814],{"class":83},[73,25249,25250,25252,25254,25256,25258,25261],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,25251,80],{"class":79},[73,25253,84],{"class":83},[73,25255,14137],{"class":245},[73,25257,653],{"class":83},[73,25259,17434],{"class":25260},"skxfh",[73,25262,249],{"class":83},[20,25264,25265],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[59,25267,17930],{"id":17929},[20,25269,25270,22486,25272,25274],{},[15,25271,17576],{},[15,25273,17525],{}," object.",[20,25276,25277],{},"This object:",[33,25279,25280,25283,25286,25292],{},[36,25281,25282],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[36,25284,25285],{},"can be used in a loop",[36,25287,25288,25289],{},"can be converted with ",[15,25290,25291],{},"list()",[36,25293,25294],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,25296,206],{},[64,25298,25300],{"className":66,"code":25299,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,25301,25302,25343,25347,25362,25366,25376],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,25303,25304,25307,25309,25311,25313,25316,25318,25320,25322,25325,25327,25329,25331,25334,25336,25338,25341],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,25305,25306],{"class":216},"car ",[73,25308,221],{"class":220},[73,25310,10997],{"class":83},[73,25312,94],{"class":93},[73,25314,25315],{"class":97},"brand",[73,25317,94],{"class":93},[73,25319,1063],{"class":83},[73,25321,224],{"class":93},[73,25323,25324],{"class":97},"Toyota",[73,25326,94],{"class":93},[73,25328,140],{"class":83},[73,25330,224],{"class":93},[73,25332,25333],{"class":97},"year",[73,25335,94],{"class":93},[73,25337,1063],{"class":83},[73,25339,25340],{"class":116}," 2020",[73,25342,9814],{"class":83},[73,25344,25345],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,25346,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,25348,25349,25351,25353,25356,25358,25360],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,25350,2766],{"class":216},[73,25352,221],{"class":220},[73,25354,25355],{"class":216}," car",[73,25357,653],{"class":83},[73,25359,17434],{"class":245},[73,25361,9151],{"class":83},[73,25363,25364],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,25365,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,25367,25368,25370,25372,25374],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,25369,80],{"class":79},[73,25371,84],{"class":83},[73,25373,2800],{"class":245},[73,25375,249],{"class":83},[73,25377,25378,25380,25382,25384,25386,25388],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,25379,80],{"class":79},[73,25381,84],{"class":83},[73,25383,288],{"class":87},[73,25385,84],{"class":83},[73,25387,2800],{"class":245},[73,25389,102],{"class":83},[20,25391,25392],{},[1194,25393,148],{},[64,25395,25397],{"className":66,"code":25396,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,25398,25399,25421],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,25400,25401,25403,25405,25407,25409,25411,25413,25415,25417,25419],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,25402,17525],{"class":245},[73,25404,3510],{"class":83},[73,25406,343],{"class":93},[73,25408,25315],{"class":97},[73,25410,343],{"class":93},[73,25412,140],{"class":83},[73,25414,337],{"class":93},[73,25416,25333],{"class":97},[73,25418,343],{"class":93},[73,25420,4398],{"class":83},[73,25422,25423,25425,25427,25429,25431,25433],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,25424,330],{"class":220},[73,25426,334],{"class":333},[73,25428,337],{"class":93},[73,25430,17525],{"class":97},[73,25432,343],{"class":93},[73,25434,346],{"class":220},[20,25436,25437,25438,25442,25443,653],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[646,25439,11244,25440,11248],{"href":17579},[15,25441,17582],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[646,25444,11244,25445,11248],{"href":17586},[15,25446,17589],{},[59,25448,25450],{"id":25449},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,25452,25453],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[64,25455,25457],{"className":66,"code":25456,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25458,25459,25512,25516,25532],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,25460,25461,25463,25465,25467,25469,25471,25473,25475,25477,25479,25481,25483,25485,25487,25489,25491,25493,25495,25497,25499,25501,25503,25505,25508,25510],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,25462,13374],{"class":216},[73,25464,221],{"class":220},[73,25466,10997],{"class":83},[73,25468,94],{"class":93},[73,25470,8177],{"class":97},[73,25472,94],{"class":93},[73,25474,1063],{"class":83},[73,25476,224],{"class":93},[73,25478,13391],{"class":97},[73,25480,94],{"class":93},[73,25482,140],{"class":83},[73,25484,224],{"class":93},[73,25486,9804],{"class":97},[73,25488,94],{"class":93},[73,25490,1063],{"class":83},[73,25492,8300],{"class":116},[73,25494,140],{"class":83},[73,25496,224],{"class":93},[73,25498,15838],{"class":97},[73,25500,94],{"class":93},[73,25502,1063],{"class":83},[73,25504,224],{"class":93},[73,25506,25507],{"class":97},"Math",[73,25509,94],{"class":93},[73,25511,9814],{"class":83},[73,25513,25514],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,25515,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,25517,25518,25520,25522,25524,25526,25528,25530],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,25519,934],{"class":933},[73,25521,18721],{"class":216},[73,25523,940],{"class":933},[73,25525,13417],{"class":216},[73,25527,653],{"class":83},[73,25529,17434],{"class":245},[73,25531,22107],{"class":83},[73,25533,25534,25536,25538,25540],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,25535,1676],{"class":79},[73,25537,84],{"class":83},[73,25539,15350],{"class":245},[73,25541,249],{"class":83},[20,25543,25544],{},[1194,25545,148],{},[64,25547,25549],{"className":66,"code":25548,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,25550,25551,25556,25561],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,25552,25553],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,25554,25555],{"class":216},"name\n",[73,25557,25558],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,25559,25560],{"class":216},"age\n",[73,25562,25563],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,25564,25565],{"class":216},"course\n",[20,25567,25568],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[64,25570,25572],{"className":66,"code":25571,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,25573,25574,25586],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,25575,25576,25578,25580,25582,25584],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,25577,934],{"class":933},[73,25579,18721],{"class":216},[73,25581,940],{"class":933},[73,25583,13417],{"class":216},[73,25585,946],{"class":83},[73,25587,25588,25590,25592,25594],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,25589,1676],{"class":79},[73,25591,84],{"class":83},[73,25593,15350],{"class":245},[73,25595,249],{"class":83},[20,25597,25598,25599,25602],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25600,25601],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[59,25604,1999,25606],{"id":25605},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25607,17576],{},[20,25609,171,25610,11108],{},[15,25611,17576],{},[33,25613,25614,25617,25620],{},[36,25615,25616],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[36,25618,25619],{},"you want to display available fields",[36,25621,25622],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25624,206],{},[64,25626,25628],{"className":66,"code":25627,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25629,25630,25683,25687,25702,25719],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,25631,25632,25635,25637,25639,25641,25643,25645,25647,25649,25652,25654,25656,25658,25661,25663,25665,25668,25670,25672,25675,25677,25679,25681],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,25633,25634],{"class":216},"product ",[73,25636,221],{"class":220},[73,25638,10997],{"class":83},[73,25640,94],{"class":93},[73,25642,8177],{"class":97},[73,25644,94],{"class":93},[73,25646,1063],{"class":83},[73,25648,224],{"class":93},[73,25650,25651],{"class":97},"Book",[73,25653,94],{"class":93},[73,25655,140],{"class":83},[73,25657,224],{"class":93},[73,25659,25660],{"class":97},"price",[73,25662,94],{"class":93},[73,25664,1063],{"class":83},[73,25666,25667],{"class":116}," 12.99",[73,25669,140],{"class":83},[73,25671,224],{"class":93},[73,25673,25674],{"class":97},"stock",[73,25676,94],{"class":93},[73,25678,1063],{"class":83},[73,25680,5118],{"class":116},[73,25682,9814],{"class":83},[73,25684,25685],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,25686,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,25688,25689,25691,25693,25695,25698,25700],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,25690,80],{"class":79},[73,25692,84],{"class":83},[73,25694,94],{"class":93},[73,25696,25697],{"class":97},"Available fields:",[73,25699,94],{"class":93},[73,25701,249],{"class":83},[73,25703,25704,25706,25708,25710,25713,25715,25717],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,25705,934],{"class":933},[73,25707,18721],{"class":216},[73,25709,940],{"class":933},[73,25711,25712],{"class":216}," product",[73,25714,653],{"class":83},[73,25716,17434],{"class":245},[73,25718,22107],{"class":83},[73,25720,25721,25723,25725,25727],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,25722,1676],{"class":79},[73,25724,84],{"class":83},[73,25726,15350],{"class":245},[73,25728,249],{"class":83},[20,25730,25731],{},[1194,25732,148],{},[64,25734,25736],{"className":66,"code":25735,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25737,25738,25745,25749,25754],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,25739,25740,25743],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,25741,25742],{"class":216},"Available fields",[73,25744,946],{"class":83},[73,25746,25747],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,25748,25555],{"class":216},[73,25750,25751],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,25752,25753],{"class":216},"price\n",[73,25755,25756],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,25757,25758],{"class":216},"stock\n",[20,25760,25761],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[64,25763,25765],{"className":66,"code":25764,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25766,25767,25803,25807],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,25768,25769,25771,25773,25775,25777,25779,25781,25783,25785,25787,25789,25791,25793,25795,25797,25799,25801],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,25770,25634],{"class":216},[73,25772,221],{"class":220},[73,25774,10997],{"class":83},[73,25776,94],{"class":93},[73,25778,8177],{"class":97},[73,25780,94],{"class":93},[73,25782,1063],{"class":83},[73,25784,224],{"class":93},[73,25786,25651],{"class":97},[73,25788,94],{"class":93},[73,25790,140],{"class":83},[73,25792,224],{"class":93},[73,25794,25660],{"class":97},[73,25796,94],{"class":93},[73,25798,1063],{"class":83},[73,25800,25667],{"class":116},[73,25802,9814],{"class":83},[73,25804,25805],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,25806,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,25808,25809,25811,25813,25815,25817,25819,25821,25823,25825,25827],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,25810,80],{"class":79},[73,25812,84],{"class":83},[73,25814,94],{"class":93},[73,25816,8177],{"class":97},[73,25818,94],{"class":93},[73,25820,21686],{"class":933},[73,25822,25712],{"class":245},[73,25824,653],{"class":83},[73,25826,17434],{"class":245},[73,25828,7704],{"class":83},[20,25830,25831,25832,653],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25833,430],{},[20,25835,25836],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[64,25838,25840],{"className":66,"code":25839,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25841,25842],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,25843,25844,25846,25848,25850,25852,25854,25856,25858],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,25845,80],{"class":79},[73,25847,84],{"class":83},[73,25849,94],{"class":93},[73,25851,8177],{"class":97},[73,25853,94],{"class":93},[73,25855,21686],{"class":933},[73,25857,25712],{"class":245},[73,25859,249],{"class":83},[20,25861,25862,25863,653],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[646,25864,21719],{"href":17664},[59,25866,25868],{"id":25867},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25870,25871,25872,653],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25873,17576],{},[403,25875,2300,25877,25879],{"id":25876},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25878,17576],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25881,25882,25884],{},[15,25883,17576],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25886,206],{},[64,25888,25890],{"className":66,"code":25889,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25891,25892,25928],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,25893,25894,25896,25898,25900,25902,25904,25906,25908,25910,25912,25914,25916,25918,25920,25922,25924,25926],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,25895,9672],{"class":216},[73,25897,221],{"class":220},[73,25899,10997],{"class":83},[73,25901,94],{"class":93},[73,25903,8177],{"class":97},[73,25905,94],{"class":93},[73,25907,1063],{"class":83},[73,25909,224],{"class":93},[73,25911,13391],{"class":97},[73,25913,94],{"class":93},[73,25915,140],{"class":83},[73,25917,224],{"class":93},[73,25919,9804],{"class":97},[73,25921,94],{"class":93},[73,25923,1063],{"class":83},[73,25925,8300],{"class":116},[73,25927,9814],{"class":83},[73,25929,25930,25932,25934,25936,25938,25940],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,25931,80],{"class":79},[73,25933,84],{"class":83},[73,25935,9710],{"class":245},[73,25937,653],{"class":83},[73,25939,17434],{"class":245},[73,25941,7704],{"class":83},[20,25943,25944],{},[1194,25945,148],{},[64,25947,25949],{"className":66,"code":25948,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25950,25951],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,25952,25953,25955,25957,25959,25961,25963,25965,25967,25969,25971],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,25954,17525],{"class":245},[73,25956,3510],{"class":83},[73,25958,343],{"class":93},[73,25960,8177],{"class":97},[73,25962,343],{"class":93},[73,25964,140],{"class":83},[73,25966,337],{"class":93},[73,25968,9804],{"class":97},[73,25970,343],{"class":93},[73,25972,4398],{"class":83},[20,25974,25975,25976,653],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[646,25977,25978],{"href":17586},[15,25979,17589],{},[403,25981,25983,25984],{"id":25982},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25985,17525],{},[20,25987,25988],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[64,25990,25992],{"className":66,"code":25991,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25993,25994],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,25995,25996,25998,26000,26002,26004,26006,26008,26010,26012],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,25997,4410],{"class":83},[73,25999,343],{"class":93},[73,26001,8177],{"class":97},[73,26003,343],{"class":93},[73,26005,140],{"class":83},[73,26007,337],{"class":93},[73,26009,9804],{"class":97},[73,26011,343],{"class":93},[73,26013,924],{"class":83},[20,26015,26016,26017,26019],{},"But ",[15,26018,17576],{}," returns:",[64,26021,26022],{"className":66,"code":25948,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,26023,26024],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,26025,26026,26028,26030,26032,26034,26036,26038,26040,26042,26044],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,26027,17525],{"class":245},[73,26029,3510],{"class":83},[73,26031,343],{"class":93},[73,26033,8177],{"class":97},[73,26035,343],{"class":93},[73,26037,140],{"class":83},[73,26039,337],{"class":93},[73,26041,9804],{"class":97},[73,26043,343],{"class":93},[73,26045,4398],{"class":83},[20,26047,26048],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[64,26050,26052],{"className":66,"code":26051,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,26053,26054,26090,26109,26113],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,26055,26056,26058,26060,26062,26064,26066,26068,26070,26072,26074,26076,26078,26080,26082,26084,26086,26088],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,26057,9672],{"class":216},[73,26059,221],{"class":220},[73,26061,10997],{"class":83},[73,26063,94],{"class":93},[73,26065,8177],{"class":97},[73,26067,94],{"class":93},[73,26069,1063],{"class":83},[73,26071,224],{"class":93},[73,26073,13391],{"class":97},[73,26075,94],{"class":93},[73,26077,140],{"class":83},[73,26079,224],{"class":93},[73,26081,9804],{"class":97},[73,26083,94],{"class":93},[73,26085,1063],{"class":83},[73,26087,8300],{"class":116},[73,26089,9814],{"class":83},[73,26091,26092,26095,26097,26099,26101,26103,26105,26107],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,26093,26094],{"class":216},"key_list ",[73,26096,221],{"class":220},[73,26098,23069],{"class":87},[73,26100,84],{"class":83},[73,26102,9710],{"class":245},[73,26104,653],{"class":83},[73,26106,17434],{"class":245},[73,26108,7704],{"class":83},[73,26110,26111],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,26112,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,26114,26115,26117,26119,26122],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,26116,80],{"class":79},[73,26118,84],{"class":83},[73,26120,26121],{"class":245},"key_list",[73,26123,249],{"class":83},[403,26125,26127,26128,26130],{"id":26126},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,26129,17576],{}," on a list or string",[20,26132,26133,26135],{},[15,26134,17576],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,26137,3367],{},[64,26139,26141],{"className":66,"code":26140,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,26142,26143,26163],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,26144,26145,26147,26149,26151,26153,26155,26157,26159,26161],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,26146,4134],{"class":216},[73,26148,221],{"class":220},[73,26150,891],{"class":83},[73,26152,2397],{"class":116},[73,26154,140],{"class":83},[73,26156,143],{"class":116},[73,26158,140],{"class":83},[73,26160,2982],{"class":116},[73,26162,924],{"class":83},[73,26164,26165,26167,26169,26171,26173,26175],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,26166,80],{"class":79},[73,26168,84],{"class":83},[73,26170,4164],{"class":245},[73,26172,653],{"class":83},[73,26174,17434],{"class":245},[73,26176,7704],{"class":83},[20,26178,26179,26180,26183,26184,26186,26187,653],{},"You may get an ",[15,26181,26182],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,26185,17576],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[646,26188,1805,26190,26193],{"href":26189},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F",[15,26191,26192],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[403,26195,26197],{"id":26196},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,26199,26200],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[64,26202,26204],{"className":66,"code":26203,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,26205,26206,26230],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,26207,26208,26210,26212,26214,26216,26218,26220,26222,26224,26226,26228],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,26209,9672],{"class":216},[73,26211,221],{"class":220},[73,26213,10997],{"class":83},[73,26215,94],{"class":93},[73,26217,8177],{"class":97},[73,26219,94],{"class":93},[73,26221,1063],{"class":83},[73,26223,224],{"class":93},[73,26225,13391],{"class":97},[73,26227,94],{"class":93},[73,26229,9814],{"class":83},[73,26231,26232,26234,26236,26238,26240,26242],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,26233,80],{"class":79},[73,26235,84],{"class":83},[73,26237,9710],{"class":245},[73,26239,653],{"class":83},[73,26241,17434],{"class":25260},[73,26243,249],{"class":83},[20,26245,26246],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,26248,19207],{},[64,26250,26252],{"className":66,"code":26251,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,26253,26254],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,26255,26256,26258,26260,26262,26264,26266],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,26257,80],{"class":79},[73,26259,84],{"class":83},[73,26261,9710],{"class":245},[73,26263,653],{"class":83},[73,26265,17434],{"class":245},[73,26267,7704],{"class":83},[59,26269,2102],{"id":2101},[20,26271,26272,26273,1063],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,26274,17576],{},[33,26276,26277,26282,26288,26294],{},[36,26278,657,26279,26281],{},[15,26280,17576],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[36,26283,26284,26285,26287],{},"Thinking ",[15,26286,17576],{}," returns values too",[36,26289,26290,26291,26293],{},"Trying to index ",[15,26292,17525],{}," like a normal list",[36,26295,26296,26297,26299],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,26298,17525],{}," to a list when needed",[20,26301,26302],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[64,26304,26306],{"className":66,"code":26305,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,26307,26308,26340,26354,26358,26368],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,26309,26310,26312,26314,26316,26318,26320,26322,26324,26326,26328,26330,26332,26334,26336,26338],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,26311,9672],{"class":216},[73,26313,221],{"class":220},[73,26315,10997],{"class":83},[73,26317,94],{"class":93},[73,26319,646],{"class":97},[73,26321,94],{"class":93},[73,26323,1063],{"class":83},[73,26325,2085],{"class":116},[73,26327,140],{"class":83},[73,26329,224],{"class":93},[73,26331,5274],{"class":97},[73,26333,94],{"class":93},[73,26335,1063],{"class":83},[73,26337,143],{"class":116},[73,26339,9814],{"class":83},[73,26341,26342,26344,26346,26348,26350,26352],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,26343,17753],{"class":216},[73,26345,221],{"class":220},[73,26347,15076],{"class":216},[73,26349,653],{"class":83},[73,26351,17434],{"class":245},[73,26353,9151],{"class":83},[73,26355,26356],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,26357,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,26359,26360,26362,26364,26366],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,26361,80],{"class":79},[73,26363,84],{"class":83},[73,26365,17434],{"class":245},[73,26367,249],{"class":83},[73,26369,26370],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,26371,26372],{"class":769},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,26374,26375],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[64,26377,26379],{"className":66,"code":26378,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,26380,26381,26413,26431,26435],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,26382,26383,26385,26387,26389,26391,26393,26395,26397,26399,26401,26403,26405,26407,26409,26411],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,26384,9672],{"class":216},[73,26386,221],{"class":220},[73,26388,10997],{"class":83},[73,26390,94],{"class":93},[73,26392,646],{"class":97},[73,26394,94],{"class":93},[73,26396,1063],{"class":83},[73,26398,2085],{"class":116},[73,26400,140],{"class":83},[73,26402,224],{"class":93},[73,26404,5274],{"class":97},[73,26406,94],{"class":93},[73,26408,1063],{"class":83},[73,26410,143],{"class":116},[73,26412,9814],{"class":83},[73,26414,26415,26417,26419,26421,26423,26425,26427,26429],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,26416,17753],{"class":216},[73,26418,221],{"class":220},[73,26420,23069],{"class":87},[73,26422,84],{"class":83},[73,26424,9710],{"class":245},[73,26426,653],{"class":83},[73,26428,17434],{"class":245},[73,26430,7704],{"class":83},[73,26432,26433],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,26434,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,26436,26437,26439,26441,26443,26445,26447],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,26438,80],{"class":79},[73,26440,84],{"class":83},[73,26442,17434],{"class":245},[73,26444,4410],{"class":83},[73,26446,806],{"class":116},[73,26448,4398],{"class":83},[59,26450,26452],{"id":26451},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,26454,11621],{},[64,26456,26458],{"className":66,"code":26457,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,26459,26460,26474,26484,26498],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,26461,26462,26464,26466,26468,26470,26472],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,26463,80],{"class":79},[73,26465,84],{"class":83},[73,26467,288],{"class":87},[73,26469,84],{"class":83},[73,26471,11959],{"class":245},[73,26473,102],{"class":83},[73,26475,26476,26478,26480,26482],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,26477,80],{"class":79},[73,26479,84],{"class":83},[73,26481,11959],{"class":245},[73,26483,249],{"class":83},[73,26485,26486,26488,26490,26492,26494,26496],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,26487,80],{"class":79},[73,26489,84],{"class":83},[73,26491,11959],{"class":245},[73,26493,653],{"class":83},[73,26495,17434],{"class":245},[73,26497,7704],{"class":83},[73,26499,26500,26502,26504,26506,26508,26510,26512,26514],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,26501,80],{"class":79},[73,26503,84],{"class":83},[73,26505,8604],{"class":87},[73,26507,84],{"class":83},[73,26509,11959],{"class":245},[73,26511,653],{"class":83},[73,26513,17434],{"class":245},[73,26515,6801],{"class":83},[20,26517,26518],{},"These help you confirm:",[33,26520,26521,26524,26527,26532],{},[36,26522,26523],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[36,26525,26526],{},"what data it contains",[36,26528,26529,26530,12216],{},"what ",[15,26531,17576],{},[36,26533,26534],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[59,26536,2350],{"id":2349},[403,26538,24428,26540,5658],{"id":26539},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,26541,17576],{},[20,26543,17933,26544,26546],{},[15,26545,17525],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[403,26548,15412,26550,26553],{"id":26549},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,26551,26552],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,26555,26556,26557,26559,26560,653],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,26558,17525],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,26561,26562],{},"list(dict.keys())",[403,26564,26566,26567,3023],{"id":26565},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,26568,26552],{},[20,26570,26571,26572,26574],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,26573,934],{}," loop.",[403,26576,26578,26579,26581],{"id":26577},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26580,17576],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,26583,26584,26585,26587],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26586,17576],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[403,26589,26591],{"id":26590},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,26593,171,26594,653],{},[15,26595,26596],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[59,26598,2413],{"id":2412},[33,26600,26601,26606,26612,26618,26624,26628],{},[36,26602,26603],{},[646,26604,26605],{"href":9896},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[36,26607,26608],{},[646,26609,11244,26610,11248],{"href":17579},[15,26611,17582],{},[36,26613,26614],{},[646,26615,11244,26616,11248],{"href":17586},[15,26617,17589],{},[36,26619,26620],{},[646,26621,26623],{"href":26622},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[36,26625,26626],{},[646,26627,17665],{"href":17664},[36,26629,26630],{},[646,26631,26632,26633,26193],{"href":26189},"How to fix ",[15,26634,26192],{},[2459,26636,26637],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":26639},[26640,26641,26643,26644,26645,26646,26647,26649,26658,26659,26660,26671],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":24759,"depth":105,"text":26642},"What keys() does",{"id":6298,"depth":105,"text":6299},{"id":5943,"depth":105,"text":5944},{"id":17929,"depth":105,"text":17930},{"id":25449,"depth":105,"text":25450},{"id":25605,"depth":105,"text":26648},"When to use keys()",{"id":25867,"depth":105,"text":25868,"children":26650},[26651,26653,26655,26657],{"id":25876,"depth":122,"text":26652},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25982,"depth":122,"text":26654},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":26126,"depth":122,"text":26656},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":26196,"depth":122,"text":26197},{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102},{"id":26451,"depth":105,"text":26452},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":26661},[26662,26664,26666,26668,26670],{"id":26539,"depth":122,"text":26663},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26549,"depth":122,"text":26665},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26565,"depth":122,"text":26667},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26577,"depth":122,"text":26669},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26590,"depth":122,"text":26591},{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24581,"description":26672},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26678,"title":26679,"body":26680,"description":28952,"extension":2511,"meta":28953,"navigation":254,"path":28954,"seo":28955,"stem":28956,"__hash__":28957},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26681,"toc":28905},[26682,26687,26692,26695,26697,26843,26856,26861,26865,26879,26881,26984,26993,26995,26998,27036,27061,27063,27170,27172,27179,27182,27190,27192,27333,27341,27346,27350,27361,27363,27525,27528,27536,27543,27549,27646,27652,27729,27732,27744,27749,27755,27758,27762,27851,27854,27858,27962,27969,28056,28065,28067,28072,28078,28081,28127,28130,28196,28205,28211,28304,28310,28316,28359,28362,28427,28433,28525,28528,28532,28538,28563,28566,28662,28669,28671,28676,28767,28769,28797,28802,28804,28811,28814,28818,28827,28832,28835,28842,28852,28859,28867,28869,28902],[10,26683,11827,26685,11831],{"id":26684},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26686,13273],{},[20,26688,26689,26691],{},[15,26690,13081],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26693,26694],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[59,26696,4124],{"id":4123},[64,26698,26700],{"className":66,"code":26699,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26701,26702,26738,26762,26776,26789,26793,26798,26830],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,26703,26704,26706,26708,26710,26712,26714,26716,26718,26720,26722,26724,26726,26728,26730,26732,26734,26736],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,26705,13715],{"class":216},[73,26707,221],{"class":220},[73,26709,10997],{"class":83},[73,26711,94],{"class":93},[73,26713,8177],{"class":97},[73,26715,94],{"class":93},[73,26717,1063],{"class":83},[73,26719,224],{"class":93},[73,26721,13391],{"class":97},[73,26723,94],{"class":93},[73,26725,140],{"class":83},[73,26727,224],{"class":93},[73,26729,9804],{"class":97},[73,26731,94],{"class":93},[73,26733,1063],{"class":83},[73,26735,9811],{"class":116},[73,26737,9814],{"class":83},[73,26739,26740,26743,26745,26747,26749,26752,26754,26756,26758,26760],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,26741,26742],{"class":216},"removed_age ",[73,26744,221],{"class":220},[73,26746,13758],{"class":216},[73,26748,653],{"class":83},[73,26750,26751],{"class":245},"pop",[73,26753,84],{"class":83},[73,26755,94],{"class":93},[73,26757,9804],{"class":97},[73,26759,94],{"class":93},[73,26761,249],{"class":83},[73,26763,26764,26766,26768,26771,26773],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,26765,80],{"class":79},[73,26767,84],{"class":83},[73,26769,26770],{"class":245},"removed_age",[73,26772,4177],{"class":83},[73,26774,26775],{"class":769},"   # 25\n",[73,26777,26778,26780,26782,26784,26786],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,26779,80],{"class":79},[73,26781,84],{"class":83},[73,26783,17818],{"class":245},[73,26785,4177],{"class":83},[73,26787,26788],{"class":769},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[73,26790,26791],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,26792,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,26794,26795],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,26796,26797],{"class":769},"# Safe version with default value\n",[73,26799,26800,26803,26805,26807,26809,26811,26813,26815,26817,26819,26821,26823,26826,26828],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,26801,26802],{"class":216},"country ",[73,26804,221],{"class":220},[73,26806,13758],{"class":216},[73,26808,653],{"class":83},[73,26810,26751],{"class":245},[73,26812,84],{"class":83},[73,26814,94],{"class":93},[73,26816,15771],{"class":97},[73,26818,94],{"class":93},[73,26820,140],{"class":83},[73,26822,224],{"class":93},[73,26824,26825],{"class":97},"Not found",[73,26827,94],{"class":93},[73,26829,249],{"class":83},[73,26831,26832,26834,26836,26838,26840],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,26833,80],{"class":79},[73,26835,84],{"class":83},[73,26837,15771],{"class":245},[73,26839,4177],{"class":83},[73,26841,26842],{"class":769},"       # Not found\n",[20,26844,171,26845,26848,26849,26852,26853,26855],{},[15,26846,26847],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26850,26851],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26854,20199],{}," when the key might not exist.",[59,26857,178,26859,181],{"id":26858},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26860,13081],{},[20,26862,26863,1063],{},[15,26864,13081],{},[33,26866,26867,26870,26873,26876],{},[36,26868,26869],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[36,26871,26872],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[36,26874,26875],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[36,26877,26878],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26880,206],{},[64,26882,26884],{"className":66,"code":26883,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26885,26886,26926,26930,26953,26957,26971],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,26887,26888,26890,26892,26894,26896,26898,26900,26902,26904,26906,26908,26910,26912,26914,26916,26918,26920,26922,26924],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,26889,11998],{"class":216},[73,26891,221],{"class":220},[73,26893,10997],{"class":83},[73,26895,94],{"class":93},[73,26897,8177],{"class":97},[73,26899,94],{"class":93},[73,26901,1063],{"class":83},[73,26903,224],{"class":93},[73,26905,13732],{"class":97},[73,26907,94],{"class":93},[73,26909,140],{"class":83},[73,26911,224],{"class":93},[73,26913,10915],{"class":97},[73,26915,94],{"class":93},[73,26917,1063],{"class":83},[73,26919,224],{"class":93},[73,26921,10922],{"class":97},[73,26923,94],{"class":93},[73,26925,9814],{"class":83},[73,26927,26928],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,26929,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,26931,26932,26935,26937,26939,26941,26943,26945,26947,26949,26951],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,26933,26934],{"class":216},"removed_city ",[73,26936,221],{"class":220},[73,26938,12081],{"class":216},[73,26940,653],{"class":83},[73,26942,26751],{"class":245},[73,26944,84],{"class":83},[73,26946,94],{"class":93},[73,26948,10915],{"class":97},[73,26950,94],{"class":93},[73,26952,249],{"class":83},[73,26954,26955],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,26956,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,26958,26959,26961,26963,26966,26968],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,26960,80],{"class":79},[73,26962,84],{"class":83},[73,26964,26965],{"class":245},"removed_city",[73,26967,4177],{"class":83},[73,26969,26970],{"class":769},"  # Paris\n",[73,26972,26973,26975,26977,26979,26981],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,26974,80],{"class":79},[73,26976,84],{"class":83},[73,26978,12092],{"class":245},[73,26980,4177],{"class":83},[73,26982,26983],{"class":769},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26985,21283,26986,26989,26990,653],{},[15,26987,26988],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26991,26992],{},"\"Paris\"",[59,26994,370],{"id":369},[20,26996,26997],{},"There are two common forms:",[64,26999,27001],{"className":66,"code":27000,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,27002,27003,27017],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,27004,27005,27007,27009,27011,27013,27015],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,27006,11959],{"class":216},[73,27008,653],{"class":83},[73,27010,26751],{"class":245},[73,27012,84],{"class":83},[73,27014,15350],{"class":245},[73,27016,249],{"class":83},[73,27018,27019,27021,27023,27025,27027,27029,27031,27034],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,27020,11959],{"class":216},[73,27022,653],{"class":83},[73,27024,26751],{"class":245},[73,27026,84],{"class":83},[73,27028,15350],{"class":245},[73,27030,140],{"class":83},[73,27032,27033],{"class":245}," default",[73,27035,249],{"class":83},[33,27037,27038,27044,27052,27058],{},[36,27039,27040,27043],{},[15,27041,27042],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[36,27045,27046,27048,27049,27051],{},[15,27047,27042],{}," raises ",[15,27050,20199],{}," if the key is missing",[36,27053,27054,27057],{},[15,27055,27056],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[36,27059,27060],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,27062,206],{},[64,27064,27066],{"className":66,"code":27065,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,27067,27068,27100,27104,27129,27157],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,27069,27070,27072,27074,27076,27078,27080,27082,27084,27086,27088,27090,27092,27094,27096,27098],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,27071,5577],{"class":216},[73,27073,221],{"class":220},[73,27075,10997],{"class":83},[73,27077,94],{"class":93},[73,27079,18929],{"class":97},[73,27081,94],{"class":93},[73,27083,1063],{"class":83},[73,27085,20410],{"class":116},[73,27087,140],{"class":83},[73,27089,224],{"class":93},[73,27091,18938],{"class":97},[73,27093,94],{"class":93},[73,27095,1063],{"class":83},[73,27097,14018],{"class":116},[73,27099,9814],{"class":83},[73,27101,27102],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,27103,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,27105,27106,27108,27110,27112,27114,27116,27118,27120,27122,27124,27126],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,27107,80],{"class":79},[73,27109,84],{"class":83},[73,27111,16899],{"class":245},[73,27113,653],{"class":83},[73,27115,26751],{"class":245},[73,27117,84],{"class":83},[73,27119,94],{"class":93},[73,27121,18929],{"class":97},[73,27123,94],{"class":93},[73,27125,5874],{"class":83},[73,27127,27128],{"class":769},"         # 90\n",[73,27130,27131,27133,27135,27137,27139,27141,27143,27145,27147,27149,27151,27153,27155],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,27132,80],{"class":79},[73,27134,84],{"class":83},[73,27136,16899],{"class":245},[73,27138,653],{"class":83},[73,27140,26751],{"class":245},[73,27142,84],{"class":83},[73,27144,94],{"class":93},[73,27146,18947],{"class":97},[73,27148,94],{"class":93},[73,27150,140],{"class":83},[73,27152,4345],{"class":116},[73,27154,5874],{"class":83},[73,27156,21280],{"class":769},[73,27158,27159,27161,27163,27165,27167],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,27160,80],{"class":79},[73,27162,84],{"class":83},[73,27164,16899],{"class":245},[73,27166,4177],{"class":83},[73,27168,27169],{"class":769},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[59,27171,17930],{"id":17929},[20,27173,27174,1192,27176,27178],{},[15,27175,13273],{},[1194,27177,1196],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,27180,27181],{},"Instead, it returns:",[33,27183,27184,27187],{},[36,27185,27186],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[36,27188,27189],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,27191,206],{},[64,27193,27195],{"className":66,"code":27194,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,27196,27197,27229,27233,27256,27288,27292,27306,27320],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,27198,27199,27201,27203,27205,27207,27209,27211,27213,27215,27217,27219,27221,27223,27225,27227],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,27200,9672],{"class":216},[73,27202,221],{"class":220},[73,27204,10997],{"class":83},[73,27206,94],{"class":93},[73,27208,646],{"class":97},[73,27210,94],{"class":93},[73,27212,1063],{"class":83},[73,27214,6516],{"class":116},[73,27216,140],{"class":83},[73,27218,224],{"class":93},[73,27220,5274],{"class":97},[73,27222,94],{"class":93},[73,27224,1063],{"class":83},[73,27226,8300],{"class":116},[73,27228,9814],{"class":83},[73,27230,27231],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,27232,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,27234,27235,27238,27240,27242,27244,27246,27248,27250,27252,27254],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,27236,27237],{"class":216},"result1 ",[73,27239,221],{"class":220},[73,27241,15076],{"class":216},[73,27243,653],{"class":83},[73,27245,26751],{"class":245},[73,27247,84],{"class":83},[73,27249,94],{"class":93},[73,27251,646],{"class":97},[73,27253,94],{"class":93},[73,27255,249],{"class":83},[73,27257,27258,27261,27263,27265,27267,27269,27271,27273,27275,27277,27279,27281,27284,27286],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,27259,27260],{"class":216},"result2 ",[73,27262,221],{"class":220},[73,27264,15076],{"class":216},[73,27266,653],{"class":83},[73,27268,26751],{"class":245},[73,27270,84],{"class":83},[73,27272,94],{"class":93},[73,27274,10245],{"class":97},[73,27276,94],{"class":93},[73,27278,140],{"class":83},[73,27280,224],{"class":93},[73,27282,27283],{"class":97},"missing",[73,27285,94],{"class":93},[73,27287,249],{"class":83},[73,27289,27290],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,27291,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,27293,27294,27296,27298,27301,27303],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,27295,80],{"class":79},[73,27297,84],{"class":83},[73,27299,27300],{"class":245},"result1",[73,27302,4177],{"class":83},[73,27304,27305],{"class":769},"  # 10\n",[73,27307,27308,27310,27312,27315,27317],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,27309,80],{"class":79},[73,27311,84],{"class":83},[73,27313,27314],{"class":245},"result2",[73,27316,4177],{"class":83},[73,27318,27319],{"class":769},"  # missing\n",[73,27321,27322,27324,27326,27328,27330],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,27323,80],{"class":79},[73,27325,84],{"class":83},[73,27327,9710],{"class":245},[73,27329,4177],{"class":83},[73,27331,27332],{"class":769},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,27334,27335,27336,7140],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[646,27337,27338],{"href":11243},[15,27339,27340],{},"dict.get()",[59,27342,1999,27344],{"id":27343},"when-to-use-pop",[15,27345,13273],{},[20,27347,171,27348,11108],{},[15,27349,13273],{},[33,27351,27352,27355,27358],{},[36,27353,27354],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[36,27356,27357],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[36,27359,27360],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,27362,206],{},[64,27364,27366],{"className":66,"code":27365,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,27367,27368,27420,27424,27451,27455,27479,27483,27497,27511],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,27369,27370,27372,27374,27376,27378,27380,27382,27384,27386,27389,27391,27393,27395,27397,27399,27401,27404,27406,27408,27411,27413,27415,27418],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,27371,25634],{"class":216},[73,27373,221],{"class":220},[73,27375,10997],{"class":83},[73,27377,94],{"class":93},[73,27379,8177],{"class":97},[73,27381,94],{"class":93},[73,27383,1063],{"class":83},[73,27385,224],{"class":93},[73,27387,27388],{"class":97},"Laptop",[73,27390,94],{"class":93},[73,27392,140],{"class":83},[73,27394,224],{"class":93},[73,27396,25660],{"class":97},[73,27398,94],{"class":93},[73,27400,1063],{"class":83},[73,27402,27403],{"class":116}," 1200",[73,27405,140],{"class":83},[73,27407,224],{"class":93},[73,27409,27410],{"class":97},"discount",[73,27412,94],{"class":93},[73,27414,1063],{"class":83},[73,27416,27417],{"class":116}," 200",[73,27419,9814],{"class":83},[73,27421,27422],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,27423,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,27425,27426,27429,27431,27433,27435,27437,27439,27441,27443,27445,27447,27449],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,27427,27428],{"class":216},"discount_amount ",[73,27430,221],{"class":220},[73,27432,25712],{"class":216},[73,27434,653],{"class":83},[73,27436,26751],{"class":245},[73,27438,84],{"class":83},[73,27440,94],{"class":93},[73,27442,27410],{"class":97},[73,27444,94],{"class":93},[73,27446,140],{"class":83},[73,27448,4345],{"class":116},[73,27450,249],{"class":83},[73,27452,27453],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,27454,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,27456,27457,27460,27462,27464,27466,27468,27470,27472,27474,27476],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,27458,27459],{"class":216},"final_price ",[73,27461,221],{"class":220},[73,27463,25712],{"class":216},[73,27465,4410],{"class":83},[73,27467,94],{"class":93},[73,27469,25660],{"class":97},[73,27471,94],{"class":93},[73,27473,13784],{"class":83},[73,27475,2759],{"class":220},[73,27477,27478],{"class":216}," discount_amount\n",[73,27480,27481],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,27482,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,27484,27485,27487,27489,27492,27494],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,27486,80],{"class":79},[73,27488,84],{"class":83},[73,27490,27491],{"class":245},"discount_amount",[73,27493,4177],{"class":83},[73,27495,27496],{"class":769},"  # 200\n",[73,27498,27499,27501,27503,27506,27508],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,27500,80],{"class":79},[73,27502,84],{"class":83},[73,27504,27505],{"class":245},"final_price",[73,27507,4177],{"class":83},[73,27509,27510],{"class":769},"      # 1000\n",[73,27512,27513,27515,27517,27520,27522],{"class":75,"line":6940},[73,27514,80],{"class":79},[73,27516,84],{"class":83},[73,27518,27519],{"class":245},"product",[73,27521,4177],{"class":83},[73,27523,27524],{"class":769},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,27526,27527],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[59,27529,27531,11092,27533],{"id":27530},"pop-vs-del",[15,27532,13273],{},[15,27534,27535],{},"del",[20,27537,11097,27538,1647,27540,27542],{},[15,27539,13273],{},[15,27541,27535],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[403,27544,171,27546,27548],{"id":27545},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,27547,13273],{}," when you need the removed value",[64,27550,27552],{"className":66,"code":27551,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27553,27554,27590,27594,27616,27620,27633],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,27555,27556,27558,27560,27562,27564,27566,27568,27570,27572,27574,27576,27578,27580,27582,27584,27586,27588],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,27557,13715],{"class":216},[73,27559,221],{"class":220},[73,27561,10997],{"class":83},[73,27563,94],{"class":93},[73,27565,8177],{"class":97},[73,27567,94],{"class":93},[73,27569,1063],{"class":83},[73,27571,224],{"class":93},[73,27573,13391],{"class":97},[73,27575,94],{"class":93},[73,27577,140],{"class":83},[73,27579,224],{"class":93},[73,27581,9804],{"class":97},[73,27583,94],{"class":93},[73,27585,1063],{"class":83},[73,27587,9811],{"class":116},[73,27589,9814],{"class":83},[73,27591,27592],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,27593,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,27595,27596,27598,27600,27602,27604,27606,27608,27610,27612,27614],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,27597,2056],{"class":216},[73,27599,221],{"class":220},[73,27601,13758],{"class":216},[73,27603,653],{"class":83},[73,27605,26751],{"class":245},[73,27607,84],{"class":83},[73,27609,94],{"class":93},[73,27611,9804],{"class":97},[73,27613,94],{"class":93},[73,27615,249],{"class":83},[73,27617,27618],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,27619,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,27621,27622,27624,27626,27628,27630],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,27623,80],{"class":79},[73,27625,84],{"class":83},[73,27627,9804],{"class":245},[73,27629,4177],{"class":83},[73,27631,27632],{"class":769},"     # 25\n",[73,27634,27635,27637,27639,27641,27643],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,27636,80],{"class":79},[73,27638,84],{"class":83},[73,27640,17818],{"class":245},[73,27642,4177],{"class":83},[73,27644,27645],{"class":769},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[403,27647,171,27649,27651],{"id":27648},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27650,27535],{}," when you only want deletion",[64,27653,27655],{"className":66,"code":27654,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27656,27657,27693,27697,27713,27717],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,27658,27659,27661,27663,27665,27667,27669,27671,27673,27675,27677,27679,27681,27683,27685,27687,27689,27691],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,27660,13715],{"class":216},[73,27662,221],{"class":220},[73,27664,10997],{"class":83},[73,27666,94],{"class":93},[73,27668,8177],{"class":97},[73,27670,94],{"class":93},[73,27672,1063],{"class":83},[73,27674,224],{"class":93},[73,27676,13391],{"class":97},[73,27678,94],{"class":93},[73,27680,140],{"class":83},[73,27682,224],{"class":93},[73,27684,9804],{"class":97},[73,27686,94],{"class":93},[73,27688,1063],{"class":83},[73,27690,9811],{"class":116},[73,27692,9814],{"class":83},[73,27694,27695],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,27696,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,27698,27699,27701,27703,27705,27707,27709,27711],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,27700,27535],{"class":933},[73,27702,13758],{"class":216},[73,27704,4410],{"class":83},[73,27706,94],{"class":93},[73,27708,9804],{"class":97},[73,27710,94],{"class":93},[73,27712,924],{"class":83},[73,27714,27715],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,27716,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,27718,27719,27721,27723,27725,27727],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,27720,80],{"class":79},[73,27722,84],{"class":83},[73,27724,17818],{"class":245},[73,27726,4177],{"class":83},[73,27728,27645],{"class":769},[20,27730,27731],{},"Difference:",[33,27733,27734,27739],{},[36,27735,27736,27738],{},[15,27737,13273],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[36,27740,27741,27743],{},[15,27742,27535],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27745,27746,27747,653],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[646,27748,13086],{"href":13085},[59,27750,27752,27753],{"id":27751},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27754,20199],{},[20,27756,27757],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[403,27759,27761],{"id":27760},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[64,27763,27765],{"className":66,"code":27764,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27766,27767,27792,27796,27822,27826,27838],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,27768,27769,27771,27773,27775,27777,27779,27781,27783,27785,27788,27790],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,27770,12235],{"class":216},[73,27772,221],{"class":220},[73,27774,10997],{"class":83},[73,27776,94],{"class":93},[73,27778,8177],{"class":97},[73,27780,94],{"class":93},[73,27782,1063],{"class":83},[73,27784,224],{"class":93},[73,27786,27787],{"class":97},"Sara",[73,27789,94],{"class":93},[73,27791,9814],{"class":83},[73,27793,27794],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,27795,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,27797,27798,27800,27802,27804,27806,27808,27810,27812,27814,27816,27818,27820],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,27799,2202],{"class":216},[73,27801,221],{"class":220},[73,27803,12277],{"class":216},[73,27805,653],{"class":83},[73,27807,26751],{"class":245},[73,27809,84],{"class":83},[73,27811,94],{"class":93},[73,27813,9804],{"class":97},[73,27815,94],{"class":93},[73,27817,140],{"class":83},[73,27819,4364],{"class":484},[73,27821,249],{"class":83},[73,27823,27824],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,27825,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,27827,27828,27830,27832,27834,27836],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,27829,80],{"class":79},[73,27831,84],{"class":83},[73,27833,967],{"class":245},[73,27835,4177],{"class":83},[73,27837,21073],{"class":769},[73,27839,27840,27842,27844,27846,27848],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,27841,80],{"class":79},[73,27843,84],{"class":83},[73,27845,11959],{"class":245},[73,27847,4177],{"class":83},[73,27849,27850],{"class":769}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27852,27853],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[403,27855,27857],{"id":27856},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[64,27859,27861],{"className":66,"code":27860,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27862,27863,27887,27891,27907,27930,27940,27947],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,27864,27865,27867,27869,27871,27873,27875,27877,27879,27881,27883,27885],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,27866,12235],{"class":216},[73,27868,221],{"class":220},[73,27870,10997],{"class":83},[73,27872,94],{"class":93},[73,27874,8177],{"class":97},[73,27876,94],{"class":93},[73,27878,1063],{"class":83},[73,27880,224],{"class":93},[73,27882,27787],{"class":97},[73,27884,94],{"class":93},[73,27886,9814],{"class":83},[73,27888,27889],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,27890,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,27892,27893,27895,27897,27899,27901,27903,27905],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,27894,7507],{"class":933},[73,27896,224],{"class":93},[73,27898,9804],{"class":97},[73,27900,94],{"class":93},[73,27902,21686],{"class":220},[73,27904,12277],{"class":216},[73,27906,946],{"class":83},[73,27908,27909,27912,27914,27916,27918,27920,27922,27924,27926,27928],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,27910,27911],{"class":216},"    value ",[73,27913,221],{"class":220},[73,27915,12277],{"class":216},[73,27917,653],{"class":83},[73,27919,26751],{"class":245},[73,27921,84],{"class":83},[73,27923,94],{"class":93},[73,27925,9804],{"class":97},[73,27927,94],{"class":93},[73,27929,249],{"class":83},[73,27931,27932,27934,27936,27938],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,27933,1676],{"class":79},[73,27935,84],{"class":83},[73,27937,967],{"class":245},[73,27939,249],{"class":83},[73,27941,27942,27945],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,27943,27944],{"class":933},"else",[73,27946,946],{"class":83},[73,27948,27949,27951,27953,27955,27958,27960],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,27950,1676],{"class":79},[73,27952,84],{"class":83},[73,27954,94],{"class":93},[73,27956,27957],{"class":97},"Key not found",[73,27959,94],{"class":93},[73,27961,249],{"class":83},[403,27963,27965,27966,27968],{"id":27964},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27967,11247],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[64,27970,27972],{"className":66,"code":27971,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27973,27974,27998,28002,28028,28032,28044],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,27975,27976,27978,27980,27982,27984,27986,27988,27990,27992,27994,27996],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,27977,12235],{"class":216},[73,27979,221],{"class":220},[73,27981,10997],{"class":83},[73,27983,94],{"class":93},[73,27985,8177],{"class":97},[73,27987,94],{"class":93},[73,27989,1063],{"class":83},[73,27991,224],{"class":93},[73,27993,27787],{"class":97},[73,27995,94],{"class":93},[73,27997,9814],{"class":83},[73,27999,28000],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,28001,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,28003,28004,28006,28008,28010,28012,28014,28016,28018,28020,28022,28024,28026],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,28005,2202],{"class":216},[73,28007,221],{"class":220},[73,28009,12277],{"class":216},[73,28011,653],{"class":83},[73,28013,20262],{"class":245},[73,28015,84],{"class":83},[73,28017,94],{"class":93},[73,28019,9804],{"class":97},[73,28021,94],{"class":93},[73,28023,140],{"class":83},[73,28025,4364],{"class":484},[73,28027,249],{"class":83},[73,28029,28030],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,28031,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,28033,28034,28036,28038,28040,28042],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,28035,80],{"class":79},[73,28037,84],{"class":83},[73,28039,967],{"class":245},[73,28041,4177],{"class":83},[73,28043,21073],{"class":769},[73,28045,28046,28048,28050,28052,28054],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,28047,80],{"class":79},[73,28049,84],{"class":83},[73,28051,11959],{"class":245},[73,28053,4177],{"class":83},[73,28055,27850],{"class":769},[20,28057,171,28058,28062,28063,653],{},[646,28059,28060],{"href":11243},[15,28061,27340],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[646,28064,11771],{"href":11582},[59,28066,5031],{"id":5030},[20,28068,28069,28070,653],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,28071,13081],{},[403,28073,26284,28075,28077],{"id":28074},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,28076,13273],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,28079,28080],{},"Lists use indexes:",[64,28082,28084],{"className":66,"code":28083,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,28085,28086,28106],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,28087,28088,28090,28092,28094,28096,28098,28100,28102,28104],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,28089,4134],{"class":216},[73,28091,221],{"class":220},[73,28093,891],{"class":83},[73,28095,452],{"class":116},[73,28097,140],{"class":83},[73,28099,8300],{"class":116},[73,28101,140],{"class":83},[73,28103,8305],{"class":116},[73,28105,924],{"class":83},[73,28107,28108,28110,28112,28114,28116,28118,28120,28122,28124],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,28109,80],{"class":79},[73,28111,84],{"class":83},[73,28113,4164],{"class":245},[73,28115,653],{"class":83},[73,28117,26751],{"class":245},[73,28119,84],{"class":83},[73,28121,2397],{"class":116},[73,28123,5874],{"class":83},[73,28125,28126],{"class":769},"  # 20\n",[20,28128,28129],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[64,28131,28133],{"className":66,"code":28132,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,28134,28135,28171],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,28136,28137,28139,28141,28143,28145,28147,28149,28151,28153,28155,28157,28159,28161,28163,28165,28167,28169],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,28138,13715],{"class":216},[73,28140,221],{"class":220},[73,28142,10997],{"class":83},[73,28144,94],{"class":93},[73,28146,8177],{"class":97},[73,28148,94],{"class":93},[73,28150,1063],{"class":83},[73,28152,224],{"class":93},[73,28154,13391],{"class":97},[73,28156,94],{"class":93},[73,28158,140],{"class":83},[73,28160,224],{"class":93},[73,28162,9804],{"class":97},[73,28164,94],{"class":93},[73,28166,1063],{"class":83},[73,28168,9811],{"class":116},[73,28170,9814],{"class":83},[73,28172,28173,28175,28177,28179,28181,28183,28185,28187,28189,28191,28193],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,28174,80],{"class":79},[73,28176,84],{"class":83},[73,28178,17818],{"class":245},[73,28180,653],{"class":83},[73,28182,26751],{"class":245},[73,28184,84],{"class":83},[73,28186,94],{"class":93},[73,28188,9804],{"class":97},[73,28190,94],{"class":93},[73,28192,5874],{"class":83},[73,28194,28195],{"class":769},"  # 25\n",[20,28197,28198,28199,28201,28202,28204],{},"A dictionary does ",[1194,28200,1196],{}," use positions with ",[15,28203,13273],{},". It uses keys.",[403,28206,5217,28208,28210],{"id":28207},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,28209,13273],{}," changes the original dictionary",[64,28212,28214],{"className":66,"code":28213,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,28215,28216,28248,28252,28274,28278,28291],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,28217,28218,28220,28222,28224,28226,28228,28230,28232,28234,28236,28238,28240,28242,28244,28246],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,28219,9672],{"class":216},[73,28221,221],{"class":220},[73,28223,10997],{"class":83},[73,28225,94],{"class":93},[73,28227,384],{"class":97},[73,28229,94],{"class":93},[73,28231,1063],{"class":83},[73,28233,2085],{"class":116},[73,28235,140],{"class":83},[73,28237,224],{"class":93},[73,28239,12256],{"class":97},[73,28241,94],{"class":93},[73,28243,1063],{"class":83},[73,28245,143],{"class":116},[73,28247,9814],{"class":83},[73,28249,28250],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,28251,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,28253,28254,28256,28258,28260,28262,28264,28266,28268,28270,28272],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,28255,2202],{"class":216},[73,28257,221],{"class":220},[73,28259,15076],{"class":216},[73,28261,653],{"class":83},[73,28263,26751],{"class":245},[73,28265,84],{"class":83},[73,28267,94],{"class":93},[73,28269,384],{"class":97},[73,28271,94],{"class":93},[73,28273,249],{"class":83},[73,28275,28276],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,28277,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,28279,28280,28282,28284,28286,28288],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,28281,80],{"class":79},[73,28283,84],{"class":83},[73,28285,967],{"class":245},[73,28287,4177],{"class":83},[73,28289,28290],{"class":769},"  # 1\n",[73,28292,28293,28295,28297,28299,28301],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,28294,80],{"class":79},[73,28296,84],{"class":83},[73,28298,9710],{"class":245},[73,28300,4177],{"class":83},[73,28302,28303],{"class":769},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,28305,28306,28307,28309],{},"After ",[15,28308,13273],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[403,28311,657,28313,28315],{"id":28312},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,28314,13273],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[64,28317,28319],{"className":66,"code":28318,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,28320,28321,28345,28349,28354],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,28322,28323,28325,28327,28329,28331,28333,28335,28337,28339,28341,28343],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,28324,9672],{"class":216},[73,28326,221],{"class":220},[73,28328,10997],{"class":83},[73,28330,94],{"class":93},[73,28332,8177],{"class":97},[73,28334,94],{"class":93},[73,28336,1063],{"class":83},[73,28338,224],{"class":93},[73,28340,8432],{"class":97},[73,28342,94],{"class":93},[73,28344,9814],{"class":83},[73,28346,28347],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,28348,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,28350,28351],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,28352,28353],{"class":769},"# This causes an error\n",[73,28355,28356],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,28357,28358],{"class":769},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,28360,28361],{},"Safer version:",[64,28363,28365],{"className":66,"code":28364,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,28366,28367,28391,28395],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,28368,28369,28371,28373,28375,28377,28379,28381,28383,28385,28387,28389],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,28370,9672],{"class":216},[73,28372,221],{"class":220},[73,28374,10997],{"class":83},[73,28376,94],{"class":93},[73,28378,8177],{"class":97},[73,28380,94],{"class":93},[73,28382,1063],{"class":83},[73,28384,224],{"class":93},[73,28386,8432],{"class":97},[73,28388,94],{"class":93},[73,28390,9814],{"class":83},[73,28392,28393],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,28394,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,28396,28397,28399,28401,28403,28405,28407,28409,28411,28413,28415,28417,28419,28421,28423,28425],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,28398,80],{"class":79},[73,28400,84],{"class":83},[73,28402,9710],{"class":245},[73,28404,653],{"class":83},[73,28406,26751],{"class":245},[73,28408,84],{"class":83},[73,28410,94],{"class":93},[73,28412,9804],{"class":97},[73,28414,94],{"class":93},[73,28416,140],{"class":83},[73,28418,224],{"class":93},[73,28420,27283],{"class":97},[73,28422,94],{"class":93},[73,28424,5874],{"class":83},[73,28426,27319],{"class":769},[403,28428,2300,28430,28432],{"id":28429},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,28431,13273],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[64,28434,28436],{"className":66,"code":28435,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,28437,28438,28470,28474,28496,28500,28512],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,28439,28440,28442,28444,28446,28448,28450,28452,28454,28456,28458,28460,28462,28464,28466,28468],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,28441,9672],{"class":216},[73,28443,221],{"class":220},[73,28445,10997],{"class":83},[73,28447,94],{"class":93},[73,28449,646],{"class":97},[73,28451,94],{"class":93},[73,28453,1063],{"class":83},[73,28455,2085],{"class":116},[73,28457,140],{"class":83},[73,28459,224],{"class":93},[73,28461,5274],{"class":97},[73,28463,94],{"class":93},[73,28465,1063],{"class":83},[73,28467,143],{"class":116},[73,28469,9814],{"class":83},[73,28471,28472],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,28473,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,28475,28476,28478,28480,28482,28484,28486,28488,28490,28492,28494],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,28477,2766],{"class":216},[73,28479,221],{"class":220},[73,28481,15076],{"class":216},[73,28483,653],{"class":83},[73,28485,26751],{"class":245},[73,28487,84],{"class":83},[73,28489,94],{"class":93},[73,28491,646],{"class":97},[73,28493,94],{"class":93},[73,28495,249],{"class":83},[73,28497,28498],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,28499,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,28501,28502,28504,28506,28508,28510],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,28503,80],{"class":79},[73,28505,84],{"class":83},[73,28507,2800],{"class":245},[73,28509,4177],{"class":83},[73,28511,28290],{"class":769},[73,28513,28514,28516,28518,28520,28522],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,28515,80],{"class":79},[73,28517,84],{"class":83},[73,28519,9710],{"class":245},[73,28521,4177],{"class":83},[73,28523,28524],{"class":769},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,28526,28527],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[59,28529,28531],{"id":28530},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,28533,28534,28535,28537],{},"Problems with ",[15,28536,13081],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[33,28539,28540,28543,28552,28555],{},[36,28541,28542],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[36,28544,28545,28546,28549,28550],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,28547,28548],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,28551,26847],{},[36,28553,28554],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[36,28556,28557,28558,11600,28560],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,28559,2397],{},[15,28561,28562],{},"\"1\"",[20,28564,28565],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[64,28567,28569],{"className":66,"code":28568,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,28570,28571,28595,28599,28629],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,28572,28573,28575,28577,28579,28581,28583,28585,28587,28589,28591,28593],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,28574,9672],{"class":216},[73,28576,221],{"class":220},[73,28578,10997],{"class":83},[73,28580,94],{"class":93},[73,28582,2397],{"class":97},[73,28584,94],{"class":93},[73,28586,1063],{"class":83},[73,28588,224],{"class":93},[73,28590,7094],{"class":97},[73,28592,94],{"class":93},[73,28594,9814],{"class":83},[73,28596,28597],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,28598,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,28600,28601,28603,28605,28607,28609,28611,28613,28615,28617,28619,28622,28624,28626],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,28602,80],{"class":79},[73,28604,84],{"class":83},[73,28606,9710],{"class":245},[73,28608,653],{"class":83},[73,28610,26751],{"class":245},[73,28612,84],{"class":83},[73,28614,2397],{"class":116},[73,28616,140],{"class":83},[73,28618,224],{"class":93},[73,28620,28621],{"class":97},"not found",[73,28623,94],{"class":93},[73,28625,5874],{"class":83},[73,28627,28628],{"class":769},"    # not found\n",[73,28630,28631,28633,28635,28637,28639,28641,28643,28645,28647,28649,28651,28653,28655,28657,28659],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,28632,80],{"class":79},[73,28634,84],{"class":83},[73,28636,9710],{"class":245},[73,28638,653],{"class":83},[73,28640,26751],{"class":245},[73,28642,84],{"class":83},[73,28644,94],{"class":93},[73,28646,2397],{"class":97},[73,28648,94],{"class":93},[73,28650,140],{"class":83},[73,28652,224],{"class":93},[73,28654,28621],{"class":97},[73,28656,94],{"class":93},[73,28658,5874],{"class":83},[73,28660,28661],{"class":769},"  # one\n",[20,28663,28664,1647,28666,28668],{},[15,28665,2397],{},[15,28667,28562],{}," are different keys.",[59,28670,9381],{"id":9380},[20,28672,9384,28673,28675],{},[15,28674,13273],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[64,28677,28679],{"className":66,"code":28678,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28680,28681,28691,28705,28723,28753],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,28682,28683,28685,28687,28689],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,28684,80],{"class":79},[73,28686,84],{"class":83},[73,28688,11959],{"class":245},[73,28690,249],{"class":83},[73,28692,28693,28695,28697,28699,28701,28703],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,28694,80],{"class":79},[73,28696,84],{"class":83},[73,28698,11959],{"class":245},[73,28700,653],{"class":83},[73,28702,17434],{"class":245},[73,28704,7704],{"class":83},[73,28706,28707,28709,28711,28713,28715,28717,28719,28721],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,28708,80],{"class":79},[73,28710,84],{"class":83},[73,28712,343],{"class":93},[73,28714,8177],{"class":97},[73,28716,343],{"class":93},[73,28718,21686],{"class":933},[73,28720,12277],{"class":245},[73,28722,249],{"class":83},[73,28724,28725,28727,28729,28731,28733,28735,28737,28739,28741,28743,28745,28747,28749,28751],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,28726,80],{"class":79},[73,28728,84],{"class":83},[73,28730,11959],{"class":245},[73,28732,653],{"class":83},[73,28734,26751],{"class":245},[73,28736,84],{"class":83},[73,28738,343],{"class":93},[73,28740,8177],{"class":97},[73,28742,343],{"class":93},[73,28744,140],{"class":83},[73,28746,337],{"class":93},[73,28748,27283],{"class":97},[73,28750,343],{"class":93},[73,28752,102],{"class":83},[73,28754,28755,28757,28759,28761,28763,28765],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,28756,80],{"class":79},[73,28758,84],{"class":83},[73,28760,288],{"class":87},[73,28762,84],{"class":83},[73,28764,11959],{"class":245},[73,28766,102],{"class":83},[20,28768,21849],{},[33,28770,28771,28776,28781,28786,28792],{},[36,28772,28773,28775],{},[15,28774,13191],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[36,28777,28778,28780],{},[15,28779,21861],{}," shows all available keys",[36,28782,28783,28785],{},[15,28784,21867],{}," checks whether a key exists",[36,28787,28788,28791],{},[15,28789,28790],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[36,28793,28794,28796],{},[15,28795,13197],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28798,28799,28800,653],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[646,28801,9897],{"href":9896},[59,28803,2350],{"id":2349},[403,28805,28807,28808,28810],{"id":28806},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28809,13273],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28812,28813],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[403,28815,28817],{"id":28816},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28819,28820,27048,28822,2398,28824,28826],{},[15,28821,26847],{},[15,28823,20199],{},[15,28825,26851],{}," returns the default value instead.",[403,28828,2354,28830,15405],{"id":28829},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28831,13273],{},[20,28833,28834],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[403,28836,28838,28839,28841],{"id":28837},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,28840,13273],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28843,28844,28845,28847,28848,653],{},"Not with ",[15,28846,13081],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[646,28849,28850],{"href":13092},[15,28851,13280],{},[403,28853,5691,28855,1647,28857,3023],{"id":28854},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28856,11247],{},[15,28858,13273],{},[20,28860,28861,28863,28864,28866],{},[15,28862,11247],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28865,13273],{}," reads and removes it.",[59,28868,2413],{"id":2412},[33,28870,28871,28877,28884,28888,28892,28896],{},[36,28872,28873],{},[646,28874,28875],{"href":11243},[15,28876,20180],{},[36,28878,28879],{},[646,28880,28881],{"href":13092},[15,28882,28883],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[36,28885,28886],{},[646,28887,13297],{"href":13085},[36,28889,28890],{},[646,28891,21970],{"href":17107},[36,28893,28894],{},[646,28895,11771],{"href":11582},[36,28897,28898],{},[646,28899,28901],{"href":28900},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2459,28903,28904],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":28906},[28907,28908,28910,28911,28912,28914,28921,28928,28938,28939,28940,28951],{"id":4123,"depth":105,"text":4124},{"id":26858,"depth":105,"text":28909},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":17929,"depth":105,"text":17930},{"id":27343,"depth":105,"text":28913},"When to use pop()",{"id":27530,"depth":105,"text":28915,"children":28916},"pop() vs del",[28917,28919],{"id":27545,"depth":122,"text":28918},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27648,"depth":122,"text":28920},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27751,"depth":105,"text":28922,"children":28923},"How to avoid KeyError",[28924,28925,28926],{"id":27760,"depth":122,"text":27761},{"id":27856,"depth":122,"text":27857},{"id":27964,"depth":122,"text":28927},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":5030,"depth":105,"text":5031,"children":28929},[28930,28932,28934,28936],{"id":28074,"depth":122,"text":28931},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":28207,"depth":122,"text":28933},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":28312,"depth":122,"text":28935},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28429,"depth":122,"text":28937},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28530,"depth":105,"text":28531},{"id":9380,"depth":105,"text":9381},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":28941},[28942,28944,28945,28947,28949],{"id":28806,"depth":122,"text":28943},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28816,"depth":122,"text":28817},{"id":28829,"depth":122,"text":28946},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28837,"depth":122,"text":28948},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28854,"depth":122,"text":28950},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26679,"description":28952},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28959,"title":28883,"body":28960,"description":30895,"extension":2511,"meta":30896,"navigation":254,"path":30897,"seo":30898,"stem":30899,"__hash__":30900},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28961,"toc":30859},[28962,28967,28972,28975,28983,28993,28995,29084,29088,29137,29142,29147,29151,29167,29170,29172,29187,29189,29205,29212,29216,29222,29231,29233,29302,29306,29327,29330,29349,29352,29375,29377,29380,29495,29499,29558,29565,29569,29574,29699,29703,29753,29756,29760,29767,29769,29832,29836,29857,29860,29869,29884,29892,29899,29903,29915,29919,29930,29932,30078,30082,30141,30148,30153,30157,30163,30186,30191,30209,30213,30284,30291,30362,30371,30376,30381,30392,30395,30532,30537,30569,30574,30576,30580,30640,30643,30700,30703,30746,30748,30753,30759,30765,30768,30775,30783,30788,30791,30798,30806,30808,30856],[10,28963,11827,28965,11831],{"id":28964},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28966,13280],{},[20,28968,1580,28969,28971],{},[15,28970,13280],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28973,28974],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[33,28976,28977,28980],{},[36,28978,28979],{},"remove an item",[36,28981,28982],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28984,28985,28986,28988,28989,28992],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28987,13280],{}," removes the ",[1194,28990,28991],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[59,28994,62],{"id":61},[64,28996,28998],{"className":66,"code":28997,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28999,29000,29044,29060,29064,29074],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,29001,29002,29004,29006,29008,29010,29012,29014,29016,29018,29020,29022,29024,29026,29028,29030,29032,29034,29036,29038,29040,29042],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,29003,9672],{"class":216},[73,29005,221],{"class":220},[73,29007,10997],{"class":83},[73,29009,94],{"class":93},[73,29011,646],{"class":97},[73,29013,94],{"class":93},[73,29015,1063],{"class":83},[73,29017,2085],{"class":116},[73,29019,140],{"class":83},[73,29021,224],{"class":93},[73,29023,5274],{"class":97},[73,29025,94],{"class":93},[73,29027,1063],{"class":83},[73,29029,143],{"class":116},[73,29031,140],{"class":83},[73,29033,224],{"class":93},[73,29035,10245],{"class":97},[73,29037,94],{"class":93},[73,29039,1063],{"class":83},[73,29041,2982],{"class":116},[73,29043,9814],{"class":83},[73,29045,29046,29049,29051,29053,29055,29058],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,29047,29048],{"class":216},"item ",[73,29050,221],{"class":220},[73,29052,15076],{"class":216},[73,29054,653],{"class":83},[73,29056,29057],{"class":245},"popitem",[73,29059,9151],{"class":83},[73,29061,29062],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,29063,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,29065,29066,29068,29070,29072],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,29067,80],{"class":79},[73,29069,84],{"class":83},[73,29071,23820],{"class":245},[73,29073,249],{"class":83},[73,29075,29076,29078,29080,29082],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,29077,80],{"class":79},[73,29079,84],{"class":83},[73,29081,9710],{"class":245},[73,29083,249],{"class":83},[20,29085,29086],{},[1194,29087,148],{},[64,29089,29091],{"className":66,"code":29090,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,29092,29093,29109],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,29094,29095,29097,29099,29101,29103,29105,29107],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,29096,84],{"class":83},[73,29098,343],{"class":93},[73,29100,10245],{"class":97},[73,29102,343],{"class":93},[73,29104,140],{"class":83},[73,29106,2982],{"class":116},[73,29108,249],{"class":83},[73,29110,29111,29113,29115,29117,29119,29121,29123,29125,29127,29129,29131,29133,29135],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,29112,999],{"class":83},[73,29114,343],{"class":93},[73,29116,646],{"class":97},[73,29118,343],{"class":93},[73,29120,1063],{"class":83},[73,29122,2085],{"class":116},[73,29124,140],{"class":83},[73,29126,337],{"class":93},[73,29128,5274],{"class":97},[73,29130,343],{"class":93},[73,29132,1063],{"class":83},[73,29134,143],{"class":116},[73,29136,9814],{"class":83},[20,29138,29139,29141],{},[15,29140,13280],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[59,29143,178,29145,181],{"id":29144},"what-popitem-does",[15,29146,13280],{},[20,29148,29149,1063],{},[15,29150,13280],{},[33,29152,29153,29156,29161,29164],{},[36,29154,29155],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[36,29157,29158,29159],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,29160,22166],{},[36,29162,29163],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[36,29165,29166],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,29168,29169],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[59,29171,370],{"id":369},[64,29173,29175],{"className":66,"code":29174,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,29176,29177],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,29178,29179,29181,29183,29185],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,29180,16114],{"class":216},[73,29182,653],{"class":83},[73,29184,29057],{"class":245},[73,29186,9151],{"class":83},[20,29188,11968],{},[33,29190,29191,29199,29202],{},[36,29192,29193,29195,29196],{},[15,29194,13280],{}," takes ",[1194,29197,29198],{},"no arguments",[36,29200,29201],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[36,29203,29204],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,29206,29207,29208,7140],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[646,29209,29210],{"href":13078},[15,29211,13273],{},[59,29213,29215],{"id":29214},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,29217,29218,29219,29221],{},"The value returned by ",[15,29220,13280],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[29223,29224,29225,29228],"ol",{},[36,29226,29227],{},"the key",[36,29229,29230],{},"the value",[20,29232,206],{},[64,29234,29236],{"className":66,"code":29235,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,29237,29238,29274,29288,29292],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,29239,29240,29242,29244,29246,29248,29250,29252,29254,29256,29258,29260,29262,29264,29266,29268,29270,29272],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,29241,13715],{"class":216},[73,29243,221],{"class":220},[73,29245,10997],{"class":83},[73,29247,94],{"class":93},[73,29249,8177],{"class":97},[73,29251,94],{"class":93},[73,29253,1063],{"class":83},[73,29255,224],{"class":93},[73,29257,5517],{"class":97},[73,29259,94],{"class":93},[73,29261,140],{"class":83},[73,29263,224],{"class":93},[73,29265,9804],{"class":97},[73,29267,94],{"class":93},[73,29269,1063],{"class":83},[73,29271,9811],{"class":116},[73,29273,9814],{"class":83},[73,29275,29276,29278,29280,29282,29284,29286],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,29277,2766],{"class":216},[73,29279,221],{"class":220},[73,29281,13758],{"class":216},[73,29283,653],{"class":83},[73,29285,29057],{"class":245},[73,29287,9151],{"class":83},[73,29289,29290],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,29291,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,29293,29294,29296,29298,29300],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,29295,80],{"class":79},[73,29297,84],{"class":83},[73,29299,2800],{"class":245},[73,29301,249],{"class":83},[20,29303,29304],{},[1194,29305,148],{},[64,29307,29309],{"className":66,"code":29308,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"('age', 25)\n",[15,29310,29311],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,29312,29313,29315,29317,29319,29321,29323,29325],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,29314,84],{"class":83},[73,29316,343],{"class":93},[73,29318,9804],{"class":97},[73,29320,343],{"class":93},[73,29322,140],{"class":83},[73,29324,9811],{"class":116},[73,29326,249],{"class":83},[20,29328,29329],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[64,29331,29333],{"className":66,"code":29332,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,29334,29335],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,29336,29337,29339,29341,29343,29345,29347],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,29338,2766],{"class":216},[73,29340,221],{"class":220},[73,29342,13758],{"class":216},[73,29344,653],{"class":83},[73,29346,29057],{"class":245},[73,29348,9151],{"class":83},[20,29350,29351],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[64,29353,29355],{"className":66,"code":29354,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,29356,29357],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,29358,29359,29361,29363,29365,29367,29369,29371,29373],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,29360,15350],{"class":216},[73,29362,140],{"class":83},[73,29364,937],{"class":216},[73,29366,221],{"class":220},[73,29368,13758],{"class":216},[73,29370,653],{"class":83},[73,29372,29057],{"class":245},[73,29374,9151],{"class":83},[59,29376,11985],{"id":11984},[20,29378,29379],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[64,29381,29383],{"className":66,"code":29382,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,29384,29385,29433,29437,29452,29456,29476],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,29386,29387,29389,29391,29393,29395,29398,29400,29402,29404,29406,29408,29410,29412,29414,29417,29419,29421,29424,29426,29428,29431],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,29388,5577],{"class":216},[73,29390,221],{"class":220},[73,29392,10997],{"class":83},[73,29394,94],{"class":93},[73,29396,29397],{"class":97},"Tom",[73,29399,94],{"class":93},[73,29401,1063],{"class":83},[73,29403,5589],{"class":116},[73,29405,140],{"class":83},[73,29407,224],{"class":93},[73,29409,13391],{"class":97},[73,29411,94],{"class":93},[73,29413,1063],{"class":83},[73,29415,29416],{"class":116}," 95",[73,29418,140],{"class":83},[73,29420,224],{"class":93},[73,29422,29423],{"class":97},"Leo",[73,29425,94],{"class":93},[73,29427,1063],{"class":83},[73,29429,29430],{"class":116}," 88",[73,29432,9814],{"class":83},[73,29434,29435],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,29436,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,29438,29439,29442,29444,29446,29448,29450],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,29440,29441],{"class":216},"removed_pair ",[73,29443,221],{"class":220},[73,29445,5624],{"class":216},[73,29447,653],{"class":83},[73,29449,29057],{"class":245},[73,29451,9151],{"class":83},[73,29453,29454],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,29455,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,29457,29458,29460,29462,29464,29467,29469,29471,29474],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,29459,80],{"class":79},[73,29461,84],{"class":83},[73,29463,94],{"class":93},[73,29465,29466],{"class":97},"Removed:",[73,29468,94],{"class":93},[73,29470,140],{"class":83},[73,29472,29473],{"class":245}," removed_pair",[73,29475,249],{"class":83},[73,29477,29478,29480,29482,29484,29487,29489,29491,29493],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,29479,80],{"class":79},[73,29481,84],{"class":83},[73,29483,94],{"class":93},[73,29485,29486],{"class":97},"After removal:",[73,29488,94],{"class":93},[73,29490,140],{"class":83},[73,29492,5624],{"class":245},[73,29494,249],{"class":83},[20,29496,29497],{},[1194,29498,148],{},[64,29500,29502],{"className":66,"code":29501,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,29503,29504,29525],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,29505,29506,29509,29511,29513,29515,29517,29519,29521,29523],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,29507,29508],{"class":216},"Removed",[73,29510,1063],{"class":83},[73,29512,9742],{"class":83},[73,29514,343],{"class":93},[73,29516,29423],{"class":97},[73,29518,343],{"class":93},[73,29520,140],{"class":83},[73,29522,29430],{"class":116},[73,29524,249],{"class":83},[73,29526,29527,29530,29532,29534,29536,29538,29540,29542,29544,29546,29548,29550,29552,29554,29556],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,29528,29529],{"class":216},"After removal",[73,29531,1063],{"class":83},[73,29533,10997],{"class":83},[73,29535,343],{"class":93},[73,29537,29397],{"class":97},[73,29539,343],{"class":93},[73,29541,1063],{"class":83},[73,29543,5589],{"class":116},[73,29545,140],{"class":83},[73,29547,337],{"class":93},[73,29549,13391],{"class":97},[73,29551,343],{"class":93},[73,29553,1063],{"class":83},[73,29555,29416],{"class":116},[73,29557,9814],{"class":83},[20,29559,29560,29561,29564],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,29562,29563],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[59,29566,29568],{"id":29567},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,29570,2374,29571,29573],{},[15,29572,13280],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[64,29575,29577],{"className":66,"code":29576,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29578,29579,29615,29619,29638,29642,29661,29680],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,29580,29581,29583,29585,29587,29589,29591,29593,29595,29597,29599,29601,29603,29605,29607,29609,29611,29613],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,29582,15957],{"class":216},[73,29584,221],{"class":220},[73,29586,10997],{"class":83},[73,29588,94],{"class":93},[73,29590,15968],{"class":97},[73,29592,94],{"class":93},[73,29594,1063],{"class":83},[73,29596,224],{"class":93},[73,29598,15977],{"class":97},[73,29600,94],{"class":93},[73,29602,140],{"class":83},[73,29604,224],{"class":93},[73,29606,15988],{"class":97},[73,29608,94],{"class":93},[73,29610,1063],{"class":83},[73,29612,27417],{"class":116},[73,29614,9814],{"class":83},[73,29616,29617],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,29618,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,29620,29621,29623,29625,29627,29629,29632,29634,29636],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,29622,15350],{"class":216},[73,29624,140],{"class":83},[73,29626,937],{"class":216},[73,29628,221],{"class":220},[73,29630,29631],{"class":216}," book",[73,29633,653],{"class":83},[73,29635,29057],{"class":245},[73,29637,9151],{"class":83},[73,29639,29640],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,29641,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,29643,29644,29646,29648,29650,29653,29655,29657,29659],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,29645,80],{"class":79},[73,29647,84],{"class":83},[73,29649,94],{"class":93},[73,29651,29652],{"class":97},"Key:",[73,29654,94],{"class":93},[73,29656,140],{"class":83},[73,29658,22092],{"class":245},[73,29660,249],{"class":83},[73,29662,29663,29665,29667,29669,29672,29674,29676,29678],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,29664,80],{"class":79},[73,29666,84],{"class":83},[73,29668,94],{"class":93},[73,29670,29671],{"class":97},"Value:",[73,29673,94],{"class":93},[73,29675,140],{"class":83},[73,29677,8942],{"class":245},[73,29679,249],{"class":83},[73,29681,29682,29684,29686,29688,29691,29693,29695,29697],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,29683,80],{"class":79},[73,29685,84],{"class":83},[73,29687,94],{"class":93},[73,29689,29690],{"class":97},"Dictionary:",[73,29692,94],{"class":93},[73,29694,140],{"class":83},[73,29696,29631],{"class":245},[73,29698,249],{"class":83},[20,29700,29701],{},[1194,29702,148],{},[64,29704,29706],{"className":66,"code":29705,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29707,29708,29718,29728],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,29709,29710,29713,29715],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,29711,29712],{"class":216},"Key",[73,29714,1063],{"class":83},[73,29716,29717],{"class":216}," pages\n",[73,29719,29720,29723,29725],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,29721,29722],{"class":216},"Value",[73,29724,1063],{"class":83},[73,29726,29727],{"class":116}," 200\n",[73,29729,29730,29733,29735,29737,29739,29741,29743,29745,29747,29749,29751],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,29731,29732],{"class":216},"Dictionary",[73,29734,1063],{"class":83},[73,29736,10997],{"class":83},[73,29738,343],{"class":93},[73,29740,15968],{"class":97},[73,29742,343],{"class":93},[73,29744,1063],{"class":83},[73,29746,337],{"class":93},[73,29748,15977],{"class":97},[73,29750,343],{"class":93},[73,29752,9814],{"class":83},[20,29754,29755],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[59,29757,29759],{"id":29758},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29761,29762,29763,28988,29765,653],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29764,13280],{},[1194,29766,28991],{},[20,29768,206],{},[64,29770,29772],{"className":66,"code":29771,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29773,29774,29818],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,29775,29776,29778,29780,29782,29784,29786,29788,29790,29792,29794,29796,29798,29800,29802,29804,29806,29808,29810,29812,29814,29816],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,29777,9672],{"class":216},[73,29779,221],{"class":220},[73,29781,10997],{"class":83},[73,29783,94],{"class":93},[73,29785,384],{"class":97},[73,29787,94],{"class":93},[73,29789,1063],{"class":83},[73,29791,2085],{"class":116},[73,29793,140],{"class":83},[73,29795,224],{"class":93},[73,29797,12256],{"class":97},[73,29799,94],{"class":93},[73,29801,1063],{"class":83},[73,29803,143],{"class":116},[73,29805,140],{"class":83},[73,29807,224],{"class":93},[73,29809,22588],{"class":97},[73,29811,94],{"class":93},[73,29813,1063],{"class":83},[73,29815,2982],{"class":116},[73,29817,9814],{"class":83},[73,29819,29820,29822,29824,29826,29828,29830],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,29821,80],{"class":79},[73,29823,84],{"class":83},[73,29825,9710],{"class":245},[73,29827,653],{"class":83},[73,29829,29057],{"class":245},[73,29831,7704],{"class":83},[20,29833,29834],{},[1194,29835,148],{},[64,29837,29839],{"className":66,"code":29838,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29840,29841],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,29842,29843,29845,29847,29849,29851,29853,29855],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,29844,84],{"class":83},[73,29846,343],{"class":93},[73,29848,22588],{"class":97},[73,29850,343],{"class":93},[73,29852,140],{"class":83},[73,29854,2982],{"class":116},[73,29856,249],{"class":83},[20,29858,29859],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29861,29862,29863,29865,29866,29868],{},"As a beginner, do ",[1194,29864,1196],{}," think of ",[15,29867,13280],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29870,29871,29872,2728,29876,17583,29880,653],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[646,29873,29874],{"href":17586},[15,29875,17589],{},[646,29877,29878],{"href":17573},[15,29879,17576],{},[646,29881,29882],{"href":17579},[15,29883,17582],{},[59,29885,29887,29888,1647,29890],{"id":29886},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29889,13280],{},[15,29891,13273],{},[20,29893,29894,1647,29896,29898],{},[15,29895,13280],{},[15,29897,13273],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[403,29900,29901],{"id":29057},[15,29902,13280],{},[33,29904,29905,29908,29911],{},[36,29906,29907],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[36,29909,29910],{},"does not need a key argument",[36,29912,4206,29913],{},[15,29914,22166],{},[403,29916,29917],{"id":26751},[15,29918,13273],{},[33,29920,29921,29924,29927],{},[36,29922,29923],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[36,29925,29926],{},"needs the key name",[36,29928,29929],{},"returns only the value",[20,29931,206],{},[64,29933,29935],{"className":66,"code":29934,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29936,29937,29981,29985,29999,30019,30023,30045,30064,30068],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,29938,29939,29941,29943,29945,29947,29949,29951,29953,29955,29957,29959,29961,29963,29965,29967,29969,29971,29973,29975,29977,29979],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,29940,9672],{"class":216},[73,29942,221],{"class":220},[73,29944,10997],{"class":83},[73,29946,94],{"class":93},[73,29948,646],{"class":97},[73,29950,94],{"class":93},[73,29952,1063],{"class":83},[73,29954,2085],{"class":116},[73,29956,140],{"class":83},[73,29958,224],{"class":93},[73,29960,5274],{"class":97},[73,29962,94],{"class":93},[73,29964,1063],{"class":83},[73,29966,143],{"class":116},[73,29968,140],{"class":83},[73,29970,224],{"class":93},[73,29972,10245],{"class":97},[73,29974,94],{"class":93},[73,29976,1063],{"class":83},[73,29978,2982],{"class":116},[73,29980,9814],{"class":83},[73,29982,29983],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,29984,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,29986,29987,29989,29991,29993,29995,29997],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,29988,29048],{"class":216},[73,29990,221],{"class":220},[73,29992,15076],{"class":216},[73,29994,653],{"class":83},[73,29996,29057],{"class":245},[73,29998,9151],{"class":83},[73,30000,30001,30003,30005,30007,30010,30012,30014,30017],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,30002,80],{"class":79},[73,30004,84],{"class":83},[73,30006,94],{"class":93},[73,30008,30009],{"class":97},"popitem():",[73,30011,94],{"class":93},[73,30013,140],{"class":83},[73,30015,30016],{"class":245}," item",[73,30018,249],{"class":83},[73,30020,30021],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,30022,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,30024,30025,30027,30029,30031,30033,30035,30037,30039,30041,30043],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,30026,2202],{"class":216},[73,30028,221],{"class":220},[73,30030,15076],{"class":216},[73,30032,653],{"class":83},[73,30034,26751],{"class":245},[73,30036,84],{"class":83},[73,30038,94],{"class":93},[73,30040,646],{"class":97},[73,30042,94],{"class":93},[73,30044,249],{"class":83},[73,30046,30047,30049,30051,30053,30056,30058,30060,30062],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,30048,80],{"class":79},[73,30050,84],{"class":83},[73,30052,94],{"class":93},[73,30054,30055],{"class":97},"pop('a'):",[73,30057,94],{"class":93},[73,30059,140],{"class":83},[73,30061,8942],{"class":245},[73,30063,249],{"class":83},[73,30065,30066],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,30067,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,30069,30070,30072,30074,30076],{"class":75,"line":6940},[73,30071,80],{"class":79},[73,30073,84],{"class":83},[73,30075,9710],{"class":245},[73,30077,249],{"class":83},[20,30079,30080],{},[1194,30081,148],{},[64,30083,30085],{"className":66,"code":30084,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,30086,30087,30108,30125],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,30088,30089,30091,30094,30096,30098,30100,30102,30104,30106],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,30090,29057],{"class":245},[73,30092,30093],{"class":83},"():",[73,30095,9742],{"class":83},[73,30097,343],{"class":93},[73,30099,10245],{"class":97},[73,30101,343],{"class":93},[73,30103,140],{"class":83},[73,30105,2982],{"class":116},[73,30107,249],{"class":83},[73,30109,30110,30112,30114,30116,30118,30120,30122],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,30111,26751],{"class":245},[73,30113,84],{"class":83},[73,30115,343],{"class":93},[73,30117,646],{"class":97},[73,30119,343],{"class":93},[73,30121,16962],{"class":83},[73,30123,30124],{"class":116}," 1\n",[73,30126,30127,30129,30131,30133,30135,30137,30139],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,30128,999],{"class":83},[73,30130,343],{"class":93},[73,30132,5274],{"class":97},[73,30134,343],{"class":93},[73,30136,1063],{"class":83},[73,30138,143],{"class":116},[73,30140,9814],{"class":83},[20,30142,171,30143,30147],{},[646,30144,30145],{"href":13078},[15,30146,13273],{}," when you know the key.",[20,30149,171,30150,30152],{},[15,30151,13280],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[59,30154,30156],{"id":30155},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,30158,30159,30160,30162],{},"Calling ",[15,30161,13280],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[64,30164,30166],{"className":66,"code":30165,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,30167,30168,30176],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,30169,30170,30172,30174],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,30171,9672],{"class":216},[73,30173,221],{"class":220},[73,30175,10344],{"class":83},[73,30177,30178,30180,30182,30184],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,30179,9710],{"class":216},[73,30181,653],{"class":83},[73,30183,29057],{"class":245},[73,30185,9151],{"class":83},[20,30187,30188],{},[1194,30189,30190],{},"Error:",[64,30192,30194],{"className":66,"code":30193,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,30195,30196],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,30197,30198,30200,30202,30204,30207],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,30199,20199],{"class":87},[73,30201,1063],{"class":83},[73,30203,337],{"class":93},[73,30205,30206],{"class":97},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[73,30208,1070],{"class":93},[403,30210,30212],{"id":30211},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[64,30214,30216],{"className":66,"code":30215,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,30217,30218,30226,30230,30238,30253,30263,30269],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,30219,30220,30222,30224],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,30221,9672],{"class":216},[73,30223,221],{"class":220},[73,30225,10344],{"class":83},[73,30227,30228],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,30229,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,30231,30232,30234,30236],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,30233,7507],{"class":933},[73,30235,15076],{"class":216},[73,30237,946],{"class":83},[73,30239,30240,30243,30245,30247,30249,30251],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,30241,30242],{"class":216},"    item ",[73,30244,221],{"class":220},[73,30246,15076],{"class":216},[73,30248,653],{"class":83},[73,30250,29057],{"class":245},[73,30252,9151],{"class":83},[73,30254,30255,30257,30259,30261],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,30256,1676],{"class":79},[73,30258,84],{"class":83},[73,30260,23820],{"class":245},[73,30262,249],{"class":83},[73,30264,30265,30267],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,30266,27944],{"class":933},[73,30268,946],{"class":83},[73,30270,30271,30273,30275,30277,30280,30282],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,30272,1676],{"class":79},[73,30274,84],{"class":83},[73,30276,94],{"class":93},[73,30278,30279],{"class":97},"Dictionary is empty",[73,30281,94],{"class":93},[73,30283,249],{"class":83},[403,30285,30287,30288],{"id":30286},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,30289,30290],{},"try-except",[64,30292,30294],{"className":66,"code":30293,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,30295,30296,30304,30308,30314,30328,30338,30347],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,30297,30298,30300,30302],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,30299,9672],{"class":216},[73,30301,221],{"class":220},[73,30303,10344],{"class":83},[73,30305,30306],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,30307,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,30309,30310,30312],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,30311,1669],{"class":933},[73,30313,946],{"class":83},[73,30315,30316,30318,30320,30322,30324,30326],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,30317,30242],{"class":216},[73,30319,221],{"class":220},[73,30321,15076],{"class":216},[73,30323,653],{"class":83},[73,30325,29057],{"class":245},[73,30327,9151],{"class":83},[73,30329,30330,30332,30334,30336],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,30331,1676],{"class":79},[73,30333,84],{"class":83},[73,30335,23820],{"class":245},[73,30337,249],{"class":83},[73,30339,30340,30342,30345],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,30341,1695],{"class":933},[73,30343,30344],{"class":87}," KeyError",[73,30346,946],{"class":83},[73,30348,30349,30351,30353,30355,30358,30360],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,30350,1676],{"class":79},[73,30352,84],{"class":83},[73,30354,94],{"class":93},[73,30356,30357],{"class":97},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[73,30359,94],{"class":93},[73,30361,249],{"class":83},[20,30363,30364,30365,653],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[646,30366,1805,30368],{"href":30367},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,30369,30370],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[59,30372,1999,30374],{"id":30373},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,30375,13280],{},[20,30377,30378,30380],{},[15,30379,13280],{}," is useful when:",[33,30382,30383,30386,30389],{},[36,30384,30385],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[36,30387,30388],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[36,30390,30391],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,30393,30394],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[64,30396,30398],{"className":66,"code":30397,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,30399,30400,30409,30429,30449,30467,30471,30475,30485,30504],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,30401,30402,30405,30407],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,30403,30404],{"class":216},"tasks ",[73,30406,221],{"class":220},[73,30408,12003],{"class":83},[73,30410,30411,30413,30416,30418,30420,30422,30425,30427],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,30412,12008],{"class":93},[73,30414,30415],{"class":97},"first",[73,30417,94],{"class":93},[73,30419,1063],{"class":83},[73,30421,224],{"class":93},[73,30423,30424],{"class":97},"wash dishes",[73,30426,94],{"class":93},[73,30428,12024],{"class":83},[73,30430,30431,30433,30436,30438,30440,30442,30445,30447],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,30432,12008],{"class":93},[73,30434,30435],{"class":97},"second",[73,30437,94],{"class":93},[73,30439,1063],{"class":83},[73,30441,224],{"class":93},[73,30443,30444],{"class":97},"do homework",[73,30446,94],{"class":93},[73,30448,12024],{"class":83},[73,30450,30451,30453,30456,30458,30460,30462,30465],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,30452,12008],{"class":93},[73,30454,30455],{"class":97},"third",[73,30457,94],{"class":93},[73,30459,1063],{"class":83},[73,30461,224],{"class":93},[73,30463,30464],{"class":97},"read book",[73,30466,230],{"class":93},[73,30468,30469],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,30470,9814],{"class":83},[73,30472,30473],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,30474,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,30476,30477,30480,30483],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,30478,30479],{"class":933},"while",[73,30481,30482],{"class":216}," tasks",[73,30484,946],{"class":83},[73,30486,30487,30490,30492,30494,30496,30498,30500,30502],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,30488,30489],{"class":216},"    key",[73,30491,140],{"class":83},[73,30493,937],{"class":216},[73,30495,221],{"class":220},[73,30497,30482],{"class":216},[73,30499,653],{"class":83},[73,30501,29057],{"class":245},[73,30503,9151],{"class":83},[73,30505,30506,30508,30510,30512,30514,30516,30518,30520,30522,30524,30526,30528,30530],{"class":75,"line":6940},[73,30507,1676],{"class":79},[73,30509,84],{"class":83},[73,30511,994],{"class":333},[73,30513,94],{"class":97},[73,30515,999],{"class":116},[73,30517,15350],{"class":245},[73,30519,1007],{"class":116},[73,30521,22815],{"class":97},[73,30523,999],{"class":116},[73,30525,967],{"class":245},[73,30527,1007],{"class":116},[73,30529,94],{"class":97},[73,30531,249],{"class":83},[20,30533,30534],{},[1194,30535,30536],{},"Possible output:",[64,30538,30540],{"className":66,"code":30539,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,30541,30542,30551,30560],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,30543,30544,30546,30548],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,30545,30455],{"class":216},[73,30547,1063],{"class":83},[73,30549,30550],{"class":216}," read book\n",[73,30552,30553,30555,30557],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,30554,30435],{"class":216},[73,30556,1063],{"class":83},[73,30558,30559],{"class":216}," do homework\n",[73,30561,30562,30564,30566],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,30563,30415],{"class":216},[73,30565,1063],{"class":83},[73,30567,30568],{"class":216}," wash dishes\n",[20,30570,2374,30571,30573],{},[15,30572,13280],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[59,30575,2102],{"id":2101},[20,30577,2105,30578,1063],{},[15,30579,13280],{},[33,30581,30582,30596,30615,30626],{},[36,30583,30584,30589],{},[1194,30585,30159,30586,30588],{},[15,30587,13280],{}," on an empty dictionary",[33,30590,30591],{},[36,30592,30593,30594,653],{},"This raises ",[15,30595,20199],{},[36,30597,30598,30603],{},[1194,30599,2300,30600,30602],{},[15,30601,13280],{}," to remove a specific key",[33,30604,30605,30608],{},[36,30606,30607],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[36,30609,171,30610,30614],{},[646,30611,30612],{"href":13078},[15,30613,13273],{}," if you need that.",[36,30616,30617,30621],{},[1194,30618,5217,30619,28210],{},[15,30620,13280],{},[33,30622,30623],{},[36,30624,30625],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[36,30627,30628,30631],{},[1194,30629,30630],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[33,30632,30633],{},[36,30634,30635,22486,30637,30639],{},[15,30636,13280],{},[15,30638,22166],{}," tuple.",[20,30641,30642],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[64,30644,30646],{"className":66,"code":30645,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30647,30648,30658,30672,30676,30690],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,30649,30650,30652,30654,30656],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,30651,80],{"class":79},[73,30653,84],{"class":83},[73,30655,11959],{"class":245},[73,30657,249],{"class":83},[73,30659,30660,30662,30664,30666,30668,30670],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,30661,80],{"class":79},[73,30663,84],{"class":83},[73,30665,11670],{"class":79},[73,30667,84],{"class":83},[73,30669,11959],{"class":245},[73,30671,102],{"class":83},[73,30673,30674],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,30675,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,30677,30678,30680,30682,30684,30686,30688],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,30679,29048],{"class":216},[73,30681,221],{"class":220},[73,30683,12277],{"class":216},[73,30685,653],{"class":83},[73,30687,29057],{"class":245},[73,30689,9151],{"class":83},[73,30691,30692,30694,30696,30698],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,30693,80],{"class":79},[73,30695,84],{"class":83},[73,30697,23820],{"class":245},[73,30699,249],{"class":83},[20,30701,30702],{},"Or with unpacking:",[64,30704,30706],{"className":66,"code":30705,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30707,30708,30726,30736],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,30709,30710,30712,30714,30716,30718,30720,30722,30724],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,30711,15350],{"class":216},[73,30713,140],{"class":83},[73,30715,937],{"class":216},[73,30717,221],{"class":220},[73,30719,12277],{"class":216},[73,30721,653],{"class":83},[73,30723,29057],{"class":245},[73,30725,9151],{"class":83},[73,30727,30728,30730,30732,30734],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,30729,80],{"class":79},[73,30731,84],{"class":83},[73,30733,15350],{"class":245},[73,30735,249],{"class":83},[73,30737,30738,30740,30742,30744],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,30739,80],{"class":79},[73,30741,84],{"class":83},[73,30743,967],{"class":245},[73,30745,249],{"class":83},[59,30747,2350],{"id":2349},[403,30749,2387,30751,5658],{"id":30750},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30752,13280],{},[20,30754,30755,30756,653],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30757,30758],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[403,30760,2354,30762,30764],{"id":30761},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30763,13280],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30766,30767],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[403,30769,30771,30772,30774],{"id":30770},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30773,13280],{}," removes?",[20,30776,30777,30778,30782],{},"No. Use ",[646,30779,30780],{"href":13078},[15,30781,13273],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[403,30784,2354,30786,15405],{"id":30785},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30787,13280],{},[20,30789,30790],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[403,30792,30794,30795,30797],{"id":30793},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30796,13280],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30799,30800,30801,30803,30804,653],{},"It raises ",[15,30802,20199],{}," with the message ",[15,30805,30206],{},[59,30807,2413],{"id":2412},[33,30809,30810,30817,30823,30829,30835,30842,30846,30850],{},[36,30811,30812],{},[646,30813,30814,30816],{"href":13078},[15,30815,13273],{}," method for dictionaries",[36,30818,30819],{},[646,30820,30821,30816],{"href":17586},[15,30822,17589],{},[36,30824,30825],{},[646,30826,30827,30816],{"href":17573},[15,30828,17576],{},[36,30830,30831],{},[646,30832,30833,30816],{"href":17579},[15,30834,17582],{},[36,30836,30837],{},[646,30838,30840,30816],{"href":30839},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30841,11830],{},[36,30843,30844],{},[646,30845,13297],{"href":13085},[36,30847,30848],{},[646,30849,21970],{"href":17107},[36,30851,30852],{},[646,30853,2455,30854],{"href":30367},[15,30855,30370],{},[2459,30857,30858],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":30860},[30861,30862,30864,30865,30866,30867,30868,30869,30874,30879,30881,30882,30894],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":29144,"depth":105,"text":30863},"What popitem() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":29214,"depth":105,"text":29215},{"id":11984,"depth":105,"text":11985},{"id":29567,"depth":105,"text":29568},{"id":29758,"depth":105,"text":29759},{"id":29886,"depth":105,"text":30870,"children":30871},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30872,30873],{"id":29057,"depth":122,"text":13280},{"id":26751,"depth":122,"text":13273},{"id":30155,"depth":105,"text":30156,"children":30875},[30876,30877],{"id":30211,"depth":122,"text":30212},{"id":30286,"depth":122,"text":30878},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":30373,"depth":105,"text":30880},"When to use popitem()",{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":30883},[30884,30886,30888,30890,30892],{"id":30750,"depth":122,"text":30885},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30761,"depth":122,"text":30887},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30770,"depth":122,"text":30889},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30785,"depth":122,"text":30891},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30793,"depth":122,"text":30893},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28883,"description":30895},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30902,"title":30903,"body":30904,"description":32807,"extension":2511,"meta":32808,"navigation":254,"path":14543,"seo":32809,"stem":32810,"__hash__":32811},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30905,"toc":32779},[30906,30911,30916,30919,30921,31018,31023,31028,31033,31036,31044,31047,31062,31064,31164,31166,31223,31227,31229,31232,31252,31257,31268,31271,31298,31301,31303,31360,31362,31383,31389,31394,31397,31408,31410,31518,31520,31573,31575,31587,31594,31600,31605,31608,31696,31698,31743,31746,31754,31757,31760,31829,31832,31835,31839,31842,31913,31915,31968,31971,31974,31977,31992,31995,32007,32010,32073,32075,32081,32083,32085,32164,32166,32207,32209,32274,32276,32313,32318,32323,32327,32341,32344,32467,32469,32554,32559,32561,32565,32587,32590,32670,32673,32692,32697,32699,32705,32710,32716,32719,32725,32728,32734,32739,32745,32751,32753,32776],[10,30907,11827,30909,11831],{"id":30908},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30910,15463],{},[20,30912,1580,30913,30915],{},[15,30914,15463],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30917,30918],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[59,30920,62],{"id":61},[64,30922,30924],{"className":66,"code":30923,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30925,30926,30962,31003,31013],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,30927,30928,30930,30932,30934,30936,30938,30940,30942,30944,30946,30948,30950,30952,30954,30956,30958,30960],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,30929,13715],{"class":216},[73,30931,221],{"class":220},[73,30933,10997],{"class":83},[73,30935,94],{"class":93},[73,30937,8177],{"class":97},[73,30939,94],{"class":93},[73,30941,1063],{"class":83},[73,30943,224],{"class":93},[73,30945,13391],{"class":97},[73,30947,94],{"class":93},[73,30949,140],{"class":83},[73,30951,224],{"class":93},[73,30953,9804],{"class":97},[73,30955,94],{"class":93},[73,30957,1063],{"class":83},[73,30959,8300],{"class":116},[73,30961,9814],{"class":83},[73,30963,30964,30966,30968,30971,30973,30975,30977,30979,30981,30984,30986,30988,30990,30992,30994,30996,30998,31000],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,30965,17818],{"class":216},[73,30967,653],{"class":83},[73,30969,30970],{"class":245},"update",[73,30972,6042],{"class":83},[73,30974,94],{"class":93},[73,30976,9804],{"class":97},[73,30978,94],{"class":93},[73,30980,1063],{"class":83},[73,30982,30983],{"class":116}," 21",[73,30985,140],{"class":83},[73,30987,224],{"class":93},[73,30989,10915],{"class":97},[73,30991,94],{"class":93},[73,30993,1063],{"class":83},[73,30995,224],{"class":93},[73,30997,16541],{"class":97},[73,30999,94],{"class":93},[73,31001,31002],{"class":83},"})\n",[73,31004,31005,31007,31009,31011],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,31006,80],{"class":79},[73,31008,84],{"class":83},[73,31010,17818],{"class":245},[73,31012,249],{"class":83},[73,31014,31015],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,31016,31017],{"class":769},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,31019,171,31020,31022],{},[15,31021,15463],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[59,31024,178,31026,181],{"id":31025},"what-update-does",[15,31027,15463],{},[20,31029,31030,31032],{},[15,31031,15463],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,31034,31035],{},"It can do two main things:",[33,31037,31038,31041],{},[36,31039,31040],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[36,31042,31043],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,31045,31046],{},"Important things to know:",[33,31048,31049,31052,31055,31059],{},[36,31050,31051],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[36,31053,31054],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[36,31056,2394,31057],{},[15,31058,1842],{},[36,31060,31061],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,31063,206],{},[64,31065,31067],{"className":66,"code":31066,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,31068,31069,31111,31154],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,31070,31071,31073,31075,31077,31079,31081,31083,31085,31087,31090,31092,31094,31096,31098,31100,31102,31104,31107,31109],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,31072,13374],{"class":216},[73,31074,221],{"class":220},[73,31076,10997],{"class":83},[73,31078,94],{"class":93},[73,31080,8177],{"class":97},[73,31082,94],{"class":93},[73,31084,1063],{"class":83},[73,31086,224],{"class":93},[73,31088,31089],{"class":97},"Mira",[73,31091,94],{"class":93},[73,31093,140],{"class":83},[73,31095,224],{"class":93},[73,31097,20403],{"class":97},[73,31099,94],{"class":93},[73,31101,1063],{"class":83},[73,31103,224],{"class":93},[73,31105,31106],{"class":97},"B",[73,31108,94],{"class":93},[73,31110,9814],{"class":83},[73,31112,31113,31115,31117,31119,31121,31123,31125,31127,31129,31131,31133,31135,31137,31139,31141,31143,31145,31147,31150,31152],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,31114,14137],{"class":216},[73,31116,653],{"class":83},[73,31118,30970],{"class":245},[73,31120,6042],{"class":83},[73,31122,94],{"class":93},[73,31124,20403],{"class":97},[73,31126,94],{"class":93},[73,31128,1063],{"class":83},[73,31130,224],{"class":93},[73,31132,22756],{"class":97},[73,31134,94],{"class":93},[73,31136,140],{"class":83},[73,31138,224],{"class":93},[73,31140,10915],{"class":97},[73,31142,94],{"class":93},[73,31144,1063],{"class":83},[73,31146,224],{"class":93},[73,31148,31149],{"class":97},"Quito",[73,31151,94],{"class":93},[73,31153,31002],{"class":83},[73,31155,31156,31158,31160,31162],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,31157,80],{"class":79},[73,31159,84],{"class":83},[73,31161,14137],{"class":245},[73,31163,249],{"class":83},[20,31165,148],{},[64,31167,31169],{"className":66,"code":31168,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,31170,31171],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,31172,31173,31175,31177,31179,31181,31183,31185,31187,31189,31191,31193,31195,31197,31199,31201,31203,31205,31207,31209,31211,31213,31215,31217,31219,31221],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,31174,999],{"class":83},[73,31176,343],{"class":93},[73,31178,8177],{"class":97},[73,31180,343],{"class":93},[73,31182,1063],{"class":83},[73,31184,337],{"class":93},[73,31186,31089],{"class":97},[73,31188,343],{"class":93},[73,31190,140],{"class":83},[73,31192,337],{"class":93},[73,31194,20403],{"class":97},[73,31196,343],{"class":93},[73,31198,1063],{"class":83},[73,31200,337],{"class":93},[73,31202,22756],{"class":97},[73,31204,343],{"class":93},[73,31206,140],{"class":83},[73,31208,337],{"class":93},[73,31210,10915],{"class":97},[73,31212,343],{"class":93},[73,31214,1063],{"class":83},[73,31216,337],{"class":93},[73,31218,31149],{"class":97},[73,31220,343],{"class":93},[73,31222,9814],{"class":83},[20,31224,9658,31225,653],{},[646,31226,25138],{"href":9896},[59,31228,370],{"id":369},[20,31230,31231],{},"The basic form is:",[64,31233,31235],{"className":66,"code":31234,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,31236,31237],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,31238,31239,31241,31243,31245,31247,31250],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,31240,16114],{"class":216},[73,31242,653],{"class":83},[73,31244,30970],{"class":245},[73,31246,84],{"class":83},[73,31248,31249],{"class":245},"other",[73,31251,249],{"class":83},[20,31253,31254,31256],{},[15,31255,31249],{}," can be:",[33,31258,31259,31262,31265],{},[36,31260,31261],{},"Another dictionary",[36,31263,31264],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[36,31266,31267],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,31269,31270],{},"You can also use:",[64,31272,31274],{"className":66,"code":31273,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,31275,31276],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,31277,31278,31280,31282,31284,31286,31288,31290,31292,31294,31296],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,31279,16114],{"class":216},[73,31281,653],{"class":83},[73,31283,30970],{"class":245},[73,31285,84],{"class":83},[73,31287,8177],{"class":9682},[73,31289,221],{"class":220},[73,31291,94],{"class":93},[73,31293,8186],{"class":97},[73,31295,94],{"class":93},[73,31297,249],{"class":83},[20,31299,31300],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,31302,206],{},[64,31304,31306],{"className":66,"code":31305,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,31307,31308,31328,31350],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,31309,31310,31312,31314,31316,31318,31320,31322,31324,31326],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,31311,9672],{"class":216},[73,31313,221],{"class":220},[73,31315,10997],{"class":83},[73,31317,94],{"class":93},[73,31319,646],{"class":97},[73,31321,94],{"class":93},[73,31323,1063],{"class":83},[73,31325,2085],{"class":116},[73,31327,9814],{"class":83},[73,31329,31330,31332,31334,31336,31338,31340,31342,31344,31346,31348],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,31331,9710],{"class":216},[73,31333,653],{"class":83},[73,31335,30970],{"class":245},[73,31337,6042],{"class":83},[73,31339,94],{"class":93},[73,31341,646],{"class":97},[73,31343,94],{"class":93},[73,31345,1063],{"class":83},[73,31347,6516],{"class":116},[73,31349,31002],{"class":83},[73,31351,31352,31354,31356,31358],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,31353,80],{"class":79},[73,31355,84],{"class":83},[73,31357,9710],{"class":245},[73,31359,249],{"class":83},[20,31361,148],{},[64,31363,31365],{"className":66,"code":31364,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,31366,31367],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,31368,31369,31371,31373,31375,31377,31379,31381],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,31370,999],{"class":83},[73,31372,343],{"class":93},[73,31374,646],{"class":97},[73,31376,343],{"class":93},[73,31378,1063],{"class":83},[73,31380,6516],{"class":116},[73,31382,9814],{"class":83},[59,31384,657,31386,31388],{"id":31385},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,31387,15463],{}," with another dictionary",[20,31390,31391,31392,653],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,31393,15463],{},[20,31395,31396],{},"It is useful when:",[33,31398,31399,31402,31405],{},[36,31400,31401],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[36,31403,31404],{},"Adding extra settings",[36,31406,31407],{},"Updating stored data",[20,31409,206],{},[64,31411,31413],{"className":66,"code":31412,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,31414,31415,31452,31489,31493,31508],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,31416,31417,31419,31421,31423,31425,31427,31429,31431,31433,31435,31437,31439,31441,31443,31445,31447,31450],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,31418,14337],{"class":216},[73,31420,221],{"class":220},[73,31422,10997],{"class":83},[73,31424,94],{"class":93},[73,31426,13006],{"class":97},[73,31428,94],{"class":93},[73,31430,1063],{"class":83},[73,31432,224],{"class":93},[73,31434,21440],{"class":97},[73,31436,94],{"class":93},[73,31438,140],{"class":83},[73,31440,224],{"class":93},[73,31442,14362],{"class":97},[73,31444,94],{"class":93},[73,31446,1063],{"class":83},[73,31448,31449],{"class":116}," 12",[73,31451,9814],{"class":83},[73,31453,31454,31457,31459,31461,31463,31465,31467,31469,31471,31473,31475,31477,31479,31481,31483,31485,31487],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,31455,31456],{"class":216},"new_settings ",[73,31458,221],{"class":220},[73,31460,10997],{"class":83},[73,31462,94],{"class":93},[73,31464,14362],{"class":97},[73,31466,94],{"class":93},[73,31468,1063],{"class":83},[73,31470,14369],{"class":116},[73,31472,140],{"class":83},[73,31474,224],{"class":93},[73,31476,20635],{"class":97},[73,31478,94],{"class":93},[73,31480,1063],{"class":83},[73,31482,224],{"class":93},[73,31484,20669],{"class":97},[73,31486,94],{"class":93},[73,31488,9814],{"class":83},[73,31490,31491],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,31492,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,31494,31495,31497,31499,31501,31503,31506],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,31496,14396],{"class":216},[73,31498,653],{"class":83},[73,31500,30970],{"class":245},[73,31502,84],{"class":83},[73,31504,31505],{"class":245},"new_settings",[73,31507,249],{"class":83},[73,31509,31510,31512,31514,31516],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,31511,80],{"class":79},[73,31513,84],{"class":83},[73,31515,14396],{"class":245},[73,31517,249],{"class":83},[20,31519,148],{},[64,31521,31523],{"className":66,"code":31522,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,31524,31525],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,31526,31527,31529,31531,31533,31535,31537,31539,31541,31543,31545,31547,31549,31551,31553,31555,31557,31559,31561,31563,31565,31567,31569,31571],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,31528,999],{"class":83},[73,31530,343],{"class":93},[73,31532,13006],{"class":97},[73,31534,343],{"class":93},[73,31536,1063],{"class":83},[73,31538,337],{"class":93},[73,31540,21440],{"class":97},[73,31542,343],{"class":93},[73,31544,140],{"class":83},[73,31546,337],{"class":93},[73,31548,14362],{"class":97},[73,31550,343],{"class":93},[73,31552,1063],{"class":83},[73,31554,14369],{"class":116},[73,31556,140],{"class":83},[73,31558,337],{"class":93},[73,31560,20635],{"class":97},[73,31562,343],{"class":93},[73,31564,1063],{"class":83},[73,31566,337],{"class":93},[73,31568,20669],{"class":97},[73,31570,343],{"class":93},[73,31572,9814],{"class":83},[20,31574,13920],{},[33,31576,31577,31582],{},[36,31578,31579,31581],{},[15,31580,14362],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[36,31583,31584,31586],{},[15,31585,20635],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,31588,31589,31590,653],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[646,31591,31593],{"href":31592},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[59,31595,657,31597,31599],{"id":31596},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31598,15463],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31601,31602,31604],{},[15,31603,15463],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31606,31607],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[64,31609,31611],{"className":66,"code":31610,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31612,31613,31633,31668,31672,31686],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,31614,31615,31617,31619,31621,31623,31625,31627,31629,31631],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,31616,5577],{"class":216},[73,31618,221],{"class":220},[73,31620,10997],{"class":83},[73,31622,94],{"class":93},[73,31624,18929],{"class":97},[73,31626,94],{"class":93},[73,31628,1063],{"class":83},[73,31630,20410],{"class":116},[73,31632,9814],{"class":83},[73,31634,31635,31637,31639,31641,31643,31645,31647,31649,31651,31653,31655,31657,31660,31662,31664,31666],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,31636,9721],{"class":216},[73,31638,221],{"class":220},[73,31640,9726],{"class":83},[73,31642,94],{"class":93},[73,31644,18938],{"class":97},[73,31646,94],{"class":93},[73,31648,140],{"class":83},[73,31650,14018],{"class":116},[73,31652,9739],{"class":83},[73,31654,9742],{"class":83},[73,31656,94],{"class":93},[73,31658,31659],{"class":97},"english",[73,31661,94],{"class":93},[73,31663,140],{"class":83},[73,31665,29430],{"class":116},[73,31667,9755],{"class":83},[73,31669,31670],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,31671,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,31673,31674,31676,31678,31680,31682,31684],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,31675,16899],{"class":216},[73,31677,653],{"class":83},[73,31679,30970],{"class":245},[73,31681,84],{"class":83},[73,31683,9768],{"class":245},[73,31685,249],{"class":83},[73,31687,31688,31690,31692,31694],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,31689,80],{"class":79},[73,31691,84],{"class":83},[73,31693,16899],{"class":245},[73,31695,249],{"class":83},[20,31697,148],{},[64,31699,31701],{"className":66,"code":31700,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31702,31703],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,31704,31705,31707,31709,31711,31713,31715,31717,31719,31721,31723,31725,31727,31729,31731,31733,31735,31737,31739,31741],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,31706,999],{"class":83},[73,31708,343],{"class":93},[73,31710,18929],{"class":97},[73,31712,343],{"class":93},[73,31714,1063],{"class":83},[73,31716,20410],{"class":116},[73,31718,140],{"class":83},[73,31720,337],{"class":93},[73,31722,18938],{"class":97},[73,31724,343],{"class":93},[73,31726,1063],{"class":83},[73,31728,14018],{"class":116},[73,31730,140],{"class":83},[73,31732,337],{"class":93},[73,31734,31659],{"class":97},[73,31736,343],{"class":93},[73,31738,1063],{"class":83},[73,31740,29430],{"class":116},[73,31742,9814],{"class":83},[20,31744,31745],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[33,31747,31748,31751],{},[36,31749,31750],{},"The key",[36,31752,31753],{},"The value",[20,31755,31756],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31758,31759],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[64,31761,31763],{"className":66,"code":31762,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31764,31765,31785,31810,31814],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,31766,31767,31769,31771,31773,31775,31777,31779,31781,31783],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,31768,9672],{"class":216},[73,31770,221],{"class":220},[73,31772,10997],{"class":83},[73,31774,94],{"class":93},[73,31776,646],{"class":97},[73,31778,94],{"class":93},[73,31780,1063],{"class":83},[73,31782,2085],{"class":116},[73,31784,9814],{"class":83},[73,31786,31787,31790,31792,31794,31796,31798,31800,31802,31804,31806,31808],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,31788,31789],{"class":216},"bad_pairs ",[73,31791,221],{"class":220},[73,31793,9726],{"class":83},[73,31795,94],{"class":93},[73,31797,5274],{"class":97},[73,31799,94],{"class":93},[73,31801,140],{"class":83},[73,31803,143],{"class":116},[73,31805,140],{"class":83},[73,31807,2982],{"class":116},[73,31809,9755],{"class":83},[73,31811,31812],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,31813,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,31815,31816,31818,31820,31822,31824,31827],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,31817,9710],{"class":216},[73,31819,653],{"class":83},[73,31821,30970],{"class":245},[73,31823,84],{"class":83},[73,31825,31826],{"class":245},"bad_pairs",[73,31828,249],{"class":83},[20,31830,31831],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31833,31834],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[59,31836,31838],{"id":31837},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31840,31841],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[64,31843,31845],{"className":66,"code":31844,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31846,31847,31871,31903],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,31848,31849,31851,31853,31855,31857,31859,31861,31863,31865,31867,31869],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,31850,11998],{"class":216},[73,31852,221],{"class":220},[73,31854,10997],{"class":83},[73,31856,94],{"class":93},[73,31858,8177],{"class":97},[73,31860,94],{"class":93},[73,31862,1063],{"class":83},[73,31864,224],{"class":93},[73,31866,29423],{"class":97},[73,31868,94],{"class":93},[73,31870,9814],{"class":83},[73,31872,31873,31875,31877,31879,31881,31883,31885,31887,31889,31892,31894,31896,31899,31901],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,31874,12092],{"class":216},[73,31876,653],{"class":83},[73,31878,30970],{"class":245},[73,31880,84],{"class":83},[73,31882,9804],{"class":9682},[73,31884,221],{"class":220},[73,31886,227],{"class":116},[73,31888,140],{"class":83},[73,31890,31891],{"class":9682}," city",[73,31893,221],{"class":220},[73,31895,94],{"class":93},[73,31897,31898],{"class":97},"Madrid",[73,31900,94],{"class":93},[73,31902,249],{"class":83},[73,31904,31905,31907,31909,31911],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,31906,80],{"class":79},[73,31908,84],{"class":83},[73,31910,12092],{"class":245},[73,31912,249],{"class":83},[20,31914,148],{},[64,31916,31918],{"className":66,"code":31917,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31919,31920],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,31921,31922,31924,31926,31928,31930,31932,31934,31936,31938,31940,31942,31944,31946,31948,31950,31952,31954,31956,31958,31960,31962,31964,31966],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,31923,999],{"class":83},[73,31925,343],{"class":93},[73,31927,8177],{"class":97},[73,31929,343],{"class":93},[73,31931,1063],{"class":83},[73,31933,337],{"class":93},[73,31935,29423],{"class":97},[73,31937,343],{"class":93},[73,31939,140],{"class":83},[73,31941,337],{"class":93},[73,31943,9804],{"class":97},[73,31945,343],{"class":93},[73,31947,1063],{"class":83},[73,31949,9811],{"class":116},[73,31951,140],{"class":83},[73,31953,337],{"class":93},[73,31955,10915],{"class":97},[73,31957,343],{"class":93},[73,31959,1063],{"class":83},[73,31961,337],{"class":93},[73,31963,31898],{"class":97},[73,31965,343],{"class":93},[73,31967,9814],{"class":83},[20,31969,31970],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31972,31973],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31975,31976],{},"These work:",[33,31978,31979,31983,31987],{},[36,31980,31981],{},[15,31982,9804],{},[36,31984,31985],{},[15,31986,10915],{},[36,31988,31989],{},[15,31990,31991],{},"first_name",[20,31993,31994],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[33,31996,31997,32002],{},[36,31998,31999],{},[15,32000,32001],{},"\"first name\"",[36,32003,32004],{},[15,32005,32006],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,32008,32009],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[64,32011,32013],{"className":66,"code":32012,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,32014,32015,32023,32063],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,32016,32017,32019,32021],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,32018,11998],{"class":216},[73,32020,221],{"class":220},[73,32022,10344],{"class":83},[73,32024,32025,32027,32029,32031,32033,32035,32037,32039,32041,32043,32045,32047,32049,32051,32054,32056,32058,32061],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,32026,12092],{"class":216},[73,32028,653],{"class":83},[73,32030,30970],{"class":245},[73,32032,6042],{"class":83},[73,32034,94],{"class":93},[73,32036,11019],{"class":97},[73,32038,94],{"class":93},[73,32040,1063],{"class":83},[73,32042,224],{"class":93},[73,32044,29423],{"class":97},[73,32046,94],{"class":93},[73,32048,140],{"class":83},[73,32050,224],{"class":93},[73,32052,32053],{"class":97},"user-id",[73,32055,94],{"class":93},[73,32057,1063],{"class":83},[73,32059,32060],{"class":116}," 1001",[73,32062,31002],{"class":83},[73,32064,32065,32067,32069,32071],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,32066,80],{"class":79},[73,32068,84],{"class":83},[73,32070,12092],{"class":245},[73,32072,249],{"class":83},[59,32074,17930],{"id":17929},[20,32076,32077,2928,32079,653],{},[15,32078,15463],{},[15,32080,1842],{},[20,32082,14559],{},[20,32084,25218],{},[64,32086,32088],{"className":66,"code":32087,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,32089,32090,32114,32140,32144,32154],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,32091,32092,32094,32096,32098,32100,32102,32104,32106,32108,32110,32112],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,32093,13715],{"class":216},[73,32095,221],{"class":220},[73,32097,10997],{"class":83},[73,32099,94],{"class":93},[73,32101,8177],{"class":97},[73,32103,94],{"class":93},[73,32105,1063],{"class":83},[73,32107,224],{"class":93},[73,32109,13391],{"class":97},[73,32111,94],{"class":93},[73,32113,9814],{"class":83},[73,32115,32116,32118,32120,32122,32124,32126,32128,32130,32132,32134,32136,32138],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,32117,2766],{"class":216},[73,32119,221],{"class":220},[73,32121,13758],{"class":216},[73,32123,653],{"class":83},[73,32125,30970],{"class":245},[73,32127,6042],{"class":83},[73,32129,94],{"class":93},[73,32131,9804],{"class":97},[73,32133,94],{"class":93},[73,32135,1063],{"class":83},[73,32137,8300],{"class":116},[73,32139,31002],{"class":83},[73,32141,32142],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,32143,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,32145,32146,32148,32150,32152],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,32147,80],{"class":79},[73,32149,84],{"class":83},[73,32151,2800],{"class":245},[73,32153,249],{"class":83},[73,32155,32156,32158,32160,32162],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,32157,80],{"class":79},[73,32159,84],{"class":83},[73,32161,17818],{"class":245},[73,32163,249],{"class":83},[20,32165,148],{},[64,32167,32169],{"className":66,"code":32168,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,32170,32171,32175],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,32172,32173],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,32174,12319],{"class":484},[73,32176,32177,32179,32181,32183,32185,32187,32189,32191,32193,32195,32197,32199,32201,32203,32205],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,32178,999],{"class":83},[73,32180,343],{"class":93},[73,32182,8177],{"class":97},[73,32184,343],{"class":93},[73,32186,1063],{"class":83},[73,32188,337],{"class":93},[73,32190,13391],{"class":97},[73,32192,343],{"class":93},[73,32194,140],{"class":83},[73,32196,337],{"class":93},[73,32198,9804],{"class":97},[73,32200,343],{"class":93},[73,32202,1063],{"class":83},[73,32204,8300],{"class":116},[73,32206,9814],{"class":83},[20,32208,17166],{},[64,32210,32212],{"className":66,"code":32211,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,32213,32214,32238,32260,32264],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,32215,32216,32218,32220,32222,32224,32226,32228,32230,32232,32234,32236],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,32217,13715],{"class":216},[73,32219,221],{"class":220},[73,32221,10997],{"class":83},[73,32223,94],{"class":93},[73,32225,8177],{"class":97},[73,32227,94],{"class":93},[73,32229,1063],{"class":83},[73,32231,224],{"class":93},[73,32233,13391],{"class":97},[73,32235,94],{"class":93},[73,32237,9814],{"class":83},[73,32239,32240,32242,32244,32246,32248,32250,32252,32254,32256,32258],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,32241,17818],{"class":216},[73,32243,653],{"class":83},[73,32245,30970],{"class":245},[73,32247,6042],{"class":83},[73,32249,94],{"class":93},[73,32251,9804],{"class":97},[73,32253,94],{"class":93},[73,32255,1063],{"class":83},[73,32257,8300],{"class":116},[73,32259,31002],{"class":83},[73,32261,32262],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,32263,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,32265,32266,32268,32270,32272],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,32267,80],{"class":79},[73,32269,84],{"class":83},[73,32271,17818],{"class":245},[73,32273,249],{"class":83},[20,32275,148],{},[64,32277,32279],{"className":66,"code":32278,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,32280,32281],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,32282,32283,32285,32287,32289,32291,32293,32295,32297,32299,32301,32303,32305,32307,32309,32311],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,32284,999],{"class":83},[73,32286,343],{"class":93},[73,32288,8177],{"class":97},[73,32290,343],{"class":93},[73,32292,1063],{"class":83},[73,32294,337],{"class":93},[73,32296,13391],{"class":97},[73,32298,343],{"class":93},[73,32300,140],{"class":83},[73,32302,337],{"class":93},[73,32304,9804],{"class":97},[73,32306,343],{"class":93},[73,32308,1063],{"class":83},[73,32310,8300],{"class":116},[73,32312,9814],{"class":83},[20,32314,32315,32316,653],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[646,32317,18416],{"href":11238},[59,32319,1999,32321],{"id":32320},"when-to-use-update",[15,32322,15463],{},[20,32324,171,32325,11108],{},[15,32326,15463],{},[33,32328,32329,32332,32335,32338],{},[36,32330,32331],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[36,32333,32334],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[36,32336,32337],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[36,32339,32340],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,32342,32343],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[64,32345,32347],{"className":66,"code":32346,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,32348,32349,32385,32400,32404,32443,32447,32457],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,32350,32351,32353,32355,32357,32359,32361,32363,32365,32367,32369,32371,32373,32375,32377,32379,32381,32383],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,32352,12597],{"class":216},[73,32354,221],{"class":220},[73,32356,10997],{"class":83},[73,32358,94],{"class":93},[73,32360,8177],{"class":97},[73,32362,94],{"class":93},[73,32364,1063],{"class":83},[73,32366,224],{"class":93},[73,32368,13391],{"class":97},[73,32370,94],{"class":93},[73,32372,140],{"class":83},[73,32374,224],{"class":93},[73,32376,9804],{"class":97},[73,32378,94],{"class":93},[73,32380,1063],{"class":83},[73,32382,8300],{"class":116},[73,32384,9814],{"class":83},[73,32386,32387,32390,32392,32394,32396,32398],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,32388,32389],{"class":216},"updated ",[73,32391,221],{"class":220},[73,32393,12672],{"class":216},[73,32395,653],{"class":83},[73,32397,13422],{"class":245},[73,32399,9151],{"class":83},[73,32401,32402],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,32403,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,32405,32406,32409,32411,32413,32415,32417,32419,32421,32423,32425,32427,32429,32431,32433,32435,32437,32439,32441],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,32407,32408],{"class":216},"updated",[73,32410,653],{"class":83},[73,32412,30970],{"class":245},[73,32414,6042],{"class":83},[73,32416,94],{"class":93},[73,32418,9804],{"class":97},[73,32420,94],{"class":93},[73,32422,1063],{"class":83},[73,32424,30983],{"class":116},[73,32426,140],{"class":83},[73,32428,224],{"class":93},[73,32430,10915],{"class":97},[73,32432,94],{"class":93},[73,32434,1063],{"class":83},[73,32436,224],{"class":93},[73,32438,16541],{"class":97},[73,32440,94],{"class":93},[73,32442,31002],{"class":83},[73,32444,32445],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,32446,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,32448,32449,32451,32453,32455],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,32450,80],{"class":79},[73,32452,84],{"class":83},[73,32454,12644],{"class":245},[73,32456,249],{"class":83},[73,32458,32459,32461,32463,32465],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,32460,80],{"class":79},[73,32462,84],{"class":83},[73,32464,32408],{"class":245},[73,32466,249],{"class":83},[20,32468,148],{},[64,32470,32472],{"className":66,"code":32471,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,32473,32474,32506],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,32475,32476,32478,32480,32482,32484,32486,32488,32490,32492,32494,32496,32498,32500,32502,32504],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,32477,999],{"class":83},[73,32479,343],{"class":93},[73,32481,8177],{"class":97},[73,32483,343],{"class":93},[73,32485,1063],{"class":83},[73,32487,337],{"class":93},[73,32489,13391],{"class":97},[73,32491,343],{"class":93},[73,32493,140],{"class":83},[73,32495,337],{"class":93},[73,32497,9804],{"class":97},[73,32499,343],{"class":93},[73,32501,1063],{"class":83},[73,32503,8300],{"class":116},[73,32505,9814],{"class":83},[73,32507,32508,32510,32512,32514,32516,32518,32520,32522,32524,32526,32528,32530,32532,32534,32536,32538,32540,32542,32544,32546,32548,32550,32552],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,32509,999],{"class":83},[73,32511,343],{"class":93},[73,32513,8177],{"class":97},[73,32515,343],{"class":93},[73,32517,1063],{"class":83},[73,32519,337],{"class":93},[73,32521,13391],{"class":97},[73,32523,343],{"class":93},[73,32525,140],{"class":83},[73,32527,337],{"class":93},[73,32529,9804],{"class":97},[73,32531,343],{"class":93},[73,32533,1063],{"class":83},[73,32535,30983],{"class":116},[73,32537,140],{"class":83},[73,32539,337],{"class":93},[73,32541,10915],{"class":97},[73,32543,343],{"class":93},[73,32545,1063],{"class":83},[73,32547,337],{"class":93},[73,32549,16541],{"class":97},[73,32551,343],{"class":93},[73,32553,9814],{"class":83},[20,32555,32556,32557,653],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[646,32558,17108],{"href":17107},[59,32560,2102],{"id":2101},[20,32562,11255,32563,1063],{},[15,32564,15463],{},[33,32566,32567,32574,32578,32581,32584],{},[36,32568,13106,32569,32571,32572],{},[15,32570,15463],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,32573,1842],{},[36,32575,2300,32576,13114],{},[15,32577,15463],{},[36,32579,32580],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[36,32582,32583],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[36,32585,32586],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,32588,32589],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[64,32591,32593],{"className":66,"code":32592,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,32594,32595,32605,32619,32633,32655],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,32596,32597,32599,32601,32603],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,32598,80],{"class":79},[73,32600,84],{"class":83},[73,32602,11959],{"class":245},[73,32604,249],{"class":83},[73,32606,32607,32609,32611,32613,32615,32617],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,32608,80],{"class":79},[73,32610,84],{"class":83},[73,32612,288],{"class":87},[73,32614,84],{"class":83},[73,32616,9710],{"class":245},[73,32618,102],{"class":83},[73,32620,32621,32623,32625,32627,32629,32631],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,32622,80],{"class":79},[73,32624,84],{"class":83},[73,32626,8604],{"class":87},[73,32628,84],{"class":83},[73,32630,9710],{"class":245},[73,32632,102],{"class":83},[73,32634,32635,32637,32639,32641,32643,32645,32647,32649,32651,32653],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,32636,80],{"class":79},[73,32638,84],{"class":83},[73,32640,11959],{"class":245},[73,32642,653],{"class":83},[73,32644,20262],{"class":245},[73,32646,84],{"class":83},[73,32648,343],{"class":93},[73,32650,15350],{"class":97},[73,32652,343],{"class":93},[73,32654,102],{"class":83},[73,32656,32657,32660,32662,32664,32666,32668],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,32658,32659],{"class":79},"help",[73,32661,84],{"class":83},[73,32663,9330],{"class":87},[73,32665,653],{"class":83},[73,32667,30970],{"class":25260},[73,32669,249],{"class":83},[20,32671,32672],{},"These can help you check:",[33,32674,32675,32678,32683,32686,32689],{},[36,32676,32677],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[36,32679,32680,32681],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32682,15463],{},[36,32684,32685],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[36,32687,32688],{},"Whether a key exists",[36,32690,32691],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32693,32694,32695,653],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[646,32696,11771],{"href":11582},[59,32698,2350],{"id":2349},[403,32700,2354,32702,32704],{"id":32701},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32703,15463],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32706,32707,32708,653],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32709,1842],{},[403,32711,2354,32713,32715],{"id":32712},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32714,15463],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32717,32718],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[403,32720,5681,32722,32724],{"id":32721},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32723,15463],{}," add new keys?",[20,32726,32727],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[403,32729,28838,32731,32733],{"id":32730},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32732,15463],{}," with a list?",[20,32735,32736,32737,653],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32738,11603],{},[403,32740,5691,32742,32744],{"id":32741},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32743,15463],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32746,32747,32748,32750],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32749,15463],{}," can change many keys at once.",[59,32752,2413],{"id":2412},[33,32754,32755,32759,32763,32768,32772],{},[36,32756,32757],{},[646,32758,26605],{"href":9896},[36,32760,32761],{},[646,32762,11760],{"href":11238},[36,32764,32765],{},[646,32766,32767],{"href":31592},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[36,32769,32770],{},[646,32771,21970],{"href":17107},[36,32773,32774],{},[646,32775,11771],{"href":11582},[2459,32777,32778],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":32780},[32781,32782,32784,32785,32787,32789,32790,32791,32793,32794,32806],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":31025,"depth":105,"text":32783},"What update() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":31385,"depth":105,"text":32786},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31596,"depth":105,"text":32788},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31837,"depth":105,"text":31838},{"id":17929,"depth":105,"text":17930},{"id":32320,"depth":105,"text":32792},"When to use update()",{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":32795},[32796,32798,32800,32802,32804],{"id":32701,"depth":122,"text":32797},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32712,"depth":122,"text":32799},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32721,"depth":122,"text":32801},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32730,"depth":122,"text":32803},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32741,"depth":122,"text":32805},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30903,"description":32807},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32813,"title":32814,"body":32815,"description":34803,"extension":2511,"meta":34804,"navigation":254,"path":23404,"seo":34805,"stem":34806,"__hash__":34807},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32816,"toc":34766},[32817,32822,32828,32831,32833,32932,32934,32989,32994,32999,33013,33018,33020,33035,33037,33051,33064,33069,33075,33082,33084,33191,33193,33242,33248,33323,33325,33346,33348,33351,33456,33458,33513,33515,33543,33547,33552,33631,33633,33653,33655,33666,33676,33680,33685,33789,33791,33816,33819,33830,33835,33844,33847,33864,33866,33953,33955,34018,34020,34043,34045,34050,34056,34061,34063,34102,34108,34111,34130,34141,34147,34150,34223,34225,34244,34249,34252,34275,34281,34284,34348,34351,34428,34435,34438,34497,34503,34505,34524,34528,34531,34582,34585,34605,34607,34668,34670,34675,34680,34685,34690,34695,34700,34706,34709,34718,34726,34728,34763],[10,32818,11827,32820,11831],{"id":32819},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32821,17582],{},[20,32823,22,32824,32827],{},[15,32825,32826],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32829,32830],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[59,32832,62],{"id":61},[64,32834,32836],{"className":66,"code":32835,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32837,32838,32890,32904,32908,32918],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,32839,32840,32842,32844,32846,32848,32850,32852,32854,32856,32858,32860,32862,32864,32866,32868,32870,32872,32874,32876,32878,32880,32882,32884,32886,32888],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,32841,13374],{"class":216},[73,32843,221],{"class":220},[73,32845,10997],{"class":83},[73,32847,94],{"class":93},[73,32849,8177],{"class":97},[73,32851,94],{"class":93},[73,32853,1063],{"class":83},[73,32855,224],{"class":93},[73,32857,13391],{"class":97},[73,32859,94],{"class":93},[73,32861,140],{"class":83},[73,32863,224],{"class":93},[73,32865,9804],{"class":97},[73,32867,94],{"class":93},[73,32869,1063],{"class":83},[73,32871,8300],{"class":116},[73,32873,140],{"class":83},[73,32875,224],{"class":93},[73,32877,10915],{"class":97},[73,32879,94],{"class":93},[73,32881,1063],{"class":83},[73,32883,224],{"class":93},[73,32885,16541],{"class":97},[73,32887,94],{"class":93},[73,32889,9814],{"class":83},[73,32891,32892,32894,32896,32898,32900,32902],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,32893,886],{"class":216},[73,32895,221],{"class":220},[73,32897,13417],{"class":216},[73,32899,653],{"class":83},[73,32901,5871],{"class":245},[73,32903,9151],{"class":83},[73,32905,32906],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,32907,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,32909,32910,32912,32914,32916],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,32911,80],{"class":79},[73,32913,84],{"class":83},[73,32915,5871],{"class":245},[73,32917,249],{"class":83},[73,32919,32920,32922,32924,32926,32928,32930],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,32921,80],{"class":79},[73,32923,84],{"class":83},[73,32925,8604],{"class":87},[73,32927,84],{"class":83},[73,32929,5871],{"class":245},[73,32931,102],{"class":83},[20,32933,148],{},[64,32935,32937],{"className":66,"code":32936,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32938,32939,32965],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,32940,32941,32943,32945,32947,32949,32951,32953,32955,32957,32959,32961,32963],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,32942,17548],{"class":245},[73,32944,3510],{"class":83},[73,32946,343],{"class":93},[73,32948,13391],{"class":97},[73,32950,343],{"class":93},[73,32952,140],{"class":83},[73,32954,8300],{"class":116},[73,32956,140],{"class":83},[73,32958,337],{"class":93},[73,32960,16541],{"class":97},[73,32962,343],{"class":93},[73,32964,4398],{"class":83},[73,32966,32967,32969,32971,32973,32975,32977,32979,32981,32983,32985,32987],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,32968,4410],{"class":83},[73,32970,343],{"class":93},[73,32972,13391],{"class":97},[73,32974,343],{"class":93},[73,32976,140],{"class":83},[73,32978,8300],{"class":116},[73,32980,140],{"class":83},[73,32982,337],{"class":93},[73,32984,16541],{"class":97},[73,32986,343],{"class":93},[73,32988,924],{"class":83},[20,32990,32991,32993],{},[15,32992,17582],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[59,32995,178,32997,181],{"id":32996},"what-values-does",[15,32998,17582],{},[33,33000,33001,33004,33007,33010],{},[36,33002,33003],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[36,33005,33006],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[36,33008,33009],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[36,33011,33012],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,33014,33015,33016,653],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[646,33017,9897],{"href":9896},[59,33019,370],{"id":369},[64,33021,33023],{"className":66,"code":33022,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,33024,33025],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,33026,33027,33029,33031,33033],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,33028,11959],{"class":216},[73,33030,653],{"class":83},[73,33032,5871],{"class":245},[73,33034,9151],{"class":83},[20,33036,189],{},[33,33038,33039,33043,33046],{},[36,33040,33041,11975],{},[15,33042,17582],{},[36,33044,33045],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[36,33047,33048,33049],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,33050,17582],{},[20,33052,33053,33054,1647,33059,653],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[646,33055,33056,33058],{"href":17573},[15,33057,17576],{}," for dictionary keys",[646,33060,33061,33063],{"href":17586},[15,33062,17589],{}," for key-value pairs",[59,33065,178,33067,12216],{"id":33066},"what-values-returns",[15,33068,17582],{},[20,33070,33071,22486,33073,25274],{},[15,33072,17582],{},[15,33074,17548],{},[20,33076,33077,33078,33081],{},"This object is a ",[1194,33079,33080],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,33083,206],{},[64,33085,33087],{"className":66,"code":33086,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,33088,33089,33125,33129,33144,33155,33159,33181],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,33090,33091,33093,33095,33097,33099,33101,33103,33105,33107,33109,33111,33113,33115,33117,33119,33121,33123],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,33092,13715],{"class":216},[73,33094,221],{"class":220},[73,33096,10997],{"class":83},[73,33098,94],{"class":93},[73,33100,8177],{"class":97},[73,33102,94],{"class":93},[73,33104,1063],{"class":83},[73,33106,224],{"class":93},[73,33108,8432],{"class":97},[73,33110,94],{"class":93},[73,33112,140],{"class":83},[73,33114,224],{"class":93},[73,33116,9804],{"class":97},[73,33118,94],{"class":93},[73,33120,1063],{"class":83},[73,33122,9811],{"class":116},[73,33124,9814],{"class":83},[73,33126,33127],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,33128,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,33130,33131,33134,33136,33138,33140,33142],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,33132,33133],{"class":216},"values_view ",[73,33135,221],{"class":220},[73,33137,13758],{"class":216},[73,33139,653],{"class":83},[73,33141,5871],{"class":245},[73,33143,9151],{"class":83},[73,33145,33146,33148,33150,33153],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,33147,80],{"class":79},[73,33149,84],{"class":83},[73,33151,33152],{"class":245},"values_view",[73,33154,249],{"class":83},[73,33156,33157],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,33158,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,33160,33161,33163,33165,33167,33169,33171,33173,33175,33177,33179],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,33162,17818],{"class":216},[73,33164,4410],{"class":83},[73,33166,94],{"class":93},[73,33168,10915],{"class":97},[73,33170,94],{"class":93},[73,33172,13784],{"class":83},[73,33174,13787],{"class":220},[73,33176,224],{"class":93},[73,33178,31149],{"class":97},[73,33180,230],{"class":93},[73,33182,33183,33185,33187,33189],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,33184,80],{"class":79},[73,33186,84],{"class":83},[73,33188,33152],{"class":245},[73,33190,249],{"class":83},[20,33192,148],{},[64,33194,33196],{"className":66,"code":33195,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,33197,33198,33216],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,33199,33200,33202,33204,33206,33208,33210,33212,33214],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,33201,17548],{"class":245},[73,33203,3510],{"class":83},[73,33205,343],{"class":93},[73,33207,8432],{"class":97},[73,33209,343],{"class":93},[73,33211,140],{"class":83},[73,33213,9811],{"class":116},[73,33215,4398],{"class":83},[73,33217,33218,33220,33222,33224,33226,33228,33230,33232,33234,33236,33238,33240],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,33219,17548],{"class":245},[73,33221,3510],{"class":83},[73,33223,343],{"class":93},[73,33225,8432],{"class":97},[73,33227,343],{"class":93},[73,33229,140],{"class":83},[73,33231,9811],{"class":116},[73,33233,140],{"class":83},[73,33235,337],{"class":93},[73,33237,31149],{"class":97},[73,33239,343],{"class":93},[73,33241,4398],{"class":83},[20,33243,33244,33245,653],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,33246,33247],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[64,33249,33251],{"className":66,"code":33250,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,33252,33253,33289,33308,33312],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,33254,33255,33257,33259,33261,33263,33265,33267,33269,33271,33273,33275,33277,33279,33281,33283,33285,33287],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,33256,13715],{"class":216},[73,33258,221],{"class":220},[73,33260,10997],{"class":83},[73,33262,94],{"class":93},[73,33264,8177],{"class":97},[73,33266,94],{"class":93},[73,33268,1063],{"class":83},[73,33270,224],{"class":93},[73,33272,8432],{"class":97},[73,33274,94],{"class":93},[73,33276,140],{"class":83},[73,33278,224],{"class":93},[73,33280,9804],{"class":97},[73,33282,94],{"class":93},[73,33284,1063],{"class":83},[73,33286,9811],{"class":116},[73,33288,9814],{"class":83},[73,33290,33291,33294,33296,33298,33300,33302,33304,33306],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,33292,33293],{"class":216},"values_list ",[73,33295,221],{"class":220},[73,33297,23069],{"class":87},[73,33299,84],{"class":83},[73,33301,17818],{"class":245},[73,33303,653],{"class":83},[73,33305,5871],{"class":245},[73,33307,7704],{"class":83},[73,33309,33310],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,33311,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,33313,33314,33316,33318,33321],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,33315,80],{"class":79},[73,33317,84],{"class":83},[73,33319,33320],{"class":245},"values_list",[73,33322,249],{"class":83},[20,33324,148],{},[64,33326,33328],{"className":66,"code":33327,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,33329,33330],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,33331,33332,33334,33336,33338,33340,33342,33344],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,33333,4410],{"class":83},[73,33335,343],{"class":93},[73,33337,8432],{"class":97},[73,33339,343],{"class":93},[73,33341,140],{"class":83},[73,33343,9811],{"class":116},[73,33345,924],{"class":83},[59,33347,11985],{"id":11984},[20,33349,33350],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[64,33352,33354],{"className":66,"code":33353,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,33355,33356,33410,33414,33428,33432,33442],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,33357,33358,33360,33362,33364,33366,33368,33370,33372,33374,33376,33378,33380,33382,33384,33386,33388,33391,33393,33395,33398,33400,33402,33404,33406,33408],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,33359,25306],{"class":216},[73,33361,221],{"class":220},[73,33363,10997],{"class":83},[73,33365,94],{"class":93},[73,33367,25315],{"class":97},[73,33369,94],{"class":93},[73,33371,1063],{"class":83},[73,33373,224],{"class":93},[73,33375,25324],{"class":97},[73,33377,94],{"class":93},[73,33379,140],{"class":83},[73,33381,224],{"class":93},[73,33383,25333],{"class":97},[73,33385,94],{"class":93},[73,33387,1063],{"class":83},[73,33389,33390],{"class":116}," 2022",[73,33392,140],{"class":83},[73,33394,224],{"class":93},[73,33396,33397],{"class":97},"color",[73,33399,94],{"class":93},[73,33401,1063],{"class":83},[73,33403,224],{"class":93},[73,33405,13620],{"class":97},[73,33407,94],{"class":93},[73,33409,9814],{"class":83},[73,33411,33412],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,33413,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,33415,33416,33418,33420,33422,33424,33426],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,33417,2766],{"class":216},[73,33419,221],{"class":220},[73,33421,25355],{"class":216},[73,33423,653],{"class":83},[73,33425,5871],{"class":245},[73,33427,9151],{"class":83},[73,33429,33430],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,33431,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,33433,33434,33436,33438,33440],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,33435,80],{"class":79},[73,33437,84],{"class":83},[73,33439,2800],{"class":245},[73,33441,249],{"class":83},[73,33443,33444,33446,33448,33450,33452,33454],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,33445,80],{"class":79},[73,33447,84],{"class":83},[73,33449,8604],{"class":87},[73,33451,84],{"class":83},[73,33453,2800],{"class":245},[73,33455,102],{"class":83},[20,33457,148],{},[64,33459,33461],{"className":66,"code":33460,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,33462,33463,33489],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,33464,33465,33467,33469,33471,33473,33475,33477,33479,33481,33483,33485,33487],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,33466,17548],{"class":245},[73,33468,3510],{"class":83},[73,33470,343],{"class":93},[73,33472,25324],{"class":97},[73,33474,343],{"class":93},[73,33476,140],{"class":83},[73,33478,33390],{"class":116},[73,33480,140],{"class":83},[73,33482,337],{"class":93},[73,33484,13620],{"class":97},[73,33486,343],{"class":93},[73,33488,4398],{"class":83},[73,33490,33491,33493,33495,33497,33499,33501,33503,33505,33507,33509,33511],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,33492,4410],{"class":83},[73,33494,343],{"class":93},[73,33496,25324],{"class":97},[73,33498,343],{"class":93},[73,33500,140],{"class":83},[73,33502,33390],{"class":116},[73,33504,140],{"class":83},[73,33506,337],{"class":93},[73,33508,13620],{"class":97},[73,33510,343],{"class":93},[73,33512,924],{"class":83},[20,33514,12194],{},[33,33516,33517,33523,33529,33537],{},[36,33518,33519,33522],{},[15,33520,33521],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[36,33524,33525,33528],{},[15,33526,33527],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[36,33530,33531,33534,33535,25127],{},[15,33532,33533],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,33536,17548],{},[36,33538,33539,33542],{},[15,33540,33541],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[59,33544,33546],{"id":33545},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,33548,33549,33550,26574],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,33551,934],{},[64,33553,33555],{"className":66,"code":33554,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,33556,33557,33601,33605,33621],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,33558,33559,33561,33563,33565,33567,33569,33571,33573,33575,33577,33579,33581,33583,33585,33587,33589,33591,33593,33595,33597,33599],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,33560,5577],{"class":216},[73,33562,221],{"class":220},[73,33564,10997],{"class":83},[73,33566,94],{"class":93},[73,33568,18929],{"class":97},[73,33570,94],{"class":93},[73,33572,1063],{"class":83},[73,33574,20410],{"class":116},[73,33576,140],{"class":83},[73,33578,224],{"class":93},[73,33580,31659],{"class":97},[73,33582,94],{"class":93},[73,33584,1063],{"class":83},[73,33586,14018],{"class":116},[73,33588,140],{"class":83},[73,33590,224],{"class":93},[73,33592,18938],{"class":97},[73,33594,94],{"class":93},[73,33596,1063],{"class":83},[73,33598,29430],{"class":116},[73,33600,9814],{"class":83},[73,33602,33603],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,33604,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,33606,33607,33609,33611,33613,33615,33617,33619],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,33608,934],{"class":933},[73,33610,937],{"class":216},[73,33612,940],{"class":933},[73,33614,5624],{"class":216},[73,33616,653],{"class":83},[73,33618,5871],{"class":245},[73,33620,22107],{"class":83},[73,33622,33623,33625,33627,33629],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,33624,1676],{"class":79},[73,33626,84],{"class":83},[73,33628,967],{"class":245},[73,33630,249],{"class":83},[20,33632,148],{},[64,33634,33636],{"className":66,"code":33635,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33637,33638,33643,33648],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,33639,33640],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,33641,33642],{"class":116},"90\n",[73,33644,33645],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,33646,33647],{"class":116},"85\n",[73,33649,33650],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,33651,33652],{"class":116},"88\n",[20,33654,18222],{},[33,33656,33657,33660,33663],{},[36,33658,33659],{},"You only need the values",[36,33661,33662],{},"You do not care about the keys",[36,33664,33665],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33667,33668,33669,3408,33673,653],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[646,33670,11244,33671,11248],{"href":17586},[15,33672,17589],{},[646,33674,22984],{"href":33675},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[59,33677,33679],{"id":33678},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33681,171,33682,33684],{},[15,33683,33247],{}," when you need a list.",[64,33686,33688],{"className":66,"code":33687,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33689,33690,33736,33740,33760,33764,33775],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,33691,33692,33695,33697,33699,33701,33703,33705,33707,33709,33711,33713,33715,33717,33719,33721,33723,33725,33728,33730,33732,33734],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,33693,33694],{"class":216},"fruit_prices ",[73,33696,221],{"class":220},[73,33698,10997],{"class":83},[73,33700,94],{"class":93},[73,33702,4590],{"class":97},[73,33704,94],{"class":93},[73,33706,1063],{"class":83},[73,33708,143],{"class":116},[73,33710,140],{"class":83},[73,33712,224],{"class":93},[73,33714,4599],{"class":97},[73,33716,94],{"class":93},[73,33718,1063],{"class":83},[73,33720,2085],{"class":116},[73,33722,140],{"class":83},[73,33724,224],{"class":93},[73,33726,33727],{"class":97},"orange",[73,33729,94],{"class":93},[73,33731,1063],{"class":83},[73,33733,2982],{"class":116},[73,33735,9814],{"class":83},[73,33737,33738],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,33739,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,33741,33742,33745,33747,33749,33751,33754,33756,33758],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,33743,33744],{"class":216},"price_list ",[73,33746,221],{"class":220},[73,33748,23069],{"class":87},[73,33750,84],{"class":83},[73,33752,33753],{"class":245},"fruit_prices",[73,33755,653],{"class":83},[73,33757,5871],{"class":245},[73,33759,7704],{"class":83},[73,33761,33762],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,33763,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,33765,33766,33768,33770,33773],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,33767,80],{"class":79},[73,33769,84],{"class":83},[73,33771,33772],{"class":245},"price_list",[73,33774,249],{"class":83},[73,33776,33777,33779,33781,33783,33785,33787],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,33778,80],{"class":79},[73,33780,84],{"class":83},[73,33782,33772],{"class":245},[73,33784,4410],{"class":83},[73,33786,806],{"class":116},[73,33788,4398],{"class":83},[20,33790,148],{},[64,33792,33794],{"className":66,"code":33793,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33795,33796,33812],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,33797,33798,33800,33802,33804,33806,33808,33810],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,33799,4410],{"class":83},[73,33801,530],{"class":116},[73,33803,140],{"class":83},[73,33805,2085],{"class":116},[73,33807,140],{"class":83},[73,33809,2982],{"class":116},[73,33811,924],{"class":83},[73,33813,33814],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,33815,17567],{"class":116},[20,33817,33818],{},"This is helpful for:",[33,33820,33821,33824,33827],{},[36,33822,33823],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[36,33825,33826],{},"Accessing values by index",[36,33828,33829],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33831,4435,33832,33834],{},[15,33833,17548],{}," is not the same as a list.",[59,33836,33838,11092,33840,11092,33842],{"id":33837},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33839,17582],{},[15,33841,17576],{},[15,33843,17589],{},[20,33845,33846],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[33,33848,33849,33854,33859],{},[36,33850,33851,33853],{},[15,33852,17582],{}," returns only the values",[36,33855,33856,33858],{},[15,33857,17576],{}," returns only the keys",[36,33860,33861,33863],{},[15,33862,17589],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33865,2667],{},[64,33867,33869],{"className":66,"code":33868,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33870,33871,33907,33911,33925,33939],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,33872,33873,33875,33877,33879,33881,33883,33885,33887,33889,33891,33893,33895,33897,33899,33901,33903,33905],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,33874,13374],{"class":216},[73,33876,221],{"class":220},[73,33878,10997],{"class":83},[73,33880,94],{"class":93},[73,33882,8177],{"class":97},[73,33884,94],{"class":93},[73,33886,1063],{"class":83},[73,33888,224],{"class":93},[73,33890,13391],{"class":97},[73,33892,94],{"class":93},[73,33894,140],{"class":83},[73,33896,224],{"class":93},[73,33898,9804],{"class":97},[73,33900,94],{"class":93},[73,33902,1063],{"class":83},[73,33904,8300],{"class":116},[73,33906,9814],{"class":83},[73,33908,33909],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,33910,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,33912,33913,33915,33917,33919,33921,33923],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,33914,80],{"class":79},[73,33916,84],{"class":83},[73,33918,14137],{"class":245},[73,33920,653],{"class":83},[73,33922,17434],{"class":245},[73,33924,7704],{"class":83},[73,33926,33927,33929,33931,33933,33935,33937],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,33928,80],{"class":79},[73,33930,84],{"class":83},[73,33932,14137],{"class":245},[73,33934,653],{"class":83},[73,33936,5871],{"class":245},[73,33938,7704],{"class":83},[73,33940,33941,33943,33945,33947,33949,33951],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,33942,80],{"class":79},[73,33944,84],{"class":83},[73,33946,14137],{"class":245},[73,33948,653],{"class":83},[73,33950,8320],{"class":245},[73,33952,7704],{"class":83},[20,33954,148],{},[64,33956,33958],{"className":66,"code":33957,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33959,33960,33982,34000],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,33961,33962,33964,33966,33968,33970,33972,33974,33976,33978,33980],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,33963,17525],{"class":245},[73,33965,3510],{"class":83},[73,33967,343],{"class":93},[73,33969,8177],{"class":97},[73,33971,343],{"class":93},[73,33973,140],{"class":83},[73,33975,337],{"class":93},[73,33977,9804],{"class":97},[73,33979,343],{"class":93},[73,33981,4398],{"class":83},[73,33983,33984,33986,33988,33990,33992,33994,33996,33998],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,33985,17548],{"class":245},[73,33987,3510],{"class":83},[73,33989,343],{"class":93},[73,33991,13391],{"class":97},[73,33993,343],{"class":93},[73,33995,140],{"class":83},[73,33997,8300],{"class":116},[73,33999,4398],{"class":83},[73,34001,34002,34004,34006,34008,34010,34012,34014,34016],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,34003,22419],{"class":245},[73,34005,10163],{"class":83},[73,34007,343],{"class":93},[73,34009,8177],{"class":97},[73,34011,343],{"class":93},[73,34013,140],{"class":83},[73,34015,8300],{"class":116},[73,34017,11186],{"class":83},[20,34019,19207],{},[33,34021,34022,34029,34036],{},[36,34023,34024,34028],{},[646,34025,34026],{"href":17573},[15,34027,17576],{}," when you need just the keys",[36,34030,34031,34035],{},[646,34032,34033],{"href":17579},[15,34034,17582],{}," when you need just the values",[36,34037,34038,34042],{},[646,34039,34040],{"href":17586},[15,34041,17589],{}," when you need both",[59,34044,5031],{"id":5030},[20,34046,34047,34048,653],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,34049,17582],{},[403,34051,30159,34053,34055],{"id":34052},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,34054,17582],{}," on the wrong type",[20,34057,34058,34060],{},[15,34059,17582],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,34062,17154],{},[64,34064,34066],{"className":66,"code":34065,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,34067,34068,34088],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,34069,34070,34072,34074,34076,34078,34080,34082,34084,34086],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,34071,8817],{"class":216},[73,34073,221],{"class":220},[73,34075,891],{"class":83},[73,34077,2397],{"class":116},[73,34079,140],{"class":83},[73,34081,143],{"class":116},[73,34083,140],{"class":83},[73,34085,2982],{"class":116},[73,34087,924],{"class":83},[73,34089,34090,34092,34094,34096,34098,34100],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,34091,80],{"class":79},[73,34093,84],{"class":83},[73,34095,8848],{"class":245},[73,34097,653],{"class":83},[73,34099,5871],{"class":245},[73,34101,7704],{"class":83},[20,34103,34104,34105,34107],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,34106,17582],{}," method.",[20,34109,34110],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[64,34112,34114],{"className":66,"code":34113,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,34115,34116],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,34117,34118,34120,34122,34124,34126,34128],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,34119,80],{"class":79},[73,34121,84],{"class":83},[73,34123,288],{"class":87},[73,34125,84],{"class":83},[73,34127,8848],{"class":245},[73,34129,102],{"class":83},[20,34131,34132,34133,34135,34136,653],{},"If you get an ",[15,34134,26182],{},", see ",[646,34137,1805,34138,34140],{"href":26189},[15,34139,26192],{}," errors",[403,34142,5092,34144,34146],{"id":34143},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,34145,17582],{}," returns a list",[20,34148,34149],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[64,34151,34153],{"className":66,"code":34152,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,34154,34155,34191,34205,34209],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,34156,34157,34159,34161,34163,34165,34167,34169,34171,34173,34175,34177,34179,34181,34183,34185,34187,34189],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,34158,13374],{"class":216},[73,34160,221],{"class":220},[73,34162,10997],{"class":83},[73,34164,94],{"class":93},[73,34166,8177],{"class":97},[73,34168,94],{"class":93},[73,34170,1063],{"class":83},[73,34172,224],{"class":93},[73,34174,13391],{"class":97},[73,34176,94],{"class":93},[73,34178,140],{"class":83},[73,34180,224],{"class":93},[73,34182,9804],{"class":97},[73,34184,94],{"class":93},[73,34186,1063],{"class":83},[73,34188,8300],{"class":116},[73,34190,9814],{"class":83},[73,34192,34193,34195,34197,34199,34201,34203],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,34194,886],{"class":216},[73,34196,221],{"class":220},[73,34198,13417],{"class":216},[73,34200,653],{"class":83},[73,34202,5871],{"class":245},[73,34204,9151],{"class":83},[73,34206,34207],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,34208,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,34210,34211,34213,34215,34217,34219,34221],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,34212,80],{"class":79},[73,34214,84],{"class":83},[73,34216,288],{"class":87},[73,34218,84],{"class":83},[73,34220,5871],{"class":245},[73,34222,102],{"class":83},[20,34224,148],{},[64,34226,34228],{"className":66,"code":34227,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,34229,34230],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,34231,34232,34234,34236,34238,34240,34242],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,34233,330],{"class":220},[73,34235,334],{"class":333},[73,34237,337],{"class":93},[73,34239,17548],{"class":97},[73,34241,343],{"class":93},[73,34243,346],{"class":220},[20,34245,2394,34246,34248],{},[15,34247,17548],{},", not a list.",[20,34250,34251],{},"If you need a list:",[64,34253,34255],{"className":66,"code":34254,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,34256,34257],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,34258,34259,34261,34263,34265,34267,34269,34271,34273],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,34260,886],{"class":216},[73,34262,221],{"class":220},[73,34264,23069],{"class":87},[73,34266,84],{"class":83},[73,34268,14137],{"class":245},[73,34270,653],{"class":83},[73,34272,5871],{"class":245},[73,34274,7704],{"class":83},[403,34276,34278,34279],{"id":34277},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,34280,17548],{},[20,34282,34283],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[64,34285,34287],{"className":66,"code":34286,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,34288,34289,34325,34339,34343],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,34290,34291,34293,34295,34297,34299,34301,34303,34305,34307,34309,34311,34313,34315,34317,34319,34321,34323],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,34292,13374],{"class":216},[73,34294,221],{"class":220},[73,34296,10997],{"class":83},[73,34298,94],{"class":93},[73,34300,8177],{"class":97},[73,34302,94],{"class":93},[73,34304,1063],{"class":83},[73,34306,224],{"class":93},[73,34308,13391],{"class":97},[73,34310,94],{"class":93},[73,34312,140],{"class":83},[73,34314,224],{"class":93},[73,34316,9804],{"class":97},[73,34318,94],{"class":93},[73,34320,1063],{"class":83},[73,34322,8300],{"class":116},[73,34324,9814],{"class":83},[73,34326,34327,34329,34331,34333,34335,34337],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,34328,886],{"class":216},[73,34330,221],{"class":220},[73,34332,13417],{"class":216},[73,34334,653],{"class":83},[73,34336,5871],{"class":245},[73,34338,9151],{"class":83},[73,34340,34341],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,34342,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,34344,34345],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,34346,34347],{"class":769},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,34349,34350],{},"Convert to a list first:",[64,34352,34354],{"className":66,"code":34353,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,34355,34356,34392,34410,34414],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,34357,34358,34360,34362,34364,34366,34368,34370,34372,34374,34376,34378,34380,34382,34384,34386,34388,34390],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,34359,13374],{"class":216},[73,34361,221],{"class":220},[73,34363,10997],{"class":83},[73,34365,94],{"class":93},[73,34367,8177],{"class":97},[73,34369,94],{"class":93},[73,34371,1063],{"class":83},[73,34373,224],{"class":93},[73,34375,13391],{"class":97},[73,34377,94],{"class":93},[73,34379,140],{"class":83},[73,34381,224],{"class":93},[73,34383,9804],{"class":97},[73,34385,94],{"class":93},[73,34387,1063],{"class":83},[73,34389,8300],{"class":116},[73,34391,9814],{"class":83},[73,34393,34394,34396,34398,34400,34402,34404,34406,34408],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,34395,886],{"class":216},[73,34397,221],{"class":220},[73,34399,23069],{"class":87},[73,34401,84],{"class":83},[73,34403,14137],{"class":245},[73,34405,653],{"class":83},[73,34407,5871],{"class":245},[73,34409,7704],{"class":83},[73,34411,34412],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,34413,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,34415,34416,34418,34420,34422,34424,34426],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,34417,80],{"class":79},[73,34419,84],{"class":83},[73,34421,5871],{"class":245},[73,34423,4410],{"class":83},[73,34425,806],{"class":116},[73,34427,4398],{"class":83},[403,34429,657,34431,11600,34433],{"id":34430},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,34432,5871],{},[15,34434,17582],{},[20,34436,34437],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[64,34439,34441],{"className":66,"code":34440,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,34442,34443,34479,34483],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,34444,34445,34447,34449,34451,34453,34455,34457,34459,34461,34463,34465,34467,34469,34471,34473,34475,34477],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,34446,13374],{"class":216},[73,34448,221],{"class":220},[73,34450,10997],{"class":83},[73,34452,94],{"class":93},[73,34454,8177],{"class":97},[73,34456,94],{"class":93},[73,34458,1063],{"class":83},[73,34460,224],{"class":93},[73,34462,13391],{"class":97},[73,34464,94],{"class":93},[73,34466,140],{"class":83},[73,34468,224],{"class":93},[73,34470,9804],{"class":97},[73,34472,94],{"class":93},[73,34474,1063],{"class":83},[73,34476,8300],{"class":116},[73,34478,9814],{"class":83},[73,34480,34481],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,34482,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,34484,34485,34487,34489,34491,34493,34495],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,34486,80],{"class":79},[73,34488,84],{"class":83},[73,34490,14137],{"class":245},[73,34492,653],{"class":83},[73,34494,5871],{"class":25260},[73,34496,249],{"class":83},[20,34498,34499,34502],{},[15,34500,34501],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,34504,19207],{},[64,34506,34508],{"className":66,"code":34507,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(student.values())\n",[15,34509,34510],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,34511,34512,34514,34516,34518,34520,34522],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,34513,80],{"class":79},[73,34515,84],{"class":83},[73,34517,14137],{"class":245},[73,34519,653],{"class":83},[73,34521,5871],{"class":245},[73,34523,7704],{"class":83},[403,34525,34527],{"id":34526},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,34529,34530],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[64,34532,34534],{"className":66,"code":34533,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,34535,34536,34568],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,34537,34538,34540,34542,34544,34546,34548,34550,34552,34554,34556,34558,34560,34562,34564,34566],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,34539,9672],{"class":216},[73,34541,221],{"class":220},[73,34543,10997],{"class":83},[73,34545,94],{"class":93},[73,34547,646],{"class":97},[73,34549,94],{"class":93},[73,34551,1063],{"class":83},[73,34553,2085],{"class":116},[73,34555,140],{"class":83},[73,34557,224],{"class":93},[73,34559,5274],{"class":97},[73,34561,94],{"class":93},[73,34563,1063],{"class":83},[73,34565,143],{"class":116},[73,34567,9814],{"class":83},[73,34569,34570,34572,34574,34576,34578,34580],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,34571,80],{"class":79},[73,34573,84],{"class":83},[73,34575,9710],{"class":245},[73,34577,653],{"class":83},[73,34579,5871],{"class":245},[73,34581,7704],{"class":83},[20,34583,34584],{},"Not like this:",[64,34586,34588],{"className":66,"code":34587,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,34589,34590,34595,34600],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,34591,34592],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,34593,34594],{"class":769},"# Wrong examples:\n",[73,34596,34597],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,34598,34599],{"class":769},"# data().values()\n",[73,34601,34602],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,34603,34604],{"class":769},"# values(data)\n",[20,34606,3859],{},[64,34608,34610],{"className":66,"code":34609,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34611,34612,34626,34636,34650],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,34613,34614,34616,34618,34620,34622,34624],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,34615,80],{"class":79},[73,34617,84],{"class":83},[73,34619,288],{"class":87},[73,34621,84],{"class":83},[73,34623,11959],{"class":245},[73,34625,102],{"class":83},[73,34627,34628,34630,34632,34634],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,34629,80],{"class":79},[73,34631,84],{"class":83},[73,34633,11959],{"class":245},[73,34635,249],{"class":83},[73,34637,34638,34640,34642,34644,34646,34648],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,34639,80],{"class":79},[73,34641,84],{"class":83},[73,34643,11959],{"class":245},[73,34645,653],{"class":83},[73,34647,5871],{"class":245},[73,34649,7704],{"class":83},[73,34651,34652,34654,34656,34658,34660,34662,34664,34666],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,34653,80],{"class":79},[73,34655,84],{"class":83},[73,34657,8604],{"class":87},[73,34659,84],{"class":83},[73,34661,11959],{"class":245},[73,34663,653],{"class":83},[73,34665,5871],{"class":245},[73,34667,6801],{"class":83},[59,34669,2350],{"id":2349},[403,34671,2387,34673,5658],{"id":34672},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34674,32826],{},[20,34676,17933,34677,34679],{},[15,34678,17548],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[403,34681,2354,34683,24441],{"id":34682},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34684,17582],{},[20,34686,24444,34687,24448],{},[15,34688,34689],{},"list(...)",[403,34691,26566,34693,3023],{"id":34692},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34694,32826],{},[20,34696,34697,34698,26574],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34699,934],{},[403,34701,2354,34703,34705],{"id":34702},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34704,32826],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34707,34708],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[403,34710,34712,34713,34715,34716,3023],{"id":34711},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34714,17582],{}," different from ",[15,34717,17589],{},[20,34719,34720,34722,34723,34725],{},[15,34721,17582],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34724,17589],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[59,34727,2413],{"id":2412},[33,34729,34730,34736,34742,34746,34752,34756],{},[36,34731,34732],{},[646,34733,11244,34734,11248],{"href":17573},[15,34735,17576],{},[36,34737,34738],{},[646,34739,11244,34740,11248],{"href":17586},[15,34741,17589],{},[36,34743,34744],{},[646,34745,11751],{"href":9896},[36,34747,34748],{},[646,34749,34751],{"href":34750},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[36,34753,34754],{},[646,34755,24526],{"href":33675},[36,34757,34758],{},[646,34759,2455,34760],{"href":26189},[15,34761,34762],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2459,34764,34765],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":34767},[34768,34769,34771,34772,34774,34775,34776,34777,34779,34790,34802],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":32996,"depth":105,"text":34770},"What values() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":33066,"depth":105,"text":34773},"What values() returns",{"id":11984,"depth":105,"text":11985},{"id":33545,"depth":105,"text":33546},{"id":33678,"depth":105,"text":33679},{"id":33837,"depth":105,"text":34778},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":5030,"depth":105,"text":5031,"children":34780},[34781,34783,34785,34787,34789],{"id":34052,"depth":122,"text":34782},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":34143,"depth":122,"text":34784},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":34277,"depth":122,"text":34786},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34430,"depth":122,"text":34788},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34526,"depth":122,"text":34527},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":34791},[34792,34794,34796,34798,34800],{"id":34672,"depth":122,"text":34793},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34682,"depth":122,"text":34795},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34692,"depth":122,"text":34797},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34702,"depth":122,"text":34799},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34711,"depth":122,"text":34801},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32814,"description":34803},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34809,"title":34810,"body":34811,"description":36239,"extension":2511,"meta":36240,"navigation":254,"path":36241,"seo":36242,"stem":36243,"__hash__":36244},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34812,"toc":36191},[34813,34819,34824,34827,34843,34852,34854,34886,34892,34895,34990,34993,34998,35003,35006,35017,35019,35033,35039,35041,35046,35052,35055,35094,35102,35107,35110,35155,35158,35170,35176,35182,35186,35217,35220,35238,35241,35245,35284,35286,35306,35309,35321,35326,35332,35335,35390,35393,35404,35407,35418,35421,35425,35431,35433,35463,35466,35481,35484,35487,35506,35509,35525,35534,35536,35567,35573,35578,35581,35588,35619,35622,35644,35647,35650,35664,35668,35699,35714,35721,35728,35732,35740,35744,35752,35755,35804,35815,35817,35820,35826,35831,35841,35845,35848,35851,35855,35858,35860,35881,35885,35891,35902,35908,35910,35915,35939,35942,36005,36008,36036,36039,36101,36103,36108,36111,36118,36126,36133,36136,36144,36150,36152,36179,36188],[10,34814,13,34816,18],{"id":34815},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34817,34818],{},"dir()",[20,34820,22,34821,34823],{},[15,34822,34818],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34825,34826],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[33,34828,34829,34832,34835,34840],{},[36,34830,34831],{},"learning Python",[36,34833,34834],{},"exploring a new object",[36,34836,34837,34838],{},"debugging an ",[15,34839,26182],{},[36,34841,34842],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34844,34845,34846,34848,34849],{},"In short, ",[15,34847,34818],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[1194,34850,34851],{},"“What can I use here?”",[59,34853,62],{"id":61},[64,34855,34857],{"className":66,"code":34856,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34858,34859,34871],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,34860,34861,34863,34865,34867,34869],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,34862,8387],{"class":216},[73,34864,221],{"class":220},[73,34866,224],{"class":93},[73,34868,4357],{"class":97},[73,34870,230],{"class":93},[73,34872,34873,34875,34877,34880,34882,34884],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,34874,80],{"class":79},[73,34876,84],{"class":83},[73,34878,34879],{"class":79},"dir",[73,34881,84],{"class":83},[73,34883,8177],{"class":245},[73,34885,102],{"class":83},[20,34887,171,34888,34891],{},[15,34889,34890],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34893,34894],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[64,34896,34898],{"className":66,"code":34897,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34899,34900],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,34901,34902,34904,34906,34909,34911,34913,34915,34918,34920,34922,34924,34927,34929,34931,34933,34936,34938,34940,34942,34945,34947,34949,34951,34954,34956,34958,34962,34964,34966,34968,34970,34972,34974,34977,34979,34981,34983,34986,34988],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,34903,4410],{"class":83},[73,34905,343],{"class":93},[73,34907,34908],{"class":97},"__add__",[73,34910,343],{"class":93},[73,34912,140],{"class":83},[73,34914,337],{"class":93},[73,34916,34917],{"class":97},"__class__",[73,34919,343],{"class":93},[73,34921,140],{"class":83},[73,34923,337],{"class":93},[73,34925,34926],{"class":97},"__contains__",[73,34928,343],{"class":93},[73,34930,140],{"class":83},[73,34932,337],{"class":93},[73,34934,34935],{"class":97},"__delattr__",[73,34937,343],{"class":93},[73,34939,140],{"class":83},[73,34941,337],{"class":93},[73,34943,34944],{"class":97},"__dir__",[73,34946,343],{"class":93},[73,34948,140],{"class":83},[73,34950,337],{"class":93},[73,34952,34953],{"class":97},"__doc__",[73,34955,343],{"class":93},[73,34957,140],{"class":83},[73,34959,34961],{"class":34960},"s_hVV"," ...",[73,34963,140],{"class":83},[73,34965,337],{"class":93},[73,34967,9148],{"class":97},[73,34969,343],{"class":93},[73,34971,140],{"class":83},[73,34973,337],{"class":93},[73,34975,34976],{"class":97},"split",[73,34978,343],{"class":93},[73,34980,140],{"class":83},[73,34982,337],{"class":93},[73,34984,34985],{"class":97},"upper",[73,34987,343],{"class":93},[73,34989,924],{"class":83},[20,34991,34992],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[59,34994,178,34996,181],{"id":34995},"what-dir-does",[15,34997,34818],{},[20,34999,35000,35002],{},[15,35001,34818],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,35004,35005],{},"It usually includes:",[33,35007,35008,35011,35014],{},[36,35009,35010],{},"attributes",[36,35012,35013],{},"methods",[36,35015,35016],{},"special Python names",[20,35018,11968],{},[33,35020,35021,35027,35030],{},[36,35022,35023,35024],{},"The result is a ",[1194,35025,35026],{},"list of strings",[36,35028,35029],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[36,35031,35032],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,35034,35035,35036,35038],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,35037,34818],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[59,35040,370],{"id":369},[20,35042,35043,35045],{},[15,35044,34818],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[403,35047,35049,35051],{"id":35048},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,35050,34818],{}," with no argument",[20,35053,35054],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[64,35056,35058],{"className":66,"code":35057,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,35059,35060,35068,35080,35084],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,35061,35062,35064,35066],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,35063,3548],{"class":216},[73,35065,221],{"class":220},[73,35067,3119],{"class":116},[73,35069,35070,35072,35074,35076,35078],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,35071,8387],{"class":216},[73,35073,221],{"class":220},[73,35075,224],{"class":93},[73,35077,8186],{"class":97},[73,35079,230],{"class":93},[73,35081,35082],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,35083,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,35085,35086,35088,35090,35092],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,35087,80],{"class":79},[73,35089,84],{"class":83},[73,35091,34879],{"class":79},[73,35093,7704],{"class":83},[20,35095,35096,35097,1647,35099,35101],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,35098,384],{},[15,35100,8177],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[403,35103,35105],{"id":35104},"dirobject",[15,35106,34890],{},[20,35108,35109],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[64,35111,35113],{"className":66,"code":35112,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,35114,35115,35133],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,35116,35117,35119,35121,35123,35125,35127,35129,35131],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,35118,80],{"class":79},[73,35120,84],{"class":83},[73,35122,34879],{"class":79},[73,35124,84],{"class":83},[73,35126,94],{"class":93},[73,35128,4357],{"class":97},[73,35130,94],{"class":93},[73,35132,102],{"class":83},[73,35134,35135,35137,35139,35141,35143,35145,35147,35149,35151,35153],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,35136,80],{"class":79},[73,35138,84],{"class":83},[73,35140,34879],{"class":79},[73,35142,3510],{"class":83},[73,35144,2397],{"class":116},[73,35146,140],{"class":83},[73,35148,143],{"class":116},[73,35150,140],{"class":83},[73,35152,2982],{"class":116},[73,35154,3523],{"class":83},[20,35156,35157],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[33,35159,35160,35162,35164,35167],{},[36,35161,5821],{},[36,35163,5812],{},[36,35165,35166],{},"modules",[36,35168,35169],{},"custom objects",[59,35171,657,35173,35175],{"id":35172},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,35174,34818],{}," with a value",[20,35177,35178,35179,35181],{},"A common use of ",[15,35180,34818],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[403,35183,35185],{"id":35184},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[64,35187,35189],{"className":66,"code":35188,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,35190,35191,35203],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,35192,35193,35195,35197,35199,35201],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,35194,217],{"class":216},[73,35196,221],{"class":220},[73,35198,224],{"class":93},[73,35200,4357],{"class":97},[73,35202,230],{"class":93},[73,35204,35205,35207,35209,35211,35213,35215],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,35206,80],{"class":79},[73,35208,84],{"class":83},[73,35210,34879],{"class":79},[73,35212,84],{"class":83},[73,35214,246],{"class":245},[73,35216,102],{"class":83},[20,35218,35219],{},"You will see method names like:",[33,35221,35222,35226,35230,35234],{},[36,35223,35224],{},[15,35225,9148],{},[36,35227,35228],{},[15,35229,34985],{},[36,35231,35232],{},[15,35233,34976],{},[36,35235,35236],{},[15,35237,9142],{},[20,35239,35240],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[403,35242,35244],{"id":35243},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[64,35246,35248],{"className":66,"code":35247,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,35249,35250,35270],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,35251,35252,35254,35256,35258,35260,35262,35264,35266,35268],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,35253,4134],{"class":216},[73,35255,221],{"class":220},[73,35257,891],{"class":83},[73,35259,2397],{"class":116},[73,35261,140],{"class":83},[73,35263,143],{"class":116},[73,35265,140],{"class":83},[73,35267,2982],{"class":116},[73,35269,924],{"class":83},[73,35271,35272,35274,35276,35278,35280,35282],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,35273,80],{"class":79},[73,35275,84],{"class":83},[73,35277,34879],{"class":79},[73,35279,84],{"class":83},[73,35281,4164],{"class":245},[73,35283,102],{"class":83},[20,35285,35219],{},[33,35287,35288,35292,35296,35301],{},[36,35289,35290],{},[15,35291,14064],{},[36,35293,35294],{},[15,35295,26751],{},[36,35297,35298],{},[15,35299,35300],{},"remove",[36,35302,35303],{},[15,35304,35305],{},"sort",[20,35307,35308],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,35310,35311,35312,35317,35318,35320],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[646,35313,35315],{"href":35314},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,35316,2837],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,35319,34818],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[59,35322,657,35324,35051],{"id":35323},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,35325,34818],{},[20,35327,35328,35329,35331],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,35330,34818],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,35333,35334],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[64,35336,35338],{"className":66,"code":35337,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,35339,35340,35349,35353,35364,35376,35380],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,35341,35342,35344,35346],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,35343,3548],{"class":216},[73,35345,221],{"class":220},[73,35347,35348],{"class":116}," 5\n",[73,35350,35351],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,35352,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,35354,35355,35358,35362],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,35356,35357],{"class":333},"def",[73,35359,35361],{"class":35360},"sGLFI"," greet",[73,35363,22107],{"class":83},[73,35365,35366,35369,35371,35374],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,35367,35368],{"class":933},"    return",[73,35370,224],{"class":93},[73,35372,35373],{"class":97},"Hello",[73,35375,230],{"class":93},[73,35377,35378],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,35379,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,35381,35382,35384,35386,35388],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,35383,80],{"class":79},[73,35385,84],{"class":83},[73,35387,34879],{"class":79},[73,35389,7704],{"class":83},[20,35391,35392],{},"The output will include names like:",[33,35394,35395,35399],{},[36,35396,35397],{},[15,35398,384],{},[36,35400,35401],{},[15,35402,35403],{},"greet",[20,35405,35406],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[33,35408,35409,35412,35415],{},[36,35410,35411],{},"what variables exist",[36,35413,35414],{},"what functions you have defined",[36,35416,35417],{},"what names are currently available",[20,35419,35420],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[59,35422,35424],{"id":35423},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,35426,35427,35428,35430],{},"When you first use ",[15,35429,34818],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,35432,206],{},[64,35434,35435],{"className":66,"code":35188,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,35436,35437,35449],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,35438,35439,35441,35443,35445,35447],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,35440,217],{"class":216},[73,35442,221],{"class":220},[73,35444,224],{"class":93},[73,35446,4357],{"class":97},[73,35448,230],{"class":93},[73,35450,35451,35453,35455,35457,35459,35461],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,35452,80],{"class":79},[73,35454,84],{"class":83},[73,35456,34879],{"class":79},[73,35458,84],{"class":83},[73,35460,246],{"class":245},[73,35462,102],{"class":83},[20,35464,35465],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[33,35467,35468,35472,35476],{},[36,35469,35470],{},[15,35471,34917],{},[36,35473,35474],{},[15,35475,34953],{},[36,35477,35478],{},[15,35479,35480],{},"__len__",[20,35482,35483],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,35485,35486],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[33,35488,35489,35493,35497,35501],{},[36,35490,35491],{},[15,35492,34985],{},[36,35494,35495],{},[15,35496,9148],{},[36,35498,35499],{},[15,35500,34976],{},[36,35502,35503],{},[15,35504,35505],{},"replace",[20,35507,35508],{},"A key point to remember:",[33,35510,35511,35519],{},[36,35512,35513,35515,35516],{},[15,35514,34818],{}," lists ",[1194,35517,35518],{},"names only",[36,35520,35521,35522,35524],{},"it does ",[1194,35523,1196],{}," explain what each name does",[20,35526,35527,35528,653],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[646,35529,35531],{"href":35530},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,35532,35533],{},"help()",[20,35535,5985],{},[64,35537,35539],{"className":66,"code":35538,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35540,35541,35553],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,35542,35543,35545,35547,35549,35551],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,35544,8387],{"class":216},[73,35546,221],{"class":220},[73,35548,224],{"class":93},[73,35550,4357],{"class":97},[73,35552,230],{"class":93},[73,35554,35555,35557,35559,35561,35563,35565],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,35556,32659],{"class":79},[73,35558,84],{"class":83},[73,35560,8177],{"class":245},[73,35562,653],{"class":83},[73,35564,34985],{"class":25260},[73,35566,249],{"class":83},[59,35568,35570,35572],{"id":35569},"dir-on-modules",[15,35571,34818],{}," on modules",[20,35574,16224,35575,35577],{},[15,35576,34818],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,35579,35580],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[403,35582,35584,35585,35587],{"id":35583},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,35586,18929],{}," module",[64,35589,35591],{"className":66,"code":35590,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35592,35593,35601,35605],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,35594,35595,35598],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,35596,35597],{"class":933},"import",[73,35599,35600],{"class":216}," math\n",[73,35602,35603],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,35604,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,35606,35607,35609,35611,35613,35615,35617],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,35608,80],{"class":79},[73,35610,84],{"class":83},[73,35612,34879],{"class":79},[73,35614,84],{"class":83},[73,35616,18929],{"class":245},[73,35618,102],{"class":83},[20,35620,35621],{},"You may see names like:",[33,35623,35624,35629,35634,35639],{},[36,35625,35626],{},[15,35627,35628],{},"sqrt",[36,35630,35631],{},[15,35632,35633],{},"ceil",[36,35635,35636],{},[15,35637,35638],{},"floor",[36,35640,35641],{},[15,35642,35643],{},"pi",[20,35645,35646],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35648,35649],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[33,35651,35652,35658],{},[36,35653,35654],{},[646,35655,35657],{"href":35656},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[36,35659,35660],{},[646,35661,35663],{"href":35662},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[403,35665,35667],{"id":35666},"another-example","Another example",[64,35669,35671],{"className":66,"code":35670,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35672,35673,35680,35684],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,35674,35675,35677],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,35676,35597],{"class":933},[73,35678,35679],{"class":216}," json\n",[73,35681,35682],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,35683,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,35685,35686,35688,35690,35692,35694,35697],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,35687,80],{"class":79},[73,35689,84],{"class":83},[73,35691,34879],{"class":79},[73,35693,84],{"class":83},[73,35695,35696],{"class":245},"json",[73,35698,102],{"class":83},[20,35700,35701,35702,2728,35705,2728,35708,17583,35711,653],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35703,35704],{},"dump",[15,35706,35707],{},"dumps",[15,35709,35710],{},"load",[15,35712,35713],{},"loads",[59,35715,35717,11092,35719],{"id":35716},"dir-vs-help",[15,35718,34818],{},[15,35720,35533],{},[20,35722,35723,1647,35725,35727],{},[15,35724,34818],{},[15,35726,35533],{}," are often used together.",[403,35729,35730],{"id":34879},[15,35731,34818],{},[33,35733,35734,35737],{},[36,35735,35736],{},"shows available names",[36,35738,35739],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[403,35741,35742],{"id":32659},[15,35743,35533],{},[33,35745,35746,35749],{},[36,35747,35748],{},"explains what an object or function does",[36,35750,35751],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35753,35754],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[64,35756,35758],{"className":66,"code":35757,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35759,35760,35772,35776,35790],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,35761,35762,35764,35766,35768,35770],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,35763,8387],{"class":216},[73,35765,221],{"class":220},[73,35767,224],{"class":93},[73,35769,4357],{"class":97},[73,35771,230],{"class":93},[73,35773,35774],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,35775,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,35777,35778,35780,35782,35784,35786,35788],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,35779,80],{"class":79},[73,35781,84],{"class":83},[73,35783,34879],{"class":79},[73,35785,84],{"class":83},[73,35787,8177],{"class":245},[73,35789,102],{"class":83},[73,35791,35792,35794,35796,35798,35800,35802],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,35793,32659],{"class":79},[73,35795,84],{"class":83},[73,35797,8177],{"class":245},[73,35799,653],{"class":83},[73,35801,34985],{"class":25260},[73,35803,249],{"class":83},[20,35805,171,35806,35808,35809,35811,35812,35814],{},[15,35807,34818],{}," first to find a method name.",[10352,35810],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35813,35533],{}," to understand how to use it.",[59,35816,25868],{"id":25867},[20,35818,35819],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[403,35821,35823,35825],{"id":35822},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35824,34818],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35827,35828,35830],{},[15,35829,34818],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35832,35833,35834,35836,35837,35840],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35835,34985],{}," in ",[15,35838,35839],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[403,35842,35844],{"id":35843},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35846,35847],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35849,35850],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[403,35852,35854],{"id":35853},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35856,35857],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35859,5985],{},[33,35861,35862,35867,35873],{},[36,35863,35864,35866],{},[15,35865,35839],{}," shows string-related names",[36,35868,35869,35872],{},[15,35870,35871],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[36,35874,35875,35878,35879,35587],{},[15,35876,35877],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35880,18929],{},[403,35882,35884],{"id":35883},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35886,35887,35888,35890],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35889,34818],{}," does not mean you already know:",[33,35892,35893,35896,35899],{},[36,35894,35895],{},"what it does",[36,35897,35898],{},"what arguments it needs",[36,35900,35901],{},"what it returns",[20,35903,35904,35905,35907],{},"That is why ",[15,35906,35533],{}," is the natural next step.",[59,35909,2102],{"id":2101},[20,35911,28,35912,35914],{},[15,35913,34818],{}," in these situations:",[33,35916,35917,35920,35929,35932],{},[36,35918,35919],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[36,35921,35922,35923,35928],{},"Seeing an ",[646,35924,35926],{"href":35925},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35927,26182],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[36,35930,35931],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[36,35933,657,35934,35936,35937],{},[15,35935,34818],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35938,35533],{},[20,35940,35941],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[64,35943,35945],{"className":66,"code":35944,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35946,35947,35959,35963,35977,35991],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,35948,35949,35951,35953,35955,35957],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,35950,8387],{"class":216},[73,35952,221],{"class":220},[73,35954,224],{"class":93},[73,35956,4357],{"class":97},[73,35958,230],{"class":93},[73,35960,35961],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,35962,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,35964,35965,35967,35969,35971,35973,35975],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,35966,80],{"class":79},[73,35968,84],{"class":83},[73,35970,288],{"class":87},[73,35972,84],{"class":83},[73,35974,8177],{"class":245},[73,35976,102],{"class":83},[73,35978,35979,35981,35983,35985,35987,35989],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,35980,80],{"class":79},[73,35982,84],{"class":83},[73,35984,34879],{"class":79},[73,35986,84],{"class":83},[73,35988,8177],{"class":245},[73,35990,102],{"class":83},[73,35992,35993,35995,35997,35999,36001,36003],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,35994,32659],{"class":79},[73,35996,84],{"class":83},[73,35998,8177],{"class":245},[73,36000,653],{"class":83},[73,36002,34985],{"class":25260},[73,36004,249],{"class":83},[20,36006,36007],{},"And for modules:",[64,36009,36010],{"className":66,"code":35590,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,36011,36012,36018,36022],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,36013,36014,36016],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,36015,35597],{"class":933},[73,36017,35600],{"class":216},[73,36019,36020],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,36021,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,36023,36024,36026,36028,36030,36032,36034],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,36025,80],{"class":79},[73,36027,84],{"class":83},[73,36029,34879],{"class":79},[73,36031,84],{"class":83},[73,36033,18929],{"class":245},[73,36035,102],{"class":83},[20,36037,36038],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[64,36040,36042],{"className":66,"code":36041,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,36043,36044,36049,36061,36071,36085,36091],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,36045,36046],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,36047,36048],{"class":216},"python\n",[73,36050,36051,36053,36055,36057,36059],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,36052,8387],{"class":216},[73,36054,221],{"class":220},[73,36056,224],{"class":93},[73,36058,4357],{"class":97},[73,36060,230],{"class":93},[73,36062,36063,36065,36067,36069],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,36064,34879],{"class":79},[73,36066,84],{"class":83},[73,36068,8177],{"class":245},[73,36070,249],{"class":83},[73,36072,36073,36075,36077,36079,36081,36083],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,36074,32659],{"class":79},[73,36076,84],{"class":83},[73,36078,8177],{"class":245},[73,36080,653],{"class":83},[73,36082,34985],{"class":25260},[73,36084,249],{"class":83},[73,36086,36087,36089],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,36088,35597],{"class":933},[73,36090,35600],{"class":216},[73,36092,36093,36095,36097,36099],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,36094,34879],{"class":79},[73,36096,84],{"class":83},[73,36098,18929],{"class":245},[73,36100,249],{"class":83},[59,36102,2350],{"id":2349},[403,36104,2387,36106,5658],{"id":36105},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,36107,34818],{},[20,36109,36110],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[403,36112,5691,36114,1647,36116,3023],{"id":36113},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,36115,34818],{},[15,36117,35533],{},[20,36119,36120,36122,36123,36125],{},[15,36121,34818],{}," lists available names. ",[15,36124,35533],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[403,36127,36129,36130,36132],{"id":36128},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,36131,34818],{}," output?",[20,36134,36135],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[403,36137,5681,36139,36141,36142,3023],{"id":36138},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,36140,34818],{}," help fix ",[15,36143,26182],{},[20,36145,36146,36147,653],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[646,36148,36149],{"href":35925},"object has no attribute",[59,36151,2413],{"id":2412},[33,36153,36154,36160,36165,36169,36173],{},[36,36155,36156],{},[646,36157,13,36158,2422],{"href":35530},[15,36159,35533],{},[36,36161,36162],{},[646,36163,36164],{"href":35925},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[36,36166,36167],{},[646,36168,35657],{"href":35656},[36,36170,36171],{},[646,36172,35663],{"href":35662},[36,36174,36175],{},[646,36176,13,36177,2422],{"href":35314},[15,36178,2837],{},[20,36180,36181,36182,36184,36185,36187],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,36183,34818],{}," together with ",[15,36186,35533],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2459,36189,36190],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":36192},[36193,36194,36196,36201,36206,36208,36209,36215,36220,36227,36228,36238],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":34995,"depth":105,"text":36195},"What dir() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370,"children":36197},[36198,36200],{"id":35048,"depth":122,"text":36199},"dir() with no argument",{"id":35104,"depth":122,"text":34890},{"id":35172,"depth":105,"text":36202,"children":36203},"Using dir() with a value",[36204,36205],{"id":35184,"depth":122,"text":35185},{"id":35243,"depth":122,"text":35244},{"id":35323,"depth":105,"text":36207},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35423,"depth":105,"text":35424},{"id":35569,"depth":105,"text":36210,"children":36211},"dir() on modules",[36212,36214],{"id":35583,"depth":122,"text":36213},"Example: math module",{"id":35666,"depth":122,"text":35667},{"id":35716,"depth":105,"text":36216,"children":36217},"dir() vs help()",[36218,36219],{"id":34879,"depth":122,"text":34818},{"id":32659,"depth":122,"text":35533},{"id":25867,"depth":105,"text":25868,"children":36221},[36222,36224,36225,36226],{"id":35822,"depth":122,"text":36223},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35843,"depth":122,"text":35844},{"id":35853,"depth":122,"text":35854},{"id":35883,"depth":122,"text":35884},{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":36229},[36230,36232,36234,36236],{"id":36105,"depth":122,"text":36231},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":36113,"depth":122,"text":36233},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":36128,"depth":122,"text":36235},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":36138,"depth":122,"text":36237},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34810,"description":36239},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":36246,"title":36247,"body":36248,"description":38066,"extension":2511,"meta":38067,"navigation":254,"path":38068,"seo":38069,"stem":38070,"__hash__":38071},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":36249,"toc":38035},[36250,36256,36261,36264,36272,36278,36280,36360,36362,36388,36393,36398,36403,36406,36417,36420,36422,36501,36503,36529,36536,36538,36540,36565,36568,36581,36586,36588,36669,36671,36697,36706,36711,36719,36725,36732,36735,36737,36816,36819,36876,36878,36915,36921,36926,36931,36934,36948,36950,37053,37055,37098,37107,37117,37123,37129,37136,37219,37221,37244,37247,37250,37252,37256,37260,37263,37326,37349,37352,37356,37362,37364,37431,37434,37511,37516,37522,37525,37528,37574,37576,37600,37605,37609,37614,37620,37683,37686,37688,37691,37716,37719,37854,37856,37956,37958,37963,37966,37972,37982,37990,37995,38001,38007,38009,38032],[10,36251,13,36253,18],{"id":36252},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,36254,36255],{},"enumerate()",[20,36257,36258,36260],{},[15,36259,36255],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,36262,36263],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[33,36265,36266,36269],{},[36,36267,36268],{},"the item itself",[36,36270,36271],{},"its index in the loop",[20,36273,36274,36275,36277],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,36276,36255],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[59,36279,62],{"id":61},[64,36281,36283],{"className":66,"code":36282,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36284,36285,36317,36321,36344],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,36286,36287,36289,36291,36293,36295,36297,36299,36301,36303,36305,36307,36309,36311,36313,36315],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,36288,13586],{"class":216},[73,36290,221],{"class":220},[73,36292,891],{"class":83},[73,36294,94],{"class":93},[73,36296,13603],{"class":97},[73,36298,94],{"class":93},[73,36300,140],{"class":83},[73,36302,224],{"class":93},[73,36304,17967],{"class":97},[73,36306,94],{"class":93},[73,36308,140],{"class":83},[73,36310,224],{"class":93},[73,36312,13620],{"class":97},[73,36314,94],{"class":93},[73,36316,924],{"class":83},[73,36318,36319],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,36320,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,36322,36323,36325,36328,36330,36333,36335,36338,36340,36342],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,36324,934],{"class":933},[73,36326,36327],{"class":216}," index",[73,36329,140],{"class":83},[73,36331,36332],{"class":216}," color ",[73,36334,940],{"class":933},[73,36336,36337],{"class":79}," enumerate",[73,36339,84],{"class":83},[73,36341,18014],{"class":245},[73,36343,8851],{"class":83},[73,36345,36346,36348,36350,36353,36355,36358],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,36347,1676],{"class":79},[73,36349,84],{"class":83},[73,36351,36352],{"class":245},"index",[73,36354,140],{"class":83},[73,36356,36357],{"class":245}," color",[73,36359,249],{"class":83},[20,36361,148],{},[64,36363,36365],{"className":66,"code":36364,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,36366,36367,36374,36381],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,36368,36369,36371],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,36370,806],{"class":116},[73,36372,36373],{"class":216}," red\n",[73,36375,36376,36378],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,36377,2397],{"class":116},[73,36379,36380],{"class":216}," green\n",[73,36382,36383,36385],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,36384,530],{"class":116},[73,36386,36387],{"class":216}," blue\n",[20,36389,171,36390,36392],{},[15,36391,36255],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[59,36394,178,36396,181],{"id":36395},"what-enumerate-does",[15,36397,36255],{},[20,36399,36400,36402],{},[15,36401,36255],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,36404,36405],{},"It is commonly used with:",[33,36407,36408,36410,36412,36414],{},[36,36409,5812],{},[36,36411,5815],{},[36,36413,5821],{},[36,36415,36416],{},"other iterable objects",[20,36418,36419],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,36421,206],{},[64,36423,36425],{"className":66,"code":36424,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,36426,36427,36461,36465,36486],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,36428,36429,36431,36433,36435,36437,36439,36441,36443,36445,36448,36450,36452,36454,36457,36459],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,36430,5508],{"class":216},[73,36432,221],{"class":220},[73,36434,891],{"class":83},[73,36436,94],{"class":93},[73,36438,13391],{"class":97},[73,36440,94],{"class":93},[73,36442,140],{"class":83},[73,36444,224],{"class":93},[73,36446,36447],{"class":97},"Ben",[73,36449,94],{"class":93},[73,36451,140],{"class":83},[73,36453,224],{"class":93},[73,36455,36456],{"class":97},"Cara",[73,36458,94],{"class":93},[73,36460,924],{"class":83},[73,36462,36463],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,36464,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,36466,36467,36469,36471,36473,36476,36478,36480,36482,36484],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,36468,934],{"class":933},[73,36470,36327],{"class":216},[73,36472,140],{"class":83},[73,36474,36475],{"class":216}," name ",[73,36477,940],{"class":933},[73,36479,36337],{"class":79},[73,36481,84],{"class":83},[73,36483,5552],{"class":245},[73,36485,8851],{"class":83},[73,36487,36488,36490,36492,36494,36496,36499],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,36489,1676],{"class":79},[73,36491,84],{"class":83},[73,36493,36352],{"class":245},[73,36495,140],{"class":83},[73,36497,36498],{"class":245}," name",[73,36500,249],{"class":83},[20,36502,148],{},[64,36504,36506],{"className":66,"code":36505,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,36507,36508,36515,36522],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,36509,36510,36512],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,36511,806],{"class":116},[73,36513,36514],{"class":216}," Ana\n",[73,36516,36517,36519],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,36518,2397],{"class":116},[73,36520,36521],{"class":216}," Ben\n",[73,36523,36524,36526],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,36525,530],{"class":116},[73,36527,36528],{"class":216}," Cara\n",[20,36530,36531,36532,653],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[646,36533,36535],{"href":36534},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[59,36537,370],{"id":369},[20,36539,2700],{},[64,36541,36543],{"className":66,"code":36542,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,36544,36545],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,36546,36547,36550,36552,36554,36556,36559,36561,36563],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,36548,36549],{"class":79},"enumerate",[73,36551,84],{"class":83},[73,36553,4235],{"class":245},[73,36555,140],{"class":83},[73,36557,36558],{"class":9682}," start",[73,36560,221],{"class":220},[73,36562,806],{"class":116},[73,36564,249],{"class":83},[20,36566,36567],{},"It has two parts:",[33,36569,36570,36575],{},[36,36571,36572,36574],{},[15,36573,4235],{},": the object you want to loop through",[36,36576,36577,36580],{},[15,36578,36579],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,36582,36583,36584,653],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,36585,806],{},[20,36587,206],{},[64,36589,36591],{"className":66,"code":36590,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36592,36593,36626,36630,36653],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,36594,36595,36598,36600,36602,36604,36606,36608,36610,36612,36614,36616,36618,36620,36622,36624],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,36596,36597],{"class":216},"letters ",[73,36599,221],{"class":220},[73,36601,891],{"class":83},[73,36603,94],{"class":93},[73,36605,646],{"class":97},[73,36607,94],{"class":93},[73,36609,140],{"class":83},[73,36611,224],{"class":93},[73,36613,5274],{"class":97},[73,36615,94],{"class":93},[73,36617,140],{"class":83},[73,36619,224],{"class":93},[73,36621,10245],{"class":97},[73,36623,94],{"class":93},[73,36625,924],{"class":83},[73,36627,36628],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,36629,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,36631,36632,36634,36637,36639,36642,36644,36646,36648,36651],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,36633,934],{"class":933},[73,36635,36636],{"class":216}," i",[73,36638,140],{"class":83},[73,36640,36641],{"class":216}," letter ",[73,36643,940],{"class":933},[73,36645,36337],{"class":79},[73,36647,84],{"class":83},[73,36649,36650],{"class":245},"letters",[73,36652,8851],{"class":83},[73,36654,36655,36657,36659,36662,36664,36667],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,36656,1676],{"class":79},[73,36658,84],{"class":83},[73,36660,36661],{"class":245},"i",[73,36663,140],{"class":83},[73,36665,36666],{"class":245}," letter",[73,36668,249],{"class":83},[20,36670,148],{},[64,36672,36674],{"className":66,"code":36673,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36675,36676,36683,36690],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,36677,36678,36680],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,36679,806],{"class":116},[73,36681,36682],{"class":216}," a\n",[73,36684,36685,36687],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,36686,2397],{"class":116},[73,36688,36689],{"class":216}," b\n",[73,36691,36692,36694],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,36693,530],{"class":116},[73,36695,36696],{"class":216}," c\n",[20,36698,36699,36700,653],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[646,36701,13,36703,2422],{"href":36702},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36704,36705],{},"range()",[59,36707,178,36709,12216],{"id":36708},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36710,36255],{},[20,36712,36713,36715,36716,653],{},[15,36714,36255],{}," returns an ",[1194,36717,36718],{},"enumerate object",[20,36720,36721,36722,36724],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36723,934],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[33,36726,36727],{},[36,36728,36729],{},[15,36730,36731],{},"(index, item)",[20,36733,36734],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36736,206],{},[64,36738,36740],{"className":66,"code":36739,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36741,36742,36775,36779,36801],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,36743,36744,36747,36749,36751,36753,36755,36757,36759,36761,36763,36765,36767,36769,36771,36773],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,36745,36746],{"class":216},"fruits ",[73,36748,221],{"class":220},[73,36750,891],{"class":83},[73,36752,94],{"class":93},[73,36754,4590],{"class":97},[73,36756,94],{"class":93},[73,36758,140],{"class":83},[73,36760,224],{"class":93},[73,36762,4599],{"class":97},[73,36764,94],{"class":93},[73,36766,140],{"class":83},[73,36768,224],{"class":93},[73,36770,33727],{"class":97},[73,36772,94],{"class":93},[73,36774,924],{"class":83},[73,36776,36777],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,36778,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,36780,36781,36783,36785,36787,36790,36792,36794,36796,36799],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,36782,934],{"class":933},[73,36784,36327],{"class":216},[73,36786,140],{"class":83},[73,36788,36789],{"class":216}," fruit ",[73,36791,940],{"class":933},[73,36793,36337],{"class":79},[73,36795,84],{"class":83},[73,36797,36798],{"class":245},"fruits",[73,36800,8851],{"class":83},[73,36802,36803,36805,36807,36809,36811,36814],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,36804,1676],{"class":79},[73,36806,84],{"class":83},[73,36808,36352],{"class":245},[73,36810,140],{"class":83},[73,36812,36813],{"class":245}," fruit",[73,36815,249],{"class":83},[20,36817,36818],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[64,36820,36822],{"className":66,"code":36821,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36823,36824,36844,36848,36866],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,36825,36826,36828,36830,36832,36834,36836,36838,36840,36842],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,36827,4134],{"class":216},[73,36829,221],{"class":220},[73,36831,891],{"class":83},[73,36833,452],{"class":116},[73,36835,140],{"class":83},[73,36837,8300],{"class":116},[73,36839,140],{"class":83},[73,36841,8305],{"class":116},[73,36843,924],{"class":83},[73,36845,36846],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,36847,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,36849,36850,36852,36854,36856,36858,36860,36862,36864],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,36851,2766],{"class":216},[73,36853,221],{"class":220},[73,36855,23069],{"class":87},[73,36857,84],{"class":83},[73,36859,36549],{"class":79},[73,36861,84],{"class":83},[73,36863,4164],{"class":245},[73,36865,102],{"class":83},[73,36867,36868,36870,36872,36874],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,36869,80],{"class":79},[73,36871,84],{"class":83},[73,36873,2800],{"class":245},[73,36875,249],{"class":83},[20,36877,148],{},[64,36879,36881],{"className":66,"code":36880,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36882,36883],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,36884,36885,36887,36889,36891,36893,36895,36897,36899,36901,36903,36905,36907,36909,36911,36913],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,36886,22251],{"class":83},[73,36888,806],{"class":116},[73,36890,140],{"class":83},[73,36892,6516],{"class":116},[73,36894,9739],{"class":83},[73,36896,9742],{"class":83},[73,36898,2397],{"class":116},[73,36900,140],{"class":83},[73,36902,8300],{"class":116},[73,36904,9739],{"class":83},[73,36906,9742],{"class":83},[73,36908,530],{"class":116},[73,36910,140],{"class":83},[73,36912,8305],{"class":116},[73,36914,9755],{"class":83},[20,36916,36917,36918,36920],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36919,36255],{}," produces.",[59,36922,1999,36924],{"id":36923},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36925,36255],{},[20,36927,171,36928,36930],{},[15,36929,36255],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36932,36933],{},"Common cases:",[33,36935,36936,36939,36942,36945],{},[36,36937,36938],{},"printing numbered output",[36,36940,36941],{},"building menus",[36,36943,36944],{},"showing positions in a list",[36,36946,36947],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36949,206],{},[64,36951,36953],{"className":66,"code":36952,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36954,36955,36990,36994,37024],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,36956,36957,36959,36961,36963,36965,36968,36970,36972,36974,36977,36979,36981,36983,36986,36988],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,36958,30404],{"class":216},[73,36960,221],{"class":220},[73,36962,891],{"class":83},[73,36964,94],{"class":93},[73,36966,36967],{"class":97},"Wash dishes",[73,36969,94],{"class":93},[73,36971,140],{"class":83},[73,36973,224],{"class":93},[73,36975,36976],{"class":97},"Study Python",[73,36978,94],{"class":93},[73,36980,140],{"class":83},[73,36982,224],{"class":93},[73,36984,36985],{"class":97},"Go for a walk",[73,36987,94],{"class":93},[73,36989,924],{"class":83},[73,36991,36992],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,36993,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,36995,36996,36998,37000,37002,37005,37007,37009,37011,37014,37016,37018,37020,37022],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,36997,934],{"class":933},[73,36999,2735],{"class":216},[73,37001,140],{"class":83},[73,37003,37004],{"class":216}," task ",[73,37006,940],{"class":933},[73,37008,36337],{"class":79},[73,37010,84],{"class":83},[73,37012,37013],{"class":245},"tasks",[73,37015,140],{"class":83},[73,37017,36558],{"class":9682},[73,37019,221],{"class":220},[73,37021,2397],{"class":116},[73,37023,8851],{"class":83},[73,37025,37026,37028,37030,37032,37034,37036,37038,37040,37042,37044,37047,37049,37051],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,37027,1676],{"class":79},[73,37029,84],{"class":83},[73,37031,994],{"class":333},[73,37033,94],{"class":97},[73,37035,999],{"class":116},[73,37037,276],{"class":245},[73,37039,1007],{"class":116},[73,37041,2398],{"class":97},[73,37043,999],{"class":116},[73,37045,37046],{"class":245},"task",[73,37048,1007],{"class":116},[73,37050,94],{"class":97},[73,37052,249],{"class":83},[20,37054,148],{},[64,37056,37058],{"className":66,"code":37057,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,37059,37060,37072,37084],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,37061,37062,37064,37066,37069],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,37063,2397],{"class":116},[73,37065,653],{"class":83},[73,37067,37068],{"class":25260}," Wash",[73,37070,37071],{"class":216}," dishes\n",[73,37073,37074,37076,37078,37081],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,37075,530],{"class":116},[73,37077,653],{"class":83},[73,37079,37080],{"class":25260}," Study",[73,37082,37083],{"class":216}," Python\n",[73,37085,37086,37088,37090,37093,37095],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,37087,1304],{"class":116},[73,37089,653],{"class":83},[73,37091,37092],{"class":25260}," Go",[73,37094,4388],{"class":933},[73,37096,37097],{"class":216}," a walk\n",[20,37099,37100,37101,37103,37104,653],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,37102,36255],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,37105,37106],{},"range(len(...))",[20,37108,37109,37110,653],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[646,37111,37113,37114,37116],{"href":37112},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,37115,36255],{}," in Python",[59,37118,37120,37121,2029],{"id":37119},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,37122,36579],{},[20,37124,37125,37126,37128],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,37127,36579],{}," argument.",[20,37130,37131,37132,11600,37134,1063],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,37133,2397],{},[15,37135,806],{},[64,37137,37139],{"className":66,"code":37138,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,37140,37141,37173,37177,37205],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,37142,37143,37145,37147,37149,37151,37153,37155,37157,37159,37161,37163,37165,37167,37169,37171],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,37144,13586],{"class":216},[73,37146,221],{"class":220},[73,37148,891],{"class":83},[73,37150,94],{"class":93},[73,37152,13603],{"class":97},[73,37154,94],{"class":93},[73,37156,140],{"class":83},[73,37158,224],{"class":93},[73,37160,17967],{"class":97},[73,37162,94],{"class":93},[73,37164,140],{"class":83},[73,37166,224],{"class":93},[73,37168,13620],{"class":97},[73,37170,94],{"class":93},[73,37172,924],{"class":83},[73,37174,37175],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,37176,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,37178,37179,37181,37183,37185,37187,37189,37191,37193,37195,37197,37199,37201,37203],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,37180,934],{"class":933},[73,37182,36327],{"class":216},[73,37184,140],{"class":83},[73,37186,36332],{"class":216},[73,37188,940],{"class":933},[73,37190,36337],{"class":79},[73,37192,84],{"class":83},[73,37194,18014],{"class":245},[73,37196,140],{"class":83},[73,37198,36558],{"class":9682},[73,37200,221],{"class":220},[73,37202,2397],{"class":116},[73,37204,8851],{"class":83},[73,37206,37207,37209,37211,37213,37215,37217],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,37208,1676],{"class":79},[73,37210,84],{"class":83},[73,37212,36352],{"class":245},[73,37214,140],{"class":83},[73,37216,36357],{"class":245},[73,37218,249],{"class":83},[20,37220,148],{},[64,37222,37224],{"className":66,"code":37223,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,37225,37226,37232,37238],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,37227,37228,37230],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,37229,2397],{"class":116},[73,37231,36373],{"class":216},[73,37233,37234,37236],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,37235,530],{"class":116},[73,37237,36380],{"class":216},[73,37239,37240,37242],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,37241,1304],{"class":116},[73,37243,36387],{"class":216},[20,37245,37246],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,37248,37249],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[59,37251,25868],{"id":25867},[20,37253,25871,37254,653],{},[15,37255,36255],{},[403,37257,37259],{"id":37258},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,37261,37262],{},"In this loop:",[64,37264,37266],{"className":66,"code":37265,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,37267,37268,37288,37292,37312],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,37269,37270,37272,37274,37276,37278,37280,37282,37284,37286],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,37271,4134],{"class":216},[73,37273,221],{"class":220},[73,37275,891],{"class":83},[73,37277,452],{"class":116},[73,37279,140],{"class":83},[73,37281,8300],{"class":116},[73,37283,140],{"class":83},[73,37285,8305],{"class":116},[73,37287,924],{"class":83},[73,37289,37290],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,37291,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,37293,37294,37296,37298,37300,37302,37304,37306,37308,37310],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,37295,934],{"class":933},[73,37297,36327],{"class":216},[73,37299,140],{"class":83},[73,37301,937],{"class":216},[73,37303,940],{"class":933},[73,37305,36337],{"class":79},[73,37307,84],{"class":83},[73,37309,4164],{"class":245},[73,37311,8851],{"class":83},[73,37313,37314,37316,37318,37320,37322,37324],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,37315,1676],{"class":79},[73,37317,84],{"class":83},[73,37319,36352],{"class":245},[73,37321,140],{"class":83},[73,37323,8942],{"class":245},[73,37325,249],{"class":83},[33,37327,37328,37338],{},[36,37329,37330,5297,37332,2728,37334,2728,37336],{},[15,37331,36352],{},[15,37333,806],{},[15,37335,2397],{},[15,37337,530],{},[36,37339,37340,5297,37342,2728,37344,2728,37346],{},[15,37341,967],{},[15,37343,452],{},[15,37345,16264],{},[15,37347,37348],{},"30",[20,37350,37351],{},"These are different things.",[403,37353,37355],{"id":37354},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,37357,37358,37359,37361],{},"Each item from ",[15,37360,36255],{}," is a pair.",[20,37363,7197],{},[64,37365,37367],{"className":66,"code":37366,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,37368,37369,37393,37397,37417],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,37370,37371,37373,37375,37377,37379,37381,37383,37385,37387,37389,37391],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,37372,8289],{"class":216},[73,37374,221],{"class":220},[73,37376,891],{"class":83},[73,37378,94],{"class":93},[73,37380,384],{"class":97},[73,37382,94],{"class":93},[73,37384,140],{"class":83},[73,37386,224],{"class":93},[73,37388,12256],{"class":97},[73,37390,94],{"class":93},[73,37392,924],{"class":83},[73,37394,37395],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,37396,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,37398,37399,37401,37403,37405,37407,37409,37411,37413,37415],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,37400,934],{"class":933},[73,37402,36636],{"class":216},[73,37404,140],{"class":83},[73,37406,6472],{"class":216},[73,37408,940],{"class":933},[73,37410,36337],{"class":79},[73,37412,84],{"class":83},[73,37414,8320],{"class":245},[73,37416,8851],{"class":83},[73,37418,37419,37421,37423,37425,37427,37429],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,37420,1676],{"class":79},[73,37422,84],{"class":83},[73,37424,36661],{"class":245},[73,37426,140],{"class":83},[73,37428,30016],{"class":245},[73,37430,249],{"class":83},[20,37432,37433],{},"But this causes an error:",[64,37435,37437],{"className":66,"code":37436,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,37438,37439,37463,37467,37492],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,37440,37441,37443,37445,37447,37449,37451,37453,37455,37457,37459,37461],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,37442,8289],{"class":216},[73,37444,221],{"class":220},[73,37446,891],{"class":83},[73,37448,94],{"class":93},[73,37450,384],{"class":97},[73,37452,94],{"class":93},[73,37454,140],{"class":83},[73,37456,224],{"class":93},[73,37458,12256],{"class":97},[73,37460,94],{"class":93},[73,37462,924],{"class":83},[73,37464,37465],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,37466,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,37468,37469,37471,37473,37475,37477,37479,37482,37484,37486,37488,37490],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,37470,934],{"class":933},[73,37472,36636],{"class":216},[73,37474,140],{"class":83},[73,37476,30016],{"class":216},[73,37478,140],{"class":83},[73,37480,37481],{"class":216}," extra ",[73,37483,940],{"class":933},[73,37485,36337],{"class":79},[73,37487,84],{"class":83},[73,37489,8320],{"class":245},[73,37491,8851],{"class":83},[73,37493,37494,37496,37498,37500,37502,37504,37506,37509],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,37495,1676],{"class":79},[73,37497,84],{"class":83},[73,37499,36661],{"class":245},[73,37501,140],{"class":83},[73,37503,30016],{"class":245},[73,37505,140],{"class":83},[73,37507,37508],{"class":245}," extra",[73,37510,249],{"class":83},[20,37512,2374,37513,37515],{},[15,37514,36255],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[403,37517,37519,37521],{"id":37518},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,37520,36255],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,37523,37524],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,37526,37527],{},"Example with a string:",[64,37529,37531],{"className":66,"code":37530,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,37532,37533,37559],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,37534,37535,37537,37539,37541,37544,37546,37548,37550,37552,37555,37557],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,37536,934],{"class":933},[73,37538,36327],{"class":216},[73,37540,140],{"class":83},[73,37542,37543],{"class":216}," char ",[73,37545,940],{"class":933},[73,37547,36337],{"class":79},[73,37549,84],{"class":83},[73,37551,94],{"class":93},[73,37553,37554],{"class":97},"cat",[73,37556,94],{"class":93},[73,37558,8851],{"class":83},[73,37560,37561,37563,37565,37567,37569,37572],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,37562,1676],{"class":79},[73,37564,84],{"class":83},[73,37566,36352],{"class":245},[73,37568,140],{"class":83},[73,37570,37571],{"class":245}," char",[73,37573,249],{"class":83},[20,37575,148],{},[64,37577,37579],{"className":66,"code":37578,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,37580,37581,37587,37593],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,37582,37583,37585],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,37584,806],{"class":116},[73,37586,36696],{"class":216},[73,37588,37589,37591],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,37590,2397],{"class":116},[73,37592,36682],{"class":216},[73,37594,37595,37597],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,37596,530],{"class":116},[73,37598,37599],{"class":216}," t\n",[20,37601,37602,37603,653],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[646,37604,5650],{"href":6099},[403,37606,37608],{"id":37607},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37610,37611,37612,653],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37613,36255],{},[20,37615,37616,37617,37619],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37618,934],{}," loop:",[64,37621,37623],{"className":66,"code":37622,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37624,37625,37657,37661,37673],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,37626,37627,37629,37631,37633,37635,37637,37639,37641,37643,37645,37647,37649,37651,37653,37655],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,37628,13586],{"class":216},[73,37630,221],{"class":220},[73,37632,891],{"class":83},[73,37634,94],{"class":93},[73,37636,13603],{"class":97},[73,37638,94],{"class":93},[73,37640,140],{"class":83},[73,37642,224],{"class":93},[73,37644,17967],{"class":97},[73,37646,94],{"class":93},[73,37648,140],{"class":83},[73,37650,224],{"class":93},[73,37652,13620],{"class":97},[73,37654,94],{"class":93},[73,37656,924],{"class":83},[73,37658,37659],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,37660,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,37662,37663,37665,37667,37669,37671],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,37664,934],{"class":933},[73,37666,36332],{"class":216},[73,37668,940],{"class":933},[73,37670,13634],{"class":216},[73,37672,946],{"class":83},[73,37674,37675,37677,37679,37681],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,37676,1676],{"class":79},[73,37678,84],{"class":83},[73,37680,33397],{"class":245},[73,37682,249],{"class":83},[20,37684,37685],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[59,37687,2102],{"id":2101},[20,37689,37690],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[33,37692,37693,37698,37704,37709],{},[36,37694,23610,37695,37697],{},[15,37696,36255],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[36,37699,37700,37701,37703],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37702,806],{}," by default",[36,37705,657,37706,37708],{},[15,37707,36255],{}," when only values are needed",[36,37710,37711,37712,9213,37714],{},"Confusing ",[15,37713,36255],{},[15,37715,36705],{},[20,37717,37718],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[64,37720,37722],{"className":66,"code":37721,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37723,37724,37746,37773,37807,37840],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,37725,37726,37728,37730,37732,37734,37736,37738,37740,37742,37744],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,37727,80],{"class":79},[73,37729,84],{"class":83},[73,37731,36549],{"class":79},[73,37733,3510],{"class":83},[73,37735,452],{"class":116},[73,37737,140],{"class":83},[73,37739,8300],{"class":116},[73,37741,140],{"class":83},[73,37743,8305],{"class":116},[73,37745,3523],{"class":83},[73,37747,37748,37750,37752,37754,37756,37758,37760,37762,37764,37766,37768,37770],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,37749,80],{"class":79},[73,37751,84],{"class":83},[73,37753,8604],{"class":87},[73,37755,84],{"class":83},[73,37757,36549],{"class":79},[73,37759,3510],{"class":83},[73,37761,452],{"class":116},[73,37763,140],{"class":83},[73,37765,8300],{"class":116},[73,37767,140],{"class":83},[73,37769,8305],{"class":116},[73,37771,37772],{"class":83},"])))\n",[73,37774,37775,37777,37779,37781,37783,37785,37787,37789,37791,37793,37795,37797,37799,37801,37803,37805],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,37776,80],{"class":79},[73,37778,84],{"class":83},[73,37780,8604],{"class":87},[73,37782,84],{"class":83},[73,37784,36549],{"class":79},[73,37786,3510],{"class":83},[73,37788,452],{"class":116},[73,37790,140],{"class":83},[73,37792,8300],{"class":116},[73,37794,140],{"class":83},[73,37796,8305],{"class":116},[73,37798,18574],{"class":83},[73,37800,36558],{"class":9682},[73,37802,221],{"class":220},[73,37804,2397],{"class":116},[73,37806,1784],{"class":83},[73,37808,37809,37811,37813,37815,37817,37819,37821,37823,37825,37827,37829,37831,37833,37835,37837],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,37810,934],{"class":933},[73,37812,36636],{"class":216},[73,37814,140],{"class":83},[73,37816,937],{"class":216},[73,37818,940],{"class":933},[73,37820,36337],{"class":79},[73,37822,3510],{"class":83},[73,37824,343],{"class":93},[73,37826,646],{"class":97},[73,37828,343],{"class":93},[73,37830,140],{"class":83},[73,37832,337],{"class":93},[73,37834,5274],{"class":97},[73,37836,343],{"class":93},[73,37838,37839],{"class":83},"]):\n",[73,37841,37842,37844,37846,37848,37850,37852],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,37843,1676],{"class":79},[73,37845,84],{"class":83},[73,37847,36661],{"class":245},[73,37849,140],{"class":83},[73,37851,8942],{"class":245},[73,37853,249],{"class":83},[20,37855,17469],{},[64,37857,37859],{"className":66,"code":37858,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37860,37861,37880,37912,37944,37950],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,37862,37863,37865,37867,37869,37872,37875,37878],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,37864,330],{"class":220},[73,37866,36549],{"class":79},[73,37868,25127],{"class":87},[73,37870,37871],{"class":216}," at ",[73,37873,37874],{"class":1041},"0x",[73,37876,37877],{"class":34960},"...",[73,37879,346],{"class":220},[73,37881,37882,37884,37886,37888,37890,37892,37894,37896,37898,37900,37902,37904,37906,37908,37910],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,37883,22251],{"class":83},[73,37885,806],{"class":116},[73,37887,140],{"class":83},[73,37889,6516],{"class":116},[73,37891,9739],{"class":83},[73,37893,9742],{"class":83},[73,37895,2397],{"class":116},[73,37897,140],{"class":83},[73,37899,8300],{"class":116},[73,37901,9739],{"class":83},[73,37903,9742],{"class":83},[73,37905,530],{"class":116},[73,37907,140],{"class":83},[73,37909,8305],{"class":116},[73,37911,9755],{"class":83},[73,37913,37914,37916,37918,37920,37922,37924,37926,37928,37930,37932,37934,37936,37938,37940,37942],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,37915,22251],{"class":83},[73,37917,2397],{"class":116},[73,37919,140],{"class":83},[73,37921,6516],{"class":116},[73,37923,9739],{"class":83},[73,37925,9742],{"class":83},[73,37927,530],{"class":116},[73,37929,140],{"class":83},[73,37931,8300],{"class":116},[73,37933,9739],{"class":83},[73,37935,9742],{"class":83},[73,37937,1304],{"class":116},[73,37939,140],{"class":83},[73,37941,8305],{"class":116},[73,37943,9755],{"class":83},[73,37945,37946,37948],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,37947,806],{"class":116},[73,37949,36682],{"class":216},[73,37951,37952,37954],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,37953,2397],{"class":116},[73,37955,36689],{"class":216},[59,37957,2350],{"id":2349},[403,37959,2387,37961,5658],{"id":37960},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37962,36255],{},[20,37964,37965],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[403,37967,2354,37969,37971],{"id":37968},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37970,36255],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37973,37974,37975,37977,37978,37981],{},"It starts at ",[15,37976,806],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37979,37980],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[403,37983,21933,37985,11600,37987,3023],{"id":37984},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37986,36255],{},[15,37988,37989],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37991,37100,37992,37994],{},[15,37993,36255],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[403,37996,5681,37998,38000],{"id":37997},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37999,36255],{}," be used with strings?",[20,38002,38003,38004,38006],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,38005,36255],{}," can return each character with its index.",[59,38008,2413],{"id":2412},[33,38010,38011,38015,38021,38028],{},[36,38012,38013],{},[646,38014,36535],{"href":36534},[36,38016,38017],{},[646,38018,13,38019,2422],{"href":36702},[15,38020,36705],{},[36,38022,38023],{},[646,38024,38025,38026,37116],{"href":37112},"How to use ",[15,38027,36255],{},[36,38029,38030],{},[646,38031,5728],{"href":6099},[2459,38033,38034],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":38036},[38037,38038,38040,38041,38043,38045,38047,38054,38055,38065],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":36395,"depth":105,"text":38039},"What enumerate() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":36708,"depth":105,"text":38042},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36923,"depth":105,"text":38044},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":37119,"depth":105,"text":38046},"Using the start argument",{"id":25867,"depth":105,"text":25868,"children":38048},[38049,38050,38051,38053],{"id":37258,"depth":122,"text":37259},{"id":37354,"depth":122,"text":37355},{"id":37518,"depth":122,"text":38052},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37607,"depth":122,"text":37608},{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":38056},[38057,38059,38061,38063],{"id":37960,"depth":122,"text":38058},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37968,"depth":122,"text":38060},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37984,"depth":122,"text":38062},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37997,"depth":122,"text":38064},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":36247,"description":38066},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":38073,"title":38074,"body":38075,"description":40590,"extension":2511,"meta":40591,"navigation":254,"path":40592,"seo":40593,"stem":40594,"__hash__":40595},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":38076,"toc":40547},[38077,38083,38088,38091,38099,38113,38115,38206,38214,38219,38224,38226,38242,38244,38323,38325,38342,38348,38352,38354,38375,38379,38382,38394,38398,38401,38404,38421,38424,38500,38502,38519,38524,38528,38536,38539,38554,38556,38645,38647,38692,38695,38699,38702,38781,38783,38805,38808,38815,38820,38823,38926,38928,38953,38956,38963,38969,38974,38977,38988,39094,39096,39117,39125,39132,39138,39157,39162,39165,39184,39186,39271,39273,39302,39305,39310,39315,39318,39329,39331,39420,39422,39442,39448,39554,39556,39576,39579,39663,39665,39685,39692,39694,39698,39704,39707,39764,39767,39770,39831,39840,39843,39846,39874,39877,39937,39939,39956,39960,39963,40041,40043,40063,40066,40141,40145,40148,40150,40159,40164,40166,40217,40225,40237,40242,40303,40305,40322,40326,40389,40391,40416,40424,40426,40432,40437,40444,40452,40458,40461,40468,40478,40484,40490,40493,40510,40516,40518,40544],[10,38078,13,38080,18],{"id":38079},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,38081,38082],{},"filter()",[20,38084,38085,38087],{},[15,38086,38082],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,38089,38090],{},"It takes:",[33,38092,38093,38096],{},[36,38094,38095],{},"a function that checks each item",[36,38097,38098],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,38100,38101,38102,38105,38106,38109,38110,38112],{},"The result is ",[1194,38103,38104],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,38107,38108],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,38111,25291],{}," to see the values.",[59,38114,62],{"id":61},[64,38116,38118],{"className":66,"code":38117,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38119,38120,38153,38189],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,38121,38122,38124,38126,38128,38130,38132,38134,38136,38138,38140,38142,38144,38146,38148,38151],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,38123,4134],{"class":216},[73,38125,221],{"class":220},[73,38127,891],{"class":83},[73,38129,2397],{"class":116},[73,38131,140],{"class":83},[73,38133,143],{"class":116},[73,38135,140],{"class":83},[73,38137,2982],{"class":116},[73,38139,140],{"class":83},[73,38141,2988],{"class":116},[73,38143,140],{"class":83},[73,38145,5118],{"class":116},[73,38147,140],{"class":83},[73,38149,38150],{"class":116}," 6",[73,38152,924],{"class":83},[73,38154,38155,38157,38159,38162,38164,38167,38171,38173,38175,38177,38179,38181,38183,38185,38187],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,38156,2766],{"class":216},[73,38158,221],{"class":220},[73,38160,38161],{"class":79}," filter",[73,38163,84],{"class":83},[73,38165,38166],{"class":333},"lambda",[73,38168,38170],{"class":38169},"sFwrP"," x",[73,38172,1063],{"class":83},[73,38174,4391],{"class":245},[73,38176,6913],{"class":220},[73,38178,143],{"class":116},[73,38180,6918],{"class":220},[73,38182,4345],{"class":116},[73,38184,140],{"class":83},[73,38186,4775],{"class":245},[73,38188,249],{"class":83},[73,38190,38191,38193,38195,38197,38199,38201,38203],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,38192,80],{"class":79},[73,38194,84],{"class":83},[73,38196,8604],{"class":87},[73,38198,84],{"class":83},[73,38200,2800],{"class":245},[73,38202,5874],{"class":83},[73,38204,38205],{"class":769},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,38207,38208,38210,38211,38213],{},[15,38209,38082],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,38212,25291],{}," to see the results.",[59,38215,178,38217,181],{"id":38216},"what-filter-does",[15,38218,38082],{},[20,38220,38221,38223],{},[15,38222,38082],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,38225,2649],{},[33,38227,38228,38231,38237],{},[36,38229,38230],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[36,38232,38233,38234,38236],{},"if the test returns ",[15,38235,430],{},", the item is kept",[36,38238,38233,38239,38241],{},[15,38240,1367],{},", the item is removed",[20,38243,206],{},[64,38245,38247],{"className":66,"code":38246,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38248,38249,38277,38281,38309],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,38250,38251,38253,38255,38257,38259,38261,38263,38265,38267,38269,38271,38273,38275],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,38252,4134],{"class":216},[73,38254,221],{"class":220},[73,38256,891],{"class":83},[73,38258,2397],{"class":116},[73,38260,140],{"class":83},[73,38262,143],{"class":116},[73,38264,140],{"class":83},[73,38266,2982],{"class":116},[73,38268,140],{"class":83},[73,38270,2988],{"class":116},[73,38272,140],{"class":83},[73,38274,5118],{"class":116},[73,38276,924],{"class":83},[73,38278,38279],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,38280,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,38282,38283,38285,38287,38289,38291,38293,38295,38297,38299,38301,38303,38305,38307],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,38284,2766],{"class":216},[73,38286,221],{"class":220},[73,38288,38161],{"class":79},[73,38290,84],{"class":83},[73,38292,38166],{"class":333},[73,38294,38170],{"class":38169},[73,38296,1063],{"class":83},[73,38298,4391],{"class":245},[73,38300,4764],{"class":220},[73,38302,2982],{"class":116},[73,38304,140],{"class":83},[73,38306,4775],{"class":245},[73,38308,249],{"class":83},[73,38310,38311,38313,38315,38317,38319,38321],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,38312,80],{"class":79},[73,38314,84],{"class":83},[73,38316,8604],{"class":87},[73,38318,84],{"class":83},[73,38320,2800],{"class":245},[73,38322,102],{"class":83},[20,38324,148],{},[64,38326,38328],{"className":66,"code":38327,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[4, 5]\n",[15,38329,38330],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,38331,38332,38334,38336,38338,38340],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,38333,4410],{"class":83},[73,38335,3036],{"class":116},[73,38337,140],{"class":83},[73,38339,5118],{"class":116},[73,38341,924],{"class":83},[20,38343,38344,38345,38347],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,38346,1304],{}," are kept.",[59,38349,38351],{"id":38350},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,38353,2700],{},[64,38355,38357],{"className":66,"code":38356,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,38358,38359],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,38360,38361,38363,38365,38368,38370,38373],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,38362,38108],{"class":79},[73,38364,84],{"class":83},[73,38366,38367],{"class":245},"function",[73,38369,140],{"class":83},[73,38371,38372],{"class":245}," iterable",[73,38374,249],{"class":83},[403,38376,38377],{"id":38367},[15,38378,38367],{},[20,38380,38381],{},"This is the test function.",[33,38383,38384,38387],{},[36,38385,38386],{},"It receives one item at a time",[36,38388,38389,38390,3408,38392],{},"It should return ",[15,38391,430],{},[15,38393,1367],{},[403,38395,38396],{"id":4235},[15,38397,4235],{},[20,38399,38400],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,38402,38403],{},"It can be:",[33,38405,38406,38409,38412,38415,38418],{},[36,38407,38408],{},"a list",[36,38410,38411],{},"a tuple",[36,38413,38414],{},"a string",[36,38416,38417],{},"a set",[36,38419,38420],{},"another iterable object",[20,38422,38423],{},"Example with a tuple:",[64,38425,38427],{"className":66,"code":38426,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38428,38429,38454,38458,38486],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,38430,38431,38433,38435,38437,38439,38441,38444,38446,38448,38450,38452],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,38432,4134],{"class":216},[73,38434,221],{"class":220},[73,38436,9742],{"class":83},[73,38438,452],{"class":116},[73,38440,140],{"class":83},[73,38442,38443],{"class":116}," 15",[73,38445,140],{"class":83},[73,38447,8300],{"class":116},[73,38449,140],{"class":83},[73,38451,9811],{"class":116},[73,38453,249],{"class":83},[73,38455,38456],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,38457,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,38459,38460,38462,38464,38466,38468,38470,38472,38474,38476,38478,38480,38482,38484],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,38461,2766],{"class":216},[73,38463,221],{"class":220},[73,38465,38161],{"class":79},[73,38467,84],{"class":83},[73,38469,38166],{"class":333},[73,38471,38170],{"class":38169},[73,38473,1063],{"class":83},[73,38475,4391],{"class":245},[73,38477,5612],{"class":220},[73,38479,8300],{"class":116},[73,38481,140],{"class":83},[73,38483,4775],{"class":245},[73,38485,249],{"class":83},[73,38487,38488,38490,38492,38494,38496,38498],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,38489,80],{"class":79},[73,38491,84],{"class":83},[73,38493,8604],{"class":87},[73,38495,84],{"class":83},[73,38497,2800],{"class":245},[73,38499,102],{"class":83},[20,38501,148],{},[64,38503,38505],{"className":66,"code":38504,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[20, 25]\n",[15,38506,38507],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,38508,38509,38511,38513,38515,38517],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,38510,4410],{"class":83},[73,38512,16264],{"class":116},[73,38514,140],{"class":83},[73,38516,9811],{"class":116},[73,38518,924],{"class":83},[20,38520,38521,38522,653],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[646,38523,5650],{"href":6099},[59,38525,38527],{"id":38526},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,38529,38530,38531,22486,38533,653],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,38532,38082],{},[1194,38534,38535],{},"filter object",[20,38537,38538],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[33,38540,38541,38544,38549],{},[36,38542,38543],{},"loop through it",[36,38545,38546,38547],{},"convert it with ",[15,38548,25291],{},[36,38550,38546,38551],{},[15,38552,38553],{},"tuple()",[20,38555,206],{},[64,38557,38559],{"className":66,"code":38558,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38560,38561,38603,38607,38617,38631],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,38562,38563,38565,38567,38569,38571,38573,38575,38577,38579,38581,38583,38585,38587,38589,38591,38593,38595,38597,38599,38601],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,38564,2766],{"class":216},[73,38566,221],{"class":220},[73,38568,38161],{"class":79},[73,38570,84],{"class":83},[73,38572,38166],{"class":333},[73,38574,38170],{"class":38169},[73,38576,1063],{"class":83},[73,38578,4391],{"class":245},[73,38580,4764],{"class":220},[73,38582,143],{"class":116},[73,38584,140],{"class":83},[73,38586,891],{"class":83},[73,38588,2397],{"class":116},[73,38590,140],{"class":83},[73,38592,143],{"class":116},[73,38594,140],{"class":83},[73,38596,2982],{"class":116},[73,38598,140],{"class":83},[73,38600,2988],{"class":116},[73,38602,4398],{"class":83},[73,38604,38605],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,38606,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,38608,38609,38611,38613,38615],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,38610,80],{"class":79},[73,38612,84],{"class":83},[73,38614,2800],{"class":245},[73,38616,249],{"class":83},[73,38618,38619,38621,38623,38625,38627,38629],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,38620,80],{"class":79},[73,38622,84],{"class":83},[73,38624,288],{"class":87},[73,38626,84],{"class":83},[73,38628,2800],{"class":245},[73,38630,102],{"class":83},[73,38632,38633,38635,38637,38639,38641,38643],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,38634,80],{"class":79},[73,38636,84],{"class":83},[73,38638,8604],{"class":87},[73,38640,84],{"class":83},[73,38642,2800],{"class":245},[73,38644,102],{"class":83},[20,38646,148],{},[64,38648,38650],{"className":66,"code":38649,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38651,38652,38666,38680],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,38653,38654,38656,38658,38660,38662,38664],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,38655,330],{"class":220},[73,38657,38108],{"class":79},[73,38659,25127],{"class":87},[73,38661,37871],{"class":216},[73,38663,37877],{"class":34960},[73,38665,346],{"class":220},[73,38667,38668,38670,38672,38674,38676,38678],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,38669,330],{"class":220},[73,38671,334],{"class":333},[73,38673,337],{"class":93},[73,38675,38108],{"class":97},[73,38677,343],{"class":93},[73,38679,346],{"class":220},[73,38681,38682,38684,38686,38688,38690],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,38683,4410],{"class":83},[73,38685,1304],{"class":116},[73,38687,140],{"class":83},[73,38689,2988],{"class":116},[73,38691,924],{"class":83},[20,38693,38694],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[403,38696,38698],{"id":38697},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38700,38701],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[64,38703,38705],{"className":66,"code":38704,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38706,38707,38749,38753,38767],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,38708,38709,38711,38713,38715,38717,38719,38721,38723,38725,38727,38729,38731,38733,38735,38737,38739,38741,38743,38745,38747],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,38710,2766],{"class":216},[73,38712,221],{"class":220},[73,38714,38161],{"class":79},[73,38716,84],{"class":83},[73,38718,38166],{"class":333},[73,38720,38170],{"class":38169},[73,38722,1063],{"class":83},[73,38724,4391],{"class":245},[73,38726,4764],{"class":220},[73,38728,143],{"class":116},[73,38730,140],{"class":83},[73,38732,891],{"class":83},[73,38734,2397],{"class":116},[73,38736,140],{"class":83},[73,38738,143],{"class":116},[73,38740,140],{"class":83},[73,38742,2982],{"class":116},[73,38744,140],{"class":83},[73,38746,2988],{"class":116},[73,38748,4398],{"class":83},[73,38750,38751],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,38752,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,38754,38755,38757,38759,38761,38763,38765],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,38756,80],{"class":79},[73,38758,84],{"class":83},[73,38760,8604],{"class":87},[73,38762,84],{"class":83},[73,38764,2800],{"class":245},[73,38766,102],{"class":83},[73,38768,38769,38771,38773,38775,38777,38779],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,38770,80],{"class":79},[73,38772,84],{"class":83},[73,38774,8604],{"class":87},[73,38776,84],{"class":83},[73,38778,2800],{"class":245},[73,38780,102],{"class":83},[20,38782,148],{},[64,38784,38786],{"className":66,"code":38785,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38787,38788,38800],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,38789,38790,38792,38794,38796,38798],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,38791,4410],{"class":83},[73,38793,1304],{"class":116},[73,38795,140],{"class":83},[73,38797,2988],{"class":116},[73,38799,924],{"class":83},[73,38801,38802],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,38803,38804],{"class":83},"[]\n",[20,38806,38807],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[59,38809,657,38811,9213,38813],{"id":38810},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38812,38082],{},[15,38814,38166],{},[20,38816,15698,38817,38819],{},[15,38818,38166],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38821,38822],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[64,38824,38826],{"className":66,"code":38825,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38827,38828,38870,38874,38912],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,38829,38830,38832,38834,38836,38838,38840,38842,38844,38846,38849,38851,38853,38855,38857,38859,38861,38863,38866,38868],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,38831,4581],{"class":216},[73,38833,221],{"class":220},[73,38835,891],{"class":83},[73,38837,94],{"class":93},[73,38839,4590],{"class":97},[73,38841,94],{"class":93},[73,38843,140],{"class":83},[73,38845,224],{"class":93},[73,38847,38848],{"class":97},"kiwi",[73,38850,94],{"class":93},[73,38852,140],{"class":83},[73,38854,224],{"class":93},[73,38856,4599],{"class":97},[73,38858,94],{"class":93},[73,38860,140],{"class":83},[73,38862,224],{"class":93},[73,38864,38865],{"class":97},"fig",[73,38867,94],{"class":93},[73,38869,924],{"class":83},[73,38871,38872],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,38873,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,38875,38876,38878,38880,38882,38884,38886,38889,38891,38894,38896,38899,38901,38904,38906,38908,38910],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,38877,2766],{"class":216},[73,38879,221],{"class":220},[73,38881,38161],{"class":79},[73,38883,84],{"class":83},[73,38885,38166],{"class":333},[73,38887,38888],{"class":38169}," word",[73,38890,1063],{"class":83},[73,38892,38893],{"class":79}," len",[73,38895,84],{"class":83},[73,38897,38898],{"class":245},"word",[73,38900,4177],{"class":83},[73,38902,38903],{"class":220}," >",[73,38905,2988],{"class":116},[73,38907,140],{"class":83},[73,38909,6679],{"class":245},[73,38911,249],{"class":83},[73,38913,38914,38916,38918,38920,38922,38924],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,38915,80],{"class":79},[73,38917,84],{"class":83},[73,38919,8604],{"class":87},[73,38921,84],{"class":83},[73,38923,2800],{"class":245},[73,38925,102],{"class":83},[20,38927,148],{},[64,38929,38931],{"className":66,"code":38930,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38932,38933],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,38934,38935,38937,38939,38941,38943,38945,38947,38949,38951],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,38936,4410],{"class":83},[73,38938,343],{"class":93},[73,38940,4590],{"class":97},[73,38942,343],{"class":93},[73,38944,140],{"class":83},[73,38946,337],{"class":93},[73,38948,4599],{"class":97},[73,38950,343],{"class":93},[73,38952,924],{"class":83},[20,38954,38955],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38957,38958,38959,653],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[646,38960,38962],{"href":38961},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[59,38964,657,38966,38968],{"id":38965},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38967,38082],{}," with a named function",[20,38970,38971,38972,653],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38973,38166],{},[20,38975,38976],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[33,38978,38979,38982,38985],{},[36,38980,38981],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[36,38983,38984],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[36,38986,38987],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[64,38989,38991],{"className":66,"code":38990,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38992,38993,39006,39021,39025,39057,39076,39080],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,38994,38995,38997,39000,39002,39004],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,38996,35357],{"class":333},[73,38998,38999],{"class":35360}," is_even",[73,39001,84],{"class":83},[73,39003,276],{"class":38169},[73,39005,8851],{"class":83},[73,39007,39008,39010,39012,39014,39016,39018],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,39009,35368],{"class":933},[73,39011,6897],{"class":216},[73,39013,6913],{"class":220},[73,39015,143],{"class":116},[73,39017,6918],{"class":220},[73,39019,39020],{"class":116}," 0\n",[73,39022,39023],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,39024,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,39026,39027,39029,39031,39033,39035,39037,39039,39041,39043,39045,39047,39049,39051,39053,39055],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,39028,4134],{"class":216},[73,39030,221],{"class":220},[73,39032,891],{"class":83},[73,39034,2397],{"class":116},[73,39036,140],{"class":83},[73,39038,143],{"class":116},[73,39040,140],{"class":83},[73,39042,2982],{"class":116},[73,39044,140],{"class":83},[73,39046,2988],{"class":116},[73,39048,140],{"class":83},[73,39050,5118],{"class":116},[73,39052,140],{"class":83},[73,39054,38150],{"class":116},[73,39056,924],{"class":83},[73,39058,39059,39061,39063,39065,39067,39070,39072,39074],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,39060,2766],{"class":216},[73,39062,221],{"class":220},[73,39064,38161],{"class":79},[73,39066,84],{"class":83},[73,39068,39069],{"class":245},"is_even",[73,39071,140],{"class":83},[73,39073,4775],{"class":245},[73,39075,249],{"class":83},[73,39077,39078],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,39079,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,39081,39082,39084,39086,39088,39090,39092],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,39083,80],{"class":79},[73,39085,84],{"class":83},[73,39087,8604],{"class":87},[73,39089,84],{"class":83},[73,39091,2800],{"class":245},[73,39093,102],{"class":83},[20,39095,148],{},[64,39097,39099],{"className":66,"code":39098,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,39100,39101],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39102,39103,39105,39107,39109,39111,39113,39115],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39104,4410],{"class":83},[73,39106,530],{"class":116},[73,39108,140],{"class":83},[73,39110,2988],{"class":116},[73,39112,140],{"class":83},[73,39114,38150],{"class":116},[73,39116,924],{"class":83},[20,39118,21283,39119,2928,39122,39124],{},[15,39120,39121],{},"is_even()",[15,39123,430],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[59,39126,657,39128,9213,39130],{"id":39127},"using-none-with-filter",[15,39129,1842],{},[15,39131,38082],{},[20,39133,39134,39135,39137],{},"You can pass ",[15,39136,1842],{}," as the first argument:",[64,39139,39141],{"className":66,"code":39140,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,39142,39143],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39144,39145,39147,39149,39151,39153,39155],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39146,38108],{"class":79},[73,39148,84],{"class":83},[73,39150,1842],{"class":484},[73,39152,140],{"class":83},[73,39154,38372],{"class":245},[73,39156,249],{"class":83},[20,39158,39159,39160,197],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[1194,39161,6109],{},[20,39163,39164],{},"Falsy values include:",[33,39166,39167,39171,39176,39180],{},[36,39168,39169],{},[15,39170,806],{},[36,39172,39173,39175],{},[15,39174,1107],{}," (empty string)",[36,39177,39178],{},[15,39179,1842],{},[36,39181,39182],{},[15,39183,1367],{},[20,39185,206],{},[64,39187,39189],{"className":66,"code":39188,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39190,39191,39235,39239,39257],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39192,39193,39195,39197,39199,39201,39203,39205,39207,39209,39211,39213,39215,39217,39219,39221,39223,39225,39227,39229,39231,39233],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39194,8289],{"class":216},[73,39196,221],{"class":220},[73,39198,891],{"class":83},[73,39200,806],{"class":116},[73,39202,140],{"class":83},[73,39204,2085],{"class":116},[73,39206,140],{"class":83},[73,39208,912],{"class":93},[73,39210,140],{"class":83},[73,39212,224],{"class":93},[73,39214,4357],{"class":97},[73,39216,94],{"class":93},[73,39218,140],{"class":83},[73,39220,4364],{"class":484},[73,39222,140],{"class":83},[73,39224,4426],{"class":484},[73,39226,140],{"class":83},[73,39228,4417],{"class":484},[73,39230,140],{"class":83},[73,39232,5118],{"class":116},[73,39234,924],{"class":83},[73,39236,39237],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,39238,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,39240,39241,39243,39245,39247,39249,39251,39253,39255],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,39242,2766],{"class":216},[73,39244,221],{"class":220},[73,39246,38161],{"class":79},[73,39248,84],{"class":83},[73,39250,1842],{"class":484},[73,39252,140],{"class":83},[73,39254,6477],{"class":245},[73,39256,249],{"class":83},[73,39258,39259,39261,39263,39265,39267,39269],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,39260,80],{"class":79},[73,39262,84],{"class":83},[73,39264,8604],{"class":87},[73,39266,84],{"class":83},[73,39268,2800],{"class":245},[73,39270,102],{"class":83},[20,39272,148],{},[64,39274,39276],{"className":66,"code":39275,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,39277,39278],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39279,39280,39282,39284,39286,39288,39290,39292,39294,39296,39298,39300],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39281,4410],{"class":83},[73,39283,2397],{"class":116},[73,39285,140],{"class":83},[73,39287,337],{"class":93},[73,39289,4357],{"class":97},[73,39291,343],{"class":93},[73,39293,140],{"class":83},[73,39295,4426],{"class":484},[73,39297,140],{"class":83},[73,39299,5118],{"class":116},[73,39301,924],{"class":83},[20,39303,39304],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[59,39306,1999,39308],{"id":39307},"when-to-use-filter",[15,39309,38082],{},[20,39311,171,39312,39314],{},[15,39313,38082],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,39316,39317],{},"It works well for:",[33,39319,39320,39323,39326],{},[36,39321,39322],{},"simple filtering rules",[36,39324,39325],{},"quick data cleaning",[36,39327,39328],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,39330,206],{},[64,39332,39334],{"className":66,"code":39333,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,39335,39336,39368,39401,39405],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39337,39338,39340,39342,39344,39346,39348,39350,39352,39354,39356,39358,39360,39362,39364,39366],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39339,4134],{"class":216},[73,39341,221],{"class":220},[73,39343,891],{"class":83},[73,39345,2397],{"class":116},[73,39347,140],{"class":83},[73,39349,143],{"class":116},[73,39351,140],{"class":83},[73,39353,2982],{"class":116},[73,39355,140],{"class":83},[73,39357,2988],{"class":116},[73,39359,140],{"class":83},[73,39361,5118],{"class":116},[73,39363,140],{"class":83},[73,39365,38150],{"class":116},[73,39367,924],{"class":83},[73,39369,39370,39373,39375,39377,39379,39381,39383,39385,39387,39389,39391,39393,39395,39397,39399],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,39371,39372],{"class":216},"evens ",[73,39374,221],{"class":220},[73,39376,38161],{"class":79},[73,39378,84],{"class":83},[73,39380,38166],{"class":333},[73,39382,38170],{"class":38169},[73,39384,1063],{"class":83},[73,39386,4391],{"class":245},[73,39388,6913],{"class":220},[73,39390,143],{"class":116},[73,39392,6918],{"class":220},[73,39394,4345],{"class":116},[73,39396,140],{"class":83},[73,39398,4775],{"class":245},[73,39400,249],{"class":83},[73,39402,39403],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,39404,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,39406,39407,39409,39411,39413,39415,39418],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,39408,80],{"class":79},[73,39410,84],{"class":83},[73,39412,8604],{"class":87},[73,39414,84],{"class":83},[73,39416,39417],{"class":245},"evens",[73,39419,102],{"class":83},[20,39421,148],{},[64,39423,39424],{"className":66,"code":39098,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,39425,39426],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39427,39428,39430,39432,39434,39436,39438,39440],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39429,4410],{"class":83},[73,39431,530],{"class":116},[73,39433,140],{"class":83},[73,39435,2988],{"class":116},[73,39437,140],{"class":83},[73,39439,38150],{"class":116},[73,39441,924],{"class":83},[20,39443,39444,39445,39447],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,39446,934],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[64,39449,39451],{"className":66,"code":39450,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39452,39453,39485,39493,39497,39509,39525,39540,39544],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39454,39455,39457,39459,39461,39463,39465,39467,39469,39471,39473,39475,39477,39479,39481,39483],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39456,4134],{"class":216},[73,39458,221],{"class":220},[73,39460,891],{"class":83},[73,39462,2397],{"class":116},[73,39464,140],{"class":83},[73,39466,143],{"class":116},[73,39468,140],{"class":83},[73,39470,2982],{"class":116},[73,39472,140],{"class":83},[73,39474,2988],{"class":116},[73,39476,140],{"class":83},[73,39478,5118],{"class":116},[73,39480,140],{"class":83},[73,39482,38150],{"class":116},[73,39484,924],{"class":83},[73,39486,39487,39489,39491],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,39488,39372],{"class":216},[73,39490,221],{"class":220},[73,39492,8349],{"class":83},[73,39494,39495],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,39496,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,39498,39499,39501,39503,39505,39507],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,39500,934],{"class":933},[73,39502,6897],{"class":216},[73,39504,940],{"class":933},[73,39506,4775],{"class":216},[73,39508,946],{"class":83},[73,39510,39511,39513,39515,39517,39519,39521,39523],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,39512,6908],{"class":933},[73,39514,6897],{"class":216},[73,39516,6913],{"class":220},[73,39518,143],{"class":116},[73,39520,6918],{"class":220},[73,39522,4345],{"class":116},[73,39524,946],{"class":83},[73,39526,39527,39530,39532,39534,39536,39538],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,39528,39529],{"class":216},"        evens",[73,39531,653],{"class":83},[73,39533,14064],{"class":245},[73,39535,84],{"class":83},[73,39537,276],{"class":245},[73,39539,249],{"class":83},[73,39541,39542],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,39543,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,39545,39546,39548,39550,39552],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,39547,80],{"class":79},[73,39549,84],{"class":83},[73,39551,39417],{"class":245},[73,39553,249],{"class":83},[20,39555,148],{},[64,39557,39558],{"className":66,"code":39098,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,39559,39560],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39561,39562,39564,39566,39568,39570,39572,39574],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39563,4410],{"class":83},[73,39565,530],{"class":116},[73,39567,140],{"class":83},[73,39569,2988],{"class":116},[73,39571,140],{"class":83},[73,39573,38150],{"class":116},[73,39575,924],{"class":83},[20,39577,39578],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[64,39580,39582],{"className":66,"code":39581,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39583,39584,39616,39649,39653],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39585,39586,39588,39590,39592,39594,39596,39598,39600,39602,39604,39606,39608,39610,39612,39614],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39587,4134],{"class":216},[73,39589,221],{"class":220},[73,39591,891],{"class":83},[73,39593,2397],{"class":116},[73,39595,140],{"class":83},[73,39597,143],{"class":116},[73,39599,140],{"class":83},[73,39601,2982],{"class":116},[73,39603,140],{"class":83},[73,39605,2988],{"class":116},[73,39607,140],{"class":83},[73,39609,5118],{"class":116},[73,39611,140],{"class":83},[73,39613,38150],{"class":116},[73,39615,924],{"class":83},[73,39617,39618,39620,39622,39624,39626,39628,39630,39632,39635,39637,39639,39641,39643,39645,39647],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,39619,39372],{"class":216},[73,39621,221],{"class":220},[73,39623,891],{"class":83},[73,39625,235],{"class":216},[73,39627,934],{"class":933},[73,39629,6897],{"class":216},[73,39631,940],{"class":933},[73,39633,39634],{"class":216}," numbers ",[73,39636,7507],{"class":933},[73,39638,6897],{"class":216},[73,39640,6913],{"class":220},[73,39642,143],{"class":116},[73,39644,6918],{"class":220},[73,39646,4345],{"class":116},[73,39648,924],{"class":83},[73,39650,39651],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,39652,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,39654,39655,39657,39659,39661],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,39656,80],{"class":79},[73,39658,84],{"class":83},[73,39660,39417],{"class":245},[73,39662,249],{"class":83},[20,39664,148],{},[64,39666,39667],{"className":66,"code":39098,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,39668,39669],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39670,39671,39673,39675,39677,39679,39681,39683],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39672,4410],{"class":83},[73,39674,530],{"class":116},[73,39676,140],{"class":83},[73,39678,2988],{"class":116},[73,39680,140],{"class":83},[73,39682,38150],{"class":116},[73,39684,924],{"class":83},[20,39686,39687,39688,653],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[646,39689,39691],{"href":39690},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[59,39693,2102],{"id":2101},[20,39695,2105,39696,653],{},[15,39697,38082],{},[403,39699,2300,39701,39703],{"id":39700},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39702,38082],{}," to return a list",[20,39705,39706],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[64,39708,39710],{"className":66,"code":39709,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39711,39712,39754],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39713,39714,39716,39718,39720,39722,39724,39726,39728,39730,39732,39734,39736,39738,39740,39742,39744,39746,39748,39750,39752],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39715,2766],{"class":216},[73,39717,221],{"class":220},[73,39719,38161],{"class":79},[73,39721,84],{"class":83},[73,39723,38166],{"class":333},[73,39725,38170],{"class":38169},[73,39727,1063],{"class":83},[73,39729,4391],{"class":245},[73,39731,4764],{"class":220},[73,39733,143],{"class":116},[73,39735,140],{"class":83},[73,39737,891],{"class":83},[73,39739,2397],{"class":116},[73,39741,140],{"class":83},[73,39743,143],{"class":116},[73,39745,140],{"class":83},[73,39747,2982],{"class":116},[73,39749,140],{"class":83},[73,39751,2988],{"class":116},[73,39753,4398],{"class":83},[73,39755,39756,39758,39760,39762],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,39757,80],{"class":79},[73,39759,84],{"class":83},[73,39761,2800],{"class":245},[73,39763,249],{"class":83},[20,39765,39766],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39768,39769],{},"Fix:",[64,39771,39773],{"className":66,"code":39772,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39774,39775,39817],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39776,39777,39779,39781,39783,39785,39787,39789,39791,39793,39795,39797,39799,39801,39803,39805,39807,39809,39811,39813,39815],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39778,2766],{"class":216},[73,39780,221],{"class":220},[73,39782,38161],{"class":79},[73,39784,84],{"class":83},[73,39786,38166],{"class":333},[73,39788,38170],{"class":38169},[73,39790,1063],{"class":83},[73,39792,4391],{"class":245},[73,39794,4764],{"class":220},[73,39796,143],{"class":116},[73,39798,140],{"class":83},[73,39800,891],{"class":83},[73,39802,2397],{"class":116},[73,39804,140],{"class":83},[73,39806,143],{"class":116},[73,39808,140],{"class":83},[73,39810,2982],{"class":116},[73,39812,140],{"class":83},[73,39814,2988],{"class":116},[73,39816,4398],{"class":83},[73,39818,39819,39821,39823,39825,39827,39829],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,39820,80],{"class":79},[73,39822,84],{"class":83},[73,39824,8604],{"class":87},[73,39826,84],{"class":83},[73,39828,2800],{"class":245},[73,39830,102],{"class":83},[403,39832,39834,39835,3408,39837,39839],{"id":39833},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39836,430],{},[15,39838,1367],{}," clearly",[20,39841,39842],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39844,39845],{},"Good example:",[64,39847,39849],{"className":66,"code":39848,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39850,39851,39864],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39852,39853,39855,39858,39860,39862],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39854,35357],{"class":333},[73,39856,39857],{"class":35360}," is_positive",[73,39859,84],{"class":83},[73,39861,276],{"class":38169},[73,39863,8851],{"class":83},[73,39865,39866,39868,39870,39872],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,39867,35368],{"class":933},[73,39869,6897],{"class":216},[73,39871,4764],{"class":220},[73,39873,39020],{"class":116},[20,39875,39876],{},"Then use it with:",[64,39878,39880],{"className":66,"code":39879,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39881,39882,39914],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39883,39884,39886,39888,39890,39892,39894,39896,39898,39900,39902,39904,39906,39908,39910,39912],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39885,4134],{"class":216},[73,39887,221],{"class":220},[73,39889,891],{"class":83},[73,39891,746],{"class":220},[73,39893,530],{"class":116},[73,39895,140],{"class":83},[73,39897,2759],{"class":220},[73,39899,2397],{"class":116},[73,39901,140],{"class":83},[73,39903,4345],{"class":116},[73,39905,140],{"class":83},[73,39907,2085],{"class":116},[73,39909,140],{"class":83},[73,39911,143],{"class":116},[73,39913,924],{"class":83},[73,39915,39916,39918,39920,39922,39924,39926,39928,39931,39933,39935],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,39917,80],{"class":79},[73,39919,84],{"class":83},[73,39921,8604],{"class":87},[73,39923,84],{"class":83},[73,39925,38108],{"class":79},[73,39927,84],{"class":83},[73,39929,39930],{"class":245},"is_positive",[73,39932,140],{"class":83},[73,39934,4775],{"class":245},[73,39936,1784],{"class":83},[20,39938,148],{},[64,39940,39942],{"className":66,"code":39941,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39943,39944],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39945,39946,39948,39950,39952,39954],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39947,4410],{"class":83},[73,39949,2397],{"class":116},[73,39951,140],{"class":83},[73,39953,143],{"class":116},[73,39955,924],{"class":83},[403,39957,39959],{"id":39958},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39961,39962],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[64,39964,39965],{"className":66,"code":38704,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,39966,39967,40009,40013,40027],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,39968,39969,39971,39973,39975,39977,39979,39981,39983,39985,39987,39989,39991,39993,39995,39997,39999,40001,40003,40005,40007],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,39970,2766],{"class":216},[73,39972,221],{"class":220},[73,39974,38161],{"class":79},[73,39976,84],{"class":83},[73,39978,38166],{"class":333},[73,39980,38170],{"class":38169},[73,39982,1063],{"class":83},[73,39984,4391],{"class":245},[73,39986,4764],{"class":220},[73,39988,143],{"class":116},[73,39990,140],{"class":83},[73,39992,891],{"class":83},[73,39994,2397],{"class":116},[73,39996,140],{"class":83},[73,39998,143],{"class":116},[73,40000,140],{"class":83},[73,40002,2982],{"class":116},[73,40004,140],{"class":83},[73,40006,2988],{"class":116},[73,40008,4398],{"class":83},[73,40010,40011],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,40012,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,40014,40015,40017,40019,40021,40023,40025],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,40016,80],{"class":79},[73,40018,84],{"class":83},[73,40020,8604],{"class":87},[73,40022,84],{"class":83},[73,40024,2800],{"class":245},[73,40026,102],{"class":83},[73,40028,40029,40031,40033,40035,40037,40039],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,40030,80],{"class":79},[73,40032,84],{"class":83},[73,40034,8604],{"class":87},[73,40036,84],{"class":83},[73,40038,2800],{"class":245},[73,40040,102],{"class":83},[20,40042,148],{},[64,40044,40045],{"className":66,"code":38785,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,40046,40047,40059],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40048,40049,40051,40053,40055,40057],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40050,4410],{"class":83},[73,40052,1304],{"class":116},[73,40054,140],{"class":83},[73,40056,2988],{"class":116},[73,40058,924],{"class":83},[73,40060,40061],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,40062,38804],{"class":83},[20,40064,40065],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[64,40067,40069],{"className":66,"code":40068,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,40070,40071,40117,40121,40131],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40072,40073,40075,40077,40079,40081,40083,40085,40087,40089,40091,40093,40095,40097,40099,40101,40103,40105,40107,40109,40111,40113,40115],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40074,2766],{"class":216},[73,40076,221],{"class":220},[73,40078,23069],{"class":87},[73,40080,84],{"class":83},[73,40082,38108],{"class":79},[73,40084,84],{"class":83},[73,40086,38166],{"class":333},[73,40088,38170],{"class":38169},[73,40090,1063],{"class":83},[73,40092,4391],{"class":245},[73,40094,4764],{"class":220},[73,40096,143],{"class":116},[73,40098,140],{"class":83},[73,40100,891],{"class":83},[73,40102,2397],{"class":116},[73,40104,140],{"class":83},[73,40106,143],{"class":116},[73,40108,140],{"class":83},[73,40110,2982],{"class":116},[73,40112,140],{"class":83},[73,40114,2988],{"class":116},[73,40116,3523],{"class":83},[73,40118,40119],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,40120,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,40122,40123,40125,40127,40129],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,40124,80],{"class":79},[73,40126,84],{"class":83},[73,40128,2800],{"class":245},[73,40130,249],{"class":83},[73,40132,40133,40135,40137,40139],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,40134,80],{"class":79},[73,40136,84],{"class":83},[73,40138,2800],{"class":245},[73,40140,249],{"class":83},[403,40142,40144],{"id":40143},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,40146,40147],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,40149,17154],{},[64,40151,40153],{"className":66,"code":40152,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,40154,40155],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40156,40157],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40158,40152],{"class":769},[20,40160,40161,40162,7060],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,40163,452],{},[20,40165,17166],{},[64,40167,40169],{"className":66,"code":40168,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,40170,40171],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40172,40173,40175,40177,40179,40181,40183,40185,40187,40189,40191,40193,40195,40197,40199,40201,40203,40205,40207,40209,40211,40213,40215],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40174,80],{"class":79},[73,40176,84],{"class":83},[73,40178,8604],{"class":87},[73,40180,84],{"class":83},[73,40182,38108],{"class":79},[73,40184,84],{"class":83},[73,40186,38166],{"class":333},[73,40188,38170],{"class":38169},[73,40190,1063],{"class":83},[73,40192,4391],{"class":245},[73,40194,4764],{"class":220},[73,40196,143],{"class":116},[73,40198,140],{"class":83},[73,40200,891],{"class":83},[73,40202,2397],{"class":116},[73,40204,140],{"class":83},[73,40206,143],{"class":116},[73,40208,140],{"class":83},[73,40210,2982],{"class":116},[73,40212,140],{"class":83},[73,40214,2988],{"class":116},[73,40216,37772],{"class":83},[403,40218,37711,40220,9213,40222],{"id":40219},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,40221,38082],{},[15,40223,40224],{},"map()",[33,40226,40227,40232],{},[36,40228,40229,40231],{},[15,40230,38082],{}," keeps or removes items",[36,40233,40234,40236],{},[15,40235,40224],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,40238,40239,40240,1063],{},"Example of ",[15,40241,38082],{},[64,40243,40245],{"className":66,"code":40244,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,40246,40247,40271],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40248,40249,40251,40253,40255,40257,40259,40261,40263,40265,40267,40269],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40250,4134],{"class":216},[73,40252,221],{"class":220},[73,40254,891],{"class":83},[73,40256,2397],{"class":116},[73,40258,140],{"class":83},[73,40260,143],{"class":116},[73,40262,140],{"class":83},[73,40264,2982],{"class":116},[73,40266,140],{"class":83},[73,40268,2988],{"class":116},[73,40270,924],{"class":83},[73,40272,40273,40275,40277,40279,40281,40283,40285,40287,40289,40291,40293,40295,40297,40299,40301],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,40274,80],{"class":79},[73,40276,84],{"class":83},[73,40278,8604],{"class":87},[73,40280,84],{"class":83},[73,40282,38108],{"class":79},[73,40284,84],{"class":83},[73,40286,38166],{"class":333},[73,40288,38170],{"class":38169},[73,40290,1063],{"class":83},[73,40292,4391],{"class":245},[73,40294,4764],{"class":220},[73,40296,143],{"class":116},[73,40298,140],{"class":83},[73,40300,4775],{"class":245},[73,40302,1784],{"class":83},[20,40304,148],{},[64,40306,40308],{"className":66,"code":40307,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[3, 4]\n",[15,40309,40310],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40311,40312,40314,40316,40318,40320],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40313,4410],{"class":83},[73,40315,1304],{"class":116},[73,40317,140],{"class":83},[73,40319,2988],{"class":116},[73,40321,924],{"class":83},[20,40323,40239,40324,1063],{},[15,40325,40224],{},[64,40327,40329],{"className":66,"code":40328,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,40330,40331,40355],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40332,40333,40335,40337,40339,40341,40343,40345,40347,40349,40351,40353],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40334,4134],{"class":216},[73,40336,221],{"class":220},[73,40338,891],{"class":83},[73,40340,2397],{"class":116},[73,40342,140],{"class":83},[73,40344,143],{"class":116},[73,40346,140],{"class":83},[73,40348,2982],{"class":116},[73,40350,140],{"class":83},[73,40352,2988],{"class":116},[73,40354,924],{"class":83},[73,40356,40357,40359,40361,40363,40365,40368,40370,40372,40374,40376,40378,40381,40383,40385,40387],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,40358,80],{"class":79},[73,40360,84],{"class":83},[73,40362,8604],{"class":87},[73,40364,84],{"class":83},[73,40366,40367],{"class":79},"map",[73,40369,84],{"class":83},[73,40371,38166],{"class":333},[73,40373,38170],{"class":38169},[73,40375,1063],{"class":83},[73,40377,4391],{"class":245},[73,40379,40380],{"class":220},"*",[73,40382,143],{"class":116},[73,40384,140],{"class":83},[73,40386,4775],{"class":245},[73,40388,1784],{"class":83},[20,40390,148],{},[64,40392,40394],{"className":66,"code":40393,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,40395,40396],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40397,40398,40400,40402,40404,40406,40408,40410,40412,40414],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40399,4410],{"class":83},[73,40401,530],{"class":116},[73,40403,140],{"class":83},[73,40405,2988],{"class":116},[73,40407,140],{"class":83},[73,40409,38150],{"class":116},[73,40411,140],{"class":83},[73,40413,594],{"class":116},[73,40415,924],{"class":83},[20,40417,40418,40419,653],{},"For the related function, see ",[646,40420,13,40422,2422],{"href":40421},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,40423,40224],{},[59,40425,2350],{"id":2349},[403,40427,2354,40429,40431],{"id":40428},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,40430,38082],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,40433,40434,40435,2383],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,40436,25291],{},[403,40438,40440,40441,40443],{"id":40439},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,40442,38082],{}," need to return?",[20,40445,38389,40446,40448,40449,40451],{},[15,40447,430],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,40450,1367],{}," to remove it.",[403,40453,28838,40455,40457],{"id":40454},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,40456,38082],{}," without lambda?",[20,40459,40460],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[403,40462,2387,40464,40467],{"id":40463},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,40465,40466],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,40469,40470,40471,40473,40474,17583,40476,653],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,40472,806],{},", empty strings, ",[15,40475,1842],{},[15,40477,1367],{},[403,40479,21933,40481,40483],{"id":40480},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,40482,38082],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,40485,40486,40487,40489],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,40488,934],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,40491,40492],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[33,40494,40495,40501,40507],{},[36,40496,40497,40498,40500],{},"use ",[15,40499,38082],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[36,40502,40503,40504,40506],{},"use a ",[15,40505,934],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[36,40508,40509],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,40511,40512,40513,653],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[646,40514,5646],{"href":40515},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[59,40517,2413],{"id":2412},[33,40519,40520,40525,40529,40534,40540],{},[36,40521,40522],{},[646,40523,40524],{"href":38961},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[36,40526,40527],{},[646,40528,5733],{"href":40515},[36,40530,40531],{},[646,40532,40533],{"href":39690},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[36,40535,40536],{},[646,40537,13,40538,2422],{"href":40421},[15,40539,40224],{},[36,40541,40542],{},[646,40543,5728],{"href":6099},[2459,40545,40546],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":40548},[40549,40550,40552,40556,40559,40561,40563,40565,40567,40577,40589],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":38216,"depth":105,"text":40551},"What filter() does",{"id":38350,"depth":105,"text":38351,"children":40553},[40554,40555],{"id":38367,"depth":122,"text":38367},{"id":4235,"depth":122,"text":4235},{"id":38526,"depth":105,"text":38527,"children":40557},[40558],{"id":38697,"depth":122,"text":38698},{"id":38810,"depth":105,"text":40560},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38965,"depth":105,"text":40562},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":39127,"depth":105,"text":40564},"Using None with filter()",{"id":39307,"depth":105,"text":40566},"When to use filter()",{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102,"children":40568},[40569,40571,40573,40574,40575],{"id":39700,"depth":122,"text":40570},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39833,"depth":122,"text":40572},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39958,"depth":122,"text":39959},{"id":40143,"depth":122,"text":40144},{"id":40219,"depth":122,"text":40576},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":40578},[40579,40581,40583,40585,40587],{"id":40428,"depth":122,"text":40580},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40439,"depth":122,"text":40582},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40454,"depth":122,"text":40584},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40463,"depth":122,"text":40586},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40480,"depth":122,"text":40588},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":38074,"description":40590},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40597,"title":40598,"body":40599,"description":42738,"extension":2511,"meta":42739,"navigation":254,"path":42740,"seo":42741,"stem":42742,"__hash__":42743},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40600,"toc":42692},[40601,40604,40609,40615,40617,40668,40670,40689,40694,40698,40703,40706,40721,40724,40746,40748,40797,40799,40823,40825,40827,40842,40847,40855,40870,40872,40881,40884,40919,40923,40928,40932,40939,40974,40976,40992,40996,40999,41040,41042,41056,41060,41063,41087,41089,41098,41102,41105,41138,41140,41153,41157,41163,41182,41184,41192,41196,41201,41205,41210,41233,41235,41264,41267,41286,41290,41293,41320,41322,41355,41359,41362,41386,41390,41401,41403,41408,41414,41416,41500,41502,41544,41547,41551,41558,41567,41623,41629,41638,41643,41647,41716,41718,41727,41731,41734,41778,41780,41789,41793,41799,41849,41853,41858,41862,41886,41888,41897,41901,41925,41927,41938,41942,41966,41968,41977,41980,41997,42003,42007,42013,42015,42020,42023,42044,42046,42078,42080,42085,42087,42098,42100,42144,42148,42155,42207,42209,42218,42222,42225,42318,42321,42345,42349,42352,42443,42448,42452,42459,42464,42487,42489,42498,42503,42526,42528,42536,42543,42566,42574,42576,42589,42598,42600,42604,42611,42615,42623,42627,42634,42638,42642,42646,42658,42660,42689],[10,40602,40598],{"id":40603},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40605,9629,40606,40608],{},[15,40607,651],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40610,40611,40612,40614],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40613,651],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[59,40616,62],{"id":61},[64,40618,40620],{"className":66,"code":40619,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40621,40622,40636,40654],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40623,40624,40626,40628,40630,40632,40634],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40625,80],{"class":79},[73,40627,84],{"class":83},[73,40629,1773],{"class":87},[73,40631,84],{"class":83},[73,40633,688],{"class":116},[73,40635,102],{"class":83},[73,40637,40638,40640,40642,40644,40646,40648,40650,40652],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,40639,80],{"class":79},[73,40641,84],{"class":83},[73,40643,1773],{"class":87},[73,40645,84],{"class":83},[73,40647,94],{"class":93},[73,40649,896],{"class":97},[73,40651,94],{"class":93},[73,40653,102],{"class":83},[73,40655,40656,40658,40660,40662,40664,40666],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,40657,80],{"class":79},[73,40659,84],{"class":83},[73,40661,1773],{"class":87},[73,40663,84],{"class":83},[73,40665,430],{"class":484},[73,40667,102],{"class":83},[20,40669,148],{},[64,40671,40673],{"className":66,"code":40672,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40674,40675,40679,40684],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40676,40677],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40678,3010],{"class":116},[73,40680,40681],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,40682,40683],{"class":116},"3.14\n",[73,40685,40686],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,40687,40688],{"class":116},"1.0\n",[20,40690,171,40691,40693],{},[15,40692,651],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[59,40695,40697],{"id":40696},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40699,40700,40702],{},[15,40701,651],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40704,40705],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[33,40707,40708,40712,40716],{},[36,40709,40710],{},[15,40711,3022],{},[36,40713,40714],{},[15,40715,896],{},[36,40717,40718],{},[15,40719,40720],{},"0.5",[20,40722,40723],{},"A few key points:",[33,40725,40726,40733,40736,40739],{},[36,40727,40728,40730,40731],{},[15,40729,651],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40732,1773],{},[36,40734,40735],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[36,40737,40738],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[36,40740,40741,40742],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[646,40743,40744],{"href":1171},[15,40745,1174],{},[20,40747,206],{},[64,40749,40751],{"className":66,"code":40750,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40752,40753,40773,40783],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40754,40755,40757,40759,40762,40764,40766,40769,40771],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40756,235],{"class":216},[73,40758,221],{"class":220},[73,40760,40761],{"class":87}," float",[73,40763,84],{"class":83},[73,40765,94],{"class":93},[73,40767,40768],{"class":97},"2.75",[73,40770,94],{"class":93},[73,40772,249],{"class":83},[73,40774,40775,40777,40779,40781],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,40776,80],{"class":79},[73,40778,84],{"class":83},[73,40780,276],{"class":245},[73,40782,249],{"class":83},[73,40784,40785,40787,40789,40791,40793,40795],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,40786,80],{"class":79},[73,40788,84],{"class":83},[73,40790,288],{"class":87},[73,40792,84],{"class":83},[73,40794,276],{"class":245},[73,40796,102],{"class":83},[20,40798,148],{},[64,40800,40802],{"className":66,"code":40801,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40803,40804,40809],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40805,40806],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40807,40808],{"class":116},"2.75\n",[73,40810,40811,40813,40815,40817,40819,40821],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,40812,330],{"class":220},[73,40814,334],{"class":333},[73,40816,337],{"class":93},[73,40818,1773],{"class":97},[73,40820,343],{"class":93},[73,40822,346],{"class":220},[59,40824,370],{"id":369},[20,40826,7728],{},[64,40828,40830],{"className":66,"code":40829,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"float(value)\n",[15,40831,40832],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40833,40834,40836,40838,40840],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40835,1773],{"class":87},[73,40837,84],{"class":83},[73,40839,967],{"class":245},[73,40841,249],{"class":83},[20,40843,40844,40845,653],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40846,651],{},[20,40848,40849,40850,40852,40853,1063],{},"If you call ",[15,40851,651],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40854,4283],{},[64,40856,40858],{"className":66,"code":40857,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(float())\n",[15,40859,40860],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40861,40862,40864,40866,40868],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40863,80],{"class":79},[73,40865,84],{"class":83},[73,40867,1773],{"class":87},[73,40869,7704],{"class":83},[20,40871,148],{},[64,40873,40875],{"className":66,"code":40874,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"0.0\n",[15,40876,40877],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40878,40879],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40880,40874],{"class":116},[20,40882,40883],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[64,40885,40887],{"className":66,"code":40886,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40888,40889,40909],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40890,40891,40894,40896,40898,40900,40902,40905,40907],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40892,40893],{"class":216},"price ",[73,40895,221],{"class":220},[73,40897,40761],{"class":87},[73,40899,84],{"class":83},[73,40901,94],{"class":93},[73,40903,40904],{"class":97},"19.99",[73,40906,94],{"class":93},[73,40908,249],{"class":83},[73,40910,40911,40913,40915,40917],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,40912,80],{"class":79},[73,40914,84],{"class":83},[73,40916,25660],{"class":245},[73,40918,249],{"class":83},[59,40920,40922],{"id":40921},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40924,40925,40927],{},[15,40926,651],{}," can convert several common value types.",[403,40929,40931],{"id":40930},"integers","Integers",[20,40933,40934,40935,40938],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40936,40937],{},".0"," added:",[64,40940,40942],{"className":66,"code":40941,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40943,40944,40958],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40945,40946,40948,40950,40952,40954,40956],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40947,80],{"class":79},[73,40949,84],{"class":83},[73,40951,1773],{"class":87},[73,40953,84],{"class":83},[73,40955,688],{"class":116},[73,40957,102],{"class":83},[73,40959,40960,40962,40964,40966,40968,40970,40972],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,40961,80],{"class":79},[73,40963,84],{"class":83},[73,40965,1773],{"class":87},[73,40967,84],{"class":83},[73,40969,746],{"class":220},[73,40971,530],{"class":116},[73,40973,102],{"class":83},[20,40975,148],{},[64,40977,40979],{"className":66,"code":40978,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40980,40981,40985],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,40982,40983],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,40984,3010],{"class":116},[73,40986,40987,40989],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,40988,746],{"class":220},[73,40990,40991],{"class":116},"2.0\n",[403,40993,40995],{"id":40994},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40997,40998],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[64,41000,41002],{"className":66,"code":41001,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,41003,41004,41022],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41005,41006,41008,41010,41012,41014,41016,41018,41020],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41007,80],{"class":79},[73,41009,84],{"class":83},[73,41011,1773],{"class":87},[73,41013,84],{"class":83},[73,41015,94],{"class":93},[73,41017,896],{"class":97},[73,41019,94],{"class":93},[73,41021,102],{"class":83},[73,41023,41024,41026,41028,41030,41032,41034,41036,41038],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,41025,80],{"class":79},[73,41027,84],{"class":83},[73,41029,1773],{"class":87},[73,41031,84],{"class":83},[73,41033,94],{"class":93},[73,41035,452],{"class":97},[73,41037,94],{"class":93},[73,41039,102],{"class":83},[20,41041,148],{},[64,41043,41045],{"className":66,"code":41044,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,41046,41047,41051],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41048,41049],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41050,40683],{"class":116},[73,41052,41053],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,41054,41055],{"class":116},"10.0\n",[403,41057,41059],{"id":41058},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,41061,41062],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[64,41064,41066],{"className":66,"code":41065,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,41067,41068],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41069,41070,41072,41074,41076,41078,41080,41083,41085],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41071,80],{"class":79},[73,41073,84],{"class":83},[73,41075,1773],{"class":87},[73,41077,84],{"class":83},[73,41079,94],{"class":93},[73,41081,41082],{"class":97},"  8.5  ",[73,41084,94],{"class":93},[73,41086,102],{"class":83},[20,41088,148],{},[64,41090,41092],{"className":66,"code":41091,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"8.5\n",[15,41093,41094],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41095,41096],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41097,41091],{"class":116},[403,41099,41101],{"id":41100},"booleans","Booleans",[20,41103,41104],{},"Boolean values also work:",[64,41106,41108],{"className":66,"code":41107,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,41109,41110,41124],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41111,41112,41114,41116,41118,41120,41122],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41113,80],{"class":79},[73,41115,84],{"class":83},[73,41117,1773],{"class":87},[73,41119,84],{"class":83},[73,41121,430],{"class":484},[73,41123,102],{"class":83},[73,41125,41126,41128,41130,41132,41134,41136],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,41127,80],{"class":79},[73,41129,84],{"class":83},[73,41131,1773],{"class":87},[73,41133,84],{"class":83},[73,41135,1367],{"class":484},[73,41137,102],{"class":83},[20,41139,148],{},[64,41141,41143],{"className":66,"code":41142,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,41144,41145,41149],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41146,41147],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41148,40688],{"class":116},[73,41150,41151],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,41152,40874],{"class":116},[403,41154,41156],{"id":41155},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,41158,41159,41160,41162],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,41161,651],{}," returns a float version of it:",[64,41164,41166],{"className":66,"code":41165,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,41167,41168],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41169,41170,41172,41174,41176,41178,41180],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41171,80],{"class":79},[73,41173,84],{"class":83},[73,41175,1773],{"class":87},[73,41177,84],{"class":83},[73,41179,2895],{"class":116},[73,41181,102],{"class":83},[20,41183,148],{},[64,41185,41186],{"className":66,"code":2917,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,41187,41188],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41189,41190],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41191,2917],{"class":116},[59,41193,41195],{"id":41194},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,41197,41198,41199,653],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,41200,651],{},[403,41202,41204],{"id":41203},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,41206,41207,41208,1063],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,41209,781],{},[64,41211,41213],{"className":66,"code":41212,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,41214,41215],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41216,41217,41219,41221,41223,41225,41227,41229,41231],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41218,80],{"class":79},[73,41220,84],{"class":83},[73,41222,1773],{"class":87},[73,41224,84],{"class":83},[73,41226,94],{"class":93},[73,41228,4357],{"class":97},[73,41230,94],{"class":93},[73,41232,102],{"class":83},[20,41234,30190],{},[64,41236,41238],{"className":66,"code":41237,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,41239,41240],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41241,41242,41244,41246,41249,41251,41254,41256,41258,41260,41262],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41243,781],{"class":87},[73,41245,1063],{"class":83},[73,41247,41248],{"class":216}," could ",[73,41250,1196],{"class":220},[73,41252,41253],{"class":216}," convert string to ",[73,41255,1773],{"class":87},[73,41257,1063],{"class":83},[73,41259,337],{"class":93},[73,41261,4357],{"class":97},[73,41263,1070],{"class":93},[20,41265,41266],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[64,41268,41270],{"className":66,"code":41269,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,41271,41272],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41273,41274,41276,41278,41280,41282,41284],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41275,80],{"class":79},[73,41277,84],{"class":83},[73,41279,1773],{"class":87},[73,41281,84],{"class":83},[73,41283,6783],{"class":93},[73,41285,102],{"class":83},[403,41287,41289],{"id":41288},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,41291,41292],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[64,41294,41296],{"className":66,"code":41295,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,41297,41298],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41299,41300,41302,41304,41306,41308,41310,41312,41314,41316,41318],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41301,80],{"class":79},[73,41303,84],{"class":83},[73,41305,1773],{"class":87},[73,41307,3510],{"class":83},[73,41309,2397],{"class":116},[73,41311,140],{"class":83},[73,41313,143],{"class":116},[73,41315,140],{"class":83},[73,41317,2982],{"class":116},[73,41319,3523],{"class":83},[20,41321,30190],{},[64,41323,41325],{"className":66,"code":41324,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,41326,41327],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41328,41329,41331,41333,41335,41337,41340,41343,41345,41347,41349,41351,41353],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41330,1630],{"class":87},[73,41332,1063],{"class":83},[73,41334,40761],{"class":87},[73,41336,1052],{"class":83},[73,41338,41339],{"class":216}," argument must be a string ",[73,41341,41342],{"class":220},"or",[73,41344,1905],{"class":216},[73,41346,140],{"class":83},[73,41348,1910],{"class":220},[73,41350,337],{"class":93},[73,41352,8604],{"class":97},[73,41354,1070],{"class":93},[403,41356,41358],{"id":41357},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,41360,41361],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[64,41363,41365],{"className":66,"code":41364,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,41366,41367],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41368,41369,41371,41373,41375,41377,41379,41382,41384],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41370,80],{"class":79},[73,41372,84],{"class":83},[73,41374,1773],{"class":87},[73,41376,84],{"class":83},[73,41378,94],{"class":93},[73,41380,41381],{"class":97},"3,14",[73,41383,94],{"class":93},[73,41385,102],{"class":83},[20,41387,3526,41388,653],{},[15,41389,781],{},[20,41391,41392,41393,1647,41397,653],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[646,41394,41396],{"href":41395},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[646,41398,41400],{"href":41399},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[59,41402,17930],{"id":17929},[20,41404,41405,41407],{},[15,41406,651],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,41409,41410,41411,41413],{},"It does ",[1194,41412,1196],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,41415,206],{},[64,41417,41419],{"className":66,"code":41418,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,41420,41421,41434,41448,41452,41462,41472,41486],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41422,41423,41425,41427,41429,41432],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41424,217],{"class":216},[73,41426,221],{"class":220},[73,41428,224],{"class":93},[73,41430,41431],{"class":97},"6.5",[73,41433,230],{"class":93},[73,41435,41436,41438,41440,41442,41444,41446],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,41437,235],{"class":216},[73,41439,221],{"class":220},[73,41441,40761],{"class":87},[73,41443,84],{"class":83},[73,41445,246],{"class":245},[73,41447,249],{"class":83},[73,41449,41450],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,41451,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,41453,41454,41456,41458,41460],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,41455,80],{"class":79},[73,41457,84],{"class":83},[73,41459,246],{"class":245},[73,41461,249],{"class":83},[73,41463,41464,41466,41468,41470],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,41465,80],{"class":79},[73,41467,84],{"class":83},[73,41469,276],{"class":245},[73,41471,249],{"class":83},[73,41473,41474,41476,41478,41480,41482,41484],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,41475,80],{"class":79},[73,41477,84],{"class":83},[73,41479,288],{"class":87},[73,41481,84],{"class":83},[73,41483,246],{"class":245},[73,41485,102],{"class":83},[73,41487,41488,41490,41492,41494,41496,41498],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,41489,80],{"class":79},[73,41491,84],{"class":83},[73,41493,288],{"class":87},[73,41495,84],{"class":83},[73,41497,276],{"class":245},[73,41499,102],{"class":83},[20,41501,148],{},[64,41503,41505],{"className":66,"code":41504,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,41506,41507,41512,41516,41530],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41508,41509],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41510,41511],{"class":116},"6.5\n",[73,41513,41514],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,41515,41511],{"class":116},[73,41517,41518,41520,41522,41524,41526,41528],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,41519,330],{"class":220},[73,41521,334],{"class":333},[73,41523,337],{"class":93},[73,41525,340],{"class":97},[73,41527,343],{"class":93},[73,41529,346],{"class":220},[73,41531,41532,41534,41536,41538,41540,41542],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,41533,330],{"class":220},[73,41535,334],{"class":333},[73,41537,337],{"class":93},[73,41539,1773],{"class":97},[73,41541,343],{"class":93},[73,41543,346],{"class":220},[20,41545,41546],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[59,41548,41550],{"id":41549},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[403,41552,41554,41555,41557],{"id":41553},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,41556,1174],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,41559,1580,41560,41564,41565,653],{},[646,41561,41562,652],{"href":1171},[15,41563,1174],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,41566,651],{},[64,41568,41570],{"className":66,"code":41569,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,41571,41572,41591,41605,41609],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41573,41574,41576,41578,41580,41582,41584,41587,41589],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41575,8746],{"class":216},[73,41577,221],{"class":220},[73,41579,8751],{"class":79},[73,41581,84],{"class":83},[73,41583,94],{"class":93},[73,41585,41586],{"class":97},"Enter a price: ",[73,41588,94],{"class":93},[73,41590,249],{"class":83},[73,41592,41593,41595,41597,41599,41601,41603],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,41594,40893],{"class":216},[73,41596,221],{"class":220},[73,41598,40761],{"class":87},[73,41600,84],{"class":83},[73,41602,8775],{"class":245},[73,41604,249],{"class":83},[73,41606,41607],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,41608,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,41610,41611,41613,41615,41617,41619,41621],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,41612,80],{"class":79},[73,41614,84],{"class":83},[73,41616,40893],{"class":245},[73,41618,40380],{"class":220},[73,41620,143],{"class":116},[73,41622,249],{"class":83},[20,41624,41625,41626,41628],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41627,2157],{},", the output will be:",[64,41630,41632],{"className":66,"code":41631,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"9.0\n",[15,41633,41634],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41635,41636],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41637,41631],{"class":116},[20,41639,41640,41641,653],{},"For more help with this, see ",[646,41642,1167],{"href":1166},[403,41644,41646],{"id":41645},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[64,41648,41650],{"className":66,"code":41649,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41651,41652,41665,41678,41682,41706],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41653,41654,41656,41658,41660,41663],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41655,3086],{"class":216},[73,41657,221],{"class":220},[73,41659,224],{"class":93},[73,41661,41662],{"class":97},"2.5",[73,41664,230],{"class":93},[73,41666,41667,41669,41671,41673,41676],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,41668,3114],{"class":216},[73,41670,221],{"class":220},[73,41672,224],{"class":93},[73,41674,41675],{"class":97},"1.5",[73,41677,230],{"class":93},[73,41679,41680],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,41681,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,41683,41684,41686,41688,41690,41692,41694,41696,41698,41700,41702,41704],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,41685,1407],{"class":216},[73,41687,221],{"class":220},[73,41689,40761],{"class":87},[73,41691,84],{"class":83},[73,41693,646],{"class":245},[73,41695,4177],{"class":83},[73,41697,2985],{"class":220},[73,41699,40761],{"class":87},[73,41701,84],{"class":83},[73,41703,5274],{"class":245},[73,41705,249],{"class":83},[73,41707,41708,41710,41712,41714],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,41709,80],{"class":79},[73,41711,84],{"class":83},[73,41713,1431],{"class":245},[73,41715,249],{"class":83},[20,41717,148],{},[64,41719,41721],{"className":66,"code":41720,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"4.0\n",[15,41722,41723],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41724,41725],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41726,41720],{"class":116},[403,41728,41730],{"id":41729},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41732,41733],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[64,41735,41737],{"className":66,"code":41736,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41738,41739,41749,41764,41768],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41740,41741,41744,41746],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41742,41743],{"class":216},"count ",[73,41745,221],{"class":220},[73,41747,41748],{"class":116}," 7\n",[73,41750,41751,41753,41755,41757,41759,41762],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,41752,2766],{"class":216},[73,41754,221],{"class":220},[73,41756,40761],{"class":87},[73,41758,84],{"class":83},[73,41760,41761],{"class":245},"count",[73,41763,249],{"class":83},[73,41765,41766],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,41767,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,41769,41770,41772,41774,41776],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,41771,80],{"class":79},[73,41773,84],{"class":83},[73,41775,2800],{"class":245},[73,41777,249],{"class":83},[20,41779,148],{},[64,41781,41783],{"className":66,"code":41782,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"7.0\n",[15,41784,41785],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41786,41787],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41788,41782],{"class":116},[403,41790,41792],{"id":41791},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41794,41795,41796,41798],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41797,651],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[64,41800,41802],{"className":66,"code":41801,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41803,41804,41818,41834,41838],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41805,41806,41809,41811,41813,41816],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41807,41808],{"class":216},"temperature_text ",[73,41810,221],{"class":220},[73,41812,224],{"class":93},[73,41814,41815],{"class":97},"21.8",[73,41817,230],{"class":93},[73,41819,41820,41823,41825,41827,41829,41832],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,41821,41822],{"class":216},"temperature ",[73,41824,221],{"class":220},[73,41826,40761],{"class":87},[73,41828,84],{"class":83},[73,41830,41831],{"class":245},"temperature_text",[73,41833,249],{"class":83},[73,41835,41836],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,41837,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,41839,41840,41842,41844,41847],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,41841,80],{"class":79},[73,41843,84],{"class":83},[73,41845,41846],{"class":245},"temperature",[73,41848,249],{"class":83},[59,41850,41852],{"id":41851},"special-values","Special values",[20,41854,41855,41857],{},[15,41856,651],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[403,41859,41861],{"id":41860},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[64,41863,41865],{"className":66,"code":41864,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41866,41867],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41868,41869,41871,41873,41875,41877,41879,41882,41884],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41870,80],{"class":79},[73,41872,84],{"class":83},[73,41874,1773],{"class":87},[73,41876,84],{"class":83},[73,41878,94],{"class":93},[73,41880,41881],{"class":97},"inf",[73,41883,94],{"class":93},[73,41885,102],{"class":83},[20,41887,148],{},[64,41889,41891],{"className":66,"code":41890,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"inf\n",[15,41892,41893],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41894,41895],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41896,41890],{"class":216},[403,41898,41900],{"id":41899},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[64,41902,41904],{"className":66,"code":41903,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41905,41906],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41907,41908,41910,41912,41914,41916,41918,41921,41923],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41909,80],{"class":79},[73,41911,84],{"class":83},[73,41913,1773],{"class":87},[73,41915,84],{"class":83},[73,41917,94],{"class":93},[73,41919,41920],{"class":97},"-inf",[73,41922,94],{"class":93},[73,41924,102],{"class":83},[20,41926,148],{},[64,41928,41930],{"className":66,"code":41929,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"-inf\n",[15,41931,41932],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41933,41934,41936],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41935,746],{"class":220},[73,41937,41890],{"class":216},[403,41939,41941],{"id":41940},"not-a-number","Not a number",[64,41943,41945],{"className":66,"code":41944,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41946,41947],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41948,41949,41951,41953,41955,41957,41959,41962,41964],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41950,80],{"class":79},[73,41952,84],{"class":83},[73,41954,1773],{"class":87},[73,41956,84],{"class":83},[73,41958,94],{"class":93},[73,41960,41961],{"class":97},"nan",[73,41963,94],{"class":93},[73,41965,102],{"class":83},[20,41967,148],{},[64,41969,41971],{"className":66,"code":41970,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"nan\n",[15,41972,41973],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,41974,41975],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,41976,41970],{"class":216},[20,41978,41979],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[33,41981,41982,41987,41992],{},[36,41983,41984,41986],{},[15,41985,41881],{}," means positive infinity",[36,41988,41989,41991],{},[15,41990,41920],{}," means negative infinity",[36,41993,41994,41996],{},[15,41995,41961],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41998,41999,42000,42002],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,42001,651],{}," accepts them.",[59,42004,42006],{"id":42005},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,42008,42009,42010,42012],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,42011,651],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[403,42014,781],{"id":1652},[20,42016,15698,42017,42019],{},[15,42018,781],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,42021,42022],{},"Common causes:",[33,42024,42025,42031,42034,42037],{},[36,42026,42027,42028],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,42029,42030],{},"\"abc\"",[36,42032,42033],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[36,42035,42036],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[36,42038,5217,42039],{},[646,42040,42041,42043],{"href":1171},[15,42042,1174],{}," returns a string",[20,42045,206],{},[64,42047,42049],{"className":66,"code":42048,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,42050,42051,42064],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,42052,42053,42055,42057,42059,42062],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,42054,2202],{"class":216},[73,42056,221],{"class":220},[73,42058,224],{"class":93},[73,42060,42061],{"class":97},"abc",[73,42063,230],{"class":93},[73,42065,42066,42068,42070,42072,42074,42076],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,42067,80],{"class":79},[73,42069,84],{"class":83},[73,42071,1773],{"class":87},[73,42073,84],{"class":83},[73,42075,967],{"class":245},[73,42077,102],{"class":83},[403,42079,1630],{"id":1811},[20,42081,15698,42082,42084],{},[15,42083,1630],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,42086,42022],{},[33,42088,42089,42092,42095],{},[36,42090,42091],{},"Passing a list",[36,42093,42094],{},"Passing a dictionary",[36,42096,42097],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,42099,206],{},[64,42101,42103],{"className":66,"code":42102,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,42104,42105,42130],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,42106,42107,42109,42111,42113,42115,42117,42119,42121,42123,42126,42128],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,42108,2202],{"class":216},[73,42110,221],{"class":220},[73,42112,10997],{"class":83},[73,42114,94],{"class":93},[73,42116,25660],{"class":97},[73,42118,94],{"class":93},[73,42120,1063],{"class":83},[73,42122,224],{"class":93},[73,42124,42125],{"class":97},"9.99",[73,42127,94],{"class":93},[73,42129,9814],{"class":83},[73,42131,42132,42134,42136,42138,42140,42142],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,42133,80],{"class":79},[73,42135,84],{"class":83},[73,42137,1773],{"class":87},[73,42139,84],{"class":83},[73,42141,967],{"class":245},[73,42143,102],{"class":83},[403,42145,42147],{"id":42146},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,42149,42150,42151,42154],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,42152,42153],{},"strip()"," can help:",[64,42156,42158],{"className":66,"code":42157,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,42159,42160,42173,42188,42192],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,42161,42162,42164,42166,42168,42171],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,42163,2202],{"class":216},[73,42165,221],{"class":220},[73,42167,224],{"class":93},[73,42169,42170],{"class":97},"  7.25  ",[73,42172,230],{"class":93},[73,42174,42175,42178,42180,42182,42184,42186],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,42176,42177],{"class":216},"clean_value ",[73,42179,221],{"class":220},[73,42181,8942],{"class":216},[73,42183,653],{"class":83},[73,42185,9142],{"class":245},[73,42187,9151],{"class":83},[73,42189,42190],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,42191,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,42193,42194,42196,42198,42200,42202,42205],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,42195,80],{"class":79},[73,42197,84],{"class":83},[73,42199,1773],{"class":87},[73,42201,84],{"class":83},[73,42203,42204],{"class":245},"clean_value",[73,42206,102],{"class":83},[20,42208,148],{},[64,42210,42212],{"className":66,"code":42211,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"7.25\n",[15,42213,42214],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,42215,42216],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,42217,42211],{"class":116},[403,42219,42221],{"id":42220},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,42223,42224],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[64,42226,42228],{"className":66,"code":42227,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,42229,42230,42243,42247,42257,42271,42286,42290,42304],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,42231,42232,42234,42236,42238,42241],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,42233,2202],{"class":216},[73,42235,221],{"class":220},[73,42237,224],{"class":93},[73,42239,42240],{"class":97}," 3.5 ",[73,42242,230],{"class":93},[73,42244,42245],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,42246,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,42248,42249,42251,42253,42255],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,42250,80],{"class":79},[73,42252,84],{"class":83},[73,42254,967],{"class":245},[73,42256,249],{"class":83},[73,42258,42259,42261,42263,42265,42267,42269],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,42260,80],{"class":79},[73,42262,84],{"class":83},[73,42264,288],{"class":87},[73,42266,84],{"class":83},[73,42268,967],{"class":245},[73,42270,102],{"class":83},[73,42272,42273,42275,42277,42280,42282,42284],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,42274,80],{"class":79},[73,42276,84],{"class":83},[73,42278,42279],{"class":79},"repr",[73,42281,84],{"class":83},[73,42283,967],{"class":245},[73,42285,102],{"class":83},[73,42287,42288],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,42289,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,42291,42292,42294,42296,42298,42300,42302],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,42293,42177],{"class":216},[73,42295,221],{"class":220},[73,42297,8942],{"class":216},[73,42299,653],{"class":83},[73,42301,9142],{"class":245},[73,42303,9151],{"class":83},[73,42305,42306,42308,42310,42312,42314,42316],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,42307,80],{"class":79},[73,42309,84],{"class":83},[73,42311,1773],{"class":87},[73,42313,84],{"class":83},[73,42315,42204],{"class":245},[73,42317,102],{"class":83},[20,42319,42320],{},"Why this helps:",[33,42322,42323,42329,42334,42340],{},[36,42324,42325,42328],{},[15,42326,42327],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[36,42330,42331,21880],{},[15,42332,42333],{},"print(type(value))",[36,42335,42336,42339],{},[15,42337,42338],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[36,42341,42342,42344],{},[15,42343,42153],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[403,42346,42348],{"id":42347},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,42350,42351],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[64,42353,42355],{"className":66,"code":42354,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,42356,42357,42376,42380,42386,42401,42420,42428],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,42358,42359,42361,42363,42365,42367,42369,42372,42374],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,42360,2202],{"class":216},[73,42362,221],{"class":220},[73,42364,8751],{"class":79},[73,42366,84],{"class":83},[73,42368,94],{"class":93},[73,42370,42371],{"class":97},"Enter a number: ",[73,42373,94],{"class":93},[73,42375,249],{"class":83},[73,42377,42378],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,42379,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,42381,42382,42384],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,42383,1669],{"class":933},[73,42385,946],{"class":83},[73,42387,42388,42391,42393,42395,42397,42399],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,42389,42390],{"class":216},"    number ",[73,42392,221],{"class":220},[73,42394,40761],{"class":87},[73,42396,84],{"class":83},[73,42398,967],{"class":245},[73,42400,249],{"class":83},[73,42402,42403,42405,42407,42409,42412,42414,42416,42418],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,42404,1676],{"class":79},[73,42406,84],{"class":83},[73,42408,94],{"class":93},[73,42410,42411],{"class":97},"Converted:",[73,42413,94],{"class":93},[73,42415,140],{"class":83},[73,42417,2735],{"class":245},[73,42419,249],{"class":83},[73,42421,42422,42424,42426],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,42423,1695],{"class":933},[73,42425,977],{"class":87},[73,42427,946],{"class":83},[73,42429,42430,42432,42434,42436,42439,42441],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,42431,1676],{"class":79},[73,42433,84],{"class":83},[73,42435,94],{"class":93},[73,42437,42438],{"class":97},"That is not a valid number.",[73,42440,94],{"class":93},[73,42442,249],{"class":83},[20,42444,42445,42446,653],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[646,42447,41400],{"href":41399},[59,42449,42451],{"id":42450},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,42453,11097,42454,1647,42456,42458],{},[15,42455,651],{},[15,42457,17],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,42460,42461,42463],{},[15,42462,651],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[64,42465,42467],{"className":66,"code":42466,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42468,42469],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,42470,42471,42473,42475,42477,42479,42481,42483,42485],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,42472,80],{"class":79},[73,42474,84],{"class":83},[73,42476,1773],{"class":87},[73,42478,84],{"class":83},[73,42480,94],{"class":93},[73,42482,117],{"class":97},[73,42484,94],{"class":93},[73,42486,102],{"class":83},[20,42488,148],{},[64,42490,42492],{"className":66,"code":42491,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"3.9\n",[15,42493,42494],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,42495,42496],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,42497,42491],{"class":116},[20,42499,42500,42502],{},[15,42501,17],{}," creates whole numbers:",[64,42504,42506],{"className":66,"code":42505,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,42507,42508],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,42509,42510,42512,42514,42516,42518,42520,42522,42524],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,42511,80],{"class":79},[73,42513,84],{"class":83},[73,42515,88],{"class":87},[73,42517,84],{"class":83},[73,42519,94],{"class":93},[73,42521,452],{"class":97},[73,42523,94],{"class":93},[73,42525,102],{"class":83},[20,42527,148],{},[64,42529,42530],{"className":66,"code":498,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,42531,42532],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,42533,42534],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,42535,498],{"class":116},[20,42537,42538,42539,42542],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,42540,42541],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[64,42544,42546],{"className":66,"code":42545,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42547,42548],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,42549,42550,42552,42554,42556,42558,42560,42562,42564],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,42551,80],{"class":79},[73,42553,84],{"class":83},[73,42555,88],{"class":87},[73,42557,84],{"class":83},[73,42559,94],{"class":93},[73,42561,117],{"class":97},[73,42563,94],{"class":93},[73,42565,102],{"class":83},[20,42567,3526,42568,1631,42570,42573],{},[15,42569,781],{},[15,42571,42572],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,42575,11220],{},[33,42577,42578,42584],{},[36,42579,42580,42583],{},[15,42581,42582],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[36,42585,42586,42588],{},[15,42587,42541],{}," fails",[20,42590,42591,42592,42594,42595,42597],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[646,42593,5],{"href":3405},". You may also find ",[646,42596,2951],{"href":2950}," helpful.",[59,42599,2350],{"id":2349},[403,42601,42603],{"id":42602},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42605,42606,42607,3408,42609,653],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42608,3022],{},[15,42610,896],{},[403,42612,42614],{"id":42613},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42616,42617,42618,3408,42621,653],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42619,42620],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42622,419],{},[403,42624,42626],{"id":42625},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42628,2374,42629,42631,42632,653],{},[15,42630,42030],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42633,781],{},[403,42635,42637],{"id":42636},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42639,2394,42640,653],{},[15,42641,4283],{},[403,42643,42645],{"id":42644},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42647,42648,42649,1301,42651,1647,42654,1301,42656,653],{},"Yes. ",[15,42650,430],{},[15,42652,42653],{},"1.0",[15,42655,1367],{},[15,42657,4283],{},[59,42659,2413],{"id":2412},[33,42661,42662,42666,42671,42676,42680,42684],{},[36,42663,42664],{},[646,42665,5],{"href":3405},[36,42667,42668],{},[646,42669,42670],{"href":1323},"Python str() Function Explained",[36,42672,42673],{},[646,42674,42675],{"href":41395},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[36,42677,42678],{},[646,42679,2444],{"href":1166},[36,42681,42682],{},[646,42683,41400],{"href":41399},[36,42685,42686],{},[646,42687,42688],{"href":1171},"Python input() Function Explained",[2459,42690,42691],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":42693},[42694,42695,42696,42697,42704,42709,42710,42717,42722,42729,42730,42737],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":40696,"depth":105,"text":40697},{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":40921,"depth":105,"text":40922,"children":42698},[42699,42700,42701,42702,42703],{"id":40930,"depth":122,"text":40931},{"id":40994,"depth":122,"text":40995},{"id":41058,"depth":122,"text":41059},{"id":41100,"depth":122,"text":41101},{"id":41155,"depth":122,"text":41156},{"id":41194,"depth":105,"text":41195,"children":42705},[42706,42707,42708],{"id":41203,"depth":122,"text":41204},{"id":41288,"depth":122,"text":41289},{"id":41357,"depth":122,"text":41358},{"id":17929,"depth":105,"text":17930},{"id":41549,"depth":105,"text":41550,"children":42711},[42712,42714,42715,42716],{"id":41553,"depth":122,"text":42713},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41645,"depth":122,"text":41646},{"id":41729,"depth":122,"text":41730},{"id":41791,"depth":122,"text":41792},{"id":41851,"depth":105,"text":41852,"children":42718},[42719,42720,42721],{"id":41860,"depth":122,"text":41861},{"id":41899,"depth":122,"text":41900},{"id":41940,"depth":122,"text":41941},{"id":42005,"depth":105,"text":42006,"children":42723},[42724,42725,42726,42727,42728],{"id":1652,"depth":122,"text":781},{"id":1811,"depth":122,"text":1630},{"id":42146,"depth":122,"text":42147},{"id":42220,"depth":122,"text":42221},{"id":42347,"depth":122,"text":42348},{"id":42450,"depth":105,"text":42451},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":42731},[42732,42733,42734,42735,42736],{"id":42602,"depth":122,"text":42603},{"id":42613,"depth":122,"text":42614},{"id":42625,"depth":122,"text":42626},{"id":42636,"depth":122,"text":42637},{"id":42644,"depth":122,"text":42645},{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40598,"description":42738},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42745,"title":42746,"body":42747,"description":43965,"extension":2511,"meta":43966,"navigation":254,"path":35530,"seo":43967,"stem":43968,"__hash__":43969},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42748,"toc":43931},[42749,42752,42757,42760,42762,42801,42815,42819,42824,42827,42844,42847,42857,42872,42875,42877,42880,42895,42898,42901,42921,42925,42936,42939,42943,42947,42961,42996,43000,43011,43046,43049,43051,43059,43092,43108,43110,43120,43141,43152,43154,43159,43162,43176,43178,43197,43200,43213,43216,43220,43224,43238,43241,43259,43262,43277,43281,43286,43300,43306,43308,43365,43367,43400,43403,43419,43423,43430,43434,43439,43442,43453,43457,43462,43477,43486,43491,43510,43513,43525,43527,43532,43542,43545,43574,43579,43588,43592,43597,43600,43604,43609,43611,43641,43644,43651,43656,43661,43665,43668,43676,43679,43757,43760,43782,43784,43788,43791,43795,43801,43862,43866,43874,43878,43881,43883,43908,43928],[10,42750,42746],{"id":42751},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42753,4098,42754,42756],{},[15,42755,35533],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42758,42759],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[59,42761,62],{"id":61},[64,42763,42765],{"className":66,"code":42764,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42766,42767,42777,42787],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,42768,42769,42771,42773,42775],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,42770,32659],{"class":79},[73,42772,84],{"class":83},[73,42774,11670],{"class":79},[73,42776,249],{"class":83},[73,42778,42779,42781,42783,42785],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,42780,32659],{"class":79},[73,42782,84],{"class":83},[73,42784,340],{"class":87},[73,42786,249],{"class":83},[73,42788,42789,42791,42793,42795,42797,42799],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,42790,32659],{"class":79},[73,42792,84],{"class":83},[73,42794,343],{"class":93},[73,42796,35166],{"class":97},[73,42798,343],{"class":93},[73,42800,249],{"class":83},[20,42802,171,42803,42805,42806,3408,42808,42810,42811,42814],{},[15,42804,35533],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42807,11670],{},[15,42809,340],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42812,42813],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[59,42816,42818],{"id":42817},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42820,42821,42823],{},[15,42822,35533],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42825,42826],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[33,42828,42829,42832,42835,42838,42841],{},[36,42830,42831],{},"Functions",[36,42833,42834],{},"Classes",[36,42836,42837],{},"Methods",[36,42839,42840],{},"Modules",[36,42842,42843],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42845,42846],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42848,42849,42850,42856],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[646,42851,42853],{"href":42852},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42854,42855],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[64,42858,42860],{"className":66,"code":42859,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"help(len)\n",[15,42861,42862],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,42863,42864,42866,42868,42870],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,42865,32659],{"class":79},[73,42867,84],{"class":83},[73,42869,11670],{"class":79},[73,42871,249],{"class":83},[20,42873,42874],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[59,42876,370],{"id":369},[20,42878,42879],{},"The main form is:",[64,42881,42883],{"className":66,"code":42882,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"help(object)\n",[15,42884,42885],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,42886,42887,42889,42891,42893],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,42888,32659],{"class":79},[73,42890,84],{"class":83},[73,42892,1899],{"class":87},[73,42894,249],{"class":83},[20,42896,42897],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42899,42900],{},"Common examples include:",[33,42902,42903,42907,42912,42916],{},[36,42904,42905],{},[15,42906,11670],{},[36,42908,42909],{},[15,42910,42911],{},"list.append",[36,42913,42914],{},[15,42915,340],{},[36,42917,42918],{},[15,42919,42920],{},"open",[20,42922,7685,42923,7688],{},[15,42924,35533],{},[64,42926,42928],{"className":66,"code":42927,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"help()\n",[15,42929,42930],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,42931,42932,42934],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,42933,32659],{"class":79},[73,42935,9151],{"class":83},[20,42937,42938],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[59,42940,42942],{"id":42941},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[403,42944,42946],{"id":42945},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42948,42949,42950,2728,42952,2728,42954,17583,42957,653],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42951,11670],{},[15,42953,80],{},[15,42955,42956],{},"input",[646,42958,42959],{"href":2834},[15,42960,2837],{},[64,42962,42964],{"className":66,"code":42963,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42965,42966,42976,42986],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,42967,42968,42970,42972,42974],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,42969,32659],{"class":79},[73,42971,84],{"class":83},[73,42973,80],{"class":79},[73,42975,249],{"class":83},[73,42977,42978,42980,42982,42984],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,42979,32659],{"class":79},[73,42981,84],{"class":83},[73,42983,42956],{"class":79},[73,42985,249],{"class":83},[73,42987,42988,42990,42992,42994],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,42989,32659],{"class":79},[73,42991,84],{"class":83},[73,42993,288],{"class":87},[73,42995,249],{"class":83},[403,42997,42999],{"id":42998},"data-types","Data types",[20,43001,43002,43003,2728,43005,2728,43007,17583,43009,653],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,43004,340],{},[15,43006,8604],{},[15,43008,9330],{},[15,43010,6798],{},[64,43012,43014],{"className":66,"code":43013,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,43015,43016,43026,43036],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,43017,43018,43020,43022,43024],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,43019,32659],{"class":79},[73,43021,84],{"class":83},[73,43023,340],{"class":87},[73,43025,249],{"class":83},[73,43027,43028,43030,43032,43034],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,43029,32659],{"class":79},[73,43031,84],{"class":83},[73,43033,8604],{"class":87},[73,43035,249],{"class":83},[73,43037,43038,43040,43042,43044],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,43039,32659],{"class":79},[73,43041,84],{"class":83},[73,43043,9330],{"class":87},[73,43045,249],{"class":83},[20,43047,43048],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[403,43050,42837],{"id":35013},[20,43052,43053,43054,1647,43057,653],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,43055,43056],{},"str.split",[15,43058,42911],{},[64,43060,43062],{"className":66,"code":43061,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,43063,43064,43078],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,43065,43066,43068,43070,43072,43074,43076],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,43067,32659],{"class":79},[73,43069,84],{"class":83},[73,43071,340],{"class":87},[73,43073,653],{"class":83},[73,43075,34976],{"class":25260},[73,43077,249],{"class":83},[73,43079,43080,43082,43084,43086,43088,43090],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,43081,32659],{"class":79},[73,43083,84],{"class":83},[73,43085,8604],{"class":87},[73,43087,653],{"class":83},[73,43089,14064],{"class":25260},[73,43091,249],{"class":83},[20,43093,43094,43095,9213,43097,2398,43102,43104,43105,43107],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,43096,35533],{},[646,43098,43100],{"href":43099},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,43101,34818],{},[15,43103,34818],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,43106,35533],{}," explains one of them.",[403,43109,42840],{"id":35166},[20,43111,43112,43113,2728,43115,17583,43117,653],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,43114,18929],{},[15,43116,35696],{},[15,43118,43119],{},"os",[64,43121,43123],{"className":66,"code":43122,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,43124,43125,43131],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,43126,43127,43129],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,43128,35597],{"class":933},[73,43130,35600],{"class":216},[73,43132,43133,43135,43137,43139],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,43134,32659],{"class":79},[73,43136,84],{"class":83},[73,43138,18929],{"class":245},[73,43140,249],{"class":83},[20,43142,43143,43144,43148,43149,653],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[646,43145,43147],{"href":43146},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[646,43150,35663],{"href":43151},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[59,43153,35424],{"id":35423},[20,43155,43156,43158],{},[15,43157,35533],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,43160,43161],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[33,43163,43164,43167,43170,43173],{},[36,43165,43166],{},"The function signature",[36,43168,43169],{},"The short description",[36,43171,43172],{},"Parameter names",[36,43174,43175],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,43177,5985],{},[64,43179,43181],{"className":66,"code":43180,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"help(str.split)\n",[15,43182,43183],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,43184,43185,43187,43189,43191,43193,43195],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,43186,32659],{"class":79},[73,43188,84],{"class":83},[73,43190,340],{"class":87},[73,43192,653],{"class":83},[73,43194,34976],{"class":25260},[73,43196,249],{"class":83},[20,43198,43199],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[33,43201,43202,43205,43208,43210],{},[36,43203,43204],{},"What object this is",[36,43206,43207],{},"What arguments it accepts",[36,43209,22481],{},[36,43211,43212],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,43214,43215],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[59,43217,43219],{"id":43218},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,43221,43222,30380],{},[15,43223,35533],{},[33,43225,43226,43229,43232,43235],{},[36,43227,43228],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[36,43230,43231],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[36,43233,43234],{},"You are exploring a new module",[36,43236,43237],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,43239,43240],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[64,43242,43243],{"className":66,"code":43180,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,43244,43245],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,43246,43247,43249,43251,43253,43255,43257],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,43248,32659],{"class":79},[73,43250,84],{"class":83},[73,43252,340],{"class":87},[73,43254,653],{"class":83},[73,43256,34976],{"class":25260},[73,43258,249],{"class":83},[20,43260,43261],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[64,43263,43265],{"className":66,"code":43264,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"help(open)\n",[15,43266,43267],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,43268,43269,43271,43273,43275],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,43270,32659],{"class":79},[73,43272,84],{"class":83},[73,43274,42920],{"class":79},[73,43276,249],{"class":83},[59,43278,43280],{"id":43279},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,43282,43283,43285],{},[15,43284,35533],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[33,43287,43288,43291,43294,43297],{},[36,43289,43290],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[36,43292,43293],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[36,43295,43296],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[36,43298,43299],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,43301,43302,43303,43305],{},"So, ",[15,43304,35533],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,43307,5985],{},[64,43309,43311],{"className":66,"code":43310,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,43312,43313,43326,43350,43354],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,43314,43315,43317,43319,43321,43324],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,43316,217],{"class":216},[73,43318,221],{"class":220},[73,43320,224],{"class":93},[73,43322,43323],{"class":97},"a,b,c",[73,43325,230],{"class":93},[73,43327,43328,43331,43333,43336,43338,43340,43342,43344,43346,43348],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,43329,43330],{"class":216},"parts ",[73,43332,221],{"class":220},[73,43334,43335],{"class":216}," text",[73,43337,653],{"class":83},[73,43339,34976],{"class":245},[73,43341,84],{"class":83},[73,43343,94],{"class":93},[73,43345,140],{"class":97},[73,43347,94],{"class":93},[73,43349,249],{"class":83},[73,43351,43352],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,43353,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,43355,43356,43358,43360,43363],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,43357,80],{"class":79},[73,43359,84],{"class":83},[73,43361,43362],{"class":245},"parts",[73,43364,249],{"class":83},[20,43366,6072],{},[64,43368,43370],{"className":66,"code":43369,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,43371,43372],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,43373,43374,43376,43378,43380,43382,43384,43386,43388,43390,43392,43394,43396,43398],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,43375,4410],{"class":83},[73,43377,343],{"class":93},[73,43379,646],{"class":97},[73,43381,343],{"class":93},[73,43383,140],{"class":83},[73,43385,337],{"class":93},[73,43387,5274],{"class":97},[73,43389,343],{"class":93},[73,43391,140],{"class":83},[73,43393,337],{"class":93},[73,43395,10245],{"class":97},[73,43397,343],{"class":93},[73,43399,924],{"class":83},[20,43401,43402],{},"A good workflow is:",[29223,43404,43405,43410,43413,43416],{},[36,43406,171,43407,43409],{},[15,43408,35533],{}," to inspect something",[36,43411,43412],{},"Write a tiny example",[36,43414,43415],{},"Check the result",[36,43417,43418],{},"Repeat",[59,43420,43422],{"id":43421},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,43424,43425,1647,43427,43429],{},[15,43426,35533],{},[15,43428,34818],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[403,43431,43432],{"id":32659},[15,43433,35533],{},[20,43435,171,43436,43438],{},[15,43437,35533],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,43440,43441],{},"It tells you:",[33,43443,43444,43447,43450],{},[36,43445,43446],{},"What something is",[36,43448,43449],{},"How to use it",[36,43451,43452],{},"What parameters it accepts",[403,43454,43455],{"id":34879},[15,43456,34818],{},[20,43458,171,43459,43461],{},[15,43460,34818],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[64,43463,43465],{"className":66,"code":43464,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dir(str)\n",[15,43466,43467],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,43468,43469,43471,43473,43475],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,43470,34879],{"class":79},[73,43472,84],{"class":83},[73,43474,340],{"class":87},[73,43476,249],{"class":83},[20,43478,43479,43480,2728,43482,17583,43484,653],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,43481,34976],{},[15,43483,9142],{},[15,43485,9148],{},[20,43487,43488,43489,1063],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,43490,35533],{},[64,43492,43494],{"className":66,"code":43493,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,43495,43496],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,43497,43498,43500,43502,43504,43506,43508],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,43499,32659],{"class":79},[73,43501,84],{"class":83},[73,43503,340],{"class":87},[73,43505,653],{"class":83},[73,43507,9148],{"class":25260},[73,43509,249],{"class":83},[20,43511,43512],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[33,43514,43515,43520],{},[36,43516,171,43517,43519],{},[15,43518,34818],{}," to discover options",[36,43521,171,43522,43524],{},[15,43523,35533],{}," to understand one option",[59,43526,2102],{"id":2101},[20,43528,43529,43530,653],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,43531,35533],{},[403,43533,657,43535,43538,43539],{"id":43534},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,43536,43537],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,43540,43541],{},"help(len)",[20,43543,43544],{},"These are not always the same.",[64,43546,43548],{"className":66,"code":43547,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,43549,43550,43560],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,43551,43552,43554,43556,43558],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,43553,32659],{"class":79},[73,43555,84],{"class":83},[73,43557,11670],{"class":79},[73,43559,249],{"class":83},[73,43561,43562,43564,43566,43568,43570,43572],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,43563,32659],{"class":79},[73,43565,84],{"class":83},[73,43567,343],{"class":93},[73,43569,11670],{"class":97},[73,43571,343],{"class":93},[73,43573,249],{"class":83},[20,43575,43576,43578],{},[15,43577,43541],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,43580,43581,43583,43584,43587],{},[15,43582,43537],{}," treats ",[15,43585,43586],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[403,43589,43591],{"id":43590},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,43593,43594,43596],{},[15,43595,35533],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43598,43599],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[403,43601,43603],{"id":43602},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43605,40849,43606,43608],{},[15,43607,35533],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43610,206],{},[64,43612,43614],{"className":66,"code":43613,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43615,43616,43626],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,43617,43618,43620,43622,43624],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,43619,32659],{"class":79},[73,43621,84],{"class":83},[73,43623,11670],{"class":79},[73,43625,249],{"class":83},[73,43627,43628,43630,43632,43634,43637,43639],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,43629,80],{"class":79},[73,43631,84],{"class":83},[73,43633,94],{"class":93},[73,43635,43636],{"class":97},"Done",[73,43638,94],{"class":93},[73,43640,249],{"class":83},[20,43642,43643],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[403,43645,37711,43647,9213,43649],{"id":43646},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43648,35533],{},[15,43650,34818],{},[20,43652,43653,43654,653],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43655,34818],{},[20,43657,43658,43659,653],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43660,35533],{},[59,43662,43664],{"id":43663},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43666,43667],{},"Open Python:",[64,43669,43670],{"className":66,"code":36048,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,43671,43672],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,43673,43674],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,43675,36048],{"class":216},[20,43677,43678],{},"Then test these commands:",[64,43680,43682],{"className":66,"code":43681,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43683,43684,43694,43708,43722,43732,43747],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,43685,43686,43688,43690,43692],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,43687,32659],{"class":79},[73,43689,84],{"class":83},[73,43691,11670],{"class":79},[73,43693,249],{"class":83},[73,43695,43696,43698,43700,43702,43704,43706],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,43697,32659],{"class":79},[73,43699,84],{"class":83},[73,43701,340],{"class":87},[73,43703,653],{"class":83},[73,43705,34976],{"class":25260},[73,43707,249],{"class":83},[73,43709,43710,43712,43714,43716,43718,43720],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,43711,32659],{"class":79},[73,43713,84],{"class":83},[73,43715,8604],{"class":87},[73,43717,653],{"class":83},[73,43719,14064],{"class":25260},[73,43721,249],{"class":83},[73,43723,43724,43726,43728,43730],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,43725,32659],{"class":79},[73,43727,84],{"class":83},[73,43729,42920],{"class":79},[73,43731,249],{"class":83},[73,43733,43734,43736,43738,43740,43743,43745],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,43735,32659],{"class":79},[73,43737,84],{"class":83},[73,43739,343],{"class":93},[73,43741,43742],{"class":97},"keywords",[73,43744,343],{"class":93},[73,43746,249],{"class":83},[73,43748,43749,43751,43753,43755],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,43750,34879],{"class":79},[73,43752,84],{"class":83},[73,43754,340],{"class":87},[73,43756,249],{"class":83},[20,43758,43759],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[33,43761,43762,43765,43768,43771,43774,43777],{},[36,43763,43764],{},"A built-in function",[36,43766,43767],{},"A string method",[36,43769,43770],{},"A list method",[36,43772,43773],{},"A built-in file function",[36,43775,43776],{},"A special help topic",[36,43778,15698,43779,43781],{},[15,43780,34818],{}," example for comparison",[59,43783,2350],{"id":2349},[403,43785,43787],{"id":43786},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43789,43790],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[403,43792,43794],{"id":43793},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43796,43797,43798,43800],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43799,35533],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[64,43802,43804],{"className":66,"code":43803,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43805,43806,43818,43829,43848,43852],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,43807,43808,43810,43812,43814,43816],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,43809,35357],{"class":333},[73,43811,35361],{"class":35360},[73,43813,84],{"class":83},[73,43815,8177],{"class":38169},[73,43817,8851],{"class":83},[73,43819,43820,43823,43826],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,43821,43822],{"class":1033},"    \"\"\"",[73,43824,43825],{"class":1036},"Return a friendly greeting.",[73,43827,43828],{"class":1033},"\"\"\"\n",[73,43830,43831,43833,43836,43839,43841,43843,43845],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,43832,35368],{"class":933},[73,43834,43835],{"class":333}," f",[73,43837,43838],{"class":97},"\"Hello, ",[73,43840,999],{"class":116},[73,43842,8177],{"class":216},[73,43844,1007],{"class":116},[73,43846,43847],{"class":97},"!\"\n",[73,43849,43850],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,43851,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,43853,43854,43856,43858,43860],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,43855,32659],{"class":79},[73,43857,84],{"class":83},[73,43859,35403],{"class":245},[73,43861,249],{"class":83},[403,43863,43865],{"id":43864},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43867,43868,43870,43871,43873],{},[15,43869,43541],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43872,43537],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[403,43875,43877],{"id":43876},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43879,43880],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[59,43882,2413],{"id":2412},[33,43884,43885,43890,43894,43899,43904],{},[36,43886,43887],{},[646,43888,43889],{"href":43099},"Python dir() function explained",[36,43891,43892],{},[646,43893,8951],{"href":2834},[36,43895,43896],{},[646,43897,43898],{"href":42852},"Python len() function explained",[36,43900,43901],{},[646,43902,43903],{"href":43146},"How import works in Python",[36,43905,43906],{},[646,43907,35663],{"href":43151},[20,43909,43910,43911,43913,43914,2728,43916,17583,43918,43920,43921,3408,43924,43927],{},"Try ",[15,43912,35533],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43915,11670],{},[15,43917,80],{},[15,43919,42956],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43922,43923],{},"dir(str)",[15,43925,43926],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2459,43929,43930],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":43932},[43933,43934,43935,43936,43942,43943,43944,43945,43949,43957,43958,43964],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":42817,"depth":105,"text":42818},{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":42941,"depth":105,"text":42942,"children":43937},[43938,43939,43940,43941],{"id":42945,"depth":122,"text":42946},{"id":42998,"depth":122,"text":42999},{"id":35013,"depth":122,"text":42837},{"id":35166,"depth":122,"text":42840},{"id":35423,"depth":105,"text":35424},{"id":43218,"depth":105,"text":43219},{"id":43279,"depth":105,"text":43280},{"id":43421,"depth":105,"text":43422,"children":43946},[43947,43948],{"id":32659,"depth":122,"text":35533},{"id":34879,"depth":122,"text":34818},{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102,"children":43950},[43951,43953,43954,43955],{"id":43534,"depth":122,"text":43952},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43590,"depth":122,"text":43591},{"id":43602,"depth":122,"text":43603},{"id":43646,"depth":122,"text":43956},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43663,"depth":105,"text":43664},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":43959},[43960,43961,43962,43963],{"id":43786,"depth":122,"text":43787},{"id":43793,"depth":122,"text":43794},{"id":43864,"depth":122,"text":43865},{"id":43876,"depth":122,"text":43877},{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42746,"description":43965},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43971,"title":43972,"body":43973,"description":45334,"extension":2511,"meta":45335,"navigation":254,"path":45336,"seo":45337,"stem":45338,"__hash__":45339},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43974,"toc":45307},[43975,43981,43986,43992,44002,44061,44071,44082,44087,44093,44095,44113,44121,44123,44125,44140,44143,44154,44156,44247,44250,44254,44259,44280,44282,44393,44395,44422,44433,44437,44440,44523,44525,44533,44539,44545,44549,44552,44662,44664,44677,44680,44694,44702,44709,44714,44728,44734,44847,44849,44910,44913,44919,44925,44928,44950,44953,45023,45026,45057,45064,45066,45069,45087,45090,45102,45108,45110,45115,45141,45144,45216,45218,45224,45227,45233,45236,45242,45252,45258,45261,45268,45271,45273,45304],[10,43976,13,43978,18],{"id":43977},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43979,43980],{},"id()",[20,43982,22,43983,43985],{},[15,43984,43980],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43987,43988,43989,43991],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43990,43980],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43993,171,43994,43996,43997,43999,44000,653],{},[15,43995,43980],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[1194,43998,1196],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,44001,5201],{},[64,44003,44005],{"className":66,"code":44004,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,44006,44007,44019,44033,44037,44047],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,44008,44009,44011,44013,44015,44017],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,44010,8387],{"class":216},[73,44012,221],{"class":220},[73,44014,224],{"class":93},[73,44016,7807],{"class":97},[73,44018,230],{"class":93},[73,44020,44021,44023,44025,44027,44029,44031],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,44022,80],{"class":79},[73,44024,84],{"class":83},[73,44026,13161],{"class":79},[73,44028,84],{"class":83},[73,44030,8177],{"class":245},[73,44032,102],{"class":83},[73,44034,44035],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,44036,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,44038,44039,44042,44044],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,44040,44041],{"class":216},"other ",[73,44043,221],{"class":220},[73,44045,44046],{"class":216}," name\n",[73,44048,44049,44051,44053,44055,44057,44059],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,44050,80],{"class":79},[73,44052,84],{"class":83},[73,44054,13161],{"class":79},[73,44056,84],{"class":83},[73,44058,31249],{"class":245},[73,44060,102],{"class":83},[20,44062,44063,44064,44067,44068,44070],{},"In this example, ",[15,44065,44066],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,44069,43980],{}," values match.",[44072,44073,44074],"blockquote",{},[20,44075,171,44076,44078,44079,44081],{},[15,44077,43980],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,44080,5201],{}," for value comparison.",[59,44083,178,44085,181],{"id":44084},"what-id-does",[15,44086,43980],{},[20,44088,44089,44092],{},[15,44090,44091],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,44094,189],{},[33,44096,44097,44100,44107,44110],{},[36,44098,44099],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[36,44101,44102,44103,44106],{},"It shows ",[1194,44104,44105],{},"object identity",", not object value",[36,44108,44109],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[36,44111,44112],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,44114,44115,44116,44120],{},"This is closely related to how ",[646,44117,44119],{"href":44118},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[59,44122,370],{"id":369},[20,44124,5947],{},[64,44126,44128],{"className":66,"code":44127,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"id(object)\n",[15,44129,44130],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,44131,44132,44134,44136,44138],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,44133,13161],{"class":79},[73,44135,84],{"class":83},[73,44137,1899],{"class":87},[73,44139,249],{"class":83},[20,44141,44142],{},"Important details:",[33,44144,44145,44148,44151],{},[36,44146,44147],{},"It takes one argument",[36,44149,44150],{},"It returns an integer",[36,44152,44153],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,44155,206],{},[64,44157,44159],{"className":66,"code":44158,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,44160,44161,44173,44181,44201,44205,44219,44233],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,44162,44163,44165,44167,44169,44171],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,44164,217],{"class":216},[73,44166,221],{"class":220},[73,44168,224],{"class":93},[73,44170,4357],{"class":97},[73,44172,230],{"class":93},[73,44174,44175,44177,44179],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,44176,235],{"class":216},[73,44178,221],{"class":220},[73,44180,3300],{"class":116},[73,44182,44183,44185,44187,44189,44191,44193,44195,44197,44199],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,44184,8289],{"class":216},[73,44186,221],{"class":220},[73,44188,891],{"class":83},[73,44190,2397],{"class":116},[73,44192,140],{"class":83},[73,44194,143],{"class":116},[73,44196,140],{"class":83},[73,44198,2982],{"class":116},[73,44200,924],{"class":83},[73,44202,44203],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,44204,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,44206,44207,44209,44211,44213,44215,44217],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,44208,80],{"class":79},[73,44210,84],{"class":83},[73,44212,13161],{"class":79},[73,44214,84],{"class":83},[73,44216,246],{"class":245},[73,44218,102],{"class":83},[73,44220,44221,44223,44225,44227,44229,44231],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,44222,80],{"class":79},[73,44224,84],{"class":83},[73,44226,13161],{"class":79},[73,44228,84],{"class":83},[73,44230,276],{"class":245},[73,44232,102],{"class":83},[73,44234,44235,44237,44239,44241,44243,44245],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,44236,80],{"class":79},[73,44238,84],{"class":83},[73,44240,13161],{"class":79},[73,44242,84],{"class":83},[73,44244,8320],{"class":245},[73,44246,102],{"class":83},[20,44248,44249],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[59,44251,44253],{"id":44252},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,44255,44256,44257,653],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,44258,43980],{},[33,44260,44261,44268,44275],{},[36,44262,44263,44265,44266],{},[15,44264,5201],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[1194,44267,967],{},[36,44269,44270,44272,44273],{},[15,44271,12705],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[1194,44274,1899],{},[36,44276,44277,44279],{},[15,44278,43980],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,44281,206],{},[64,44283,44285],{"className":66,"code":44284,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,44286,44287,44307,44327,44331,44348,44365,44379],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,44288,44289,44291,44293,44295,44297,44299,44301,44303,44305],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,44290,3086],{"class":216},[73,44292,221],{"class":220},[73,44294,891],{"class":83},[73,44296,2397],{"class":116},[73,44298,140],{"class":83},[73,44300,143],{"class":116},[73,44302,140],{"class":83},[73,44304,2982],{"class":116},[73,44306,924],{"class":83},[73,44308,44309,44311,44313,44315,44317,44319,44321,44323,44325],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,44310,3114],{"class":216},[73,44312,221],{"class":220},[73,44314,891],{"class":83},[73,44316,2397],{"class":116},[73,44318,140],{"class":83},[73,44320,143],{"class":116},[73,44322,140],{"class":83},[73,44324,2982],{"class":116},[73,44326,924],{"class":83},[73,44328,44329],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,44330,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,44332,44333,44335,44337,44339,44341,44343,44345],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,44334,80],{"class":79},[73,44336,84],{"class":83},[73,44338,3086],{"class":245},[73,44340,5201],{"class":220},[73,44342,3091],{"class":245},[73,44344,4177],{"class":83},[73,44346,44347],{"class":769},"   # True\n",[73,44349,44350,44352,44354,44356,44358,44360,44362],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,44351,80],{"class":79},[73,44353,84],{"class":83},[73,44355,3086],{"class":245},[73,44357,12705],{"class":933},[73,44359,3091],{"class":245},[73,44361,4177],{"class":83},[73,44363,44364],{"class":769},"   # False\n",[73,44366,44367,44369,44371,44373,44375,44377],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,44368,80],{"class":79},[73,44370,84],{"class":83},[73,44372,13161],{"class":79},[73,44374,84],{"class":83},[73,44376,646],{"class":245},[73,44378,102],{"class":83},[73,44380,44381,44383,44385,44387,44389,44391],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,44382,80],{"class":79},[73,44384,84],{"class":83},[73,44386,13161],{"class":79},[73,44388,84],{"class":83},[73,44390,5274],{"class":245},[73,44392,102],{"class":83},[20,44394,2718],{},[33,44396,44397,44405,44413],{},[36,44398,44399,5297,44402,44404],{},[15,44400,44401],{},"a == b",[15,44403,430],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[36,44406,44407,5297,44410,44412],{},[15,44408,44409],{},"a is b",[15,44411,1367],{}," because they are different list objects",[36,44414,44415,1647,44418,44421],{},[15,44416,44417],{},"id(a)",[15,44419,44420],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,44423,44424,44425,1647,44429,653],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[646,44426,44428],{"href":44427},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[646,44430,44432],{"href":44431},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[59,44434,44436],{"id":44435},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,44438,44439],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[64,44441,44443],{"className":66,"code":44442,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,44444,44445,44465,44475,44479,44493,44508],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,44446,44447,44449,44451,44453,44455,44457,44459,44461,44463],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,44448,4134],{"class":216},[73,44450,221],{"class":220},[73,44452,891],{"class":83},[73,44454,452],{"class":116},[73,44456,140],{"class":83},[73,44458,8300],{"class":116},[73,44460,140],{"class":83},[73,44462,8305],{"class":116},[73,44464,924],{"class":83},[73,44466,44467,44470,44472],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,44468,44469],{"class":216},"other_numbers ",[73,44471,221],{"class":220},[73,44473,44474],{"class":216}," numbers\n",[73,44476,44477],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,44478,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,44480,44481,44483,44485,44487,44489,44491],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,44482,80],{"class":79},[73,44484,84],{"class":83},[73,44486,13161],{"class":79},[73,44488,84],{"class":83},[73,44490,4164],{"class":245},[73,44492,102],{"class":83},[73,44494,44495,44497,44499,44501,44503,44506],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,44496,80],{"class":79},[73,44498,84],{"class":83},[73,44500,13161],{"class":79},[73,44502,84],{"class":83},[73,44504,44505],{"class":245},"other_numbers",[73,44507,102],{"class":83},[73,44509,44510,44512,44514,44516,44518,44521],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,44511,80],{"class":79},[73,44513,84],{"class":83},[73,44515,4134],{"class":245},[73,44517,12705],{"class":933},[73,44519,44520],{"class":245}," other_numbers",[73,44522,249],{"class":83},[20,44524,6072],{},[64,44526,44527],{"className":66,"code":4490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,44528,44529],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,44530,44531],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,44532,4490],{"class":484},[20,44534,44535,44536,44538],{},"The two ",[15,44537,43980],{}," values will also match.",[20,44540,22700,44541,44544],{},[15,44542,44543],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[59,44546,44548],{"id":44547},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,44550,44551],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[64,44553,44555],{"className":66,"code":44554,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,44556,44557,44578,44599,44603,44618,44632,44647],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,44558,44559,44562,44564,44566,44568,44570,44572,44574,44576],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,44560,44561],{"class":216},"list_a ",[73,44563,221],{"class":220},[73,44565,891],{"class":83},[73,44567,2397],{"class":116},[73,44569,140],{"class":83},[73,44571,143],{"class":116},[73,44573,140],{"class":83},[73,44575,2982],{"class":116},[73,44577,924],{"class":83},[73,44579,44580,44583,44585,44587,44589,44591,44593,44595,44597],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,44581,44582],{"class":216},"list_b ",[73,44584,221],{"class":220},[73,44586,891],{"class":83},[73,44588,2397],{"class":116},[73,44590,140],{"class":83},[73,44592,143],{"class":116},[73,44594,140],{"class":83},[73,44596,2982],{"class":116},[73,44598,924],{"class":83},[73,44600,44601],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,44602,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,44604,44605,44607,44609,44611,44613,44616],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,44606,80],{"class":79},[73,44608,84],{"class":83},[73,44610,44561],{"class":245},[73,44612,5201],{"class":220},[73,44614,44615],{"class":245}," list_b",[73,44617,249],{"class":83},[73,44619,44620,44622,44624,44626,44628,44630],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,44621,80],{"class":79},[73,44623,84],{"class":83},[73,44625,44561],{"class":245},[73,44627,12705],{"class":933},[73,44629,44615],{"class":245},[73,44631,249],{"class":83},[73,44633,44634,44636,44638,44640,44642,44645],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,44635,80],{"class":79},[73,44637,84],{"class":83},[73,44639,13161],{"class":79},[73,44641,84],{"class":83},[73,44643,44644],{"class":245},"list_a",[73,44646,102],{"class":83},[73,44648,44649,44651,44653,44655,44657,44660],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,44650,80],{"class":79},[73,44652,84],{"class":83},[73,44654,13161],{"class":79},[73,44656,84],{"class":83},[73,44658,44659],{"class":245},"list_b",[73,44661,102],{"class":83},[20,44663,6072],{},[64,44665,44667],{"className":66,"code":44666,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44668,44669,44673],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,44670,44671],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,44672,4490],{"class":484},[73,44674,44675],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,44676,4551],{"class":484},[20,44678,44679],{},"What this means:",[33,44681,44682,44685,44688],{},[36,44683,44684],{},"The lists are equal in value",[36,44686,44687],{},"They are not the same object",[36,44689,44690,44691,44693],{},"Their ",[15,44692,43980],{}," values are usually different",[20,44695,44696,44697,44699,44700,653],{},"This is why ",[15,44698,43980],{}," should not replace ",[15,44701,5201],{},[59,44703,44705,44706,44708],{"id":44704},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44707,43980],{}," is useful",[20,44710,44711,44713],{},[15,44712,43980],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[33,44715,44716,44719,44722,44725],{},[36,44717,44718],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[36,44720,44721],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[36,44723,44724],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[36,44726,44727],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44729,44730,44731,44733],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44732,43980],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[64,44735,44737],{"className":66,"code":44736,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44738,44739,44763,44772,44776,44795,44799,44809,44819,44833],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,44740,44741,44743,44745,44747,44749,44751,44753,44755,44757,44759,44761],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,44742,12597],{"class":216},[73,44744,221],{"class":220},[73,44746,891],{"class":83},[73,44748,94],{"class":93},[73,44750,646],{"class":97},[73,44752,94],{"class":93},[73,44754,140],{"class":83},[73,44756,224],{"class":93},[73,44758,5274],{"class":97},[73,44760,94],{"class":93},[73,44762,924],{"class":83},[73,44764,44765,44768,44770],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,44766,44767],{"class":216},"copy_ref ",[73,44769,221],{"class":220},[73,44771,12635],{"class":216},[73,44773,44774],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,44775,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,44777,44778,44781,44783,44785,44787,44789,44791,44793],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,44779,44780],{"class":216},"copy_ref",[73,44782,653],{"class":83},[73,44784,14064],{"class":245},[73,44786,84],{"class":83},[73,44788,94],{"class":93},[73,44790,10245],{"class":97},[73,44792,94],{"class":93},[73,44794,249],{"class":83},[73,44796,44797],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,44798,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,44800,44801,44803,44805,44807],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,44802,80],{"class":79},[73,44804,84],{"class":83},[73,44806,12644],{"class":245},[73,44808,249],{"class":83},[73,44810,44811,44813,44815,44817],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,44812,80],{"class":79},[73,44814,84],{"class":83},[73,44816,44780],{"class":245},[73,44818,249],{"class":83},[73,44820,44821,44823,44825,44827,44829,44831],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,44822,80],{"class":79},[73,44824,84],{"class":83},[73,44826,13161],{"class":79},[73,44828,84],{"class":83},[73,44830,12644],{"class":245},[73,44832,102],{"class":83},[73,44834,44835,44837,44839,44841,44843,44845],{"class":75,"line":6940},[73,44836,80],{"class":79},[73,44838,84],{"class":83},[73,44840,13161],{"class":79},[73,44842,84],{"class":83},[73,44844,44780],{"class":245},[73,44846,102],{"class":83},[20,44848,6072],{},[64,44850,44852],{"className":66,"code":44851,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44853,44854,44882],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,44855,44856,44858,44860,44862,44864,44866,44868,44870,44872,44874,44876,44878,44880],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,44857,4410],{"class":83},[73,44859,343],{"class":93},[73,44861,646],{"class":97},[73,44863,343],{"class":93},[73,44865,140],{"class":83},[73,44867,337],{"class":93},[73,44869,5274],{"class":97},[73,44871,343],{"class":93},[73,44873,140],{"class":83},[73,44875,337],{"class":93},[73,44877,10245],{"class":97},[73,44879,343],{"class":93},[73,44881,924],{"class":83},[73,44883,44884,44886,44888,44890,44892,44894,44896,44898,44900,44902,44904,44906,44908],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,44885,4410],{"class":83},[73,44887,343],{"class":93},[73,44889,646],{"class":97},[73,44891,343],{"class":93},[73,44893,140],{"class":83},[73,44895,337],{"class":93},[73,44897,5274],{"class":97},[73,44899,343],{"class":93},[73,44901,140],{"class":83},[73,44903,337],{"class":93},[73,44905,10245],{"class":97},[73,44907,343],{"class":93},[73,44909,924],{"class":83},[20,44911,44912],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[59,44914,44916,44917],{"id":44915},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44918,43980],{},[20,44920,44921,44922,44924],{},"Do not use ",[15,44923,43980],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44926,44927],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[33,44929,44930,44936,44942,44945],{},[36,44931,44932,44933,44935],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44934,5201],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[36,44937,44938,44939,44941],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44940,43980],{}," values across program runs",[36,44943,44944],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[36,44946,44947,44948],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44949,43980],{},[20,44951,44952],{},"Bad example:",[64,44954,44956],{"className":66,"code":44955,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44957,44958,44970,44982,44986,45008],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,44959,44960,44962,44964,44966,44968],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,44961,3086],{"class":216},[73,44963,221],{"class":220},[73,44965,224],{"class":93},[73,44967,37554],{"class":97},[73,44969,230],{"class":93},[73,44971,44972,44974,44976,44978,44980],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,44973,3114],{"class":216},[73,44975,221],{"class":220},[73,44977,224],{"class":93},[73,44979,37554],{"class":97},[73,44981,230],{"class":93},[73,44983,44984],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,44985,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,44987,44988,44990,44992,44994,44996,44998,45000,45002,45004,45006],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,44989,7507],{"class":933},[73,44991,15325],{"class":79},[73,44993,84],{"class":83},[73,44995,646],{"class":245},[73,44997,4177],{"class":83},[73,44999,6918],{"class":220},[73,45001,15325],{"class":79},[73,45003,84],{"class":83},[73,45005,5274],{"class":245},[73,45007,8851],{"class":83},[73,45009,45010,45012,45014,45016,45019,45021],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,45011,1676],{"class":79},[73,45013,84],{"class":83},[73,45015,94],{"class":93},[73,45017,45018],{"class":97},"The values are equal",[73,45020,94],{"class":93},[73,45022,249],{"class":83},[20,45024,45025],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[64,45027,45029],{"className":66,"code":45028,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,45030,45031,45043],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,45032,45033,45035,45037,45039,45041],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,45034,7507],{"class":933},[73,45036,1888],{"class":216},[73,45038,5201],{"class":220},[73,45040,3091],{"class":216},[73,45042,946],{"class":83},[73,45044,45045,45047,45049,45051,45053,45055],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,45046,1676],{"class":79},[73,45048,84],{"class":83},[73,45050,94],{"class":93},[73,45052,45018],{"class":97},[73,45054,94],{"class":93},[73,45056,249],{"class":83},[20,45058,171,45059,3408,45061,45063],{},[15,45060,12705],{},[15,45062,43980],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[59,45065,21313],{"id":21312},[20,45067,45068],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[33,45070,45071,45074,45077,45082],{},[36,45072,45073],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[36,45075,45076],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[36,45078,45079,45080],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,45081,43980],{},[36,45083,45084,45085],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,45086,43980],{},[20,45088,45089],{},"The important rule is:",[33,45091,45092,45097],{},[36,45093,171,45094,45096],{},[15,45095,5201],{}," to check value",[36,45098,171,45099,45101],{},[15,45100,12705],{}," to check identity",[20,45103,45104,45105,45107],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,45106,43980],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[59,45109,2102],{"id":2101},[20,45111,45112,45113,1063],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,45114,43980],{},[33,45116,45117,45125,45128,45131,45136],{},[36,45118,657,45119,45121,45122,45124],{},[15,45120,43980],{}," when ",[15,45123,5201],{}," should be used",[36,45126,45127],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[36,45129,45130],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[36,45132,45133,45134],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,45135,43980],{},[36,45137,657,45138,45140],{},[15,45139,43980],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,45142,45143],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[64,45145,45147],{"className":66,"code":45146,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,45148,45149,45164,45178,45192,45206],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,45150,45151,45153,45155,45157,45159,45162],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,45152,80],{"class":79},[73,45154,84],{"class":83},[73,45156,13161],{"class":79},[73,45158,84],{"class":83},[73,45160,45161],{"class":245},"my_object",[73,45163,102],{"class":83},[73,45165,45166,45168,45170,45172,45174,45176],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,45167,80],{"class":79},[73,45169,84],{"class":83},[73,45171,3086],{"class":245},[73,45173,5201],{"class":220},[73,45175,3091],{"class":245},[73,45177,249],{"class":83},[73,45179,45180,45182,45184,45186,45188,45190],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,45181,80],{"class":79},[73,45183,84],{"class":83},[73,45185,3086],{"class":245},[73,45187,12705],{"class":933},[73,45189,3091],{"class":245},[73,45191,249],{"class":83},[73,45193,45194,45196,45198,45200,45202,45204],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,45195,80],{"class":79},[73,45197,84],{"class":83},[73,45199,288],{"class":87},[73,45201,84],{"class":83},[73,45203,45161],{"class":245},[73,45205,102],{"class":83},[73,45207,45208,45210,45212,45214],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,45209,32659],{"class":79},[73,45211,84],{"class":83},[73,45213,13161],{"class":79},[73,45215,249],{"class":83},[59,45217,2350],{"id":2349},[403,45219,45221,45222,2391],{"id":45220},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,45223,43980],{},[20,45225,45226],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[403,45228,15412,45230,45232],{"id":45229},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,45231,43980],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,45234,45235],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[403,45237,21933,45239,45241],{"id":45238},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,45240,43980],{}," to compare two values?",[20,45243,30777,45244,45246,45247,3408,45249,45251],{},[15,45245,5201],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,45248,43980],{},[15,45250,12705],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[403,45253,45255,45256,3023],{"id":45254},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,45257,43980],{},[20,45259,45260],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[403,45262,45264,45265,45267],{"id":45263},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,45266,43980],{}," values?",[20,45269,45270],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[59,45272,2413],{"id":2412},[33,45274,45275,45280,45285,45290,45298],{},[36,45276,45277],{},[646,45278,45279],{"href":44118},"Python variables explained for beginners",[36,45281,45282],{},[646,45283,45284],{"href":44427},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[36,45286,45287],{},[646,45288,45289],{"href":44431},"Python data types overview",[36,45291,45292],{},[646,45293,13,45295,2422],{"href":45294},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,45296,45297],{},"isinstance()",[36,45299,45300],{},[646,45301,45303],{"href":45302},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2459,45305,45306],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":45308},[45309,45311,45312,45313,45314,45315,45317,45319,45320,45321,45333],{"id":44084,"depth":105,"text":45310},"What id() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":44252,"depth":105,"text":44253},{"id":44435,"depth":105,"text":44436},{"id":44547,"depth":105,"text":44548},{"id":44704,"depth":105,"text":45316},"When id() is useful",{"id":44915,"depth":105,"text":45318},"When not to use id()",{"id":21312,"depth":105,"text":21313},{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":45322},[45323,45325,45327,45329,45331],{"id":45220,"depth":122,"text":45324},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":45229,"depth":122,"text":45326},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":45238,"depth":122,"text":45328},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":45254,"depth":122,"text":45330},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":45263,"depth":122,"text":45332},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43972,"description":45334},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":45341,"title":42688,"body":45342,"description":46978,"extension":2511,"meta":46979,"navigation":254,"path":46980,"seo":46981,"stem":46982,"__hash__":46983},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45343,"toc":46944},[45344,45349,45354,45357,45359,45402,45407,45410,45415,45420,45423,45439,45441,45485,45487,45514,45516,45531,45533,45535,45537,45553,45555,45567,45570,45604,45607,45632,45637,45639,45644,45648,45651,45653,45701,45703,45736,45742,45753,45755,45806,45808,45839,45841,45845,45849,45892,45898,45904,45956,45964,45969,45973,46064,46066,46099,46102,46104,46164,46166,46192,46202,46204,46208,46213,46218,46220,46257,46259,46278,46281,46285,46288,46344,46356,46365,46367,46394,46402,46407,46411,46414,46451,46454,46460,46497,46499,46503,46509,46527,46532,46580,46584,46673,46676,46683,46685,46687,46692,46710,46712,46755,46761,46778,46780,46842,46844,46846,46852,46859,46865,46871,46880,46890,46894,46902,46904,46906,46941],[10,45345,13,45347,18],{"id":45346},"python-input-function-explained",[15,45348,1174],{},[20,45350,1580,45351,45353],{},[15,45352,1174],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,45355,45356],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[59,45358,62],{"id":61},[64,45360,45362],{"className":66,"code":45361,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,45363,45364,45383],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,45365,45366,45368,45370,45372,45374,45376,45379,45381],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,45367,8387],{"class":216},[73,45369,221],{"class":220},[73,45371,8751],{"class":79},[73,45373,84],{"class":83},[73,45375,94],{"class":93},[73,45377,45378],{"class":97},"Enter your name: ",[73,45380,94],{"class":93},[73,45382,249],{"class":83},[73,45384,45385,45387,45389,45391,45394,45396,45398,45400],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,45386,80],{"class":79},[73,45388,84],{"class":83},[73,45390,94],{"class":93},[73,45392,45393],{"class":97},"Hello, ",[73,45395,94],{"class":93},[73,45397,2985],{"class":220},[73,45399,36498],{"class":245},[73,45401,249],{"class":83},[20,45403,171,45404,45406],{},[15,45405,1174],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[45408,45409],"hr",{},[59,45411,178,45413,181],{"id":45412},"what-input-does",[15,45414,1174],{},[20,45416,45417,45419],{},[15,45418,1174],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,45421,45422],{},"Here is what happens:",[33,45424,45425,45430,45433,45436],{},[36,45426,45427,45429],{},[15,45428,1174],{}," waits for the user to type",[36,45431,45432],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[36,45434,45435],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[36,45437,45438],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,45440,206],{},[64,45442,45444],{"className":66,"code":45443,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,45445,45446,45466],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,45447,45448,45451,45453,45455,45457,45459,45462,45464],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,45449,45450],{"class":216},"color ",[73,45452,221],{"class":220},[73,45454,8751],{"class":79},[73,45456,84],{"class":83},[73,45458,94],{"class":93},[73,45460,45461],{"class":97},"What is your favorite color? ",[73,45463,94],{"class":93},[73,45465,249],{"class":83},[73,45467,45468,45470,45472,45474,45477,45479,45481,45483],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,45469,80],{"class":79},[73,45471,84],{"class":83},[73,45473,94],{"class":93},[73,45475,45476],{"class":97},"Your favorite color is",[73,45478,94],{"class":93},[73,45480,140],{"class":83},[73,45482,36357],{"class":245},[73,45484,249],{"class":83},[20,45486,30536],{},[64,45488,45490],{"className":66,"code":45489,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,45491,45492,45505],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,45493,45494,45496,45498,45501,45503],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,45495,178],{"class":216},[73,45497,12705],{"class":220},[73,45499,45500],{"class":216}," your favorite color",[73,45502,3023],{"class":1041},[73,45504,36387],{"class":216},[73,45506,45507,45510,45512],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,45508,45509],{"class":216},"Your favorite color ",[73,45511,12705],{"class":220},[73,45513,36387],{"class":216},[20,45515,20469],{},[33,45517,45518,45523,45528],{},[36,45519,45520,45521],{},"The prompt is ",[15,45522,45461],{},[36,45524,45525,45526],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,45527,33397],{},[36,45529,45530],{},"That value is then printed",[45408,45532],{},[59,45534,370],{"id":369},[20,45536,7728],{},[64,45538,45540],{"className":66,"code":45539,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"input(prompt)\n",[15,45541,45542],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,45543,45544,45546,45548,45551],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,45545,42956],{"class":79},[73,45547,84],{"class":83},[73,45549,45550],{"class":245},"prompt",[73,45552,249],{"class":83},[20,45554,11968],{},[33,45556,45557,45561,45564],{},[36,45558,1580,45559,20551],{},[15,45560,45550],{},[36,45562,45563],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[36,45565,45566],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,45568,45569],{},"Example with a prompt:",[64,45571,45573],{"className":66,"code":45572,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45574,45575,45594],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,45576,45577,45579,45581,45583,45585,45587,45590,45592],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,45578,8472],{"class":216},[73,45580,221],{"class":220},[73,45582,8751],{"class":79},[73,45584,84],{"class":83},[73,45586,94],{"class":93},[73,45588,45589],{"class":97},"Enter your username: ",[73,45591,94],{"class":93},[73,45593,249],{"class":83},[73,45595,45596,45598,45600,45602],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,45597,80],{"class":79},[73,45599,84],{"class":83},[73,45601,8496],{"class":245},[73,45603,249],{"class":83},[20,45605,45606],{},"Example without a prompt:",[64,45608,45610],{"className":66,"code":45609,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45611,45612,45622],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,45613,45614,45616,45618,45620],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,45615,2202],{"class":216},[73,45617,221],{"class":220},[73,45619,8751],{"class":79},[73,45621,9151],{"class":83},[73,45623,45624,45626,45628,45630],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,45625,80],{"class":79},[73,45627,84],{"class":83},[73,45629,967],{"class":245},[73,45631,249],{"class":83},[20,45633,8272,45634,45636],{},[15,45635,1174],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[45408,45638],{},[59,45640,178,45642,12216],{"id":45641},"what-input-returns",[15,45643,1174],{},[20,45645,45646,8734],{},[15,45647,1174],{},[20,45649,45650],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45652,206],{},[64,45654,45656],{"className":66,"code":45655,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45657,45658,45677,45687],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,45659,45660,45662,45664,45666,45668,45670,45673,45675],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,45661,2056],{"class":216},[73,45663,221],{"class":220},[73,45665,8751],{"class":79},[73,45667,84],{"class":83},[73,45669,94],{"class":93},[73,45671,45672],{"class":97},"Enter your age: ",[73,45674,94],{"class":93},[73,45676,249],{"class":83},[73,45678,45679,45681,45683,45685],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,45680,80],{"class":79},[73,45682,84],{"class":83},[73,45684,9804],{"class":245},[73,45686,249],{"class":83},[73,45688,45689,45691,45693,45695,45697,45699],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,45690,80],{"class":79},[73,45692,84],{"class":83},[73,45694,288],{"class":87},[73,45696,84],{"class":83},[73,45698,9804],{"class":245},[73,45700,102],{"class":83},[20,45702,30536],{},[64,45704,45706],{"className":66,"code":45705,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45707,45708,45718,45722],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,45709,45710,45713,45715],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,45711,45712],{"class":216},"Enter your age",[73,45714,1063],{"class":83},[73,45716,45717],{"class":116}," 25\n",[73,45719,45720],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,45721,321],{"class":116},[73,45723,45724,45726,45728,45730,45732,45734],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,45725,330],{"class":220},[73,45727,334],{"class":333},[73,45729,337],{"class":93},[73,45731,340],{"class":97},[73,45733,343],{"class":93},[73,45735,346],{"class":220},[20,45737,45738,45739,45741],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45740,227],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45743,45744,45745,3408,45749,653],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[646,45746,45747],{"href":3405},[15,45748,17],{},[646,45750,45751],{"href":648},[15,45752,651],{},[20,45754,206],{},[64,45756,45758],{"className":66,"code":45757,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45759,45760,45782,45792],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,45761,45762,45764,45766,45768,45770,45772,45774,45776,45778,45780],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,45763,2056],{"class":216},[73,45765,221],{"class":220},[73,45767,240],{"class":87},[73,45769,84],{"class":83},[73,45771,42956],{"class":79},[73,45773,84],{"class":83},[73,45775,94],{"class":93},[73,45777,45672],{"class":97},[73,45779,94],{"class":93},[73,45781,102],{"class":83},[73,45783,45784,45786,45788,45790],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,45785,80],{"class":79},[73,45787,84],{"class":83},[73,45789,9804],{"class":245},[73,45791,249],{"class":83},[73,45793,45794,45796,45798,45800,45802,45804],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,45795,80],{"class":79},[73,45797,84],{"class":83},[73,45799,288],{"class":87},[73,45801,84],{"class":83},[73,45803,9804],{"class":245},[73,45805,102],{"class":83},[20,45807,30536],{},[64,45809,45811],{"className":66,"code":45810,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45812,45813,45821,45825],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,45814,45815,45817,45819],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,45816,45712],{"class":216},[73,45818,1063],{"class":83},[73,45820,45717],{"class":116},[73,45822,45823],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,45824,321],{"class":116},[73,45826,45827,45829,45831,45833,45835,45837],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,45828,330],{"class":220},[73,45830,334],{"class":333},[73,45832,337],{"class":93},[73,45834,88],{"class":97},[73,45836,343],{"class":93},[73,45838,346],{"class":220},[45408,45840],{},[59,45842,45844],{"id":45843},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[403,45846,45848],{"id":45847},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[64,45850,45852],{"className":66,"code":45851,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45853,45854,45873],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,45855,45856,45858,45860,45862,45864,45866,45869,45871],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,45857,8387],{"class":216},[73,45859,221],{"class":220},[73,45861,8751],{"class":79},[73,45863,84],{"class":83},[73,45865,94],{"class":93},[73,45867,45868],{"class":97},"What is your name? ",[73,45870,94],{"class":93},[73,45872,249],{"class":83},[73,45874,45875,45877,45879,45881,45884,45886,45888,45890],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,45876,80],{"class":79},[73,45878,84],{"class":83},[73,45880,94],{"class":93},[73,45882,45883],{"class":97},"Hello,",[73,45885,94],{"class":93},[73,45887,140],{"class":83},[73,45889,36498],{"class":245},[73,45891,249],{"class":83},[20,45893,45894,45895,45897],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45896,8177],{}," and prints it.",[403,45899,45901,45902],{"id":45900},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45903,17],{},[64,45905,45907],{"className":66,"code":45906,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45908,45909,45932],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,45910,45911,45913,45915,45917,45919,45921,45923,45925,45928,45930],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,45912,2056],{"class":216},[73,45914,221],{"class":220},[73,45916,240],{"class":87},[73,45918,84],{"class":83},[73,45920,42956],{"class":79},[73,45922,84],{"class":83},[73,45924,94],{"class":93},[73,45926,45927],{"class":97},"How old are you? ",[73,45929,94],{"class":93},[73,45931,102],{"class":83},[73,45933,45934,45936,45938,45940,45943,45945,45947,45950,45952,45954],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,45935,80],{"class":79},[73,45937,84],{"class":83},[73,45939,94],{"class":93},[73,45941,45942],{"class":97},"Next year you will be",[73,45944,94],{"class":93},[73,45946,140],{"class":83},[73,45948,45949],{"class":245}," age ",[73,45951,2082],{"class":220},[73,45953,2085],{"class":116},[73,45955,249],{"class":83},[20,45957,6572,45958,45960,45961,45963],{},[15,45959,17],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45962,1174],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45965,45966,45967,653],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[646,45968,1167],{"href":1166},[403,45970,45972],{"id":45971},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[64,45974,45976],{"className":66,"code":45975,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45977,45978,46002,46026,46040,46044],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,45979,45980,45983,45985,45987,45989,45991,45993,45995,45998,46000],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,45981,45982],{"class":216},"num1 ",[73,45984,221],{"class":220},[73,45986,240],{"class":87},[73,45988,84],{"class":83},[73,45990,42956],{"class":79},[73,45992,84],{"class":83},[73,45994,94],{"class":93},[73,45996,45997],{"class":97},"Enter the first number: ",[73,45999,94],{"class":93},[73,46001,102],{"class":83},[73,46003,46004,46007,46009,46011,46013,46015,46017,46019,46022,46024],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,46005,46006],{"class":216},"num2 ",[73,46008,221],{"class":220},[73,46010,240],{"class":87},[73,46012,84],{"class":83},[73,46014,42956],{"class":79},[73,46016,84],{"class":83},[73,46018,94],{"class":93},[73,46020,46021],{"class":97},"Enter the second number: ",[73,46023,94],{"class":93},[73,46025,102],{"class":83},[73,46027,46028,46030,46032,46035,46037],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,46029,1407],{"class":216},[73,46031,221],{"class":220},[73,46033,46034],{"class":216}," num1 ",[73,46036,2082],{"class":220},[73,46038,46039],{"class":216}," num2\n",[73,46041,46042],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,46043,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,46045,46046,46048,46050,46052,46055,46057,46059,46062],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,46047,80],{"class":79},[73,46049,84],{"class":83},[73,46051,94],{"class":93},[73,46053,46054],{"class":97},"Total:",[73,46056,94],{"class":93},[73,46058,140],{"class":83},[73,46060,46061],{"class":245}," total",[73,46063,249],{"class":83},[20,46065,30536],{},[64,46067,46069],{"className":66,"code":46068,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,46070,46071,46081,46090],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,46072,46073,46076,46078],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,46074,46075],{"class":216},"Enter the first number",[73,46077,1063],{"class":83},[73,46079,46080],{"class":116}," 2\n",[73,46082,46083,46086,46088],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,46084,46085],{"class":216},"Enter the second number",[73,46087,1063],{"class":83},[73,46089,3109],{"class":116},[73,46091,46092,46095,46097],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,46093,46094],{"class":216},"Total",[73,46096,1063],{"class":83},[73,46098,35348],{"class":116},[20,46100,46101],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,46103,206],{},[64,46105,46107],{"className":66,"code":46106,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,46108,46109,46127,46145,46149],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,46110,46111,46113,46115,46117,46119,46121,46123,46125],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,46112,45982],{"class":216},[73,46114,221],{"class":220},[73,46116,8751],{"class":79},[73,46118,84],{"class":83},[73,46120,94],{"class":93},[73,46122,45997],{"class":97},[73,46124,94],{"class":93},[73,46126,249],{"class":83},[73,46128,46129,46131,46133,46135,46137,46139,46141,46143],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,46130,46006],{"class":216},[73,46132,221],{"class":220},[73,46134,8751],{"class":79},[73,46136,84],{"class":83},[73,46138,94],{"class":93},[73,46140,46021],{"class":97},[73,46142,94],{"class":93},[73,46144,249],{"class":83},[73,46146,46147],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,46148,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,46150,46151,46153,46155,46157,46159,46162],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,46152,80],{"class":79},[73,46154,84],{"class":83},[73,46156,45982],{"class":245},[73,46158,2082],{"class":220},[73,46160,46161],{"class":245}," num2",[73,46163,249],{"class":83},[20,46165,30536],{},[64,46167,46169],{"className":66,"code":46168,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,46170,46171,46179,46187],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,46172,46173,46175,46177],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,46174,46075],{"class":216},[73,46176,1063],{"class":83},[73,46178,46080],{"class":116},[73,46180,46181,46183,46185],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,46182,46085],{"class":216},[73,46184,1063],{"class":83},[73,46186,3109],{"class":116},[73,46188,46189],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,46190,46191],{"class":116},"23\n",[20,46193,46194,46195,46198,46199,653],{},"That happens because ",[15,46196,46197],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,46200,46201],{},"\"23\"",[45408,46203],{},[59,46205,46207],{"id":46206},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,46209,46210,46211,653],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,46212,1174],{},[403,46214,5217,46216,42043],{"id":46215},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,46217,1174],{},[20,46219,39706],{},[64,46221,46223],{"className":66,"code":46222,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,46224,46225,46243],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,46226,46227,46229,46231,46233,46235,46237,46239,46241],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,46228,2202],{"class":216},[73,46230,221],{"class":220},[73,46232,8751],{"class":79},[73,46234,84],{"class":83},[73,46236,94],{"class":93},[73,46238,42371],{"class":97},[73,46240,94],{"class":93},[73,46242,249],{"class":83},[73,46244,46245,46247,46249,46251,46253,46255],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,46246,80],{"class":79},[73,46248,84],{"class":83},[73,46250,288],{"class":87},[73,46252,84],{"class":83},[73,46254,967],{"class":245},[73,46256,102],{"class":83},[20,46258,148],{},[64,46260,46262],{"className":66,"code":46261,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,46263,46264],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,46265,46266,46268,46270,46272,46274,46276],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,46267,330],{"class":220},[73,46269,334],{"class":333},[73,46271,337],{"class":93},[73,46273,340],{"class":97},[73,46275,343],{"class":93},[73,46277,346],{"class":220},[20,46279,46280],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[403,46282,46284],{"id":46283},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,46286,46287],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[64,46289,46291],{"className":66,"code":46290,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,46292,46293,46311,46330],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,46294,46295,46297,46299,46301,46303,46305,46307,46309],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,46296,3086],{"class":216},[73,46298,221],{"class":220},[73,46300,8751],{"class":79},[73,46302,84],{"class":83},[73,46304,94],{"class":93},[73,46306,42371],{"class":97},[73,46308,94],{"class":93},[73,46310,249],{"class":83},[73,46312,46313,46315,46317,46319,46321,46323,46326,46328],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,46314,3114],{"class":216},[73,46316,221],{"class":220},[73,46318,8751],{"class":79},[73,46320,84],{"class":83},[73,46322,94],{"class":93},[73,46324,46325],{"class":97},"Enter another number: ",[73,46327,94],{"class":93},[73,46329,249],{"class":83},[73,46331,46332,46334,46336,46338,46340,46342],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,46333,80],{"class":79},[73,46335,84],{"class":83},[73,46337,3086],{"class":245},[73,46339,2082],{"class":220},[73,46341,3091],{"class":245},[73,46343,249],{"class":83},[20,46345,41625,46346,1647,46348,46350,46351,19475,46354,653],{},[15,46347,3036],{},[15,46349,688],{},", the result is ",[15,46352,46353],{},"45",[15,46355,2685],{},[403,46357,46359,46360,46362,46363],{"id":46358},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,46361,781],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,46364,17],{},[20,46366,206],{},[64,46368,46370],{"className":66,"code":46369,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,46371,46372],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,46373,46374,46376,46378,46380,46382,46384,46386,46388,46390,46392],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,46375,2056],{"class":216},[73,46377,221],{"class":220},[73,46379,240],{"class":87},[73,46381,84],{"class":83},[73,46383,42956],{"class":79},[73,46385,84],{"class":83},[73,46387,94],{"class":93},[73,46389,45672],{"class":97},[73,46391,94],{"class":93},[73,46393,102],{"class":83},[20,46395,8780,46396,46399,46400,653],{},[15,46397,46398],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,46401,781],{},[20,46403,46404,46405,653],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[646,46406,1808],{"href":1804},[403,46408,46410],{"id":46409},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,46412,46413],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[64,46415,46417],{"className":66,"code":46416,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,46418,46419,46437],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,46420,46421,46423,46425,46427,46429,46431,46433,46435],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,46422,8387],{"class":216},[73,46424,221],{"class":220},[73,46426,8751],{"class":79},[73,46428,84],{"class":83},[73,46430,94],{"class":93},[73,46432,45378],{"class":97},[73,46434,94],{"class":93},[73,46436,249],{"class":83},[73,46438,46439,46441,46443,46445,46447,46449],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,46440,80],{"class":79},[73,46442,84],{"class":83},[73,46444,42279],{"class":79},[73,46446,84],{"class":83},[73,46448,8177],{"class":245},[73,46450,102],{"class":83},[20,46452,46453],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,46455,46456,46457,1063],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,46458,46459],{},".strip()",[64,46461,46463],{"className":66,"code":46462,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,46464,46465,46487],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,46466,46467,46469,46471,46473,46475,46477,46479,46481,46483,46485],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,46468,8387],{"class":216},[73,46470,221],{"class":220},[73,46472,8751],{"class":79},[73,46474,84],{"class":83},[73,46476,94],{"class":93},[73,46478,45378],{"class":97},[73,46480,94],{"class":93},[73,46482,9139],{"class":83},[73,46484,9142],{"class":245},[73,46486,9151],{"class":83},[73,46488,46489,46491,46493,46495],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,46490,80],{"class":79},[73,46492,84],{"class":83},[73,46494,8177],{"class":245},[73,46496,249],{"class":83},[45408,46498],{},[59,46500,46502],{"id":46501},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,46504,46505,46506,46508],{},"These habits make ",[15,46507,1174],{}," easier and safer to use.",[33,46510,46511,46514,46519,46522],{},[36,46512,46513],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[36,46515,171,46516,46518],{},[15,46517,46459],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[36,46520,46521],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[36,46523,171,46524,46526],{},[15,46525,30290],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,46528,46529,46530,1063],{},"Example with ",[15,46531,46459],{},[64,46533,46535],{"className":66,"code":46534,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,46536,46537,46561],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,46538,46539,46542,46544,46546,46548,46550,46553,46555,46557,46559],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,46540,46541],{"class":216},"city ",[73,46543,221],{"class":220},[73,46545,8751],{"class":79},[73,46547,84],{"class":83},[73,46549,94],{"class":93},[73,46551,46552],{"class":97},"Enter your city: ",[73,46554,94],{"class":93},[73,46556,9139],{"class":83},[73,46558,9142],{"class":245},[73,46560,9151],{"class":83},[73,46562,46563,46565,46567,46569,46572,46574,46576,46578],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,46564,80],{"class":79},[73,46566,84],{"class":83},[73,46568,94],{"class":93},[73,46570,46571],{"class":97},"City:",[73,46573,94],{"class":93},[73,46575,140],{"class":83},[73,46577,31891],{"class":245},[73,46579,249],{"class":83},[20,46581,46529,46582,1063],{},[15,46583,30290],{},[64,46585,46587],{"className":66,"code":46586,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46588,46589,46595,46618,46650,46658],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,46590,46591,46593],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,46592,1669],{"class":933},[73,46594,946],{"class":83},[73,46596,46597,46600,46602,46604,46606,46608,46610,46612,46614,46616],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,46598,46599],{"class":216},"    age ",[73,46601,221],{"class":220},[73,46603,240],{"class":87},[73,46605,84],{"class":83},[73,46607,42956],{"class":79},[73,46609,84],{"class":83},[73,46611,94],{"class":93},[73,46613,45672],{"class":97},[73,46615,94],{"class":93},[73,46617,102],{"class":83},[73,46619,46620,46622,46624,46626,46629,46631,46633,46635,46637,46639,46641,46643,46646,46648],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,46621,1676],{"class":79},[73,46623,84],{"class":83},[73,46625,94],{"class":93},[73,46627,46628],{"class":97},"You will be",[73,46630,94],{"class":93},[73,46632,140],{"class":83},[73,46634,45949],{"class":245},[73,46636,2082],{"class":220},[73,46638,2085],{"class":116},[73,46640,140],{"class":83},[73,46642,224],{"class":93},[73,46644,46645],{"class":97},"next year",[73,46647,94],{"class":93},[73,46649,249],{"class":83},[73,46651,46652,46654,46656],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,46653,1695],{"class":933},[73,46655,977],{"class":87},[73,46657,946],{"class":83},[73,46659,46660,46662,46664,46666,46669,46671],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,46661,1676],{"class":79},[73,46663,84],{"class":83},[73,46665,94],{"class":93},[73,46667,46668],{"class":97},"Please enter a whole number.",[73,46670,94],{"class":93},[73,46672,249],{"class":83},[20,46674,46675],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46677,46678,46679,653],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[646,46680,46682],{"href":46681},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[45408,46684],{},[59,46686,2102],{"id":2101},[20,46688,46689,46690,1063],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46691,1174],{},[33,46693,46694,46701,46704,46707],{},[36,46695,46696,46697,3408,46699],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46698,17],{},[15,46700,651],{},[36,46702,46703],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[36,46705,46706],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[36,46708,46709],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46711,32589],{},[64,46713,46715],{"className":66,"code":46714,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46716,46717,46727,46741],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,46718,46719,46721,46723,46725],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,46720,80],{"class":79},[73,46722,84],{"class":83},[73,46724,967],{"class":245},[73,46726,249],{"class":83},[73,46728,46729,46731,46733,46735,46737,46739],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,46730,80],{"class":79},[73,46732,84],{"class":83},[73,46734,288],{"class":87},[73,46736,84],{"class":83},[73,46738,967],{"class":245},[73,46740,102],{"class":83},[73,46742,46743,46745,46747,46749,46751,46753],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,46744,80],{"class":79},[73,46746,84],{"class":83},[73,46748,42279],{"class":79},[73,46750,84],{"class":83},[73,46752,967],{"class":245},[73,46754,102],{"class":83},[20,46756,46757,46758,46760],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46759,1174],{}," actually returned:",[33,46762,46763,46768,46773],{},[36,46764,46765,46767],{},[15,46766,42327],{}," shows the value",[36,46769,46770,46772],{},[15,46771,42333],{}," shows the data type",[36,46774,46775,46777],{},[15,46776,42338],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46779,206],{},[64,46781,46783],{"className":66,"code":46782,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46784,46785,46804,46814,46828],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,46786,46787,46789,46791,46793,46795,46797,46800,46802],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,46788,2202],{"class":216},[73,46790,221],{"class":220},[73,46792,8751],{"class":79},[73,46794,84],{"class":83},[73,46796,94],{"class":93},[73,46798,46799],{"class":97},"Enter something: ",[73,46801,94],{"class":93},[73,46803,249],{"class":83},[73,46805,46806,46808,46810,46812],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,46807,80],{"class":79},[73,46809,84],{"class":83},[73,46811,967],{"class":245},[73,46813,249],{"class":83},[73,46815,46816,46818,46820,46822,46824,46826],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,46817,80],{"class":79},[73,46819,84],{"class":83},[73,46821,288],{"class":87},[73,46823,84],{"class":83},[73,46825,967],{"class":245},[73,46827,102],{"class":83},[73,46829,46830,46832,46834,46836,46838,46840],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,46831,80],{"class":79},[73,46833,84],{"class":83},[73,46835,42279],{"class":79},[73,46837,84],{"class":83},[73,46839,967],{"class":245},[73,46841,102],{"class":83},[45408,46843],{},[59,46845,2350],{"id":2349},[403,46847,2354,46849,46851],{"id":46848},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46850,1174],{}," return an integer?",[20,46853,2360,46854,46856,46857,2383],{},[15,46855,1174],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46858,17],{},[403,46860,46862,46863,3023],{"id":46861},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46864,1174],{},[20,46866,46867,46868,46870],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46869,1174],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[403,46872,2367,46874,46877,46878,3023],{"id":46873},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46875,46876],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46879,1174],{},[20,46881,2374,46882,46884,46885,1301,46887,46889],{},[15,46883,1174],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46886,46197],{},[15,46888,46201],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[403,46891,46893],{"id":46892},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46895,171,46896,46898,46899,653],{},[15,46897,46459],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46900,46901],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[45408,46903],{},[59,46905,2413],{"id":2412},[33,46907,46908,46913,46917,46923,46929,46933],{},[36,46909,46910],{},[646,46911,46912],{"href":46681},"How to get user input in Python",[36,46914,46915],{},[646,46916,2444],{"href":1166},[36,46918,46919],{},[646,46920,13,46921,2422],{"href":3405},[15,46922,17],{},[36,46924,46925],{},[646,46926,13,46927,2422],{"href":648},[15,46928,651],{},[36,46930,46931],{},[646,46932,1808],{"href":1804},[36,46934,46935],{},[646,46936,13,46938,2422],{"href":46937},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46939,46940],{},"print()",[2459,46942,46943],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":46945},[46946,46947,46949,46950,46952,46958,46966,46967,46968,46977],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":45412,"depth":105,"text":46948},"What input() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":45641,"depth":105,"text":46951},"What input() returns",{"id":45843,"depth":105,"text":45844,"children":46953},[46954,46955,46957],{"id":45847,"depth":122,"text":45848},{"id":45900,"depth":122,"text":46956},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45971,"depth":122,"text":45972},{"id":46206,"depth":105,"text":46207,"children":46959},[46960,46962,46963,46965],{"id":46215,"depth":122,"text":46961},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":46283,"depth":122,"text":46284},{"id":46358,"depth":122,"text":46964},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46409,"depth":122,"text":46410},{"id":46501,"depth":105,"text":46502},{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":46969},[46970,46972,46974,46976],{"id":46848,"depth":122,"text":46971},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46861,"depth":122,"text":46973},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46873,"depth":122,"text":46975},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46892,"depth":122,"text":46893},{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner 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reMap":69},[73,48922,48923],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,48924,2331],{"class":116},[20,48926,2340,48927,2343,48929,2346],{},[15,48928,688],{},[15,48930,17],{},[59,48932,2350],{"id":2349},[403,48934,2354,48935,2357],{"id":2353},[15,48936,17],{},[20,48938,2360,48939,2363],{},[15,48940,17],{},[403,48942,2367,48943,2371],{"id":2366},[15,48944,2370],{},[20,48946,2374,48947,2377,48949,2380,48951,2383],{},[15,48948,1751],{},[15,48950,651],{},[15,48952,17],{},[403,48954,2387,48955,2391],{"id":2386},[15,48956,2390],{},[20,48958,2394,48959,2398,48961,1301,48963,653],{},[15,48960,2397],{},[15,48962,1367],{},[15,48964,806],{},[403,48966,2406],{"id":2405},[20,48968,2409],{},[59,48970,2413],{"id":2412},[33,48972,48973,48979,48985,48991,48995,48999,49005],{},[36,48974,48975],{},[646,48976,48977,2422],{"href":648},[15,48978,651],{},[36,48980,48981],{},[646,48982,48983,2422],{"href":1323},[15,48984,1326],{},[36,48986,48987],{},[646,48988,48989,2422],{"href":1449},[15,48990,1452],{},[36,48992,48993],{},[646,48994,2439],{"href":1800},[36,48996,48997],{},[646,48998,2444],{"href":1166},[36,49000,49001],{},[646,49002,49003,2422],{"href":1171},[15,49004,1174],{},[36,49006,49007],{},[646,49008,2455,49009],{"href":1804},[15,49010,1808],{},[2459,49012,2461],{},{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":49014},[49015,49016,49017,49021,49025,49026,49027,49032,49036,49037,49044,49050],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":177,"depth":105,"text":2466},{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370,"children":49018},[49019,49020],{"id":405,"depth":122,"text":408},{"id":511,"depth":122,"text":514},{"id":656,"depth":105,"text":2472,"children":49022},[49023,49024],{"id":785,"depth":122,"text":786},{"id":875,"depth":122,"text":876},{"id":1177,"depth":105,"text":2477},{"id":1329,"depth":105,"text":2479},{"id":1455,"depth":105,"text":1456,"children":49028},[49029,49030,49031],{"id":1466,"depth":122,"text":1467},{"id":1535,"depth":122,"text":1536},{"id":1576,"depth":122,"text":1577},{"id":1637,"depth":105,"text":1638,"children":49033},[49034,49035],{"id":1652,"depth":122,"text":781},{"id":1811,"depth":122,"text":1630},{"id":1998,"depth":105,"text":2490},{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102,"children":49038},[49039,49040,49041,49042,49043],{"id":2110,"depth":122,"text":2111},{"id":2164,"depth":122,"text":2165},{"id":2182,"depth":122,"text":2496},{"id":2256,"depth":122,"text":2257},{"id":2299,"depth":122,"text":2499},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":49045},[49046,49047,49048,49049],{"id":2353,"depth":122,"text":2503},{"id":2366,"depth":122,"text":2505},{"id":2386,"depth":122,"text":2507},{"id":2405,"depth":122,"text":2406},{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},{},{"title":5,"description":2510},{"id":49054,"title":49055,"body":49056,"description":50892,"extension":2511,"meta":50893,"navigation":254,"path":45294,"seo":50894,"stem":50895,"__hash__":50896},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":49057,"toc":50848},[49058,49063,49068,49076,49085,49087,49146,49152,49157,49162,49165,49193,49196,49199,49210,49220,49222,49224,49244,49248,49276,49278,49317,49319,49327,49329,49332,49336,49389,49391,49403,49407,49464,49466,49478,49484,49490,49494,49497,49500,49566,49568,49580,49586,49588,49640,49643,49684,49687,49694,49703,49709,49712,49745,49751,49754,49785,49791,49794,49806,49810,49815,49819,49977,49979,49994,49997,50001,50105,50107,50124,50128,50189,50191,50199,50202,50206,50273,50275,50284,50290,50292,50301,50303,50338,50343,50345,50375,50379,50381,50418,50421,50423,50460,50466,50468,50518,50520,50528,50538,50544,50548,50553,50602,50604,50617,50620,50622,50625,50700,50703,50722,50725,50755,50765,50767,50772,50779,50785,50791,50798,50806,50812,50815,50817,50845],[10,49059,13,49061,18],{"id":49060},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,49062,45297],{},[20,49064,49065,49067],{},[15,49066,45297],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,49069,49070,49071,3408,49073,49075],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,49072,430],{},[15,49074,1367],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,49077,49078,49079,49081,49082,49084],{},"In many cases, ",[15,49080,45297],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,49083,2837],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[59,49086,4124],{"id":4123},[64,49088,49090],{"className":66,"code":49089,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,49091,49092,49100,49104,49125],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,49093,49094,49096,49098],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,49095,2202],{"class":216},[73,49097,221],{"class":220},[73,49099,3119],{"class":116},[73,49101,49102],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,49103,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,49105,49106,49108,49110,49113,49115,49117,49119,49121,49123],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,49107,80],{"class":79},[73,49109,84],{"class":83},[73,49111,49112],{"class":79},"isinstance",[73,49114,84],{"class":83},[73,49116,967],{"class":245},[73,49118,140],{"class":83},[73,49120,240],{"class":87},[73,49122,5874],{"class":83},[73,49124,44347],{"class":769},[73,49126,49127,49129,49131,49133,49135,49137,49139,49142,49144],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,49128,80],{"class":79},[73,49130,84],{"class":83},[73,49132,49112],{"class":79},[73,49134,84],{"class":83},[73,49136,967],{"class":245},[73,49138,140],{"class":83},[73,49140,49141],{"class":87}," str",[73,49143,5874],{"class":83},[73,49145,44364],{"class":769},[20,49147,171,49148,49151],{},[15,49149,49150],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[59,49153,178,49155,181],{"id":49154},"what-isinstance-does",[15,49156,45297],{},[20,49158,49159,49161],{},[15,49160,45297],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,49163,49164],{},"It:",[33,49166,49167,49170,49176,49179],{},[36,49168,49169],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[36,49171,11933,49172,3408,49174],{},[15,49173,430],{},[15,49175,1367],{},[36,49177,49178],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[36,49180,49181,49182,2728,49184,2728,49186,2728,49188,17583,49191],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,49183,340],{},[15,49185,88],{},[15,49187,8604],{},[15,49189,49190],{},"tuple",[15,49192,9330],{},[20,49194,49195],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,49197,49198],{},"For example, you might want to:",[33,49200,49201,49204,49207],{},[36,49202,49203],{},"loop through a list",[36,49205,49206],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[36,49208,49209],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,49211,49212,49213,3408,49216,653],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[646,49214,45289],{"href":49215},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[646,49217,49219],{"href":49218},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[59,49221,370],{"id":369},[20,49223,2700],{},[64,49225,49227],{"className":66,"code":49226,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,49228,49229],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,49230,49231,49233,49235,49237,49239,49242],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,49232,49112],{"class":79},[73,49234,84],{"class":83},[73,49236,1899],{"class":87},[73,49238,140],{"class":83},[73,49240,49241],{"class":245}," classinfo",[73,49243,249],{"class":83},[403,49245,49247],{"id":49246},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[33,49249,49250,49255,49269],{},[36,49251,49252,49254],{},[15,49253,1899],{}," is the value you want to test",[36,49256,49257,49260,49261,2728,49263,2728,49265,2731,49267],{},[15,49258,49259],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,49262,88],{},[15,49264,340],{},[15,49266,8604],{},[15,49268,9330],{},[36,49270,49271,49272,3408,49274],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,49273,430],{},[15,49275,1367],{},[20,49277,206],{},[64,49279,49281],{"className":66,"code":49280,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,49282,49283,49295,49299],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,49284,49285,49287,49289,49291,49293],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,49286,8387],{"class":216},[73,49288,221],{"class":220},[73,49290,224],{"class":93},[73,49292,12019],{"class":97},[73,49294,230],{"class":93},[73,49296,49297],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,49298,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,49300,49301,49303,49305,49307,49309,49311,49313,49315],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,49302,80],{"class":79},[73,49304,84],{"class":83},[73,49306,49112],{"class":79},[73,49308,84],{"class":83},[73,49310,8177],{"class":245},[73,49312,140],{"class":83},[73,49314,49141],{"class":87},[73,49316,102],{"class":83},[20,49318,148],{},[64,49320,49321],{"className":66,"code":4490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,49322,49323],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,49324,49325],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,49326,4490],{"class":484},[59,49328,11985],{"id":11984},[20,49330,49331],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[403,49333,49335],{"id":49334},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[64,49337,49339],{"className":66,"code":49338,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49340,49341,49349,49353,49371],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,49342,49343,49345,49347],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,49344,2202],{"class":216},[73,49346,221],{"class":220},[73,49348,45717],{"class":116},[73,49350,49351],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,49352,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,49354,49355,49357,49359,49361,49363,49365,49367,49369],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,49356,80],{"class":79},[73,49358,84],{"class":83},[73,49360,49112],{"class":79},[73,49362,84],{"class":83},[73,49364,967],{"class":245},[73,49366,140],{"class":83},[73,49368,240],{"class":87},[73,49370,102],{"class":83},[73,49372,49373,49375,49377,49379,49381,49383,49385,49387],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,49374,80],{"class":79},[73,49376,84],{"class":83},[73,49378,49112],{"class":79},[73,49380,84],{"class":83},[73,49382,967],{"class":245},[73,49384,140],{"class":83},[73,49386,49141],{"class":87},[73,49388,102],{"class":83},[20,49390,148],{},[64,49392,49393],{"className":66,"code":44666,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,49394,49395,49399],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,49396,49397],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,49398,4490],{"class":484},[73,49400,49401],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,49402,4551],{"class":484},[403,49404,49406],{"id":49405},"check-text","Check text",[64,49408,49410],{"className":66,"code":49409,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49411,49412,49424,49428,49446],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,49413,49414,49416,49418,49420,49422],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,49415,217],{"class":216},[73,49417,221],{"class":220},[73,49419,224],{"class":93},[73,49421,4357],{"class":97},[73,49423,230],{"class":93},[73,49425,49426],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,49427,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,49429,49430,49432,49434,49436,49438,49440,49442,49444],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,49431,80],{"class":79},[73,49433,84],{"class":83},[73,49435,49112],{"class":79},[73,49437,84],{"class":83},[73,49439,246],{"class":245},[73,49441,140],{"class":83},[73,49443,49141],{"class":87},[73,49445,102],{"class":83},[73,49447,49448,49450,49452,49454,49456,49458,49460,49462],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,49449,80],{"class":79},[73,49451,84],{"class":83},[73,49453,49112],{"class":79},[73,49455,84],{"class":83},[73,49457,246],{"class":245},[73,49459,140],{"class":83},[73,49461,240],{"class":87},[73,49463,102],{"class":83},[20,49465,148],{},[64,49467,49468],{"className":66,"code":44666,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,49469,49470,49474],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,49471,49472],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,49473,4490],{"class":484},[73,49475,49476],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,49477,4551],{"class":484},[20,49479,49480,49481,49483],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49482,45297],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49485,49486,49487,653],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[646,49488,49489],{"href":1800},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[59,49491,49493],{"id":49492},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49495,49496],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49498,49499],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[64,49501,49503],{"className":66,"code":49502,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49504,49505,49514,49518,49542],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,49506,49507,49509,49511],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,49508,2202],{"class":216},[73,49510,221],{"class":220},[73,49512,49513],{"class":116}," 3.5\n",[73,49515,49516],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,49517,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,49519,49520,49522,49524,49526,49528,49530,49532,49534,49536,49538,49540],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,49521,80],{"class":79},[73,49523,84],{"class":83},[73,49525,49112],{"class":79},[73,49527,84],{"class":83},[73,49529,967],{"class":245},[73,49531,140],{"class":83},[73,49533,9742],{"class":83},[73,49535,88],{"class":87},[73,49537,140],{"class":83},[73,49539,40761],{"class":87},[73,49541,1784],{"class":83},[73,49543,49544,49546,49548,49550,49552,49554,49556,49558,49560,49562,49564],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,49545,80],{"class":79},[73,49547,84],{"class":83},[73,49549,49112],{"class":79},[73,49551,84],{"class":83},[73,49553,967],{"class":245},[73,49555,140],{"class":83},[73,49557,9742],{"class":83},[73,49559,340],{"class":87},[73,49561,140],{"class":83},[73,49563,23069],{"class":87},[73,49565,1784],{"class":83},[20,49567,148],{},[64,49569,49570],{"className":66,"code":44666,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,49571,49572,49576],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,49573,49574],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,49575,4490],{"class":484},[73,49577,49578],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,49579,4551],{"class":484},[20,49581,49582,49583,49585],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49584,41342],{}," conditions.",[20,49587,8807],{},[64,49589,49591],{"className":66,"code":49590,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49592,49593,49601,49605],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,49594,49595,49597,49599],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,49596,2202],{"class":216},[73,49598,221],{"class":220},[73,49600,49513],{"class":116},[73,49602,49603],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,49604,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,49606,49607,49609,49611,49613,49615,49617,49619,49621,49623,49625,49628,49630,49632,49634,49636,49638],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,49608,80],{"class":79},[73,49610,84],{"class":83},[73,49612,288],{"class":87},[73,49614,84],{"class":83},[73,49616,967],{"class":245},[73,49618,4177],{"class":83},[73,49620,6918],{"class":220},[73,49622,240],{"class":87},[73,49624,1902],{"class":933},[73,49626,49627],{"class":87}," type",[73,49629,84],{"class":83},[73,49631,967],{"class":245},[73,49633,4177],{"class":83},[73,49635,6918],{"class":220},[73,49637,40761],{"class":87},[73,49639,249],{"class":83},[20,49641,49642],{},"you can write this:",[64,49644,49646],{"className":66,"code":49645,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49647,49648,49656,49660],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,49649,49650,49652,49654],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,49651,2202],{"class":216},[73,49653,221],{"class":220},[73,49655,49513],{"class":116},[73,49657,49658],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,49659,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,49661,49662,49664,49666,49668,49670,49672,49674,49676,49678,49680,49682],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,49663,80],{"class":79},[73,49665,84],{"class":83},[73,49667,49112],{"class":79},[73,49669,84],{"class":83},[73,49671,967],{"class":245},[73,49673,140],{"class":83},[73,49675,9742],{"class":83},[73,49677,88],{"class":87},[73,49679,140],{"class":83},[73,49681,40761],{"class":87},[73,49683,1784],{"class":83},[20,49685,49686],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[59,49688,49690,11092,49692],{"id":49689},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49691,45297],{},[15,49693,2837],{},[20,49695,11097,49696,1647,49698,49702],{},[15,49697,45297],{},[646,49699,49700],{"href":2834},[15,49701,2837],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[403,49704,49706],{"id":49705},"typevalue-int",[15,49707,49708],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49710,49711],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[64,49713,49715],{"className":66,"code":49714,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49716,49717,49725],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,49718,49719,49721,49723],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,49720,2202],{"class":216},[73,49722,221],{"class":220},[73,49724,3119],{"class":116},[73,49726,49727,49729,49731,49733,49735,49737,49739,49741,49743],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,49728,80],{"class":79},[73,49730,84],{"class":83},[73,49732,288],{"class":87},[73,49734,84],{"class":83},[73,49736,967],{"class":245},[73,49738,4177],{"class":83},[73,49740,6918],{"class":220},[73,49742,240],{"class":87},[73,49744,249],{"class":83},[403,49746,49748],{"id":49747},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49749,49750],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49752,49753],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[64,49755,49757],{"className":66,"code":49756,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49758,49759,49767],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,49760,49761,49763,49765],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,49762,2202],{"class":216},[73,49764,221],{"class":220},[73,49766,3119],{"class":116},[73,49768,49769,49771,49773,49775,49777,49779,49781,49783],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,49770,80],{"class":79},[73,49772,84],{"class":83},[73,49774,49112],{"class":79},[73,49776,84],{"class":83},[73,49778,967],{"class":245},[73,49780,140],{"class":83},[73,49782,240],{"class":87},[73,49784,102],{"class":83},[20,49786,49787,49788,49790],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49789,45297],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49792,49793],{},"In everyday code:",[33,49795,49796,49801],{},[36,49797,40497,49798,49800],{},[15,49799,2837],{}," when you need the exact type",[36,49802,40497,49803,49805],{},[15,49804,45297],{}," when you want a practical type check",[59,49807,49809],{"id":49808},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49811,49812,49813,653],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49814,45297],{},[403,49816,49818],{"id":49817},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[64,49820,49822],{"className":66,"code":49821,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49823,49824,49842,49861,49873,49878,49896,49907,49911,49923,49927,49951],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,49825,49826,49828,49831,49833,49835,49837,49840],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,49827,35357],{"class":333},[73,49829,49830],{"class":35360}," repeat_text",[73,49832,84],{"class":83},[73,49834,246],{"class":38169},[73,49836,140],{"class":83},[73,49838,49839],{"class":38169}," count",[73,49841,8851],{"class":83},[73,49843,49844,49846,49848,49851,49853,49855,49857,49859],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,49845,6908],{"class":933},[73,49847,1910],{"class":220},[73,49849,49850],{"class":79}," isinstance",[73,49852,84],{"class":83},[73,49854,246],{"class":245},[73,49856,140],{"class":83},[73,49858,49141],{"class":87},[73,49860,8851],{"class":83},[73,49862,49863,49866,49868,49871],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,49864,49865],{"class":933},"        return",[73,49867,224],{"class":93},[73,49869,49870],{"class":97},"text must be a string",[73,49872,230],{"class":93},[73,49874,49875],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,49876,49877],{"class":216},"    \n",[73,49879,49880,49882,49884,49886,49888,49890,49892,49894],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,49881,6908],{"class":933},[73,49883,1910],{"class":220},[73,49885,49850],{"class":79},[73,49887,84],{"class":83},[73,49889,41761],{"class":245},[73,49891,140],{"class":83},[73,49893,240],{"class":87},[73,49895,8851],{"class":83},[73,49897,49898,49900,49902,49905],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,49899,49865],{"class":933},[73,49901,224],{"class":93},[73,49903,49904],{"class":97},"count must be an integer",[73,49906,230],{"class":93},[73,49908,49909],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,49910,49877],{"class":216},[73,49912,49913,49915,49918,49920],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,49914,35368],{"class":933},[73,49916,49917],{"class":216}," text ",[73,49919,40380],{"class":220},[73,49921,49922],{"class":216}," count\n",[73,49924,49925],{"class":75,"line":6940},[73,49926,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,49928,49929,49931,49933,49936,49938,49940,49943,49945,49947,49949],{"class":75,"line":6945},[73,49930,80],{"class":79},[73,49932,84],{"class":83},[73,49934,49935],{"class":245},"repeat_text",[73,49937,84],{"class":83},[73,49939,94],{"class":93},[73,49941,49942],{"class":97},"Hi ",[73,49944,94],{"class":93},[73,49946,140],{"class":83},[73,49948,2982],{"class":116},[73,49950,102],{"class":83},[73,49952,49953,49955,49957,49959,49961,49963,49965,49967,49969,49971,49973,49975],{"class":75,"line":12105},[73,49954,80],{"class":79},[73,49956,84],{"class":83},[73,49958,49935],{"class":245},[73,49960,84],{"class":83},[73,49962,94],{"class":93},[73,49964,49942],{"class":97},[73,49966,94],{"class":93},[73,49968,140],{"class":83},[73,49970,224],{"class":93},[73,49972,1304],{"class":97},[73,49974,94],{"class":93},[73,49976,102],{"class":83},[20,49978,148],{},[64,49980,49982],{"className":66,"code":49981,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49983,49984,49989],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,49985,49986],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,49987,49988],{"class":216},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[73,49990,49991],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,49992,49993],{"class":216},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49995,49996],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[403,49998,50000],{"id":49999},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[64,50002,50004],{"className":66,"code":50003,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,50005,50006,50038,50042,50058,50073,50090],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,50007,50008,50010,50012,50014,50016,50018,50020,50022,50024,50026,50028,50030,50032,50034,50036],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,50009,2202],{"class":216},[73,50011,221],{"class":220},[73,50013,891],{"class":83},[73,50015,94],{"class":93},[73,50017,646],{"class":97},[73,50019,94],{"class":93},[73,50021,140],{"class":83},[73,50023,224],{"class":93},[73,50025,5274],{"class":97},[73,50027,94],{"class":93},[73,50029,140],{"class":83},[73,50031,224],{"class":93},[73,50033,10245],{"class":97},[73,50035,94],{"class":93},[73,50037,924],{"class":83},[73,50039,50040],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,50041,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,50043,50044,50046,50048,50050,50052,50054,50056],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,50045,7507],{"class":933},[73,50047,49850],{"class":79},[73,50049,84],{"class":83},[73,50051,967],{"class":245},[73,50053,140],{"class":83},[73,50055,49141],{"class":87},[73,50057,8851],{"class":83},[73,50059,50060,50062,50064,50066,50069,50071],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,50061,1676],{"class":79},[73,50063,84],{"class":83},[73,50065,94],{"class":93},[73,50067,50068],{"class":97},"This is text",[73,50070,94],{"class":93},[73,50072,249],{"class":83},[73,50074,50075,50078,50080,50082,50084,50086,50088],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,50076,50077],{"class":933},"elif",[73,50079,49850],{"class":79},[73,50081,84],{"class":83},[73,50083,967],{"class":245},[73,50085,140],{"class":83},[73,50087,23069],{"class":87},[73,50089,8851],{"class":83},[73,50091,50092,50094,50096,50098,50101,50103],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,50093,1676],{"class":79},[73,50095,84],{"class":83},[73,50097,94],{"class":93},[73,50099,50100],{"class":97},"This is a list",[73,50102,94],{"class":93},[73,50104,249],{"class":83},[20,50106,148],{},[64,50108,50110],{"className":66,"code":50109,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"This is a list\n",[15,50111,50112],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,50113,50114,50117,50119,50121],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,50115,50116],{"class":216},"This ",[73,50118,12705],{"class":220},[73,50120,1888],{"class":216},[73,50122,50123],{"class":87},"list\n",[403,50125,50127],{"id":50126},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[64,50129,50131],{"className":66,"code":50130,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,50132,50133,50145,50149,50165,50179],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,50134,50135,50137,50139,50141,50143],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,50136,2202],{"class":216},[73,50138,221],{"class":220},[73,50140,224],{"class":93},[73,50142,45],{"class":97},[73,50144,230],{"class":93},[73,50146,50147],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,50148,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,50150,50151,50153,50155,50157,50159,50161,50163],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,50152,7507],{"class":933},[73,50154,49850],{"class":79},[73,50156,84],{"class":83},[73,50158,967],{"class":245},[73,50160,140],{"class":83},[73,50162,49141],{"class":87},[73,50164,8851],{"class":83},[73,50166,50167,50169,50171,50173,50175,50177],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,50168,42390],{"class":216},[73,50170,221],{"class":220},[73,50172,240],{"class":87},[73,50174,84],{"class":83},[73,50176,967],{"class":245},[73,50178,249],{"class":83},[73,50180,50181,50183,50185,50187],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,50182,1676],{"class":79},[73,50184,84],{"class":83},[73,50186,276],{"class":245},[73,50188,249],{"class":83},[20,50190,148],{},[64,50192,50193],{"className":66,"code":158,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,50194,50195],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,50196,50197],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,50198,158],{"class":116},[20,50200,50201],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[403,50203,50205],{"id":50204},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[64,50207,50209],{"className":66,"code":50208,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,50210,50211,50235,50239,50255],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,50212,50213,50215,50217,50219,50221,50223,50225,50227,50229,50231,50233],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,50214,2202],{"class":216},[73,50216,221],{"class":220},[73,50218,10997],{"class":83},[73,50220,94],{"class":93},[73,50222,8177],{"class":97},[73,50224,94],{"class":93},[73,50226,1063],{"class":83},[73,50228,224],{"class":93},[73,50230,13391],{"class":97},[73,50232,94],{"class":93},[73,50234,9814],{"class":83},[73,50236,50237],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,50238,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,50240,50241,50243,50245,50247,50249,50251,50253],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,50242,7507],{"class":933},[73,50244,49850],{"class":79},[73,50246,84],{"class":83},[73,50248,967],{"class":245},[73,50250,140],{"class":83},[73,50252,9677],{"class":87},[73,50254,8851],{"class":83},[73,50256,50257,50259,50261,50263,50265,50267,50269,50271],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,50258,1676],{"class":79},[73,50260,84],{"class":83},[73,50262,967],{"class":245},[73,50264,4410],{"class":83},[73,50266,94],{"class":93},[73,50268,8177],{"class":97},[73,50270,94],{"class":93},[73,50272,4398],{"class":83},[20,50274,148],{},[64,50276,50278],{"className":66,"code":50277,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Ana\n",[15,50279,50280],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,50281,50282],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,50283,50277],{"class":216},[20,50285,50286,50287,50289],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,50288,1630],{}," messages later.",[59,50291,5031],{"id":5030},[403,50293,50295,50296,11600,50299],{"id":50294},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,50297,50298],{},"\"int\"",[15,50300,88],{},[20,50302,17154],{},[64,50304,50306],{"className":66,"code":50305,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,50307,50308,50316],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,50309,50310,50312,50314],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,50311,2202],{"class":216},[73,50313,221],{"class":220},[73,50315,3119],{"class":116},[73,50317,50318,50320,50322,50324,50326,50328,50330,50332,50334,50336],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,50319,80],{"class":79},[73,50321,84],{"class":83},[73,50323,49112],{"class":79},[73,50325,84],{"class":83},[73,50327,967],{"class":245},[73,50329,140],{"class":83},[73,50331,224],{"class":93},[73,50333,88],{"class":97},[73,50335,94],{"class":93},[73,50337,102],{"class":83},[20,50339,50340,50342],{},[15,50341,50298],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,50344,17166],{},[64,50346,50347],{"className":66,"code":49756,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,50348,50349,50357],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,50350,50351,50353,50355],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,50352,2202],{"class":216},[73,50354,221],{"class":220},[73,50356,3119],{"class":116},[73,50358,50359,50361,50363,50365,50367,50369,50371,50373],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,50360,80],{"class":79},[73,50362,84],{"class":83},[73,50364,49112],{"class":79},[73,50366,84],{"class":83},[73,50368,967],{"class":245},[73,50370,140],{"class":83},[73,50372,240],{"class":87},[73,50374,102],{"class":83},[403,50376,50378],{"id":50377},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50380,17154],{},[64,50382,50384],{"className":66,"code":50383,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50385,50386,50394],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,50387,50388,50390,50392],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,50389,2202],{"class":216},[73,50391,221],{"class":220},[73,50393,35348],{"class":116},[73,50395,50396,50398,50400,50402,50404,50406,50408,50410,50412,50414,50416],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,50397,80],{"class":79},[73,50399,84],{"class":83},[73,50401,49112],{"class":79},[73,50403,84],{"class":83},[73,50405,967],{"class":245},[73,50407,140],{"class":83},[73,50409,891],{"class":83},[73,50411,88],{"class":87},[73,50413,140],{"class":83},[73,50415,40761],{"class":87},[73,50417,3523],{"class":83},[20,50419,50420],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50422,17166],{},[64,50424,50426],{"className":66,"code":50425,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50427,50428,50436],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,50429,50430,50432,50434],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,50431,2202],{"class":216},[73,50433,221],{"class":220},[73,50435,35348],{"class":116},[73,50437,50438,50440,50442,50444,50446,50448,50450,50452,50454,50456,50458],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,50439,80],{"class":79},[73,50441,84],{"class":83},[73,50443,49112],{"class":79},[73,50445,84],{"class":83},[73,50447,967],{"class":245},[73,50449,140],{"class":83},[73,50451,9742],{"class":83},[73,50453,88],{"class":87},[73,50455,140],{"class":83},[73,50457,40761],{"class":87},[73,50459,1784],{"class":83},[403,50461,26284,50463,50465],{"id":50462},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50464,45297],{}," converts a value",[20,50467,19425],{},[64,50469,50471],{"className":66,"code":50470,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50472,50473,50486,50504,50508],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,50474,50475,50477,50479,50481,50484],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,50476,2202],{"class":216},[73,50478,221],{"class":220},[73,50480,224],{"class":93},[73,50482,50483],{"class":97},"123",[73,50485,230],{"class":93},[73,50487,50488,50490,50492,50494,50496,50498,50500,50502],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,50489,2766],{"class":216},[73,50491,221],{"class":220},[73,50493,49850],{"class":79},[73,50495,84],{"class":83},[73,50497,967],{"class":245},[73,50499,140],{"class":83},[73,50501,240],{"class":87},[73,50503,249],{"class":83},[73,50505,50506],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,50507,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,50509,50510,50512,50514,50516],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,50511,80],{"class":79},[73,50513,84],{"class":83},[73,50515,2800],{"class":245},[73,50517,249],{"class":83},[20,50519,148],{},[64,50521,50522],{"className":66,"code":4551,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,50523,50524],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,50525,50526],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,50527,4551],{"class":484},[20,50529,50530,50531,50534,50535,50537],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50532,50533],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50536,50483],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50539,50540,50541,7140],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50542,50543],{},"int(value)",[403,50545,50547],{"id":50546},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50549,50550,50552],{},[15,50551,45297],{}," does not modify anything.",[64,50554,50556],{"className":66,"code":50555,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50557,50558,50570,50574,50592],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,50559,50560,50562,50564,50566,50568],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,50561,2202],{"class":216},[73,50563,221],{"class":220},[73,50565,224],{"class":93},[73,50567,14069],{"class":97},[73,50569,230],{"class":93},[73,50571,50572],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,50573,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,50575,50576,50578,50580,50582,50584,50586,50588,50590],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,50577,80],{"class":79},[73,50579,84],{"class":83},[73,50581,49112],{"class":79},[73,50583,84],{"class":83},[73,50585,967],{"class":245},[73,50587,140],{"class":83},[73,50589,49141],{"class":87},[73,50591,102],{"class":83},[73,50593,50594,50596,50598,50600],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,50595,80],{"class":79},[73,50597,84],{"class":83},[73,50599,967],{"class":245},[73,50601,249],{"class":83},[20,50603,148],{},[64,50605,50607],{"className":66,"code":50606,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"True\n100\n",[15,50608,50609,50613],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,50610,50611],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,50612,4490],{"class":484},[73,50614,50615],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,50616,872],{"class":116},[20,50618,50619],{},"The value stays the same.",[59,50621,26452],{"id":26451},[20,50623,50624],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[64,50626,50628],{"className":66,"code":50627,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50629,50630,50644,50662,50686],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,50631,50632,50634,50636,50638,50640,50642],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,50633,80],{"class":79},[73,50635,84],{"class":83},[73,50637,288],{"class":87},[73,50639,84],{"class":83},[73,50641,967],{"class":245},[73,50643,102],{"class":83},[73,50645,50646,50648,50650,50652,50654,50656,50658,50660],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,50647,80],{"class":79},[73,50649,84],{"class":83},[73,50651,49112],{"class":79},[73,50653,84],{"class":83},[73,50655,967],{"class":245},[73,50657,140],{"class":83},[73,50659,240],{"class":87},[73,50661,102],{"class":83},[73,50663,50664,50666,50668,50670,50672,50674,50676,50678,50680,50682,50684],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,50665,80],{"class":79},[73,50667,84],{"class":83},[73,50669,49112],{"class":79},[73,50671,84],{"class":83},[73,50673,967],{"class":245},[73,50675,140],{"class":83},[73,50677,9742],{"class":83},[73,50679,88],{"class":87},[73,50681,140],{"class":83},[73,50683,40761],{"class":87},[73,50685,1784],{"class":83},[73,50687,50688,50690,50692,50694,50696,50698],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,50689,80],{"class":79},[73,50691,84],{"class":83},[73,50693,42279],{"class":79},[73,50695,84],{"class":83},[73,50697,967],{"class":245},[73,50699,102],{"class":83},[20,50701,50702],{},"These can help when:",[33,50704,50705,50708,50713,50716],{},[36,50706,50707],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[36,50709,50710,50711],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50712,1630],{},[36,50714,50715],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[36,50717,50718,50719,50721],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50720,45297],{}," is invalid",[20,50723,50724],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[33,50726,50727,50741,50747,50752],{},[36,50728,50729,50730,3408,50733,50736,50737,3408,50739],{},"using ",[15,50731,50732],{},"'int'",[15,50734,50735],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50738,88],{},[15,50740,340],{},[36,50742,50743,50744,50746],{},"expecting ",[15,50745,45297],{}," to convert a value",[36,50748,50729,50749,50751],{},[15,50750,2837],{}," when inherited types should also match",[36,50753,50754],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50756,50757,50758,653],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[646,50759,50761,50762],{"href":50760},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50763,50764],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[59,50766,2350],{"id":2349},[403,50768,2387,50770,5658],{"id":50769},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50771,45297],{},[20,50773,2394,50774,50776,50777,653],{},[15,50775,430],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50778,1367],{},[403,50780,5681,50782,50784],{"id":50781},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50783,45297],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50786,50787,50788,653],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50789,50790],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[403,50792,5691,50794,1647,50796,3023],{"id":50793},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50795,45297],{},[15,50797,2837],{},[20,50799,50800,50802,50803,50805],{},[15,50801,2837],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50804,45297],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[403,50807,2354,50809,50811],{"id":50808},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50810,45297],{}," convert a value?",[20,50813,50814],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[59,50816,2413],{"id":2412},[33,50818,50819,50825,50829,50834,50839],{},[36,50820,50821],{},[646,50822,13,50823,2422],{"href":2834},[15,50824,2837],{},[36,50826,50827],{},[646,50828,45289],{"href":49215},[36,50830,50831],{},[646,50832,50833],{"href":1800},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[36,50835,50836],{},[646,50837,50838],{"href":49218},"What is a data type in Python?",[36,50840,50841],{},[646,50842,50761,50843],{"href":50760},[15,50844,50764],{},[2459,50846,50847],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":50849},[50850,50851,50853,50856,50860,50861,50866,50872,50880,50881,50891],{"id":4123,"depth":105,"text":4124},{"id":49154,"depth":105,"text":50852},"What isinstance() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370,"children":50854},[50855],{"id":49246,"depth":122,"text":49247},{"id":11984,"depth":105,"text":11985,"children":50857},[50858,50859],{"id":49334,"depth":122,"text":49335},{"id":49405,"depth":122,"text":49406},{"id":49492,"depth":105,"text":49493},{"id":49689,"depth":105,"text":50862,"children":50863},"isinstance() vs type()",[50864,50865],{"id":49705,"depth":122,"text":49708},{"id":49747,"depth":122,"text":49750},{"id":49808,"depth":105,"text":49809,"children":50867},[50868,50869,50870,50871],{"id":49817,"depth":122,"text":49818},{"id":49999,"depth":122,"text":50000},{"id":50126,"depth":122,"text":50127},{"id":50204,"depth":122,"text":50205},{"id":5030,"depth":105,"text":5031,"children":50873},[50874,50876,50877,50879],{"id":50294,"depth":122,"text":50875},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50377,"depth":122,"text":50378},{"id":50462,"depth":122,"text":50878},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50546,"depth":122,"text":50547},{"id":26451,"depth":105,"text":26452},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":50882},[50883,50885,50887,50889],{"id":50769,"depth":122,"text":50884},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50781,"depth":122,"text":50886},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50793,"depth":122,"text":50888},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50808,"depth":122,"text":50890},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":49055,"description":50892},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50898,"title":50899,"body":50900,"description":52873,"extension":2511,"meta":52874,"navigation":254,"path":52875,"seo":52876,"stem":52877,"__hash__":52878},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50901,"toc":52848},[50902,50905,50910,50915,50929,50932,50934,51009,51014,51018,51023,51026,51040,51042,51208,51221,51223,51225,51240,51243,51246,51259,51261,51359,51363,51369,51372,51381,51383,51418,51423,51444,51449,51454,51486,51489,51546,51550,51556,51559,51612,51614,51654,51657,51725,51728,51779,51786,51790,51796,51881,51887,51893,51942,51945,51948,51998,52000,52005,52009,52059,52063,52110,52114,52191,52195,52260,52263,52267,52272,52277,52289,52291,52310,52316,52319,52338,52343,52370,52377,52381,52387,52390,52485,52488,52491,52540,52545,52547,52551,52586,52589,52646,52656,52659,52693,52696,52698,52702,52705,52709,52712,52716,52719,52723,52736,52740,52745,52747,52797,52809,52811,52845],[10,50903,50899],{"id":50904},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50906,9629,50907,50909],{},[15,50908,42855],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50911,28,50912,50914],{},[15,50913,42855],{}," to count:",[33,50916,50917,50920,50923,50926],{},[36,50918,50919],{},"characters in a string",[36,50921,50922],{},"items in a list or tuple",[36,50924,50925],{},"keys in a dictionary",[36,50927,50928],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50930,50931],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[59,50933,62],{"id":61},[64,50935,50937],{"className":66,"code":50936,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50938,50939,50951,50971,50975,50992],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,50940,50941,50943,50945,50947,50949],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,50942,217],{"class":216},[73,50944,221],{"class":220},[73,50946,224],{"class":93},[73,50948,4357],{"class":97},[73,50950,230],{"class":93},[73,50952,50953,50955,50957,50959,50961,50963,50965,50967,50969],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,50954,8289],{"class":216},[73,50956,221],{"class":220},[73,50958,891],{"class":83},[73,50960,452],{"class":116},[73,50962,140],{"class":83},[73,50964,8300],{"class":116},[73,50966,140],{"class":83},[73,50968,8305],{"class":116},[73,50970,924],{"class":83},[73,50972,50973],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,50974,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,50976,50977,50979,50981,50983,50985,50987,50989],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,50978,80],{"class":79},[73,50980,84],{"class":83},[73,50982,11670],{"class":79},[73,50984,84],{"class":83},[73,50986,246],{"class":245},[73,50988,5874],{"class":83},[73,50990,50991],{"class":769},"   # 5\n",[73,50993,50994,50996,50998,51000,51002,51004,51006],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,50995,80],{"class":79},[73,50997,84],{"class":83},[73,50999,11670],{"class":79},[73,51001,84],{"class":83},[73,51003,8320],{"class":245},[73,51005,5874],{"class":83},[73,51007,51008],{"class":769},"  # 3\n",[20,51010,171,51011,51013],{},[15,51012,42855],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[59,51015,51017],{"id":51016},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,51019,51020,51022],{},[15,51021,42855],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,51024,51025],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[33,51027,51028,51031,51034,51037],{},[36,51029,51030],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[36,51032,51033],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[36,51035,51036],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[36,51038,51039],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,51041,206],{},[64,51043,51045],{"className":66,"code":51044,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,51046,51047,51059,51084,51116,51136,51140,51157,51174,51191],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,51048,51049,51051,51053,51055,51057],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,51050,8387],{"class":216},[73,51052,221],{"class":220},[73,51054,224],{"class":93},[73,51056,8186],{"class":97},[73,51058,230],{"class":93},[73,51060,51061,51063,51065,51067,51069,51071,51073,51075,51077,51079,51082],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,51062,4134],{"class":216},[73,51064,221],{"class":220},[73,51066,891],{"class":83},[73,51068,452],{"class":116},[73,51070,140],{"class":83},[73,51072,8300],{"class":116},[73,51074,140],{"class":83},[73,51076,8305],{"class":116},[73,51078,140],{"class":83},[73,51080,51081],{"class":116}," 40",[73,51083,924],{"class":83},[73,51085,51086,51088,51090,51092,51094,51096,51098,51100,51102,51104,51106,51108,51110,51112,51114],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,51087,9672],{"class":216},[73,51089,221],{"class":220},[73,51091,10997],{"class":83},[73,51093,94],{"class":93},[73,51095,646],{"class":97},[73,51097,94],{"class":93},[73,51099,1063],{"class":83},[73,51101,2085],{"class":116},[73,51103,140],{"class":83},[73,51105,224],{"class":93},[73,51107,5274],{"class":97},[73,51109,94],{"class":93},[73,51111,1063],{"class":83},[73,51113,143],{"class":116},[73,51115,9814],{"class":83},[73,51117,51118,51120,51122,51124,51126,51128,51130,51132,51134],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,51119,886],{"class":216},[73,51121,221],{"class":220},[73,51123,10997],{"class":83},[73,51125,688],{"class":116},[73,51127,140],{"class":83},[73,51129,38150],{"class":116},[73,51131,140],{"class":83},[73,51133,6505],{"class":116},[73,51135,9814],{"class":83},[73,51137,51138],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,51139,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,51141,51142,51144,51146,51148,51150,51152,51154],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,51143,80],{"class":79},[73,51145,84],{"class":83},[73,51147,11670],{"class":79},[73,51149,84],{"class":83},[73,51151,8177],{"class":245},[73,51153,5874],{"class":83},[73,51155,51156],{"class":769},"     # 3\n",[73,51158,51159,51161,51163,51165,51167,51169,51171],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,51160,80],{"class":79},[73,51162,84],{"class":83},[73,51164,11670],{"class":79},[73,51166,84],{"class":83},[73,51168,4164],{"class":245},[73,51170,5874],{"class":83},[73,51172,51173],{"class":769},"  # 4\n",[73,51175,51176,51178,51180,51182,51184,51186,51188],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,51177,80],{"class":79},[73,51179,84],{"class":83},[73,51181,11670],{"class":79},[73,51183,84],{"class":83},[73,51185,9710],{"class":245},[73,51187,5874],{"class":83},[73,51189,51190],{"class":769},"     # 2\n",[73,51192,51193,51195,51197,51199,51201,51203,51205],{"class":75,"line":6940},[73,51194,80],{"class":79},[73,51196,84],{"class":83},[73,51198,11670],{"class":79},[73,51200,84],{"class":83},[73,51202,5871],{"class":245},[73,51204,5874],{"class":83},[73,51206,51207],{"class":769},"   # 3\n",[20,51209,51210,51211,2728,51215,17583,51219,653],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[646,51212,51214],{"href":51213},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[646,51216,51218],{"href":51217},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[646,51220,9662],{"href":9661},[59,51222,370],{"id":369},[20,51224,2700],{},[64,51226,51228],{"className":66,"code":51227,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"len(object)\n",[15,51229,51230],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,51231,51232,51234,51236,51238],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,51233,11670],{"class":79},[73,51235,84],{"class":83},[73,51237,1899],{"class":87},[73,51239,249],{"class":83},[20,51241,51242],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,51244,51245],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[33,51247,51248,51250,51252,51254,51256],{},[36,51249,38414],{},[36,51251,38408],{},[36,51253,38411],{},[36,51255,38417],{},[36,51257,51258],{},"a dictionary",[20,51260,206],{},[64,51262,51264],{"className":66,"code":51263,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,51265,51266,51287,51311,51333],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,51267,51268,51270,51272,51274,51276,51278,51280,51282,51284],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,51269,80],{"class":79},[73,51271,84],{"class":83},[73,51273,11670],{"class":79},[73,51275,84],{"class":83},[73,51277,94],{"class":93},[73,51279,68],{"class":97},[73,51281,94],{"class":93},[73,51283,5874],{"class":83},[73,51285,51286],{"class":769},"      # 6\n",[73,51288,51289,51291,51293,51295,51297,51299,51301,51303,51305,51307,51309],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,51290,80],{"class":79},[73,51292,84],{"class":83},[73,51294,11670],{"class":79},[73,51296,3510],{"class":83},[73,51298,2397],{"class":116},[73,51300,140],{"class":83},[73,51302,143],{"class":116},[73,51304,140],{"class":83},[73,51306,2982],{"class":116},[73,51308,5248],{"class":83},[73,51310,51156],{"class":769},[73,51312,51313,51315,51317,51319,51321,51323,51325,51327,51330],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,51314,80],{"class":79},[73,51316,84],{"class":83},[73,51318,11670],{"class":79},[73,51320,6023],{"class":83},[73,51322,452],{"class":116},[73,51324,140],{"class":83},[73,51326,8300],{"class":116},[73,51328,51329],{"class":83},")))",[73,51331,51332],{"class":769},"      # 2\n",[73,51334,51335,51337,51339,51341,51343,51345,51347,51349,51351,51353,51356],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,51336,80],{"class":79},[73,51338,84],{"class":83},[73,51340,11670],{"class":79},[73,51342,6042],{"class":83},[73,51344,94],{"class":93},[73,51346,384],{"class":97},[73,51348,94],{"class":93},[73,51350,1063],{"class":83},[73,51352,2085],{"class":116},[73,51354,51355],{"class":83},"}))",[73,51357,51358],{"class":769},"      # 1\n",[59,51360,51362],{"id":51361},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51364,51365,51366,51368],{},"When you use ",[15,51367,42855],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51370,51371],{},"That includes:",[33,51373,51374,51376,51378],{},[36,51375,36650],{},[36,51377,10958],{},[36,51379,51380],{},"punctuation",[20,51382,206],{},[64,51384,51386],{"className":66,"code":51385,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51387,51388,51401],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,51389,51390,51392,51394,51396,51399],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,51391,217],{"class":216},[73,51393,221],{"class":220},[73,51395,224],{"class":93},[73,51397,51398],{"class":97},"Hi there!",[73,51400,230],{"class":93},[73,51402,51403,51405,51407,51409,51411,51413,51415],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,51404,80],{"class":79},[73,51406,84],{"class":83},[73,51408,11670],{"class":79},[73,51410,84],{"class":83},[73,51412,246],{"class":245},[73,51414,5874],{"class":83},[73,51416,51417],{"class":769},"  # 9\n",[20,51419,51420,51421,3023],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51422,2685],{},[33,51424,51425,51431,51435,51438],{},[36,51426,51427,51430],{},[15,51428,51429],{},"H"," = 1",[36,51432,51433,51430],{},[15,51434,36661],{},[36,51436,51437],{},"space = 1",[36,51439,51440,51443],{},[15,51441,51442],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51445,51446,51447],{},"Total: ",[15,51448,2685],{},[20,51450,51451,51452,1063],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51453,806],{},[64,51455,51457],{"className":66,"code":51456,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51458,51459,51468],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,51460,51461,51464,51466],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,51462,51463],{"class":216},"empty_text ",[73,51465,221],{"class":220},[73,51467,8392],{"class":93},[73,51469,51470,51472,51474,51476,51478,51481,51483],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,51471,80],{"class":79},[73,51473,84],{"class":83},[73,51475,11670],{"class":79},[73,51477,84],{"class":83},[73,51479,51480],{"class":245},"empty_text",[73,51482,5874],{"class":83},[73,51484,51485],{"class":769},"  # 0\n",[20,51487,51488],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[64,51490,51492],{"className":66,"code":51491,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51493,51494,51507,51511,51531],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,51495,51496,51499,51501,51503,51505],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,51497,51498],{"class":216},"user_name ",[73,51500,221],{"class":220},[73,51502,224],{"class":93},[73,51504,5517],{"class":97},[73,51506,230],{"class":93},[73,51508,51509],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,51510,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,51512,51513,51515,51517,51519,51522,51524,51527,51529],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,51514,7507],{"class":933},[73,51516,38893],{"class":79},[73,51518,84],{"class":83},[73,51520,51521],{"class":245},"user_name",[73,51523,4177],{"class":83},[73,51525,51526],{"class":220}," >=",[73,51528,2982],{"class":116},[73,51530,946],{"class":83},[73,51532,51533,51535,51537,51539,51542,51544],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,51534,1676],{"class":79},[73,51536,84],{"class":83},[73,51538,94],{"class":93},[73,51540,51541],{"class":97},"Name is long enough",[73,51543,94],{"class":93},[73,51545,249],{"class":83},[59,51547,51549],{"id":51548},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51551,51552,51553,51555],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51554,42855],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51557,51558],{},"Example with a list:",[64,51560,51562],{"className":66,"code":51561,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51563,51564,51596],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,51565,51566,51568,51570,51572,51574,51576,51578,51580,51582,51584,51586,51588,51590,51592,51594],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,51567,13586],{"class":216},[73,51569,221],{"class":220},[73,51571,891],{"class":83},[73,51573,94],{"class":93},[73,51575,13603],{"class":97},[73,51577,94],{"class":93},[73,51579,140],{"class":83},[73,51581,224],{"class":93},[73,51583,17967],{"class":97},[73,51585,94],{"class":93},[73,51587,140],{"class":83},[73,51589,224],{"class":93},[73,51591,13620],{"class":97},[73,51593,94],{"class":93},[73,51595,924],{"class":83},[73,51597,51598,51600,51602,51604,51606,51608,51610],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,51599,80],{"class":79},[73,51601,84],{"class":83},[73,51603,11670],{"class":79},[73,51605,84],{"class":83},[73,51607,18014],{"class":245},[73,51609,5874],{"class":83},[73,51611,51008],{"class":769},[20,51613,38423],{},[64,51615,51617],{"className":66,"code":51616,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51618,51619,51636],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,51620,51621,51624,51626,51628,51630,51632,51634],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,51622,51623],{"class":216},"point ",[73,51625,221],{"class":220},[73,51627,9742],{"class":83},[73,51629,452],{"class":116},[73,51631,140],{"class":83},[73,51633,8300],{"class":116},[73,51635,249],{"class":83},[73,51637,51638,51640,51642,51644,51646,51649,51651],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,51639,80],{"class":79},[73,51641,84],{"class":83},[73,51643,11670],{"class":79},[73,51645,84],{"class":83},[73,51647,51648],{"class":245},"point",[73,51650,5874],{"class":83},[73,51652,51653],{"class":769},"  # 2\n",[20,51655,51656],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[64,51658,51660],{"className":66,"code":51659,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51661,51662,51686,51690,51708],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,51663,51664,51666,51668,51670,51672,51674,51676,51678,51680,51682,51684],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,51665,8289],{"class":216},[73,51667,221],{"class":220},[73,51669,891],{"class":83},[73,51671,94],{"class":93},[73,51673,4590],{"class":97},[73,51675,94],{"class":93},[73,51677,140],{"class":83},[73,51679,224],{"class":93},[73,51681,4599],{"class":97},[73,51683,94],{"class":93},[73,51685,924],{"class":83},[73,51687,51688],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,51689,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,51691,51692,51694,51696,51698,51700,51702,51704,51706],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,51693,7507],{"class":933},[73,51695,38893],{"class":79},[73,51697,84],{"class":83},[73,51699,8320],{"class":245},[73,51701,4177],{"class":83},[73,51703,38903],{"class":220},[73,51705,2085],{"class":116},[73,51707,946],{"class":83},[73,51709,51710,51712,51714,51716,51718,51720,51722],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,51711,1676],{"class":79},[73,51713,84],{"class":83},[73,51715,8320],{"class":245},[73,51717,4410],{"class":83},[73,51719,2397],{"class":116},[73,51721,20958],{"class":83},[73,51723,51724],{"class":769},"  # banana\n",[20,51726,51727],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[64,51729,51731],{"className":66,"code":51730,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51732,51733,51756],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,51734,51735,51737,51739,51741,51744,51746,51749,51751,51754],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,51736,5577],{"class":216},[73,51738,221],{"class":220},[73,51740,891],{"class":83},[73,51742,51743],{"class":116},"88",[73,51745,140],{"class":83},[73,51747,51748],{"class":116}," 91",[73,51750,140],{"class":83},[73,51752,51753],{"class":116}," 75",[73,51755,924],{"class":83},[73,51757,51758,51760,51762,51764,51767,51769,51771,51773,51775,51777],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,51759,80],{"class":79},[73,51761,84],{"class":83},[73,51763,94],{"class":93},[73,51765,51766],{"class":97},"Number of scores:",[73,51768,94],{"class":93},[73,51770,140],{"class":83},[73,51772,38893],{"class":79},[73,51774,84],{"class":83},[73,51776,16899],{"class":245},[73,51778,102],{"class":83},[20,51780,51781,51782,653],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[646,51783,51785],{"href":51784},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[59,51787,51789],{"id":51788},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51791,51792,51793,51795],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51794,42855],{}," counts keys.",[64,51797,51799],{"className":66,"code":51798,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51800,51801,51809,51827,51841,51857,51861,51865],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,51802,51803,51805,51807],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,51804,13374],{"class":216},[73,51806,221],{"class":220},[73,51808,12003],{"class":83},[73,51810,51811,51813,51815,51817,51819,51821,51823,51825],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,51812,12008],{"class":93},[73,51814,8177],{"class":97},[73,51816,94],{"class":93},[73,51818,1063],{"class":83},[73,51820,224],{"class":93},[73,51822,8432],{"class":97},[73,51824,94],{"class":93},[73,51826,12024],{"class":83},[73,51828,51829,51831,51833,51835,51837,51839],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,51830,12008],{"class":93},[73,51832,9804],{"class":97},[73,51834,94],{"class":93},[73,51836,1063],{"class":83},[73,51838,31449],{"class":116},[73,51840,12024],{"class":83},[73,51842,51843,51845,51847,51849,51851,51853,51855],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,51844,12008],{"class":93},[73,51846,20403],{"class":97},[73,51848,94],{"class":93},[73,51850,1063],{"class":83},[73,51852,224],{"class":93},[73,51854,22756],{"class":97},[73,51856,230],{"class":93},[73,51858,51859],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,51860,9814],{"class":83},[73,51862,51863],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,51864,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,51866,51867,51869,51871,51873,51875,51877,51879],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,51868,80],{"class":79},[73,51870,84],{"class":83},[73,51872,11670],{"class":79},[73,51874,84],{"class":83},[73,51876,14137],{"class":245},[73,51878,5874],{"class":83},[73,51880,51008],{"class":769},[20,51882,51883,51884,51886],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51885,42855],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51888,51889,51890,51892],{},"For sets, ",[15,51891,42855],{}," counts unique items:",[64,51894,51896],{"className":66,"code":51895,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51897,51898,51926],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,51899,51900,51902,51904,51906,51908,51910,51912,51914,51916,51918,51920,51922,51924],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,51901,4134],{"class":216},[73,51903,221],{"class":220},[73,51905,10997],{"class":83},[73,51907,2397],{"class":116},[73,51909,140],{"class":83},[73,51911,143],{"class":116},[73,51913,140],{"class":83},[73,51915,2982],{"class":116},[73,51917,140],{"class":83},[73,51919,2982],{"class":116},[73,51921,140],{"class":83},[73,51923,143],{"class":116},[73,51925,9814],{"class":83},[73,51927,51928,51930,51932,51934,51936,51938,51940],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,51929,80],{"class":79},[73,51931,84],{"class":83},[73,51933,11670],{"class":79},[73,51935,84],{"class":83},[73,51937,4164],{"class":245},[73,51939,5874],{"class":83},[73,51941,51008],{"class":769},[20,51943,51944],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51946,51947],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[64,51949,51951],{"className":66,"code":51950,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51952,51953,51961,51965,51983],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,51954,51955,51957,51959],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,51956,9672],{"class":216},[73,51958,221],{"class":220},[73,51960,10344],{"class":83},[73,51962,51963],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,51964,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,51966,51967,51969,51971,51973,51975,51977,51979,51981],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,51968,7507],{"class":933},[73,51970,38893],{"class":79},[73,51972,84],{"class":83},[73,51974,9710],{"class":245},[73,51976,4177],{"class":83},[73,51978,6918],{"class":220},[73,51980,4345],{"class":116},[73,51982,946],{"class":83},[73,51984,51985,51987,51989,51991,51994,51996],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,51986,1676],{"class":79},[73,51988,84],{"class":83},[73,51990,94],{"class":93},[73,51992,51993],{"class":97},"The dictionary is empty",[73,51995,94],{"class":93},[73,51997,249],{"class":83},[59,51999,41550],{"id":41549},[20,52001,52002,52003,653],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,52004,42855],{},[403,52006,52008],{"id":52007},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[64,52010,52012],{"className":66,"code":52011,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,52013,52014,52022,52026,52044],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,52015,52016,52018,52020],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,52017,8289],{"class":216},[73,52019,221],{"class":220},[73,52021,8349],{"class":83},[73,52023,52024],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,52025,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,52027,52028,52030,52032,52034,52036,52038,52040,52042],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,52029,7507],{"class":933},[73,52031,38893],{"class":79},[73,52033,84],{"class":83},[73,52035,8320],{"class":245},[73,52037,4177],{"class":83},[73,52039,6918],{"class":220},[73,52041,4345],{"class":116},[73,52043,946],{"class":83},[73,52045,52046,52048,52050,52052,52055,52057],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,52047,1676],{"class":79},[73,52049,84],{"class":83},[73,52051,94],{"class":93},[73,52053,52054],{"class":97},"The list is empty",[73,52056,94],{"class":93},[73,52058,249],{"class":83},[403,52060,52062],{"id":52061},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[64,52064,52066],{"className":66,"code":52065,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,52067,52068,52087],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,52069,52070,52072,52074,52076,52078,52080,52083,52085],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,52071,6665],{"class":216},[73,52073,221],{"class":220},[73,52075,8751],{"class":79},[73,52077,84],{"class":83},[73,52079,94],{"class":93},[73,52081,52082],{"class":97},"Enter a word: ",[73,52084,94],{"class":93},[73,52086,249],{"class":83},[73,52088,52089,52091,52093,52095,52098,52100,52102,52104,52106,52108],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,52090,80],{"class":79},[73,52092,84],{"class":83},[73,52094,94],{"class":93},[73,52096,52097],{"class":97},"Number of characters:",[73,52099,94],{"class":93},[73,52101,140],{"class":83},[73,52103,38893],{"class":79},[73,52105,84],{"class":83},[73,52107,38898],{"class":245},[73,52109,102],{"class":83},[403,52111,52113],{"id":52112},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[64,52115,52117],{"className":66,"code":52116,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,52118,52119,52133,52137,52155,52170,52176],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,52120,52121,52124,52126,52128,52131],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,52122,52123],{"class":216},"password ",[73,52125,221],{"class":220},[73,52127,224],{"class":93},[73,52129,52130],{"class":97},"secret123",[73,52132,230],{"class":93},[73,52134,52135],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,52136,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,52138,52139,52141,52143,52145,52147,52149,52151,52153],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,52140,7507],{"class":933},[73,52142,38893],{"class":79},[73,52144,84],{"class":83},[73,52146,18133],{"class":245},[73,52148,4177],{"class":83},[73,52150,51526],{"class":220},[73,52152,594],{"class":116},[73,52154,946],{"class":83},[73,52156,52157,52159,52161,52163,52166,52168],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,52158,1676],{"class":79},[73,52160,84],{"class":83},[73,52162,94],{"class":93},[73,52164,52165],{"class":97},"Password length is valid",[73,52167,94],{"class":93},[73,52169,249],{"class":83},[73,52171,52172,52174],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,52173,27944],{"class":933},[73,52175,946],{"class":83},[73,52177,52178,52180,52182,52184,52187,52189],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,52179,1676],{"class":79},[73,52181,84],{"class":83},[73,52183,94],{"class":93},[73,52185,52186],{"class":97},"Password is too short",[73,52188,94],{"class":93},[73,52190,249],{"class":83},[403,52192,52194],{"id":52193},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[64,52196,52198],{"className":66,"code":52197,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,52199,52200,52236],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,52201,52202,52205,52207,52209,52211,52214,52216,52218,52220,52223,52225,52227,52229,52232,52234],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,52203,52204],{"class":216},"results ",[73,52206,221],{"class":220},[73,52208,891],{"class":83},[73,52210,94],{"class":93},[73,52212,52213],{"class":97},"item1",[73,52215,94],{"class":93},[73,52217,140],{"class":83},[73,52219,224],{"class":93},[73,52221,52222],{"class":97},"item2",[73,52224,94],{"class":93},[73,52226,140],{"class":83},[73,52228,224],{"class":93},[73,52230,52231],{"class":97},"item3",[73,52233,94],{"class":93},[73,52235,924],{"class":83},[73,52237,52238,52240,52242,52244,52247,52249,52251,52253,52255,52258],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,52239,80],{"class":79},[73,52241,84],{"class":83},[73,52243,94],{"class":93},[73,52245,52246],{"class":97},"Items found:",[73,52248,94],{"class":93},[73,52250,140],{"class":83},[73,52252,38893],{"class":79},[73,52254,84],{"class":83},[73,52256,52257],{"class":245},"results",[73,52259,102],{"class":83},[20,52261,52262],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[59,52264,52266],{"id":52265},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,52268,52269,52271],{},[15,52270,42855],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,52273,52274,52275,1063],{},"These will raise a ",[15,52276,1630],{},[33,52278,52279,52282,52285],{},[36,52280,52281],{},"plain integers",[36,52283,52284],{},"floats",[36,52286,52287],{},[15,52288,1842],{},[20,52290,206],{},[64,52292,52294],{"className":66,"code":52293,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(len(5))\n",[15,52295,52296],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,52297,52298,52300,52302,52304,52306,52308],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,52299,80],{"class":79},[73,52301,84],{"class":83},[73,52303,11670],{"class":79},[73,52305,84],{"class":83},[73,52307,688],{"class":116},[73,52309,102],{"class":83},[20,52311,52312,52313,52315],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,52314,688],{}," does not have a length.",[20,52317,52318],{},"Another example:",[64,52320,52322],{"className":66,"code":52321,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,52323,52324],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,52325,52326,52328,52330,52332,52334,52336],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,52327,80],{"class":79},[73,52329,84],{"class":83},[73,52331,11670],{"class":79},[73,52333,84],{"class":83},[73,52335,896],{"class":116},[73,52337,102],{"class":83},[20,52339,52340,52341,1063],{},"And with ",[15,52342,1842],{},[64,52344,52346],{"className":66,"code":52345,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52347,52348,52356],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,52349,52350,52352,52354],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,52351,2202],{"class":216},[73,52353,221],{"class":220},[73,52355,2207],{"class":484},[73,52357,52358,52360,52362,52364,52366,52368],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,52359,80],{"class":79},[73,52361,84],{"class":83},[73,52363,11670],{"class":79},[73,52365,84],{"class":83},[73,52367,967],{"class":245},[73,52369,102],{"class":83},[20,52371,52372,52373,653],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[646,52374,52376],{"href":52375},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[59,52378,52380],{"id":52379},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52382,52383,52384,52386],{},"Before using ",[15,52385,42855],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52388,52389],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[64,52391,52393],{"className":66,"code":52392,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52394,52395,52403,52407,52417,52431,52449,52467],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,52396,52397,52399,52401],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,52398,2202],{"class":216},[73,52400,221],{"class":220},[73,52402,2207],{"class":484},[73,52404,52405],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,52406,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,52408,52409,52411,52413,52415],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,52410,80],{"class":79},[73,52412,84],{"class":83},[73,52414,967],{"class":245},[73,52416,249],{"class":83},[73,52418,52419,52421,52423,52425,52427,52429],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,52420,80],{"class":79},[73,52422,84],{"class":83},[73,52424,288],{"class":87},[73,52426,84],{"class":83},[73,52428,967],{"class":245},[73,52430,102],{"class":83},[73,52432,52433,52435,52437,52439,52441,52443,52445,52447],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,52434,80],{"class":79},[73,52436,84],{"class":83},[73,52438,49112],{"class":79},[73,52440,84],{"class":83},[73,52442,967],{"class":245},[73,52444,140],{"class":83},[73,52446,49141],{"class":87},[73,52448,102],{"class":83},[73,52450,52451,52453,52455,52457,52459,52461,52463,52465],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,52452,80],{"class":79},[73,52454,84],{"class":83},[73,52456,49112],{"class":79},[73,52458,84],{"class":83},[73,52460,967],{"class":245},[73,52462,140],{"class":83},[73,52464,23069],{"class":87},[73,52466,102],{"class":83},[73,52468,52469,52471,52473,52475,52477,52479,52481,52483],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,52470,80],{"class":79},[73,52472,84],{"class":83},[73,52474,49112],{"class":79},[73,52476,84],{"class":83},[73,52478,967],{"class":245},[73,52480,140],{"class":83},[73,52482,9677],{"class":87},[73,52484,102],{"class":83},[20,52486,52487],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52489,52490],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[64,52492,52494],{"className":66,"code":52493,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52495,52496,52508,52512,52526],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,52497,52498,52500,52502,52504,52506],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,52499,2202],{"class":216},[73,52501,221],{"class":220},[73,52503,224],{"class":93},[73,52505,4357],{"class":97},[73,52507,230],{"class":93},[73,52509,52510],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,52511,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,52513,52514,52516,52518,52520,52522,52524],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,52515,7507],{"class":933},[73,52517,937],{"class":216},[73,52519,12705],{"class":220},[73,52521,1910],{"class":220},[73,52523,4364],{"class":484},[73,52525,946],{"class":83},[73,52527,52528,52530,52532,52534,52536,52538],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,52529,1676],{"class":79},[73,52531,84],{"class":83},[73,52533,11670],{"class":79},[73,52535,84],{"class":83},[73,52537,967],{"class":245},[73,52539,102],{"class":83},[20,52541,52542,52543,653],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[646,52544,8951],{"href":2834},[59,52546,2102],{"id":2101},[20,52548,23604,52549,1063],{},[15,52550,42855],{},[33,52552,52553,52561,52569,52577,52583],{},[36,52554,657,52555,52557,52558],{},[15,52556,42855],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52559,52560],{},"len(5)",[36,52562,657,52563,52565,52566],{},[15,52564,42855],{}," on a float like ",[15,52567,52568],{},"len(3.14)",[36,52570,657,52571,52573,52574,52576],{},[15,52572,42855],{}," on ",[15,52575,1842],{}," after a function returns nothing",[36,52578,5092,52579,52582],{},[15,52580,52581],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[36,52584,52585],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52587,52588],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[64,52590,52592],{"className":66,"code":52591,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52593,52594,52630],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,52595,52596,52598,52600,52602,52604,52606,52608,52610,52612,52614,52616,52618,52620,52622,52624,52626,52628],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,52597,13715],{"class":216},[73,52599,221],{"class":220},[73,52601,10997],{"class":83},[73,52603,94],{"class":93},[73,52605,8177],{"class":97},[73,52607,94],{"class":93},[73,52609,1063],{"class":83},[73,52611,224],{"class":93},[73,52613,13391],{"class":97},[73,52615,94],{"class":93},[73,52617,140],{"class":83},[73,52619,224],{"class":93},[73,52621,9804],{"class":97},[73,52623,94],{"class":93},[73,52625,1063],{"class":83},[73,52627,8300],{"class":116},[73,52629,9814],{"class":83},[73,52631,52632,52634,52636,52638,52640,52642,52644],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,52633,80],{"class":79},[73,52635,84],{"class":83},[73,52637,11670],{"class":79},[73,52639,84],{"class":83},[73,52641,17818],{"class":245},[73,52643,5874],{"class":83},[73,52645,51653],{"class":769},[20,52647,38101,52648,52650,52651,1647,52653,653],{},[15,52649,530],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52652,15749],{},[15,52654,52655],{},"\"age\"",[20,52657,52658],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[64,52660,52662],{"className":66,"code":52661,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52663,52664,52677],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,52665,52666,52668,52670,52672,52675],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,52667,217],{"class":216},[73,52669,221],{"class":220},[73,52671,224],{"class":93},[73,52673,52674],{"class":97},"a b",[73,52676,230],{"class":93},[73,52678,52679,52681,52683,52685,52687,52689,52691],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,52680,80],{"class":79},[73,52682,84],{"class":83},[73,52684,11670],{"class":79},[73,52686,84],{"class":83},[73,52688,246],{"class":245},[73,52690,5874],{"class":83},[73,52692,51008],{"class":769},[20,52694,52695],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[59,52697,2350],{"id":2349},[403,52699,52701],{"id":52700},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52703,52704],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[403,52706,52708],{"id":52707},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52710,52711],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[403,52713,52715],{"id":52714},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52717,52718],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[403,52720,52722],{"id":52721},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52724,52725,52726,52728,52729,3408,52731,52733,52734,653],{},"No. Using ",[15,52727,42855],{}," on an ",[15,52730,88],{},[15,52732,1773],{}," raises a ",[15,52735,1630],{},[403,52737,52739],{"id":52738},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52741,8272,52742,653],{},[15,52743,52744],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52746,206],{},[64,52748,52750],{"className":66,"code":52749,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52751,52752,52760,52764,52782],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,52753,52754,52756,52758],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,52755,8817],{"class":216},[73,52757,221],{"class":220},[73,52759,8349],{"class":83},[73,52761,52762],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,52763,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,52765,52766,52768,52770,52772,52774,52776,52778,52780],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,52767,7507],{"class":933},[73,52769,38893],{"class":79},[73,52771,84],{"class":83},[73,52773,8848],{"class":245},[73,52775,4177],{"class":83},[73,52777,6918],{"class":220},[73,52779,4345],{"class":116},[73,52781,946],{"class":83},[73,52783,52784,52786,52788,52790,52793,52795],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,52785,1676],{"class":79},[73,52787,84],{"class":83},[73,52789,94],{"class":93},[73,52791,52792],{"class":97},"Empty list",[73,52794,94],{"class":93},[73,52796,249],{"class":83},[20,52798,52799,52800,52802,52803,52805,52806,52808],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52801,1367],{}," in an ",[15,52804,7507],{}," statement, but ",[15,52807,42855],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[59,52810,2413],{"id":2412},[33,52812,52813,52817,52821,52825,52830,52834,52840],{},[36,52814,52815],{},[646,52816,51214],{"href":51213},[36,52818,52819],{},[646,52820,51218],{"href":51217},[36,52822,52823],{},[646,52824,9662],{"href":9661},[36,52826,52827],{},[646,52828,52829],{"href":51784},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[36,52831,52832],{},[646,52833,8951],{"href":2834},[36,52835,52836],{},[646,52837,52839],{"href":52838},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[36,52841,52842],{},[646,52843,52844],{"href":52375},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2459,52846,52847],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":52849},[52850,52851,52852,52853,52854,52855,52856,52862,52863,52864,52865,52872],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":51016,"depth":105,"text":51017},{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":51361,"depth":105,"text":51362},{"id":51548,"depth":105,"text":51549},{"id":51788,"depth":105,"text":51789},{"id":41549,"depth":105,"text":41550,"children":52857},[52858,52859,52860,52861],{"id":52007,"depth":122,"text":52008},{"id":52061,"depth":122,"text":52062},{"id":52112,"depth":122,"text":52113},{"id":52193,"depth":122,"text":52194},{"id":52265,"depth":105,"text":52266},{"id":52379,"depth":105,"text":52380},{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":52866},[52867,52868,52869,52870,52871],{"id":52700,"depth":122,"text":52701},{"id":52707,"depth":122,"text":52708},{"id":52714,"depth":122,"text":52715},{"id":52721,"depth":122,"text":52722},{"id":52738,"depth":122,"text":52739},{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50899,"description":52873},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52880,"title":52881,"body":52882,"description":54567,"extension":2511,"meta":54568,"navigation":254,"path":54569,"seo":54570,"stem":54571,"__hash__":54572},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52883,"toc":54540},[52884,52887,52901,52907,52909,52963,52968,52972,52988,52991,53005,53011,53013,53016,53035,53051,53053,53129,53131,53168,53179,53181,53184,53245,53247,53280,53283,53289,53293,53296,53421,53423,53482,53490,53543,53545,53572,53578,53588,53592,53595,53600,53652,53654,53680,53686,53740,53742,53767,53770,53794,53800,53802,53806,53808,53865,53867,53875,53877,53899,53901,53954,53956,53980,53984,53986,54025,54027,54035,54041,54045,54097,54099,54125,54133,54137,54142,54151,54153,54219,54221,54253,54257,54262,54264,54278,54281,54354,54356,54382,54384,54388,54395,54399,54406,54410,54413,54415,54468,54470,54496,54500,54509,54511,54537],[10,52885,52881],{"id":52886},"python-list-append-method",[20,52888,1580,52889,52892,52893,52896,52897,52900],{},[15,52890,52891],{},"append()"," method adds ",[1194,52894,52895],{},"one item"," to the ",[1194,52898,52899],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52902,52903,52904,52906],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[1194,52905,1196],{}," create a new list.",[59,52908,4124],{"id":4123},[64,52910,52912],{"className":66,"code":52911,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52913,52914,52934,52948,52958],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,52915,52916,52918,52920,52922,52924,52926,52928,52930,52932],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,52917,4134],{"class":216},[73,52919,221],{"class":220},[73,52921,891],{"class":83},[73,52923,2397],{"class":116},[73,52925,140],{"class":83},[73,52927,143],{"class":116},[73,52929,140],{"class":83},[73,52931,2982],{"class":116},[73,52933,924],{"class":83},[73,52935,52936,52938,52940,52942,52944,52946],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,52937,4164],{"class":216},[73,52939,653],{"class":83},[73,52941,14064],{"class":245},[73,52943,84],{"class":83},[73,52945,3036],{"class":116},[73,52947,249],{"class":83},[73,52949,52950,52952,52954,52956],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,52951,80],{"class":79},[73,52953,84],{"class":83},[73,52955,4164],{"class":245},[73,52957,249],{"class":83},[73,52959,52960],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,52961,52962],{"class":769},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52964,171,52965,52967],{},[15,52966,52891],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[59,52969,52971],{"id":52970},"what-append-does","What append() does",[33,52973,52974,52979,52982,52985],{},[36,52975,52976,52978],{},[15,52977,52891],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[36,52980,52981],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[36,52983,52984],{},"It does not create a new list",[36,52986,52987],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52989,52990],{},"This means you can append:",[33,52992,52993,52995,52997,52999,53001,53003],{},[36,52994,4164],{},[36,52996,5821],{},[36,52998,41100],{},[36,53000,5812],{},[36,53002,7761],{},[36,53004,35169],{},[20,53006,53007,53008,653],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[646,53009,53010],{"href":51217},"Python lists explained for beginners",[59,53012,5944],{"id":5943},[20,53014,53015],{},"Basic form:",[64,53017,53019],{"className":66,"code":53018,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,53020,53021],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53022,53023,53025,53027,53029,53031,53033],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53024,8848],{"class":216},[73,53026,653],{"class":83},[73,53028,14064],{"class":245},[73,53030,84],{"class":83},[73,53032,23820],{"class":245},[73,53034,249],{"class":83},[33,53036,53037,53042,53047],{},[36,53038,53039,53041],{},[15,53040,8848],{}," is the list you want to change",[36,53043,53044,53046],{},[15,53045,23820],{}," is the value or object to add",[36,53048,12422,53049],{},[15,53050,1842],{},[20,53052,206],{},[64,53054,53056],{"className":66,"code":53055,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,53057,53058,53082,53105,53109,53119],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53059,53060,53062,53064,53066,53068,53070,53072,53074,53076,53078,53080],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53061,36746],{"class":216},[73,53063,221],{"class":220},[73,53065,891],{"class":83},[73,53067,94],{"class":93},[73,53069,4590],{"class":97},[73,53071,94],{"class":93},[73,53073,140],{"class":83},[73,53075,224],{"class":93},[73,53077,4599],{"class":97},[73,53079,94],{"class":93},[73,53081,924],{"class":83},[73,53083,53084,53086,53088,53091,53093,53095,53097,53099,53101,53103],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,53085,2766],{"class":216},[73,53087,221],{"class":220},[73,53089,53090],{"class":216}," fruits",[73,53092,653],{"class":83},[73,53094,14064],{"class":245},[73,53096,84],{"class":83},[73,53098,94],{"class":93},[73,53100,33727],{"class":97},[73,53102,94],{"class":93},[73,53104,249],{"class":83},[73,53106,53107],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,53108,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,53110,53111,53113,53115,53117],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,53112,80],{"class":79},[73,53114,84],{"class":83},[73,53116,36798],{"class":245},[73,53118,249],{"class":83},[73,53120,53121,53123,53125,53127],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,53122,80],{"class":79},[73,53124,84],{"class":83},[73,53126,2800],{"class":245},[73,53128,249],{"class":83},[20,53130,148],{},[64,53132,53134],{"className":66,"code":53133,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,53135,53136,53164],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53137,53138,53140,53142,53144,53146,53148,53150,53152,53154,53156,53158,53160,53162],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53139,4410],{"class":83},[73,53141,343],{"class":93},[73,53143,4590],{"class":97},[73,53145,343],{"class":93},[73,53147,140],{"class":83},[73,53149,337],{"class":93},[73,53151,4599],{"class":97},[73,53153,343],{"class":93},[73,53155,140],{"class":83},[73,53157,337],{"class":93},[73,53159,33727],{"class":97},[73,53161,343],{"class":93},[73,53163,924],{"class":83},[73,53165,53166],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,53167,12319],{"class":484},[20,53169,53170,53171,53173,53174,53176,53177,653],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,53172,52891],{}," updates ",[15,53175,36798],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,53178,1842],{},[59,53180,11985],{"id":11984},[20,53182,53183],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[64,53185,53187],{"className":66,"code":53186,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,53188,53189,53213,53231,53235],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53190,53191,53193,53195,53197,53199,53201,53203,53205,53207,53209,53211],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53192,13586],{"class":216},[73,53194,221],{"class":220},[73,53196,891],{"class":83},[73,53198,94],{"class":93},[73,53200,13603],{"class":97},[73,53202,94],{"class":93},[73,53204,140],{"class":83},[73,53206,224],{"class":93},[73,53208,13620],{"class":97},[73,53210,94],{"class":93},[73,53212,924],{"class":83},[73,53214,53215,53217,53219,53221,53223,53225,53227,53229],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,53216,18014],{"class":216},[73,53218,653],{"class":83},[73,53220,14064],{"class":245},[73,53222,84],{"class":83},[73,53224,94],{"class":93},[73,53226,17967],{"class":97},[73,53228,94],{"class":93},[73,53230,249],{"class":83},[73,53232,53233],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,53234,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,53236,53237,53239,53241,53243],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,53238,80],{"class":79},[73,53240,84],{"class":83},[73,53242,18014],{"class":245},[73,53244,249],{"class":83},[20,53246,148],{},[64,53248,53250],{"className":66,"code":53249,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,53251,53252],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53253,53254,53256,53258,53260,53262,53264,53266,53268,53270,53272,53274,53276,53278],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53255,4410],{"class":83},[73,53257,343],{"class":93},[73,53259,13603],{"class":97},[73,53261,343],{"class":93},[73,53263,140],{"class":83},[73,53265,337],{"class":93},[73,53267,13620],{"class":97},[73,53269,343],{"class":93},[73,53271,140],{"class":83},[73,53273,337],{"class":93},[73,53275,17967],{"class":97},[73,53277,343],{"class":93},[73,53279,924],{"class":83},[20,53281,53282],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,53284,31589,53285,653],{},[646,53286,53288],{"href":53287},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[59,53290,53292],{"id":53291},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,53294,53295],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[64,53297,53299],{"className":66,"code":53298,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53300,53301,53309,53313,53327,53345,53359,53385,53407,53411],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53302,53303,53305,53307],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53304,8289],{"class":216},[73,53306,221],{"class":220},[73,53308,8349],{"class":83},[73,53310,53311],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,53312,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,53314,53315,53317,53319,53321,53323,53325],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,53316,8320],{"class":216},[73,53318,653],{"class":83},[73,53320,14064],{"class":245},[73,53322,84],{"class":83},[73,53324,452],{"class":116},[73,53326,249],{"class":83},[73,53328,53329,53331,53333,53335,53337,53339,53341,53343],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,53330,8320],{"class":216},[73,53332,653],{"class":83},[73,53334,14064],{"class":245},[73,53336,84],{"class":83},[73,53338,94],{"class":93},[73,53340,4357],{"class":97},[73,53342,94],{"class":93},[73,53344,249],{"class":83},[73,53346,53347,53349,53351,53353,53355,53357],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,53348,8320],{"class":216},[73,53350,653],{"class":83},[73,53352,14064],{"class":245},[73,53354,84],{"class":83},[73,53356,430],{"class":484},[73,53358,249],{"class":83},[73,53360,53361,53363,53365,53367,53369,53371,53373,53375,53377,53379,53381,53383],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,53362,8320],{"class":216},[73,53364,653],{"class":83},[73,53366,14064],{"class":245},[73,53368,6042],{"class":83},[73,53370,94],{"class":93},[73,53372,8177],{"class":97},[73,53374,94],{"class":93},[73,53376,1063],{"class":83},[73,53378,224],{"class":93},[73,53380,8186],{"class":97},[73,53382,94],{"class":93},[73,53384,31002],{"class":83},[73,53386,53387,53389,53391,53393,53395,53397,53399,53401,53403,53405],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,53388,8320],{"class":216},[73,53390,653],{"class":83},[73,53392,14064],{"class":245},[73,53394,3510],{"class":83},[73,53396,2397],{"class":116},[73,53398,140],{"class":83},[73,53400,143],{"class":116},[73,53402,140],{"class":83},[73,53404,2982],{"class":116},[73,53406,4398],{"class":83},[73,53408,53409],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,53410,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,53412,53413,53415,53417,53419],{"class":75,"line":6940},[73,53414,80],{"class":79},[73,53416,84],{"class":83},[73,53418,8320],{"class":245},[73,53420,249],{"class":83},[20,53422,148],{},[64,53424,53426],{"className":66,"code":53425,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53427,53428],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53429,53430,53432,53434,53436,53438,53440,53442,53444,53446,53448,53450,53452,53454,53456,53458,53460,53462,53464,53467,53469,53471,53473,53475,53477,53479],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53431,4410],{"class":83},[73,53433,452],{"class":116},[73,53435,140],{"class":83},[73,53437,337],{"class":93},[73,53439,4357],{"class":97},[73,53441,343],{"class":93},[73,53443,140],{"class":83},[73,53445,4426],{"class":484},[73,53447,140],{"class":83},[73,53449,10997],{"class":83},[73,53451,343],{"class":93},[73,53453,8177],{"class":97},[73,53455,343],{"class":93},[73,53457,1063],{"class":83},[73,53459,337],{"class":93},[73,53461,8186],{"class":97},[73,53463,343],{"class":93},[73,53465,53466],{"class":83},"},",[73,53468,891],{"class":83},[73,53470,2397],{"class":116},[73,53472,140],{"class":83},[73,53474,143],{"class":116},[73,53476,140],{"class":83},[73,53478,2982],{"class":116},[73,53480,53481],{"class":83},"]]\n",[20,53483,53484,53485,1301,53487,653],{},"A list added with ",[15,53486,52891],{},[1194,53488,53489],{},"one single item",[64,53491,53493],{"className":66,"code":53492,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53494,53495,53511,53529,53533],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53496,53497,53499,53501,53503,53505,53507,53509],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53498,4134],{"class":216},[73,53500,221],{"class":220},[73,53502,891],{"class":83},[73,53504,2397],{"class":116},[73,53506,140],{"class":83},[73,53508,143],{"class":116},[73,53510,924],{"class":83},[73,53512,53513,53515,53517,53519,53521,53523,53525,53527],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,53514,4164],{"class":216},[73,53516,653],{"class":83},[73,53518,14064],{"class":245},[73,53520,3510],{"class":83},[73,53522,1304],{"class":116},[73,53524,140],{"class":83},[73,53526,2988],{"class":116},[73,53528,4398],{"class":83},[73,53530,53531],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,53532,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,53534,53535,53537,53539,53541],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,53536,80],{"class":79},[73,53538,84],{"class":83},[73,53540,4164],{"class":245},[73,53542,249],{"class":83},[20,53544,148],{},[64,53546,53548],{"className":66,"code":53547,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53549,53550],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53551,53552,53554,53556,53558,53560,53562,53564,53566,53568,53570],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53553,4410],{"class":83},[73,53555,2397],{"class":116},[73,53557,140],{"class":83},[73,53559,143],{"class":116},[73,53561,140],{"class":83},[73,53563,891],{"class":83},[73,53565,1304],{"class":116},[73,53567,140],{"class":83},[73,53569,2988],{"class":116},[73,53571,53481],{"class":83},[20,53573,2822,53574,53577],{},[15,53575,53576],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53579,53580,53581,53587],{},"This is different from ",[646,53582,53584],{"href":53583},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53585,53586],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[59,53589,53591],{"id":53590},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53593,53594],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[403,53596,657,53598],{"id":53597},"using-append",[15,53599,52891],{},[64,53601,53602],{"className":66,"code":53492,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,53603,53604,53620,53638,53642],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53605,53606,53608,53610,53612,53614,53616,53618],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53607,4134],{"class":216},[73,53609,221],{"class":220},[73,53611,891],{"class":83},[73,53613,2397],{"class":116},[73,53615,140],{"class":83},[73,53617,143],{"class":116},[73,53619,924],{"class":83},[73,53621,53622,53624,53626,53628,53630,53632,53634,53636],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,53623,4164],{"class":216},[73,53625,653],{"class":83},[73,53627,14064],{"class":245},[73,53629,3510],{"class":83},[73,53631,1304],{"class":116},[73,53633,140],{"class":83},[73,53635,2988],{"class":116},[73,53637,4398],{"class":83},[73,53639,53640],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,53641,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,53643,53644,53646,53648,53650],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,53645,80],{"class":79},[73,53647,84],{"class":83},[73,53649,4164],{"class":245},[73,53651,249],{"class":83},[20,53653,148],{},[64,53655,53656],{"className":66,"code":53547,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,53657,53658],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53659,53660,53662,53664,53666,53668,53670,53672,53674,53676,53678],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53661,4410],{"class":83},[73,53663,2397],{"class":116},[73,53665,140],{"class":83},[73,53667,143],{"class":116},[73,53669,140],{"class":83},[73,53671,891],{"class":83},[73,53673,1304],{"class":116},[73,53675,140],{"class":83},[73,53677,2988],{"class":116},[73,53679,53481],{"class":83},[403,53681,657,53683],{"id":53682},"using-extend",[15,53684,53685],{},"extend()",[64,53687,53689],{"className":66,"code":53688,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53690,53691,53707,53726,53730],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53692,53693,53695,53697,53699,53701,53703,53705],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53694,4134],{"class":216},[73,53696,221],{"class":220},[73,53698,891],{"class":83},[73,53700,2397],{"class":116},[73,53702,140],{"class":83},[73,53704,143],{"class":116},[73,53706,924],{"class":83},[73,53708,53709,53711,53713,53716,53718,53720,53722,53724],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,53710,4164],{"class":216},[73,53712,653],{"class":83},[73,53714,53715],{"class":245},"extend",[73,53717,3510],{"class":83},[73,53719,1304],{"class":116},[73,53721,140],{"class":83},[73,53723,2988],{"class":116},[73,53725,4398],{"class":83},[73,53727,53728],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,53729,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,53731,53732,53734,53736,53738],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,53733,80],{"class":79},[73,53735,84],{"class":83},[73,53737,4164],{"class":245},[73,53739,249],{"class":83},[20,53741,148],{},[64,53743,53745],{"className":66,"code":53744,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53746,53747],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53748,53749,53751,53753,53755,53757,53759,53761,53763,53765],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53750,4410],{"class":83},[73,53752,2397],{"class":116},[73,53754,140],{"class":83},[73,53756,143],{"class":116},[73,53758,140],{"class":83},[73,53760,2982],{"class":116},[73,53762,140],{"class":83},[73,53764,2988],{"class":116},[73,53766,924],{"class":83},[20,53768,53769],{},"The difference:",[33,53771,53772,53778,53784,53789],{},[36,53773,53774,53777],{},[15,53775,53776],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[36,53779,53780,53783],{},[15,53781,53782],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[36,53785,171,53786,53788],{},[15,53787,52891],{}," for one item",[36,53790,171,53791,53793],{},[15,53792,53685],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53795,53796,53797,653],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[646,53798,53799],{"href":53583},"Python list extend() method",[59,53801,5031],{"id":5030},[403,53803,53805],{"id":53804},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53807,26200],{},[64,53809,53811],{"className":66,"code":53810,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53812,53813,53833,53851,53855],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53814,53815,53817,53819,53821,53823,53825,53827,53829,53831],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53816,8289],{"class":216},[73,53818,221],{"class":220},[73,53820,891],{"class":83},[73,53822,2397],{"class":116},[73,53824,140],{"class":83},[73,53826,143],{"class":116},[73,53828,140],{"class":83},[73,53830,2982],{"class":116},[73,53832,924],{"class":83},[73,53834,53835,53837,53839,53841,53843,53845,53847,53849],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,53836,8289],{"class":216},[73,53838,221],{"class":220},[73,53840,6477],{"class":216},[73,53842,653],{"class":83},[73,53844,14064],{"class":245},[73,53846,84],{"class":83},[73,53848,3036],{"class":116},[73,53850,249],{"class":83},[73,53852,53853],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,53854,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,53856,53857,53859,53861,53863],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,53858,80],{"class":79},[73,53860,84],{"class":83},[73,53862,8320],{"class":245},[73,53864,249],{"class":83},[20,53866,148],{},[64,53868,53869],{"className":66,"code":12319,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,53870,53871],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53872,53873],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53874,12319],{"class":484},[20,53876,12411],{},[33,53878,53879,53884,53890],{},[36,53880,53881,53883],{},[15,53882,52891],{}," changes the list in place",[36,53885,53886,2928,53888],{},[15,53887,52891],{},[15,53889,1842],{},[36,53891,53892,53893,53896,53897],{},"So ",[15,53894,53895],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53898,1842],{},[20,53900,11315],{},[64,53902,53904],{"className":66,"code":53903,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53905,53906,53926,53940,53944],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53907,53908,53910,53912,53914,53916,53918,53920,53922,53924],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53909,8289],{"class":216},[73,53911,221],{"class":220},[73,53913,891],{"class":83},[73,53915,2397],{"class":116},[73,53917,140],{"class":83},[73,53919,143],{"class":116},[73,53921,140],{"class":83},[73,53923,2982],{"class":116},[73,53925,924],{"class":83},[73,53927,53928,53930,53932,53934,53936,53938],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,53929,8320],{"class":216},[73,53931,653],{"class":83},[73,53933,14064],{"class":245},[73,53935,84],{"class":83},[73,53937,3036],{"class":116},[73,53939,249],{"class":83},[73,53941,53942],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,53943,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,53945,53946,53948,53950,53952],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,53947,80],{"class":79},[73,53949,84],{"class":83},[73,53951,8320],{"class":245},[73,53953,249],{"class":83},[20,53955,148],{},[64,53957,53958],{"className":66,"code":53744,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,53959,53960],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53961,53962,53964,53966,53968,53970,53972,53974,53976,53978],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53963,4410],{"class":83},[73,53965,2397],{"class":116},[73,53967,140],{"class":83},[73,53969,143],{"class":116},[73,53971,140],{"class":83},[73,53973,2982],{"class":116},[73,53975,140],{"class":83},[73,53977,2988],{"class":116},[73,53979,924],{"class":83},[403,53981,53983],{"id":53982},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53985,19425],{},[64,53987,53989],{"className":66,"code":53988,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53990,53991,54015],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,53992,53993,53995,53997,53999,54001,54003,54005,54007,54009,54011,54013],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,53994,32389],{"class":216},[73,53996,221],{"class":220},[73,53998,891],{"class":83},[73,54000,2397],{"class":116},[73,54002,140],{"class":83},[73,54004,143],{"class":116},[73,54006,14061],{"class":83},[73,54008,14064],{"class":245},[73,54010,84],{"class":83},[73,54012,1304],{"class":116},[73,54014,249],{"class":83},[73,54016,54017,54019,54021,54023],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,54018,80],{"class":79},[73,54020,84],{"class":83},[73,54022,32408],{"class":245},[73,54024,249],{"class":83},[20,54026,148],{},[64,54028,54029],{"className":66,"code":12319,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,54030,54031],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,54032,54033],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,54034,12319],{"class":484},[20,54036,54037,54038,54040],{},"Remember: ",[15,54039,52891],{}," updates the list you already have.",[403,54042,54044],{"id":54043},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[64,54046,54047],{"className":66,"code":53492,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,54048,54049,54065,54083,54087],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,54050,54051,54053,54055,54057,54059,54061,54063],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,54052,4134],{"class":216},[73,54054,221],{"class":220},[73,54056,891],{"class":83},[73,54058,2397],{"class":116},[73,54060,140],{"class":83},[73,54062,143],{"class":116},[73,54064,924],{"class":83},[73,54066,54067,54069,54071,54073,54075,54077,54079,54081],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,54068,4164],{"class":216},[73,54070,653],{"class":83},[73,54072,14064],{"class":245},[73,54074,3510],{"class":83},[73,54076,1304],{"class":116},[73,54078,140],{"class":83},[73,54080,2988],{"class":116},[73,54082,4398],{"class":83},[73,54084,54085],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,54086,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,54088,54089,54091,54093,54095],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,54090,80],{"class":79},[73,54092,84],{"class":83},[73,54094,4164],{"class":245},[73,54096,249],{"class":83},[20,54098,148],{},[64,54100,54101],{"className":66,"code":53547,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,54102,54103],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,54104,54105,54107,54109,54111,54113,54115,54117,54119,54121,54123],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,54106,4410],{"class":83},[73,54108,2397],{"class":116},[73,54110,140],{"class":83},[73,54112,143],{"class":116},[73,54114,140],{"class":83},[73,54116,891],{"class":83},[73,54118,1304],{"class":116},[73,54120,140],{"class":83},[73,54122,2988],{"class":116},[73,54124,53481],{"class":83},[20,54126,2340,54127,54130,54131,7140],{},[15,54128,54129],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,54132,53685],{},[403,54134,54136],{"id":54135},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,54138,54139,54141],{},[15,54140,52891],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,54143,54144,54145,653],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[646,54146,54148],{"href":54147},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,54149,54150],{},"list.insert()",[20,54152,206],{},[64,54154,54156],{"className":66,"code":54155,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,54157,54158,54182,54205,54209],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,54159,54160,54162,54164,54166,54168,54170,54172,54174,54176,54178,54180],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,54161,36597],{"class":216},[73,54163,221],{"class":220},[73,54165,891],{"class":83},[73,54167,94],{"class":93},[73,54169,646],{"class":97},[73,54171,94],{"class":93},[73,54173,140],{"class":83},[73,54175,224],{"class":93},[73,54177,10245],{"class":97},[73,54179,94],{"class":93},[73,54181,924],{"class":83},[73,54183,54184,54186,54188,54191,54193,54195,54197,54199,54201,54203],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,54185,36650],{"class":216},[73,54187,653],{"class":83},[73,54189,54190],{"class":245},"insert",[73,54192,84],{"class":83},[73,54194,2397],{"class":116},[73,54196,140],{"class":83},[73,54198,224],{"class":93},[73,54200,5274],{"class":97},[73,54202,94],{"class":93},[73,54204,249],{"class":83},[73,54206,54207],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,54208,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,54210,54211,54213,54215,54217],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,54212,80],{"class":79},[73,54214,84],{"class":83},[73,54216,36650],{"class":245},[73,54218,249],{"class":83},[20,54220,148],{},[64,54222,54223],{"className":66,"code":43369,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,54224,54225],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,54226,54227,54229,54231,54233,54235,54237,54239,54241,54243,54245,54247,54249,54251],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,54228,4410],{"class":83},[73,54230,343],{"class":93},[73,54232,646],{"class":97},[73,54234,343],{"class":93},[73,54236,140],{"class":83},[73,54238,337],{"class":93},[73,54240,5274],{"class":97},[73,54242,343],{"class":93},[73,54244,140],{"class":83},[73,54246,337],{"class":93},[73,54248,10245],{"class":97},[73,54250,343],{"class":93},[73,54252,924],{"class":83},[59,54254,54256],{"id":54255},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,54258,54259,54261],{},[15,54260,52891],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,54263,36933],{},[33,54265,54266,54269,54272,54275],{},[36,54267,54268],{},"building a list in a loop",[36,54270,54271],{},"collecting user input",[36,54273,54274],{},"storing results step by step",[36,54276,54277],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,54279,54280],{},"Example with a loop:",[64,54282,54284],{"className":66,"code":54283,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,54285,54286,54295,54299,54320,54339,54343],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,54287,54288,54291,54293],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,54289,54290],{"class":216},"squares ",[73,54292,221],{"class":220},[73,54294,8349],{"class":83},[73,54296,54297],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,54298,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,54300,54301,54303,54305,54307,54310,54312,54314,54316,54318],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,54302,934],{"class":933},[73,54304,6897],{"class":216},[73,54306,940],{"class":933},[73,54308,54309],{"class":79}," range",[73,54311,84],{"class":83},[73,54313,2397],{"class":116},[73,54315,140],{"class":83},[73,54317,5118],{"class":116},[73,54319,8851],{"class":83},[73,54321,54322,54325,54327,54329,54331,54333,54335,54337],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,54323,54324],{"class":216},"    squares",[73,54326,653],{"class":83},[73,54328,14064],{"class":245},[73,54330,84],{"class":83},[73,54332,235],{"class":245},[73,54334,40380],{"class":220},[73,54336,2735],{"class":245},[73,54338,249],{"class":83},[73,54340,54341],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,54342,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,54344,54345,54347,54349,54352],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,54346,80],{"class":79},[73,54348,84],{"class":83},[73,54350,54351],{"class":245},"squares",[73,54353,249],{"class":83},[20,54355,148],{},[64,54357,54359],{"className":66,"code":54358,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54360,54361],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,54362,54363,54365,54367,54369,54371,54373,54376,54378,54380],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,54364,4410],{"class":83},[73,54366,2397],{"class":116},[73,54368,140],{"class":83},[73,54370,2988],{"class":116},[73,54372,140],{"class":83},[73,54374,54375],{"class":116}," 9",[73,54377,140],{"class":83},[73,54379,618],{"class":116},[73,54381,924],{"class":83},[59,54383,2350],{"id":2349},[403,54385,54387],{"id":54386},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54389,2360,54390,54392,54393,653],{},[15,54391,52891],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54394,1842],{},[403,54396,54398],{"id":54397},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54400,54401,54402,653],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[646,54403,54404],{"href":53583},[15,54405,53685],{},[403,54407,54409],{"id":54408},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54411,54412],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54414,206],{},[64,54416,54418],{"className":66,"code":54417,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54419,54420,54436,54454,54458],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,54421,54422,54424,54426,54428,54430,54432,54434],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,54423,9672],{"class":216},[73,54425,221],{"class":220},[73,54427,891],{"class":83},[73,54429,2397],{"class":116},[73,54431,140],{"class":83},[73,54433,143],{"class":116},[73,54435,924],{"class":83},[73,54437,54438,54440,54442,54444,54446,54448,54450,54452],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,54439,9710],{"class":216},[73,54441,653],{"class":83},[73,54443,14064],{"class":245},[73,54445,3510],{"class":83},[73,54447,1304],{"class":116},[73,54449,140],{"class":83},[73,54451,2988],{"class":116},[73,54453,4398],{"class":83},[73,54455,54456],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,54457,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,54459,54460,54462,54464,54466],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,54461,80],{"class":79},[73,54463,84],{"class":83},[73,54465,9710],{"class":245},[73,54467,249],{"class":83},[20,54469,148],{},[64,54471,54472],{"className":66,"code":53547,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,54473,54474],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,54475,54476,54478,54480,54482,54484,54486,54488,54490,54492,54494],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,54477,4410],{"class":83},[73,54479,2397],{"class":116},[73,54481,140],{"class":83},[73,54483,143],{"class":116},[73,54485,140],{"class":83},[73,54487,891],{"class":83},[73,54489,1304],{"class":116},[73,54491,140],{"class":83},[73,54493,2988],{"class":116},[73,54495,53481],{"class":83},[403,54497,54499],{"id":54498},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54501,54502,54504,54505,54508],{},[15,54503,52891],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54506,54507],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[59,54510,2413],{"id":2412},[33,54512,54513,54518,54522,54527,54531],{},[36,54514,54515],{},[646,54516,54517],{"href":53287},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[36,54519,54520],{},[646,54521,53799],{"href":53583},[36,54523,54524],{},[646,54525,54526],{"href":54147},"Python list insert() method",[36,54528,54529],{},[646,54530,53010],{"href":51217},[36,54532,54533],{},[646,54534,54536],{"href":54535},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2459,54538,54539],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":54541},[54542,54543,54544,54545,54546,54547,54553,54559,54560,54566],{"id":4123,"depth":105,"text":4124},{"id":52970,"depth":105,"text":52971},{"id":5943,"depth":105,"text":5944},{"id":11984,"depth":105,"text":11985},{"id":53291,"depth":105,"text":53292},{"id":53590,"depth":105,"text":53591,"children":54548},[54549,54551],{"id":53597,"depth":122,"text":54550},"Using append()",{"id":53682,"depth":122,"text":54552},"Using extend()",{"id":5030,"depth":105,"text":5031,"children":54554},[54555,54556,54557,54558],{"id":53804,"depth":122,"text":53805},{"id":53982,"depth":122,"text":53983},{"id":54043,"depth":122,"text":54044},{"id":54135,"depth":122,"text":54136},{"id":54255,"depth":105,"text":54256},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":54561},[54562,54563,54564,54565],{"id":54386,"depth":122,"text":54387},{"id":54397,"depth":122,"text":54398},{"id":54408,"depth":122,"text":54409},{"id":54498,"depth":122,"text":54499},{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52881,"description":54567},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54574,"title":54575,"body":54576,"description":55820,"extension":2511,"meta":55821,"navigation":254,"path":55822,"seo":55823,"stem":55824,"__hash__":55825},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54577,"toc":55785},[54578,54584,54590,54596,54598,54646,54651,54656,54660,54676,54682,54684,54687,54702,54704,54715,54717,54719,54776,54778,54786,54788,54804,54810,54812,54818,54822,54906,54909,54958,54965,54973,54976,54990,55003,55009,55084,55091,55098,55172,55180,55183,55194,55203,55207,55211,55222,55224,55301,55322,55324,55334,55337,55385,55387,55408,55411,55413,55464,55470,55477,55544,55550,55556,55559,55586,55591,55597,55600,55672,55675,55686,55692,55694,55700,55703,55709,55715,55722,55730,55736,55742,55744,55782],[10,54579,54581,54582,11831],{"id":54580},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54583,11830],{},[20,54585,54586,54589],{},[15,54587,54588],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54591,54592,54593,54595],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[1194,54594,11843],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[59,54597,4124],{"id":4123},[64,54599,54601],{"className":66,"code":54600,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54602,54603,54623,54633],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,54604,54605,54607,54609,54611,54613,54615,54617,54619,54621],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,54606,8289],{"class":216},[73,54608,221],{"class":220},[73,54610,891],{"class":83},[73,54612,2397],{"class":116},[73,54614,140],{"class":83},[73,54616,143],{"class":116},[73,54618,140],{"class":83},[73,54620,2982],{"class":116},[73,54622,924],{"class":83},[73,54624,54625,54627,54629,54631],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,54626,8320],{"class":216},[73,54628,653],{"class":83},[73,54630,11892],{"class":245},[73,54632,9151],{"class":83},[73,54634,54635,54637,54639,54641,54643],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,54636,80],{"class":79},[73,54638,84],{"class":83},[73,54640,8320],{"class":245},[73,54642,4177],{"class":83},[73,54644,54645],{"class":769},"  # []\n",[20,54647,171,54648,54650],{},[15,54649,11830],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[59,54652,178,54654,181],{"id":54653},"what-listclear-does",[15,54655,54588],{},[20,54657,54658,1063],{},[15,54659,54588],{},[33,54661,54662,54665,54668,54673],{},[36,54663,54664],{},"Removes every item from a list",[36,54666,54667],{},"Changes the original list in place",[36,54669,54670,54671],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54672,4300],{},[36,54674,54675],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54677,54678,54679,54681],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54680,11830],{},", but it contains no values.",[59,54683,370],{"id":369},[20,54685,54686],{},"Syntax:",[64,54688,54690],{"className":66,"code":54689,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54691,54692],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,54693,54694,54696,54698,54700],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,54695,8848],{"class":216},[73,54697,653],{"class":83},[73,54699,11892],{"class":245},[73,54701,9151],{"class":83},[20,54703,11968],{},[33,54705,54706,54709,54712],{},[36,54707,54708],{},"Call it on a list object",[36,54710,54711],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[36,54713,54714],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[59,54716,11985],{"id":11984},[20,54718,11988],{},[64,54720,54722],{"className":66,"code":54721,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54723,54724,54748,54752,54762,54766],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,54725,54726,54728,54730,54732,54734,54736,54738,54740,54742,54744,54746],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,54727,4134],{"class":216},[73,54729,221],{"class":220},[73,54731,891],{"class":83},[73,54733,452],{"class":116},[73,54735,140],{"class":83},[73,54737,8300],{"class":116},[73,54739,140],{"class":83},[73,54741,8305],{"class":116},[73,54743,140],{"class":83},[73,54745,51081],{"class":116},[73,54747,924],{"class":83},[73,54749,54750],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,54751,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,54753,54754,54756,54758,54760],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,54755,4164],{"class":216},[73,54757,653],{"class":83},[73,54759,11892],{"class":245},[73,54761,9151],{"class":83},[73,54763,54764],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,54765,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,54767,54768,54770,54772,54774],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,54769,80],{"class":79},[73,54771,84],{"class":83},[73,54773,4164],{"class":245},[73,54775,249],{"class":83},[20,54777,148],{},[64,54779,54780],{"className":66,"code":38804,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,54781,54782],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,54783,54784],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,54785,38804],{"class":83},[20,54787,12194],{},[33,54789,54790,54795,54801],{},[36,54791,54792,54794],{},[15,54793,4164],{}," starts with four items",[36,54796,54797,54800],{},[15,54798,54799],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[36,54802,54803],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54805,54806,54807,653],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[646,54808,53010],{"href":54809},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[59,54811,17930],{"id":17929},[20,54813,54814,2928,54816,653],{},[15,54815,11830],{},[15,54817,1842],{},[20,54819,41410,54820,52906],{},[1194,54821,1196],{},[64,54823,54825],{"className":66,"code":54824,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54826,54827,54859,54863,54877,54881,54894],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,54828,54829,54831,54833,54835,54837,54839,54841,54843,54845,54847,54849,54851,54853,54855,54857],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,54830,8289],{"class":216},[73,54832,221],{"class":220},[73,54834,891],{"class":83},[73,54836,94],{"class":93},[73,54838,646],{"class":97},[73,54840,94],{"class":93},[73,54842,140],{"class":83},[73,54844,224],{"class":93},[73,54846,5274],{"class":97},[73,54848,94],{"class":93},[73,54850,140],{"class":83},[73,54852,224],{"class":93},[73,54854,10245],{"class":97},[73,54856,94],{"class":93},[73,54858,924],{"class":83},[73,54860,54861],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,54862,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,54864,54865,54867,54869,54871,54873,54875],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,54866,2766],{"class":216},[73,54868,221],{"class":220},[73,54870,6477],{"class":216},[73,54872,653],{"class":83},[73,54874,11892],{"class":245},[73,54876,9151],{"class":83},[73,54878,54879],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,54880,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,54882,54883,54885,54887,54889,54891],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,54884,80],{"class":79},[73,54886,84],{"class":83},[73,54888,8320],{"class":245},[73,54890,4177],{"class":83},[73,54892,54893],{"class":769},"   # []\n",[73,54895,54896,54898,54900,54902,54904],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,54897,80],{"class":79},[73,54899,84],{"class":83},[73,54901,2800],{"class":245},[73,54903,4177],{"class":83},[73,54905,21388],{"class":769},[20,54907,54908],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[64,54910,54912],{"className":66,"code":54911,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54913,54914,54934,54948],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,54915,54916,54918,54920,54922,54924,54926,54928,54930,54932],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,54917,8289],{"class":216},[73,54919,221],{"class":220},[73,54921,891],{"class":83},[73,54923,2397],{"class":116},[73,54925,140],{"class":83},[73,54927,143],{"class":116},[73,54929,140],{"class":83},[73,54931,2982],{"class":116},[73,54933,924],{"class":83},[73,54935,54936,54938,54940,54942,54944,54946],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,54937,8289],{"class":216},[73,54939,221],{"class":220},[73,54941,6477],{"class":216},[73,54943,653],{"class":83},[73,54945,11892],{"class":245},[73,54947,9151],{"class":83},[73,54949,54950,54952,54954,54956],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,54951,80],{"class":79},[73,54953,84],{"class":83},[73,54955,8320],{"class":245},[73,54957,249],{"class":83},[20,54959,12427,54960,1301,54962,54964],{},[15,54961,8320],{},[15,54963,1842],{},", not an empty list.",[59,54966,54968,54970,54971],{"id":54967},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54969,11830],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54972,4300],{},[20,54974,54975],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[64,54977,54978],{"className":66,"code":54689,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,54979,54980],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,54981,54982,54984,54986,54988],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,54983,8848],{"class":216},[73,54985,653],{"class":83},[73,54987,11892],{"class":245},[73,54989,9151],{"class":83},[64,54991,54993],{"className":66,"code":54992,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list = []\n",[15,54994,54995],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,54996,54997,54999,55001],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,54998,8817],{"class":216},[73,55000,221],{"class":220},[73,55002,8349],{"class":83},[403,55004,55006,55008],{"id":55005},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,55007,11830],{}," empties the same list object",[64,55010,55012],{"className":66,"code":55011,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,55013,55014,55034,55042,55046,55056,55060,55072],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,55015,55016,55018,55020,55022,55024,55026,55028,55030,55032],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,55017,3086],{"class":216},[73,55019,221],{"class":220},[73,55021,891],{"class":83},[73,55023,2397],{"class":116},[73,55025,140],{"class":83},[73,55027,143],{"class":116},[73,55029,140],{"class":83},[73,55031,2982],{"class":116},[73,55033,924],{"class":83},[73,55035,55036,55038,55040],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,55037,3114],{"class":216},[73,55039,221],{"class":220},[73,55041,36682],{"class":216},[73,55043,55044],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,55045,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,55047,55048,55050,55052,55054],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,55049,646],{"class":216},[73,55051,653],{"class":83},[73,55053,11892],{"class":245},[73,55055,9151],{"class":83},[73,55057,55058],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,55059,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,55061,55062,55064,55066,55068,55070],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,55063,80],{"class":79},[73,55065,84],{"class":83},[73,55067,646],{"class":245},[73,55069,4177],{"class":83},[73,55071,54645],{"class":769},[73,55073,55074,55076,55078,55080,55082],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,55075,80],{"class":79},[73,55077,84],{"class":83},[73,55079,5274],{"class":245},[73,55081,4177],{"class":83},[73,55083,54645],{"class":769},[20,55085,11097,55086,1647,55088,55090],{},[15,55087,646],{},[15,55089,5274],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[403,55092,55094,55097],{"id":55093},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,55095,55096],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[64,55099,55101],{"className":66,"code":55100,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55102,55103,55123,55131,55135,55143,55147,55159],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,55104,55105,55107,55109,55111,55113,55115,55117,55119,55121],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,55106,3086],{"class":216},[73,55108,221],{"class":220},[73,55110,891],{"class":83},[73,55112,2397],{"class":116},[73,55114,140],{"class":83},[73,55116,143],{"class":116},[73,55118,140],{"class":83},[73,55120,2982],{"class":116},[73,55122,924],{"class":83},[73,55124,55125,55127,55129],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,55126,3114],{"class":216},[73,55128,221],{"class":220},[73,55130,36682],{"class":216},[73,55132,55133],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,55134,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,55136,55137,55139,55141],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,55138,3086],{"class":216},[73,55140,221],{"class":220},[73,55142,8349],{"class":83},[73,55144,55145],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,55146,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,55148,55149,55151,55153,55155,55157],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,55150,80],{"class":79},[73,55152,84],{"class":83},[73,55154,646],{"class":245},[73,55156,4177],{"class":83},[73,55158,54645],{"class":769},[73,55160,55161,55163,55165,55167,55169],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,55162,80],{"class":79},[73,55164,84],{"class":83},[73,55166,5274],{"class":245},[73,55168,4177],{"class":83},[73,55170,55171],{"class":769},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,55173,21283,55174,55176,55177,55179],{},[15,55175,646],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,55178,5274],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,55181,55182],{},"This difference matters when:",[33,55184,55185,55188,55191],{},[36,55186,55187],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[36,55189,55190],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[36,55192,55193],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,55195,55196,55197,653],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[646,55198,55200,55201,11248],{"href":55199},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,55202,13287],{},[59,55204,1999,55205],{"id":12949},[15,55206,11830],{},[20,55208,171,55209,6829],{},[15,55210,11830],{},[33,55212,55213,55216,55219],{},[36,55214,55215],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[36,55217,55218],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[36,55220,55221],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,55223,206],{},[64,55225,55227],{"className":66,"code":55226,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,55228,55229,55265,55269,55274,55285,55289],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,55230,55231,55234,55236,55238,55240,55243,55245,55247,55249,55252,55254,55256,55258,55261,55263],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,55232,55233],{"class":216},"shopping_cart ",[73,55235,221],{"class":220},[73,55237,891],{"class":83},[73,55239,94],{"class":93},[73,55241,55242],{"class":97},"milk",[73,55244,94],{"class":93},[73,55246,140],{"class":83},[73,55248,224],{"class":93},[73,55250,55251],{"class":97},"bread",[73,55253,94],{"class":93},[73,55255,140],{"class":83},[73,55257,224],{"class":93},[73,55259,55260],{"class":97},"eggs",[73,55262,94],{"class":93},[73,55264,924],{"class":83},[73,55266,55267],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,55268,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,55270,55271],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,55272,55273],{"class":769},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[73,55275,55276,55279,55281,55283],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,55277,55278],{"class":216},"shopping_cart",[73,55280,653],{"class":83},[73,55282,11892],{"class":245},[73,55284,9151],{"class":83},[73,55286,55287],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,55288,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,55290,55291,55293,55295,55297,55299],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,55292,80],{"class":79},[73,55294,84],{"class":83},[73,55296,55278],{"class":245},[73,55298,4177],{"class":83},[73,55300,54645],{"class":769},[20,55302,55303,55304,55308,55309,55315,55316,653],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[646,55305,55307],{"href":55306},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[646,55310,55312,11248],{"href":55311},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,55313,55314],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[646,55317,55319,11248],{"href":55318},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,55320,55321],{},"list.pop()",[59,55323,5031],{"id":5030},[403,55325,55327,55328,11600,55331],{"id":55326},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,55329,55330],{},"my_list.clear",[15,55332,55333],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,55335,55336],{},"This does not call the method.",[64,55338,55340],{"className":66,"code":55339,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,55341,55342,55362,55366,55375],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,55343,55344,55346,55348,55350,55352,55354,55356,55358,55360],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,55345,8289],{"class":216},[73,55347,221],{"class":220},[73,55349,891],{"class":83},[73,55351,2397],{"class":116},[73,55353,140],{"class":83},[73,55355,143],{"class":116},[73,55357,140],{"class":83},[73,55359,2982],{"class":116},[73,55361,924],{"class":83},[73,55363,55364],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,55365,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,55367,55368,55370,55372],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,55369,8320],{"class":216},[73,55371,653],{"class":83},[73,55373,55374],{"class":25260},"clear\n",[73,55376,55377,55379,55381,55383],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,55378,80],{"class":79},[73,55380,84],{"class":83},[73,55382,8320],{"class":245},[73,55384,249],{"class":83},[20,55386,148],{},[64,55388,55390],{"className":66,"code":55389,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55391,55392],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,55393,55394,55396,55398,55400,55402,55404,55406],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,55395,4410],{"class":83},[73,55397,2397],{"class":116},[73,55399,140],{"class":83},[73,55401,143],{"class":116},[73,55403,140],{"class":83},[73,55405,2982],{"class":116},[73,55407,924],{"class":83},[20,55409,55410],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55412,11315],{},[64,55414,55416],{"className":66,"code":55415,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55417,55418,55438,55442,55452],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,55419,55420,55422,55424,55426,55428,55430,55432,55434,55436],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,55421,8289],{"class":216},[73,55423,221],{"class":220},[73,55425,891],{"class":83},[73,55427,2397],{"class":116},[73,55429,140],{"class":83},[73,55431,143],{"class":116},[73,55433,140],{"class":83},[73,55435,2982],{"class":116},[73,55437,924],{"class":83},[73,55439,55440],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,55441,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,55443,55444,55446,55448,55450],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,55445,8320],{"class":216},[73,55447,653],{"class":83},[73,55449,11892],{"class":245},[73,55451,9151],{"class":83},[73,55453,55454,55456,55458,55460,55462],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,55455,80],{"class":79},[73,55457,84],{"class":83},[73,55459,8320],{"class":245},[73,55461,4177],{"class":83},[73,55463,54645],{"class":769},[403,55465,2300,55467,55469],{"id":55466},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55468,11830],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55471,55472,2928,55474,55476],{},[15,55473,11830],{},[15,55475,1842],{},", not the list.",[64,55478,55480],{"className":66,"code":55479,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55481,55482,55502,55516,55520,55532],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,55483,55484,55486,55488,55490,55492,55494,55496,55498,55500],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,55485,8289],{"class":216},[73,55487,221],{"class":220},[73,55489,891],{"class":83},[73,55491,2397],{"class":116},[73,55493,140],{"class":83},[73,55495,143],{"class":116},[73,55497,140],{"class":83},[73,55499,2982],{"class":116},[73,55501,924],{"class":83},[73,55503,55504,55506,55508,55510,55512,55514],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,55505,2766],{"class":216},[73,55507,221],{"class":220},[73,55509,6477],{"class":216},[73,55511,653],{"class":83},[73,55513,11892],{"class":245},[73,55515,9151],{"class":83},[73,55517,55518],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,55519,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,55521,55522,55524,55526,55528,55530],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,55523,80],{"class":79},[73,55525,84],{"class":83},[73,55527,2800],{"class":245},[73,55529,4177],{"class":83},[73,55531,21388],{"class":769},[73,55533,55534,55536,55538,55540,55542],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,55535,80],{"class":79},[73,55537,84],{"class":83},[73,55539,8320],{"class":245},[73,55541,4177],{"class":83},[73,55543,54893],{"class":769},[403,55545,657,55547,55549],{"id":55546},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55548,11830],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55551,55552,55553,55555],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55554,11830],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55557,55558],{},"This will fail:",[64,55560,55562],{"className":66,"code":55561,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55563,55564,55576],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,55565,55566,55568,55570,55572,55574],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,55567,217],{"class":216},[73,55569,221],{"class":220},[73,55571,224],{"class":93},[73,55573,4357],{"class":97},[73,55575,230],{"class":93},[73,55577,55578,55580,55582,55584],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,55579,246],{"class":216},[73,55581,653],{"class":83},[73,55583,11892],{"class":245},[73,55585,9151],{"class":83},[20,55587,55588,55589,34107],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55590,11830],{},[20,55592,55593,55594,55596],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55595,1842],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55598,55599],{},"Useful checks:",[64,55601,55603],{"className":66,"code":55602,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55604,55605,55615,55629,55643,55652,55662],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,55606,55607,55609,55611,55613],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,55608,80],{"class":79},[73,55610,84],{"class":83},[73,55612,8848],{"class":245},[73,55614,249],{"class":83},[73,55616,55617,55619,55621,55623,55625,55627],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,55618,80],{"class":79},[73,55620,84],{"class":83},[73,55622,288],{"class":87},[73,55624,84],{"class":83},[73,55626,8848],{"class":245},[73,55628,102],{"class":83},[73,55630,55631,55633,55635,55637,55639,55641],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,55632,80],{"class":79},[73,55634,84],{"class":83},[73,55636,13161],{"class":79},[73,55638,84],{"class":83},[73,55640,8848],{"class":245},[73,55642,102],{"class":83},[73,55644,55645,55647,55649],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,55646,44041],{"class":216},[73,55648,221],{"class":220},[73,55650,55651],{"class":216}," my_list\n",[73,55653,55654,55656,55658,55660],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,55655,8848],{"class":216},[73,55657,653],{"class":83},[73,55659,11892],{"class":245},[73,55661,9151],{"class":83},[73,55663,55664,55666,55668,55670],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,55665,80],{"class":79},[73,55667,84],{"class":83},[73,55669,31249],{"class":245},[73,55671,249],{"class":83},[20,55673,55674],{},"These can help you see:",[33,55676,55677,55680,55683],{},[36,55678,55679],{},"What the variable currently contains",[36,55681,55682],{},"Whether it is really a list",[36,55684,55685],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55687,55688,55689,653],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[646,55690,55691],{"href":54535},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[59,55693,2350],{"id":2349},[403,55695,2354,55697,55699],{"id":55696},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55698,54588],{}," delete the list?",[20,55701,55702],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[403,55704,2354,55706,55708],{"id":55705},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55707,54588],{}," return a new list?",[20,55710,55711,55712,55714],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55713,1842],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[403,55716,5691,55718,1647,55720,3023],{"id":55717},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55719,11830],{},[15,55721,55096],{},[20,55723,55724,55726,55727,55729],{},[15,55725,11830],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55728,55096],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[403,55731,28838,55733,55735],{"id":55732},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55734,11830],{}," on other types?",[20,55737,55738,55739,55741],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55740,11830],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[59,55743,2413],{"id":2412},[33,55745,55746,55750,55755,55762,55769,55775],{},[36,55747,55748],{},[646,55749,53010],{"href":54809},[36,55751,55752],{},[646,55753,55754],{"href":55306},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[36,55756,55757],{},[646,55758,55759,55760,11248],{"href":55318},"Python list ",[15,55761,13273],{},[36,55763,55764],{},[646,55765,55759,55766,11248],{"href":55311},[15,55767,55768],{},"remove()",[36,55770,55771],{},[646,55772,55759,55773,11248],{"href":55199},[15,55774,13287],{},[36,55776,55777],{},[646,55778,2455,55779,34140],{"href":54535},[15,55780,55781],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2459,55783,55784],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":55786},[55787,55788,55790,55791,55792,55793,55800,55801,55809,55819],{"id":4123,"depth":105,"text":4124},{"id":54653,"depth":105,"text":55789},"What list.clear() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":11984,"depth":105,"text":11985},{"id":17929,"depth":105,"text":17930},{"id":54967,"depth":105,"text":55794,"children":55795},"clear() vs assigning []",[55796,55798],{"id":55005,"depth":122,"text":55797},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":55093,"depth":122,"text":55799},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12949,"depth":105,"text":13319},{"id":5030,"depth":105,"text":5031,"children":55802},[55803,55805,55807],{"id":55326,"depth":122,"text":55804},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55466,"depth":122,"text":55806},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55546,"depth":122,"text":55808},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":55810},[55811,55813,55815,55817],{"id":55696,"depth":122,"text":55812},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55705,"depth":122,"text":55814},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55717,"depth":122,"text":55816},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55732,"depth":122,"text":55818},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54575,"description":55820},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55827,"title":55828,"body":55829,"description":57514,"extension":2511,"meta":57515,"navigation":254,"path":57516,"seo":57517,"stem":57518,"__hash__":57519},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55830,"toc":57482},[55831,55836,55842,55850,55852,55941,55948,55953,55957,55971,55973,56050,56052,56113,56116,56118,56120,56141,56144,56158,56161,56206,56208,56216,56219,56225,56231,56234,56311,56313,56358,56361,56366,56449,56451,56492,56497,56501,56507,56509,56517,56520,56613,56615,56673,56676,56692,56697,56707,56712,56714,56719,56724,56727,56729,56786,56789,56842,56848,56853,56857,56874,56876,56960,56962,57003,57011,57013,57018,57024,57026,57089,57094,57164,57168,57203,57206,57208,57247,57251,57327,57333,57339,57344,57366,57369,57388,57396,57398,57404,57407,57414,57422,57427,57430,57434,57440,57448,57451,57453,57479],[10,55832,54581,55834,11831],{"id":55833},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55835,13287],{},[20,55837,55838,55841],{},[15,55839,55840],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55843,55844,55845,1192,55847,55849],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55846,221],{},[1194,55848,1196],{}," make a real copy.",[59,55851,62],{"id":61},[64,55853,55855],{"className":66,"code":55854,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55856,55857,55877,55892,55896,55911,55915,55928],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,55858,55859,55861,55863,55865,55867,55869,55871,55873,55875],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,55860,4134],{"class":216},[73,55862,221],{"class":220},[73,55864,891],{"class":83},[73,55866,2397],{"class":116},[73,55868,140],{"class":83},[73,55870,143],{"class":116},[73,55872,140],{"class":83},[73,55874,2982],{"class":116},[73,55876,924],{"class":83},[73,55878,55879,55882,55884,55886,55888,55890],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,55880,55881],{"class":216},"new_numbers ",[73,55883,221],{"class":220},[73,55885,4775],{"class":216},[73,55887,653],{"class":83},[73,55889,13422],{"class":245},[73,55891,9151],{"class":83},[73,55893,55894],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,55895,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,55897,55898,55901,55903,55905,55907,55909],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,55899,55900],{"class":216},"new_numbers",[73,55902,653],{"class":83},[73,55904,14064],{"class":245},[73,55906,84],{"class":83},[73,55908,3036],{"class":116},[73,55910,249],{"class":83},[73,55912,55913],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,55914,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,55916,55917,55919,55921,55923,55925],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,55918,80],{"class":79},[73,55920,84],{"class":83},[73,55922,4164],{"class":245},[73,55924,4177],{"class":83},[73,55926,55927],{"class":769},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[73,55929,55930,55932,55934,55936,55938],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,55931,80],{"class":79},[73,55933,84],{"class":83},[73,55935,55900],{"class":245},[73,55937,4177],{"class":83},[73,55939,55940],{"class":769},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55942,171,55943,55945,55946,653],{},[15,55944,55840],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[1194,55947,13361],{},[59,55949,178,55951,181],{"id":55950},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55952,55840],{},[20,55954,55955,1063],{},[15,55956,55840],{},[33,55958,55959,55962,55965,55968],{},[36,55960,55961],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[36,55963,55964],{},"Returns that new list",[36,55966,55967],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[36,55969,55970],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55972,206],{},[64,55974,55976],{"className":66,"code":55975,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55977,55978,56010,56025,56029,56039],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,55979,55980,55982,55984,55986,55988,55990,55992,55994,55996,55998,56000,56002,56004,56006,56008],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,55981,36746],{"class":216},[73,55983,221],{"class":220},[73,55985,891],{"class":83},[73,55987,94],{"class":93},[73,55989,4590],{"class":97},[73,55991,94],{"class":93},[73,55993,140],{"class":83},[73,55995,224],{"class":93},[73,55997,4599],{"class":97},[73,55999,94],{"class":93},[73,56001,140],{"class":83},[73,56003,224],{"class":93},[73,56005,33727],{"class":97},[73,56007,94],{"class":93},[73,56009,924],{"class":83},[73,56011,56012,56015,56017,56019,56021,56023],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,56013,56014],{"class":216},"copied_fruits ",[73,56016,221],{"class":220},[73,56018,53090],{"class":216},[73,56020,653],{"class":83},[73,56022,13422],{"class":245},[73,56024,9151],{"class":83},[73,56026,56027],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,56028,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,56030,56031,56033,56035,56037],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,56032,80],{"class":79},[73,56034,84],{"class":83},[73,56036,36798],{"class":245},[73,56038,249],{"class":83},[73,56040,56041,56043,56045,56048],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,56042,80],{"class":79},[73,56044,84],{"class":83},[73,56046,56047],{"class":245},"copied_fruits",[73,56049,249],{"class":83},[20,56051,148],{},[64,56053,56055],{"className":66,"code":56054,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,56056,56057,56085],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,56058,56059,56061,56063,56065,56067,56069,56071,56073,56075,56077,56079,56081,56083],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,56060,4410],{"class":83},[73,56062,343],{"class":93},[73,56064,4590],{"class":97},[73,56066,343],{"class":93},[73,56068,140],{"class":83},[73,56070,337],{"class":93},[73,56072,4599],{"class":97},[73,56074,343],{"class":93},[73,56076,140],{"class":83},[73,56078,337],{"class":93},[73,56080,33727],{"class":97},[73,56082,343],{"class":93},[73,56084,924],{"class":83},[73,56086,56087,56089,56091,56093,56095,56097,56099,56101,56103,56105,56107,56109,56111],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,56088,4410],{"class":83},[73,56090,343],{"class":93},[73,56092,4590],{"class":97},[73,56094,343],{"class":93},[73,56096,140],{"class":83},[73,56098,337],{"class":93},[73,56100,4599],{"class":97},[73,56102,343],{"class":93},[73,56104,140],{"class":83},[73,56106,337],{"class":93},[73,56108,33727],{"class":97},[73,56110,343],{"class":93},[73,56112,924],{"class":83},[20,56114,56115],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[59,56117,370],{"id":369},[20,56119,2700],{},[64,56121,56123],{"className":66,"code":56122,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,56124,56125],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,56126,56127,56130,56132,56135,56137,56139],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,56128,56129],{"class":216},"new_list ",[73,56131,221],{"class":220},[73,56133,56134],{"class":216}," old_list",[73,56136,653],{"class":83},[73,56138,13422],{"class":245},[73,56140,9151],{"class":83},[20,56142,56143],{},"How it works:",[33,56145,56146,56152,56155],{},[36,56147,56148,56149,56151],{},"Call ",[15,56150,13287],{}," on an existing list",[36,56153,56154],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[36,56156,56157],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,56159,56160],{},"Example with an empty list:",[64,56162,56164],{"className":66,"code":56163,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,56165,56166,56175,56191,56195],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,56167,56168,56171,56173],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,56169,56170],{"class":216},"empty_list ",[73,56172,221],{"class":220},[73,56174,8349],{"class":83},[73,56176,56177,56180,56182,56185,56187,56189],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,56178,56179],{"class":216},"new_empty_list ",[73,56181,221],{"class":220},[73,56183,56184],{"class":216}," empty_list",[73,56186,653],{"class":83},[73,56188,13422],{"class":245},[73,56190,9151],{"class":83},[73,56192,56193],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,56194,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,56196,56197,56199,56201,56204],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,56198,80],{"class":79},[73,56200,84],{"class":83},[73,56202,56203],{"class":245},"new_empty_list",[73,56205,249],{"class":83},[20,56207,148],{},[64,56209,56210],{"className":66,"code":38804,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,56211,56212],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,56213,56214],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,56215,38804],{"class":83},[20,56217,56218],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[59,56220,56222,56223],{"id":56221},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,56224,221],{},[20,56226,657,56227,1192,56229,52906],{},[15,56228,221],{},[1194,56230,1196],{},[20,56232,56233],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[64,56235,56237],{"className":66,"code":56236,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,56238,56239,56259,56268,56272,56287,56291,56301],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,56240,56241,56243,56245,56247,56249,56251,56253,56255,56257],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,56242,4134],{"class":216},[73,56244,221],{"class":220},[73,56246,891],{"class":83},[73,56248,2397],{"class":116},[73,56250,140],{"class":83},[73,56252,143],{"class":116},[73,56254,140],{"class":83},[73,56256,2982],{"class":116},[73,56258,924],{"class":83},[73,56260,56261,56264,56266],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,56262,56263],{"class":216},"same_list ",[73,56265,221],{"class":220},[73,56267,44474],{"class":216},[73,56269,56270],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,56271,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,56273,56274,56277,56279,56281,56283,56285],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,56275,56276],{"class":216},"same_list",[73,56278,653],{"class":83},[73,56280,14064],{"class":245},[73,56282,84],{"class":83},[73,56284,3036],{"class":116},[73,56286,249],{"class":83},[73,56288,56289],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,56290,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,56292,56293,56295,56297,56299],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,56294,80],{"class":79},[73,56296,84],{"class":83},[73,56298,4164],{"class":245},[73,56300,249],{"class":83},[73,56302,56303,56305,56307,56309],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,56304,80],{"class":79},[73,56306,84],{"class":83},[73,56308,56276],{"class":245},[73,56310,249],{"class":83},[20,56312,148],{},[64,56314,56316],{"className":66,"code":56315,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56317,56318,56338],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,56319,56320,56322,56324,56326,56328,56330,56332,56334,56336],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,56321,4410],{"class":83},[73,56323,2397],{"class":116},[73,56325,140],{"class":83},[73,56327,143],{"class":116},[73,56329,140],{"class":83},[73,56331,2982],{"class":116},[73,56333,140],{"class":83},[73,56335,2988],{"class":116},[73,56337,924],{"class":83},[73,56339,56340,56342,56344,56346,56348,56350,56352,56354,56356],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,56341,4410],{"class":83},[73,56343,2397],{"class":116},[73,56345,140],{"class":83},[73,56347,143],{"class":116},[73,56349,140],{"class":83},[73,56351,2982],{"class":116},[73,56353,140],{"class":83},[73,56355,2988],{"class":116},[73,56357,924],{"class":83},[20,56359,56360],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56362,56363,56364,1063],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56365,13287],{},[64,56367,56369],{"className":66,"code":56368,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56370,56371,56391,56406,56410,56425,56429,56439],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,56372,56373,56375,56377,56379,56381,56383,56385,56387,56389],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,56374,4134],{"class":216},[73,56376,221],{"class":220},[73,56378,891],{"class":83},[73,56380,2397],{"class":116},[73,56382,140],{"class":83},[73,56384,143],{"class":116},[73,56386,140],{"class":83},[73,56388,2982],{"class":116},[73,56390,924],{"class":83},[73,56392,56393,56396,56398,56400,56402,56404],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,56394,56395],{"class":216},"copied_numbers ",[73,56397,221],{"class":220},[73,56399,4775],{"class":216},[73,56401,653],{"class":83},[73,56403,13422],{"class":245},[73,56405,9151],{"class":83},[73,56407,56408],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,56409,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,56411,56412,56415,56417,56419,56421,56423],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,56413,56414],{"class":216},"copied_numbers",[73,56416,653],{"class":83},[73,56418,14064],{"class":245},[73,56420,84],{"class":83},[73,56422,3036],{"class":116},[73,56424,249],{"class":83},[73,56426,56427],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,56428,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,56430,56431,56433,56435,56437],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,56432,80],{"class":79},[73,56434,84],{"class":83},[73,56436,4164],{"class":245},[73,56438,249],{"class":83},[73,56440,56441,56443,56445,56447],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,56442,80],{"class":79},[73,56444,84],{"class":83},[73,56446,56414],{"class":245},[73,56448,249],{"class":83},[20,56450,148],{},[64,56452,56454],{"className":66,"code":56453,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56455,56456,56472],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,56457,56458,56460,56462,56464,56466,56468,56470],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,56459,4410],{"class":83},[73,56461,2397],{"class":116},[73,56463,140],{"class":83},[73,56465,143],{"class":116},[73,56467,140],{"class":83},[73,56469,2982],{"class":116},[73,56471,924],{"class":83},[73,56473,56474,56476,56478,56480,56482,56484,56486,56488,56490],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,56475,4410],{"class":83},[73,56477,2397],{"class":116},[73,56479,140],{"class":83},[73,56481,143],{"class":116},[73,56483,140],{"class":83},[73,56485,2982],{"class":116},[73,56487,140],{"class":83},[73,56489,2988],{"class":116},[73,56491,924],{"class":83},[20,56493,56494,56495,653],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[646,56496,53010],{"href":51217},[59,56498,56500],{"id":56499},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56502,56503,13358,56505,653],{},[15,56504,55840],{},[1194,56506,13361],{},[20,56508,2649],{},[33,56510,56511,56514],{},[36,56512,56513],{},"The outer list is new",[36,56515,56516],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56518,56519],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[64,56521,56523],{"className":66,"code":56522,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56524,56525,56552,56566,56570,56589,56593,56603],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,56526,56527,56529,56531,56534,56536,56538,56540,56542,56544,56546,56548,56550],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,56528,12597],{"class":216},[73,56530,221],{"class":220},[73,56532,56533],{"class":83}," [[",[73,56535,2397],{"class":116},[73,56537,140],{"class":83},[73,56539,143],{"class":116},[73,56541,18574],{"class":83},[73,56543,891],{"class":83},[73,56545,1304],{"class":116},[73,56547,140],{"class":83},[73,56549,2988],{"class":116},[73,56551,53481],{"class":83},[73,56553,56554,56556,56558,56560,56562,56564],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,56555,14821],{"class":216},[73,56557,221],{"class":220},[73,56559,12672],{"class":216},[73,56561,653],{"class":83},[73,56563,13422],{"class":245},[73,56565,9151],{"class":83},[73,56567,56568],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,56569,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,56571,56572,56574,56576,56578,56580,56582,56584,56587],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,56573,14840],{"class":216},[73,56575,4410],{"class":83},[73,56577,806],{"class":116},[73,56579,14061],{"class":83},[73,56581,14064],{"class":245},[73,56583,84],{"class":83},[73,56585,56586],{"class":116},"99",[73,56588,249],{"class":83},[73,56590,56591],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,56592,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,56594,56595,56597,56599,56601],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,56596,80],{"class":79},[73,56598,84],{"class":83},[73,56600,12644],{"class":245},[73,56602,249],{"class":83},[73,56604,56605,56607,56609,56611],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,56606,80],{"class":79},[73,56608,84],{"class":83},[73,56610,14840],{"class":245},[73,56612,249],{"class":83},[20,56614,148],{},[64,56616,56618],{"className":66,"code":56617,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56619,56620,56647],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,56621,56622,56625,56627,56629,56631,56633,56635,56637,56639,56641,56643,56645],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,56623,56624],{"class":83},"[[",[73,56626,2397],{"class":116},[73,56628,140],{"class":83},[73,56630,143],{"class":116},[73,56632,140],{"class":83},[73,56634,10703],{"class":116},[73,56636,18574],{"class":83},[73,56638,891],{"class":83},[73,56640,1304],{"class":116},[73,56642,140],{"class":83},[73,56644,2988],{"class":116},[73,56646,53481],{"class":83},[73,56648,56649,56651,56653,56655,56657,56659,56661,56663,56665,56667,56669,56671],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,56650,56624],{"class":83},[73,56652,2397],{"class":116},[73,56654,140],{"class":83},[73,56656,143],{"class":116},[73,56658,140],{"class":83},[73,56660,10703],{"class":116},[73,56662,18574],{"class":83},[73,56664,891],{"class":83},[73,56666,1304],{"class":116},[73,56668,140],{"class":83},[73,56670,2988],{"class":116},[73,56672,53481],{"class":83},[20,56674,56675],{},"Why did both change?",[33,56677,56678,56685],{},[36,56679,56680,1647,56682,56684],{},[15,56681,12644],{},[15,56683,14840],{}," are different outer lists",[36,56686,56687,56688,56691],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56689,56690],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56693,53892,56694,56696],{},[15,56695,13287],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[33,56698,56699,56702,56705],{},[36,56700,56701],{},"Numbers",[36,56703,56704],{},"Strings",[36,56706,41101],{},[20,56708,56709,56710,653],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[646,56711,14302],{"href":14301},[59,56713,17930],{"id":17929},[20,56715,56716,56718],{},[15,56717,55840],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56720,41410,56721,56723],{},[1194,56722,1196],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56725,56726],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56728,17166],{},[64,56730,56732],{"className":66,"code":56731,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56733,56734,56758,56772,56776],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,56735,56736,56738,56740,56742,56744,56746,56748,56750,56752,56754,56756],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,56737,13586],{"class":216},[73,56739,221],{"class":220},[73,56741,891],{"class":83},[73,56743,94],{"class":93},[73,56745,13603],{"class":97},[73,56747,94],{"class":93},[73,56749,140],{"class":83},[73,56751,224],{"class":93},[73,56753,13620],{"class":97},[73,56755,94],{"class":93},[73,56757,924],{"class":83},[73,56759,56760,56762,56764,56766,56768,56770],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,56761,13629],{"class":216},[73,56763,221],{"class":220},[73,56765,13634],{"class":216},[73,56767,653],{"class":83},[73,56769,13422],{"class":245},[73,56771,9151],{"class":83},[73,56773,56774],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,56775,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,56777,56778,56780,56782,56784],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,56779,80],{"class":79},[73,56781,84],{"class":83},[73,56783,13653],{"class":245},[73,56785,249],{"class":83},[20,56787,56788],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[64,56790,56792],{"className":66,"code":56791,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56793,56794,56818,56828,56832],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,56795,56796,56798,56800,56802,56804,56806,56808,56810,56812,56814,56816],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,56797,13586],{"class":216},[73,56799,221],{"class":220},[73,56801,891],{"class":83},[73,56803,94],{"class":93},[73,56805,13603],{"class":97},[73,56807,94],{"class":93},[73,56809,140],{"class":83},[73,56811,224],{"class":93},[73,56813,13620],{"class":97},[73,56815,94],{"class":93},[73,56817,924],{"class":83},[73,56819,56820,56822,56824,56826],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,56821,18014],{"class":216},[73,56823,653],{"class":83},[73,56825,13422],{"class":245},[73,56827,9151],{"class":83},[73,56829,56830],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,56831,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,56833,56834,56836,56838,56840],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,56835,80],{"class":79},[73,56837,84],{"class":83},[73,56839,18014],{"class":245},[73,56841,249],{"class":83},[20,56843,56844,56845,56847],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56846,13287],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[59,56849,1999,56851],{"id":56850},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56852,55840],{},[20,56854,171,56855,11108],{},[15,56856,55840],{},[33,56858,56859,56862,56865,56868],{},[36,56860,56861],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[36,56863,56864],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[36,56866,56867],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[36,56869,56870,56871],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56872,56873],{},"[:]",[20,56875,206],{},[64,56877,56879],{"className":66,"code":56878,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56880,56881,56901,56916,56920,56935,56939,56949],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,56882,56883,56885,56887,56889,56891,56893,56895,56897,56899],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,56884,5577],{"class":216},[73,56886,221],{"class":220},[73,56888,891],{"class":83},[73,56890,452],{"class":116},[73,56892,140],{"class":83},[73,56894,8300],{"class":116},[73,56896,140],{"class":83},[73,56898,8305],{"class":116},[73,56900,924],{"class":83},[73,56902,56903,56906,56908,56910,56912,56914],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,56904,56905],{"class":216},"backup_scores ",[73,56907,221],{"class":220},[73,56909,5624],{"class":216},[73,56911,653],{"class":83},[73,56913,13422],{"class":245},[73,56915,9151],{"class":83},[73,56917,56918],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,56919,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,56921,56922,56924,56926,56928,56930,56933],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,56923,16899],{"class":216},[73,56925,653],{"class":83},[73,56927,14064],{"class":245},[73,56929,84],{"class":83},[73,56931,56932],{"class":116},"40",[73,56934,249],{"class":83},[73,56936,56937],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,56938,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,56940,56941,56943,56945,56947],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,56942,80],{"class":79},[73,56944,84],{"class":83},[73,56946,16899],{"class":245},[73,56948,249],{"class":83},[73,56950,56951,56953,56955,56958],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,56952,80],{"class":79},[73,56954,84],{"class":83},[73,56956,56957],{"class":245},"backup_scores",[73,56959,249],{"class":83},[20,56961,148],{},[64,56963,56965],{"className":66,"code":56964,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56966,56967,56987],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,56968,56969,56971,56973,56975,56977,56979,56981,56983,56985],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,56970,4410],{"class":83},[73,56972,452],{"class":116},[73,56974,140],{"class":83},[73,56976,8300],{"class":116},[73,56978,140],{"class":83},[73,56980,8305],{"class":116},[73,56982,140],{"class":83},[73,56984,51081],{"class":116},[73,56986,924],{"class":83},[73,56988,56989,56991,56993,56995,56997,56999,57001],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,56990,4410],{"class":83},[73,56992,452],{"class":116},[73,56994,140],{"class":83},[73,56996,8300],{"class":116},[73,56998,140],{"class":83},[73,57000,8305],{"class":116},[73,57002,924],{"class":83},[20,57004,57005,57006,653],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[646,57007,55759,57009,11248],{"href":57008},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,57010,52891],{},[59,57012,5031],{"id":5030},[20,57014,57015,57016,653],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,57017,55840],{},[403,57019,657,57021,57023],{"id":57020},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,57022,221],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,57025,39706],{},[64,57027,57029],{"className":66,"code":57028,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,57030,57031,57051,57059,57073,57077],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,57032,57033,57035,57037,57039,57041,57043,57045,57047,57049],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,57034,3086],{"class":216},[73,57036,221],{"class":220},[73,57038,891],{"class":83},[73,57040,2397],{"class":116},[73,57042,140],{"class":83},[73,57044,143],{"class":116},[73,57046,140],{"class":83},[73,57048,2982],{"class":116},[73,57050,924],{"class":83},[73,57052,57053,57055,57057],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,57054,3114],{"class":216},[73,57056,221],{"class":220},[73,57058,36682],{"class":216},[73,57060,57061,57063,57065,57067,57069,57071],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,57062,5274],{"class":216},[73,57064,653],{"class":83},[73,57066,14064],{"class":245},[73,57068,84],{"class":83},[73,57070,3036],{"class":116},[73,57072,249],{"class":83},[73,57074,57075],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,57076,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,57078,57079,57081,57083,57085,57087],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,57080,80],{"class":79},[73,57082,84],{"class":83},[73,57084,646],{"class":245},[73,57086,4177],{"class":83},[73,57088,55940],{"class":769},[20,57090,57091,57092,7140],{},"Fix: use ",[15,57093,13287],{},[64,57095,57097],{"className":66,"code":57096,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,57098,57099,57119,57134,57148,57152],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,57100,57101,57103,57105,57107,57109,57111,57113,57115,57117],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,57102,3086],{"class":216},[73,57104,221],{"class":220},[73,57106,891],{"class":83},[73,57108,2397],{"class":116},[73,57110,140],{"class":83},[73,57112,143],{"class":116},[73,57114,140],{"class":83},[73,57116,2982],{"class":116},[73,57118,924],{"class":83},[73,57120,57121,57123,57125,57128,57130,57132],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,57122,3114],{"class":216},[73,57124,221],{"class":220},[73,57126,57127],{"class":216}," a",[73,57129,653],{"class":83},[73,57131,13422],{"class":245},[73,57133,9151],{"class":83},[73,57135,57136,57138,57140,57142,57144,57146],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,57137,5274],{"class":216},[73,57139,653],{"class":83},[73,57141,14064],{"class":245},[73,57143,84],{"class":83},[73,57145,3036],{"class":116},[73,57147,249],{"class":83},[73,57149,57150],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,57151,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,57153,57154,57156,57158,57160,57162],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,57155,80],{"class":79},[73,57157,84],{"class":83},[73,57159,646],{"class":245},[73,57161,4177],{"class":83},[73,57163,55171],{"class":769},[403,57165,57167],{"id":57166},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[64,57169,57171],{"className":66,"code":57170,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,57172,57173,57193],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,57174,57175,57177,57179,57181,57183,57185,57187,57189,57191],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,57176,4134],{"class":216},[73,57178,221],{"class":220},[73,57180,891],{"class":83},[73,57182,2397],{"class":116},[73,57184,140],{"class":83},[73,57186,143],{"class":116},[73,57188,140],{"class":83},[73,57190,2982],{"class":116},[73,57192,924],{"class":83},[73,57194,57195,57197,57199,57201],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,57196,4164],{"class":216},[73,57198,653],{"class":83},[73,57200,13422],{"class":245},[73,57202,9151],{"class":83},[20,57204,57205],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,57207,39769],{},[64,57209,57211],{"className":66,"code":57210,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,57212,57213,57233],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,57214,57215,57217,57219,57221,57223,57225,57227,57229,57231],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,57216,4134],{"class":216},[73,57218,221],{"class":220},[73,57220,891],{"class":83},[73,57222,2397],{"class":116},[73,57224,140],{"class":83},[73,57226,143],{"class":116},[73,57228,140],{"class":83},[73,57230,2982],{"class":116},[73,57232,924],{"class":83},[73,57234,57235,57237,57239,57241,57243,57245],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,57236,56395],{"class":216},[73,57238,221],{"class":220},[73,57240,4775],{"class":216},[73,57242,653],{"class":83},[73,57244,13422],{"class":245},[73,57246,9151],{"class":83},[403,57248,57250],{"id":57249},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[64,57252,57254],{"className":66,"code":57253,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,57255,57256,57274,57288,57292,57310,57314],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,57257,57258,57260,57262,57264,57266,57268,57270,57272],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,57259,3086],{"class":216},[73,57261,221],{"class":220},[73,57263,56533],{"class":83},[73,57265,2397],{"class":116},[73,57267,18574],{"class":83},[73,57269,891],{"class":83},[73,57271,530],{"class":116},[73,57273,53481],{"class":83},[73,57275,57276,57278,57280,57282,57284,57286],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,57277,3114],{"class":216},[73,57279,221],{"class":220},[73,57281,57127],{"class":216},[73,57283,653],{"class":83},[73,57285,13422],{"class":245},[73,57287,9151],{"class":83},[73,57289,57290],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,57291,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,57293,57294,57296,57298,57300,57302,57304,57306,57308],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,57295,5274],{"class":216},[73,57297,4410],{"class":83},[73,57299,806],{"class":116},[73,57301,14061],{"class":83},[73,57303,14064],{"class":245},[73,57305,84],{"class":83},[73,57307,56586],{"class":116},[73,57309,249],{"class":83},[73,57311,57312],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,57313,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,57315,57316,57318,57320,57322,57324],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,57317,80],{"class":79},[73,57319,84],{"class":83},[73,57321,646],{"class":245},[73,57323,4177],{"class":83},[73,57325,57326],{"class":769},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,57328,57329,57330,57332],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,57331,55840],{}," is shallow.",[403,57334,26127,57336,57338],{"id":57335},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,57337,13287],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,57340,57341,57343],{},[15,57342,13287],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[64,57345,57347],{"className":66,"code":57346,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57348,57349,57361],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,57350,57351,57353,57355,57357,57359],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,57352,8387],{"class":216},[73,57354,221],{"class":220},[73,57356,224],{"class":93},[73,57358,5517],{"class":97},[73,57360,230],{"class":93},[73,57362,57363],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,57364,57365],{"class":769},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57367,57368],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[64,57370,57372],{"className":66,"code":57371,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57373,57374],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,57375,57376,57378,57380,57382,57384,57386],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,57377,80],{"class":79},[73,57379,84],{"class":83},[73,57381,288],{"class":87},[73,57383,84],{"class":83},[73,57385,8177],{"class":245},[73,57387,102],{"class":83},[20,57389,57390,57391,57395],{},"You can also review ",[646,57392,57394],{"href":57393},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[59,57397,2350],{"id":2349},[403,57399,2354,57401,57403],{"id":57400},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57402,55840],{}," change the original list?",[20,57405,57406],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[403,57408,5691,57410,1647,57412,3023],{"id":57409},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57411,55840],{},[15,57413,221],{},[20,57415,57416,57418,57419,57421],{},[15,57417,13287],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57420,221],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[403,57423,15412,57425,15415],{"id":57424},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57426,55840],{},[20,57428,57429],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[403,57431,57433],{"id":57432},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57435,42648,57436,57439],{},[15,57437,57438],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[403,57441,15412,57443,57445,57446,3023],{"id":57442},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57444,55840],{}," the same as ",[15,57447,56873],{},[20,57449,57450],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[59,57452,2413],{"id":2412},[33,57454,57455,57460,57464,57469,57475],{},[36,57456,57457],{},[646,57458,15474],{"href":57459},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[36,57461,57462],{},[646,57463,53010],{"href":51217},[36,57465,57466],{},[646,57467,57468],{"href":57393},"Creating a list in Python",[36,57470,57471],{},[646,57472,55759,57473,11248],{"href":57008},[15,57474,52891],{},[36,57476,57477],{},[646,57478,14302],{"href":14301},[2459,57480,57481],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":57483},[57484,57485,57487,57488,57490,57491,57492,57494,57502,57513],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":55950,"depth":105,"text":57486},"What list.copy() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":56221,"depth":105,"text":57489},"Why not use =",{"id":56499,"depth":105,"text":56500},{"id":17929,"depth":105,"text":17930},{"id":56850,"depth":105,"text":57493},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":5030,"depth":105,"text":5031,"children":57495},[57496,57498,57499,57500],{"id":57020,"depth":122,"text":57497},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57166,"depth":122,"text":57167},{"id":57249,"depth":122,"text":57250},{"id":57335,"depth":122,"text":57501},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":57503},[57504,57506,57508,57510,57511],{"id":57400,"depth":122,"text":57505},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57409,"depth":122,"text":57507},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57424,"depth":122,"text":57509},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57432,"depth":122,"text":57433},{"id":57442,"depth":122,"text":57512},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55828,"description":57514},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57521,"title":57522,"body":57523,"description":59265,"extension":2511,"meta":59266,"navigation":254,"path":59267,"seo":59268,"stem":59269,"__hash__":59270},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57524,"toc":59224},[57525,57531,57537,57540,57551,57554,57556,57619,57625,57630,57634,57648,57651,57656,57661,57663,57665,57684,57696,57698,57765,57767,57775,57780,57782,57790,57793,57810,57812,57936,57947,57951,57956,57959,57961,57979,57983,58069,58078,58086,58155,58157,58160,58172,58177,58181,58252,58255,58259,58263,58328,58330,58338,58342,58425,58427,58435,58439,58500,58502,58510,58514,58601,58603,58611,58616,58621,58624,58635,58637,58722,58727,58736,58738,58742,58746,58751,58813,58817,58825,58831,58840,58845,58894,58897,58918,58922,58984,58991,58996,58999,59086,59089,59100,59103,59123,59125,59131,59134,59138,59142,59148,59151,59157,59164,59172,59183,59185,59221],[10,57526,54581,57528,11831],{"id":57527},"python-list-count-method",[15,57529,57530],{},"count()",[20,57532,57533,57536],{},[15,57534,57535],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57538,57539],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[33,57541,57542,57545,57548],{},[36,57543,57544],{},"count one specific item",[36,57546,57547],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[36,57549,57550],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57552,57553],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[59,57555,4124],{"id":4123},[64,57557,57559],{"className":66,"code":57558,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57560,57561,57589,57607],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,57562,57563,57565,57567,57569,57571,57573,57575,57577,57579,57581,57583,57585,57587],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,57564,4134],{"class":216},[73,57566,221],{"class":220},[73,57568,891],{"class":83},[73,57570,2397],{"class":116},[73,57572,140],{"class":83},[73,57574,143],{"class":116},[73,57576,140],{"class":83},[73,57578,143],{"class":116},[73,57580,140],{"class":83},[73,57582,2982],{"class":116},[73,57584,140],{"class":83},[73,57586,143],{"class":116},[73,57588,924],{"class":83},[73,57590,57591,57593,57595,57597,57599,57601,57603,57605],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,57592,2766],{"class":216},[73,57594,221],{"class":220},[73,57596,4775],{"class":216},[73,57598,653],{"class":83},[73,57600,41761],{"class":245},[73,57602,84],{"class":83},[73,57604,530],{"class":116},[73,57606,249],{"class":83},[73,57608,57609,57611,57613,57615,57617],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,57610,80],{"class":79},[73,57612,84],{"class":83},[73,57614,2800],{"class":245},[73,57616,4177],{"class":83},[73,57618,51008],{"class":769},[20,57620,171,57621,57624],{},[15,57622,57623],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[59,57626,178,57628,181],{"id":57627},"what-listcount-does",[15,57629,57535],{},[20,57631,57632,1063],{},[15,57633,57535],{},[33,57635,57636,57639,57642,57645],{},[36,57637,57638],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[36,57640,57641],{},"returns an integer",[36,57643,57644],{},"does not change the original list",[36,57646,57647],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57649,57650],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57652,57653,57654,653],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57655,1304],{},[20,57657,57658,57659,653],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57660,806],{},[59,57662,370],{"id":369},[20,57664,2700],{},[64,57666,57668],{"className":66,"code":57667,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57669,57670],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,57671,57672,57674,57676,57678,57680,57682],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,57673,8848],{"class":216},[73,57675,653],{"class":83},[73,57677,41761],{"class":245},[73,57679,84],{"class":83},[73,57681,967],{"class":245},[73,57683,249],{"class":83},[33,57685,57686,57691],{},[36,57687,57688,57690],{},[15,57689,8848],{}," is the list you want to search",[36,57692,57693,57695],{},[15,57694,967],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57697,206],{},[64,57699,57701],{"className":66,"code":57700,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57702,57703,57743],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,57704,57705,57707,57709,57711,57713,57715,57717,57719,57721,57723,57725,57727,57729,57731,57733,57735,57737,57739,57741],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,57706,36597],{"class":216},[73,57708,221],{"class":220},[73,57710,891],{"class":83},[73,57712,94],{"class":93},[73,57714,646],{"class":97},[73,57716,94],{"class":93},[73,57718,140],{"class":83},[73,57720,224],{"class":93},[73,57722,5274],{"class":97},[73,57724,94],{"class":93},[73,57726,140],{"class":83},[73,57728,224],{"class":93},[73,57730,646],{"class":97},[73,57732,94],{"class":93},[73,57734,140],{"class":83},[73,57736,224],{"class":93},[73,57738,10245],{"class":97},[73,57740,94],{"class":93},[73,57742,924],{"class":83},[73,57744,57745,57747,57749,57751,57753,57755,57757,57759,57761,57763],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,57746,80],{"class":79},[73,57748,84],{"class":83},[73,57750,36650],{"class":245},[73,57752,653],{"class":83},[73,57754,41761],{"class":245},[73,57756,84],{"class":83},[73,57758,94],{"class":93},[73,57760,646],{"class":97},[73,57762,94],{"class":93},[73,57764,102],{"class":83},[20,57766,148],{},[64,57768,57769],{"className":66,"code":17567,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,57770,57771],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,57772,57773],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,57774,17567],{"class":116},[20,57776,57777,57778,653],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57779,806],{},[59,57781,38527],{"id":38526},[20,57783,57784,57785,57787,57788,653],{},"The return value from ",[15,57786,57530],{}," is always an ",[15,57789,88],{},[20,57791,57792],{},"Possible results:",[33,57794,57795,57800,57805],{},[36,57796,57797,57799],{},[15,57798,806],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[36,57801,57802,57804],{},[15,57803,2397],{}," if it appears once",[36,57806,57807,57809],{},[15,57808,530],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57811,206],{},[64,57813,57815],{"className":66,"code":57814,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57816,57817,57857,57861,57886,57911],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,57818,57819,57821,57823,57825,57827,57829,57831,57833,57835,57837,57839,57841,57843,57845,57847,57849,57851,57853,57855],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,57820,13586],{"class":216},[73,57822,221],{"class":220},[73,57824,891],{"class":83},[73,57826,94],{"class":93},[73,57828,13603],{"class":97},[73,57830,94],{"class":93},[73,57832,140],{"class":83},[73,57834,224],{"class":93},[73,57836,13620],{"class":97},[73,57838,94],{"class":93},[73,57840,140],{"class":83},[73,57842,224],{"class":93},[73,57844,17967],{"class":97},[73,57846,94],{"class":93},[73,57848,140],{"class":83},[73,57850,224],{"class":93},[73,57852,13620],{"class":97},[73,57854,94],{"class":93},[73,57856,924],{"class":83},[73,57858,57859],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,57860,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,57862,57863,57865,57867,57869,57871,57873,57875,57877,57879,57881,57883],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,57864,80],{"class":79},[73,57866,84],{"class":83},[73,57868,18014],{"class":245},[73,57870,653],{"class":83},[73,57872,41761],{"class":245},[73,57874,84],{"class":83},[73,57876,94],{"class":93},[73,57878,13620],{"class":97},[73,57880,94],{"class":93},[73,57882,5874],{"class":83},[73,57884,57885],{"class":769},"   # 2\n",[73,57887,57888,57890,57892,57894,57896,57898,57900,57902,57904,57906,57908],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,57889,80],{"class":79},[73,57891,84],{"class":83},[73,57893,18014],{"class":245},[73,57895,653],{"class":83},[73,57897,41761],{"class":245},[73,57899,84],{"class":83},[73,57901,94],{"class":93},[73,57903,13603],{"class":97},[73,57905,94],{"class":93},[73,57907,5874],{"class":83},[73,57909,57910],{"class":769},"    # 1\n",[73,57912,57913,57915,57917,57919,57921,57923,57925,57927,57929,57931,57933],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,57914,80],{"class":79},[73,57916,84],{"class":83},[73,57918,18014],{"class":245},[73,57920,653],{"class":83},[73,57922,41761],{"class":245},[73,57924,84],{"class":83},[73,57926,94],{"class":93},[73,57928,23033],{"class":97},[73,57930,94],{"class":93},[73,57932,5874],{"class":83},[73,57934,57935],{"class":769}," # 0\n",[20,57937,57938,57939,57941,57942,57944,57945,653],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57940,57530],{}," works, but using ",[15,57943,940],{}," is often simpler. See ",[646,57946,6709],{"href":6708},[59,57948,57950],{"id":57949},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57952,57953,57955],{},[15,57954,57535],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57957,57958],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57960,44142],{},[33,57962,57963,57966,57969,57976],{},[36,57964,57965],{},"matches are based on equality",[36,57967,57968],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[36,57970,57971,1647,57973,57975],{},[15,57972,2397],{},[15,57974,430],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[36,57977,57978],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[403,57980,57982],{"id":57981},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[64,57984,57986],{"className":66,"code":57985,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57987,57988,58021,58045],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,57989,57990,57992,57994,57996,57998,58000,58002,58004,58006,58009,58011,58013,58015,58017,58019],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,57991,4581],{"class":216},[73,57993,221],{"class":220},[73,57995,891],{"class":83},[73,57997,94],{"class":93},[73,57999,4590],{"class":97},[73,58001,94],{"class":93},[73,58003,140],{"class":83},[73,58005,224],{"class":93},[73,58007,58008],{"class":97},"Apple",[73,58010,94],{"class":93},[73,58012,140],{"class":83},[73,58014,224],{"class":93},[73,58016,4590],{"class":97},[73,58018,94],{"class":93},[73,58020,924],{"class":83},[73,58022,58023,58025,58027,58029,58031,58033,58035,58037,58039,58041,58043],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,58024,80],{"class":79},[73,58026,84],{"class":83},[73,58028,4625],{"class":245},[73,58030,653],{"class":83},[73,58032,41761],{"class":245},[73,58034,84],{"class":83},[73,58036,94],{"class":93},[73,58038,4590],{"class":97},[73,58040,94],{"class":93},[73,58042,5874],{"class":83},[73,58044,51653],{"class":769},[73,58046,58047,58049,58051,58053,58055,58057,58059,58061,58063,58065,58067],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,58048,80],{"class":79},[73,58050,84],{"class":83},[73,58052,4625],{"class":245},[73,58054,653],{"class":83},[73,58056,41761],{"class":245},[73,58058,84],{"class":83},[73,58060,94],{"class":93},[73,58062,58008],{"class":97},[73,58064,94],{"class":93},[73,58066,5874],{"class":83},[73,58068,28290],{"class":769},[20,58070,58071,1647,58074,58077],{},[15,58072,58073],{},"\"apple\"",[15,58075,58076],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[403,58079,58081,1647,58083,58085],{"id":58080},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,58082,2397],{},[15,58084,430],{}," can match",[64,58087,58089],{"className":66,"code":58088,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,58090,58091,58115,58135],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,58092,58093,58095,58097,58099,58101,58103,58105,58107,58109,58111,58113],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,58094,886],{"class":216},[73,58096,221],{"class":220},[73,58098,891],{"class":83},[73,58100,2397],{"class":116},[73,58102,140],{"class":83},[73,58104,4426],{"class":484},[73,58106,140],{"class":83},[73,58108,143],{"class":116},[73,58110,140],{"class":83},[73,58112,2085],{"class":116},[73,58114,924],{"class":83},[73,58116,58117,58119,58121,58123,58125,58127,58129,58131,58133],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,58118,80],{"class":79},[73,58120,84],{"class":83},[73,58122,5871],{"class":245},[73,58124,653],{"class":83},[73,58126,41761],{"class":245},[73,58128,84],{"class":83},[73,58130,2397],{"class":116},[73,58132,5874],{"class":83},[73,58134,51156],{"class":769},[73,58136,58137,58139,58141,58143,58145,58147,58149,58151,58153],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,58138,80],{"class":79},[73,58140,84],{"class":83},[73,58142,5871],{"class":245},[73,58144,653],{"class":83},[73,58146,41761],{"class":245},[73,58148,84],{"class":83},[73,58150,430],{"class":484},[73,58152,5874],{"class":83},[73,58154,51008],{"class":769},[20,58156,4922],{},[20,58158,58159],{},"In Python:",[33,58161,58162,58167],{},[36,58163,58164],{},[15,58165,58166],{},"True == 1",[36,58168,58169],{},[15,58170,58171],{},"False == 0",[20,58173,53892,58174,58176],{},[15,58175,57530],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[403,58178,58180],{"id":58179},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[64,58182,58184],{"className":66,"code":58183,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,58185,58186,58228],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,58187,58188,58190,58192,58194,58196,58198,58200,58202,58204,58206,58208,58210,58212,58214,58216,58218,58220,58222,58224,58226],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,58189,8289],{"class":216},[73,58191,221],{"class":220},[73,58193,56533],{"class":83},[73,58195,2397],{"class":116},[73,58197,140],{"class":83},[73,58199,143],{"class":116},[73,58201,18574],{"class":83},[73,58203,891],{"class":83},[73,58205,1304],{"class":116},[73,58207,140],{"class":83},[73,58209,2988],{"class":116},[73,58211,18574],{"class":83},[73,58213,891],{"class":83},[73,58215,2397],{"class":116},[73,58217,140],{"class":83},[73,58219,143],{"class":116},[73,58221,18574],{"class":83},[73,58223,891],{"class":83},[73,58225,2397],{"class":116},[73,58227,53481],{"class":83},[73,58229,58230,58232,58234,58236,58238,58240,58242,58244,58246,58248,58250],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,58231,80],{"class":79},[73,58233,84],{"class":83},[73,58235,8320],{"class":245},[73,58237,653],{"class":83},[73,58239,41761],{"class":245},[73,58241,3510],{"class":83},[73,58243,2397],{"class":116},[73,58245,140],{"class":83},[73,58247,143],{"class":116},[73,58249,5248],{"class":83},[73,58251,51653],{"class":769},[20,58253,58254],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[59,58256,58258],{"id":58257},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[403,58260,58262],{"id":58261},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[64,58264,58266],{"className":66,"code":58265,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58267,58268,58296,58314,58318],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,58269,58270,58272,58274,58276,58278,58280,58282,58284,58286,58288,58290,58292,58294],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,58271,4134],{"class":216},[73,58273,221],{"class":220},[73,58275,891],{"class":83},[73,58277,452],{"class":116},[73,58279,140],{"class":83},[73,58281,8300],{"class":116},[73,58283,140],{"class":83},[73,58285,6516],{"class":116},[73,58287,140],{"class":83},[73,58289,8305],{"class":116},[73,58291,140],{"class":83},[73,58293,6516],{"class":116},[73,58295,924],{"class":83},[73,58297,58298,58300,58302,58304,58306,58308,58310,58312],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,58299,2766],{"class":216},[73,58301,221],{"class":220},[73,58303,4775],{"class":216},[73,58305,653],{"class":83},[73,58307,41761],{"class":245},[73,58309,84],{"class":83},[73,58311,452],{"class":116},[73,58313,249],{"class":83},[73,58315,58316],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,58317,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,58319,58320,58322,58324,58326],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,58321,80],{"class":79},[73,58323,84],{"class":83},[73,58325,2800],{"class":245},[73,58327,249],{"class":83},[20,58329,148],{},[64,58331,58332],{"className":66,"code":163,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,58333,58334],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,58335,58336],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,58337,163],{"class":116},[403,58339,58341],{"id":58340},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[64,58343,58345],{"className":66,"code":58344,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58346,58347,58389,58411,58415],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,58348,58349,58351,58353,58355,58357,58359,58361,58363,58365,58368,58370,58372,58374,58376,58378,58380,58382,58385,58387],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,58350,4581],{"class":216},[73,58352,221],{"class":220},[73,58354,891],{"class":83},[73,58356,94],{"class":93},[73,58358,37554],{"class":97},[73,58360,94],{"class":93},[73,58362,140],{"class":83},[73,58364,224],{"class":93},[73,58366,58367],{"class":97},"dog",[73,58369,94],{"class":93},[73,58371,140],{"class":83},[73,58373,224],{"class":93},[73,58375,37554],{"class":97},[73,58377,94],{"class":93},[73,58379,140],{"class":83},[73,58381,224],{"class":93},[73,58383,58384],{"class":97},"bird",[73,58386,94],{"class":93},[73,58388,924],{"class":83},[73,58390,58391,58393,58395,58397,58399,58401,58403,58405,58407,58409],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,58392,2766],{"class":216},[73,58394,221],{"class":220},[73,58396,6679],{"class":216},[73,58398,653],{"class":83},[73,58400,41761],{"class":245},[73,58402,84],{"class":83},[73,58404,94],{"class":93},[73,58406,37554],{"class":97},[73,58408,94],{"class":93},[73,58410,249],{"class":83},[73,58412,58413],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,58414,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,58416,58417,58419,58421,58423],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,58418,80],{"class":79},[73,58420,84],{"class":83},[73,58422,2800],{"class":245},[73,58424,249],{"class":83},[20,58426,148],{},[64,58428,58429],{"className":66,"code":17567,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,58430,58431],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,58432,58433],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,58434,17567],{"class":116},[403,58436,58438],{"id":58437},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[64,58440,58442],{"className":66,"code":58441,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58443,58444,58468,58486,58490],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,58445,58446,58448,58450,58452,58454,58456,58458,58460,58462,58464,58466],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,58447,4134],{"class":216},[73,58449,221],{"class":220},[73,58451,891],{"class":83},[73,58453,2397],{"class":116},[73,58455,140],{"class":83},[73,58457,143],{"class":116},[73,58459,140],{"class":83},[73,58461,2982],{"class":116},[73,58463,140],{"class":83},[73,58465,2988],{"class":116},[73,58467,924],{"class":83},[73,58469,58470,58472,58474,58476,58478,58480,58482,58484],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,58471,2766],{"class":216},[73,58473,221],{"class":220},[73,58475,4775],{"class":216},[73,58477,653],{"class":83},[73,58479,41761],{"class":245},[73,58481,84],{"class":83},[73,58483,688],{"class":116},[73,58485,249],{"class":83},[73,58487,58488],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,58489,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,58491,58492,58494,58496,58498],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,58493,80],{"class":79},[73,58495,84],{"class":83},[73,58497,2800],{"class":245},[73,58499,249],{"class":83},[20,58501,148],{},[64,58503,58504],{"className":66,"code":860,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,58505,58506],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,58507,58508],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,58509,860],{"class":116},[403,58511,58513],{"id":58512},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[64,58515,58517],{"className":66,"code":58516,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58518,58519,58565,58587,58591],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,58520,58521,58523,58525,58527,58529,58531,58533,58535,58537,58539,58541,58543,58545,58547,58549,58551,58553,58555,58557,58559,58561,58563],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,58522,9672],{"class":216},[73,58524,221],{"class":220},[73,58526,56533],{"class":83},[73,58528,2397],{"class":116},[73,58530,140],{"class":83},[73,58532,143],{"class":116},[73,58534,18574],{"class":83},[73,58536,891],{"class":83},[73,58538,2397],{"class":116},[73,58540,140],{"class":83},[73,58542,143],{"class":116},[73,58544,18574],{"class":83},[73,58546,891],{"class":83},[73,58548,530],{"class":116},[73,58550,140],{"class":83},[73,58552,2982],{"class":116},[73,58554,18574],{"class":83},[73,58556,891],{"class":83},[73,58558,2397],{"class":116},[73,58560,140],{"class":83},[73,58562,143],{"class":116},[73,58564,53481],{"class":83},[73,58566,58567,58569,58571,58573,58575,58577,58579,58581,58583,58585],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,58568,2766],{"class":216},[73,58570,221],{"class":220},[73,58572,15076],{"class":216},[73,58574,653],{"class":83},[73,58576,41761],{"class":245},[73,58578,3510],{"class":83},[73,58580,2397],{"class":116},[73,58582,140],{"class":83},[73,58584,143],{"class":116},[73,58586,4398],{"class":83},[73,58588,58589],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,58590,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,58592,58593,58595,58597,58599],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,58594,80],{"class":79},[73,58596,84],{"class":83},[73,58598,2800],{"class":245},[73,58600,249],{"class":83},[20,58602,148],{},[64,58604,58605],{"className":66,"code":163,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,58606,58607],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,58608,58609],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,58610,163],{"class":116},[59,58612,1999,58614],{"id":58613},"when-to-use-count",[15,58615,57530],{},[20,58617,171,58618,58620],{},[15,58619,57530],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58622,58623],{},"Good use cases:",[33,58625,58626,58629,58632],{},[36,58627,58628],{},"counting one specific item",[36,58630,58631],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[36,58633,58634],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58636,206],{},[64,58638,58640],{"className":66,"code":58639,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58641,58642,58683,58707,58711],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,58643,58644,58647,58649,58651,58653,58655,58657,58659,58661,58663,58665,58667,58669,58671,58673,58675,58677,58679,58681],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,58645,58646],{"class":216},"votes ",[73,58648,221],{"class":220},[73,58650,891],{"class":83},[73,58652,94],{"class":93},[73,58654,9166],{"class":97},[73,58656,94],{"class":93},[73,58658,140],{"class":83},[73,58660,224],{"class":93},[73,58662,9106],{"class":97},[73,58664,94],{"class":93},[73,58666,140],{"class":83},[73,58668,224],{"class":93},[73,58670,9166],{"class":97},[73,58672,94],{"class":93},[73,58674,140],{"class":83},[73,58676,224],{"class":93},[73,58678,9166],{"class":97},[73,58680,94],{"class":93},[73,58682,924],{"class":83},[73,58684,58685,58688,58690,58693,58695,58697,58699,58701,58703,58705],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,58686,58687],{"class":216},"yes_votes ",[73,58689,221],{"class":220},[73,58691,58692],{"class":216}," votes",[73,58694,653],{"class":83},[73,58696,41761],{"class":245},[73,58698,84],{"class":83},[73,58700,94],{"class":93},[73,58702,9166],{"class":97},[73,58704,94],{"class":93},[73,58706,249],{"class":83},[73,58708,58709],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,58710,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,58712,58713,58715,58717,58720],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,58714,80],{"class":79},[73,58716,84],{"class":83},[73,58718,58719],{"class":245},"yes_votes",[73,58721,249],{"class":83},[20,58723,58724,58726],{},[15,58725,57530],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58728,58729,58730,1647,58732,653],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[646,58731,53010],{"href":51217},[646,58733,58735],{"href":58734},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[59,58737,2102],{"id":2101},[20,58739,8956,58740,653],{},[15,58741,57535],{},[403,58743,58745],{"id":58744},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58747,58748,58750],{},[15,58749,57535],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[64,58752,58754],{"className":66,"code":58753,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58755,58756,58789],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,58757,58758,58760,58762,58764,58766,58769,58771,58773,58775,58777,58779,58781,58783,58785,58787],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,58759,4581],{"class":216},[73,58761,221],{"class":220},[73,58763,891],{"class":83},[73,58765,94],{"class":93},[73,58767,58768],{"class":97},"apple pie",[73,58770,94],{"class":93},[73,58772,140],{"class":83},[73,58774,224],{"class":93},[73,58776,4599],{"class":97},[73,58778,94],{"class":93},[73,58780,140],{"class":83},[73,58782,224],{"class":93},[73,58784,58768],{"class":97},[73,58786,94],{"class":93},[73,58788,924],{"class":83},[73,58790,58791,58793,58795,58797,58799,58801,58803,58805,58807,58809,58811],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,58792,80],{"class":79},[73,58794,84],{"class":83},[73,58796,4625],{"class":245},[73,58798,653],{"class":83},[73,58800,41761],{"class":245},[73,58802,84],{"class":83},[73,58804,94],{"class":93},[73,58806,4590],{"class":97},[73,58808,94],{"class":93},[73,58810,5874],{"class":83},[73,58812,51485],{"class":769},[20,58814,3019,58815,3023],{},[15,58816,806],{},[20,58818,2374,58819,58821,58822,653],{},[15,58820,58073],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58823,58824],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58826,58827,58828,653],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58829,58830],{},"str.count()",[403,58832,2300,58834,8964,58836,3408,58838],{"id":58833},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58835,57530],{},[15,58837,430],{},[15,58839,1367],{},[20,58841,58842,58844],{},[15,58843,57530],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[64,58846,58848],{"className":66,"code":58847,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58849,58850,58874],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,58851,58852,58854,58856,58858,58860,58862,58864,58866,58868,58870,58872],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,58853,4134],{"class":216},[73,58855,221],{"class":220},[73,58857,891],{"class":83},[73,58859,2397],{"class":116},[73,58861,140],{"class":83},[73,58863,143],{"class":116},[73,58865,140],{"class":83},[73,58867,143],{"class":116},[73,58869,140],{"class":83},[73,58871,2982],{"class":116},[73,58873,924],{"class":83},[73,58875,58876,58878,58880,58882,58884,58886,58888,58890,58892],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,58877,80],{"class":79},[73,58879,84],{"class":83},[73,58881,4164],{"class":245},[73,58883,653],{"class":83},[73,58885,41761],{"class":245},[73,58887,84],{"class":83},[73,58889,530],{"class":116},[73,58891,5874],{"class":83},[73,58893,51653],{"class":769},[20,58895,58896],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[64,58898,58900],{"className":66,"code":58899,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58901,58902],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,58903,58904,58906,58908,58910,58912,58914,58916],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,58905,80],{"class":79},[73,58907,84],{"class":83},[73,58909,530],{"class":116},[73,58911,21686],{"class":933},[73,58913,4775],{"class":245},[73,58915,4177],{"class":83},[73,58917,4180],{"class":769},[403,58919,58921],{"id":58920},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[64,58923,58925],{"className":66,"code":58924,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58926,58927,58960],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,58928,58929,58931,58933,58935,58937,58939,58941,58943,58945,58947,58949,58951,58953,58956,58958],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,58930,5508],{"class":216},[73,58932,221],{"class":220},[73,58934,891],{"class":83},[73,58936,94],{"class":93},[73,58938,8186],{"class":97},[73,58940,94],{"class":93},[73,58942,140],{"class":83},[73,58944,224],{"class":93},[73,58946,20730],{"class":97},[73,58948,94],{"class":93},[73,58950,140],{"class":83},[73,58952,224],{"class":93},[73,58954,58955],{"class":97},"SAM",[73,58957,94],{"class":93},[73,58959,924],{"class":83},[73,58961,58962,58964,58966,58968,58970,58972,58974,58976,58978,58980,58982],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,58963,80],{"class":79},[73,58965,84],{"class":83},[73,58967,5552],{"class":245},[73,58969,653],{"class":83},[73,58971,41761],{"class":245},[73,58973,84],{"class":83},[73,58975,94],{"class":93},[73,58977,20730],{"class":97},[73,58979,94],{"class":93},[73,58981,5874],{"class":83},[73,58983,28290],{"class":769},[20,58985,58986,58987,58990],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58988,58989],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[403,58992,30159,58994,34055],{"id":58993},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58995,57530],{},[20,58997,58998],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[64,59000,59002],{"className":66,"code":59001,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,59003,59004,59014,59028,59046,59060,59072],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,59005,59006,59008,59010,59012],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,59007,80],{"class":79},[73,59009,84],{"class":83},[73,59011,8848],{"class":245},[73,59013,249],{"class":83},[73,59015,59016,59018,59020,59022,59024,59026],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,59017,80],{"class":79},[73,59019,84],{"class":83},[73,59021,288],{"class":87},[73,59023,84],{"class":83},[73,59025,8848],{"class":245},[73,59027,102],{"class":83},[73,59029,59030,59032,59034,59036,59038,59040,59042,59044],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,59031,80],{"class":79},[73,59033,84],{"class":83},[73,59035,8848],{"class":245},[73,59037,653],{"class":83},[73,59039,41761],{"class":245},[73,59041,84],{"class":83},[73,59043,967],{"class":245},[73,59045,102],{"class":83},[73,59047,59048,59050,59052,59054,59056,59058],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,59049,80],{"class":79},[73,59051,84],{"class":83},[73,59053,2202],{"class":245},[73,59055,940],{"class":933},[73,59057,8905],{"class":245},[73,59059,249],{"class":83},[73,59061,59062,59064,59066,59068,59070],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,59063,934],{"class":933},[73,59065,6472],{"class":216},[73,59067,940],{"class":933},[73,59069,8905],{"class":216},[73,59071,946],{"class":83},[73,59073,59074,59076,59078,59080,59082,59084],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,59075,1676],{"class":79},[73,59077,84],{"class":83},[73,59079,42279],{"class":79},[73,59081,84],{"class":83},[73,59083,23820],{"class":245},[73,59085,102],{"class":83},[20,59087,59088],{},"These checks can help you see:",[33,59090,59091,59094,59097],{},[36,59092,59093],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[36,59095,59096],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[36,59098,59099],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,59101,59102],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[33,59104,59105,59110,59113,59120],{},[36,59106,50729,59107,59109],{},[15,59108,57530],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[36,59111,59112],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[36,59114,11615,59115,59117,59118],{},[15,59116,57535],{}," with string ",[15,59119,57530],{},[36,59121,59122],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[59,59124,2350],{"id":2349},[403,59126,2354,59128,59130],{"id":59127},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,59129,57535],{}," change the list?",[20,59132,59133],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[403,59135,59137],{"id":59136},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,59139,12422,59140,653],{},[15,59141,806],{},[403,59143,5681,59145,59147],{"id":59144},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,59146,57535],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,59149,59150],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[403,59152,15412,59154,59156],{"id":59153},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,59155,57535],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,59158,42648,59159,1647,59161,59163],{},[15,59160,58076],{},[15,59162,58073],{}," are different values.",[403,59165,2367,59167,59169,59170,3023],{"id":59166},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,59168,430],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,59171,2397],{},[20,59173,9294,59174,59176,59177,1647,59179,59176,59181,653],{},[15,59175,430],{}," compares equal to ",[15,59178,2397],{},[15,59180,1367],{},[15,59182,806],{},[59,59184,2413],{"id":2412},[33,59186,59187,59191,59197,59201,59209,59216],{},[36,59188,59189],{},[646,59190,53010],{"href":51217},[36,59192,59193],{},[646,59194,59196],{"href":59195},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[36,59198,59199],{},[646,59200,7445],{"href":6708},[36,59202,59203],{},[646,59204,55759,59206,11248],{"href":59205},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,59207,59208],{},"index()",[36,59210,59211],{},[646,59212,13,59214],{"href":59213},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,59215,42855],{},[36,59217,59218],{},[646,59219,59220],{"href":58734},"What is a list in Python",[2459,59222,59223],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":59225},[59226,59227,59229,59230,59231,59237,59243,59245,59253,59264],{"id":4123,"depth":105,"text":4124},{"id":57627,"depth":105,"text":59228},"What list.count() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":38526,"depth":105,"text":38527},{"id":57949,"depth":105,"text":57950,"children":59232},[59233,59234,59236],{"id":57981,"depth":122,"text":57982},{"id":58080,"depth":122,"text":59235},"1 and True can match",{"id":58179,"depth":122,"text":58180},{"id":58257,"depth":105,"text":58258,"children":59238},[59239,59240,59241,59242],{"id":58261,"depth":122,"text":58262},{"id":58340,"depth":122,"text":58341},{"id":58437,"depth":122,"text":58438},{"id":58512,"depth":122,"text":58513},{"id":58613,"depth":105,"text":59244},"When to use count()",{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102,"children":59246},[59247,59248,59250,59251],{"id":58744,"depth":122,"text":58745},{"id":58833,"depth":122,"text":59249},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58920,"depth":122,"text":58921},{"id":58993,"depth":122,"text":59252},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":59254},[59255,59257,59258,59260,59262],{"id":59127,"depth":122,"text":59256},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":59136,"depth":122,"text":59137},{"id":59144,"depth":122,"text":59259},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":59153,"depth":122,"text":59261},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":59166,"depth":122,"text":59263},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57522,"description":59265},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59272,"title":59273,"body":59274,"description":61237,"extension":2511,"meta":61238,"navigation":254,"path":61239,"seo":61240,"stem":61241,"__hash__":61242},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59275,"toc":61200},[59276,59279,59282,59284,59412,59416,59497,59508,59510,59529,59533,59536,59539,59557,59559,59602,59606,59631,59640,59644,59649,59652,59769,59773,59842,59846,59858,59862,59865,59906,59910,59923,59926,60011,60015,60048,60055,60061,60066,60068,60080,60084,60117,60121,60153,60157,60194,60198,60218,60222,60256,60260,60289,60300,60304,60307,60310,60323,60380,60384,60423,60429,60432,60434,60437,60441,60444,60469,60471,60496,60503,60506,60551,60555,60574,60577,60616,60623,60628,60662,60666,60767,60774,60807,60811,60837,60841,60844,60882,60885,60922,60926,60929,60948,60952,61013,61015,61033,61037,61040,61043,61072,61074,61078,61081,61089,61093,61096,61116,61122,61128,61132,61135,61142,61150,61152,61191,61197],[10,59277,59273],{"id":59278},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,59280,59281],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[59,59283,4124],{"id":4123},[64,59285,59287],{"className":66,"code":59286,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59288,59289,59309,59341,59349,59367,59371,59381,59391,59402],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,59290,59291,59293,59295,59297,59299,59301,59303,59305,59307],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,59292,4134],{"class":216},[73,59294,221],{"class":220},[73,59296,891],{"class":83},[73,59298,2397],{"class":116},[73,59300,140],{"class":83},[73,59302,143],{"class":116},[73,59304,140],{"class":83},[73,59306,2982],{"class":116},[73,59308,924],{"class":83},[73,59310,59311,59313,59315,59317,59319,59321,59323,59325,59327,59329,59331,59333,59335,59337,59339],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,59312,5508],{"class":216},[73,59314,221],{"class":220},[73,59316,891],{"class":83},[73,59318,94],{"class":93},[73,59320,13391],{"class":97},[73,59322,94],{"class":93},[73,59324,140],{"class":83},[73,59326,224],{"class":93},[73,59328,36447],{"class":97},[73,59330,94],{"class":93},[73,59332,140],{"class":83},[73,59334,224],{"class":93},[73,59336,36456],{"class":97},[73,59338,94],{"class":93},[73,59340,924],{"class":83},[73,59342,59343,59345,59347],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,59344,56170],{"class":216},[73,59346,221],{"class":220},[73,59348,8349],{"class":83},[73,59350,59351,59353,59355,59357,59359,59361,59363,59365],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,59352,36597],{"class":216},[73,59354,221],{"class":220},[73,59356,23069],{"class":87},[73,59358,84],{"class":83},[73,59360,94],{"class":93},[73,59362,42061],{"class":97},[73,59364,94],{"class":93},[73,59366,249],{"class":83},[73,59368,59369],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,59370,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,59372,59373,59375,59377,59379],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,59374,80],{"class":79},[73,59376,84],{"class":83},[73,59378,4164],{"class":245},[73,59380,249],{"class":83},[73,59382,59383,59385,59387,59389],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,59384,80],{"class":79},[73,59386,84],{"class":83},[73,59388,5552],{"class":245},[73,59390,249],{"class":83},[73,59392,59393,59395,59397,59400],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,59394,80],{"class":79},[73,59396,84],{"class":83},[73,59398,59399],{"class":245},"empty_list",[73,59401,249],{"class":83},[73,59403,59404,59406,59408,59410],{"class":75,"line":6940},[73,59405,80],{"class":79},[73,59407,84],{"class":83},[73,59409,36650],{"class":245},[73,59411,249],{"class":83},[20,59413,59414],{},[1194,59415,148],{},[64,59417,59419],{"className":66,"code":59418,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59420,59421,59437,59465,59469],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,59422,59423,59425,59427,59429,59431,59433,59435],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,59424,4410],{"class":83},[73,59426,2397],{"class":116},[73,59428,140],{"class":83},[73,59430,143],{"class":116},[73,59432,140],{"class":83},[73,59434,2982],{"class":116},[73,59436,924],{"class":83},[73,59438,59439,59441,59443,59445,59447,59449,59451,59453,59455,59457,59459,59461,59463],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,59440,4410],{"class":83},[73,59442,343],{"class":93},[73,59444,13391],{"class":97},[73,59446,343],{"class":93},[73,59448,140],{"class":83},[73,59450,337],{"class":93},[73,59452,36447],{"class":97},[73,59454,343],{"class":93},[73,59456,140],{"class":83},[73,59458,337],{"class":93},[73,59460,36456],{"class":97},[73,59462,343],{"class":93},[73,59464,924],{"class":83},[73,59466,59467],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,59468,38804],{"class":83},[73,59470,59471,59473,59475,59477,59479,59481,59483,59485,59487,59489,59491,59493,59495],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,59472,4410],{"class":83},[73,59474,343],{"class":93},[73,59476,646],{"class":97},[73,59478,343],{"class":93},[73,59480,140],{"class":83},[73,59482,337],{"class":93},[73,59484,5274],{"class":97},[73,59486,343],{"class":93},[73,59488,140],{"class":83},[73,59490,337],{"class":93},[73,59492,10245],{"class":97},[73,59494,343],{"class":93},[73,59496,924],{"class":83},[20,59498,59499,59500,59502,59503,59505,59506,653],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59501,4300],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59504,25291],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59507,36705],{},[59,59509,15672],{"id":15671},[33,59511,59512,59515,59518,59521,59526],{},[36,59513,59514],{},"What a list is in Python",[36,59516,59517],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[36,59519,59520],{},"How to create an empty list",[36,59522,59523,59524,652],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59525,25291],{},[36,59527,59528],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[59,59530,59532],{"id":59531},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59534,59535],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59537,59538],{},"This means:",[33,59540,59541,59544,59547,59550],{},[36,59542,59543],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[36,59545,59546],{},"The order of items is kept",[36,59548,59549],{},"A list can hold different data types",[36,59551,59552,59553,59556],{},"A list is ",[1194,59554,59555],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59558,206],{},[64,59560,59562],{"className":66,"code":59561,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59563,59564,59588,59592],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,59565,59566,59568,59570,59572,59574,59576,59578,59580,59582,59584,59586],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,59567,8289],{"class":216},[73,59569,221],{"class":220},[73,59571,891],{"class":83},[73,59573,94],{"class":93},[73,59575,4590],{"class":97},[73,59577,94],{"class":93},[73,59579,140],{"class":83},[73,59581,6516],{"class":116},[73,59583,140],{"class":83},[73,59585,4426],{"class":484},[73,59587,924],{"class":83},[73,59589,59590],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,59591,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,59593,59594,59596,59598,59600],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,59595,80],{"class":79},[73,59597,84],{"class":83},[73,59599,8320],{"class":245},[73,59601,249],{"class":83},[20,59603,59604],{},[1194,59605,148],{},[64,59607,59609],{"className":66,"code":59608,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59610,59611],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,59612,59613,59615,59617,59619,59621,59623,59625,59627,59629],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,59614,4410],{"class":83},[73,59616,343],{"class":93},[73,59618,4590],{"class":97},[73,59620,343],{"class":93},[73,59622,140],{"class":83},[73,59624,6516],{"class":116},[73,59626,140],{"class":83},[73,59628,4426],{"class":484},[73,59630,924],{"class":83},[20,59632,59633,59634,3408,59637,653],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[646,59635,59636],{"href":51217},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[646,59638,59639],{"href":58734},"What is a List in Python?",[59,59641,59643],{"id":59642},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59645,59499,59646,59648],{},[15,59647,4300],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59650,59651],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[64,59653,59655],{"className":66,"code":59654,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59656,59657,59677,59709,59734,59738,59748,59758],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,59658,59659,59661,59663,59665,59667,59669,59671,59673,59675],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,59660,4134],{"class":216},[73,59662,221],{"class":220},[73,59664,891],{"class":83},[73,59666,2397],{"class":116},[73,59668,140],{"class":83},[73,59670,143],{"class":116},[73,59672,140],{"class":83},[73,59674,2982],{"class":116},[73,59676,924],{"class":83},[73,59678,59679,59681,59683,59685,59687,59689,59691,59693,59695,59697,59699,59701,59703,59705,59707],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,59680,5508],{"class":216},[73,59682,221],{"class":220},[73,59684,891],{"class":83},[73,59686,94],{"class":93},[73,59688,13391],{"class":97},[73,59690,94],{"class":93},[73,59692,140],{"class":83},[73,59694,224],{"class":93},[73,59696,36447],{"class":97},[73,59698,94],{"class":93},[73,59700,140],{"class":83},[73,59702,224],{"class":93},[73,59704,36456],{"class":97},[73,59706,94],{"class":93},[73,59708,924],{"class":83},[73,59710,59711,59714,59716,59718,59720,59722,59724,59726,59728,59730,59732],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,59712,59713],{"class":216},"mixed ",[73,59715,221],{"class":220},[73,59717,891],{"class":83},[73,59719,452],{"class":116},[73,59721,140],{"class":83},[73,59723,224],{"class":93},[73,59725,4357],{"class":97},[73,59727,94],{"class":93},[73,59729,140],{"class":83},[73,59731,4417],{"class":484},[73,59733,924],{"class":83},[73,59735,59736],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,59737,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,59739,59740,59742,59744,59746],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,59741,80],{"class":79},[73,59743,84],{"class":83},[73,59745,4164],{"class":245},[73,59747,249],{"class":83},[73,59749,59750,59752,59754,59756],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,59751,80],{"class":79},[73,59753,84],{"class":83},[73,59755,5552],{"class":245},[73,59757,249],{"class":83},[73,59759,59760,59762,59764,59767],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,59761,80],{"class":79},[73,59763,84],{"class":83},[73,59765,59766],{"class":245},"mixed",[73,59768,249],{"class":83},[20,59770,59771],{},[1194,59772,148],{},[64,59774,59776],{"className":66,"code":59775,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59777,59778,59794,59822],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,59779,59780,59782,59784,59786,59788,59790,59792],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,59781,4410],{"class":83},[73,59783,2397],{"class":116},[73,59785,140],{"class":83},[73,59787,143],{"class":116},[73,59789,140],{"class":83},[73,59791,2982],{"class":116},[73,59793,924],{"class":83},[73,59795,59796,59798,59800,59802,59804,59806,59808,59810,59812,59814,59816,59818,59820],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,59797,4410],{"class":83},[73,59799,343],{"class":93},[73,59801,13391],{"class":97},[73,59803,343],{"class":93},[73,59805,140],{"class":83},[73,59807,337],{"class":93},[73,59809,36447],{"class":97},[73,59811,343],{"class":93},[73,59813,140],{"class":83},[73,59815,337],{"class":93},[73,59817,36456],{"class":97},[73,59819,343],{"class":93},[73,59821,924],{"class":83},[73,59823,59824,59826,59828,59830,59832,59834,59836,59838,59840],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,59825,4410],{"class":83},[73,59827,452],{"class":116},[73,59829,140],{"class":83},[73,59831,337],{"class":93},[73,59833,4357],{"class":97},[73,59835,343],{"class":93},[73,59837,140],{"class":83},[73,59839,4417],{"class":484},[73,59841,924],{"class":83},[403,59843,59845],{"id":59844},"key-points","Key points",[33,59847,59848,59853,59855],{},[36,59849,171,59850,59852],{},[15,59851,4300],{}," to make a new list",[36,59854,15942],{},[36,59856,59857],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[59,59859,59861],{"id":59860},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59863,59864],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[64,59866,59868],{"className":66,"code":59867,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59869,59870,59878,59882,59892],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,59871,59872,59874,59876],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,59873,8817],{"class":216},[73,59875,221],{"class":220},[73,59877,8349],{"class":83},[73,59879,59880],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,59881,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,59883,59884,59886,59888,59890],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,59885,80],{"class":79},[73,59887,84],{"class":83},[73,59889,8848],{"class":245},[73,59891,249],{"class":83},[73,59893,59894,59896,59898,59900,59902,59904],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,59895,80],{"class":79},[73,59897,84],{"class":83},[73,59899,11670],{"class":79},[73,59901,84],{"class":83},[73,59903,8848],{"class":245},[73,59905,102],{"class":83},[20,59907,59908],{},[1194,59909,148],{},[64,59911,59913],{"className":66,"code":59912,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[]\n0\n",[15,59914,59915,59919],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,59916,59917],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,59918,38804],{"class":83},[73,59920,59921],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,59922,860],{"class":116},[20,59924,59925],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[64,59927,59929],{"className":66,"code":59928,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59930,59931,59939,59943,59961,59979,59997,60001],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,59932,59933,59935,59937],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,59934,5508],{"class":216},[73,59936,221],{"class":220},[73,59938,8349],{"class":83},[73,59940,59941],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,59942,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,59944,59945,59947,59949,59951,59953,59955,59957,59959],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,59946,5552],{"class":216},[73,59948,653],{"class":83},[73,59950,14064],{"class":245},[73,59952,84],{"class":83},[73,59954,94],{"class":93},[73,59956,13391],{"class":97},[73,59958,94],{"class":93},[73,59960,249],{"class":83},[73,59962,59963,59965,59967,59969,59971,59973,59975,59977],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,59964,5552],{"class":216},[73,59966,653],{"class":83},[73,59968,14064],{"class":245},[73,59970,84],{"class":83},[73,59972,94],{"class":93},[73,59974,36447],{"class":97},[73,59976,94],{"class":93},[73,59978,249],{"class":83},[73,59980,59981,59983,59985,59987,59989,59991,59993,59995],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,59982,5552],{"class":216},[73,59984,653],{"class":83},[73,59986,14064],{"class":245},[73,59988,84],{"class":83},[73,59990,94],{"class":93},[73,59992,36456],{"class":97},[73,59994,94],{"class":93},[73,59996,249],{"class":83},[73,59998,59999],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,60000,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,60002,60003,60005,60007,60009],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,60004,80],{"class":79},[73,60006,84],{"class":83},[73,60008,5552],{"class":245},[73,60010,249],{"class":83},[20,60012,60013],{},[1194,60014,148],{},[64,60016,60018],{"className":66,"code":60017,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,60019,60020],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,60021,60022,60024,60026,60028,60030,60032,60034,60036,60038,60040,60042,60044,60046],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,60023,4410],{"class":83},[73,60025,343],{"class":93},[73,60027,13391],{"class":97},[73,60029,343],{"class":93},[73,60031,140],{"class":83},[73,60033,337],{"class":93},[73,60035,36447],{"class":97},[73,60037,343],{"class":93},[73,60039,140],{"class":83},[73,60041,337],{"class":93},[73,60043,36456],{"class":97},[73,60045,343],{"class":93},[73,60047,924],{"class":83},[20,60049,60050,60051,653],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[646,60052,60053,11248],{"href":57008},[15,60054,52891],{},[59,60056,60058,60059],{"id":60057},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,60060,25291],{},[20,60062,171,60063,60065],{},[15,60064,25291],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,60067,5970],{},[33,60069,60070,60072,60074,60076],{},[36,60071,5821],{},[36,60073,5815],{},[36,60075,5818],{},[36,60077,60078],{},[15,60079,36705],{},[403,60081,60083],{"id":60082},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[64,60085,60087],{"className":66,"code":60086,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,60088,60089,60107],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,60090,60091,60093,60095,60097,60099,60101,60103,60105],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,60092,36597],{"class":216},[73,60094,221],{"class":220},[73,60096,23069],{"class":87},[73,60098,84],{"class":83},[73,60100,94],{"class":93},[73,60102,42061],{"class":97},[73,60104,94],{"class":93},[73,60106,249],{"class":83},[73,60108,60109,60111,60113,60115],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,60110,80],{"class":79},[73,60112,84],{"class":83},[73,60114,36650],{"class":245},[73,60116,249],{"class":83},[20,60118,60119],{},[1194,60120,148],{},[64,60122,60123],{"className":66,"code":43369,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,60124,60125],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,60126,60127,60129,60131,60133,60135,60137,60139,60141,60143,60145,60147,60149,60151],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,60128,4410],{"class":83},[73,60130,343],{"class":93},[73,60132,646],{"class":97},[73,60134,343],{"class":93},[73,60136,140],{"class":83},[73,60138,337],{"class":93},[73,60140,5274],{"class":97},[73,60142,343],{"class":93},[73,60144,140],{"class":83},[73,60146,337],{"class":93},[73,60148,10245],{"class":97},[73,60150,343],{"class":93},[73,60152,924],{"class":83},[403,60154,60156],{"id":60155},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[64,60158,60160],{"className":66,"code":60159,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,60161,60162,60184],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,60163,60164,60166,60168,60170,60172,60174,60176,60178,60180,60182],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,60165,4134],{"class":216},[73,60167,221],{"class":220},[73,60169,23069],{"class":87},[73,60171,6023],{"class":83},[73,60173,2397],{"class":116},[73,60175,140],{"class":83},[73,60177,143],{"class":116},[73,60179,140],{"class":83},[73,60181,2982],{"class":116},[73,60183,102],{"class":83},[73,60185,60186,60188,60190,60192],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,60187,80],{"class":79},[73,60189,84],{"class":83},[73,60191,4164],{"class":245},[73,60193,249],{"class":83},[20,60195,60196],{},[1194,60197,148],{},[64,60199,60200],{"className":66,"code":55389,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,60201,60202],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,60203,60204,60206,60208,60210,60212,60214,60216],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,60205,4410],{"class":83},[73,60207,2397],{"class":116},[73,60209,140],{"class":83},[73,60211,143],{"class":116},[73,60213,140],{"class":83},[73,60215,2982],{"class":116},[73,60217,924],{"class":83},[403,60219,60221],{"id":60220},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[64,60223,60225],{"className":66,"code":60224,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,60226,60227,60246],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,60228,60229,60231,60233,60235,60237,60240,60242,60244],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,60230,886],{"class":216},[73,60232,221],{"class":220},[73,60234,23069],{"class":87},[73,60236,84],{"class":83},[73,60238,60239],{"class":79},"range",[73,60241,84],{"class":83},[73,60243,688],{"class":116},[73,60245,102],{"class":83},[73,60247,60248,60250,60252,60254],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,60249,80],{"class":79},[73,60251,84],{"class":83},[73,60253,5871],{"class":245},[73,60255,249],{"class":83},[20,60257,60258],{},[1194,60259,148],{},[64,60261,60263],{"className":66,"code":60262,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60264,60265],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,60266,60267,60269,60271,60273,60275,60277,60279,60281,60283,60285,60287],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,60268,4410],{"class":83},[73,60270,806],{"class":116},[73,60272,140],{"class":83},[73,60274,2085],{"class":116},[73,60276,140],{"class":83},[73,60278,143],{"class":116},[73,60280,140],{"class":83},[73,60282,2982],{"class":116},[73,60284,140],{"class":83},[73,60286,2988],{"class":116},[73,60288,924],{"class":83},[20,60290,60291,60293,60294,653],{},[15,60292,25291],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[646,60295,60297,60299],{"href":60296},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,60298,25291],{},": Function Explained",[59,60301,60303],{"id":60302},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,60305,60306],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,60308,60309],{},"Examples include:",[33,60311,60312,60314,60316,60318,60320],{},[36,60313,5821],{},[36,60315,40930],{},[36,60317,52284],{},[36,60319,41100],{},[36,60321,60322],{},"other lists",[64,60324,60326],{"className":66,"code":60325,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,60327,60328,60366,60370],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,60329,60330,60332,60334,60336,60338,60340,60342,60344,60346,60348,60350,60352,60354,60356,60358,60360,60362,60364],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,60331,9672],{"class":216},[73,60333,221],{"class":220},[73,60335,891],{"class":83},[73,60337,94],{"class":93},[73,60339,13391],{"class":97},[73,60341,94],{"class":93},[73,60343,140],{"class":83},[73,60345,9811],{"class":116},[73,60347,140],{"class":83},[73,60349,4426],{"class":484},[73,60351,140],{"class":83},[73,60353,891],{"class":83},[73,60355,2397],{"class":116},[73,60357,140],{"class":83},[73,60359,143],{"class":116},[73,60361,140],{"class":83},[73,60363,2982],{"class":116},[73,60365,53481],{"class":83},[73,60367,60368],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,60369,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,60371,60372,60374,60376,60378],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,60373,80],{"class":79},[73,60375,84],{"class":83},[73,60377,9710],{"class":245},[73,60379,249],{"class":83},[20,60381,60382],{},[1194,60383,148],{},[64,60385,60387],{"className":66,"code":60386,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60388,60389],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,60390,60391,60393,60395,60397,60399,60401,60403,60405,60407,60409,60411,60413,60415,60417,60419,60421],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,60392,4410],{"class":83},[73,60394,343],{"class":93},[73,60396,13391],{"class":97},[73,60398,343],{"class":93},[73,60400,140],{"class":83},[73,60402,9811],{"class":116},[73,60404,140],{"class":83},[73,60406,4426],{"class":484},[73,60408,140],{"class":83},[73,60410,891],{"class":83},[73,60412,2397],{"class":116},[73,60414,140],{"class":83},[73,60416,143],{"class":116},[73,60418,140],{"class":83},[73,60420,2982],{"class":116},[73,60422,53481],{"class":83},[20,60424,60425,60426,653],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[1194,60427,60428],{},"nested list",[20,60430,60431],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[59,60433,5031],{"id":5030},[20,60435,60436],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[403,60438,60440],{"id":60439},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60442,60443],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[64,60445,60447],{"className":66,"code":60446,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60448,60449,60453],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,60450,60451],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,60452,5048],{"class":769},[73,60454,60455,60457,60459,60461,60463,60465,60467],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,60456,4134],{"class":216},[73,60458,221],{"class":220},[73,60460,891],{"class":83},[73,60462,2397],{"class":116},[73,60464,143],{"class":116},[73,60466,2982],{"class":116},[73,60468,924],{"class":83},[20,60470,11315],{},[64,60472,60474],{"className":66,"code":60473,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60475,60476],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,60477,60478,60480,60482,60484,60486,60488,60490,60492,60494],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,60479,4134],{"class":216},[73,60481,221],{"class":220},[73,60483,891],{"class":83},[73,60485,2397],{"class":116},[73,60487,140],{"class":83},[73,60489,143],{"class":116},[73,60491,140],{"class":83},[73,60493,2982],{"class":116},[73,60495,924],{"class":83},[403,60497,657,60499,11600,60501],{"id":60498},"using-instead-of",[15,60500,1052],{},[15,60502,4300],{},[20,60504,60505],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[64,60507,60509],{"className":66,"code":60508,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60510,60511,60532,60536],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,60512,60513,60516,60518,60520,60522,60524,60526,60528,60530],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,60514,60515],{"class":216},"my_values ",[73,60517,221],{"class":220},[73,60519,9742],{"class":83},[73,60521,2397],{"class":116},[73,60523,140],{"class":83},[73,60525,143],{"class":116},[73,60527,140],{"class":83},[73,60529,2982],{"class":116},[73,60531,249],{"class":83},[73,60533,60534],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,60535,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,60537,60538,60540,60542,60544,60546,60549],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,60539,80],{"class":79},[73,60541,84],{"class":83},[73,60543,288],{"class":87},[73,60545,84],{"class":83},[73,60547,60548],{"class":245},"my_values",[73,60550,102],{"class":83},[20,60552,60553],{},[1194,60554,148],{},[64,60556,60558],{"className":66,"code":60557,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60559,60560],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,60561,60562,60564,60566,60568,60570,60572],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,60563,330],{"class":220},[73,60565,334],{"class":333},[73,60567,337],{"class":93},[73,60569,49190],{"class":97},[73,60571,343],{"class":93},[73,60573,346],{"class":220},[20,60575,60576],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[64,60578,60580],{"className":66,"code":60579,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60581,60582,60602],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,60583,60584,60586,60588,60590,60592,60594,60596,60598,60600],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,60585,60515],{"class":216},[73,60587,221],{"class":220},[73,60589,891],{"class":83},[73,60591,2397],{"class":116},[73,60593,140],{"class":83},[73,60595,143],{"class":116},[73,60597,140],{"class":83},[73,60599,2982],{"class":116},[73,60601,924],{"class":83},[73,60603,60604,60606,60608,60610,60612,60614],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,60605,80],{"class":79},[73,60607,84],{"class":83},[73,60609,288],{"class":87},[73,60611,84],{"class":83},[73,60613,60548],{"class":245},[73,60615,102],{"class":83},[403,60617,2300,60619,60622],{"id":60618},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60620,60621],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60624,60625,60627],{},[15,60626,25291],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[64,60629,60631],{"className":66,"code":60630,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60632,60633,60652],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,60634,60635,60637,60639,60641,60643,60645,60648,60650],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,60636,2766],{"class":216},[73,60638,221],{"class":220},[73,60640,23069],{"class":87},[73,60642,84],{"class":83},[73,60644,94],{"class":93},[73,60646,60647],{"class":97},"hello world",[73,60649,94],{"class":93},[73,60651,249],{"class":83},[73,60653,60654,60656,60658,60660],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,60655,80],{"class":79},[73,60657,84],{"class":83},[73,60659,2800],{"class":245},[73,60661,249],{"class":83},[20,60663,60664],{},[1194,60665,148],{},[64,60667,60669],{"className":66,"code":60668,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60670,60671],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,60672,60673,60675,60677,60680,60682,60684,60686,60689,60691,60693,60695,60698,60700,60702,60704,60706,60708,60710,60712,60715,60717,60719,60721,60723,60725,60727,60730,60732,60734,60736,60738,60740,60742,60744,60747,60749,60751,60753,60755,60757,60759,60761,60763,60765],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,60674,4410],{"class":83},[73,60676,343],{"class":93},[73,60678,60679],{"class":97},"h",[73,60681,343],{"class":93},[73,60683,140],{"class":83},[73,60685,337],{"class":93},[73,60687,60688],{"class":97},"e",[73,60690,343],{"class":93},[73,60692,140],{"class":83},[73,60694,337],{"class":93},[73,60696,60697],{"class":97},"l",[73,60699,343],{"class":93},[73,60701,140],{"class":83},[73,60703,337],{"class":93},[73,60705,60697],{"class":97},[73,60707,343],{"class":93},[73,60709,140],{"class":83},[73,60711,337],{"class":93},[73,60713,60714],{"class":97},"o",[73,60716,343],{"class":93},[73,60718,140],{"class":83},[73,60720,337],{"class":93},[73,60722,337],{"class":93},[73,60724,140],{"class":83},[73,60726,337],{"class":93},[73,60728,60729],{"class":97},"w",[73,60731,343],{"class":93},[73,60733,140],{"class":83},[73,60735,337],{"class":93},[73,60737,60714],{"class":97},[73,60739,343],{"class":93},[73,60741,140],{"class":83},[73,60743,337],{"class":93},[73,60745,60746],{"class":97},"r",[73,60748,343],{"class":93},[73,60750,140],{"class":83},[73,60752,337],{"class":93},[73,60754,60697],{"class":97},[73,60756,343],{"class":93},[73,60758,140],{"class":83},[73,60760,337],{"class":93},[73,60762,19280],{"class":97},[73,60764,343],{"class":93},[73,60766,924],{"class":83},[20,60768,60769,60770,60773],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60771,60772],{},"split()"," instead:",[64,60775,60777],{"className":66,"code":60776,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60778,60779,60797],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,60780,60781,60783,60785,60787,60789,60791,60793,60795],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,60782,4581],{"class":216},[73,60784,221],{"class":220},[73,60786,224],{"class":93},[73,60788,60647],{"class":97},[73,60790,94],{"class":93},[73,60792,653],{"class":83},[73,60794,34976],{"class":245},[73,60796,9151],{"class":83},[73,60798,60799,60801,60803,60805],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,60800,80],{"class":79},[73,60802,84],{"class":83},[73,60804,4625],{"class":245},[73,60806,249],{"class":83},[20,60808,60809],{},[1194,60810,148],{},[64,60812,60814],{"className":66,"code":60813,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60815,60816],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,60817,60818,60820,60822,60824,60826,60828,60830,60833,60835],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,60819,4410],{"class":83},[73,60821,343],{"class":93},[73,60823,4357],{"class":97},[73,60825,343],{"class":93},[73,60827,140],{"class":83},[73,60829,337],{"class":93},[73,60831,60832],{"class":97},"world",[73,60834,343],{"class":93},[73,60836,924],{"class":83},[403,60838,60840],{"id":60839},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60842,60843],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[64,60845,60847],{"className":66,"code":60846,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60848,60849,60853],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,60850,60851],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,60852,5048],{"class":769},[73,60854,60855,60857,60859,60861,60863,60865,60867,60869,60871,60874,60876,60878,60880],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,60856,5508],{"class":216},[73,60858,221],{"class":220},[73,60860,891],{"class":83},[73,60862,94],{"class":93},[73,60864,13391],{"class":97},[73,60866,94],{"class":93},[73,60868,140],{"class":83},[73,60870,224],{"class":93},[73,60872,60873],{"class":97},"Ben', ",[73,60875,94],{"class":93},[73,60877,36456],{"class":216},[73,60879,94],{"class":93},[73,60881,924],{"class":97},[20,60883,60884],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[64,60886,60888],{"className":66,"code":60887,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60889,60890],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,60891,60892,60894,60896,60898,60900,60902,60904,60906,60908,60910,60912,60914,60916,60918,60920],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,60893,5508],{"class":216},[73,60895,221],{"class":220},[73,60897,891],{"class":83},[73,60899,94],{"class":93},[73,60901,13391],{"class":97},[73,60903,94],{"class":93},[73,60905,140],{"class":83},[73,60907,224],{"class":93},[73,60909,36447],{"class":97},[73,60911,94],{"class":93},[73,60913,140],{"class":83},[73,60915,224],{"class":93},[73,60917,36456],{"class":97},[73,60919,94],{"class":93},[73,60921,924],{"class":83},[403,60923,60925],{"id":60924},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60927,60928],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[33,60930,60931,60934,60937,60942],{},[36,60932,60933],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[36,60935,60936],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[36,60938,60939,60940],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60941,25291],{},[36,60943,2300,60944,60947],{},[15,60945,60946],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[403,60949,60951],{"id":60950},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[64,60953,60955],{"className":66,"code":60954,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60956,60957,60967,60981,60995],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,60958,60959,60961,60963,60965],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,60960,80],{"class":79},[73,60962,84],{"class":83},[73,60964,8848],{"class":245},[73,60966,249],{"class":83},[73,60968,60969,60971,60973,60975,60977,60979],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,60970,80],{"class":79},[73,60972,84],{"class":83},[73,60974,288],{"class":87},[73,60976,84],{"class":83},[73,60978,8848],{"class":245},[73,60980,102],{"class":83},[73,60982,60983,60985,60987,60989,60991,60993],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,60984,80],{"class":79},[73,60986,84],{"class":83},[73,60988,11670],{"class":79},[73,60990,84],{"class":83},[73,60992,8848],{"class":245},[73,60994,102],{"class":83},[73,60996,60997,60999,61001,61003,61005,61007,61009,61011],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,60998,80],{"class":79},[73,61000,84],{"class":83},[73,61002,8604],{"class":87},[73,61004,84],{"class":83},[73,61006,60239],{"class":79},[73,61008,84],{"class":83},[73,61010,688],{"class":116},[73,61012,1784],{"class":83},[20,61014,26518],{},[33,61016,61017,61020,61023,61026],{},[36,61018,61019],{},"what the list contains",[36,61021,61022],{},"whether the value is really a list",[36,61024,61025],{},"how many items it has",[36,61027,26529,61028,61030,61031],{},[15,61029,25291],{}," does with ",[15,61032,36705],{},[59,61034,61036],{"id":61035},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,61038,61039],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,61041,61042],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[33,61044,61045,61060,61065],{},[36,61046,171,61047,2728,61051,17583,61055,61059],{},[646,61048,61049],{"href":57008},[15,61050,52891],{},[646,61052,61053],{"href":53583},[15,61054,53685],{},[646,61056,61057],{"href":54147},[15,61058,54507],{}," to add items later",[36,61061,171,61062,61064],{},[646,61063,59636],{"href":51217}," for a broader introduction",[36,61066,171,61067,61071],{},[646,61068,61069,60299],{"href":60296},[15,61070,25291],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[59,61073,2350],{"id":2349},[403,61075,61077],{"id":61076},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,61079,61080],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[64,61082,61083],{"className":66,"code":38804,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,61084,61085],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,61086,61087],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,61088,38804],{"class":83},[403,61090,61092],{"id":61091},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,61094,61095],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[64,61097,61098],{"className":66,"code":55389,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,61099,61100],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,61101,61102,61104,61106,61108,61110,61112,61114],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,61103,4410],{"class":83},[73,61105,2397],{"class":116},[73,61107,140],{"class":83},[73,61109,143],{"class":116},[73,61111,140],{"class":83},[73,61113,2982],{"class":116},[73,61115,924],{"class":83},[403,61117,2387,61119,61121],{"id":61118},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,61120,25291],{}," do in Python?",[20,61123,61124,61125,61127],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,61126,36705],{},", into a list.",[403,61129,61131],{"id":61130},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,61133,61134],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[403,61136,5691,61138,1647,61140,3023],{"id":61137},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,61139,4300],{},[15,61141,1052],{},[20,61143,61144,61146,61147,61149],{},[15,61145,4300],{}," creates a list. ",[15,61148,1052],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[59,61151,2413],{"id":2412},[33,61153,61154,61158,61164,61170,61176,61182,61186],{},[36,61155,61156],{},[646,61157,59636],{"href":51217},[36,61159,61160],{},[646,61161,55759,61162,11831],{"href":57008},[15,61163,52891],{},[36,61165,61166],{},[646,61167,55759,61168,11831],{"href":53583},[15,61169,53685],{},[36,61171,61172],{},[646,61173,55759,61174,11831],{"href":54147},[15,61175,54507],{},[36,61177,61178],{},[646,61179,13,61180,18],{"href":60296},[15,61181,25291],{},[36,61183,61184],{},[646,61185,59639],{"href":58734},[36,61187,61188],{},[646,61189,61190],{"href":12576},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,61192,61193,61194,61196],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,61195,52891],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2459,61198,61199],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":61201},[61202,61203,61204,61205,61208,61209,61215,61216,61226,61227,61236],{"id":4123,"depth":105,"text":4124},{"id":15671,"depth":105,"text":15672},{"id":59531,"depth":105,"text":59532},{"id":59642,"depth":105,"text":59643,"children":61206},[61207],{"id":59844,"depth":122,"text":59845},{"id":59860,"depth":105,"text":59861},{"id":60057,"depth":105,"text":61210,"children":61211},"Create a list with list()",[61212,61213,61214],{"id":60082,"depth":122,"text":60083},{"id":60155,"depth":122,"text":60156},{"id":60220,"depth":122,"text":60221},{"id":60302,"depth":105,"text":60303},{"id":5030,"depth":105,"text":5031,"children":61217},[61218,61219,61221,61223,61224,61225],{"id":60439,"depth":122,"text":60440},{"id":60498,"depth":122,"text":61220},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60618,"depth":122,"text":61222},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60839,"depth":122,"text":60840},{"id":60924,"depth":122,"text":60925},{"id":60950,"depth":122,"text":60951},{"id":61035,"depth":105,"text":61036},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":61228},[61229,61230,61231,61233,61234],{"id":61076,"depth":122,"text":61077},{"id":61091,"depth":122,"text":61092},{"id":61118,"depth":122,"text":61232},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":61130,"depth":122,"text":61131},{"id":61137,"depth":122,"text":61235},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59273,"description":61237},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61244,"title":61245,"body":61246,"description":62987,"extension":2511,"meta":62988,"navigation":254,"path":62989,"seo":62990,"stem":62991,"__hash__":62992},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61247,"toc":62942},[61248,61253,61258,61261,61263,61334,61339,61344,61348,61362,61367,61369,61389,61394,61397,61420,61424,61429,61521,61523,61545,61551,61557,61564,61571,61577,61634,61640,61698,61700,61712,61720,61726,61731,61735,61792,61795,61799,61858,61861,61865,61923,61935,61939,61992,61995,61999,62005,62011,62073,62076,62137,62140,62196,62201,62203,62207,62214,62275,62280,62289,62345,62352,62356,62414,62423,62481,62485,62520,62524,62534,62537,62592,62606,62609,62724,62729,62733,62744,62746,62825,62835,62837,62842,62847,62854,62862,62868,62871,62877,62880,62886,62892,62894,62930,62939],[10,61249,54581,61251,11831],{"id":61250},"python-list-extend-method",[15,61252,53685],{},[20,61254,61255,61257],{},[15,61256,53586],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,61259,61260],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[59,61262,62],{"id":61},[64,61264,61266],{"className":66,"code":61265,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61267,61268,61284,61301,61305,61320,61330],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,61269,61270,61272,61274,61276,61278,61280,61282],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,61271,4134],{"class":216},[73,61273,221],{"class":220},[73,61275,891],{"class":83},[73,61277,2397],{"class":116},[73,61279,140],{"class":83},[73,61281,143],{"class":116},[73,61283,924],{"class":83},[73,61285,61286,61289,61291,61293,61295,61297,61299],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,61287,61288],{"class":216},"more_numbers ",[73,61290,221],{"class":220},[73,61292,891],{"class":83},[73,61294,1304],{"class":116},[73,61296,140],{"class":83},[73,61298,2988],{"class":116},[73,61300,924],{"class":83},[73,61302,61303],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,61304,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,61306,61307,61309,61311,61313,61315,61318],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,61308,4164],{"class":216},[73,61310,653],{"class":83},[73,61312,53715],{"class":245},[73,61314,84],{"class":83},[73,61316,61317],{"class":245},"more_numbers",[73,61319,249],{"class":83},[73,61321,61322,61324,61326,61328],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,61323,80],{"class":79},[73,61325,84],{"class":83},[73,61327,4164],{"class":245},[73,61329,249],{"class":83},[73,61331,61332],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,61333,52962],{"class":769},[20,61335,171,61336,61338],{},[15,61337,53685],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[59,61340,178,61342,181],{"id":61341},"what-listextend-does",[15,61343,53586],{},[20,61345,61346,1063],{},[15,61347,53685],{},[33,61349,61350,61353,61355,61358],{},[36,61351,61352],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[36,61354,54667],{},[36,61356,61357],{},"Does not create a new list",[36,61359,11933,61360],{},[15,61361,1842],{},[20,61363,61364,61365,54040],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,61366,53685],{},[59,61368,370],{"id":369},[64,61370,61372],{"className":66,"code":61371,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,61373,61374],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,61375,61376,61379,61381,61383,61385,61387],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,61377,61378],{"class":216},"list_name",[73,61380,653],{"class":83},[73,61382,53715],{"class":245},[73,61384,84],{"class":83},[73,61386,4235],{"class":245},[73,61388,249],{"class":83},[20,61390,5965,61391,61393],{},[1194,61392,4235],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,61395,61396],{},"Common iterables include:",[33,61398,61399,61403,61407,61411,61416],{},[36,61400,61401],{},[15,61402,8604],{},[36,61404,61405],{},[15,61406,49190],{},[36,61408,61409],{},[15,61410,6798],{},[36,61412,61413],{},[15,61414,61415],{},"string",[36,61417,61418],{},[15,61419,60239],{},[59,61421,61423],{"id":61422},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,61425,61426,61427,1063],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61428,53685],{},[64,61430,61432],{"className":66,"code":61431,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61433,61434,61458,61483,61487,61502,61506,61516],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,61435,61436,61438,61440,61442,61444,61446,61448,61450,61452,61454,61456],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,61437,36746],{"class":216},[73,61439,221],{"class":220},[73,61441,891],{"class":83},[73,61443,94],{"class":93},[73,61445,4590],{"class":97},[73,61447,94],{"class":93},[73,61449,140],{"class":83},[73,61451,224],{"class":93},[73,61453,4599],{"class":97},[73,61455,94],{"class":93},[73,61457,924],{"class":83},[73,61459,61460,61463,61465,61467,61469,61471,61473,61475,61477,61479,61481],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,61461,61462],{"class":216},"more_fruits ",[73,61464,221],{"class":220},[73,61466,891],{"class":83},[73,61468,94],{"class":93},[73,61470,33727],{"class":97},[73,61472,94],{"class":93},[73,61474,140],{"class":83},[73,61476,224],{"class":93},[73,61478,23042],{"class":97},[73,61480,94],{"class":93},[73,61482,924],{"class":83},[73,61484,61485],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,61486,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,61488,61489,61491,61493,61495,61497,61500],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,61490,36798],{"class":216},[73,61492,653],{"class":83},[73,61494,53715],{"class":245},[73,61496,84],{"class":83},[73,61498,61499],{"class":245},"more_fruits",[73,61501,249],{"class":83},[73,61503,61504],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,61505,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,61507,61508,61510,61512,61514],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,61509,80],{"class":79},[73,61511,84],{"class":83},[73,61513,36798],{"class":245},[73,61515,249],{"class":83},[73,61517,61518],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,61519,61520],{"class":769},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61522,12194],{},[33,61524,61525,61530,61535],{},[36,61526,61527,61529],{},[15,61528,36798],{}," starts with two items",[36,61531,61532,61534],{},[15,61533,61499],{}," has two more items",[36,61536,61537,61539,61540,61542,61543],{},[15,61538,53685],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61541,61499],{}," to ",[15,61544,36798],{},[20,61546,61547,61548,61550],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61549,36798],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61552,54806,61553,1647,61555,653],{},[646,61554,53010],{"href":51217},[646,61556,57394],{"href":57393},[59,61558,61560,11092,61562],{"id":61559},"extend-vs-append",[15,61561,53685],{},[15,61563,52891],{},[20,61565,61566,1647,61568,61570],{},[15,61567,53685],{},[15,61569,52891],{}," are often confused.",[403,61572,61574,61576],{"id":61573},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61575,53685],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[64,61578,61580],{"className":66,"code":61579,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61581,61582,61598,61616,61620,61630],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,61583,61584,61586,61588,61590,61592,61594,61596],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,61585,4134],{"class":216},[73,61587,221],{"class":220},[73,61589,891],{"class":83},[73,61591,2397],{"class":116},[73,61593,140],{"class":83},[73,61595,143],{"class":116},[73,61597,924],{"class":83},[73,61599,61600,61602,61604,61606,61608,61610,61612,61614],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,61601,4164],{"class":216},[73,61603,653],{"class":83},[73,61605,53715],{"class":245},[73,61607,3510],{"class":83},[73,61609,1304],{"class":116},[73,61611,140],{"class":83},[73,61613,2988],{"class":116},[73,61615,4398],{"class":83},[73,61617,61618],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,61619,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,61621,61622,61624,61626,61628],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,61623,80],{"class":79},[73,61625,84],{"class":83},[73,61627,4164],{"class":245},[73,61629,249],{"class":83},[73,61631,61632],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,61633,52962],{"class":769},[403,61635,61637,61639],{"id":61636},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61638,52891],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[64,61641,61643],{"className":66,"code":61642,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61644,61645,61661,61679,61683,61693],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,61646,61647,61649,61651,61653,61655,61657,61659],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,61648,4134],{"class":216},[73,61650,221],{"class":220},[73,61652,891],{"class":83},[73,61654,2397],{"class":116},[73,61656,140],{"class":83},[73,61658,143],{"class":116},[73,61660,924],{"class":83},[73,61662,61663,61665,61667,61669,61671,61673,61675,61677],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,61664,4164],{"class":216},[73,61666,653],{"class":83},[73,61668,14064],{"class":245},[73,61670,3510],{"class":83},[73,61672,1304],{"class":116},[73,61674,140],{"class":83},[73,61676,2988],{"class":116},[73,61678,4398],{"class":83},[73,61680,61681],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,61682,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,61684,61685,61687,61689,61691],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,61686,80],{"class":79},[73,61688,84],{"class":83},[73,61690,4164],{"class":245},[73,61692,249],{"class":83},[73,61694,61695],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,61696,61697],{"class":769},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61699,19207],{},[33,61701,61702,61707],{},[36,61703,61704,61706],{},[15,61705,53685],{}," to combine values",[36,61708,61709,61711],{},[15,61710,52891],{}," to add one item",[20,61713,42591,61714,1647,61718,653],{},[646,61715,55759,61716,11248],{"href":57008},[15,61717,52891],{},[646,61719,53288],{"href":53287},[59,61721,657,61723,61725],{"id":61722},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61724,53685],{}," with different iterables",[20,61727,61728,61730],{},[15,61729,53685],{}," works with more than just lists.",[403,61732,61734],{"id":61733},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[64,61736,61738],{"className":66,"code":61737,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61739,61740,61756,61774,61778,61788],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,61741,61742,61744,61746,61748,61750,61752,61754],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,61743,886],{"class":216},[73,61745,221],{"class":220},[73,61747,891],{"class":83},[73,61749,2397],{"class":116},[73,61751,140],{"class":83},[73,61753,143],{"class":116},[73,61755,924],{"class":83},[73,61757,61758,61760,61762,61764,61766,61768,61770,61772],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,61759,5871],{"class":216},[73,61761,653],{"class":83},[73,61763,53715],{"class":245},[73,61765,6023],{"class":83},[73,61767,1304],{"class":116},[73,61769,140],{"class":83},[73,61771,2988],{"class":116},[73,61773,102],{"class":83},[73,61775,61776],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,61777,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,61779,61780,61782,61784,61786],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,61781,80],{"class":79},[73,61783,84],{"class":83},[73,61785,5871],{"class":245},[73,61787,249],{"class":83},[73,61789,61790],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,61791,52962],{"class":769},[20,61793,61794],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[403,61796,61798],{"id":61797},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[64,61800,61802],{"className":66,"code":61801,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61803,61804,61820,61839,61843,61853],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,61805,61806,61808,61810,61812,61814,61816,61818],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,61807,36597],{"class":216},[73,61809,221],{"class":220},[73,61811,891],{"class":83},[73,61813,94],{"class":93},[73,61815,646],{"class":97},[73,61817,94],{"class":93},[73,61819,924],{"class":83},[73,61821,61822,61824,61826,61828,61830,61832,61835,61837],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,61823,36650],{"class":216},[73,61825,653],{"class":83},[73,61827,53715],{"class":245},[73,61829,84],{"class":83},[73,61831,94],{"class":93},[73,61833,61834],{"class":97},"bc",[73,61836,94],{"class":93},[73,61838,249],{"class":83},[73,61840,61841],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,61842,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,61844,61845,61847,61849,61851],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,61846,80],{"class":79},[73,61848,84],{"class":83},[73,61850,36650],{"class":245},[73,61852,249],{"class":83},[73,61854,61855],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,61856,61857],{"class":769},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61859,61860],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[403,61862,61864],{"id":61863},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[64,61866,61868],{"className":66,"code":61867,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61869,61870,61882,61904,61908,61918],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,61871,61872,61874,61876,61878,61880],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,61873,4134],{"class":216},[73,61875,221],{"class":220},[73,61877,891],{"class":83},[73,61879,806],{"class":116},[73,61881,924],{"class":83},[73,61883,61884,61886,61888,61890,61892,61894,61896,61898,61900,61902],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,61885,4164],{"class":216},[73,61887,653],{"class":83},[73,61889,53715],{"class":245},[73,61891,84],{"class":83},[73,61893,60239],{"class":79},[73,61895,84],{"class":83},[73,61897,2397],{"class":116},[73,61899,140],{"class":83},[73,61901,2988],{"class":116},[73,61903,102],{"class":83},[73,61905,61906],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,61907,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,61909,61910,61912,61914,61916],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,61911,80],{"class":79},[73,61913,84],{"class":83},[73,61915,4164],{"class":245},[73,61917,249],{"class":83},[73,61919,61920],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,61921,61922],{"class":769},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61924,61925,61928,61929,2728,61931,17583,61933,653],{},[15,61926,61927],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61930,2397],{},[15,61932,530],{},[15,61934,1304],{},[403,61936,61938],{"id":61937},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[64,61940,61942],{"className":66,"code":61941,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61943,61944,61960,61978,61982],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,61945,61946,61948,61950,61952,61954,61956,61958],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,61947,8289],{"class":216},[73,61949,221],{"class":220},[73,61951,891],{"class":83},[73,61953,2397],{"class":116},[73,61955,140],{"class":83},[73,61957,143],{"class":116},[73,61959,924],{"class":83},[73,61961,61962,61964,61966,61968,61970,61972,61974,61976],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,61963,8320],{"class":216},[73,61965,653],{"class":83},[73,61967,53715],{"class":245},[73,61969,6042],{"class":83},[73,61971,1304],{"class":116},[73,61973,140],{"class":83},[73,61975,2988],{"class":116},[73,61977,31002],{"class":83},[73,61979,61980],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,61981,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,61983,61984,61986,61988,61990],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,61985,80],{"class":79},[73,61987,84],{"class":83},[73,61989,8320],{"class":245},[73,61991,249],{"class":83},[20,61993,61994],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[59,61996,61998],{"id":61997},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,62000,62001,2928,62003,653],{},[15,62002,53685],{},[15,62004,1842],{},[20,62006,62007,62008,1063],{},"That means this is ",[1194,62009,62010],{},"wrong",[64,62012,62014],{"className":66,"code":62013,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,62015,62016,62032,62054,62058,62068],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,62017,62018,62020,62022,62024,62026,62028,62030],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,62019,4134],{"class":216},[73,62021,221],{"class":220},[73,62023,891],{"class":83},[73,62025,2397],{"class":116},[73,62027,140],{"class":83},[73,62029,143],{"class":116},[73,62031,924],{"class":83},[73,62033,62034,62036,62038,62040,62042,62044,62046,62048,62050,62052],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,62035,2766],{"class":216},[73,62037,221],{"class":220},[73,62039,4775],{"class":216},[73,62041,653],{"class":83},[73,62043,53715],{"class":245},[73,62045,3510],{"class":83},[73,62047,1304],{"class":116},[73,62049,140],{"class":83},[73,62051,2988],{"class":116},[73,62053,4398],{"class":83},[73,62055,62056],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,62057,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,62059,62060,62062,62064,62066],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,62061,80],{"class":79},[73,62063,84],{"class":83},[73,62065,2800],{"class":245},[73,62067,249],{"class":83},[73,62069,62070],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,62071,62072],{"class":769},"# None\n",[20,62074,62075],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[64,62077,62079],{"className":66,"code":62078,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62080,62081,62097,62119,62123,62133],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,62082,62083,62085,62087,62089,62091,62093,62095],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,62084,4134],{"class":216},[73,62086,221],{"class":220},[73,62088,891],{"class":83},[73,62090,2397],{"class":116},[73,62092,140],{"class":83},[73,62094,143],{"class":116},[73,62096,924],{"class":83},[73,62098,62099,62101,62103,62105,62107,62109,62111,62113,62115,62117],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,62100,4134],{"class":216},[73,62102,221],{"class":220},[73,62104,4775],{"class":216},[73,62106,653],{"class":83},[73,62108,53715],{"class":245},[73,62110,3510],{"class":83},[73,62112,1304],{"class":116},[73,62114,140],{"class":83},[73,62116,2988],{"class":116},[73,62118,4398],{"class":83},[73,62120,62121],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,62122,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,62124,62125,62127,62129,62131],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,62126,80],{"class":79},[73,62128,84],{"class":83},[73,62130,4164],{"class":245},[73,62132,249],{"class":83},[73,62134,62135],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,62136,62072],{"class":769},[20,62138,62139],{},"The correct way is:",[64,62141,62142],{"className":66,"code":61579,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,62143,62144,62160,62178,62182,62192],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,62145,62146,62148,62150,62152,62154,62156,62158],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,62147,4134],{"class":216},[73,62149,221],{"class":220},[73,62151,891],{"class":83},[73,62153,2397],{"class":116},[73,62155,140],{"class":83},[73,62157,143],{"class":116},[73,62159,924],{"class":83},[73,62161,62162,62164,62166,62168,62170,62172,62174,62176],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,62163,4164],{"class":216},[73,62165,653],{"class":83},[73,62167,53715],{"class":245},[73,62169,3510],{"class":83},[73,62171,1304],{"class":116},[73,62173,140],{"class":83},[73,62175,2988],{"class":116},[73,62177,4398],{"class":83},[73,62179,62180],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,62181,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,62183,62184,62186,62188,62190],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,62185,80],{"class":79},[73,62187,84],{"class":83},[73,62189,4164],{"class":245},[73,62191,249],{"class":83},[73,62193,62194],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,62195,52962],{"class":769},[20,62197,56148,62198,62200],{},[15,62199,53685],{}," first, then use the original list.",[59,62202,5031],{"id":5030},[20,62204,2105,62205,653],{},[15,62206,53685],{},[403,62208,62210,62211,62213],{"id":62209},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,62212,53685],{}," to return a new list",[64,62215,62217],{"className":66,"code":62216,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62218,62219,62235,62257,62261,62271],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,62220,62221,62223,62225,62227,62229,62231,62233],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,62222,4134],{"class":216},[73,62224,221],{"class":220},[73,62226,891],{"class":83},[73,62228,2397],{"class":116},[73,62230,140],{"class":83},[73,62232,143],{"class":116},[73,62234,924],{"class":83},[73,62236,62237,62239,62241,62243,62245,62247,62249,62251,62253,62255],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,62238,55881],{"class":216},[73,62240,221],{"class":220},[73,62242,4775],{"class":216},[73,62244,653],{"class":83},[73,62246,53715],{"class":245},[73,62248,3510],{"class":83},[73,62250,1304],{"class":116},[73,62252,140],{"class":83},[73,62254,2988],{"class":116},[73,62256,4398],{"class":83},[73,62258,62259],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,62260,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,62262,62263,62265,62267,62269],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,62264,80],{"class":79},[73,62266,84],{"class":83},[73,62268,55900],{"class":245},[73,62270,249],{"class":83},[73,62272,62273],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,62274,62072],{"class":769},[20,62276,62277,62278,653],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,62279,53685],{},[403,62281,62283,62284,45121,62286,62288],{"id":62282},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,62285,52891],{},[15,62287,53685],{}," is needed",[64,62290,62291],{"className":66,"code":61642,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,62292,62293,62309,62327,62331,62341],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,62294,62295,62297,62299,62301,62303,62305,62307],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,62296,4134],{"class":216},[73,62298,221],{"class":220},[73,62300,891],{"class":83},[73,62302,2397],{"class":116},[73,62304,140],{"class":83},[73,62306,143],{"class":116},[73,62308,924],{"class":83},[73,62310,62311,62313,62315,62317,62319,62321,62323,62325],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,62312,4164],{"class":216},[73,62314,653],{"class":83},[73,62316,14064],{"class":245},[73,62318,3510],{"class":83},[73,62320,1304],{"class":116},[73,62322,140],{"class":83},[73,62324,2988],{"class":116},[73,62326,4398],{"class":83},[73,62328,62329],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,62330,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,62332,62333,62335,62337,62339],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,62334,80],{"class":79},[73,62336,84],{"class":83},[73,62338,4164],{"class":245},[73,62340,249],{"class":83},[73,62342,62343],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,62344,61697],{"class":769},[20,62346,62347,62348,54130,62350,7140],{},"If you wanted ",[15,62349,54129],{},[15,62351,53685],{},[403,62353,62355],{"id":62354},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[64,62357,62359],{"className":66,"code":62358,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,62360,62361,62377,62395,62399,62409],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,62362,62363,62365,62367,62369,62371,62373,62375],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,62364,4581],{"class":216},[73,62366,221],{"class":220},[73,62368,891],{"class":83},[73,62370,94],{"class":93},[73,62372,4357],{"class":97},[73,62374,94],{"class":93},[73,62376,924],{"class":83},[73,62378,62379,62381,62383,62385,62387,62389,62391,62393],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,62380,4625],{"class":216},[73,62382,653],{"class":83},[73,62384,53715],{"class":245},[73,62386,84],{"class":83},[73,62388,94],{"class":93},[73,62390,60832],{"class":97},[73,62392,94],{"class":93},[73,62394,249],{"class":83},[73,62396,62397],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,62398,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,62400,62401,62403,62405,62407],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,62402,80],{"class":79},[73,62404,84],{"class":83},[73,62406,4625],{"class":245},[73,62408,249],{"class":83},[73,62410,62411],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,62412,62413],{"class":769},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,62415,62416,62417,62420,62421,1063],{},"If you want ",[15,62418,62419],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62422,52891],{},[64,62424,62426],{"className":66,"code":62425,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62427,62428,62444,62462,62466,62476],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,62429,62430,62432,62434,62436,62438,62440,62442],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,62431,4581],{"class":216},[73,62433,221],{"class":220},[73,62435,891],{"class":83},[73,62437,94],{"class":93},[73,62439,4357],{"class":97},[73,62441,94],{"class":93},[73,62443,924],{"class":83},[73,62445,62446,62448,62450,62452,62454,62456,62458,62460],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,62447,4625],{"class":216},[73,62449,653],{"class":83},[73,62451,14064],{"class":245},[73,62453,84],{"class":83},[73,62455,94],{"class":93},[73,62457,60832],{"class":97},[73,62459,94],{"class":93},[73,62461,249],{"class":83},[73,62463,62464],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,62465,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,62467,62468,62470,62472,62474],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,62469,80],{"class":79},[73,62471,84],{"class":83},[73,62473,4625],{"class":245},[73,62475,249],{"class":83},[73,62477,62478],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,62479,62480],{"class":769},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[403,62482,62484],{"id":62483},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[64,62486,62488],{"className":66,"code":62487,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62489,62490,62506],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,62491,62492,62494,62496,62498,62500,62502,62504],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,62493,4134],{"class":216},[73,62495,221],{"class":220},[73,62497,891],{"class":83},[73,62499,2397],{"class":116},[73,62501,140],{"class":83},[73,62503,143],{"class":116},[73,62505,924],{"class":83},[73,62507,62508,62510,62512,62514,62516,62518],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,62509,4164],{"class":216},[73,62511,653],{"class":83},[73,62513,53715],{"class":245},[73,62515,84],{"class":83},[73,62517,688],{"class":116},[73,62519,249],{"class":83},[20,62521,40161,62522,7060],{},[15,62523,688],{},[20,62525,62526,62527,62529,62530,62533],{},"You will get a ",[15,62528,1630],{},". See ",[646,62531,62532],{"href":52838},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62535,62536],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[64,62538,62540],{"className":66,"code":62539,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62541,62542,62552,62566,62578],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,62543,62544,62546,62548,62550],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,62545,80],{"class":79},[73,62547,84],{"class":83},[73,62549,8848],{"class":245},[73,62551,249],{"class":83},[73,62553,62554,62556,62558,62560,62562,62564],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,62555,80],{"class":79},[73,62557,84],{"class":83},[73,62559,288],{"class":87},[73,62561,84],{"class":83},[73,62563,5871],{"class":245},[73,62565,102],{"class":83},[73,62567,62568,62570,62572,62574,62576],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,62569,80],{"class":79},[73,62571,84],{"class":83},[73,62573,2800],{"class":245},[73,62575,4177],{"class":83},[73,62577,249],{"class":216},[73,62579,62580,62582,62584,62586,62588,62590],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,62581,32659],{"class":79},[73,62583,84],{"class":83},[73,62585,8604],{"class":87},[73,62587,653],{"class":83},[73,62589,53715],{"class":25260},[73,62591,249],{"class":83},[44072,62593,62594],{},[20,62595,62596,62597,62600,62601,62603,62604,653],{},"Note: ",[15,62598,62599],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62602,4177],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62605,33533],{},[20,62607,62608],{},"Correct debugging example:",[64,62610,62612],{"className":66,"code":62611,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62613,62614,62630,62646,62650,62664,62668,62676,62686,62700,62710],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,62615,62616,62618,62620,62622,62624,62626,62628],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,62617,8817],{"class":216},[73,62619,221],{"class":220},[73,62621,891],{"class":83},[73,62623,2397],{"class":116},[73,62625,140],{"class":83},[73,62627,143],{"class":116},[73,62629,924],{"class":83},[73,62631,62632,62634,62636,62638,62640,62642,62644],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,62633,886],{"class":216},[73,62635,221],{"class":220},[73,62637,891],{"class":83},[73,62639,1304],{"class":116},[73,62641,140],{"class":83},[73,62643,2988],{"class":116},[73,62645,924],{"class":83},[73,62647,62648],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,62649,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,62651,62652,62654,62656,62658,62660,62662],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,62653,8848],{"class":216},[73,62655,653],{"class":83},[73,62657,53715],{"class":245},[73,62659,84],{"class":83},[73,62661,5871],{"class":245},[73,62663,249],{"class":83},[73,62665,62666],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,62667,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,62669,62670,62672,62674],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,62671,2766],{"class":216},[73,62673,221],{"class":220},[73,62675,2207],{"class":484},[73,62677,62678,62680,62682,62684],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,62679,80],{"class":79},[73,62681,84],{"class":83},[73,62683,8848],{"class":245},[73,62685,249],{"class":83},[73,62687,62688,62690,62692,62694,62696,62698],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,62689,80],{"class":79},[73,62691,84],{"class":83},[73,62693,288],{"class":87},[73,62695,84],{"class":83},[73,62697,5871],{"class":245},[73,62699,102],{"class":83},[73,62701,62702,62704,62706,62708],{"class":75,"line":6940},[73,62703,80],{"class":79},[73,62705,84],{"class":83},[73,62707,2800],{"class":245},[73,62709,249],{"class":83},[73,62711,62712,62714,62716,62718,62720,62722],{"class":75,"line":6945},[73,62713,32659],{"class":79},[73,62715,84],{"class":83},[73,62717,8604],{"class":87},[73,62719,653],{"class":83},[73,62721,53715],{"class":25260},[73,62723,249],{"class":83},[59,62725,1999,62727],{"id":62726},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62728,53685],{},[20,62730,171,62731,6829],{},[15,62732,53685],{},[33,62734,62735,62738,62741],{},[36,62736,62737],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[36,62739,62740],{},"Add multiple values at once",[36,62742,62743],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62745,5985],{},[64,62747,62749],{"className":66,"code":62748,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62750,62751,62768,62786,62790,62806,62810,62820],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,62752,62753,62756,62758,62760,62762,62764,62766],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,62754,62755],{"class":216},"all_scores ",[73,62757,221],{"class":220},[73,62759,891],{"class":83},[73,62761,14013],{"class":116},[73,62763,140],{"class":83},[73,62765,14018],{"class":116},[73,62767,924],{"class":83},[73,62769,62770,62773,62775,62777,62779,62781,62784],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,62771,62772],{"class":216},"new_scores ",[73,62774,221],{"class":220},[73,62776,891],{"class":83},[73,62778,51743],{"class":116},[73,62780,140],{"class":83},[73,62782,62783],{"class":116}," 92",[73,62785,924],{"class":83},[73,62787,62788],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,62789,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,62791,62792,62795,62797,62799,62801,62804],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,62793,62794],{"class":216},"all_scores",[73,62796,653],{"class":83},[73,62798,53715],{"class":245},[73,62800,84],{"class":83},[73,62802,62803],{"class":245},"new_scores",[73,62805,249],{"class":83},[73,62807,62808],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,62809,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,62811,62812,62814,62816,62818],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,62813,80],{"class":79},[73,62815,84],{"class":83},[73,62817,62794],{"class":245},[73,62819,249],{"class":83},[73,62821,62822],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,62823,62824],{"class":769},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62826,62827,62828,62830,62831,653],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62829,52891],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[646,62832,55759,62833,11248],{"href":54147},[15,62834,54507],{},[59,62836,2350],{"id":2349},[403,62838,2354,62840,55708],{"id":62839},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62841,53586],{},[20,62843,62844,62845,653],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62846,1842],{},[403,62848,5691,62850,1647,62852,3023],{"id":62849},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62851,53685],{},[15,62853,52891],{},[20,62855,62856,62858,62859,62861],{},[15,62857,53685],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62860,52891],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[403,62863,28838,62865,62867],{"id":62864},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62866,53685],{}," with a string?",[20,62869,62870],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[403,62872,28838,62874,62876],{"id":62873},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62875,53685],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62878,62879],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[403,62881,62883,62884,3023],{"id":62882},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62885,53685],{},[20,62887,62888,62889,62891],{},"You get a ",[15,62890,1630],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[59,62893,2413],{"id":2412},[33,62895,62896,62902,62906,62910,62914,62920,62924],{},[36,62897,62898],{},[646,62899,55759,62900,11248],{"href":57008},[15,62901,52891],{},[36,62903,62904],{},[646,62905,54517],{"href":53287},[36,62907,62908],{},[646,62909,57468],{"href":57393},[36,62911,62912],{},[646,62913,53010],{"href":51217},[36,62915,62916],{},[646,62917,55759,62918,11248],{"href":54147},[15,62919,54507],{},[36,62921,62922],{},[646,62923,62532],{"href":52838},[36,62925,62926],{},[646,62927,55759,62928,11248],{"href":55199},[15,62929,13287],{},[20,62931,62932,62933,62935,62936,62938],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62934,52891],{},", when to use ",[15,62937,54507],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2459,62940,62941],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":62943},[62944,62945,62947,62948,62949,62956,62963,62964,62972,62974,62986],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":61341,"depth":105,"text":62946},"What list.extend() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":61422,"depth":105,"text":61423},{"id":61559,"depth":105,"text":62950,"children":62951},"extend() vs append()",[62952,62954],{"id":61573,"depth":122,"text":62953},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61636,"depth":122,"text":62955},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61722,"depth":105,"text":62957,"children":62958},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62959,62960,62961,62962],{"id":61733,"depth":122,"text":61734},{"id":61797,"depth":122,"text":61798},{"id":61863,"depth":122,"text":61864},{"id":61937,"depth":122,"text":61938},{"id":61997,"depth":105,"text":61998},{"id":5030,"depth":105,"text":5031,"children":62965},[62966,62968,62970,62971],{"id":62209,"depth":122,"text":62967},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62282,"depth":122,"text":62969},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62354,"depth":122,"text":62355},{"id":62483,"depth":122,"text":62484},{"id":62726,"depth":105,"text":62973},"When to use extend()",{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":62975},[62976,62978,62980,62982,62984],{"id":62839,"depth":122,"text":62977},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62849,"depth":122,"text":62979},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62864,"depth":122,"text":62981},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62873,"depth":122,"text":62983},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62882,"depth":122,"text":62985},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61245,"description":62987},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62994,"title":62995,"body":62996,"description":65087,"extension":2511,"meta":65088,"navigation":254,"path":65089,"seo":65090,"stem":65091,"__hash__":65092},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62997,"toc":65050},[62998,63001,63006,63012,63023,63029,63031,63100,63102,63151,63159,63163,63168,63171,63182,63187,63189,63191,63212,63225,63228,63241,63243,63248,63273,63275,63283,63286,63355,63357,63381,63387,63391,63395,63431,63433,63453,63460,63464,63497,63499,63533,63538,63542,63575,63577,63605,63613,63617,63654,63656,63677,63680,63684,63753,63755,63779,63785,63792,63796,63799,63801,63815,63818,63842,63844,63869,63872,63891,63893,63919,63928,63932,63939,64016,64018,64059,64065,64071,64162,64164,64220,64223,64228,64232,64237,64241,64300,64302,64327,64331,64394,64396,64421,64425,64488,64490,64533,64536,64540,64544,64566,64570,64652,64654,64689,64697,64699,64703,64707,64709,64736,64741,64743,64770,64777,64780,64803,64805,64854,64857,64860,64879,64883,64886,64937,64940,64946,64950,64955,64958,64960,64966,64975,64979,64985,64989,64992,64996,64999,65003,65009,65011,65047],[10,62999,62995],{"id":63000},"python-list-function-explained",[20,63002,9629,63003,63005],{},[15,63004,25291],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,63007,63008,63009,63011],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,63010,25291],{}," for two main reasons:",[33,63013,63014,63017],{},[36,63015,63016],{},"to make an empty list",[36,63018,63019,63020,63022],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63021,60239],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,63024,63025,63026,63028],{},"This page explains how ",[15,63027,25291],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[59,63030,62],{"id":61},[64,63032,63034],{"className":66,"code":63033,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63035,63036,63058,63076,63080,63090],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63037,63038,63040,63042,63044,63046,63048,63050,63052,63054,63056],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63039,4134],{"class":216},[73,63041,221],{"class":220},[73,63043,23069],{"class":87},[73,63045,6023],{"class":83},[73,63047,2397],{"class":116},[73,63049,140],{"class":83},[73,63051,143],{"class":116},[73,63053,140],{"class":83},[73,63055,2982],{"class":116},[73,63057,102],{"class":83},[73,63059,63060,63062,63064,63066,63068,63070,63072,63074],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,63061,36597],{"class":216},[73,63063,221],{"class":220},[73,63065,23069],{"class":87},[73,63067,84],{"class":83},[73,63069,94],{"class":93},[73,63071,42061],{"class":97},[73,63073,94],{"class":93},[73,63075,249],{"class":83},[73,63077,63078],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,63079,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,63081,63082,63084,63086,63088],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,63083,80],{"class":79},[73,63085,84],{"class":83},[73,63087,4164],{"class":245},[73,63089,249],{"class":83},[73,63091,63092,63094,63096,63098],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,63093,80],{"class":79},[73,63095,84],{"class":83},[73,63097,36650],{"class":245},[73,63099,249],{"class":83},[20,63101,148],{},[64,63103,63105],{"className":66,"code":63104,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,63106,63107,63123],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63108,63109,63111,63113,63115,63117,63119,63121],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63110,4410],{"class":83},[73,63112,2397],{"class":116},[73,63114,140],{"class":83},[73,63116,143],{"class":116},[73,63118,140],{"class":83},[73,63120,2982],{"class":116},[73,63122,924],{"class":83},[73,63124,63125,63127,63129,63131,63133,63135,63137,63139,63141,63143,63145,63147,63149],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,63126,4410],{"class":83},[73,63128,343],{"class":93},[73,63130,646],{"class":97},[73,63132,343],{"class":93},[73,63134,140],{"class":83},[73,63136,337],{"class":93},[73,63138,5274],{"class":97},[73,63140,343],{"class":93},[73,63142,140],{"class":83},[73,63144,337],{"class":93},[73,63146,10245],{"class":97},[73,63148,343],{"class":93},[73,63150,924],{"class":83},[20,63152,171,63153,63155,63156,63158],{},[15,63154,25291],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63157,60239],{},", set, or dictionary.",[59,63160,63162],{"id":63161},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,63164,63165,63167],{},[15,63166,25291],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,63169,63170],{},"It can:",[33,63172,63173,63176,63179],{},[36,63174,63175],{},"create a new list object",[36,63177,63178],{},"make an empty list",[36,63180,63181],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,63183,63184,63185,653],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[646,63186,53010],{"href":51217},[59,63188,370],{"id":369},[20,63190,26997],{},[64,63192,63194],{"className":66,"code":63193,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,63195,63196,63202],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63197,63198,63200],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63199,8604],{"class":87},[73,63201,9151],{"class":83},[73,63203,63204,63206,63208,63210],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,63205,8604],{"class":87},[73,63207,84],{"class":83},[73,63209,4235],{"class":245},[73,63211,249],{"class":83},[33,63213,63214,63219],{},[36,63215,63216,63218],{},[15,63217,25291],{}," makes an empty list",[36,63220,63221,63224],{},[15,63222,63223],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,63226,63227],{},"Common iterable values include:",[33,63229,63230,63232,63234,63236,63239],{},[36,63231,5821],{},[36,63233,5815],{},[36,63235,5818],{},[36,63237,63238],{},"ranges",[36,63240,7761],{},[59,63242,59861],{"id":59860},[20,63244,171,63245,63247],{},[15,63246,25291],{}," with no arguments:",[64,63249,63251],{"className":66,"code":63250,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,63252,63253,63263],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63254,63255,63257,63259,63261],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63256,8289],{"class":216},[73,63258,221],{"class":220},[73,63260,23069],{"class":87},[73,63262,9151],{"class":83},[73,63264,63265,63267,63269,63271],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,63266,80],{"class":79},[73,63268,84],{"class":83},[73,63270,8320],{"class":245},[73,63272,249],{"class":83},[20,63274,148],{},[64,63276,63277],{"className":66,"code":38804,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,63278,63279],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63280,63281],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63282,38804],{"class":83},[20,63284,63285],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[64,63287,63289],{"className":66,"code":63288,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,63290,63291,63301,63305,63323,63341,63345],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63292,63293,63295,63297,63299],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63294,8289],{"class":216},[73,63296,221],{"class":220},[73,63298,23069],{"class":87},[73,63300,9151],{"class":83},[73,63302,63303],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,63304,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,63306,63307,63309,63311,63313,63315,63317,63319,63321],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,63308,8320],{"class":216},[73,63310,653],{"class":83},[73,63312,14064],{"class":245},[73,63314,84],{"class":83},[73,63316,94],{"class":93},[73,63318,4590],{"class":97},[73,63320,94],{"class":93},[73,63322,249],{"class":83},[73,63324,63325,63327,63329,63331,63333,63335,63337,63339],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,63326,8320],{"class":216},[73,63328,653],{"class":83},[73,63330,14064],{"class":245},[73,63332,84],{"class":83},[73,63334,94],{"class":93},[73,63336,4599],{"class":97},[73,63338,94],{"class":93},[73,63340,249],{"class":83},[73,63342,63343],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,63344,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,63346,63347,63349,63351,63353],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,63348,80],{"class":79},[73,63350,84],{"class":83},[73,63352,8320],{"class":245},[73,63354,249],{"class":83},[20,63356,148],{},[64,63358,63359],{"className":66,"code":38930,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,63360,63361],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63362,63363,63365,63367,63369,63371,63373,63375,63377,63379],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63364,4410],{"class":83},[73,63366,343],{"class":93},[73,63368,4590],{"class":97},[73,63370,343],{"class":93},[73,63372,140],{"class":83},[73,63374,337],{"class":93},[73,63376,4599],{"class":97},[73,63378,343],{"class":93},[73,63380,924],{"class":83},[20,63382,63383,63384,63386],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63385,4300],{},". Both are valid.",[59,63388,63390],{"id":63389},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[403,63392,63394],{"id":63393},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[64,63396,63397],{"className":66,"code":60159,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,63398,63399,63421],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63400,63401,63403,63405,63407,63409,63411,63413,63415,63417,63419],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63402,4134],{"class":216},[73,63404,221],{"class":220},[73,63406,23069],{"class":87},[73,63408,6023],{"class":83},[73,63410,2397],{"class":116},[73,63412,140],{"class":83},[73,63414,143],{"class":116},[73,63416,140],{"class":83},[73,63418,2982],{"class":116},[73,63420,102],{"class":83},[73,63422,63423,63425,63427,63429],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,63424,80],{"class":79},[73,63426,84],{"class":83},[73,63428,4164],{"class":245},[73,63430,249],{"class":83},[20,63432,148],{},[64,63434,63435],{"className":66,"code":55389,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,63436,63437],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63438,63439,63441,63443,63445,63447,63449,63451],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63440,4410],{"class":83},[73,63442,2397],{"class":116},[73,63444,140],{"class":83},[73,63446,143],{"class":116},[73,63448,140],{"class":83},[73,63450,2982],{"class":116},[73,63452,924],{"class":83},[20,63454,63455,63456,653],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[646,63457,63459],{"href":63458},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[403,63461,63463],{"id":63462},"string-to-list","String to list",[64,63465,63467],{"className":66,"code":63466,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63468,63469,63487],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63470,63471,63473,63475,63477,63479,63481,63483,63485],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63472,36597],{"class":216},[73,63474,221],{"class":220},[73,63476,23069],{"class":87},[73,63478,84],{"class":83},[73,63480,94],{"class":93},[73,63482,37554],{"class":97},[73,63484,94],{"class":93},[73,63486,249],{"class":83},[73,63488,63489,63491,63493,63495],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,63490,80],{"class":79},[73,63492,84],{"class":83},[73,63494,36650],{"class":245},[73,63496,249],{"class":83},[20,63498,148],{},[64,63500,63502],{"className":66,"code":63501,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63503,63504],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63505,63506,63508,63510,63512,63514,63516,63518,63520,63522,63524,63526,63529,63531],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63507,4410],{"class":83},[73,63509,343],{"class":93},[73,63511,10245],{"class":97},[73,63513,343],{"class":93},[73,63515,140],{"class":83},[73,63517,337],{"class":93},[73,63519,646],{"class":97},[73,63521,343],{"class":93},[73,63523,140],{"class":83},[73,63525,337],{"class":93},[73,63527,63528],{"class":97},"t",[73,63530,343],{"class":93},[73,63532,924],{"class":83},[20,63534,63535,63537],{},[15,63536,25291],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[403,63539,63541],{"id":63540},"range-to-list","Range to list",[64,63543,63545],{"className":66,"code":63544,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63546,63547,63565],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63548,63549,63551,63553,63555,63557,63559,63561,63563],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63550,4134],{"class":216},[73,63552,221],{"class":220},[73,63554,23069],{"class":87},[73,63556,84],{"class":83},[73,63558,60239],{"class":79},[73,63560,84],{"class":83},[73,63562,688],{"class":116},[73,63564,102],{"class":83},[73,63566,63567,63569,63571,63573],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,63568,80],{"class":79},[73,63570,84],{"class":83},[73,63572,4164],{"class":245},[73,63574,249],{"class":83},[20,63576,148],{},[64,63578,63579],{"className":66,"code":60262,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,63580,63581],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63582,63583,63585,63587,63589,63591,63593,63595,63597,63599,63601,63603],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63584,4410],{"class":83},[73,63586,806],{"class":116},[73,63588,140],{"class":83},[73,63590,2085],{"class":116},[73,63592,140],{"class":83},[73,63594,143],{"class":116},[73,63596,140],{"class":83},[73,63598,2982],{"class":116},[73,63600,140],{"class":83},[73,63602,2988],{"class":116},[73,63604,924],{"class":83},[20,63606,63607,63608,63612],{},"This is common when working with ",[646,63609,63610],{"href":36702},[15,63611,36705],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[403,63614,63616],{"id":63615},"set-to-list","Set to list",[64,63618,63620],{"className":66,"code":63619,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63621,63622,63644],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63623,63624,63626,63628,63630,63632,63634,63636,63638,63640,63642],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63625,886],{"class":216},[73,63627,221],{"class":220},[73,63629,23069],{"class":87},[73,63631,6042],{"class":83},[73,63633,452],{"class":116},[73,63635,140],{"class":83},[73,63637,8300],{"class":116},[73,63639,140],{"class":83},[73,63641,8305],{"class":116},[73,63643,31002],{"class":83},[73,63645,63646,63648,63650,63652],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,63647,80],{"class":79},[73,63649,84],{"class":83},[73,63651,5871],{"class":245},[73,63653,249],{"class":83},[20,63655,17469],{},[64,63657,63659],{"className":66,"code":63658,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63660,63661],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63662,63663,63665,63667,63669,63671,63673,63675],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63664,4410],{"class":83},[73,63666,452],{"class":116},[73,63668,140],{"class":83},[73,63670,8300],{"class":116},[73,63672,140],{"class":83},[73,63674,8305],{"class":116},[73,63676,924],{"class":83},[20,63678,63679],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[403,63681,63683],{"id":63682},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[64,63685,63687],{"className":66,"code":63686,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63688,63689,63725,63739,63743],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63690,63691,63693,63695,63697,63699,63701,63703,63705,63707,63709,63711,63713,63715,63717,63719,63721,63723],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63692,13715],{"class":216},[73,63694,221],{"class":220},[73,63696,10997],{"class":83},[73,63698,94],{"class":93},[73,63700,8177],{"class":97},[73,63702,94],{"class":93},[73,63704,1063],{"class":83},[73,63706,224],{"class":93},[73,63708,13391],{"class":97},[73,63710,94],{"class":93},[73,63712,140],{"class":83},[73,63714,224],{"class":93},[73,63716,9804],{"class":97},[73,63718,94],{"class":93},[73,63720,1063],{"class":83},[73,63722,9811],{"class":116},[73,63724,9814],{"class":83},[73,63726,63727,63729,63731,63733,63735,63737],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,63728,2766],{"class":216},[73,63730,221],{"class":220},[73,63732,23069],{"class":87},[73,63734,84],{"class":83},[73,63736,17818],{"class":245},[73,63738,249],{"class":83},[73,63740,63741],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,63742,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,63744,63745,63747,63749,63751],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,63746,80],{"class":79},[73,63748,84],{"class":83},[73,63750,2800],{"class":245},[73,63752,249],{"class":83},[20,63754,148],{},[64,63756,63757],{"className":66,"code":25991,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,63758,63759],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63760,63761,63763,63765,63767,63769,63771,63773,63775,63777],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63762,4410],{"class":83},[73,63764,343],{"class":93},[73,63766,8177],{"class":97},[73,63768,343],{"class":93},[73,63770,140],{"class":83},[73,63772,337],{"class":93},[73,63774,9804],{"class":97},[73,63776,343],{"class":93},[73,63778,924],{"class":83},[20,63780,63781,63782,63784],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63783,25291],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63786,63787,63788,653],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[646,63789,63791],{"href":63790},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[59,63793,63795],{"id":63794},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63797,63798],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63800,61396],{},[33,63802,63803,63805,63807,63809,63811,63813],{},[36,63804,5812],{},[36,63806,5815],{},[36,63808,5821],{},[36,63810,5818],{},[36,63812,63238],{},[36,63814,7761],{},[20,63816,63817],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[64,63819,63821],{"className":66,"code":63820,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63822,63823],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63824,63825,63827,63829,63831,63833,63835,63838,63840],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63826,80],{"class":79},[73,63828,84],{"class":83},[73,63830,8604],{"class":87},[73,63832,84],{"class":83},[73,63834,94],{"class":93},[73,63836,63837],{"class":97},"hi",[73,63839,94],{"class":93},[73,63841,102],{"class":83},[20,63843,148],{},[64,63845,63847],{"className":66,"code":63846,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63848,63849],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63850,63851,63853,63855,63857,63859,63861,63863,63865,63867],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63852,4410],{"class":83},[73,63854,343],{"class":93},[73,63856,60679],{"class":97},[73,63858,343],{"class":93},[73,63860,140],{"class":83},[73,63862,337],{"class":93},[73,63864,36661],{"class":97},[73,63866,343],{"class":93},[73,63868,924],{"class":83},[20,63870,63871],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[64,63873,63875],{"className":66,"code":63874,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63876,63877],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63878,63879,63881,63883,63885,63887,63889],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63880,80],{"class":79},[73,63882,84],{"class":83},[73,63884,8604],{"class":87},[73,63886,84],{"class":83},[73,63888,688],{"class":116},[73,63890,102],{"class":83},[20,63892,148],{},[64,63894,63896],{"className":66,"code":63895,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63897,63898],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63899,63900,63902,63904,63906,63908,63910,63912,63914,63916],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63901,1630],{"class":87},[73,63903,1063],{"class":83},[73,63905,337],{"class":93},[73,63907,88],{"class":97},[73,63909,343],{"class":93},[73,63911,25127],{"class":87},[73,63913,8607],{"class":220},[73,63915,1910],{"class":220},[73,63917,63918],{"class":216}," iterable\n",[20,63920,63921,63922,63924,63925,653],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[646,63923,5650],{"href":6099},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[646,63926,63927],{"href":52838},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[59,63929,63931],{"id":63930},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63933,63934,63935,63938],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63936,63937],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[64,63940,63942],{"className":66,"code":63941,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63943,63944,63964,63978,63982,63992,64002],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,63945,63946,63948,63950,63952,63954,63956,63958,63960,63962],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,63947,12597],{"class":216},[73,63949,221],{"class":220},[73,63951,891],{"class":83},[73,63953,2397],{"class":116},[73,63955,140],{"class":83},[73,63957,143],{"class":116},[73,63959,140],{"class":83},[73,63961,2982],{"class":116},[73,63963,924],{"class":83},[73,63965,63966,63968,63970,63972,63974,63976],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,63967,14821],{"class":216},[73,63969,221],{"class":220},[73,63971,23069],{"class":87},[73,63973,84],{"class":83},[73,63975,12644],{"class":245},[73,63977,249],{"class":83},[73,63979,63980],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,63981,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,63983,63984,63986,63988,63990],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,63985,80],{"class":79},[73,63987,84],{"class":83},[73,63989,12644],{"class":245},[73,63991,249],{"class":83},[73,63993,63994,63996,63998,64000],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,63995,80],{"class":79},[73,63997,84],{"class":83},[73,63999,14840],{"class":245},[73,64001,249],{"class":83},[73,64003,64004,64006,64008,64010,64012,64014],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,64005,80],{"class":79},[73,64007,84],{"class":83},[73,64009,12597],{"class":245},[73,64011,12705],{"class":933},[73,64013,14894],{"class":245},[73,64015,249],{"class":83},[20,64017,148],{},[64,64019,64021],{"className":66,"code":64020,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,64022,64023,64039,64055],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,64024,64025,64027,64029,64031,64033,64035,64037],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,64026,4410],{"class":83},[73,64028,2397],{"class":116},[73,64030,140],{"class":83},[73,64032,143],{"class":116},[73,64034,140],{"class":83},[73,64036,2982],{"class":116},[73,64038,924],{"class":83},[73,64040,64041,64043,64045,64047,64049,64051,64053],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,64042,4410],{"class":83},[73,64044,2397],{"class":116},[73,64046,140],{"class":83},[73,64048,143],{"class":116},[73,64050,140],{"class":83},[73,64052,2982],{"class":116},[73,64054,924],{"class":83},[73,64056,64057],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,64058,4551],{"class":484},[20,64060,64061,64062,64064],{},"This means ",[15,64063,14840],{}," is a different list object.",[20,64066,64067,64068,64070],{},"However, this is only a ",[1194,64069,13361],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[64,64072,64074],{"className":66,"code":64073,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,64075,64076,64102,64116,64120,64138,64142,64152],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,64077,64078,64080,64082,64084,64086,64088,64090,64092,64094,64096,64098,64100],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,64079,12597],{"class":216},[73,64081,221],{"class":220},[73,64083,56533],{"class":83},[73,64085,2397],{"class":116},[73,64087,140],{"class":83},[73,64089,143],{"class":116},[73,64091,18574],{"class":83},[73,64093,891],{"class":83},[73,64095,1304],{"class":116},[73,64097,140],{"class":83},[73,64099,2988],{"class":116},[73,64101,53481],{"class":83},[73,64103,64104,64106,64108,64110,64112,64114],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,64105,14821],{"class":216},[73,64107,221],{"class":220},[73,64109,23069],{"class":87},[73,64111,84],{"class":83},[73,64113,12644],{"class":245},[73,64115,249],{"class":83},[73,64117,64118],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,64119,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,64121,64122,64124,64126,64128,64130,64132,64134,64136],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,64123,14840],{"class":216},[73,64125,4410],{"class":83},[73,64127,806],{"class":116},[73,64129,14061],{"class":83},[73,64131,14064],{"class":245},[73,64133,84],{"class":83},[73,64135,56586],{"class":116},[73,64137,249],{"class":83},[73,64139,64140],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,64141,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,64143,64144,64146,64148,64150],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,64145,80],{"class":79},[73,64147,84],{"class":83},[73,64149,12644],{"class":245},[73,64151,249],{"class":83},[73,64153,64154,64156,64158,64160],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,64155,80],{"class":79},[73,64157,84],{"class":83},[73,64159,14840],{"class":245},[73,64161,249],{"class":83},[20,64163,148],{},[64,64165,64166],{"className":66,"code":56617,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,64167,64168,64194],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,64169,64170,64172,64174,64176,64178,64180,64182,64184,64186,64188,64190,64192],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,64171,56624],{"class":83},[73,64173,2397],{"class":116},[73,64175,140],{"class":83},[73,64177,143],{"class":116},[73,64179,140],{"class":83},[73,64181,10703],{"class":116},[73,64183,18574],{"class":83},[73,64185,891],{"class":83},[73,64187,1304],{"class":116},[73,64189,140],{"class":83},[73,64191,2988],{"class":116},[73,64193,53481],{"class":83},[73,64195,64196,64198,64200,64202,64204,64206,64208,64210,64212,64214,64216,64218],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,64197,56624],{"class":83},[73,64199,2397],{"class":116},[73,64201,140],{"class":83},[73,64203,143],{"class":116},[73,64205,140],{"class":83},[73,64207,10703],{"class":116},[73,64209,18574],{"class":83},[73,64211,891],{"class":83},[73,64213,1304],{"class":116},[73,64215,140],{"class":83},[73,64217,2988],{"class":116},[73,64219,53481],{"class":83},[20,64221,64222],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,64224,64225,64226,653],{},"For more on this, see ",[646,64227,14302],{"href":14301},[59,64229,64231],{"id":64230},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,64233,64234,64235,653],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,64236,25291],{},[403,64238,64240],{"id":64239},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[64,64242,64244],{"className":66,"code":64243,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,64245,64246,64286],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,64247,64248,64250,64252,64254,64256,64258,64260,64262,64264,64266,64268,64270,64272,64274,64276,64278,64280,64282,64284],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,64249,13374],{"class":216},[73,64251,221],{"class":220},[73,64253,10997],{"class":83},[73,64255,94],{"class":93},[73,64257,8177],{"class":97},[73,64259,94],{"class":93},[73,64261,1063],{"class":83},[73,64263,224],{"class":93},[73,64265,8432],{"class":97},[73,64267,94],{"class":93},[73,64269,140],{"class":83},[73,64271,224],{"class":93},[73,64273,20403],{"class":97},[73,64275,94],{"class":93},[73,64277,1063],{"class":83},[73,64279,224],{"class":93},[73,64281,22756],{"class":97},[73,64283,94],{"class":93},[73,64285,9814],{"class":83},[73,64287,64288,64290,64292,64294,64296,64298],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,64289,80],{"class":79},[73,64291,84],{"class":83},[73,64293,8604],{"class":87},[73,64295,84],{"class":83},[73,64297,14137],{"class":245},[73,64299,102],{"class":83},[20,64301,148],{},[64,64303,64305],{"className":66,"code":64304,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,64306,64307],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,64308,64309,64311,64313,64315,64317,64319,64321,64323,64325],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,64310,4410],{"class":83},[73,64312,343],{"class":93},[73,64314,8177],{"class":97},[73,64316,343],{"class":93},[73,64318,140],{"class":83},[73,64320,337],{"class":93},[73,64322,20403],{"class":97},[73,64324,343],{"class":93},[73,64326,924],{"class":83},[403,64328,64330],{"id":64329},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[64,64332,64334],{"className":66,"code":64333,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,64335,64336,64376],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,64337,64338,64340,64342,64344,64346,64348,64350,64352,64354,64356,64358,64360,64362,64364,64366,64368,64370,64372,64374],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,64339,13374],{"class":216},[73,64341,221],{"class":220},[73,64343,10997],{"class":83},[73,64345,94],{"class":93},[73,64347,8177],{"class":97},[73,64349,94],{"class":93},[73,64351,1063],{"class":83},[73,64353,224],{"class":93},[73,64355,8432],{"class":97},[73,64357,94],{"class":93},[73,64359,140],{"class":83},[73,64361,224],{"class":93},[73,64363,20403],{"class":97},[73,64365,94],{"class":93},[73,64367,1063],{"class":83},[73,64369,224],{"class":93},[73,64371,22756],{"class":97},[73,64373,94],{"class":93},[73,64375,9814],{"class":83},[73,64377,64378,64380,64382,64384,64386,64388,64390,64392],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,64379,80],{"class":79},[73,64381,84],{"class":83},[73,64383,8604],{"class":87},[73,64385,84],{"class":83},[73,64387,14137],{"class":245},[73,64389,653],{"class":83},[73,64391,5871],{"class":245},[73,64393,6801],{"class":83},[20,64395,148],{},[64,64397,64399],{"className":66,"code":64398,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64400,64401],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,64402,64403,64405,64407,64409,64411,64413,64415,64417,64419],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,64404,4410],{"class":83},[73,64406,343],{"class":93},[73,64408,8432],{"class":97},[73,64410,343],{"class":93},[73,64412,140],{"class":83},[73,64414,337],{"class":93},[73,64416,22756],{"class":97},[73,64418,343],{"class":93},[73,64420,924],{"class":83},[403,64422,64424],{"id":64423},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[64,64426,64428],{"className":66,"code":64427,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64429,64430,64470],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,64431,64432,64434,64436,64438,64440,64442,64444,64446,64448,64450,64452,64454,64456,64458,64460,64462,64464,64466,64468],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,64433,13374],{"class":216},[73,64435,221],{"class":220},[73,64437,10997],{"class":83},[73,64439,94],{"class":93},[73,64441,8177],{"class":97},[73,64443,94],{"class":93},[73,64445,1063],{"class":83},[73,64447,224],{"class":93},[73,64449,8432],{"class":97},[73,64451,94],{"class":93},[73,64453,140],{"class":83},[73,64455,224],{"class":93},[73,64457,20403],{"class":97},[73,64459,94],{"class":93},[73,64461,1063],{"class":83},[73,64463,224],{"class":93},[73,64465,22756],{"class":97},[73,64467,94],{"class":93},[73,64469,9814],{"class":83},[73,64471,64472,64474,64476,64478,64480,64482,64484,64486],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,64473,80],{"class":79},[73,64475,84],{"class":83},[73,64477,8604],{"class":87},[73,64479,84],{"class":83},[73,64481,14137],{"class":245},[73,64483,653],{"class":83},[73,64485,8320],{"class":245},[73,64487,6801],{"class":83},[20,64489,148],{},[64,64491,64493],{"className":66,"code":64492,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64494,64495],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,64496,64497,64499,64501,64503,64505,64507,64509,64511,64513,64515,64517,64519,64521,64523,64525,64527,64529,64531],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,64498,22251],{"class":83},[73,64500,343],{"class":93},[73,64502,8177],{"class":97},[73,64504,343],{"class":93},[73,64506,140],{"class":83},[73,64508,337],{"class":93},[73,64510,8432],{"class":97},[73,64512,343],{"class":93},[73,64514,9739],{"class":83},[73,64516,9742],{"class":83},[73,64518,343],{"class":93},[73,64520,20403],{"class":97},[73,64522,343],{"class":93},[73,64524,140],{"class":83},[73,64526,337],{"class":93},[73,64528,22756],{"class":97},[73,64530,343],{"class":93},[73,64532,9755],{"class":83},[20,64534,64535],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[59,64537,64539],{"id":64538},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64541,171,64542,11108],{},[15,64543,25291],{},[33,64545,64546,64554,64563],{},[36,64547,64548,64549,3408,64551],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64550,52891],{},[15,64552,64553],{},"sort()",[36,64555,64556,64557,3408,64559,64562],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64558,36705],{},[15,64560,64561],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[36,64564,64565],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64567,46529,64568,1063],{},[15,64569,64561],{},[64,64571,64573],{"className":66,"code":64572,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64574,64575,64599,64615,64619,64642],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,64576,64577,64579,64581,64583,64585,64587,64589,64591,64593,64595,64597],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,64578,5508],{"class":216},[73,64580,221],{"class":220},[73,64582,891],{"class":83},[73,64584,94],{"class":93},[73,64586,13391],{"class":97},[73,64588,94],{"class":93},[73,64590,140],{"class":83},[73,64592,224],{"class":93},[73,64594,36447],{"class":97},[73,64596,94],{"class":93},[73,64598,924],{"class":83},[73,64600,64601,64603,64605,64607,64609,64611,64613],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,64602,5577],{"class":216},[73,64604,221],{"class":220},[73,64606,891],{"class":83},[73,64608,14013],{"class":116},[73,64610,140],{"class":83},[73,64612,14018],{"class":116},[73,64614,924],{"class":83},[73,64616,64617],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,64618,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,64620,64621,64623,64625,64627,64629,64632,64634,64636,64638,64640],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,64622,9721],{"class":216},[73,64624,221],{"class":220},[73,64626,23069],{"class":87},[73,64628,84],{"class":83},[73,64630,64631],{"class":79},"zip",[73,64633,84],{"class":83},[73,64635,5552],{"class":245},[73,64637,140],{"class":83},[73,64639,5624],{"class":245},[73,64641,102],{"class":83},[73,64643,64644,64646,64648,64650],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,64645,80],{"class":79},[73,64647,84],{"class":83},[73,64649,9768],{"class":245},[73,64651,249],{"class":83},[20,64653,148],{},[64,64655,64657],{"className":66,"code":64656,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64658,64659],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,64660,64661,64663,64665,64667,64669,64671,64673,64675,64677,64679,64681,64683,64685,64687],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,64662,22251],{"class":83},[73,64664,343],{"class":93},[73,64666,13391],{"class":97},[73,64668,343],{"class":93},[73,64670,140],{"class":83},[73,64672,20410],{"class":116},[73,64674,9739],{"class":83},[73,64676,9742],{"class":83},[73,64678,343],{"class":93},[73,64680,36447],{"class":97},[73,64682,343],{"class":93},[73,64684,140],{"class":83},[73,64686,14018],{"class":116},[73,64688,9755],{"class":83},[20,64690,64691,64692,64694,64695,653],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64693,52891],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[646,64696,53288],{"href":53287},[59,64698,5031],{"id":5030},[20,64700,57015,64701,653],{},[15,64702,25291],{},[403,64704,64706],{"id":64705},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64708,5038],{},[64,64710,64712],{"className":66,"code":64711,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64713,64714,64718],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,64715,64716],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,64717,5048],{"class":769},[73,64719,64720,64722,64724,64726,64728,64730,64732,64734],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,64721,8604],{"class":87},[73,64723,84],{"class":83},[73,64725,2397],{"class":116},[73,64727,140],{"class":83},[73,64729,143],{"class":116},[73,64731,140],{"class":83},[73,64733,2982],{"class":116},[73,64735,249],{"class":83},[20,64737,64738,64740],{},[15,64739,25291],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64742,19207],{},[64,64744,64746],{"className":66,"code":64745,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64747,64748],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,64749,64750,64752,64754,64756,64758,64760,64762,64764,64766,64768],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,64751,80],{"class":79},[73,64753,84],{"class":83},[73,64755,8604],{"class":87},[73,64757,6023],{"class":83},[73,64759,2397],{"class":116},[73,64761,140],{"class":83},[73,64763,143],{"class":116},[73,64765,140],{"class":83},[73,64767,2982],{"class":116},[73,64769,1784],{"class":83},[403,64771,64773,64774],{"id":64772},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[73,64775,64776],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64778,64779],{},"This is a common surprise:",[64,64781,64783],{"className":66,"code":64782,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64784,64785],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,64786,64787,64789,64791,64793,64795,64797,64799,64801],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,64788,80],{"class":79},[73,64790,84],{"class":83},[73,64792,8604],{"class":87},[73,64794,84],{"class":83},[73,64796,94],{"class":93},[73,64798,4357],{"class":97},[73,64800,94],{"class":93},[73,64802,102],{"class":83},[20,64804,148],{},[64,64806,64808],{"className":66,"code":64807,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64809,64810],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,64811,64812,64814,64816,64818,64820,64822,64824,64826,64828,64830,64832,64834,64836,64838,64840,64842,64844,64846,64848,64850,64852],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,64813,4410],{"class":83},[73,64815,343],{"class":93},[73,64817,60679],{"class":97},[73,64819,343],{"class":93},[73,64821,140],{"class":83},[73,64823,337],{"class":93},[73,64825,60688],{"class":97},[73,64827,343],{"class":93},[73,64829,140],{"class":83},[73,64831,337],{"class":93},[73,64833,60697],{"class":97},[73,64835,343],{"class":93},[73,64837,140],{"class":83},[73,64839,337],{"class":93},[73,64841,60697],{"class":97},[73,64843,343],{"class":93},[73,64845,140],{"class":83},[73,64847,337],{"class":93},[73,64849,60714],{"class":97},[73,64851,343],{"class":93},[73,64853,924],{"class":83},[20,64855,64856],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64858,64859],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[64,64861,64863],{"className":66,"code":64862,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64864,64865],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,64866,64867,64869,64871,64873,64875,64877],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,64868,80],{"class":79},[73,64870,3510],{"class":83},[73,64872,94],{"class":93},[73,64874,4357],{"class":97},[73,64876,94],{"class":93},[73,64878,4398],{"class":83},[403,64880,64882],{"id":64881},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64884,64885],{},"This:",[64,64887,64889],{"className":66,"code":64888,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64890,64891,64923],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,64892,64893,64895,64897,64899,64901,64903,64905,64907,64909,64911,64913,64915,64917,64919,64921],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,64894,9672],{"class":216},[73,64896,221],{"class":220},[73,64898,10997],{"class":83},[73,64900,94],{"class":93},[73,64902,646],{"class":97},[73,64904,94],{"class":93},[73,64906,1063],{"class":83},[73,64908,2085],{"class":116},[73,64910,140],{"class":83},[73,64912,224],{"class":93},[73,64914,5274],{"class":97},[73,64916,94],{"class":93},[73,64918,1063],{"class":83},[73,64920,143],{"class":116},[73,64922,9814],{"class":83},[73,64924,64925,64927,64929,64931,64933,64935],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,64926,80],{"class":79},[73,64928,84],{"class":83},[73,64930,8604],{"class":87},[73,64932,84],{"class":83},[73,64934,9710],{"class":245},[73,64936,102],{"class":83},[20,64938,64939],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64941,171,64942,64945],{},[15,64943,64944],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[403,64947,64949],{"id":64948},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64951,64952,64954],{},[15,64953,25291],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64956,64957],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[59,64959,2350],{"id":2349},[403,64961,5691,64963,64965],{"id":64962},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[73,64964],{}," and list()?",[20,64967,64968,64969,64971,64972,64974],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64970,4300],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64973,25291],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[403,64976,64978],{"id":64977},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64980,64981,64982,64984],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64983,25291],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[403,64986,64988],{"id":64987},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64990,64991],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[403,64993,64995],{"id":64994},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64997,64998],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[403,65000,65002],{"id":65001},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,65004,65005,65006,65008],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,65007,25291],{}," cannot loop through it.",[59,65010,2413],{"id":2412},[33,65012,65013,65017,65022,65026,65030,65034,65038,65043],{},[36,65014,65015],{},[646,65016,53010],{"href":51217},[36,65018,65019],{},[646,65020,65021],{"href":36702},"Python range() function explained",[36,65023,65024],{},[646,65025,63459],{"href":63458},[36,65027,65028],{},[646,65029,63791],{"href":63790},[36,65031,65032],{},[646,65033,5728],{"href":6099},[36,65035,65036],{},[646,65037,14302],{"href":14301},[36,65039,65040],{},[646,65041,65042],{"href":52838},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[36,65044,65045],{},[646,65046,54517],{"href":53287},[2459,65048,65049],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":65051},[65052,65053,65054,65055,65056,65063,65064,65065,65070,65071,65078,65086],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":63161,"depth":105,"text":63162},{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":59860,"depth":105,"text":59861},{"id":63389,"depth":105,"text":63390,"children":65057},[65058,65059,65060,65061,65062],{"id":63393,"depth":122,"text":63394},{"id":63462,"depth":122,"text":63463},{"id":63540,"depth":122,"text":63541},{"id":63615,"depth":122,"text":63616},{"id":63682,"depth":122,"text":63683},{"id":63794,"depth":105,"text":63795},{"id":63930,"depth":105,"text":63931},{"id":64230,"depth":105,"text":64231,"children":65066},[65067,65068,65069],{"id":64239,"depth":122,"text":64240},{"id":64329,"depth":122,"text":64330},{"id":64423,"depth":122,"text":64424},{"id":64538,"depth":105,"text":64539},{"id":5030,"depth":105,"text":5031,"children":65072},[65073,65074,65076,65077],{"id":64705,"depth":122,"text":64706},{"id":64772,"depth":122,"text":65075},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64881,"depth":122,"text":64882},{"id":64948,"depth":122,"text":64949},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":65079},[65080,65082,65083,65084,65085],{"id":64962,"depth":122,"text":65081},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64977,"depth":122,"text":64978},{"id":64987,"depth":122,"text":64988},{"id":64994,"depth":122,"text":64995},{"id":65001,"depth":122,"text":65002},{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62995,"description":65087},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":65094,"title":65095,"body":65096,"description":66447,"extension":2511,"meta":66448,"navigation":254,"path":66449,"seo":66450,"stem":66451,"__hash__":66452},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":65097,"toc":66421},[65098,65103,65109,65118,65120,65193,65202,65207,65211,65227,65231,65233,65235,65254,65257,65285,65288,65313,65321,65323,65328,65335,65337,65394,65396,65404,65410,65414,65417,65490,65492,65500,65503,65526,65533,65539,65543,65549,65620,65622,65630,65639,65646,65653,65661,65805,65807,65824,65827,65866,65869,65873,65878,65880,65939,65945,65948,66055,66057,66072,66075,66082,66084,66088,66236,66239,66300,66303,66306,66327,66332,66336,66347,66350,66352,66357,66360,66368,66373,66379,66382,66388,66396,66398,66418],[10,65099,54581,65101,11831],{"id":65100},"python-list-index-method",[15,65102,59208],{},[20,65104,65105,65108],{},[15,65106,65107],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,65110,65111,65112,65115,65116,653],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[1194,65113,65114],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65117,781],{},[59,65119,4124],{"id":4123},[64,65121,65123],{"className":66,"code":65122,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,65124,65125,65157,65180],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,65126,65127,65129,65131,65133,65135,65137,65139,65141,65143,65145,65147,65149,65151,65153,65155],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,65128,8289],{"class":216},[73,65130,221],{"class":220},[73,65132,891],{"class":83},[73,65134,94],{"class":93},[73,65136,4590],{"class":97},[73,65138,94],{"class":93},[73,65140,140],{"class":83},[73,65142,224],{"class":93},[73,65144,4599],{"class":97},[73,65146,94],{"class":93},[73,65148,140],{"class":83},[73,65150,224],{"class":93},[73,65152,4608],{"class":97},[73,65154,94],{"class":93},[73,65156,924],{"class":83},[73,65158,65159,65162,65164,65166,65168,65170,65172,65174,65176,65178],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,65160,65161],{"class":216},"position ",[73,65163,221],{"class":220},[73,65165,6477],{"class":216},[73,65167,653],{"class":83},[73,65169,36352],{"class":245},[73,65171,84],{"class":83},[73,65173,94],{"class":93},[73,65175,4599],{"class":97},[73,65177,94],{"class":93},[73,65179,249],{"class":83},[73,65181,65182,65184,65186,65189,65191],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,65183,80],{"class":79},[73,65185,84],{"class":83},[73,65187,65188],{"class":245},"position",[73,65190,4177],{"class":83},[73,65192,28290],{"class":769},[20,65194,171,65195,65198,65199,65201],{},[15,65196,65197],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,65200,781],{}," if the item is not found.",[59,65203,178,65205,181],{"id":65204},"what-listindex-does",[15,65206,65107],{},[20,65208,65209,1063],{},[15,65210,65107],{},[33,65212,65213,65216,65219,65224],{},[36,65214,65215],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[36,65217,65218],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[36,65220,65221,65222],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,65223,806],{},[36,65225,65226],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,65228,54806,65229,653],{},[646,65230,53010],{"href":54809},[59,65232,370],{"id":369},[20,65234,31231],{},[64,65236,65238],{"className":66,"code":65237,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,65239,65240],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,65241,65242,65244,65246,65248,65250,65252],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,65243,8848],{"class":216},[73,65245,653],{"class":83},[73,65247,36352],{"class":245},[73,65249,84],{"class":83},[73,65251,967],{"class":245},[73,65253,249],{"class":83},[20,65255,65256],{},"You can also limit the search:",[64,65258,65260],{"className":66,"code":65259,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,65261,65262],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,65263,65264,65266,65268,65270,65272,65274,65276,65278,65280,65283],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,65265,8848],{"class":216},[73,65267,653],{"class":83},[73,65269,36352],{"class":245},[73,65271,84],{"class":83},[73,65273,967],{"class":245},[73,65275,140],{"class":83},[73,65277,36558],{"class":245},[73,65279,140],{"class":83},[73,65281,65282],{"class":245}," end",[73,65284,249],{"class":83},[20,65286,65287],{},"Here is what each part means:",[33,65289,65290,65295,65300,65305],{},[36,65291,65292,65294],{},[15,65293,967],{},": the item to search for",[36,65296,65297,65299],{},[15,65298,36579],{},": where the search begins",[36,65301,65302,65304],{},[15,65303,52899],{},": where the search stops",[36,65306,65307,5297,65309,65312],{},[15,65308,52899],{},[1194,65310,65311],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,65314,65315,65316,65318,65319,653],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,65317,36579],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,65320,52899],{},[59,65322,38527],{"id":38526},[20,65324,65325,65327],{},[15,65326,65107],{}," returns an integer.",[20,65329,65330,65331,65334],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[1194,65332,65333],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,65336,206],{},[64,65338,65340],{"className":66,"code":65339,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,65341,65342,65362,65380,65384],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,65343,65344,65346,65348,65350,65352,65354,65356,65358,65360],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,65345,4134],{"class":216},[73,65347,221],{"class":220},[73,65349,891],{"class":83},[73,65351,452],{"class":116},[73,65353,140],{"class":83},[73,65355,8300],{"class":116},[73,65357,140],{"class":83},[73,65359,8305],{"class":116},[73,65361,924],{"class":83},[73,65363,65364,65366,65368,65370,65372,65374,65376,65378],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,65365,2766],{"class":216},[73,65367,221],{"class":220},[73,65369,4775],{"class":216},[73,65371,653],{"class":83},[73,65373,36352],{"class":245},[73,65375,84],{"class":83},[73,65377,16264],{"class":116},[73,65379,249],{"class":83},[73,65381,65382],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,65383,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,65385,65386,65388,65390,65392],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,65387,80],{"class":79},[73,65389,84],{"class":83},[73,65391,2800],{"class":245},[73,65393,249],{"class":83},[20,65395,148],{},[64,65397,65398],{"className":66,"code":508,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,65399,65400],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,65401,65402],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,65403,508],{"class":116},[20,65405,65406,65407,65409],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65408,59208],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[59,65411,65413],{"id":65412},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,65415,65416],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[64,65418,65420],{"className":66,"code":65419,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65421,65422,65454,65476,65480],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,65423,65424,65426,65428,65430,65432,65434,65436,65438,65440,65442,65444,65446,65448,65450,65452],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,65425,36746],{"class":216},[73,65427,221],{"class":220},[73,65429,891],{"class":83},[73,65431,94],{"class":93},[73,65433,4590],{"class":97},[73,65435,94],{"class":93},[73,65437,140],{"class":83},[73,65439,224],{"class":93},[73,65441,4599],{"class":97},[73,65443,94],{"class":93},[73,65445,140],{"class":83},[73,65447,224],{"class":93},[73,65449,4608],{"class":97},[73,65451,94],{"class":93},[73,65453,924],{"class":83},[73,65455,65456,65458,65460,65462,65464,65466,65468,65470,65472,65474],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,65457,65161],{"class":216},[73,65459,221],{"class":220},[73,65461,53090],{"class":216},[73,65463,653],{"class":83},[73,65465,36352],{"class":245},[73,65467,84],{"class":83},[73,65469,94],{"class":93},[73,65471,4608],{"class":97},[73,65473,94],{"class":93},[73,65475,249],{"class":83},[73,65477,65478],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,65479,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,65481,65482,65484,65486,65488],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,65483,80],{"class":79},[73,65485,84],{"class":83},[73,65487,65188],{"class":245},[73,65489,249],{"class":83},[20,65491,148],{},[64,65493,65494],{"className":66,"code":17567,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,65495,65496],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,65497,65498],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,65499,17567],{"class":116},[20,65501,65502],{},"In this list:",[33,65504,65505,65512,65519],{},[36,65506,65507,65509,65510],{},[15,65508,58073],{}," is at index ",[15,65511,806],{},[36,65513,65514,65509,65517],{},[15,65515,65516],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65518,2397],{},[36,65520,65521,65509,65524],{},[15,65522,65523],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65525,530],{},[20,65527,53892,65528,2928,65531,653],{},[15,65529,65530],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65532,530],{},[20,65534,51781,65535,653],{},[646,65536,65538],{"href":65537},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[59,65540,65542],{"id":65541},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65544,65545,65546,65548],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65547,59208],{}," returns the first match only.",[64,65550,65552],{"className":66,"code":65551,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65553,65554,65594,65598],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,65555,65556,65558,65560,65562,65564,65566,65568,65570,65572,65574,65576,65578,65580,65582,65584,65586,65588,65590,65592],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,65557,13586],{"class":216},[73,65559,221],{"class":220},[73,65561,891],{"class":83},[73,65563,94],{"class":93},[73,65565,13603],{"class":97},[73,65567,94],{"class":93},[73,65569,140],{"class":83},[73,65571,224],{"class":93},[73,65573,13620],{"class":97},[73,65575,94],{"class":93},[73,65577,140],{"class":83},[73,65579,224],{"class":93},[73,65581,13603],{"class":97},[73,65583,94],{"class":93},[73,65585,140],{"class":83},[73,65587,224],{"class":93},[73,65589,17967],{"class":97},[73,65591,94],{"class":93},[73,65593,924],{"class":83},[73,65595,65596],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,65597,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,65599,65600,65602,65604,65606,65608,65610,65612,65614,65616,65618],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,65601,80],{"class":79},[73,65603,84],{"class":83},[73,65605,18014],{"class":245},[73,65607,653],{"class":83},[73,65609,36352],{"class":245},[73,65611,84],{"class":83},[73,65613,94],{"class":93},[73,65615,13603],{"class":97},[73,65617,94],{"class":93},[73,65619,102],{"class":83},[20,65621,148],{},[64,65623,65624],{"className":66,"code":860,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,65625,65626],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,65627,65628],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,65629,860],{"class":116},[20,65631,21490,65632,65635,65636,65638],{},[15,65633,65634],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65637,806],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65640,65641,65642,653],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[646,65643,55759,65644,11248],{"href":59267},[15,65645,57530],{},[59,65647,657,65649,1647,65651],{"id":65648},"using-start-and-end",[15,65650,36579],{},[15,65652,52899],{},[20,65654,65655,65656,1647,65658,65660],{},"The optional ",[15,65657,36579],{},[15,65659,52899],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[64,65662,65664],{"className":66,"code":65663,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65665,65666,65714,65718,65743,65772],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,65667,65668,65670,65672,65674,65676,65678,65680,65682,65684,65686,65688,65690,65692,65694,65696,65698,65700,65702,65704,65706,65708,65710,65712],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,65669,36597],{"class":216},[73,65671,221],{"class":220},[73,65673,891],{"class":83},[73,65675,94],{"class":93},[73,65677,646],{"class":97},[73,65679,94],{"class":93},[73,65681,140],{"class":83},[73,65683,224],{"class":93},[73,65685,5274],{"class":97},[73,65687,94],{"class":93},[73,65689,140],{"class":83},[73,65691,224],{"class":93},[73,65693,10245],{"class":97},[73,65695,94],{"class":93},[73,65697,140],{"class":83},[73,65699,224],{"class":93},[73,65701,5274],{"class":97},[73,65703,94],{"class":93},[73,65705,140],{"class":83},[73,65707,224],{"class":93},[73,65709,19280],{"class":97},[73,65711,94],{"class":93},[73,65713,924],{"class":83},[73,65715,65716],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,65717,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,65719,65720,65722,65724,65726,65728,65730,65732,65734,65736,65738,65740],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,65721,80],{"class":79},[73,65723,84],{"class":83},[73,65725,36650],{"class":245},[73,65727,653],{"class":83},[73,65729,36352],{"class":245},[73,65731,84],{"class":83},[73,65733,94],{"class":93},[73,65735,5274],{"class":97},[73,65737,94],{"class":93},[73,65739,5874],{"class":83},[73,65741,65742],{"class":769},"        # first match\n",[73,65744,65745,65747,65749,65751,65753,65755,65757,65759,65761,65763,65765,65767,65769],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,65746,80],{"class":79},[73,65748,84],{"class":83},[73,65750,36650],{"class":245},[73,65752,653],{"class":83},[73,65754,36352],{"class":245},[73,65756,84],{"class":83},[73,65758,94],{"class":93},[73,65760,5274],{"class":97},[73,65762,94],{"class":93},[73,65764,140],{"class":83},[73,65766,143],{"class":116},[73,65768,5874],{"class":83},[73,65770,65771],{"class":769},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[73,65773,65774,65776,65778,65780,65782,65784,65786,65788,65790,65792,65794,65796,65798,65800,65802],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,65775,80],{"class":79},[73,65777,84],{"class":83},[73,65779,36650],{"class":245},[73,65781,653],{"class":83},[73,65783,36352],{"class":245},[73,65785,84],{"class":83},[73,65787,94],{"class":93},[73,65789,5274],{"class":97},[73,65791,94],{"class":93},[73,65793,140],{"class":83},[73,65795,2085],{"class":116},[73,65797,140],{"class":83},[73,65799,2988],{"class":116},[73,65801,5874],{"class":83},[73,65803,65804],{"class":769},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65806,148],{},[64,65808,65810],{"className":66,"code":65809,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65811,65812,65816,65820],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,65813,65814],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,65815,508],{"class":116},[73,65817,65818],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,65819,163],{"class":116},[73,65821,65822],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,65823,508],{"class":116},[20,65825,65826],{},"How this works:",[33,65828,65829,65841,65854],{},[36,65830,65831,65834,65835,65838,65839],{},[15,65832,65833],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65836,65837],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65840,2397],{},[36,65842,65843,65846,65847,65849,65850,65838,65852],{},[15,65844,65845],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65848,530],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65851,65837],{},[15,65853,1304],{},[36,65855,65856,65859,65860,2728,65862,17583,65864],{},[15,65857,65858],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65861,2397],{},[15,65863,530],{},[15,65865,1304],{},[20,65867,65868],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[59,65870,65872],{"id":65871},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65874,65875,65876,653],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65877,781],{},[20,65879,206],{},[64,65881,65883],{"className":66,"code":65882,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65884,65885,65917],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,65886,65887,65889,65891,65893,65895,65897,65899,65901,65903,65905,65907,65909,65911,65913,65915],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,65888,8289],{"class":216},[73,65890,221],{"class":220},[73,65892,891],{"class":83},[73,65894,94],{"class":93},[73,65896,4590],{"class":97},[73,65898,94],{"class":93},[73,65900,140],{"class":83},[73,65902,224],{"class":93},[73,65904,4599],{"class":97},[73,65906,94],{"class":93},[73,65908,140],{"class":83},[73,65910,224],{"class":93},[73,65912,4608],{"class":97},[73,65914,94],{"class":93},[73,65916,924],{"class":83},[73,65918,65919,65921,65923,65925,65927,65929,65931,65933,65935,65937],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,65920,80],{"class":79},[73,65922,84],{"class":83},[73,65924,8320],{"class":245},[73,65926,653],{"class":83},[73,65928,36352],{"class":245},[73,65930,84],{"class":83},[73,65932,94],{"class":93},[73,65934,33727],{"class":97},[73,65936,94],{"class":93},[73,65938,102],{"class":83},[20,65940,40161,65941,65944],{},[15,65942,65943],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65946,65947],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[64,65949,65951],{"className":66,"code":65950,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65952,65953,65985,65998,66002,66015,66034,66040],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,65954,65955,65957,65959,65961,65963,65965,65967,65969,65971,65973,65975,65977,65979,65981,65983],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,65956,8289],{"class":216},[73,65958,221],{"class":220},[73,65960,891],{"class":83},[73,65962,94],{"class":93},[73,65964,4590],{"class":97},[73,65966,94],{"class":93},[73,65968,140],{"class":83},[73,65970,224],{"class":93},[73,65972,4599],{"class":97},[73,65974,94],{"class":93},[73,65976,140],{"class":83},[73,65978,224],{"class":93},[73,65980,4608],{"class":97},[73,65982,94],{"class":93},[73,65984,924],{"class":83},[73,65986,65987,65990,65992,65994,65996],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,65988,65989],{"class":216},"search_value ",[73,65991,221],{"class":220},[73,65993,224],{"class":93},[73,65995,33727],{"class":97},[73,65997,230],{"class":93},[73,65999,66000],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,66001,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,66003,66004,66006,66009,66011,66013],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,66005,7507],{"class":933},[73,66007,66008],{"class":216}," search_value ",[73,66010,940],{"class":220},[73,66012,6477],{"class":216},[73,66014,946],{"class":83},[73,66016,66017,66019,66021,66023,66025,66027,66029,66032],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,66018,1676],{"class":79},[73,66020,84],{"class":83},[73,66022,8320],{"class":245},[73,66024,653],{"class":83},[73,66026,36352],{"class":245},[73,66028,84],{"class":83},[73,66030,66031],{"class":245},"search_value",[73,66033,102],{"class":83},[73,66035,66036,66038],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,66037,27944],{"class":933},[73,66039,946],{"class":83},[73,66041,66042,66044,66046,66048,66051,66053],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,66043,1676],{"class":79},[73,66045,84],{"class":83},[73,66047,94],{"class":93},[73,66049,66050],{"class":97},"Item not found",[73,66052,94],{"class":93},[73,66054,249],{"class":83},[20,66056,148],{},[64,66058,66060],{"className":66,"code":66059,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Item not found\n",[15,66061,66062],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,66063,66064,66067,66069],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,66065,66066],{"class":216},"Item ",[73,66068,1196],{"class":220},[73,66070,66071],{"class":216}," found\n",[20,66073,66074],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,66076,66077,66078,653],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[646,66079,66081],{"href":66080},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[59,66083,5031],{"id":5030},[20,66085,21724,66086,1063],{},[15,66087,65107],{},[33,66089,66090,66108,66120,66180],{},[36,66091,26284,66092,2928,66094,66097,66098,66100,66101,5672,66103,66105,66106,653],{},[15,66093,59208],{},[15,66095,66096],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[10352,66099],{},"\nPython does ",[1194,66102,1196],{},[15,66104,66096],{},". It raises ",[15,66107,781],{},[36,66109,66110,66111,66113,66116,66117,66119],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[10352,66112],{},[15,66114,66115],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,66118,65516],{},", not the value itself.",[36,66121,657,66122,11600,66125,66127,66129,66130,17166,66132,66155,17154,66157],{},[15,66123,66124],{},"index[]",[15,66126,59208],{},[10352,66128],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[10352,66131],{},[64,66133,66135],{"className":66,"code":66134,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,66136,66137],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,66138,66139,66141,66143,66145,66147,66149,66151,66153],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,66140,8320],{"class":216},[73,66142,653],{"class":83},[73,66144,36352],{"class":245},[73,66146,84],{"class":83},[73,66148,94],{"class":93},[73,66150,4599],{"class":97},[73,66152,94],{"class":93},[73,66154,249],{"class":83},[10352,66156],{},[64,66158,66160],{"className":66,"code":66159,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,66161,66162],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,66163,66164,66166,66168,66170,66172,66174,66176,66178],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,66165,8320],{"class":216},[73,66167,653],{"class":83},[73,66169,36352],{"class":25260},[73,66171,4410],{"class":83},[73,66173,94],{"class":93},[73,66175,4599],{"class":97},[73,66177,94],{"class":93},[73,66179,924],{"class":83},[36,66181,66182,66183,66185,1647,66188,66190,66191],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[10352,66184],{},[15,66186,66187],{},"\"3\"",[15,66189,1304],{}," are different values in Python.",[64,66192,66194],{"className":66,"code":66193,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,66195,66196,66216],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,66197,66198,66200,66202,66204,66206,66208,66210,66212,66214],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,66199,4134],{"class":216},[73,66201,221],{"class":220},[73,66203,891],{"class":83},[73,66205,2397],{"class":116},[73,66207,140],{"class":83},[73,66209,143],{"class":116},[73,66211,140],{"class":83},[73,66213,2982],{"class":116},[73,66215,924],{"class":83},[73,66217,66218,66220,66222,66224,66226,66228,66230,66232,66234],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,66219,80],{"class":79},[73,66221,84],{"class":83},[73,66223,94],{"class":93},[73,66225,1304],{"class":97},[73,66227,94],{"class":93},[73,66229,21686],{"class":933},[73,66231,4775],{"class":245},[73,66233,4177],{"class":83},[73,66235,5285],{"class":769},[20,66237,66238],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[64,66240,66242],{"className":66,"code":66241,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,66243,66244,66254,66268,66282],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,66245,66246,66248,66250,66252],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,66247,80],{"class":79},[73,66249,84],{"class":83},[73,66251,8848],{"class":245},[73,66253,249],{"class":83},[73,66255,66256,66258,66260,66262,66264,66266],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,66257,80],{"class":79},[73,66259,84],{"class":83},[73,66261,288],{"class":87},[73,66263,84],{"class":83},[73,66265,66031],{"class":245},[73,66267,102],{"class":83},[73,66269,66270,66272,66274,66276,66278,66280],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,66271,80],{"class":79},[73,66273,84],{"class":83},[73,66275,65989],{"class":245},[73,66277,940],{"class":933},[73,66279,8905],{"class":245},[73,66281,249],{"class":83},[73,66283,66284,66286,66288,66290,66292,66294,66296,66298],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,66285,80],{"class":79},[73,66287,84],{"class":83},[73,66289,8848],{"class":245},[73,66291,653],{"class":83},[73,66293,36352],{"class":245},[73,66295,84],{"class":83},[73,66297,66031],{"class":245},[73,66299,102],{"class":83},[20,66301,66302],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,66304,66305],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[33,66307,66308,66311,66318,66324],{},[36,66309,66310],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[36,66312,66313,66314,11600,66316],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,66315,66187],{},[15,66317,1304],{},[36,66319,66320,66321,66323],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,66322,59208],{}," returns only the first one",[36,66325,66326],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[59,66328,1999,66330],{"id":66329},"when-to-use-index",[15,66331,59208],{},[20,66333,171,66334,11108],{},[15,66335,59208],{},[33,66337,66338,66341,66344],{},[36,66339,66340],{},"You need the position of a known value",[36,66342,66343],{},"You are working with a small list",[36,66345,66346],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,66348,66349],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[59,66351,2350],{"id":2349},[403,66353,2387,66355,5658],{"id":66354},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,66356,65107],{},[20,66358,66359],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[403,66361,2354,66363,5672,66365,66367],{"id":66362},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,66364,65107],{},[15,66366,66096],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,66369,66370,66371,7140],{},"No. It raises ",[15,66372,781],{},[403,66374,5681,66376,66378],{"id":66375},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,66377,65107],{}," find all matching items?",[20,66380,66381],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[403,66383,66385,66386,3023],{"id":66384},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66387,59208],{},[20,66389,66390,66391,1647,66393,66395],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66392,36579],{},[15,66394,52899],{}," arguments.",[59,66397,2413],{"id":2412},[33,66399,66400,66404,66408,66412],{},[36,66401,66402],{},[646,66403,59196],{"href":65537},[36,66405,66406],{},[646,66407,53010],{"href":54809},[36,66409,66410],{},[646,66411,66081],{"href":66080},[36,66413,66414],{},[646,66415,55759,66416,11248],{"href":59267},[15,66417,57530],{},[2459,66419,66420],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":66422},[66423,66424,66426,66427,66428,66429,66430,66432,66433,66434,66436,66446],{"id":4123,"depth":105,"text":4124},{"id":65204,"depth":105,"text":66425},"What list.index() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":38526,"depth":105,"text":38527},{"id":65412,"depth":105,"text":65413},{"id":65541,"depth":105,"text":65542},{"id":65648,"depth":105,"text":66431},"Using start and end",{"id":65871,"depth":105,"text":65872},{"id":5030,"depth":105,"text":5031},{"id":66329,"depth":105,"text":66435},"When to use index()",{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":66437},[66438,66440,66442,66444],{"id":66354,"depth":122,"text":66439},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66362,"depth":122,"text":66441},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66375,"depth":122,"text":66443},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66384,"depth":122,"text":66445},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":65095,"description":66447},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66454,"title":66455,"body":66456,"description":68398,"extension":2511,"meta":68399,"navigation":254,"path":68400,"seo":68401,"stem":68402,"__hash__":68403},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66457,"toc":68358},[66458,66463,66468,66471,66480,66537,66543,66548,66552,66566,66572,66574,66597,66614,66616,66677,66679,66711,66724,66726,66729,66829,66831,66909,66915,66919,66927,66931,66937,66992,66994,67018,67022,67025,67078,67080,67104,67108,67111,67164,67166,67190,67194,67200,67271,67273,67314,67320,67327,67330,67335,67343,67348,67356,67358,67455,67457,67526,67533,67538,67540,67544,67549,67551,67622,67624,67653,67659,67661,67688,67691,67714,67718,67721,67743,67746,67769,67771,67831,67833,67865,67871,67876,67929,67931,67956,67959,68008,68010,68031,68035,68040,68043,68098,68100,68127,68134,68138,68143,68214,68217,68231,68236,68241,68243,68257,68269,68274,68276,68281,68286,68290,68293,68299,68305,68312,68320,68322,68355],[10,66459,54581,66461,11831],{"id":66460},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66462,54507],{},[20,66464,66465,66467],{},[15,66466,54150],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66469,66470],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66472,171,66473,66475,66476,653],{},[15,66474,54507],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[646,66477,55759,66478,11248],{"href":57008},[15,66479,52891],{},[64,66481,66483],{"className":66,"code":66482,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66484,66485,66505,66523,66533],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,66486,66487,66489,66491,66493,66495,66497,66499,66501,66503],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,66488,4134],{"class":216},[73,66490,221],{"class":220},[73,66492,891],{"class":83},[73,66494,2397],{"class":116},[73,66496,140],{"class":83},[73,66498,143],{"class":116},[73,66500,140],{"class":83},[73,66502,2988],{"class":116},[73,66504,924],{"class":83},[73,66506,66507,66509,66511,66513,66515,66517,66519,66521],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,66508,4164],{"class":216},[73,66510,653],{"class":83},[73,66512,54190],{"class":245},[73,66514,84],{"class":83},[73,66516,530],{"class":116},[73,66518,140],{"class":83},[73,66520,2982],{"class":116},[73,66522,249],{"class":83},[73,66524,66525,66527,66529,66531],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,66526,80],{"class":79},[73,66528,84],{"class":83},[73,66530,4164],{"class":245},[73,66532,249],{"class":83},[73,66534,66535],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,66536,52962],{"class":769},[20,66538,171,66539,66542],{},[15,66540,66541],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[59,66544,178,66546,181],{"id":66545},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66547,54150],{},[20,66549,66550,1063],{},[15,66551,54150],{},[33,66553,66554,66557,66560,66562],{},[36,66555,66556],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[36,66558,66559],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[36,66561,54667],{},[36,66563,11933,66564],{},[15,66565,1842],{},[20,66567,66568,66569,66571],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66570,54507],{}," does not create a new list.",[59,66573,5944],{"id":5943},[64,66575,66577],{"className":66,"code":66576,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66578,66579],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,66580,66581,66583,66585,66587,66589,66591,66593,66595],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,66582,8848],{"class":216},[73,66584,653],{"class":83},[73,66586,54190],{"class":245},[73,66588,84],{"class":83},[73,66590,36352],{"class":245},[73,66592,140],{"class":83},[73,66594,30016],{"class":245},[73,66596,249],{"class":83},[33,66598,66599,66604,66609],{},[36,66600,66601,66603],{},[15,66602,36352],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[36,66605,66606,66608],{},[15,66607,23820],{}," is the value to add",[36,66610,66611,66612],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66613,806],{},[20,66615,206],{},[64,66617,66619],{"className":66,"code":66618,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66620,66621,66645,66667],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,66622,66623,66625,66627,66629,66631,66633,66635,66637,66639,66641,66643],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,66624,36597],{"class":216},[73,66626,221],{"class":220},[73,66628,891],{"class":83},[73,66630,94],{"class":93},[73,66632,646],{"class":97},[73,66634,94],{"class":93},[73,66636,140],{"class":83},[73,66638,224],{"class":93},[73,66640,10245],{"class":97},[73,66642,94],{"class":93},[73,66644,924],{"class":83},[73,66646,66647,66649,66651,66653,66655,66657,66659,66661,66663,66665],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,66648,36650],{"class":216},[73,66650,653],{"class":83},[73,66652,54190],{"class":245},[73,66654,84],{"class":83},[73,66656,2397],{"class":116},[73,66658,140],{"class":83},[73,66660,224],{"class":93},[73,66662,5274],{"class":97},[73,66664,94],{"class":93},[73,66666,249],{"class":83},[73,66668,66669,66671,66673,66675],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,66670,80],{"class":79},[73,66672,84],{"class":83},[73,66674,36650],{"class":245},[73,66676,249],{"class":83},[20,66678,148],{},[64,66680,66681],{"className":66,"code":43369,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,66682,66683],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,66684,66685,66687,66689,66691,66693,66695,66697,66699,66701,66703,66705,66707,66709],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,66686,4410],{"class":83},[73,66688,343],{"class":93},[73,66690,646],{"class":97},[73,66692,343],{"class":93},[73,66694,140],{"class":83},[73,66696,337],{"class":93},[73,66698,5274],{"class":97},[73,66700,343],{"class":93},[73,66702,140],{"class":83},[73,66704,337],{"class":93},[73,66706,10245],{"class":97},[73,66708,343],{"class":93},[73,66710,924],{"class":83},[20,66712,21283,66713,66715,66716,66718,66719,1647,66721,653],{},[15,66714,65837],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66717,2397],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66720,18608],{},[15,66722,66723],{},"\"c\"",[59,66725,6299],{"id":6298},[20,66727,66728],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[64,66730,66732],{"className":66,"code":66731,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66733,66734,66766,66784,66788,66810],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,66735,66736,66738,66740,66742,66744,66746,66748,66750,66752,66754,66756,66758,66760,66762,66764],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,66737,13586],{"class":216},[73,66739,221],{"class":220},[73,66741,891],{"class":83},[73,66743,94],{"class":93},[73,66745,13603],{"class":97},[73,66747,94],{"class":93},[73,66749,140],{"class":83},[73,66751,224],{"class":93},[73,66753,13620],{"class":97},[73,66755,94],{"class":93},[73,66757,140],{"class":83},[73,66759,224],{"class":93},[73,66761,17967],{"class":97},[73,66763,94],{"class":93},[73,66765,924],{"class":83},[73,66767,66768,66770,66772,66774,66776,66778,66780,66782],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,66769,80],{"class":79},[73,66771,84],{"class":83},[73,66773,94],{"class":93},[73,66775,12074],{"class":97},[73,66777,94],{"class":93},[73,66779,140],{"class":83},[73,66781,13634],{"class":245},[73,66783,249],{"class":83},[73,66785,66786],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,66787,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,66789,66790,66792,66794,66796,66798,66800,66802,66804,66806,66808],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,66791,18014],{"class":216},[73,66793,653],{"class":83},[73,66795,54190],{"class":245},[73,66797,84],{"class":83},[73,66799,2397],{"class":116},[73,66801,140],{"class":83},[73,66803,224],{"class":93},[73,66805,23033],{"class":97},[73,66807,94],{"class":93},[73,66809,249],{"class":83},[73,66811,66812,66814,66816,66818,66821,66823,66825,66827],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,66813,80],{"class":79},[73,66815,84],{"class":83},[73,66817,94],{"class":93},[73,66819,66820],{"class":97},"After: ",[73,66822,94],{"class":93},[73,66824,140],{"class":83},[73,66826,13634],{"class":245},[73,66828,249],{"class":83},[20,66830,148],{},[64,66832,66834],{"className":66,"code":66833,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66835,66836,66868],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,66837,66838,66840,66842,66844,66846,66848,66850,66852,66854,66856,66858,66860,66862,66864,66866],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,66839,12134],{"class":216},[73,66841,1063],{"class":83},[73,66843,891],{"class":83},[73,66845,343],{"class":93},[73,66847,13603],{"class":97},[73,66849,343],{"class":93},[73,66851,140],{"class":83},[73,66853,337],{"class":93},[73,66855,13620],{"class":97},[73,66857,343],{"class":93},[73,66859,140],{"class":83},[73,66861,337],{"class":93},[73,66863,17967],{"class":97},[73,66865,343],{"class":93},[73,66867,924],{"class":83},[73,66869,66870,66872,66874,66877,66879,66881,66883,66885,66887,66889,66891,66893,66895,66897,66899,66901,66903,66905,66907],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,66871,12187],{"class":216},[73,66873,1063],{"class":83},[73,66875,66876],{"class":83},"  [",[73,66878,343],{"class":93},[73,66880,13603],{"class":97},[73,66882,343],{"class":93},[73,66884,140],{"class":83},[73,66886,337],{"class":93},[73,66888,23033],{"class":97},[73,66890,343],{"class":93},[73,66892,140],{"class":83},[73,66894,337],{"class":93},[73,66896,13620],{"class":97},[73,66898,343],{"class":93},[73,66900,140],{"class":83},[73,66902,337],{"class":93},[73,66904,17967],{"class":97},[73,66906,343],{"class":93},[73,66908,924],{"class":83},[20,66910,66911,66912,66914],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66913,2397],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[59,66916,66918],{"id":66917},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66920,1580,66921,35836,66923,66926],{},[15,66922,36352],{},[15,66924,66925],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[403,66928,66930],{"id":66929},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66932,66933,66934,66936],{},"Use index ",[15,66935,806],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[64,66938,66940],{"className":66,"code":66939,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66941,66942,66963,66982],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,66943,66944,66947,66949,66951,66953,66955,66957,66959,66961],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,66945,66946],{"class":216},"nums ",[73,66948,221],{"class":220},[73,66950,891],{"class":83},[73,66952,530],{"class":116},[73,66954,140],{"class":83},[73,66956,2982],{"class":116},[73,66958,140],{"class":83},[73,66960,2988],{"class":116},[73,66962,924],{"class":83},[73,66964,66965,66968,66970,66972,66974,66976,66978,66980],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,66966,66967],{"class":216},"nums",[73,66969,653],{"class":83},[73,66971,54190],{"class":245},[73,66973,84],{"class":83},[73,66975,806],{"class":116},[73,66977,140],{"class":83},[73,66979,2085],{"class":116},[73,66981,249],{"class":83},[73,66983,66984,66986,66988,66990],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,66985,80],{"class":79},[73,66987,84],{"class":83},[73,66989,66967],{"class":245},[73,66991,249],{"class":83},[20,66993,148],{},[64,66995,66996],{"className":66,"code":53744,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,66997,66998],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,66999,67000,67002,67004,67006,67008,67010,67012,67014,67016],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67001,4410],{"class":83},[73,67003,2397],{"class":116},[73,67005,140],{"class":83},[73,67007,143],{"class":116},[73,67009,140],{"class":83},[73,67011,2982],{"class":116},[73,67013,140],{"class":83},[73,67015,2988],{"class":116},[73,67017,924],{"class":83},[403,67019,67021],{"id":67020},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,67023,67024],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[64,67026,67028],{"className":66,"code":67027,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67029,67030,67050,67068],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67031,67032,67034,67036,67038,67040,67042,67044,67046,67048],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67033,66946],{"class":216},[73,67035,221],{"class":220},[73,67037,891],{"class":83},[73,67039,2397],{"class":116},[73,67041,140],{"class":83},[73,67043,143],{"class":116},[73,67045,140],{"class":83},[73,67047,2988],{"class":116},[73,67049,924],{"class":83},[73,67051,67052,67054,67056,67058,67060,67062,67064,67066],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,67053,66967],{"class":216},[73,67055,653],{"class":83},[73,67057,54190],{"class":245},[73,67059,84],{"class":83},[73,67061,530],{"class":116},[73,67063,140],{"class":83},[73,67065,2982],{"class":116},[73,67067,249],{"class":83},[73,67069,67070,67072,67074,67076],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,67071,80],{"class":79},[73,67073,84],{"class":83},[73,67075,66967],{"class":245},[73,67077,249],{"class":83},[20,67079,148],{},[64,67081,67082],{"className":66,"code":53744,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,67083,67084],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67085,67086,67088,67090,67092,67094,67096,67098,67100,67102],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67087,4410],{"class":83},[73,67089,2397],{"class":116},[73,67091,140],{"class":83},[73,67093,143],{"class":116},[73,67095,140],{"class":83},[73,67097,2982],{"class":116},[73,67099,140],{"class":83},[73,67101,2988],{"class":116},[73,67103,924],{"class":83},[403,67105,67107],{"id":67106},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,67109,67110],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[64,67112,67114],{"className":66,"code":67113,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67115,67116,67136,67154],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67117,67118,67120,67122,67124,67126,67128,67130,67132,67134],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67119,66946],{"class":216},[73,67121,221],{"class":220},[73,67123,891],{"class":83},[73,67125,2397],{"class":116},[73,67127,140],{"class":83},[73,67129,143],{"class":116},[73,67131,140],{"class":83},[73,67133,2982],{"class":116},[73,67135,924],{"class":83},[73,67137,67138,67140,67142,67144,67146,67148,67150,67152],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,67139,66967],{"class":216},[73,67141,653],{"class":83},[73,67143,54190],{"class":245},[73,67145,84],{"class":83},[73,67147,452],{"class":116},[73,67149,140],{"class":83},[73,67151,2988],{"class":116},[73,67153,249],{"class":83},[73,67155,67156,67158,67160,67162],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,67157,80],{"class":79},[73,67159,84],{"class":83},[73,67161,66967],{"class":245},[73,67163,249],{"class":83},[20,67165,148],{},[64,67167,67168],{"className":66,"code":53744,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,67169,67170],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67171,67172,67174,67176,67178,67180,67182,67184,67186,67188],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67173,4410],{"class":83},[73,67175,2397],{"class":116},[73,67177,140],{"class":83},[73,67179,143],{"class":116},[73,67181,140],{"class":83},[73,67183,2982],{"class":116},[73,67185,140],{"class":83},[73,67187,2988],{"class":116},[73,67189,924],{"class":83},[403,67191,67193],{"id":67192},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,67195,67196,67197,67199],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,67198,54507],{}," places the item before that position.",[64,67201,67203],{"className":66,"code":67202,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,67204,67205,67237,67261],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67206,67207,67209,67211,67213,67215,67217,67219,67221,67223,67225,67227,67229,67231,67233,67235],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67208,36597],{"class":216},[73,67210,221],{"class":220},[73,67212,891],{"class":83},[73,67214,94],{"class":93},[73,67216,646],{"class":97},[73,67218,94],{"class":93},[73,67220,140],{"class":83},[73,67222,224],{"class":93},[73,67224,5274],{"class":97},[73,67226,94],{"class":93},[73,67228,140],{"class":83},[73,67230,224],{"class":93},[73,67232,19280],{"class":97},[73,67234,94],{"class":93},[73,67236,924],{"class":83},[73,67238,67239,67241,67243,67245,67247,67249,67251,67253,67255,67257,67259],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,67240,36650],{"class":216},[73,67242,653],{"class":83},[73,67244,54190],{"class":245},[73,67246,84],{"class":83},[73,67248,746],{"class":220},[73,67250,2397],{"class":116},[73,67252,140],{"class":83},[73,67254,224],{"class":93},[73,67256,10245],{"class":97},[73,67258,94],{"class":93},[73,67260,249],{"class":83},[73,67262,67263,67265,67267,67269],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,67264,80],{"class":79},[73,67266,84],{"class":83},[73,67268,36650],{"class":245},[73,67270,249],{"class":83},[20,67272,148],{},[64,67274,67276],{"className":66,"code":67275,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,67277,67278],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67279,67280,67282,67284,67286,67288,67290,67292,67294,67296,67298,67300,67302,67304,67306,67308,67310,67312],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67281,4410],{"class":83},[73,67283,343],{"class":93},[73,67285,646],{"class":97},[73,67287,343],{"class":93},[73,67289,140],{"class":83},[73,67291,337],{"class":93},[73,67293,5274],{"class":97},[73,67295,343],{"class":93},[73,67297,140],{"class":83},[73,67299,337],{"class":93},[73,67301,10245],{"class":97},[73,67303,343],{"class":93},[73,67305,140],{"class":83},[73,67307,337],{"class":93},[73,67309,19280],{"class":97},[73,67311,343],{"class":93},[73,67313,924],{"class":83},[20,67315,67316,67317,2838],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[646,67318,67319],{"href":51217},"Python lists beginner guide",[59,67321,67323,11092,67325],{"id":67322},"insert-vs-append",[15,67324,54507],{},[15,67326,52891],{},[20,67328,67329],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[403,67331,171,67333,11108],{"id":67332},"use-insert-when",[15,67334,54507],{},[33,67336,67337,67340],{},[36,67338,67339],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[36,67341,67342],{},"The order of the list matters",[403,67344,171,67346,11108],{"id":67345},"use-append-when",[15,67347,52891],{},[33,67349,67350,67353],{},[36,67351,67352],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[36,67354,67355],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,67357,206],{},[64,67359,67361],{"className":66,"code":67360,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,67362,67363,67387,67391,67413,67423,67427,67445],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67364,67365,67367,67369,67371,67373,67375,67377,67379,67381,67383,67385],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67366,8289],{"class":216},[73,67368,221],{"class":220},[73,67370,891],{"class":83},[73,67372,94],{"class":93},[73,67374,4590],{"class":97},[73,67376,94],{"class":93},[73,67378,140],{"class":83},[73,67380,224],{"class":93},[73,67382,33727],{"class":97},[73,67384,94],{"class":93},[73,67386,924],{"class":83},[73,67388,67389],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,67390,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,67392,67393,67395,67397,67399,67401,67403,67405,67407,67409,67411],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,67394,8320],{"class":216},[73,67396,653],{"class":83},[73,67398,54190],{"class":245},[73,67400,84],{"class":83},[73,67402,2397],{"class":116},[73,67404,140],{"class":83},[73,67406,224],{"class":93},[73,67408,4599],{"class":97},[73,67410,94],{"class":93},[73,67412,249],{"class":83},[73,67414,67415,67417,67419,67421],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,67416,80],{"class":79},[73,67418,84],{"class":83},[73,67420,8320],{"class":245},[73,67422,249],{"class":83},[73,67424,67425],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,67426,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,67428,67429,67431,67433,67435,67437,67439,67441,67443],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,67430,8320],{"class":216},[73,67432,653],{"class":83},[73,67434,14064],{"class":245},[73,67436,84],{"class":83},[73,67438,94],{"class":93},[73,67440,23042],{"class":97},[73,67442,94],{"class":93},[73,67444,249],{"class":83},[73,67446,67447,67449,67451,67453],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,67448,80],{"class":79},[73,67450,84],{"class":83},[73,67452,8320],{"class":245},[73,67454,249],{"class":83},[20,67456,148],{},[64,67458,67460],{"className":66,"code":67459,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67461,67462,67490],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67463,67464,67466,67468,67470,67472,67474,67476,67478,67480,67482,67484,67486,67488],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67465,4410],{"class":83},[73,67467,343],{"class":93},[73,67469,4590],{"class":97},[73,67471,343],{"class":93},[73,67473,140],{"class":83},[73,67475,337],{"class":93},[73,67477,4599],{"class":97},[73,67479,343],{"class":93},[73,67481,140],{"class":83},[73,67483,337],{"class":93},[73,67485,33727],{"class":97},[73,67487,343],{"class":93},[73,67489,924],{"class":83},[73,67491,67492,67494,67496,67498,67500,67502,67504,67506,67508,67510,67512,67514,67516,67518,67520,67522,67524],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,67493,4410],{"class":83},[73,67495,343],{"class":93},[73,67497,4590],{"class":97},[73,67499,343],{"class":93},[73,67501,140],{"class":83},[73,67503,337],{"class":93},[73,67505,4599],{"class":97},[73,67507,343],{"class":93},[73,67509,140],{"class":83},[73,67511,337],{"class":93},[73,67513,33727],{"class":97},[73,67515,343],{"class":93},[73,67517,140],{"class":83},[73,67519,337],{"class":93},[73,67521,23042],{"class":97},[73,67523,343],{"class":93},[73,67525,924],{"class":83},[20,67527,67528,67529,653],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[646,67530,55759,67531,11248],{"href":57008},[15,67532,52891],{},[20,67534,67535,67536,653],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[646,67537,53288],{"href":53287},[59,67539,5031],{"id":5030},[20,67541,2105,67542,653],{},[15,67543,54507],{},[403,67545,13106,67547],{"id":67546},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67548,54507],{},[20,67550,26200],{},[64,67552,67554],{"className":66,"code":67553,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67555,67556,67576,67598,67602,67612],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67557,67558,67560,67562,67564,67566,67568,67570,67572,67574],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67559,4134],{"class":216},[73,67561,221],{"class":220},[73,67563,891],{"class":83},[73,67565,2397],{"class":116},[73,67567,140],{"class":83},[73,67569,143],{"class":116},[73,67571,140],{"class":83},[73,67573,2982],{"class":116},[73,67575,924],{"class":83},[73,67577,67578,67580,67582,67584,67586,67588,67590,67592,67594,67596],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,67579,2766],{"class":216},[73,67581,221],{"class":220},[73,67583,4775],{"class":216},[73,67585,653],{"class":83},[73,67587,54190],{"class":245},[73,67589,84],{"class":83},[73,67591,2397],{"class":116},[73,67593,140],{"class":83},[73,67595,10703],{"class":116},[73,67597,249],{"class":83},[73,67599,67600],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,67601,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,67603,67604,67606,67608,67610],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,67605,80],{"class":79},[73,67607,84],{"class":83},[73,67609,2800],{"class":245},[73,67611,249],{"class":83},[73,67613,67614,67616,67618,67620],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,67615,80],{"class":79},[73,67617,84],{"class":83},[73,67619,4164],{"class":245},[73,67621,249],{"class":83},[20,67623,148],{},[64,67625,67627],{"className":66,"code":67626,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67628,67629,67633],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67630,67631],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67632,12319],{"class":484},[73,67634,67635,67637,67639,67641,67643,67645,67647,67649,67651],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,67636,4410],{"class":83},[73,67638,2397],{"class":116},[73,67640,140],{"class":83},[73,67642,10703],{"class":116},[73,67644,140],{"class":83},[73,67646,143],{"class":116},[73,67648,140],{"class":83},[73,67650,2982],{"class":116},[73,67652,924],{"class":83},[20,67654,67655,54392,67657,653],{},[15,67656,54507],{},[15,67658,1842],{},[20,67660,17154],{},[64,67662,67664],{"className":66,"code":67663,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67665,67666],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67667,67668,67670,67672,67674,67676,67678,67680,67682,67684,67686],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67669,56129],{"class":216},[73,67671,221],{"class":220},[73,67673,4775],{"class":216},[73,67675,653],{"class":83},[73,67677,54190],{"class":245},[73,67679,84],{"class":83},[73,67681,2397],{"class":116},[73,67683,140],{"class":83},[73,67685,10703],{"class":116},[73,67687,249],{"class":83},[20,67689,67690],{},"Right:",[64,67692,67694],{"className":66,"code":67693,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67695,67696],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67697,67698,67700,67702,67704,67706,67708,67710,67712],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67699,4164],{"class":216},[73,67701,653],{"class":83},[73,67703,54190],{"class":245},[73,67705,84],{"class":83},[73,67707,2397],{"class":116},[73,67709,140],{"class":83},[73,67711,10703],{"class":116},[73,67713,249],{"class":83},[403,67715,67717],{"id":67716},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67719,67720],{},"The correct order is:",[64,67722,67723],{"className":66,"code":66576,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,67724,67725],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67726,67727,67729,67731,67733,67735,67737,67739,67741],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67728,8848],{"class":216},[73,67730,653],{"class":83},[73,67732,54190],{"class":245},[73,67734,84],{"class":83},[73,67736,36352],{"class":245},[73,67738,140],{"class":83},[73,67740,30016],{"class":245},[73,67742,249],{"class":83},[20,67744,67745],{},"Not:",[64,67747,67749],{"className":66,"code":67748,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67750,67751],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67752,67753,67755,67757,67759,67761,67763,67765,67767],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67754,8848],{"class":216},[73,67756,653],{"class":83},[73,67758,54190],{"class":245},[73,67760,84],{"class":83},[73,67762,23820],{"class":245},[73,67764,140],{"class":83},[73,67766,36327],{"class":245},[73,67768,249],{"class":83},[20,67770,206],{},[64,67772,67773],{"className":66,"code":66618,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,67774,67775,67799,67821],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67776,67777,67779,67781,67783,67785,67787,67789,67791,67793,67795,67797],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67778,36597],{"class":216},[73,67780,221],{"class":220},[73,67782,891],{"class":83},[73,67784,94],{"class":93},[73,67786,646],{"class":97},[73,67788,94],{"class":93},[73,67790,140],{"class":83},[73,67792,224],{"class":93},[73,67794,10245],{"class":97},[73,67796,94],{"class":93},[73,67798,924],{"class":83},[73,67800,67801,67803,67805,67807,67809,67811,67813,67815,67817,67819],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,67802,36650],{"class":216},[73,67804,653],{"class":83},[73,67806,54190],{"class":245},[73,67808,84],{"class":83},[73,67810,2397],{"class":116},[73,67812,140],{"class":83},[73,67814,224],{"class":93},[73,67816,5274],{"class":97},[73,67818,94],{"class":93},[73,67820,249],{"class":83},[73,67822,67823,67825,67827,67829],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,67824,80],{"class":79},[73,67826,84],{"class":83},[73,67828,36650],{"class":245},[73,67830,249],{"class":83},[20,67832,148],{},[64,67834,67835],{"className":66,"code":43369,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,67836,67837],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67838,67839,67841,67843,67845,67847,67849,67851,67853,67855,67857,67859,67861,67863],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67840,4410],{"class":83},[73,67842,343],{"class":93},[73,67844,646],{"class":97},[73,67846,343],{"class":93},[73,67848,140],{"class":83},[73,67850,337],{"class":93},[73,67852,5274],{"class":97},[73,67854,343],{"class":93},[73,67856,140],{"class":83},[73,67858,337],{"class":93},[73,67860,10245],{"class":97},[73,67862,343],{"class":93},[73,67864,924],{"class":83},[403,67866,2300,67868,67870],{"id":67867},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67869,54507],{}," to replace an item",[20,67872,67873,67875],{},[15,67874,54507],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[64,67877,67879],{"className":66,"code":67878,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67880,67881,67901,67919],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67882,67883,67885,67887,67889,67891,67893,67895,67897,67899],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67884,4134],{"class":216},[73,67886,221],{"class":220},[73,67888,891],{"class":83},[73,67890,2397],{"class":116},[73,67892,140],{"class":83},[73,67894,143],{"class":116},[73,67896,140],{"class":83},[73,67898,2982],{"class":116},[73,67900,924],{"class":83},[73,67902,67903,67905,67907,67909,67911,67913,67915,67917],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,67904,4164],{"class":216},[73,67906,653],{"class":83},[73,67908,54190],{"class":245},[73,67910,84],{"class":83},[73,67912,2397],{"class":116},[73,67914,140],{"class":83},[73,67916,10703],{"class":116},[73,67918,249],{"class":83},[73,67920,67921,67923,67925,67927],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,67922,80],{"class":79},[73,67924,84],{"class":83},[73,67926,4164],{"class":245},[73,67928,249],{"class":83},[20,67930,148],{},[64,67932,67934],{"className":66,"code":67933,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67935,67936],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67937,67938,67940,67942,67944,67946,67948,67950,67952,67954],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67939,4410],{"class":83},[73,67941,2397],{"class":116},[73,67943,140],{"class":83},[73,67945,10703],{"class":116},[73,67947,140],{"class":83},[73,67949,143],{"class":116},[73,67951,140],{"class":83},[73,67953,2982],{"class":116},[73,67955,924],{"class":83},[20,67957,67958],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[64,67960,67962],{"className":66,"code":67961,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67963,67964,67984,67998],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,67965,67966,67968,67970,67972,67974,67976,67978,67980,67982],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,67967,4134],{"class":216},[73,67969,221],{"class":220},[73,67971,891],{"class":83},[73,67973,2397],{"class":116},[73,67975,140],{"class":83},[73,67977,143],{"class":116},[73,67979,140],{"class":83},[73,67981,2982],{"class":116},[73,67983,924],{"class":83},[73,67985,67986,67988,67990,67992,67994,67996],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,67987,4164],{"class":216},[73,67989,4410],{"class":83},[73,67991,2397],{"class":116},[73,67993,13784],{"class":83},[73,67995,13787],{"class":220},[73,67997,14640],{"class":116},[73,67999,68000,68002,68004,68006],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,68001,80],{"class":79},[73,68003,84],{"class":83},[73,68005,4164],{"class":245},[73,68007,249],{"class":83},[20,68009,148],{},[64,68011,68013],{"className":66,"code":68012,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,68014,68015],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68016,68017,68019,68021,68023,68025,68027,68029],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68018,4410],{"class":83},[73,68020,2397],{"class":116},[73,68022,140],{"class":83},[73,68024,10703],{"class":116},[73,68026,140],{"class":83},[73,68028,2982],{"class":116},[73,68030,924],{"class":83},[403,68032,68034],{"id":68033},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,68036,68037,68039],{},[15,68038,54507],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,68041,68042],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[64,68044,68046],{"className":66,"code":68045,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,68047,68048,68064,68088],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68049,68050,68052,68054,68056,68058,68060,68062],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68051,4134],{"class":216},[73,68053,221],{"class":220},[73,68055,891],{"class":83},[73,68057,2397],{"class":116},[73,68059,140],{"class":83},[73,68061,2988],{"class":116},[73,68063,924],{"class":83},[73,68065,68066,68068,68070,68072,68074,68076,68078,68080,68082,68084,68086],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,68067,4164],{"class":216},[73,68069,653],{"class":83},[73,68071,54190],{"class":245},[73,68073,84],{"class":83},[73,68075,2397],{"class":116},[73,68077,140],{"class":83},[73,68079,891],{"class":83},[73,68081,530],{"class":116},[73,68083,140],{"class":83},[73,68085,2982],{"class":116},[73,68087,4398],{"class":83},[73,68089,68090,68092,68094,68096],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,68091,80],{"class":79},[73,68093,84],{"class":83},[73,68095,4164],{"class":245},[73,68097,249],{"class":83},[20,68099,148],{},[64,68101,68103],{"className":66,"code":68102,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,68104,68105],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68106,68107,68109,68111,68113,68115,68117,68119,68121,68123,68125],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68108,4410],{"class":83},[73,68110,2397],{"class":116},[73,68112,140],{"class":83},[73,68114,891],{"class":83},[73,68116,530],{"class":116},[73,68118,140],{"class":83},[73,68120,2982],{"class":116},[73,68122,18574],{"class":83},[73,68124,2988],{"class":116},[73,68126,924],{"class":83},[20,68128,68129,68130,653],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[646,68131,55759,68132,11248],{"href":53583},[15,68133,53685],{},[403,68135,68137],{"id":68136},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,68139,9384,68140,68142],{},[15,68141,54507],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[64,68144,68146],{"className":66,"code":68145,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,68147,68148,68158,68172,68190,68204],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68149,68150,68152,68154,68156],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68151,80],{"class":79},[73,68153,84],{"class":83},[73,68155,8848],{"class":245},[73,68157,249],{"class":83},[73,68159,68160,68162,68164,68166,68168,68170],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,68161,80],{"class":79},[73,68163,84],{"class":83},[73,68165,11670],{"class":79},[73,68167,84],{"class":83},[73,68169,8848],{"class":245},[73,68171,102],{"class":83},[73,68173,68174,68176,68178,68180,68182,68184,68186,68188],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,68175,80],{"class":79},[73,68177,84],{"class":83},[73,68179,8848],{"class":245},[73,68181,653],{"class":83},[73,68183,54190],{"class":25260},[73,68185,653],{"class":83},[73,68187,34953],{"class":34960},[73,68189,249],{"class":83},[73,68191,68192,68194,68196,68198,68200,68202],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,68193,32659],{"class":79},[73,68195,84],{"class":83},[73,68197,8604],{"class":87},[73,68199,653],{"class":83},[73,68201,54190],{"class":25260},[73,68203,249],{"class":83},[73,68205,68206,68208,68210,68212],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,68207,288],{"class":87},[73,68209,84],{"class":83},[73,68211,8848],{"class":245},[73,68213,249],{"class":83},[20,68215,68216],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[33,68218,68219,68222,68225,68228],{},[36,68220,68221],{},"What is currently in the list",[36,68223,68224],{},"How long the list is",[36,68226,68227],{},"That you are working with a real list",[36,68229,68230],{},"How Python describes the method",[59,68232,1999,68234],{"id":68233},"when-to-use-insert",[15,68235,54507],{},[20,68237,171,68238,68240],{},[15,68239,54507],{}," when position matters.",[20,68242,36933],{},[33,68244,68245,68248,68251,68254],{},[36,68246,68247],{},"Ordered menus",[36,68249,68250],{},"Rankings or score lists",[36,68252,68253],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[36,68255,68256],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,68258,68259,68260,68262,68263,68265,68266,68268],{},"You usually do ",[1194,68261,1196],{}," need ",[15,68264,54507],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,68267,52891],{}," is simpler.",[20,68270,68271,68272,653],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[646,68273,57394],{"href":57393},[59,68275,2350],{"id":2349},[403,68277,2354,68279,55708],{"id":68278},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,68280,54150],{},[20,68282,68283,68284,653],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,68285,1842],{},[403,68287,68289],{"id":68288},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,68291,68292],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[403,68294,5681,68296,68298],{"id":68295},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,68297,54150],{}," add multiple items?",[20,68300,68301,68302,68304],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,68303,53685],{}," or slicing.",[403,68306,5691,68308,1647,68310,3023],{"id":68307},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,68309,54507],{},[15,68311,52891],{},[20,68313,68314,68316,68317,68319],{},[15,68315,54507],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,68318,52891],{}," adds only at the end.",[59,68321,2413],{"id":2412},[33,68323,68324,68330,68336,68340,68344,68348],{},[36,68325,68326],{},[646,68327,55759,68328,11248],{"href":57008},[15,68329,52891],{},[36,68331,68332],{},[646,68333,55759,68334,11248],{"href":53583},[15,68335,53685],{},[36,68337,68338],{},[646,68339,54517],{"href":53287},[36,68341,68342],{},[646,68343,53010],{"href":51217},[36,68345,68346],{},[646,68347,57468],{"href":57393},[36,68349,68350],{},[646,68351,2455,68352,34140],{"href":54535},[15,68353,68354],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2459,68356,68357],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":68359},[68360,68362,68363,68364,68370,68377,68386,68388,68397],{"id":66545,"depth":105,"text":68361},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5943,"depth":105,"text":5944},{"id":6298,"depth":105,"text":6299},{"id":66917,"depth":105,"text":66918,"children":68365},[68366,68367,68368,68369],{"id":66929,"depth":122,"text":66930},{"id":67020,"depth":122,"text":67021},{"id":67106,"depth":122,"text":67107},{"id":67192,"depth":122,"text":67193},{"id":67322,"depth":105,"text":68371,"children":68372},"insert() vs append()",[68373,68375],{"id":67332,"depth":122,"text":68374},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67345,"depth":122,"text":68376},"Use append() when:",{"id":5030,"depth":105,"text":5031,"children":68378},[68379,68381,68382,68384,68385],{"id":67546,"depth":122,"text":68380},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67716,"depth":122,"text":67717},{"id":67867,"depth":122,"text":68383},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":68033,"depth":122,"text":68034},{"id":68136,"depth":122,"text":68137},{"id":68233,"depth":105,"text":68387},"When to use insert()",{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":68389},[68390,68392,68393,68395],{"id":68278,"depth":122,"text":68391},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68288,"depth":122,"text":68289},{"id":68295,"depth":122,"text":68394},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68307,"depth":122,"text":68396},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66455,"description":68398},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68405,"title":68406,"body":68407,"description":69962,"extension":2511,"meta":69963,"navigation":254,"path":59213,"seo":69964,"stem":69965,"__hash__":69966},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68408,"toc":69935},[68409,68415,68424,68473,68475,68483,68489,68491,68509,68515,68520,68523,68526,68541,68543,68595,68597,68605,68613,68620,68622,68628,68693,68695,68703,68705,68724,68727,68778,68782,68787,68814,68816,68824,68827,68896,68898,68913,68919,68923,68932,68935,68990,68992,69000,69003,69005,69050,69052,69060,69066,69068,69076,69079,69081,69120,69122,69161,69166,69168,69170,69205,69208,69210,69248,69252,69258,69260,69311,69313,69321,69328,69331,69352,69355,69410,69421,69423,69484,69486,69495,69502,69508,69511,69514,69571,69574,69587,69594,69600,69606,69608,69621,69624,69721,69723,69740,69743,69825,69827,69849,69856,69862,69864,69868,69874,69880,69885,69889,69892,69898,69905,69907,69932],[10,68410,68412,68413,4177],{"id":68411},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68414,11670],{},[20,68416,68417,68418,68420,68421,68423],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68419,42855],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68422,42855],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[64,68425,68427],{"className":66,"code":68426,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68428,68429,68449,68463],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68430,68431,68433,68435,68437,68439,68441,68443,68445,68447],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68432,4134],{"class":216},[73,68434,221],{"class":220},[73,68436,891],{"class":83},[73,68438,452],{"class":116},[73,68440,140],{"class":83},[73,68442,8300],{"class":116},[73,68444,140],{"class":83},[73,68446,8305],{"class":116},[73,68448,924],{"class":83},[73,68450,68451,68453,68455,68457,68459,68461],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,68452,41743],{"class":216},[73,68454,221],{"class":220},[73,68456,38893],{"class":79},[73,68458,84],{"class":83},[73,68460,4164],{"class":245},[73,68462,249],{"class":83},[73,68464,68465,68467,68469,68471],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,68466,80],{"class":79},[73,68468,84],{"class":83},[73,68470,41761],{"class":245},[73,68472,249],{"class":83},[20,68474,148],{},[64,68476,68477],{"className":66,"code":163,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,68478,68479],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68480,68481],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68482,163],{"class":116},[20,68484,171,68485,68488],{},[15,68486,68487],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[59,68490,15672],{"id":15671},[33,68492,68493,68498,68503,68506],{},[36,68494,4710,68495,68497],{},[15,68496,42855],{}," works with Python lists",[36,68499,68500,68501,12216],{},"What value ",[15,68502,42855],{},[36,68504,68505],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[36,68507,68508],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[59,68510,178,68512,68514],{"id":68511},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68513,42855],{}," returns for a list",[20,68516,68517,65327],{},[15,68518,68519],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68521,68522],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68524,68525],{},"A few important points:",[33,68527,68528,68531,68536],{},[36,68529,68530],{},"It counts list items",[36,68532,41410,68533,68535],{},[1194,68534,1196],{}," count characters inside a string item",[36,68537,68538,68539],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68540,806],{},[20,68542,206],{},[64,68544,68546],{"className":66,"code":68545,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68547,68548,68581],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68549,68550,68552,68554,68556,68558,68560,68562,68564,68566,68569,68571,68573,68575,68577,68579],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68551,4581],{"class":216},[73,68553,221],{"class":220},[73,68555,891],{"class":83},[73,68557,94],{"class":93},[73,68559,37554],{"class":97},[73,68561,94],{"class":93},[73,68563,140],{"class":83},[73,68565,224],{"class":93},[73,68567,68568],{"class":97},"elephant",[73,68570,94],{"class":93},[73,68572,140],{"class":83},[73,68574,224],{"class":93},[73,68576,58367],{"class":97},[73,68578,94],{"class":93},[73,68580,924],{"class":83},[73,68582,68583,68585,68587,68589,68591,68593],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,68584,80],{"class":79},[73,68586,84],{"class":83},[73,68588,11670],{"class":79},[73,68590,84],{"class":83},[73,68592,4625],{"class":245},[73,68594,102],{"class":83},[20,68596,148],{},[64,68598,68599],{"className":66,"code":163,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,68600,68601],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68602,68603],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68604,163],{"class":116},[20,68606,21490,68607,68610,68611,65334],{},[15,68608,68609],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[1194,68612,52895],{},[20,68614,68615,68616,653],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[646,68617,13,68618,2422],{"href":42852},[15,68619,42855],{},[59,68621,6299],{"id":6298},[20,68623,68624,68625,68627],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68626,42855],{},", and print the result.",[64,68629,68631],{"className":66,"code":68630,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68632,68633,68665,68679,68683],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68634,68635,68637,68639,68641,68643,68645,68647,68649,68651,68653,68655,68657,68659,68661,68663],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68636,13586],{"class":216},[73,68638,221],{"class":220},[73,68640,891],{"class":83},[73,68642,94],{"class":93},[73,68644,13603],{"class":97},[73,68646,94],{"class":93},[73,68648,140],{"class":83},[73,68650,224],{"class":93},[73,68652,17967],{"class":97},[73,68654,94],{"class":93},[73,68656,140],{"class":83},[73,68658,224],{"class":93},[73,68660,13620],{"class":97},[73,68662,94],{"class":93},[73,68664,924],{"class":83},[73,68666,68667,68669,68671,68673,68675,68677],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,68668,41743],{"class":216},[73,68670,221],{"class":220},[73,68672,38893],{"class":79},[73,68674,84],{"class":83},[73,68676,18014],{"class":245},[73,68678,249],{"class":83},[73,68680,68681],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,68682,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,68684,68685,68687,68689,68691],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,68686,80],{"class":79},[73,68688,84],{"class":83},[73,68690,41761],{"class":245},[73,68692,249],{"class":83},[20,68694,148],{},[64,68696,68697],{"className":66,"code":163,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,68698,68699],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68700,68701],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68702,163],{"class":116},[20,68704,12194],{},[33,68706,68707,68712,68719],{},[36,68708,68709,68711],{},[15,68710,18014],{}," is a list with 3 items",[36,68713,68714,2928,68717],{},[15,68715,68716],{},"len(colors)",[15,68718,1304],{},[36,68720,68721,68722],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68723,41761],{},[20,68725,68726],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[64,68728,68730],{"className":66,"code":68729,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68731,68732,68764],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68733,68734,68736,68738,68740,68742,68744,68746,68748,68750,68752,68754,68756,68758,68760,68762],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68735,13586],{"class":216},[73,68737,221],{"class":220},[73,68739,891],{"class":83},[73,68741,94],{"class":93},[73,68743,13603],{"class":97},[73,68745,94],{"class":93},[73,68747,140],{"class":83},[73,68749,224],{"class":93},[73,68751,17967],{"class":97},[73,68753,94],{"class":93},[73,68755,140],{"class":83},[73,68757,224],{"class":93},[73,68759,13620],{"class":97},[73,68761,94],{"class":93},[73,68763,924],{"class":83},[73,68765,68766,68768,68770,68772,68774,68776],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,68767,80],{"class":79},[73,68769,84],{"class":83},[73,68771,11670],{"class":79},[73,68773,84],{"class":83},[73,68775,18014],{"class":245},[73,68777,102],{"class":83},[59,68779,68781],{"id":68780},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68783,68784,68785,653],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68786,806],{},[64,68788,68790],{"className":66,"code":68789,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68791,68792,68800],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68793,68794,68796,68798],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68795,8289],{"class":216},[73,68797,221],{"class":220},[73,68799,8349],{"class":83},[73,68801,68802,68804,68806,68808,68810,68812],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,68803,80],{"class":79},[73,68805,84],{"class":83},[73,68807,11670],{"class":79},[73,68809,84],{"class":83},[73,68811,8320],{"class":245},[73,68813,102],{"class":83},[20,68815,148],{},[64,68817,68818],{"className":66,"code":860,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,68819,68820],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68821,68822],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68823,860],{"class":116},[20,68825,68826],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[64,68828,68830],{"className":66,"code":68829,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68831,68832,68840,68844,68862,68876,68882],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68833,68834,68836,68838],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68835,8289],{"class":216},[73,68837,221],{"class":220},[73,68839,8349],{"class":83},[73,68841,68842],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,68843,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,68845,68846,68848,68850,68852,68854,68856,68858,68860],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,68847,7507],{"class":933},[73,68849,38893],{"class":79},[73,68851,84],{"class":83},[73,68853,8320],{"class":245},[73,68855,4177],{"class":83},[73,68857,38903],{"class":220},[73,68859,4345],{"class":116},[73,68861,946],{"class":83},[73,68863,68864,68866,68868,68870,68872,68874],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,68865,1676],{"class":79},[73,68867,84],{"class":83},[73,68869,8320],{"class":245},[73,68871,4410],{"class":83},[73,68873,806],{"class":116},[73,68875,4398],{"class":83},[73,68877,68878,68880],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,68879,27944],{"class":933},[73,68881,946],{"class":83},[73,68883,68884,68886,68888,68890,68892,68894],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,68885,1676],{"class":79},[73,68887,84],{"class":83},[73,68889,94],{"class":93},[73,68891,52054],{"class":97},[73,68893,94],{"class":93},[73,68895,249],{"class":83},[20,68897,148],{},[64,68899,68901],{"className":66,"code":68900,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"The list is empty\n",[15,68902,68903],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68904,68905,68907,68909,68911],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68906,1580],{"class":216},[73,68908,8604],{"class":87},[73,68910,8607],{"class":220},[73,68912,8612],{"class":216},[20,68914,68915,68916,68918],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[646,68917,53010],{"href":51217}," is a good next step.",[59,68920,68922],{"id":68921},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68924,68925,68927,68928,68931],{},[15,68926,42855],{}," counts only the ",[1194,68929,68930],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68933,68934],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[64,68936,68938],{"className":66,"code":68937,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68939,68940,68976],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68941,68942,68944,68946,68948,68950,68952,68954,68956,68958,68960,68962,68964,68966,68968,68970,68972,68974],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68943,9672],{"class":216},[73,68945,221],{"class":220},[73,68947,56533],{"class":83},[73,68949,2397],{"class":116},[73,68951,140],{"class":83},[73,68953,143],{"class":116},[73,68955,18574],{"class":83},[73,68957,891],{"class":83},[73,68959,1304],{"class":116},[73,68961,140],{"class":83},[73,68963,2988],{"class":116},[73,68965,18574],{"class":83},[73,68967,891],{"class":83},[73,68969,688],{"class":116},[73,68971,140],{"class":83},[73,68973,38150],{"class":116},[73,68975,53481],{"class":83},[73,68977,68978,68980,68982,68984,68986,68988],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,68979,80],{"class":79},[73,68981,84],{"class":83},[73,68983,11670],{"class":79},[73,68985,84],{"class":83},[73,68987,9710],{"class":245},[73,68989,102],{"class":83},[20,68991,148],{},[64,68993,68994],{"className":66,"code":163,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,68995,68996],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,68997,68998],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,68999,163],{"class":116},[20,69001,69002],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,69004,52318],{},[64,69006,69008],{"className":66,"code":69007,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,69009,69010,69036],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,69011,69012,69014,69016,69018,69020,69022,69024,69026,69028,69030,69032,69034],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,69013,59713],{"class":216},[73,69015,221],{"class":220},[73,69017,891],{"class":83},[73,69019,2397],{"class":116},[73,69021,140],{"class":83},[73,69023,891],{"class":83},[73,69025,530],{"class":116},[73,69027,140],{"class":83},[73,69029,2982],{"class":116},[73,69031,18574],{"class":83},[73,69033,2988],{"class":116},[73,69035,924],{"class":83},[73,69037,69038,69040,69042,69044,69046,69048],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,69039,80],{"class":79},[73,69041,84],{"class":83},[73,69043,11670],{"class":79},[73,69045,84],{"class":83},[73,69047,59766],{"class":245},[73,69049,102],{"class":83},[20,69051,148],{},[64,69053,69054],{"className":66,"code":163,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,69055,69056],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,69057,69058],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,69059,163],{"class":116},[20,69061,21490,69062,69065],{},[15,69063,69064],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[59,69067,5031],{"id":5030},[403,69069,657,69071,11600,69074],{"id":69070},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,69072,69073],{},"my_list.len()",[15,69075,68519],{},[20,69077,69078],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,69080,17154],{},[64,69082,69084],{"className":66,"code":69083,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,69085,69086,69106],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,69087,69088,69090,69092,69094,69096,69098,69100,69102,69104],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,69089,4134],{"class":216},[73,69091,221],{"class":220},[73,69093,891],{"class":83},[73,69095,452],{"class":116},[73,69097,140],{"class":83},[73,69099,8300],{"class":116},[73,69101,140],{"class":83},[73,69103,8305],{"class":116},[73,69105,924],{"class":83},[73,69107,69108,69110,69112,69114,69116,69118],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,69109,80],{"class":79},[73,69111,84],{"class":83},[73,69113,4164],{"class":245},[73,69115,653],{"class":83},[73,69117,11670],{"class":245},[73,69119,7704],{"class":83},[20,69121,17166],{},[64,69123,69125],{"className":66,"code":69124,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,69126,69127,69147],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,69128,69129,69131,69133,69135,69137,69139,69141,69143,69145],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,69130,4134],{"class":216},[73,69132,221],{"class":220},[73,69134,891],{"class":83},[73,69136,452],{"class":116},[73,69138,140],{"class":83},[73,69140,8300],{"class":116},[73,69142,140],{"class":83},[73,69144,8305],{"class":116},[73,69146,924],{"class":83},[73,69148,69149,69151,69153,69155,69157,69159],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,69150,80],{"class":79},[73,69152,84],{"class":83},[73,69154,11670],{"class":79},[73,69156,84],{"class":83},[73,69158,4164],{"class":245},[73,69160,102],{"class":83},[20,69162,69163,69165],{},[15,69164,42855],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[403,69167,26197],{"id":26196},[20,69169,17154],{},[64,69171,69173],{"className":66,"code":69172,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,69174,69175,69195],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,69176,69177,69179,69181,69183,69185,69187,69189,69191,69193],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,69178,4134],{"class":216},[73,69180,221],{"class":220},[73,69182,891],{"class":83},[73,69184,452],{"class":116},[73,69186,140],{"class":83},[73,69188,8300],{"class":116},[73,69190,140],{"class":83},[73,69192,8305],{"class":116},[73,69194,924],{"class":83},[73,69196,69197,69199,69201,69203],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,69198,80],{"class":79},[73,69200,84],{"class":83},[73,69202,11670],{"class":79},[73,69204,249],{"class":83},[20,69206,69207],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,69209,17166],{},[64,69211,69212],{"className":66,"code":69124,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,69213,69214,69234],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,69215,69216,69218,69220,69222,69224,69226,69228,69230,69232],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,69217,4134],{"class":216},[73,69219,221],{"class":220},[73,69221,891],{"class":83},[73,69223,452],{"class":116},[73,69225,140],{"class":83},[73,69227,8300],{"class":116},[73,69229,140],{"class":83},[73,69231,8305],{"class":116},[73,69233,924],{"class":83},[73,69235,69236,69238,69240,69242,69244,69246],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,69237,80],{"class":79},[73,69239,84],{"class":83},[73,69241,11670],{"class":79},[73,69243,84],{"class":83},[73,69245,4164],{"class":245},[73,69247,102],{"class":83},[403,69249,69251],{"id":69250},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,69253,69254,69255,69257],{},"The length of a list is ",[1194,69256,1196],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,69259,206],{},[64,69261,69263],{"className":66,"code":69262,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,69264,69265,69297],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,69266,69267,69269,69271,69273,69275,69277,69279,69281,69283,69285,69287,69289,69291,69293,69295],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,69268,36597],{"class":216},[73,69270,221],{"class":220},[73,69272,891],{"class":83},[73,69274,94],{"class":93},[73,69276,646],{"class":97},[73,69278,94],{"class":93},[73,69280,140],{"class":83},[73,69282,224],{"class":93},[73,69284,5274],{"class":97},[73,69286,94],{"class":93},[73,69288,140],{"class":83},[73,69290,224],{"class":93},[73,69292,10245],{"class":97},[73,69294,94],{"class":93},[73,69296,924],{"class":83},[73,69298,69299,69301,69303,69305,69307,69309],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,69300,80],{"class":79},[73,69302,84],{"class":83},[73,69304,11670],{"class":79},[73,69306,84],{"class":83},[73,69308,36650],{"class":245},[73,69310,102],{"class":83},[20,69312,148],{},[64,69314,69315],{"className":66,"code":163,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,69316,69317],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,69318,69319],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,69320,163],{"class":116},[20,69322,69323,69324,19475,69326,653],{},"But the last index is ",[15,69325,530],{},[15,69327,1304],{},[20,69329,69330],{},"Indexes are:",[33,69332,69333,69340,69346],{},[36,69334,69335,69337,69338],{},[15,69336,806],{}," for ",[15,69339,18608],{},[36,69341,69342,69337,69344],{},[15,69343,2397],{},[15,69345,65837],{},[36,69347,69348,69337,69350],{},[15,69349,530],{},[15,69351,66723],{},[20,69353,69354],{},"So this causes an error:",[64,69356,69358],{"className":66,"code":69357,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,69359,69360,69392],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,69361,69362,69364,69366,69368,69370,69372,69374,69376,69378,69380,69382,69384,69386,69388,69390],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,69363,36597],{"class":216},[73,69365,221],{"class":220},[73,69367,891],{"class":83},[73,69369,94],{"class":93},[73,69371,646],{"class":97},[73,69373,94],{"class":93},[73,69375,140],{"class":83},[73,69377,224],{"class":93},[73,69379,5274],{"class":97},[73,69381,94],{"class":93},[73,69383,140],{"class":83},[73,69385,224],{"class":93},[73,69387,10245],{"class":97},[73,69389,94],{"class":93},[73,69391,924],{"class":83},[73,69393,69394,69396,69398,69400,69402,69404,69406,69408],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,69395,80],{"class":79},[73,69397,84],{"class":83},[73,69399,36650],{"class":245},[73,69401,4410],{"class":83},[73,69403,11670],{"class":79},[73,69405,84],{"class":83},[73,69407,36650],{"class":245},[73,69409,11186],{"class":83},[20,69411,9004,69412,5297,69415,69417,69418,69420],{},[15,69413,69414],{},"len(letters)",[15,69416,1304],{},", and index ",[15,69419,1304],{}," does not exist.",[20,69422,2133],{},[64,69424,69426],{"className":66,"code":69425,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69427,69428,69460],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,69429,69430,69432,69434,69436,69438,69440,69442,69444,69446,69448,69450,69452,69454,69456,69458],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,69431,36597],{"class":216},[73,69433,221],{"class":220},[73,69435,891],{"class":83},[73,69437,94],{"class":93},[73,69439,646],{"class":97},[73,69441,94],{"class":93},[73,69443,140],{"class":83},[73,69445,224],{"class":93},[73,69447,5274],{"class":97},[73,69449,94],{"class":93},[73,69451,140],{"class":83},[73,69453,224],{"class":93},[73,69455,10245],{"class":97},[73,69457,94],{"class":93},[73,69459,924],{"class":83},[73,69461,69462,69464,69466,69468,69470,69472,69474,69476,69478,69480,69482],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,69463,80],{"class":79},[73,69465,84],{"class":83},[73,69467,36650],{"class":245},[73,69469,4410],{"class":83},[73,69471,11670],{"class":79},[73,69473,84],{"class":83},[73,69475,36650],{"class":245},[73,69477,4177],{"class":83},[73,69479,2759],{"class":220},[73,69481,2085],{"class":116},[73,69483,4398],{"class":83},[20,69485,148],{},[64,69487,69489],{"className":66,"code":69488,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"c\n",[15,69490,69491],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,69492,69493],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,69494,69488],{"class":216},[20,69496,69497,69498,653],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[646,69499,69501],{"href":69500},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[403,69503,657,69505,69507],{"id":69504},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69506,42855],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69509,69510],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69512,69513],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[64,69515,69517],{"className":66,"code":69516,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69518,69519,69529,69543,69557],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,69520,69521,69523,69525,69527],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,69522,80],{"class":79},[73,69524,84],{"class":83},[73,69526,8848],{"class":245},[73,69528,249],{"class":83},[73,69530,69531,69533,69535,69537,69539,69541],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,69532,80],{"class":79},[73,69534,84],{"class":83},[73,69536,11670],{"class":79},[73,69538,84],{"class":83},[73,69540,8848],{"class":245},[73,69542,102],{"class":83},[73,69544,69545,69547,69549,69551,69553,69555],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,69546,80],{"class":79},[73,69548,84],{"class":83},[73,69550,288],{"class":87},[73,69552,84],{"class":83},[73,69554,8848],{"class":245},[73,69556,102],{"class":83},[73,69558,69559,69561,69563,69565,69567,69569],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,69560,80],{"class":79},[73,69562,84],{"class":83},[73,69564,8848],{"class":245},[73,69566,4410],{"class":83},[73,69568,806],{"class":116},[73,69570,4398],{"class":83},[20,69572,69573],{},"These help you verify:",[33,69575,69576,69579,69581,69584],{},[36,69577,69578],{},"what the variable contains",[36,69580,61025],{},[36,69582,69583],{},"whether it is really a list",[36,69585,69586],{},"what the first item is",[20,69588,69589,69590,69593],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69591,69592],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[59,69595,1999,69597,69599],{"id":69596},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69598,42855],{}," with lists",[20,69601,69602,69603,69605],{},"You will often use ",[15,69604,42855],{}," in real programs.",[20,69607,9879],{},[33,69609,69610,69612,69615,69618],{},[36,69611,52008],{},[36,69613,69614],{},"Control loops",[36,69616,69617],{},"Validate input or results",[36,69619,69620],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69622,69623],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[64,69625,69627],{"className":66,"code":69626,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69628,69629,69649,69665,69669,69683,69697],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,69630,69631,69633,69635,69637,69639,69641,69643,69645,69647],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,69632,3086],{"class":216},[73,69634,221],{"class":220},[73,69636,891],{"class":83},[73,69638,2397],{"class":116},[73,69640,140],{"class":83},[73,69642,143],{"class":116},[73,69644,140],{"class":83},[73,69646,2982],{"class":116},[73,69648,924],{"class":83},[73,69650,69651,69653,69655,69657,69659,69661,69663],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,69652,3114],{"class":216},[73,69654,221],{"class":220},[73,69656,891],{"class":83},[73,69658,452],{"class":116},[73,69660,140],{"class":83},[73,69662,8300],{"class":116},[73,69664,924],{"class":83},[73,69666,69667],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,69668,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,69670,69671,69673,69675,69677,69679,69681],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,69672,80],{"class":79},[73,69674,84],{"class":83},[73,69676,11670],{"class":79},[73,69678,84],{"class":83},[73,69680,646],{"class":245},[73,69682,102],{"class":83},[73,69684,69685,69687,69689,69691,69693,69695],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,69686,80],{"class":79},[73,69688,84],{"class":83},[73,69690,11670],{"class":79},[73,69692,84],{"class":83},[73,69694,5274],{"class":245},[73,69696,102],{"class":83},[73,69698,69699,69701,69703,69705,69707,69709,69711,69713,69715,69717,69719],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,69700,80],{"class":79},[73,69702,84],{"class":83},[73,69704,11670],{"class":79},[73,69706,84],{"class":83},[73,69708,646],{"class":245},[73,69710,4177],{"class":83},[73,69712,38903],{"class":220},[73,69714,38893],{"class":79},[73,69716,84],{"class":83},[73,69718,5274],{"class":245},[73,69720,102],{"class":83},[20,69722,148],{},[64,69724,69726],{"className":66,"code":69725,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69727,69728,69732,69736],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,69729,69730],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,69731,163],{"class":116},[73,69733,69734],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,69735,17567],{"class":116},[73,69737,69738],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,69739,4490],{"class":484},[20,69741,69742],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[64,69744,69746],{"className":66,"code":69745,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69747,69748,69780,69784,69806],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,69749,69750,69752,69754,69756,69758,69760,69762,69764,69766,69768,69770,69772,69774,69776,69778],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,69751,5508],{"class":216},[73,69753,221],{"class":220},[73,69755,891],{"class":83},[73,69757,94],{"class":93},[73,69759,13391],{"class":97},[73,69761,94],{"class":93},[73,69763,140],{"class":83},[73,69765,224],{"class":93},[73,69767,36447],{"class":97},[73,69769,94],{"class":93},[73,69771,140],{"class":83},[73,69773,224],{"class":93},[73,69775,36456],{"class":97},[73,69777,94],{"class":93},[73,69779,924],{"class":83},[73,69781,69782],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,69783,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,69785,69786,69788,69791,69793,69795,69797,69799,69801,69803],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,69787,934],{"class":933},[73,69789,69790],{"class":216}," i ",[73,69792,940],{"class":933},[73,69794,54309],{"class":79},[73,69796,84],{"class":83},[73,69798,11670],{"class":79},[73,69800,84],{"class":83},[73,69802,5552],{"class":245},[73,69804,69805],{"class":83},")):\n",[73,69807,69808,69810,69812,69814,69816,69819,69821,69823],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,69809,1676],{"class":79},[73,69811,84],{"class":83},[73,69813,36661],{"class":245},[73,69815,140],{"class":83},[73,69817,69818],{"class":245}," names",[73,69820,4410],{"class":83},[73,69822,36661],{"class":245},[73,69824,4398],{"class":83},[20,69826,148],{},[64,69828,69829],{"className":66,"code":36505,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,69830,69831,69837,69843],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,69832,69833,69835],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,69834,806],{"class":116},[73,69836,36514],{"class":216},[73,69838,69839,69841],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,69840,2397],{"class":116},[73,69842,36521],{"class":216},[73,69844,69845,69847],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,69846,530],{"class":116},[73,69848,36528],{"class":216},[20,69850,69851,69852,653],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[646,69853,69855],{"href":69854},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69857,69858,69859,69861],{},"You can also read ",[646,69860,51785],{"href":51784}," for a task-focused guide.",[59,69863,2350],{"id":2349},[403,69865,69867],{"id":69866},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69869,171,69870,69873],{},[15,69871,69872],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[403,69875,2387,69877,2391],{"id":69876},"what-does-len-return",[15,69878,69879],{},"len([])",[20,69881,2394,69882,69884],{},[15,69883,806],{}," because the list is empty.",[403,69886,69888],{"id":69887},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69890,69891],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[403,69893,28838,69895,69897],{"id":69894},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69896,69073],{}," in Python?",[20,69899,30777,69900,8731,69902,69904],{},[15,69901,68519],{},[15,69903,42855],{}," is a built-in function.",[59,69906,2413],{"id":2412},[33,69908,69909,69915,69919,69923,69927],{},[36,69910,69911],{},[646,69912,13,69913,2422],{"href":42852},[15,69914,42855],{},[36,69916,69917],{},[646,69918,52829],{"href":51784},[36,69920,69921],{},[646,69922,53010],{"href":51217},[36,69924,69925],{},[646,69926,69501],{"href":69500},[36,69928,69929],{},[646,69930,69931],{"href":69854},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2459,69933,69934],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":69936},[69937,69938,69940,69941,69942,69943,69951,69953,69961],{"id":15671,"depth":105,"text":15672},{"id":68511,"depth":105,"text":69939},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":6298,"depth":105,"text":6299},{"id":68780,"depth":105,"text":68781},{"id":68921,"depth":105,"text":68922},{"id":5030,"depth":105,"text":5031,"children":69944},[69945,69947,69948,69949],{"id":69070,"depth":122,"text":69946},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":26196,"depth":122,"text":26197},{"id":69250,"depth":122,"text":69251},{"id":69504,"depth":122,"text":69950},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69596,"depth":105,"text":69952},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":69954},[69955,69956,69958,69959],{"id":69866,"depth":122,"text":69867},{"id":69876,"depth":122,"text":69957},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69887,"depth":122,"text":69888},{"id":69894,"depth":122,"text":69960},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68406,"description":69962},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69968,"title":69969,"body":69970,"description":71952,"extension":2511,"meta":71953,"navigation":254,"path":71954,"seo":71955,"stem":71956,"__hash__":71957},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69971,"toc":71925},[69972,69975,69980,69983,69991,70004,70006,70071,70073,70095,70100,70104,70109,70117,70119,70129,70131,70212,70214,70244,70246,70265,70270,70287,70289,70373,70375,70405,70410,70414,70420,70504,70506,70536,70539,70543,70546,70637,70639,70677,70680,70765,70767,70797,70803,70810,70814,70819,70828,70830,70915,70917,70946,70949,70957,70961,70965,70974,70997,70999,71021,71023,71037,71039,71099,71103,71108,71147,71149,71166,71168,71178,71277,71282,71286,71291,71334,71336,71364,71366,71380,71455,71457,71479,71483,71486,71491,71502,71507,71515,71518,71589,71591,71616,71673,71675,71696,71705,71713,71718,71720,71725,71746,71749,71824,71827,71841,71848,71850,71854,71860,71864,71874,71878,71885,71889,71895,71897,71922],[10,69973,69969],{"id":69974},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69976,69977,69979],{},[15,69978,55321],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69981,69982],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[33,69984,69985,69988],{},[36,69986,69987],{},"delete an item from a list",[36,69989,69990],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69992,69993,69994,69996,69997,9213,69999,70003],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69995,13273],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69998,13273],{},[646,70000,70001],{"href":55311},[15,70002,55768],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[59,70005,62],{"id":61},[64,70007,70009],{"className":66,"code":70008,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70010,70011,70031,70046,70050,70061],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,70012,70013,70015,70017,70019,70021,70023,70025,70027,70029],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,70014,4134],{"class":216},[73,70016,221],{"class":220},[73,70018,891],{"class":83},[73,70020,452],{"class":116},[73,70022,140],{"class":83},[73,70024,8300],{"class":116},[73,70026,140],{"class":83},[73,70028,8305],{"class":116},[73,70030,924],{"class":83},[73,70032,70033,70036,70038,70040,70042,70044],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,70034,70035],{"class":216},"last_item ",[73,70037,221],{"class":220},[73,70039,4775],{"class":216},[73,70041,653],{"class":83},[73,70043,26751],{"class":245},[73,70045,9151],{"class":83},[73,70047,70048],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,70049,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,70051,70052,70054,70056,70059],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,70053,80],{"class":79},[73,70055,84],{"class":83},[73,70057,70058],{"class":245},"last_item",[73,70060,249],{"class":83},[73,70062,70063,70065,70067,70069],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,70064,80],{"class":79},[73,70066,84],{"class":83},[73,70068,4164],{"class":245},[73,70070,249],{"class":83},[20,70072,148],{},[64,70074,70076],{"className":66,"code":70075,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,70077,70078,70083],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,70079,70080],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,70081,70082],{"class":116},"30\n",[73,70084,70085,70087,70089,70091,70093],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,70086,4410],{"class":83},[73,70088,452],{"class":116},[73,70090,140],{"class":83},[73,70092,8300],{"class":116},[73,70094,924],{"class":83},[20,70096,171,70097,70099],{},[15,70098,13273],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[59,70101,70103],{"id":70102},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,70105,70106,70108],{},[15,70107,13273],{}," has two main jobs:",[33,70110,70111,70114],{},[36,70112,70113],{},"It removes one item from a list",[36,70115,70116],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,70118,44142],{},[33,70120,70121,70124,70127],{},[36,70122,70123],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[36,70125,70126],{},"It changes the original list",[36,70128,52984],{},[20,70130,206],{},[64,70132,70134],{"className":66,"code":70133,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,70135,70136,70168,70172,70187,70191,70202],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,70137,70138,70140,70142,70144,70146,70148,70150,70152,70154,70156,70158,70160,70162,70164,70166],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,70139,13586],{"class":216},[73,70141,221],{"class":220},[73,70143,891],{"class":83},[73,70145,94],{"class":93},[73,70147,13603],{"class":97},[73,70149,94],{"class":93},[73,70151,140],{"class":83},[73,70153,224],{"class":93},[73,70155,17967],{"class":97},[73,70157,94],{"class":93},[73,70159,140],{"class":83},[73,70161,224],{"class":93},[73,70163,13620],{"class":97},[73,70165,94],{"class":93},[73,70167,924],{"class":83},[73,70169,70170],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,70171,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,70173,70174,70177,70179,70181,70183,70185],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,70175,70176],{"class":216},"removed ",[73,70178,221],{"class":220},[73,70180,13634],{"class":216},[73,70182,653],{"class":83},[73,70184,26751],{"class":245},[73,70186,9151],{"class":83},[73,70188,70189],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,70190,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,70192,70193,70195,70197,70200],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,70194,80],{"class":79},[73,70196,84],{"class":83},[73,70198,70199],{"class":245},"removed",[73,70201,249],{"class":83},[73,70203,70204,70206,70208,70210],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,70205,80],{"class":79},[73,70207,84],{"class":83},[73,70209,18014],{"class":245},[73,70211,249],{"class":83},[20,70213,148],{},[64,70215,70217],{"className":66,"code":70216,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,70218,70219,70224],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,70220,70221],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,70222,70223],{"class":216},"blue\n",[73,70225,70226,70228,70230,70232,70234,70236,70238,70240,70242],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,70227,4410],{"class":83},[73,70229,343],{"class":93},[73,70231,13603],{"class":97},[73,70233,343],{"class":93},[73,70235,140],{"class":83},[73,70237,337],{"class":93},[73,70239,17967],{"class":97},[73,70241,343],{"class":93},[73,70243,924],{"class":83},[59,70245,370],{"id":369},[64,70247,70249],{"className":66,"code":70248,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,70250,70251],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,70252,70253,70255,70257,70259,70261,70263],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,70254,8604],{"class":87},[73,70256,653],{"class":83},[73,70258,26751],{"class":245},[73,70260,3510],{"class":83},[73,70262,36352],{"class":245},[73,70264,4398],{"class":83},[20,70266,1580,70267,70269],{},[15,70268,36352],{}," is optional.",[33,70271,70272,70278,70284],{},[36,70273,70274,70275,70277],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,70276,13273],{}," removes the last item",[36,70279,70280,70281,70283],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,70282,13273],{}," removes the item at that position",[36,70285,70286],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,70288,206],{},[64,70290,70292],{"className":66,"code":70291,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,70293,70294,70326,70330,70349,70353,70363],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,70295,70296,70298,70300,70302,70304,70306,70308,70310,70312,70314,70316,70318,70320,70322,70324],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,70297,36597],{"class":216},[73,70299,221],{"class":220},[73,70301,891],{"class":83},[73,70303,94],{"class":93},[73,70305,646],{"class":97},[73,70307,94],{"class":93},[73,70309,140],{"class":83},[73,70311,224],{"class":93},[73,70313,5274],{"class":97},[73,70315,94],{"class":93},[73,70317,140],{"class":83},[73,70319,224],{"class":93},[73,70321,10245],{"class":97},[73,70323,94],{"class":93},[73,70325,924],{"class":83},[73,70327,70328],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,70329,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,70331,70332,70334,70336,70339,70341,70343,70345,70347],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,70333,29048],{"class":216},[73,70335,221],{"class":220},[73,70337,70338],{"class":216}," letters",[73,70340,653],{"class":83},[73,70342,26751],{"class":245},[73,70344,84],{"class":83},[73,70346,2397],{"class":116},[73,70348,249],{"class":83},[73,70350,70351],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,70352,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,70354,70355,70357,70359,70361],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,70356,80],{"class":79},[73,70358,84],{"class":83},[73,70360,23820],{"class":245},[73,70362,249],{"class":83},[73,70364,70365,70367,70369,70371],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,70366,80],{"class":79},[73,70368,84],{"class":83},[73,70370,36650],{"class":245},[73,70372,249],{"class":83},[20,70374,148],{},[64,70376,70378],{"className":66,"code":70377,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70379,70380,70385],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,70381,70382],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,70383,70384],{"class":216},"b\n",[73,70386,70387,70389,70391,70393,70395,70397,70399,70401,70403],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,70388,4410],{"class":83},[73,70390,343],{"class":93},[73,70392,646],{"class":97},[73,70394,343],{"class":93},[73,70396,140],{"class":83},[73,70398,337],{"class":93},[73,70400,10245],{"class":97},[73,70402,343],{"class":93},[73,70404,924],{"class":83},[20,70406,70407,70408,653],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[646,70409,53010],{"href":51217},[59,70411,70413],{"id":70412},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,70415,70416,70417,70419],{},"When you call ",[15,70418,13273],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[64,70421,70423],{"className":66,"code":70422,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70424,70425,70460,70464,70479,70483,70494],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,70426,70427,70429,70431,70433,70435,70438,70440,70442,70444,70447,70449,70451,70453,70456,70458],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,70428,30404],{"class":216},[73,70430,221],{"class":220},[73,70432,891],{"class":83},[73,70434,94],{"class":93},[73,70436,70437],{"class":97},"write",[73,70439,94],{"class":93},[73,70441,140],{"class":83},[73,70443,224],{"class":93},[73,70445,70446],{"class":97},"test",[73,70448,94],{"class":93},[73,70450,140],{"class":83},[73,70452,224],{"class":93},[73,70454,70455],{"class":97},"submit",[73,70457,94],{"class":93},[73,70459,924],{"class":83},[73,70461,70462],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,70463,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,70465,70466,70469,70471,70473,70475,70477],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,70467,70468],{"class":216},"last_task ",[73,70470,221],{"class":220},[73,70472,30482],{"class":216},[73,70474,653],{"class":83},[73,70476,26751],{"class":245},[73,70478,9151],{"class":83},[73,70480,70481],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,70482,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,70484,70485,70487,70489,70492],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,70486,80],{"class":79},[73,70488,84],{"class":83},[73,70490,70491],{"class":245},"last_task",[73,70493,249],{"class":83},[73,70495,70496,70498,70500,70502],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,70497,80],{"class":79},[73,70499,84],{"class":83},[73,70501,37013],{"class":245},[73,70503,249],{"class":83},[20,70505,148],{},[64,70507,70509],{"className":66,"code":70508,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70510,70511,70516],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,70512,70513],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,70514,70515],{"class":216},"submit\n",[73,70517,70518,70520,70522,70524,70526,70528,70530,70532,70534],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,70519,4410],{"class":83},[73,70521,343],{"class":93},[73,70523,70437],{"class":97},[73,70525,343],{"class":93},[73,70527,140],{"class":83},[73,70529,337],{"class":93},[73,70531,70446],{"class":97},[73,70533,343],{"class":93},[73,70535,924],{"class":83},[20,70537,70538],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[59,70540,70542],{"id":70541},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70544,70545],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[64,70547,70549],{"className":66,"code":70548,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70550,70551,70591,70595,70613,70617,70627],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,70552,70553,70555,70557,70559,70561,70563,70565,70567,70569,70571,70573,70575,70577,70579,70581,70583,70585,70587,70589],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,70554,36746],{"class":216},[73,70556,221],{"class":220},[73,70558,891],{"class":83},[73,70560,94],{"class":93},[73,70562,4590],{"class":97},[73,70564,94],{"class":93},[73,70566,140],{"class":83},[73,70568,224],{"class":93},[73,70570,4599],{"class":97},[73,70572,94],{"class":93},[73,70574,140],{"class":83},[73,70576,224],{"class":93},[73,70578,4608],{"class":97},[73,70580,94],{"class":93},[73,70582,140],{"class":83},[73,70584,224],{"class":93},[73,70586,33727],{"class":97},[73,70588,94],{"class":93},[73,70590,924],{"class":83},[73,70592,70593],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,70594,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,70596,70597,70599,70601,70603,70605,70607,70609,70611],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,70598,70176],{"class":216},[73,70600,221],{"class":220},[73,70602,53090],{"class":216},[73,70604,653],{"class":83},[73,70606,26751],{"class":245},[73,70608,84],{"class":83},[73,70610,2397],{"class":116},[73,70612,249],{"class":83},[73,70614,70615],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,70616,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,70618,70619,70621,70623,70625],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,70620,80],{"class":79},[73,70622,84],{"class":83},[73,70624,70199],{"class":245},[73,70626,249],{"class":83},[73,70628,70629,70631,70633,70635],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,70630,80],{"class":79},[73,70632,84],{"class":83},[73,70634,36798],{"class":245},[73,70636,249],{"class":83},[20,70638,148],{},[64,70640,70642],{"className":66,"code":70641,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70643,70644,70649],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,70645,70646],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,70647,70648],{"class":216},"banana\n",[73,70650,70651,70653,70655,70657,70659,70661,70663,70665,70667,70669,70671,70673,70675],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,70652,4410],{"class":83},[73,70654,343],{"class":93},[73,70656,4590],{"class":97},[73,70658,343],{"class":93},[73,70660,140],{"class":83},[73,70662,337],{"class":93},[73,70664,4608],{"class":97},[73,70666,343],{"class":93},[73,70668,140],{"class":83},[73,70670,337],{"class":93},[73,70672,33727],{"class":97},[73,70674,343],{"class":93},[73,70676,924],{"class":83},[20,70678,70679],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[64,70681,70683],{"className":66,"code":70682,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70684,70685,70717,70721,70741,70745,70755],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,70686,70687,70689,70691,70693,70695,70697,70699,70701,70703,70705,70707,70709,70711,70713,70715],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,70688,36746],{"class":216},[73,70690,221],{"class":220},[73,70692,891],{"class":83},[73,70694,94],{"class":93},[73,70696,4590],{"class":97},[73,70698,94],{"class":93},[73,70700,140],{"class":83},[73,70702,224],{"class":93},[73,70704,4599],{"class":97},[73,70706,94],{"class":93},[73,70708,140],{"class":83},[73,70710,224],{"class":93},[73,70712,4608],{"class":97},[73,70714,94],{"class":93},[73,70716,924],{"class":83},[73,70718,70719],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,70720,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,70722,70723,70725,70727,70729,70731,70733,70735,70737,70739],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,70724,70176],{"class":216},[73,70726,221],{"class":220},[73,70728,53090],{"class":216},[73,70730,653],{"class":83},[73,70732,26751],{"class":245},[73,70734,84],{"class":83},[73,70736,746],{"class":220},[73,70738,2397],{"class":116},[73,70740,249],{"class":83},[73,70742,70743],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,70744,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,70746,70747,70749,70751,70753],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,70748,80],{"class":79},[73,70750,84],{"class":83},[73,70752,70199],{"class":245},[73,70754,249],{"class":83},[73,70756,70757,70759,70761,70763],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,70758,80],{"class":79},[73,70760,84],{"class":83},[73,70762,36798],{"class":245},[73,70764,249],{"class":83},[20,70766,148],{},[64,70768,70770],{"className":66,"code":70769,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70771,70772,70777],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,70773,70774],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,70775,70776],{"class":216},"cherry\n",[73,70778,70779,70781,70783,70785,70787,70789,70791,70793,70795],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,70780,4410],{"class":83},[73,70782,343],{"class":93},[73,70784,4590],{"class":97},[73,70786,343],{"class":93},[73,70788,140],{"class":83},[73,70790,337],{"class":93},[73,70792,4599],{"class":97},[73,70794,343],{"class":93},[73,70796,924],{"class":83},[20,70798,70799,70800,70802],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70801,66096],{}," means the last item.",[20,70804,70805,70806,653],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[646,70807,70808,11248],{"href":59205},[15,70809,65107],{},[59,70811,70813],{"id":70812},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70815,70816,70818],{},[15,70817,13273],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70820,70821,70822,1647,70824,653],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70823,13273],{},[646,70825,70826],{"href":55311},[15,70827,55768],{},[20,70829,206],{},[64,70831,70833],{"className":66,"code":70832,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70834,70835,70867,70871,70890,70894,70905],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,70836,70837,70839,70841,70843,70845,70847,70849,70851,70853,70855,70857,70859,70861,70863,70865],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,70838,5508],{"class":216},[73,70840,221],{"class":220},[73,70842,891],{"class":83},[73,70844,94],{"class":93},[73,70846,13391],{"class":97},[73,70848,94],{"class":93},[73,70850,140],{"class":83},[73,70852,224],{"class":93},[73,70854,36447],{"class":97},[73,70856,94],{"class":93},[73,70858,140],{"class":83},[73,70860,224],{"class":93},[73,70862,36456],{"class":97},[73,70864,94],{"class":93},[73,70866,924],{"class":83},[73,70868,70869],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,70870,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,70872,70873,70876,70878,70880,70882,70884,70886,70888],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,70874,70875],{"class":216},"removed_name ",[73,70877,221],{"class":220},[73,70879,69818],{"class":216},[73,70881,653],{"class":83},[73,70883,26751],{"class":245},[73,70885,84],{"class":83},[73,70887,806],{"class":116},[73,70889,249],{"class":83},[73,70891,70892],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,70893,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,70895,70896,70898,70900,70903],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,70897,80],{"class":79},[73,70899,84],{"class":83},[73,70901,70902],{"class":245},"removed_name",[73,70904,249],{"class":83},[73,70906,70907,70909,70911,70913],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,70908,80],{"class":79},[73,70910,84],{"class":83},[73,70912,5552],{"class":245},[73,70914,249],{"class":83},[20,70916,148],{},[64,70918,70920],{"className":66,"code":70919,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70921,70922,70926],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,70923,70924],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,70925,50277],{"class":216},[73,70927,70928,70930,70932,70934,70936,70938,70940,70942,70944],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,70929,4410],{"class":83},[73,70931,343],{"class":93},[73,70933,36447],{"class":97},[73,70935,343],{"class":93},[73,70937,140],{"class":83},[73,70939,337],{"class":93},[73,70941,36456],{"class":97},[73,70943,343],{"class":93},[73,70945,924],{"class":83},[20,70947,70948],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70950,70951,70952,70954,70955,653],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70953,55768],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70956,1842],{},[59,70958,70960],{"id":70959},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[403,70962,70964],{"id":70963},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70966,70967,70968,70970,70971,653],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70969,13273],{}," raises an ",[15,70972,70973],{},"IndexError",[64,70975,70977],{"className":66,"code":70976,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70978,70979,70987],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,70980,70981,70983,70985],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,70982,8289],{"class":216},[73,70984,221],{"class":220},[73,70986,8349],{"class":83},[73,70988,70989,70991,70993,70995],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,70990,8320],{"class":216},[73,70992,653],{"class":83},[73,70994,26751],{"class":245},[73,70996,9151],{"class":83},[20,70998,148],{},[64,71000,71002],{"className":66,"code":71001,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,71003,71004],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,71005,71006,71008,71010,71013,71016,71019],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,71007,70973],{"class":87},[73,71009,1063],{"class":83},[73,71011,71012],{"class":216}," pop ",[73,71014,71015],{"class":933},"from",[73,71017,71018],{"class":216}," empty ",[73,71020,50123],{"class":87},[20,71022,39769],{},[33,71024,71025,71030],{},[36,71026,71027,71028],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,71029,13273],{},[36,71031,71032,71033,1647,71035],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,71034,1669],{},[15,71036,1695],{},[20,71038,206],{},[64,71040,71042],{"className":66,"code":71041,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,71043,71044,71052,71056,71064,71078,71084],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,71045,71046,71048,71050],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,71047,8289],{"class":216},[73,71049,221],{"class":220},[73,71051,8349],{"class":83},[73,71053,71054],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,71055,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,71057,71058,71060,71062],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,71059,7507],{"class":933},[73,71061,6477],{"class":216},[73,71063,946],{"class":83},[73,71065,71066,71068,71070,71072,71074,71076],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,71067,1676],{"class":79},[73,71069,84],{"class":83},[73,71071,8320],{"class":245},[73,71073,653],{"class":83},[73,71075,26751],{"class":245},[73,71077,7704],{"class":83},[73,71079,71080,71082],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,71081,27944],{"class":933},[73,71083,946],{"class":83},[73,71085,71086,71088,71090,71092,71095,71097],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,71087,1676],{"class":79},[73,71089,84],{"class":83},[73,71091,94],{"class":93},[73,71093,71094],{"class":97},"The list is empty.",[73,71096,94],{"class":93},[73,71098,249],{"class":83},[403,71100,71102],{"id":71101},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,71104,71105,71106,653],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,71107,70973],{},[64,71109,71111],{"className":66,"code":71110,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,71112,71113,71133],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,71114,71115,71117,71119,71121,71123,71125,71127,71129,71131],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,71116,4134],{"class":216},[73,71118,221],{"class":220},[73,71120,891],{"class":83},[73,71122,452],{"class":116},[73,71124,140],{"class":83},[73,71126,8300],{"class":116},[73,71128,140],{"class":83},[73,71130,8305],{"class":116},[73,71132,924],{"class":83},[73,71134,71135,71137,71139,71141,71143,71145],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,71136,4164],{"class":216},[73,71138,653],{"class":83},[73,71140,26751],{"class":245},[73,71142,84],{"class":83},[73,71144,688],{"class":116},[73,71146,249],{"class":83},[20,71148,148],{},[64,71150,71152],{"className":66,"code":71151,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,71153,71154],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,71155,71156,71158,71160,71163],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,71157,70973],{"class":87},[73,71159,1063],{"class":83},[73,71161,71162],{"class":216}," pop index out of ",[73,71164,71165],{"class":79},"range\n",[20,71167,39769],{},[33,71169,71170,71175],{},[36,71171,71172,71173],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,71174,42855],{},[36,71176,71177],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[64,71179,71181],{"className":66,"code":71180,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,71182,71183,71203,71212,71216,71238,71256,71262],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,71184,71185,71187,71189,71191,71193,71195,71197,71199,71201],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,71186,4134],{"class":216},[73,71188,221],{"class":220},[73,71190,891],{"class":83},[73,71192,452],{"class":116},[73,71194,140],{"class":83},[73,71196,8300],{"class":116},[73,71198,140],{"class":83},[73,71200,8305],{"class":116},[73,71202,924],{"class":83},[73,71204,71205,71208,71210],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,71206,71207],{"class":216},"index ",[73,71209,221],{"class":220},[73,71211,46080],{"class":116},[73,71213,71214],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,71215,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,71217,71218,71220,71222,71225,71228,71230,71232,71234,71236],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,71219,7507],{"class":933},[73,71221,4345],{"class":116},[73,71223,71224],{"class":220}," \u003C=",[73,71226,71227],{"class":216}," index ",[73,71229,330],{"class":220},[73,71231,38893],{"class":79},[73,71233,84],{"class":83},[73,71235,4164],{"class":245},[73,71237,8851],{"class":83},[73,71239,71240,71242,71244,71246,71248,71250,71252,71254],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,71241,1676],{"class":79},[73,71243,84],{"class":83},[73,71245,4164],{"class":245},[73,71247,653],{"class":83},[73,71249,26751],{"class":245},[73,71251,84],{"class":83},[73,71253,36352],{"class":245},[73,71255,102],{"class":83},[73,71257,71258,71260],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,71259,27944],{"class":933},[73,71261,946],{"class":83},[73,71263,71264,71266,71268,71270,71273,71275],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,71265,1676],{"class":79},[73,71267,84],{"class":83},[73,71269,94],{"class":93},[73,71271,71272],{"class":97},"Index is out of range.",[73,71274,94],{"class":93},[73,71276,249],{"class":83},[20,71278,71279,71280,653],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[646,71281,69501],{"href":69500},[403,71283,71285],{"id":71284},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,71287,71288,71290],{},[15,71289,13273],{}," expects an integer index.",[64,71292,71294],{"className":66,"code":71293,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,71295,71296,71316],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,71297,71298,71300,71302,71304,71306,71308,71310,71312,71314],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,71299,4134],{"class":216},[73,71301,221],{"class":220},[73,71303,891],{"class":83},[73,71305,452],{"class":116},[73,71307,140],{"class":83},[73,71309,8300],{"class":116},[73,71311,140],{"class":83},[73,71313,8305],{"class":116},[73,71315,924],{"class":83},[73,71317,71318,71320,71322,71324,71326,71328,71330,71332],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,71319,4164],{"class":216},[73,71321,653],{"class":83},[73,71323,26751],{"class":245},[73,71325,84],{"class":83},[73,71327,94],{"class":93},[73,71329,2397],{"class":97},[73,71331,94],{"class":93},[73,71333,249],{"class":83},[20,71335,148],{},[64,71337,71339],{"className":66,"code":71338,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,71340,71341],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,71342,71343,71345,71347,71349,71351,71353,71355,71358,71361],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,71344,1630],{"class":87},[73,71346,1063],{"class":83},[73,71348,337],{"class":93},[73,71350,340],{"class":97},[73,71352,343],{"class":93},[73,71354,25127],{"class":87},[73,71356,71357],{"class":216}," cannot be interpreted ",[73,71359,71360],{"class":933},"as",[73,71362,71363],{"class":216}," an integer\n",[20,71365,39769],{},[33,71367,71368,71377],{},[36,71369,71370,71371,2728,71373,2731,71375],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,71372,806],{},[15,71374,2397],{},[15,71376,66096],{},[36,71378,71379],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[64,71381,71383],{"className":66,"code":71382,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71384,71385,71405,71423,71427,71445],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,71386,71387,71389,71391,71393,71395,71397,71399,71401,71403],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,71388,4134],{"class":216},[73,71390,221],{"class":220},[73,71392,891],{"class":83},[73,71394,452],{"class":116},[73,71396,140],{"class":83},[73,71398,8300],{"class":116},[73,71400,140],{"class":83},[73,71402,8305],{"class":116},[73,71404,924],{"class":83},[73,71406,71407,71409,71411,71413,71415,71417,71419,71421],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,71408,71207],{"class":216},[73,71410,221],{"class":220},[73,71412,240],{"class":87},[73,71414,84],{"class":83},[73,71416,94],{"class":93},[73,71418,2397],{"class":97},[73,71420,94],{"class":93},[73,71422,249],{"class":83},[73,71424,71425],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,71426,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,71428,71429,71431,71433,71435,71437,71439,71441,71443],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,71430,80],{"class":79},[73,71432,84],{"class":83},[73,71434,4164],{"class":245},[73,71436,653],{"class":83},[73,71438,26751],{"class":245},[73,71440,84],{"class":83},[73,71442,36352],{"class":245},[73,71444,102],{"class":83},[73,71446,71447,71449,71451,71453],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,71448,80],{"class":79},[73,71450,84],{"class":83},[73,71452,4164],{"class":245},[73,71454,249],{"class":83},[20,71456,148],{},[64,71458,71460],{"className":66,"code":71459,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71461,71462,71467],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,71463,71464],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,71465,71466],{"class":116},"20\n",[73,71468,71469,71471,71473,71475,71477],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,71470,4410],{"class":83},[73,71472,452],{"class":116},[73,71474,140],{"class":83},[73,71476,8305],{"class":116},[73,71478,924],{"class":83},[59,71480,71482],{"id":71481},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71484,71485],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[403,71487,171,71489,11108],{"id":71488},"use-pop-when",[15,71490,13273],{},[33,71492,71493,71496,71499],{},[36,71494,71495],{},"you want to remove by index",[36,71497,71498],{},"you want the removed item returned",[36,71500,71501],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[403,71503,171,71505,11108],{"id":71504},"use-remove-when",[15,71506,55768],{},[33,71508,71509,71512],{},[36,71510,71511],{},"you want to remove by value",[36,71513,71514],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71516,71517],{},"Compare these examples:",[64,71519,71521],{"className":66,"code":71520,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71522,71523,71547,71551,71569,71579],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,71524,71525,71527,71529,71531,71533,71535,71537,71539,71541,71543,71545],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,71526,4134],{"class":216},[73,71528,221],{"class":220},[73,71530,891],{"class":83},[73,71532,452],{"class":116},[73,71534,140],{"class":83},[73,71536,8300],{"class":116},[73,71538,140],{"class":83},[73,71540,8305],{"class":116},[73,71542,140],{"class":83},[73,71544,8300],{"class":116},[73,71546,924],{"class":83},[73,71548,71549],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,71550,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,71552,71553,71555,71557,71559,71561,71563,71565,71567],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,71554,70176],{"class":216},[73,71556,221],{"class":220},[73,71558,4775],{"class":216},[73,71560,653],{"class":83},[73,71562,26751],{"class":245},[73,71564,84],{"class":83},[73,71566,2397],{"class":116},[73,71568,249],{"class":83},[73,71570,71571,71573,71575,71577],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,71572,80],{"class":79},[73,71574,84],{"class":83},[73,71576,70199],{"class":245},[73,71578,249],{"class":83},[73,71580,71581,71583,71585,71587],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,71582,80],{"class":79},[73,71584,84],{"class":83},[73,71586,4164],{"class":245},[73,71588,249],{"class":83},[20,71590,148],{},[64,71592,71594],{"className":66,"code":71593,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71595,71596,71600],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,71597,71598],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,71599,71466],{"class":116},[73,71601,71602,71604,71606,71608,71610,71612,71614],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,71603,4410],{"class":83},[73,71605,452],{"class":116},[73,71607,140],{"class":83},[73,71609,8305],{"class":116},[73,71611,140],{"class":83},[73,71613,8300],{"class":116},[73,71615,924],{"class":83},[64,71617,71619],{"className":66,"code":71618,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71620,71621,71645,71649,71663],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,71622,71623,71625,71627,71629,71631,71633,71635,71637,71639,71641,71643],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,71624,4134],{"class":216},[73,71626,221],{"class":220},[73,71628,891],{"class":83},[73,71630,452],{"class":116},[73,71632,140],{"class":83},[73,71634,8300],{"class":116},[73,71636,140],{"class":83},[73,71638,8305],{"class":116},[73,71640,140],{"class":83},[73,71642,8300],{"class":116},[73,71644,924],{"class":83},[73,71646,71647],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,71648,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,71650,71651,71653,71655,71657,71659,71661],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,71652,4164],{"class":216},[73,71654,653],{"class":83},[73,71656,35300],{"class":245},[73,71658,84],{"class":83},[73,71660,16264],{"class":116},[73,71662,249],{"class":83},[73,71664,71665,71667,71669,71671],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,71666,80],{"class":79},[73,71668,84],{"class":83},[73,71670,4164],{"class":245},[73,71672,249],{"class":83},[20,71674,148],{},[64,71676,71678],{"className":66,"code":71677,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71679,71680],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,71681,71682,71684,71686,71688,71690,71692,71694],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,71683,4410],{"class":83},[73,71685,452],{"class":116},[73,71687,140],{"class":83},[73,71689,8305],{"class":116},[73,71691,140],{"class":83},[73,71693,8300],{"class":116},[73,71695,924],{"class":83},[20,71697,71698,71699,71702,71703,653],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71700,71701],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71704,2397],{},[20,71706,56844,71707,71710,71711,653],{},[15,71708,71709],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71712,16264],{},[20,71714,71715,71716,653],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[646,71717,55307],{"href":55306},[59,71719,2102],{"id":2101},[20,71721,71722,71723,1063],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71724,13273],{},[33,71726,71727,71730,71733,71739,71743],{},[36,71728,71729],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[36,71731,71732],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[36,71734,37711,71735,9213,71737],{},[15,71736,13273],{},[15,71738,55768],{},[36,71740,2300,71741,62213],{},[15,71742,13273],{},[36,71744,71745],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71747,71748],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[64,71750,71752],{"className":66,"code":71751,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71753,71754,71764,71778,71792,71810],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,71755,71756,71758,71760,71762],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,71757,80],{"class":79},[73,71759,84],{"class":83},[73,71761,8848],{"class":245},[73,71763,249],{"class":83},[73,71765,71766,71768,71770,71772,71774,71776],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,71767,80],{"class":79},[73,71769,84],{"class":83},[73,71771,11670],{"class":79},[73,71773,84],{"class":83},[73,71775,8848],{"class":245},[73,71777,102],{"class":83},[73,71779,71780,71782,71784,71786,71788,71790],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,71781,80],{"class":79},[73,71783,84],{"class":83},[73,71785,8848],{"class":245},[73,71787,653],{"class":83},[73,71789,26751],{"class":245},[73,71791,7704],{"class":83},[73,71793,71794,71796,71798,71800,71802,71804,71806,71808],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,71795,80],{"class":79},[73,71797,84],{"class":83},[73,71799,8848],{"class":245},[73,71801,653],{"class":83},[73,71803,26751],{"class":245},[73,71805,84],{"class":83},[73,71807,806],{"class":116},[73,71809,102],{"class":83},[73,71811,71812,71814,71816,71818,71820,71822],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,71813,80],{"class":79},[73,71815,84],{"class":83},[73,71817,288],{"class":87},[73,71819,84],{"class":83},[73,71821,36352],{"class":245},[73,71823,102],{"class":83},[20,71825,71826],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[33,71828,71829,71835],{},[36,71830,71831,71834],{},[15,71832,71833],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[36,71836,71837,71840],{},[15,71838,71839],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71842,71843,71844,71847],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71845,71846],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[59,71849,2350],{"id":2349},[403,71851,71853],{"id":71852},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71855,71856,71857,71859],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71858,13273],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[403,71861,71863],{"id":71862},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71865,71866,71868,71869,71871,71872,653],{},[15,71867,13273],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71870,55768],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71873,1842],{},[403,71875,71877],{"id":71876},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71879,71880,71881,71884],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71882,71883],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[403,71886,71888],{"id":71887},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71890,71891,71892,71894],{},"Python raises ",[15,71893,70973],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[59,71896,2413],{"id":2412},[33,71898,71899,71903,71908,71913,71918],{},[36,71900,71901],{},[646,71902,55754],{"href":55306},[36,71904,71905],{},[646,71906,71907],{"href":55311},"Python list remove() method",[36,71909,71910],{},[646,71911,71912],{"href":59205},"Python list index() method",[36,71914,71915],{},[646,71916,71917],{"href":51217},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[36,71919,71920],{},[646,71921,69501],{"href":69500},[2459,71923,71924],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":71926},[71927,71928,71929,71930,71931,71932,71933,71938,71944,71945,71951],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":70102,"depth":105,"text":70103},{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":70412,"depth":105,"text":70413},{"id":70541,"depth":105,"text":70542},{"id":70812,"depth":105,"text":70813},{"id":70959,"depth":105,"text":70960,"children":71934},[71935,71936,71937],{"id":70963,"depth":122,"text":70964},{"id":71101,"depth":122,"text":71102},{"id":71284,"depth":122,"text":71285},{"id":71481,"depth":105,"text":71482,"children":71939},[71940,71942],{"id":71488,"depth":122,"text":71941},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71504,"depth":122,"text":71943},"Use remove() when:",{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":71946},[71947,71948,71949,71950],{"id":71852,"depth":122,"text":71853},{"id":71862,"depth":122,"text":71863},{"id":71876,"depth":122,"text":71877},{"id":71887,"depth":122,"text":71888},{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69969,"description":71952},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71959,"title":71960,"body":71961,"description":73747,"extension":2511,"meta":73748,"navigation":254,"path":73749,"seo":73750,"stem":73751,"__hash__":73752},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71962,"toc":73729},[71963,71966,71971,71977,71979,72049,72055,72059,72064,72085,72088,72155,72157,72178,72186,72188,72207,72223,72225,72290,72292,72317,72319,72321,72386,72388,72413,72415,72429,72432,72485,72487,72508,72512,72520,72593,72595,72628,72634,72640,72731,72733,72758,72764,72853,72855,72879,72881,72885,72940,72942,72974,72977,72980,73074,73076,73109,73115,73121,73125,73132,73158,73162,73227,73229,73254,73258,73339,73341,73370,73375,73380,73386,73390,73397,73419,73423,73482,73484,73508,73517,73522,73524,73528,73557,73559,73634,73637,73651,73657,73659,73663,73666,73670,73675,73679,73688,73692,73700,73702,73726],[10,71964,71960],{"id":71965},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71967,1580,71968,71970],{},[15,71969,55314],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71972,71973,71974,71976],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[1194,71975,967],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[59,71978,62],{"id":61},[64,71980,71982],{"className":66,"code":71981,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71983,71984,72016,72034,72044],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,71985,71986,71988,71990,71992,71994,71996,71998,72000,72002,72004,72006,72008,72010,72012,72014],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,71987,8289],{"class":216},[73,71989,221],{"class":220},[73,71991,891],{"class":83},[73,71993,94],{"class":93},[73,71995,4590],{"class":97},[73,71997,94],{"class":93},[73,71999,140],{"class":83},[73,72001,224],{"class":93},[73,72003,4599],{"class":97},[73,72005,94],{"class":93},[73,72007,140],{"class":83},[73,72009,224],{"class":93},[73,72011,33727],{"class":97},[73,72013,94],{"class":93},[73,72015,924],{"class":83},[73,72017,72018,72020,72022,72024,72026,72028,72030,72032],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,72019,8320],{"class":216},[73,72021,653],{"class":83},[73,72023,35300],{"class":245},[73,72025,84],{"class":83},[73,72027,94],{"class":93},[73,72029,4599],{"class":97},[73,72031,94],{"class":93},[73,72033,249],{"class":83},[73,72035,72036,72038,72040,72042],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,72037,80],{"class":79},[73,72039,84],{"class":83},[73,72041,8320],{"class":245},[73,72043,249],{"class":83},[73,72045,72046],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,72047,72048],{"class":769},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,72050,171,72051,72054],{},[15,72052,72053],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[59,72056,72058],{"id":72057},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,72060,72061,72063],{},[15,72062,55768],{}," is a list method that:",[33,72065,72066,72072,72077,72082],{},[36,72067,72068,72069,72071],{},"Deletes the ",[1194,72070,30415],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[36,72073,72074,72075],{},"Changes the original list ",[1194,72076,11843],{},[36,72078,2354,72079,72081],{},[1194,72080,1196],{}," return a new list",[36,72083,72084],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,72086,72087],{},"This is important for beginners:",[64,72089,72091],{"className":66,"code":72090,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,72092,72093,72113,72131,72135,72145],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,72094,72095,72097,72099,72101,72103,72105,72107,72109,72111],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,72096,4134],{"class":216},[73,72098,221],{"class":220},[73,72100,891],{"class":83},[73,72102,2397],{"class":116},[73,72104,140],{"class":83},[73,72106,143],{"class":116},[73,72108,140],{"class":83},[73,72110,2982],{"class":116},[73,72112,924],{"class":83},[73,72114,72115,72117,72119,72121,72123,72125,72127,72129],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,72116,2766],{"class":216},[73,72118,221],{"class":220},[73,72120,4775],{"class":216},[73,72122,653],{"class":83},[73,72124,35300],{"class":245},[73,72126,84],{"class":83},[73,72128,530],{"class":116},[73,72130,249],{"class":83},[73,72132,72133],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,72134,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,72136,72137,72139,72141,72143],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,72138,80],{"class":79},[73,72140,84],{"class":83},[73,72142,4164],{"class":245},[73,72144,249],{"class":83},[73,72146,72147,72149,72151,72153],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,72148,80],{"class":79},[73,72150,84],{"class":83},[73,72152,2800],{"class":245},[73,72154,249],{"class":83},[20,72156,148],{},[64,72158,72160],{"className":66,"code":72159,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,72161,72162,72174],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,72163,72164,72166,72168,72170,72172],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,72165,4410],{"class":83},[73,72167,2397],{"class":116},[73,72169,140],{"class":83},[73,72171,2982],{"class":116},[73,72173,924],{"class":83},[73,72175,72176],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,72177,12319],{"class":484},[20,72179,72180,72181,72183,72184,653],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,72182,55768],{}," itself returned ",[15,72185,1842],{},[59,72187,5944],{"id":5943},[64,72189,72191],{"className":66,"code":72190,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,72192,72193],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,72194,72195,72197,72199,72201,72203,72205],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,72196,8604],{"class":87},[73,72198,653],{"class":83},[73,72200,35300],{"class":245},[73,72202,84],{"class":83},[73,72204,967],{"class":245},[73,72206,249],{"class":83},[33,72208,72209,72214,72217],{},[36,72210,72211,72213],{},[15,72212,967],{}," is the item you want to delete",[36,72215,72216],{},"Python searches from left to right",[36,72218,72219,72220,72222],{},"Only the ",[1194,72221,30415],{}," matching value is removed",[20,72224,206],{},[64,72226,72228],{"className":66,"code":72227,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,72229,72230,72262,72280],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,72231,72232,72234,72236,72238,72240,72242,72244,72246,72248,72250,72252,72254,72256,72258,72260],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,72233,36597],{"class":216},[73,72235,221],{"class":220},[73,72237,891],{"class":83},[73,72239,94],{"class":93},[73,72241,646],{"class":97},[73,72243,94],{"class":93},[73,72245,140],{"class":83},[73,72247,224],{"class":93},[73,72249,5274],{"class":97},[73,72251,94],{"class":93},[73,72253,140],{"class":83},[73,72255,224],{"class":93},[73,72257,10245],{"class":97},[73,72259,94],{"class":93},[73,72261,924],{"class":83},[73,72263,72264,72266,72268,72270,72272,72274,72276,72278],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,72265,36650],{"class":216},[73,72267,653],{"class":83},[73,72269,35300],{"class":245},[73,72271,84],{"class":83},[73,72273,94],{"class":93},[73,72275,5274],{"class":97},[73,72277,94],{"class":93},[73,72279,249],{"class":83},[73,72281,72282,72284,72286,72288],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,72283,80],{"class":79},[73,72285,84],{"class":83},[73,72287,36650],{"class":245},[73,72289,249],{"class":83},[20,72291,148],{},[64,72293,72295],{"className":66,"code":72294,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,72296,72297],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,72298,72299,72301,72303,72305,72307,72309,72311,72313,72315],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,72300,4410],{"class":83},[73,72302,343],{"class":93},[73,72304,646],{"class":97},[73,72306,343],{"class":93},[73,72308,140],{"class":83},[73,72310,337],{"class":93},[73,72312,10245],{"class":97},[73,72314,343],{"class":93},[73,72316,924],{"class":83},[59,72318,6299],{"id":6298},[20,72320,65416],{},[64,72322,72324],{"className":66,"code":72323,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,72325,72326,72358,72376],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,72327,72328,72330,72332,72334,72336,72338,72340,72342,72344,72346,72348,72350,72352,72354,72356],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,72329,13586],{"class":216},[73,72331,221],{"class":220},[73,72333,891],{"class":83},[73,72335,94],{"class":93},[73,72337,13603],{"class":97},[73,72339,94],{"class":93},[73,72341,140],{"class":83},[73,72343,224],{"class":93},[73,72345,13620],{"class":97},[73,72347,94],{"class":93},[73,72349,140],{"class":83},[73,72351,224],{"class":93},[73,72353,17967],{"class":97},[73,72355,94],{"class":93},[73,72357,924],{"class":83},[73,72359,72360,72362,72364,72366,72368,72370,72372,72374],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,72361,18014],{"class":216},[73,72363,653],{"class":83},[73,72365,35300],{"class":245},[73,72367,84],{"class":83},[73,72369,94],{"class":93},[73,72371,13620],{"class":97},[73,72373,94],{"class":93},[73,72375,249],{"class":83},[73,72377,72378,72380,72382,72384],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,72379,80],{"class":79},[73,72381,84],{"class":83},[73,72383,18014],{"class":245},[73,72385,249],{"class":83},[20,72387,148],{},[64,72389,72391],{"className":66,"code":72390,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72392,72393],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,72394,72395,72397,72399,72401,72403,72405,72407,72409,72411],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,72396,4410],{"class":83},[73,72398,343],{"class":93},[73,72400,13603],{"class":97},[73,72402,343],{"class":93},[73,72404,140],{"class":83},[73,72406,337],{"class":93},[73,72408,17967],{"class":97},[73,72410,343],{"class":93},[73,72412,924],{"class":83},[20,72414,12194],{},[33,72416,72417,72420,72426],{},[36,72418,72419],{},"A list is created with three values",[36,72421,72422,72425],{},[15,72423,72424],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[36,72427,72428],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,72430,72431],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[64,72433,72435],{"className":66,"code":72434,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72436,72437,72461,72475],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,72438,72439,72441,72443,72445,72447,72449,72451,72453,72455,72457,72459],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,72440,5577],{"class":216},[73,72442,221],{"class":220},[73,72444,891],{"class":83},[73,72446,452],{"class":116},[73,72448,140],{"class":83},[73,72450,8300],{"class":116},[73,72452,140],{"class":83},[73,72454,8305],{"class":116},[73,72456,140],{"class":83},[73,72458,51081],{"class":116},[73,72460,924],{"class":83},[73,72462,72463,72465,72467,72469,72471,72473],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,72464,16899],{"class":216},[73,72466,653],{"class":83},[73,72468,35300],{"class":245},[73,72470,84],{"class":83},[73,72472,37348],{"class":116},[73,72474,249],{"class":83},[73,72476,72477,72479,72481,72483],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,72478,80],{"class":79},[73,72480,84],{"class":83},[73,72482,16899],{"class":245},[73,72484,249],{"class":83},[20,72486,148],{},[64,72488,72490],{"className":66,"code":72489,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72491,72492],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,72493,72494,72496,72498,72500,72502,72504,72506],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,72495,4410],{"class":83},[73,72497,452],{"class":116},[73,72499,140],{"class":83},[73,72501,8300],{"class":116},[73,72503,140],{"class":83},[73,72505,51081],{"class":116},[73,72507,924],{"class":83},[59,72509,72511],{"id":72510},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72513,65406,72514,72516,72517,72519],{},[15,72515,55768],{}," deletes only the ",[1194,72518,30415],{}," one.",[64,72521,72523],{"className":66,"code":72522,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72524,72525,72565,72583],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,72526,72527,72529,72531,72533,72535,72537,72539,72541,72543,72545,72547,72549,72551,72553,72555,72557,72559,72561,72563],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,72528,8289],{"class":216},[73,72530,221],{"class":220},[73,72532,891],{"class":83},[73,72534,94],{"class":93},[73,72536,4590],{"class":97},[73,72538,94],{"class":93},[73,72540,140],{"class":83},[73,72542,224],{"class":93},[73,72544,4599],{"class":97},[73,72546,94],{"class":93},[73,72548,140],{"class":83},[73,72550,224],{"class":93},[73,72552,4590],{"class":97},[73,72554,94],{"class":93},[73,72556,140],{"class":83},[73,72558,224],{"class":93},[73,72560,33727],{"class":97},[73,72562,94],{"class":93},[73,72564,924],{"class":83},[73,72566,72567,72569,72571,72573,72575,72577,72579,72581],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,72568,8320],{"class":216},[73,72570,653],{"class":83},[73,72572,35300],{"class":245},[73,72574,84],{"class":83},[73,72576,94],{"class":93},[73,72578,4590],{"class":97},[73,72580,94],{"class":93},[73,72582,249],{"class":83},[73,72584,72585,72587,72589,72591],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,72586,80],{"class":79},[73,72588,84],{"class":83},[73,72590,8320],{"class":245},[73,72592,249],{"class":83},[20,72594,148],{},[64,72596,72598],{"className":66,"code":72597,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72599,72600],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,72601,72602,72604,72606,72608,72610,72612,72614,72616,72618,72620,72622,72624,72626],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,72603,4410],{"class":83},[73,72605,343],{"class":93},[73,72607,4599],{"class":97},[73,72609,343],{"class":93},[73,72611,140],{"class":83},[73,72613,337],{"class":93},[73,72615,4590],{"class":97},[73,72617,343],{"class":93},[73,72619,140],{"class":83},[73,72621,337],{"class":93},[73,72623,33727],{"class":97},[73,72625,343],{"class":93},[73,72627,924],{"class":83},[20,72629,72630,72631,72633],{},"Only the first ",[15,72632,58073],{}," was removed.",[20,72635,72636,72637,72639],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72638,55768],{}," again:",[64,72641,72643],{"className":66,"code":72642,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72644,72645,72685,72703,72721],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,72646,72647,72649,72651,72653,72655,72657,72659,72661,72663,72665,72667,72669,72671,72673,72675,72677,72679,72681,72683],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,72648,8289],{"class":216},[73,72650,221],{"class":220},[73,72652,891],{"class":83},[73,72654,94],{"class":93},[73,72656,4590],{"class":97},[73,72658,94],{"class":93},[73,72660,140],{"class":83},[73,72662,224],{"class":93},[73,72664,4599],{"class":97},[73,72666,94],{"class":93},[73,72668,140],{"class":83},[73,72670,224],{"class":93},[73,72672,4590],{"class":97},[73,72674,94],{"class":93},[73,72676,140],{"class":83},[73,72678,224],{"class":93},[73,72680,33727],{"class":97},[73,72682,94],{"class":93},[73,72684,924],{"class":83},[73,72686,72687,72689,72691,72693,72695,72697,72699,72701],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,72688,8320],{"class":216},[73,72690,653],{"class":83},[73,72692,35300],{"class":245},[73,72694,84],{"class":83},[73,72696,94],{"class":93},[73,72698,4590],{"class":97},[73,72700,94],{"class":93},[73,72702,249],{"class":83},[73,72704,72705,72707,72709,72711,72713,72715,72717,72719],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,72706,8320],{"class":216},[73,72708,653],{"class":83},[73,72710,35300],{"class":245},[73,72712,84],{"class":83},[73,72714,94],{"class":93},[73,72716,4590],{"class":97},[73,72718,94],{"class":93},[73,72720,249],{"class":83},[73,72722,72723,72725,72727,72729],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,72724,80],{"class":79},[73,72726,84],{"class":83},[73,72728,8320],{"class":245},[73,72730,249],{"class":83},[20,72732,148],{},[64,72734,72736],{"className":66,"code":72735,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72737,72738],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,72739,72740,72742,72744,72746,72748,72750,72752,72754,72756],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,72741,4410],{"class":83},[73,72743,343],{"class":93},[73,72745,4599],{"class":97},[73,72747,343],{"class":93},[73,72749,140],{"class":83},[73,72751,337],{"class":93},[73,72753,33727],{"class":97},[73,72755,343],{"class":93},[73,72757,924],{"class":83},[20,72759,72760,72761,72763],{},"If you need to remove ",[1194,72762,4230],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[64,72765,72767],{"className":66,"code":72766,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72768,72769,72809,72843],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,72770,72771,72773,72775,72777,72779,72781,72783,72785,72787,72789,72791,72793,72795,72797,72799,72801,72803,72805,72807],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,72772,8289],{"class":216},[73,72774,221],{"class":220},[73,72776,891],{"class":83},[73,72778,94],{"class":93},[73,72780,4590],{"class":97},[73,72782,94],{"class":93},[73,72784,140],{"class":83},[73,72786,224],{"class":93},[73,72788,4599],{"class":97},[73,72790,94],{"class":93},[73,72792,140],{"class":83},[73,72794,224],{"class":93},[73,72796,4590],{"class":97},[73,72798,94],{"class":93},[73,72800,140],{"class":83},[73,72802,224],{"class":93},[73,72804,33727],{"class":97},[73,72806,94],{"class":93},[73,72808,924],{"class":83},[73,72810,72811,72813,72815,72817,72819,72821,72823,72825,72828,72830,72832,72835,72837,72839,72841],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,72812,8289],{"class":216},[73,72814,221],{"class":220},[73,72816,891],{"class":83},[73,72818,29048],{"class":216},[73,72820,934],{"class":933},[73,72822,6472],{"class":216},[73,72824,940],{"class":933},[73,72826,72827],{"class":216}," items ",[73,72829,7507],{"class":933},[73,72831,6472],{"class":216},[73,72833,72834],{"class":220},"!=",[73,72836,224],{"class":93},[73,72838,4590],{"class":97},[73,72840,94],{"class":93},[73,72842,924],{"class":83},[73,72844,72845,72847,72849,72851],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,72846,80],{"class":79},[73,72848,84],{"class":83},[73,72850,8320],{"class":245},[73,72852,249],{"class":83},[20,72854,148],{},[64,72856,72857],{"className":66,"code":72735,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,72858,72859],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,72860,72861,72863,72865,72867,72869,72871,72873,72875,72877],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,72862,4410],{"class":83},[73,72864,343],{"class":93},[73,72866,4599],{"class":97},[73,72868,343],{"class":93},[73,72870,140],{"class":83},[73,72872,337],{"class":93},[73,72874,33727],{"class":97},[73,72876,343],{"class":93},[73,72878,924],{"class":83},[59,72880,65872],{"id":65871},[20,72882,65875,72883,653],{},[15,72884,781],{},[64,72886,72888],{"className":66,"code":72887,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72889,72890,72922],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,72891,72892,72894,72896,72898,72900,72902,72904,72906,72908,72910,72912,72914,72916,72918,72920],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,72893,8289],{"class":216},[73,72895,221],{"class":220},[73,72897,891],{"class":83},[73,72899,94],{"class":93},[73,72901,4590],{"class":97},[73,72903,94],{"class":93},[73,72905,140],{"class":83},[73,72907,224],{"class":93},[73,72909,4599],{"class":97},[73,72911,94],{"class":93},[73,72913,140],{"class":83},[73,72915,224],{"class":93},[73,72917,33727],{"class":97},[73,72919,94],{"class":93},[73,72921,924],{"class":83},[73,72923,72924,72926,72928,72930,72932,72934,72936,72938],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,72925,8320],{"class":216},[73,72927,653],{"class":83},[73,72929,35300],{"class":245},[73,72931,84],{"class":83},[73,72933,94],{"class":93},[73,72935,23042],{"class":97},[73,72937,94],{"class":93},[73,72939,249],{"class":83},[20,72941,148],{},[64,72943,72945],{"className":66,"code":72944,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72946,72947],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,72948,72949,72951,72953,72955,72957,72959,72961,72963,72965,72967,72969,72971],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,72950,781],{"class":87},[73,72952,1063],{"class":83},[73,72954,23069],{"class":87},[73,72956,653],{"class":83},[73,72958,35300],{"class":245},[73,72960,84],{"class":83},[73,72962,384],{"class":245},[73,72964,16962],{"class":83},[73,72966,4391],{"class":216},[73,72968,1196],{"class":220},[73,72970,21686],{"class":220},[73,72972,72973],{"class":87}," list\n",[20,72975,72976],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72978,72979],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[64,72981,72983],{"className":66,"code":72982,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72984,72985,73017,73029,73033,73045,73060,73064],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,72986,72987,72989,72991,72993,72995,72997,72999,73001,73003,73005,73007,73009,73011,73013,73015],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,72988,8289],{"class":216},[73,72990,221],{"class":220},[73,72992,891],{"class":83},[73,72994,94],{"class":93},[73,72996,4590],{"class":97},[73,72998,94],{"class":93},[73,73000,140],{"class":83},[73,73002,224],{"class":93},[73,73004,4599],{"class":97},[73,73006,94],{"class":93},[73,73008,140],{"class":83},[73,73010,224],{"class":93},[73,73012,33727],{"class":97},[73,73014,94],{"class":93},[73,73016,924],{"class":83},[73,73018,73019,73021,73023,73025,73027],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,73020,2202],{"class":216},[73,73022,221],{"class":220},[73,73024,224],{"class":93},[73,73026,23042],{"class":97},[73,73028,230],{"class":93},[73,73030,73031],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,73032,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,73034,73035,73037,73039,73041,73043],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,73036,7507],{"class":933},[73,73038,937],{"class":216},[73,73040,940],{"class":220},[73,73042,6477],{"class":216},[73,73044,946],{"class":83},[73,73046,73047,73050,73052,73054,73056,73058],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,73048,73049],{"class":216},"    items",[73,73051,653],{"class":83},[73,73053,35300],{"class":245},[73,73055,84],{"class":83},[73,73057,967],{"class":245},[73,73059,249],{"class":83},[73,73061,73062],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,73063,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,73065,73066,73068,73070,73072],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,73067,80],{"class":79},[73,73069,84],{"class":83},[73,73071,8320],{"class":245},[73,73073,249],{"class":83},[20,73075,148],{},[64,73077,73079],{"className":66,"code":73078,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,73080,73081],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,73082,73083,73085,73087,73089,73091,73093,73095,73097,73099,73101,73103,73105,73107],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,73084,4410],{"class":83},[73,73086,343],{"class":93},[73,73088,4590],{"class":97},[73,73090,343],{"class":93},[73,73092,140],{"class":83},[73,73094,337],{"class":93},[73,73096,4599],{"class":97},[73,73098,343],{"class":93},[73,73100,140],{"class":83},[73,73102,337],{"class":93},[73,73104,33727],{"class":97},[73,73106,343],{"class":93},[73,73108,924],{"class":83},[20,73110,73111,73112,73114],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,73113,55768],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,73116,73117,73118,653],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[646,73119,66081],{"href":73120},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[59,73122,73124],{"id":73123},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,73126,73127,1647,73129,73131],{},[15,73128,55768],{},[15,73130,13273],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[33,73133,73134,73141,73147,73153],{},[36,73135,73136,73138,73139],{},[15,73137,55768],{}," deletes by ",[1194,73140,967],{},[36,73142,73143,73138,73145],{},[15,73144,13273],{},[1194,73146,36352],{},[36,73148,73149,2928,73151],{},[15,73150,55768],{},[15,73152,1842],{},[36,73154,73155,73157],{},[15,73156,13273],{}," returns the removed item",[20,73159,46529,73160,1063],{},[15,73161,55768],{},[64,73163,73165],{"className":66,"code":73164,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,73166,73167,73199,73217],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,73168,73169,73171,73173,73175,73177,73179,73181,73183,73185,73187,73189,73191,73193,73195,73197],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,73170,8289],{"class":216},[73,73172,221],{"class":220},[73,73174,891],{"class":83},[73,73176,94],{"class":93},[73,73178,4590],{"class":97},[73,73180,94],{"class":93},[73,73182,140],{"class":83},[73,73184,224],{"class":93},[73,73186,4599],{"class":97},[73,73188,94],{"class":93},[73,73190,140],{"class":83},[73,73192,224],{"class":93},[73,73194,33727],{"class":97},[73,73196,94],{"class":93},[73,73198,924],{"class":83},[73,73200,73201,73203,73205,73207,73209,73211,73213,73215],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,73202,8320],{"class":216},[73,73204,653],{"class":83},[73,73206,35300],{"class":245},[73,73208,84],{"class":83},[73,73210,94],{"class":93},[73,73212,4599],{"class":97},[73,73214,94],{"class":93},[73,73216,249],{"class":83},[73,73218,73219,73221,73223,73225],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,73220,80],{"class":79},[73,73222,84],{"class":83},[73,73224,8320],{"class":245},[73,73226,249],{"class":83},[20,73228,148],{},[64,73230,73232],{"className":66,"code":73231,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,73233,73234],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,73235,73236,73238,73240,73242,73244,73246,73248,73250,73252],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,73237,4410],{"class":83},[73,73239,343],{"class":93},[73,73241,4590],{"class":97},[73,73243,343],{"class":93},[73,73245,140],{"class":83},[73,73247,337],{"class":93},[73,73249,33727],{"class":97},[73,73251,343],{"class":93},[73,73253,924],{"class":83},[20,73255,46529,73256,1063],{},[15,73257,13273],{},[64,73259,73261],{"className":66,"code":73260,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,73262,73263,73295,73314,73318,73328],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,73264,73265,73267,73269,73271,73273,73275,73277,73279,73281,73283,73285,73287,73289,73291,73293],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,73266,8289],{"class":216},[73,73268,221],{"class":220},[73,73270,891],{"class":83},[73,73272,94],{"class":93},[73,73274,4590],{"class":97},[73,73276,94],{"class":93},[73,73278,140],{"class":83},[73,73280,224],{"class":93},[73,73282,4599],{"class":97},[73,73284,94],{"class":93},[73,73286,140],{"class":83},[73,73288,224],{"class":93},[73,73290,33727],{"class":97},[73,73292,94],{"class":93},[73,73294,924],{"class":83},[73,73296,73297,73300,73302,73304,73306,73308,73310,73312],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,73298,73299],{"class":216},"removed_item ",[73,73301,221],{"class":220},[73,73303,6477],{"class":216},[73,73305,653],{"class":83},[73,73307,26751],{"class":245},[73,73309,84],{"class":83},[73,73311,2397],{"class":116},[73,73313,249],{"class":83},[73,73315,73316],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,73317,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,73319,73320,73322,73324,73326],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,73321,80],{"class":79},[73,73323,84],{"class":83},[73,73325,8320],{"class":245},[73,73327,249],{"class":83},[73,73329,73330,73332,73334,73337],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,73331,80],{"class":79},[73,73333,84],{"class":83},[73,73335,73336],{"class":245},"removed_item",[73,73338,249],{"class":83},[20,73340,148],{},[64,73342,73344],{"className":66,"code":73343,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,73345,73346,73366],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,73347,73348,73350,73352,73354,73356,73358,73360,73362,73364],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,73349,4410],{"class":83},[73,73351,343],{"class":93},[73,73353,4590],{"class":97},[73,73355,343],{"class":93},[73,73357,140],{"class":83},[73,73359,337],{"class":93},[73,73361,33727],{"class":97},[73,73363,343],{"class":93},[73,73365,924],{"class":83},[73,73367,73368],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,73369,70648],{"class":216},[20,73371,171,73372,73374],{},[15,73373,55768],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,73376,171,73377,73379],{},[15,73378,13273],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,73381,73382,73383,653],{},"For more detail, see the ",[646,73384,73385],{"href":55318},"Python list pop() method",[59,73387,73389],{"id":73388},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,73391,73392,1647,73394,73396],{},[15,73393,55768],{},[15,73395,27535],{}," are also different.",[33,73398,73399,73404,73409,73414],{},[36,73400,73401,73403],{},[15,73402,55768],{}," deletes by matching value",[36,73405,73406,73408],{},[15,73407,27535],{}," deletes by index or slice",[36,73410,171,73411,73413],{},[15,73412,27535],{}," when you know the position",[36,73415,171,73416,73418],{},[15,73417,55768],{}," when you know the item value",[20,73420,46529,73421,1063],{},[15,73422,27535],{},[64,73424,73426],{"className":66,"code":73425,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73427,73428,73460,73472],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,73429,73430,73432,73434,73436,73438,73440,73442,73444,73446,73448,73450,73452,73454,73456,73458],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,73431,8289],{"class":216},[73,73433,221],{"class":220},[73,73435,891],{"class":83},[73,73437,94],{"class":93},[73,73439,4590],{"class":97},[73,73441,94],{"class":93},[73,73443,140],{"class":83},[73,73445,224],{"class":93},[73,73447,4599],{"class":97},[73,73449,94],{"class":93},[73,73451,140],{"class":83},[73,73453,224],{"class":93},[73,73455,33727],{"class":97},[73,73457,94],{"class":93},[73,73459,924],{"class":83},[73,73461,73462,73464,73466,73468,73470],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,73463,27535],{"class":933},[73,73465,6477],{"class":216},[73,73467,4410],{"class":83},[73,73469,2397],{"class":116},[73,73471,924],{"class":83},[73,73473,73474,73476,73478,73480],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,73475,80],{"class":79},[73,73477,84],{"class":83},[73,73479,8320],{"class":245},[73,73481,249],{"class":83},[20,73483,148],{},[64,73485,73486],{"className":66,"code":73231,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,73487,73488],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,73489,73490,73492,73494,73496,73498,73500,73502,73504,73506],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,73491,4410],{"class":83},[73,73493,343],{"class":93},[73,73495,4590],{"class":97},[73,73497,343],{"class":93},[73,73499,140],{"class":83},[73,73501,337],{"class":93},[73,73503,33727],{"class":97},[73,73505,343],{"class":93},[73,73507,924],{"class":83},[20,73509,73510,73511,73513,73514,73516],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73512,2397],{},", not the value ",[15,73515,65516],{}," directly.",[20,73518,73519,73520,653],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[646,73521,55307],{"href":55306},[59,73523,2102],{"id":2101},[20,73525,21724,73526,1063],{},[15,73527,55768],{},[33,73529,73530,73533,73538,73545,73554],{},[36,73531,73532],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[36,73534,2300,73535,73537],{},[15,73536,55768],{}," to delete all matching values",[36,73539,13106,73540,73542,73543],{},[15,73541,55768],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73544,1842],{},[36,73546,657,73547,45121,73549,3408,73551,73553],{},[15,73548,55768],{},[15,73550,13273],{},[15,73552,27535],{}," would be a better fit",[36,73555,73556],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73558,71748],{},[64,73560,73562],{"className":66,"code":73561,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73563,73564,73574,73588,73606,73620],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,73565,73566,73568,73570,73572],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,73567,80],{"class":79},[73,73569,84],{"class":83},[73,73571,8848],{"class":245},[73,73573,249],{"class":83},[73,73575,73576,73578,73580,73582,73584,73586],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,73577,80],{"class":79},[73,73579,84],{"class":83},[73,73581,2202],{"class":245},[73,73583,940],{"class":933},[73,73585,8905],{"class":245},[73,73587,249],{"class":83},[73,73589,73590,73592,73594,73596,73598,73600,73602,73604],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,73591,80],{"class":79},[73,73593,84],{"class":83},[73,73595,8848],{"class":245},[73,73597,653],{"class":83},[73,73599,41761],{"class":245},[73,73601,84],{"class":83},[73,73603,967],{"class":245},[73,73605,102],{"class":83},[73,73607,73608,73610,73612,73614,73616,73618],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,73609,80],{"class":79},[73,73611,84],{"class":83},[73,73613,288],{"class":87},[73,73615,84],{"class":83},[73,73617,8848],{"class":245},[73,73619,102],{"class":83},[73,73621,73622,73624,73626,73628,73630,73632],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,73623,32659],{"class":79},[73,73625,84],{"class":83},[73,73627,8604],{"class":87},[73,73629,653],{"class":83},[73,73631,35300],{"class":25260},[73,73633,249],{"class":83},[20,73635,73636],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[33,73638,73639,73642,73645,73648],{},[36,73640,73641],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[36,73643,73644],{},"How many times does it appear?",[36,73646,73647],{},"Am I working with a list?",[36,73649,73650],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73652,73653,73654,73656],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[646,73655,71912],{"href":59205}," may also help.",[59,73658,2350],{"id":2349},[403,73660,73662],{"id":73661},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73664,73665],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[403,73667,73669],{"id":73668},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73671,2394,73672,73674],{},[15,73673,1842],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[403,73676,73678],{"id":73677},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73680,73681,73682,73685,73686,653],{},"Check with ",[15,73683,73684],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73687,55768],{},[403,73689,73691],{"id":73690},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73693,171,73694,73696,73697,73699],{},[15,73695,55768],{}," for a value and ",[15,73698,13273],{}," for an index.",[59,73701,2413],{"id":2412},[33,73703,73704,73708,73712,73716,73720],{},[36,73705,73706],{},[646,73707,55754],{"href":55306},[36,73709,73710],{},[646,73711,73385],{"href":55318},[36,73713,73714],{},[646,73715,71912],{"href":59205},[36,73717,73718],{},[646,73719,66081],{"href":73120},[36,73721,73722],{},[646,73723,73725],{"href":73724},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2459,73727,73728],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":73730},[73731,73732,73733,73734,73735,73736,73737,73738,73739,73740,73746],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":72057,"depth":105,"text":72058},{"id":5943,"depth":105,"text":5944},{"id":6298,"depth":105,"text":6299},{"id":72510,"depth":105,"text":72511},{"id":65871,"depth":105,"text":65872},{"id":73123,"depth":105,"text":73124},{"id":73388,"depth":105,"text":73389},{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":73741},[73742,73743,73744,73745],{"id":73661,"depth":122,"text":73662},{"id":73668,"depth":122,"text":73669},{"id":73677,"depth":122,"text":73678},{"id":73690,"depth":122,"text":73691},{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71960,"description":73747},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73754,"title":73755,"body":73756,"description":75647,"extension":2511,"meta":75648,"navigation":254,"path":75649,"seo":75650,"stem":75651,"__hash__":75652},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73757,"toc":75617},[73758,73764,73770,73773,73784,73786,73835,73840,73845,73849,73864,73866,73931,73933,73974,73976,73978,73993,73995,74006,74008,74065,74067,74100,74102,74105,74154,74156,74181,74183,74199,74205,74212,74273,74275,74308,74313,74316,74396,74398,74459,74465,74469,74472,74536,74538,74563,74565,74585,74587,74636,74638,74659,74668,74671,74675,74680,74725,74727,74748,74754,74759,74767,74831,74833,74870,74876,74880,74887,74952,74954,74991,74995,75012,75022,75027,75032,75043,75050,75052,75058,75081,75084,75111,75116,75119,75220,75222,75277,75280,75387,75389,75460,75463,75489,75491,75496,75500,75508,75513,75518,75524,75529,75533,75536,75553,75556,75576,75584,75586,75614],[10,73759,54581,73761,11831],{"id":73760},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73762,73763],{},"reverse()",[20,73765,73766,73769],{},[15,73767,73768],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73771,73772],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73774,73775,73776,73778,73779,73783],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73777,73763],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[646,73780,73782],{"href":73781},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[59,73785,4124],{"id":4123},[64,73787,73789],{"className":66,"code":73788,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73790,73791,73811,73822],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,73792,73793,73795,73797,73799,73801,73803,73805,73807,73809],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,73794,4134],{"class":216},[73,73796,221],{"class":220},[73,73798,891],{"class":83},[73,73800,2397],{"class":116},[73,73802,140],{"class":83},[73,73804,143],{"class":116},[73,73806,140],{"class":83},[73,73808,2982],{"class":116},[73,73810,924],{"class":83},[73,73812,73813,73815,73817,73820],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,73814,4164],{"class":216},[73,73816,653],{"class":83},[73,73818,73819],{"class":245},"reverse",[73,73821,9151],{"class":83},[73,73823,73824,73826,73828,73830,73832],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,73825,80],{"class":79},[73,73827,84],{"class":83},[73,73829,4164],{"class":245},[73,73831,4177],{"class":83},[73,73833,73834],{"class":769},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73836,73837,73839],{},[15,73838,73763],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[59,73841,178,73843,181],{"id":73842},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73844,73768],{},[20,73846,73847,1063],{},[15,73848,73768],{},[33,73850,73851,73854,73857,73861],{},[36,73852,73853],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[36,73855,73856],{},"Changes the original list directly",[36,73858,11933,73859],{},[15,73860,1842],{},[36,73862,73863],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73865,206],{},[64,73867,73869],{"className":66,"code":73868,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73870,73871,73911,73921],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,73872,73873,73875,73877,73879,73881,73883,73885,73887,73889,73891,73893,73895,73897,73899,73901,73903,73905,73907,73909],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,73874,36597],{"class":216},[73,73876,221],{"class":220},[73,73878,891],{"class":83},[73,73880,94],{"class":93},[73,73882,646],{"class":97},[73,73884,94],{"class":93},[73,73886,140],{"class":83},[73,73888,224],{"class":93},[73,73890,5274],{"class":97},[73,73892,94],{"class":93},[73,73894,140],{"class":83},[73,73896,224],{"class":93},[73,73898,10245],{"class":97},[73,73900,94],{"class":93},[73,73902,140],{"class":83},[73,73904,224],{"class":93},[73,73906,19280],{"class":97},[73,73908,94],{"class":93},[73,73910,924],{"class":83},[73,73912,73913,73915,73917,73919],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,73914,36650],{"class":216},[73,73916,653],{"class":83},[73,73918,73819],{"class":245},[73,73920,9151],{"class":83},[73,73922,73923,73925,73927,73929],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,73924,80],{"class":79},[73,73926,84],{"class":83},[73,73928,36650],{"class":245},[73,73930,249],{"class":83},[20,73932,148],{},[64,73934,73936],{"className":66,"code":73935,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73937,73938],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,73939,73940,73942,73944,73946,73948,73950,73952,73954,73956,73958,73960,73962,73964,73966,73968,73970,73972],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,73941,4410],{"class":83},[73,73943,343],{"class":93},[73,73945,19280],{"class":97},[73,73947,343],{"class":93},[73,73949,140],{"class":83},[73,73951,337],{"class":93},[73,73953,10245],{"class":97},[73,73955,343],{"class":93},[73,73957,140],{"class":83},[73,73959,337],{"class":93},[73,73961,5274],{"class":97},[73,73963,343],{"class":93},[73,73965,140],{"class":83},[73,73967,337],{"class":93},[73,73969,646],{"class":97},[73,73971,343],{"class":93},[73,73973,924],{"class":83},[59,73975,370],{"id":369},[20,73977,2700],{},[64,73979,73981],{"className":66,"code":73980,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73982,73983],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,73984,73985,73987,73989,73991],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,73986,8848],{"class":216},[73,73988,653],{"class":83},[73,73990,73819],{"class":245},[73,73992,9151],{"class":83},[20,73994,189],{},[33,73996,73997,74000,74003],{},[36,73998,73999],{},"No arguments are needed",[36,74001,74002],{},"You call it on an existing list",[36,74004,74005],{},"It only works on lists",[20,74007,206],{},[64,74009,74011],{"className":66,"code":74010,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,74012,74013,74045,74055],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,74014,74015,74017,74019,74021,74023,74025,74027,74029,74031,74033,74035,74037,74039,74041,74043],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,74016,13586],{"class":216},[73,74018,221],{"class":220},[73,74020,891],{"class":83},[73,74022,94],{"class":93},[73,74024,13603],{"class":97},[73,74026,94],{"class":93},[73,74028,140],{"class":83},[73,74030,224],{"class":93},[73,74032,17967],{"class":97},[73,74034,94],{"class":93},[73,74036,140],{"class":83},[73,74038,224],{"class":93},[73,74040,13620],{"class":97},[73,74042,94],{"class":93},[73,74044,924],{"class":83},[73,74046,74047,74049,74051,74053],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,74048,18014],{"class":216},[73,74050,653],{"class":83},[73,74052,73819],{"class":245},[73,74054,9151],{"class":83},[73,74056,74057,74059,74061,74063],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,74058,80],{"class":79},[73,74060,84],{"class":83},[73,74062,18014],{"class":245},[73,74064,249],{"class":83},[20,74066,148],{},[64,74068,74070],{"className":66,"code":74069,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,74071,74072],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,74073,74074,74076,74078,74080,74082,74084,74086,74088,74090,74092,74094,74096,74098],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,74075,4410],{"class":83},[73,74077,343],{"class":93},[73,74079,13620],{"class":97},[73,74081,343],{"class":93},[73,74083,140],{"class":83},[73,74085,337],{"class":93},[73,74087,17967],{"class":97},[73,74089,343],{"class":93},[73,74091,140],{"class":83},[73,74093,337],{"class":93},[73,74095,13603],{"class":97},[73,74097,343],{"class":93},[73,74099,924],{"class":83},[59,74101,11985],{"id":11984},[20,74103,74104],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[64,74106,74108],{"className":66,"code":74107,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74109,74110,74134,74144],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,74111,74112,74114,74116,74118,74120,74122,74124,74126,74128,74130,74132],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,74113,4134],{"class":216},[73,74115,221],{"class":220},[73,74117,891],{"class":83},[73,74119,452],{"class":116},[73,74121,140],{"class":83},[73,74123,8300],{"class":116},[73,74125,140],{"class":83},[73,74127,8305],{"class":116},[73,74129,140],{"class":83},[73,74131,51081],{"class":116},[73,74133,924],{"class":83},[73,74135,74136,74138,74140,74142],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,74137,4164],{"class":216},[73,74139,653],{"class":83},[73,74141,73819],{"class":245},[73,74143,9151],{"class":83},[73,74145,74146,74148,74150,74152],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,74147,80],{"class":79},[73,74149,84],{"class":83},[73,74151,4164],{"class":245},[73,74153,249],{"class":83},[20,74155,148],{},[64,74157,74159],{"className":66,"code":74158,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,74160,74161],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,74162,74163,74165,74167,74169,74171,74173,74175,74177,74179],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,74164,4410],{"class":83},[73,74166,56932],{"class":116},[73,74168,140],{"class":83},[73,74170,8305],{"class":116},[73,74172,140],{"class":83},[73,74174,8300],{"class":116},[73,74176,140],{"class":83},[73,74178,6516],{"class":116},[73,74180,924],{"class":83},[20,74182,12194],{},[33,74184,74185,74191,74196],{},[36,74186,74187,74188],{},"The list starts as ",[15,74189,74190],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[36,74192,74193,74195],{},[15,74194,73763],{}," flips the order",[36,74197,74198],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[59,74200,74202,74204],{"id":74201},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,74203,73763],{}," changes the original list",[20,74206,74207,74208,74211],{},"This method is ",[1194,74209,74210],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[64,74213,74215],{"className":66,"code":74214,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,74216,74217,74249,74259,74263],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,74218,74219,74221,74223,74225,74227,74229,74231,74233,74235,74237,74239,74241,74243,74245,74247],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,74220,36746],{"class":216},[73,74222,221],{"class":220},[73,74224,891],{"class":83},[73,74226,94],{"class":93},[73,74228,4590],{"class":97},[73,74230,94],{"class":93},[73,74232,140],{"class":83},[73,74234,224],{"class":93},[73,74236,4599],{"class":97},[73,74238,94],{"class":93},[73,74240,140],{"class":83},[73,74242,224],{"class":93},[73,74244,4608],{"class":97},[73,74246,94],{"class":93},[73,74248,924],{"class":83},[73,74250,74251,74253,74255,74257],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,74252,36798],{"class":216},[73,74254,653],{"class":83},[73,74256,73819],{"class":245},[73,74258,9151],{"class":83},[73,74260,74261],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,74262,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,74264,74265,74267,74269,74271],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,74266,80],{"class":79},[73,74268,84],{"class":83},[73,74270,36798],{"class":245},[73,74272,249],{"class":83},[20,74274,148],{},[64,74276,74278],{"className":66,"code":74277,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74279,74280],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,74281,74282,74284,74286,74288,74290,74292,74294,74296,74298,74300,74302,74304,74306],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,74283,4410],{"class":83},[73,74285,343],{"class":93},[73,74287,4608],{"class":97},[73,74289,343],{"class":93},[73,74291,140],{"class":83},[73,74293,337],{"class":93},[73,74295,4599],{"class":97},[73,74297,343],{"class":93},[73,74299,140],{"class":83},[73,74301,337],{"class":93},[73,74303,4590],{"class":97},[73,74305,343],{"class":93},[73,74307,924],{"class":83},[20,74309,171,74310,74312],{},[15,74311,73763],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,74314,74315],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[64,74317,74319],{"className":66,"code":74318,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,74320,74321,74353,74371,74375,74385],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,74322,74323,74325,74327,74329,74331,74333,74335,74337,74339,74341,74343,74345,74347,74349,74351],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,74324,36746],{"class":216},[73,74326,221],{"class":220},[73,74328,891],{"class":83},[73,74330,94],{"class":93},[73,74332,4590],{"class":97},[73,74334,94],{"class":93},[73,74336,140],{"class":83},[73,74338,224],{"class":93},[73,74340,4599],{"class":97},[73,74342,94],{"class":93},[73,74344,140],{"class":83},[73,74346,224],{"class":93},[73,74348,4608],{"class":97},[73,74350,94],{"class":93},[73,74352,924],{"class":83},[73,74354,74355,74358,74360,74362,74365,74367,74369],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,74356,74357],{"class":216},"reversed_fruits ",[73,74359,221],{"class":220},[73,74361,53090],{"class":216},[73,74363,74364],{"class":83},"[::",[73,74366,746],{"class":220},[73,74368,2397],{"class":116},[73,74370,924],{"class":83},[73,74372,74373],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,74374,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,74376,74377,74379,74381,74383],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,74378,80],{"class":79},[73,74380,84],{"class":83},[73,74382,36798],{"class":245},[73,74384,249],{"class":83},[73,74386,74387,74389,74391,74394],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,74388,80],{"class":79},[73,74390,84],{"class":83},[73,74392,74393],{"class":245},"reversed_fruits",[73,74395,249],{"class":83},[20,74397,148],{},[64,74399,74401],{"className":66,"code":74400,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74402,74403,74431],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,74404,74405,74407,74409,74411,74413,74415,74417,74419,74421,74423,74425,74427,74429],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,74406,4410],{"class":83},[73,74408,343],{"class":93},[73,74410,4590],{"class":97},[73,74412,343],{"class":93},[73,74414,140],{"class":83},[73,74416,337],{"class":93},[73,74418,4599],{"class":97},[73,74420,343],{"class":93},[73,74422,140],{"class":83},[73,74424,337],{"class":93},[73,74426,4608],{"class":97},[73,74428,343],{"class":93},[73,74430,924],{"class":83},[73,74432,74433,74435,74437,74439,74441,74443,74445,74447,74449,74451,74453,74455,74457],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,74434,4410],{"class":83},[73,74436,343],{"class":93},[73,74438,4608],{"class":97},[73,74440,343],{"class":93},[73,74442,140],{"class":83},[73,74444,337],{"class":93},[73,74446,4599],{"class":97},[73,74448,343],{"class":93},[73,74450,140],{"class":83},[73,74452,337],{"class":93},[73,74454,4590],{"class":97},[73,74456,343],{"class":93},[73,74458,924],{"class":83},[20,74460,74461,74462,653],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[646,74463,74464],{"href":73781},"Python list slicing explained",[59,74466,74468],{"id":74467},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74470,74471],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[64,74473,74475],{"className":66,"code":74474,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74476,74477,74497,74511,74515,74526],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,74478,74479,74481,74483,74485,74487,74489,74491,74493,74495],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,74480,4134],{"class":216},[73,74482,221],{"class":220},[73,74484,891],{"class":83},[73,74486,2397],{"class":116},[73,74488,140],{"class":83},[73,74490,143],{"class":116},[73,74492,140],{"class":83},[73,74494,2982],{"class":116},[73,74496,924],{"class":83},[73,74498,74499,74501,74503,74505,74507,74509],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,74500,56129],{"class":216},[73,74502,221],{"class":220},[73,74504,4775],{"class":216},[73,74506,653],{"class":83},[73,74508,73819],{"class":245},[73,74510,9151],{"class":83},[73,74512,74513],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,74514,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,74516,74517,74519,74521,74524],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,74518,80],{"class":79},[73,74520,84],{"class":83},[73,74522,74523],{"class":245},"new_list",[73,74525,249],{"class":83},[73,74527,74528,74530,74532,74534],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,74529,80],{"class":79},[73,74531,84],{"class":83},[73,74533,4164],{"class":245},[73,74535,249],{"class":83},[20,74537,148],{},[64,74539,74541],{"className":66,"code":74540,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74542,74543,74547],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,74544,74545],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,74546,12319],{"class":484},[73,74548,74549,74551,74553,74555,74557,74559,74561],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,74550,4410],{"class":83},[73,74552,1304],{"class":116},[73,74554,140],{"class":83},[73,74556,143],{"class":116},[73,74558,140],{"class":83},[73,74560,2085],{"class":116},[73,74562,924],{"class":83},[20,74564,12411],{},[33,74566,74567,74575,74579],{},[36,74568,74569,74571,74572,74574],{},[15,74570,73763],{}," changes ",[15,74573,4164],{}," directly",[36,74576,41410,74577,72081],{},[1194,74578,1196],{},[36,74580,53892,74581,1301,74583],{},[15,74582,74523],{},[15,74584,1842],{},[20,74586,62139],{},[64,74588,74590],{"className":66,"code":74589,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74591,74592,74612,74622,74626],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,74593,74594,74596,74598,74600,74602,74604,74606,74608,74610],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,74595,4134],{"class":216},[73,74597,221],{"class":220},[73,74599,891],{"class":83},[73,74601,2397],{"class":116},[73,74603,140],{"class":83},[73,74605,143],{"class":116},[73,74607,140],{"class":83},[73,74609,2982],{"class":116},[73,74611,924],{"class":83},[73,74613,74614,74616,74618,74620],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,74615,4164],{"class":216},[73,74617,653],{"class":83},[73,74619,73819],{"class":245},[73,74621,9151],{"class":83},[73,74623,74624],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,74625,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,74627,74628,74630,74632,74634],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,74629,80],{"class":79},[73,74631,84],{"class":83},[73,74633,4164],{"class":245},[73,74635,249],{"class":83},[20,74637,148],{},[64,74639,74641],{"className":66,"code":74640,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74642,74643],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,74644,74645,74647,74649,74651,74653,74655,74657],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,74646,4410],{"class":83},[73,74648,1304],{"class":116},[73,74650,140],{"class":83},[73,74652,143],{"class":116},[73,74654,140],{"class":83},[73,74656,2085],{"class":116},[73,74658,924],{"class":83},[59,74660,74662,11092,74664,74667],{"id":74661},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74663,73763],{},[15,74665,74666],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74669,74670],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[403,74672,74673],{"id":73819},[15,74674,73763],{},[20,74676,74677,74679],{},[15,74678,73763],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[64,74681,74683],{"className":66,"code":74682,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74684,74685,74705,74715],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,74686,74687,74689,74691,74693,74695,74697,74699,74701,74703],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,74688,4134],{"class":216},[73,74690,221],{"class":220},[73,74692,891],{"class":83},[73,74694,1304],{"class":116},[73,74696,140],{"class":83},[73,74698,2085],{"class":116},[73,74700,140],{"class":83},[73,74702,143],{"class":116},[73,74704,924],{"class":83},[73,74706,74707,74709,74711,74713],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,74708,4164],{"class":216},[73,74710,653],{"class":83},[73,74712,73819],{"class":245},[73,74714,9151],{"class":83},[73,74716,74717,74719,74721,74723],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,74718,80],{"class":79},[73,74720,84],{"class":83},[73,74722,4164],{"class":245},[73,74724,249],{"class":83},[20,74726,148],{},[64,74728,74730],{"className":66,"code":74729,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74731,74732],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,74733,74734,74736,74738,74740,74742,74744,74746],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,74735,4410],{"class":83},[73,74737,530],{"class":116},[73,74739,140],{"class":83},[73,74741,2085],{"class":116},[73,74743,140],{"class":83},[73,74745,2982],{"class":116},[73,74747,924],{"class":83},[20,74749,74750,74751,74753],{},"Notice that this is ",[1194,74752,1196],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[403,74755,74757],{"id":74756},"sorted",[15,74758,74666],{},[20,74760,74761,74766],{},[646,74762,74764],{"href":74763},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74765,74666],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[64,74768,74770],{"className":66,"code":74769,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74771,74772,74792,74807,74811,74821],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,74773,74774,74776,74778,74780,74782,74784,74786,74788,74790],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,74775,4134],{"class":216},[73,74777,221],{"class":220},[73,74779,891],{"class":83},[73,74781,1304],{"class":116},[73,74783,140],{"class":83},[73,74785,2085],{"class":116},[73,74787,140],{"class":83},[73,74789,143],{"class":116},[73,74791,924],{"class":83},[73,74793,74794,74796,74798,74801,74803,74805],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,74795,2766],{"class":216},[73,74797,221],{"class":220},[73,74799,74800],{"class":79}," sorted",[73,74802,84],{"class":83},[73,74804,4164],{"class":245},[73,74806,249],{"class":83},[73,74808,74809],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,74810,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,74812,74813,74815,74817,74819],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,74814,80],{"class":79},[73,74816,84],{"class":83},[73,74818,4164],{"class":245},[73,74820,249],{"class":83},[73,74822,74823,74825,74827,74829],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,74824,80],{"class":79},[73,74826,84],{"class":83},[73,74828,2800],{"class":245},[73,74830,249],{"class":83},[20,74832,148],{},[64,74834,74836],{"className":66,"code":74835,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74837,74838,74854],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,74839,74840,74842,74844,74846,74848,74850,74852],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,74841,4410],{"class":83},[73,74843,1304],{"class":116},[73,74845,140],{"class":83},[73,74847,2085],{"class":116},[73,74849,140],{"class":83},[73,74851,143],{"class":116},[73,74853,924],{"class":83},[73,74855,74856,74858,74860,74862,74864,74866,74868],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,74857,4410],{"class":83},[73,74859,2397],{"class":116},[73,74861,140],{"class":83},[73,74863,143],{"class":116},[73,74865,140],{"class":83},[73,74867,2982],{"class":116},[73,74869,924],{"class":83},[20,74871,74872,74873,653],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74874,74875],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[403,74877,74879],{"id":74878},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74881,74882,74883,74886],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74884,74885],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[64,74888,74890],{"className":66,"code":74889,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74891,74892,74912,74928,74932,74942],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,74893,74894,74896,74898,74900,74902,74904,74906,74908,74910],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,74895,4134],{"class":216},[73,74897,221],{"class":220},[73,74899,891],{"class":83},[73,74901,1304],{"class":116},[73,74903,140],{"class":83},[73,74905,2085],{"class":116},[73,74907,140],{"class":83},[73,74909,143],{"class":116},[73,74911,924],{"class":83},[73,74913,74914,74916,74918,74920,74922,74924,74926],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,74915,2766],{"class":216},[73,74917,221],{"class":220},[73,74919,4775],{"class":216},[73,74921,74364],{"class":83},[73,74923,746],{"class":220},[73,74925,2397],{"class":116},[73,74927,924],{"class":83},[73,74929,74930],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,74931,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,74933,74934,74936,74938,74940],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,74935,80],{"class":79},[73,74937,84],{"class":83},[73,74939,4164],{"class":245},[73,74941,249],{"class":83},[73,74943,74944,74946,74948,74950],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,74945,80],{"class":79},[73,74947,84],{"class":83},[73,74949,2800],{"class":245},[73,74951,249],{"class":83},[20,74953,148],{},[64,74955,74957],{"className":66,"code":74956,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74958,74959,74975],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,74960,74961,74963,74965,74967,74969,74971,74973],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,74962,4410],{"class":83},[73,74964,1304],{"class":116},[73,74966,140],{"class":83},[73,74968,2085],{"class":116},[73,74970,140],{"class":83},[73,74972,143],{"class":116},[73,74974,924],{"class":83},[73,74976,74977,74979,74981,74983,74985,74987,74989],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,74978,4410],{"class":83},[73,74980,530],{"class":116},[73,74982,140],{"class":83},[73,74984,2085],{"class":116},[73,74986,140],{"class":83},[73,74988,2982],{"class":116},[73,74990,924],{"class":83},[403,74992,74994],{"id":74993},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[33,74996,74997,75002,75007],{},[36,74998,171,74999,75001],{},[15,75000,73763],{}," when you want to change the original list",[36,75003,171,75004,75006],{},[15,75005,74885],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[36,75008,171,75009,75011],{},[15,75010,74666],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,75013,75014,75015,75021],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[646,75016,75018,75019,11248],{"href":75017},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,75020,64553],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[59,75023,1999,75025],{"id":75024},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,75026,73763],{},[20,75028,75029,75031],{},[15,75030,73763],{}," is a good choice:",[33,75033,75034,75037,75040],{},[36,75035,75036],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[36,75038,75039],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[36,75041,75042],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,75044,75045,75046,653],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[646,75047,75049],{"href":75048},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[59,75051,2102],{"id":2101},[20,75053,75054,75055,75057],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,75056,73763],{}," for these reasons:",[33,75059,75060,75064,75069,75074],{},[36,75061,13106,75062,13109],{},[15,75063,73763],{},[36,75065,2300,75066,75068],{},[15,75067,73763],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[36,75070,657,75071,75073],{},[15,75072,73763],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[36,75075,37711,75076,9213,75078],{},[15,75077,73763],{},[15,75079,75080],{},"reversed()",[20,75082,75083],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[64,75085,75087],{"className":66,"code":75086,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,75088,75089,75101],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,75090,75091,75093,75095,75097,75099],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,75092,217],{"class":216},[73,75094,221],{"class":220},[73,75096,224],{"class":93},[73,75098,4357],{"class":97},[73,75100,230],{"class":93},[73,75102,75103,75105,75107,75109],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,75104,246],{"class":216},[73,75106,653],{"class":83},[73,75108,73819],{"class":245},[73,75110,9151],{"class":83},[20,75112,75113,75114,34107],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,75115,73763],{},[20,75117,75118],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[64,75120,75122],{"className":66,"code":75121,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75123,75124,75144,75148,75158,75172,75176,75190,75200,75204],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,75125,75126,75128,75130,75132,75134,75136,75138,75140,75142],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,75127,8817],{"class":216},[73,75129,221],{"class":220},[73,75131,891],{"class":83},[73,75133,2397],{"class":116},[73,75135,140],{"class":83},[73,75137,143],{"class":116},[73,75139,140],{"class":83},[73,75141,2982],{"class":116},[73,75143,924],{"class":83},[73,75145,75146],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,75147,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,75149,75150,75152,75154,75156],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,75151,80],{"class":79},[73,75153,84],{"class":83},[73,75155,8848],{"class":245},[73,75157,249],{"class":83},[73,75159,75160,75162,75164,75166,75168,75170],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,75161,80],{"class":79},[73,75163,84],{"class":83},[73,75165,288],{"class":87},[73,75167,84],{"class":83},[73,75169,8848],{"class":245},[73,75171,102],{"class":83},[73,75173,75174],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,75175,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,75177,75178,75180,75182,75184,75186,75188],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,75179,2766],{"class":216},[73,75181,221],{"class":220},[73,75183,8905],{"class":216},[73,75185,653],{"class":83},[73,75187,73819],{"class":245},[73,75189,9151],{"class":83},[73,75191,75192,75194,75196,75198],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,75193,80],{"class":79},[73,75195,84],{"class":83},[73,75197,2800],{"class":245},[73,75199,249],{"class":83},[73,75201,75202],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,75203,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,75205,75206,75208,75210,75212,75214,75216,75218],{"class":75,"line":6940},[73,75207,80],{"class":79},[73,75209,84],{"class":83},[73,75211,8848],{"class":245},[73,75213,74364],{"class":83},[73,75215,746],{"class":220},[73,75217,2397],{"class":116},[73,75219,4398],{"class":83},[20,75221,148],{},[64,75223,75225],{"className":66,"code":75224,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,75226,75227,75243,75257,75261],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,75228,75229,75231,75233,75235,75237,75239,75241],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,75230,4410],{"class":83},[73,75232,2397],{"class":116},[73,75234,140],{"class":83},[73,75236,143],{"class":116},[73,75238,140],{"class":83},[73,75240,2982],{"class":116},[73,75242,924],{"class":83},[73,75244,75245,75247,75249,75251,75253,75255],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,75246,330],{"class":220},[73,75248,334],{"class":333},[73,75250,337],{"class":93},[73,75252,8604],{"class":97},[73,75254,343],{"class":93},[73,75256,346],{"class":220},[73,75258,75259],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,75260,12319],{"class":484},[73,75262,75263,75265,75267,75269,75271,75273,75275],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,75264,4410],{"class":83},[73,75266,2397],{"class":116},[73,75268,140],{"class":83},[73,75270,143],{"class":116},[73,75272,140],{"class":83},[73,75274,2085],{"class":116},[73,75276,924],{"class":83},[20,75278,75279],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[64,75281,75283],{"className":66,"code":75282,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75284,75285,75305,75309,75319,75333,75337,75351,75361,75371],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,75286,75287,75289,75291,75293,75295,75297,75299,75301,75303],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,75288,8817],{"class":216},[73,75290,221],{"class":220},[73,75292,891],{"class":83},[73,75294,2397],{"class":116},[73,75296,140],{"class":83},[73,75298,143],{"class":116},[73,75300,140],{"class":83},[73,75302,2982],{"class":116},[73,75304,924],{"class":83},[73,75306,75307],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,75308,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,75310,75311,75313,75315,75317],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,75312,80],{"class":79},[73,75314,84],{"class":83},[73,75316,8848],{"class":245},[73,75318,249],{"class":83},[73,75320,75321,75323,75325,75327,75329,75331],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,75322,80],{"class":79},[73,75324,84],{"class":83},[73,75326,288],{"class":87},[73,75328,84],{"class":83},[73,75330,8848],{"class":245},[73,75332,102],{"class":83},[73,75334,75335],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,75336,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,75338,75339,75341,75343,75345,75347,75349],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,75340,2766],{"class":216},[73,75342,221],{"class":220},[73,75344,8905],{"class":216},[73,75346,653],{"class":83},[73,75348,73819],{"class":245},[73,75350,9151],{"class":83},[73,75352,75353,75355,75357,75359],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,75354,80],{"class":79},[73,75356,84],{"class":83},[73,75358,2800],{"class":245},[73,75360,249],{"class":83},[73,75362,75363,75365,75367,75369],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,75364,80],{"class":79},[73,75366,84],{"class":83},[73,75368,8848],{"class":245},[73,75370,249],{"class":83},[73,75372,75373,75375,75377,75379,75381,75383,75385],{"class":75,"line":6940},[73,75374,80],{"class":79},[73,75376,84],{"class":83},[73,75378,8848],{"class":245},[73,75380,74364],{"class":83},[73,75382,746],{"class":220},[73,75384,2397],{"class":116},[73,75386,4398],{"class":83},[20,75388,148],{},[64,75390,75392],{"className":66,"code":75391,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75393,75394,75410,75424,75428,75444],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,75395,75396,75398,75400,75402,75404,75406,75408],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,75397,4410],{"class":83},[73,75399,2397],{"class":116},[73,75401,140],{"class":83},[73,75403,143],{"class":116},[73,75405,140],{"class":83},[73,75407,2982],{"class":116},[73,75409,924],{"class":83},[73,75411,75412,75414,75416,75418,75420,75422],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,75413,330],{"class":220},[73,75415,334],{"class":333},[73,75417,337],{"class":93},[73,75419,8604],{"class":97},[73,75421,343],{"class":93},[73,75423,346],{"class":220},[73,75425,75426],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,75427,12319],{"class":484},[73,75429,75430,75432,75434,75436,75438,75440,75442],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,75431,4410],{"class":83},[73,75433,1304],{"class":116},[73,75435,140],{"class":83},[73,75437,143],{"class":116},[73,75439,140],{"class":83},[73,75441,2085],{"class":116},[73,75443,924],{"class":83},[73,75445,75446,75448,75450,75452,75454,75456,75458],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,75447,4410],{"class":83},[73,75449,2397],{"class":116},[73,75451,140],{"class":83},[73,75453,143],{"class":116},[73,75455,140],{"class":83},[73,75457,2982],{"class":116},[73,75459,924],{"class":83},[20,75461,75462],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[33,75464,75465,75474,75483],{},[36,75466,28306,75467,75470,75471],{},[15,75468,75469],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75472,75473],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[36,75475,12427,75476,75479,75480,23069],{},[15,75477,75478],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[1194,75481,75482],{},"current",[36,75484,75485,75486],{},"So it prints ",[15,75487,75488],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[59,75490,2350],{"id":2349},[403,75492,2354,75494,55708],{"id":75493},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75495,73768],{},[20,75497,62844,75498,653],{},[15,75499,1842],{},[403,75501,34712,75503,34715,75505,3023],{"id":75502},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75504,73763],{},[15,75506,75507],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75509,75510,75512],{},[15,75511,73763],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75514,75515,75517],{},[15,75516,75507],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[403,75519,28838,75521,75523],{"id":75520},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75522,73763],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75525,2360,75526,75528],{},[15,75527,73763],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[403,75530,75532],{"id":75531},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75534,75535],{},"Use slicing:",[64,75537,75539],{"className":66,"code":75538,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75540,75541],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,75542,75543,75545,75547,75549,75551],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,75544,8848],{"class":216},[73,75546,74364],{"class":83},[73,75548,746],{"class":220},[73,75550,2397],{"class":116},[73,75552,924],{"class":83},[20,75554,75555],{},"Or use:",[64,75557,75559],{"className":66,"code":75558,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75560,75561],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,75562,75563,75565,75567,75570,75572,75574],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,75564,8604],{"class":87},[73,75566,84],{"class":83},[73,75568,75569],{"class":79},"reversed",[73,75571,84],{"class":83},[73,75573,8848],{"class":245},[73,75575,102],{"class":83},[20,75577,75578,75579,75583],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[646,75580,55759,75581],{"href":55199},[15,75582,13287],{}," can also help.",[59,75585,2413],{"id":2412},[33,75587,75588,75594,75600,75604,75608],{},[36,75589,75590],{},[646,75591,55759,75592,11248],{"href":75017},[15,75593,64553],{},[36,75595,75596],{},[646,75597,13,75598,2422],{"href":74763},[15,75599,74666],{},[36,75601,75602],{},[646,75603,75049],{"href":75048},[36,75605,75606],{},[646,75607,74464],{"href":73781},[36,75609,75610],{},[646,75611,55759,75612,11248],{"href":55199},[15,75613,13287],{},[2459,75615,75616],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":75618},[75619,75620,75622,75623,75624,75626,75627,75634,75636,75637,75646],{"id":4123,"depth":105,"text":4124},{"id":73842,"depth":105,"text":75621},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":11984,"depth":105,"text":11985},{"id":74201,"depth":105,"text":75625},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74467,"depth":105,"text":74468},{"id":74661,"depth":105,"text":75628,"children":75629},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75630,75631,75632,75633],{"id":73819,"depth":122,"text":73763},{"id":74756,"depth":122,"text":74666},{"id":74878,"depth":122,"text":74879},{"id":74993,"depth":122,"text":74994},{"id":75024,"depth":105,"text":75635},"When to use reverse()",{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":75638},[75639,75641,75643,75645],{"id":75493,"depth":122,"text":75640},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75502,"depth":122,"text":75642},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75520,"depth":122,"text":75644},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75531,"depth":122,"text":75532},{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73755,"description":75647},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75654,"title":75655,"body":75656,"description":78089,"extension":2511,"meta":78090,"navigation":254,"path":78091,"seo":78092,"stem":78093,"__hash__":78094},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75657,"toc":78057},[75658,75661,75673,75676,75699,75707,75709,75821,75830,75834,75837,75840,75927,75929,75962,75964,75987,75993,75997,76000,76022,76024,76041,76044,76064,76066,76176,76178,76255,76259,76262,76305,76307,76440,76442,76544,76549,76553,76556,76558,76572,76575,76689,76691,76765,76767,76795,76799,76804,76834,76837,76963,76965,77047,77053,77057,77059,77098,77107,77111,77114,77118,77165,77167,77175,77179,77230,77232,77245,77247,77261,77264,77272,77274,77321,77323,77331,77334,77377,77382,77385,77388,77411,77415,77466,77469,77490,77500,77504,77506,77536,77539,77562,77566,77569,77636,77638,77675,77678,77686,77753,77755,77792,77798,77805,77809,77812,77842,77847,77851,77854,77878,77881,77975,77985,77987,77991,77994,77998,78001,78006,78009,78015,78018,78020,78048,78054],[10,75659,75655],{"id":75660},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75662,75663,75664,2728,75666,17583,75669,75672],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75665,36579],{},[15,75667,75668],{},"stop",[15,75670,75671],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75674,75675],{},"The basic slice form is:",[64,75677,75679],{"className":66,"code":75678,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75680,75681],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,75682,75683,75685,75687,75689,75691,75693,75695,75697],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,75684,8848],{"class":216},[73,75686,4410],{"class":83},[73,75688,36579],{"class":216},[73,75690,1063],{"class":83},[73,75692,75668],{"class":216},[73,75694,1063],{"class":83},[73,75696,75671],{"class":216},[73,75698,924],{"class":83},[20,75700,75701,75702,75704,75705,653],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75703,75668],{}," position is ",[1194,75706,65311],{},[59,75708,62],{"id":61},[64,75710,75712],{"className":66,"code":75711,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75713,75714,75742,75746,75767,75785,75802],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,75715,75716,75718,75720,75722,75724,75726,75728,75730,75732,75734,75736,75738,75740],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,75717,4134],{"class":216},[73,75719,221],{"class":220},[73,75721,891],{"class":83},[73,75723,452],{"class":116},[73,75725,140],{"class":83},[73,75727,8300],{"class":116},[73,75729,140],{"class":83},[73,75731,8305],{"class":116},[73,75733,140],{"class":83},[73,75735,51081],{"class":116},[73,75737,140],{"class":83},[73,75739,5594],{"class":116},[73,75741,924],{"class":83},[73,75743,75744],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,75745,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,75747,75748,75750,75752,75754,75756,75758,75760,75762,75764],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,75749,80],{"class":79},[73,75751,84],{"class":83},[73,75753,4164],{"class":245},[73,75755,4410],{"class":83},[73,75757,2397],{"class":116},[73,75759,1063],{"class":83},[73,75761,3036],{"class":116},[73,75763,20958],{"class":83},[73,75765,75766],{"class":769},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[73,75768,75769,75771,75773,75775,75778,75780,75782],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,75770,80],{"class":79},[73,75772,84],{"class":83},[73,75774,4164],{"class":245},[73,75776,75777],{"class":83},"[:",[73,75779,1304],{"class":116},[73,75781,20958],{"class":83},[73,75783,75784],{"class":769},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[73,75786,75787,75789,75791,75793,75795,75797,75799],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,75788,80],{"class":79},[73,75790,84],{"class":83},[73,75792,4164],{"class":245},[73,75794,74364],{"class":83},[73,75796,530],{"class":116},[73,75798,20958],{"class":83},[73,75800,75801],{"class":769},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[73,75803,75804,75806,75808,75810,75812,75814,75816,75818],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,75805,80],{"class":79},[73,75807,84],{"class":83},[73,75809,4164],{"class":245},[73,75811,74364],{"class":83},[73,75813,746],{"class":220},[73,75815,2397],{"class":116},[73,75817,20958],{"class":83},[73,75819,75820],{"class":769},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75822,171,75823,75826,75827,75829],{},[15,75824,75825],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75828,75668],{}," value is not included.",[59,75831,75833],{"id":75832},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75835,75836],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75838,75839],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[64,75841,75843],{"className":66,"code":75842,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75844,75845,75893,75897,75916],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,75846,75847,75849,75851,75853,75855,75857,75859,75861,75863,75865,75867,75869,75871,75873,75875,75877,75879,75881,75883,75885,75887,75889,75891],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,75848,36597],{"class":216},[73,75850,221],{"class":220},[73,75852,891],{"class":83},[73,75854,94],{"class":93},[73,75856,646],{"class":97},[73,75858,94],{"class":93},[73,75860,140],{"class":83},[73,75862,224],{"class":93},[73,75864,5274],{"class":97},[73,75866,94],{"class":93},[73,75868,140],{"class":83},[73,75870,224],{"class":93},[73,75872,10245],{"class":97},[73,75874,94],{"class":93},[73,75876,140],{"class":83},[73,75878,224],{"class":93},[73,75880,19280],{"class":97},[73,75882,94],{"class":93},[73,75884,140],{"class":83},[73,75886,224],{"class":93},[73,75888,60688],{"class":97},[73,75890,94],{"class":93},[73,75892,924],{"class":83},[73,75894,75895],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,75896,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,75898,75899,75902,75904,75906,75908,75910,75912,75914],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,75900,75901],{"class":216},"part ",[73,75903,221],{"class":220},[73,75905,70338],{"class":216},[73,75907,4410],{"class":83},[73,75909,2397],{"class":116},[73,75911,1063],{"class":83},[73,75913,3036],{"class":116},[73,75915,924],{"class":83},[73,75917,75918,75920,75922,75925],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,75919,80],{"class":79},[73,75921,84],{"class":83},[73,75923,75924],{"class":245},"part",[73,75926,249],{"class":83},[20,75928,148],{},[64,75930,75932],{"className":66,"code":75931,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75933,75934],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,75935,75936,75938,75940,75942,75944,75946,75948,75950,75952,75954,75956,75958,75960],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,75937,4410],{"class":83},[73,75939,343],{"class":93},[73,75941,5274],{"class":97},[73,75943,343],{"class":93},[73,75945,140],{"class":83},[73,75947,337],{"class":93},[73,75949,10245],{"class":97},[73,75951,343],{"class":93},[73,75953,140],{"class":83},[73,75955,337],{"class":93},[73,75957,19280],{"class":97},[73,75959,343],{"class":93},[73,75961,924],{"class":83},[20,75963,189],{},[33,75965,75966,75969,75972,75978,75984],{},[36,75967,75968],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[36,75970,75971],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[36,75973,75974,75975],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75976,75977],{},"list[start:stop]",[36,75979,75980,75981,75983],{},"The item at ",[15,75982,75668],{}," is not included",[36,75985,75986],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75988,75989,75990,653],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[646,75991,75992],{"href":51217},"beginner guide to Python lists",[59,75994,75996],{"id":75995},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75998,75999],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[64,76001,76002],{"className":66,"code":75678,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,76003,76004],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,76005,76006,76008,76010,76012,76014,76016,76018,76020],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,76007,8848],{"class":216},[73,76009,4410],{"class":83},[73,76011,36579],{"class":216},[73,76013,1063],{"class":83},[73,76015,75668],{"class":216},[73,76017,1063],{"class":83},[73,76019,75671],{"class":216},[73,76021,924],{"class":83},[20,76023,65287],{},[33,76025,76026,76031,76036],{},[36,76027,76028,76030],{},[15,76029,36579],{}," is where slicing begins",[36,76032,76033,76035],{},[15,76034,75668],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[36,76037,76038,76040],{},[15,76039,75671],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,76042,76043],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[33,76045,76046,76052,76057],{},[36,76047,76048,76049,76051],{},"Missing ",[15,76050,36579],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[36,76053,76048,76054,76056],{},[15,76055,75668],{}," means go to the end of the list",[36,76058,76048,76059,76061,76062],{},[15,76060,75671],{}," means use ",[15,76063,2397],{},[20,76065,206],{},[64,76067,76069],{"className":66,"code":76068,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,76070,76071,76099,76103,76124,76141,76159],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,76072,76073,76075,76077,76079,76081,76083,76085,76087,76089,76091,76093,76095,76097],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,76074,4134],{"class":216},[73,76076,221],{"class":220},[73,76078,891],{"class":83},[73,76080,452],{"class":116},[73,76082,140],{"class":83},[73,76084,8300],{"class":116},[73,76086,140],{"class":83},[73,76088,8305],{"class":116},[73,76090,140],{"class":83},[73,76092,51081],{"class":116},[73,76094,140],{"class":83},[73,76096,5594],{"class":116},[73,76098,924],{"class":83},[73,76100,76101],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,76102,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,76104,76105,76107,76109,76111,76113,76115,76117,76119,76121],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,76106,80],{"class":79},[73,76108,84],{"class":83},[73,76110,4164],{"class":245},[73,76112,4410],{"class":83},[73,76114,2397],{"class":116},[73,76116,1063],{"class":83},[73,76118,3036],{"class":116},[73,76120,20958],{"class":83},[73,76122,76123],{"class":769},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[73,76125,76126,76128,76130,76132,76134,76136,76138],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,76127,80],{"class":79},[73,76129,84],{"class":83},[73,76131,4164],{"class":245},[73,76133,75777],{"class":83},[73,76135,1304],{"class":116},[73,76137,20958],{"class":83},[73,76139,76140],{"class":769},"    # start from the beginning\n",[73,76142,76143,76145,76147,76149,76151,76153,76156],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,76144,80],{"class":79},[73,76146,84],{"class":83},[73,76148,4164],{"class":245},[73,76150,4410],{"class":83},[73,76152,530],{"class":116},[73,76154,76155],{"class":83},":])",[73,76157,76158],{"class":769},"    # go to the end\n",[73,76160,76161,76163,76165,76167,76169,76171,76173],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,76162,80],{"class":79},[73,76164,84],{"class":83},[73,76166,4164],{"class":245},[73,76168,74364],{"class":83},[73,76170,2397],{"class":116},[73,76172,20958],{"class":83},[73,76174,76175],{"class":769},"   # step of 1\n",[20,76177,148],{},[64,76179,76181],{"className":66,"code":76180,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,76182,76183,76199,76215,76231],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,76184,76185,76187,76189,76191,76193,76195,76197],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,76186,4410],{"class":83},[73,76188,16264],{"class":116},[73,76190,140],{"class":83},[73,76192,8305],{"class":116},[73,76194,140],{"class":83},[73,76196,51081],{"class":116},[73,76198,924],{"class":83},[73,76200,76201,76203,76205,76207,76209,76211,76213],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,76202,4410],{"class":83},[73,76204,452],{"class":116},[73,76206,140],{"class":83},[73,76208,8300],{"class":116},[73,76210,140],{"class":83},[73,76212,8305],{"class":116},[73,76214,924],{"class":83},[73,76216,76217,76219,76221,76223,76225,76227,76229],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,76218,4410],{"class":83},[73,76220,37348],{"class":116},[73,76222,140],{"class":83},[73,76224,51081],{"class":116},[73,76226,140],{"class":83},[73,76228,5594],{"class":116},[73,76230,924],{"class":83},[73,76232,76233,76235,76237,76239,76241,76243,76245,76247,76249,76251,76253],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,76234,4410],{"class":83},[73,76236,452],{"class":116},[73,76238,140],{"class":83},[73,76240,8300],{"class":116},[73,76242,140],{"class":83},[73,76244,8305],{"class":116},[73,76246,140],{"class":83},[73,76248,51081],{"class":116},[73,76250,140],{"class":83},[73,76252,5594],{"class":116},[73,76254,924],{"class":83},[59,76256,76258],{"id":76257},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,76260,76261],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[33,76263,76264,76273,76282,76293,76299],{},[36,76265,76266,76269,76270,6477],{},[15,76267,76268],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,76271,76272],{},"n",[36,76274,76275,76278,76279,76281],{},[15,76276,76277],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,76280,76272],{}," to the end",[36,76283,76284,76287,76288,76290,76291],{},[15,76285,76286],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,76289,646],{}," up to ",[15,76292,5274],{},[36,76294,76295,76298],{},[15,76296,76297],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[36,76300,76301,76304],{},[15,76302,76303],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,76306,206],{},[64,76308,76310],{"className":66,"code":76309,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,76311,76312,76345,76349,76366,76383,76404,76421],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,76313,76314,76316,76318,76320,76322,76324,76326,76328,76330,76332,76334,76336,76338,76340,76343],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,76315,4134],{"class":216},[73,76317,221],{"class":220},[73,76319,891],{"class":83},[73,76321,452],{"class":116},[73,76323,140],{"class":83},[73,76325,8300],{"class":116},[73,76327,140],{"class":83},[73,76329,8305],{"class":116},[73,76331,140],{"class":83},[73,76333,51081],{"class":116},[73,76335,140],{"class":83},[73,76337,5594],{"class":116},[73,76339,140],{"class":83},[73,76341,76342],{"class":116}," 60",[73,76344,924],{"class":83},[73,76346,76347],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,76348,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,76350,76351,76353,76355,76357,76359,76361,76363],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,76352,80],{"class":79},[73,76354,84],{"class":83},[73,76356,4164],{"class":245},[73,76358,75777],{"class":83},[73,76360,1304],{"class":116},[73,76362,20958],{"class":83},[73,76364,76365],{"class":769},"    # first 3 items\n",[73,76367,76368,76370,76372,76374,76376,76378,76380],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,76369,80],{"class":79},[73,76371,84],{"class":83},[73,76373,4164],{"class":245},[73,76375,4410],{"class":83},[73,76377,1304],{"class":116},[73,76379,76155],{"class":83},[73,76381,76382],{"class":769},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[73,76384,76385,76387,76389,76391,76393,76395,76397,76399,76401],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,76386,80],{"class":79},[73,76388,84],{"class":83},[73,76390,4164],{"class":245},[73,76392,4410],{"class":83},[73,76394,2397],{"class":116},[73,76396,1063],{"class":83},[73,76398,688],{"class":116},[73,76400,20958],{"class":83},[73,76402,76403],{"class":769},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[73,76405,76406,76408,76410,76412,76414,76416,76418],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,76407,80],{"class":79},[73,76409,84],{"class":83},[73,76411,4164],{"class":245},[73,76413,74364],{"class":83},[73,76415,530],{"class":116},[73,76417,20958],{"class":83},[73,76419,76420],{"class":769},"   # every second item\n",[73,76422,76423,76425,76427,76429,76431,76433,76435,76437],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,76424,80],{"class":79},[73,76426,84],{"class":83},[73,76428,4164],{"class":245},[73,76430,74364],{"class":83},[73,76432,746],{"class":220},[73,76434,2397],{"class":116},[73,76436,20958],{"class":83},[73,76438,76439],{"class":769},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76441,148],{},[64,76443,76445],{"className":66,"code":76444,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76446,76447,76463,76479,76499,76515],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,76448,76449,76451,76453,76455,76457,76459,76461],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,76450,4410],{"class":83},[73,76452,452],{"class":116},[73,76454,140],{"class":83},[73,76456,8300],{"class":116},[73,76458,140],{"class":83},[73,76460,8305],{"class":116},[73,76462,924],{"class":83},[73,76464,76465,76467,76469,76471,76473,76475,76477],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,76466,4410],{"class":83},[73,76468,56932],{"class":116},[73,76470,140],{"class":83},[73,76472,5594],{"class":116},[73,76474,140],{"class":83},[73,76476,76342],{"class":116},[73,76478,924],{"class":83},[73,76480,76481,76483,76485,76487,76489,76491,76493,76495,76497],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,76482,4410],{"class":83},[73,76484,16264],{"class":116},[73,76486,140],{"class":83},[73,76488,8305],{"class":116},[73,76490,140],{"class":83},[73,76492,51081],{"class":116},[73,76494,140],{"class":83},[73,76496,5594],{"class":116},[73,76498,924],{"class":83},[73,76500,76501,76503,76505,76507,76509,76511,76513],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,76502,4410],{"class":83},[73,76504,452],{"class":116},[73,76506,140],{"class":83},[73,76508,8305],{"class":116},[73,76510,140],{"class":83},[73,76512,5594],{"class":116},[73,76514,924],{"class":83},[73,76516,76517,76519,76522,76524,76526,76528,76530,76532,76534,76536,76538,76540,76542],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,76518,4410],{"class":83},[73,76520,76521],{"class":116},"60",[73,76523,140],{"class":83},[73,76525,5594],{"class":116},[73,76527,140],{"class":83},[73,76529,51081],{"class":116},[73,76531,140],{"class":83},[73,76533,8305],{"class":116},[73,76535,140],{"class":83},[73,76537,8300],{"class":116},[73,76539,140],{"class":83},[73,76541,6516],{"class":116},[73,76543,924],{"class":83},[20,76545,76546,76547,653],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[646,76548,15397],{"href":57459},[59,76550,76552],{"id":76551},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76554,76555],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76557,5985],{},[33,76559,76560,76566],{},[36,76561,76562,76565],{},[15,76563,76564],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[36,76567,76568,76571],{},[15,76569,76570],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76573,76574],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[64,76576,76578],{"className":66,"code":76577,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76579,76580,76628,76632,76651,76670],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,76581,76582,76584,76586,76588,76590,76592,76594,76596,76598,76600,76602,76604,76606,76608,76610,76612,76614,76616,76618,76620,76622,76624,76626],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,76583,36597],{"class":216},[73,76585,221],{"class":220},[73,76587,891],{"class":83},[73,76589,94],{"class":93},[73,76591,646],{"class":97},[73,76593,94],{"class":93},[73,76595,140],{"class":83},[73,76597,224],{"class":93},[73,76599,5274],{"class":97},[73,76601,94],{"class":93},[73,76603,140],{"class":83},[73,76605,224],{"class":93},[73,76607,10245],{"class":97},[73,76609,94],{"class":93},[73,76611,140],{"class":83},[73,76613,224],{"class":93},[73,76615,19280],{"class":97},[73,76617,94],{"class":93},[73,76619,140],{"class":83},[73,76621,224],{"class":93},[73,76623,60688],{"class":97},[73,76625,94],{"class":93},[73,76627,924],{"class":83},[73,76629,76630],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,76631,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,76633,76634,76636,76638,76640,76642,76644,76646,76648],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,76635,80],{"class":79},[73,76637,84],{"class":83},[73,76639,36650],{"class":245},[73,76641,4410],{"class":83},[73,76643,746],{"class":220},[73,76645,2397],{"class":116},[73,76647,20958],{"class":83},[73,76649,76650],{"class":769},"    # last item\n",[73,76652,76653,76655,76657,76659,76661,76663,76665,76667],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,76654,80],{"class":79},[73,76656,84],{"class":83},[73,76658,36650],{"class":245},[73,76660,4410],{"class":83},[73,76662,746],{"class":220},[73,76664,1304],{"class":116},[73,76666,76155],{"class":83},[73,76668,76669],{"class":769},"   # last 3 items\n",[73,76671,76672,76674,76676,76678,76680,76682,76684,76686],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,76673,80],{"class":79},[73,76675,84],{"class":83},[73,76677,36650],{"class":245},[73,76679,75777],{"class":83},[73,76681,746],{"class":220},[73,76683,2397],{"class":116},[73,76685,20958],{"class":83},[73,76687,76688],{"class":769},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76690,148],{},[64,76692,76694],{"className":66,"code":76693,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76695,76696,76701,76729],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,76697,76698],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,76699,76700],{"class":216},"e\n",[73,76702,76703,76705,76707,76709,76711,76713,76715,76717,76719,76721,76723,76725,76727],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,76704,4410],{"class":83},[73,76706,343],{"class":93},[73,76708,10245],{"class":97},[73,76710,343],{"class":93},[73,76712,140],{"class":83},[73,76714,337],{"class":93},[73,76716,19280],{"class":97},[73,76718,343],{"class":93},[73,76720,140],{"class":83},[73,76722,337],{"class":93},[73,76724,60688],{"class":97},[73,76726,343],{"class":93},[73,76728,924],{"class":83},[73,76730,76731,76733,76735,76737,76739,76741,76743,76745,76747,76749,76751,76753,76755,76757,76759,76761,76763],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,76732,4410],{"class":83},[73,76734,343],{"class":93},[73,76736,646],{"class":97},[73,76738,343],{"class":93},[73,76740,140],{"class":83},[73,76742,337],{"class":93},[73,76744,5274],{"class":97},[73,76746,343],{"class":93},[73,76748,140],{"class":83},[73,76750,337],{"class":93},[73,76752,10245],{"class":97},[73,76754,343],{"class":93},[73,76756,140],{"class":83},[73,76758,337],{"class":93},[73,76760,19280],{"class":97},[73,76762,343],{"class":93},[73,76764,924],{"class":83},[20,76766,189],{},[33,76768,76769,76772,76776,76782,76788],{},[36,76770,76771],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[36,76773,76774,76565],{},[15,76775,76564],{},[36,76777,76778,76781],{},[15,76779,76780],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[36,76783,76784,76787],{},[15,76785,76786],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[36,76789,76790,76791,1647,76793],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76792,36579],{},[15,76794,75668],{},[59,76796,76798],{"id":76797},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76800,1580,76801,76803],{},[15,76802,75671],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[33,76805,76806,76809,76812,76817,76827],{},[36,76807,76808],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[36,76810,76811],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[36,76813,76814,76816],{},[15,76815,76303],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[36,76818,9384,76819,76821,76822,76824,76825],{},[15,76820,75671],{}," is negative, ",[15,76823,36579],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76826,75668],{},[36,76828,76829,76831,76832],{},[15,76830,75671],{}," cannot be ",[15,76833,806],{},[20,76835,76836],{},"Example with different step values:",[64,76838,76840],{"className":66,"code":76839,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76841,76842,76874,76878,76895,76917,76936],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,76843,76844,76846,76848,76850,76852,76854,76856,76858,76860,76862,76864,76866,76868,76870,76872],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,76845,4134],{"class":216},[73,76847,221],{"class":220},[73,76849,891],{"class":83},[73,76851,452],{"class":116},[73,76853,140],{"class":83},[73,76855,8300],{"class":116},[73,76857,140],{"class":83},[73,76859,8305],{"class":116},[73,76861,140],{"class":83},[73,76863,51081],{"class":116},[73,76865,140],{"class":83},[73,76867,5594],{"class":116},[73,76869,140],{"class":83},[73,76871,76342],{"class":116},[73,76873,924],{"class":83},[73,76875,76876],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,76877,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,76879,76880,76882,76884,76886,76888,76890,76892],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,76881,80],{"class":79},[73,76883,84],{"class":83},[73,76885,4164],{"class":245},[73,76887,74364],{"class":83},[73,76889,530],{"class":116},[73,76891,20958],{"class":83},[73,76893,76894],{"class":769},"     # every second item\n",[73,76896,76897,76899,76901,76903,76905,76907,76910,76912,76914],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,76898,80],{"class":79},[73,76900,84],{"class":83},[73,76902,4164],{"class":245},[73,76904,4410],{"class":83},[73,76906,2397],{"class":116},[73,76908,76909],{"class":83},"::",[73,76911,530],{"class":116},[73,76913,20958],{"class":83},[73,76915,76916],{"class":769},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[73,76918,76919,76921,76923,76925,76927,76929,76931,76933],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,76920,80],{"class":79},[73,76922,84],{"class":83},[73,76924,4164],{"class":245},[73,76926,74364],{"class":83},[73,76928,746],{"class":220},[73,76930,2397],{"class":116},[73,76932,20958],{"class":83},[73,76934,76935],{"class":769},"    # reverse the list\n",[73,76937,76938,76940,76942,76944,76946,76948,76950,76952,76954,76956,76958,76960],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,76939,80],{"class":79},[73,76941,84],{"class":83},[73,76943,4164],{"class":245},[73,76945,4410],{"class":83},[73,76947,3036],{"class":116},[73,76949,1063],{"class":83},[73,76951,2397],{"class":116},[73,76953,1063],{"class":83},[73,76955,746],{"class":220},[73,76957,2397],{"class":116},[73,76959,20958],{"class":83},[73,76961,76962],{"class":769},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76964,148],{},[64,76966,76968],{"className":66,"code":76967,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76969,76970,76986,77002,77030],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,76971,76972,76974,76976,76978,76980,76982,76984],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,76973,4410],{"class":83},[73,76975,452],{"class":116},[73,76977,140],{"class":83},[73,76979,8305],{"class":116},[73,76981,140],{"class":83},[73,76983,5594],{"class":116},[73,76985,924],{"class":83},[73,76987,76988,76990,76992,76994,76996,76998,77000],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,76989,4410],{"class":83},[73,76991,16264],{"class":116},[73,76993,140],{"class":83},[73,76995,51081],{"class":116},[73,76997,140],{"class":83},[73,76999,76342],{"class":116},[73,77001,924],{"class":83},[73,77003,77004,77006,77008,77010,77012,77014,77016,77018,77020,77022,77024,77026,77028],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,77005,4410],{"class":83},[73,77007,76521],{"class":116},[73,77009,140],{"class":83},[73,77011,5594],{"class":116},[73,77013,140],{"class":83},[73,77015,51081],{"class":116},[73,77017,140],{"class":83},[73,77019,8305],{"class":116},[73,77021,140],{"class":83},[73,77023,8300],{"class":116},[73,77025,140],{"class":83},[73,77027,6516],{"class":116},[73,77029,924],{"class":83},[73,77031,77032,77034,77037,77039,77041,77043,77045],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,77033,4410],{"class":83},[73,77035,77036],{"class":116},"50",[73,77038,140],{"class":83},[73,77040,51081],{"class":116},[73,77042,140],{"class":83},[73,77044,8305],{"class":116},[73,77046,924],{"class":83},[20,77048,77049,77050,653],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[646,77051,77052],{"href":75048},"how to reverse a list in Python",[403,77054,77056],{"id":77055},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,77058,3367],{},[64,77060,77062],{"className":66,"code":77061,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77063,77064,77084],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,77065,77066,77068,77070,77072,77074,77076,77078,77080,77082],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,77067,4134],{"class":216},[73,77069,221],{"class":220},[73,77071,891],{"class":83},[73,77073,2397],{"class":116},[73,77075,140],{"class":83},[73,77077,143],{"class":116},[73,77079,140],{"class":83},[73,77081,2982],{"class":116},[73,77083,924],{"class":83},[73,77085,77086,77088,77090,77092,77094,77096],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,77087,80],{"class":79},[73,77089,84],{"class":83},[73,77091,4164],{"class":245},[73,77093,74364],{"class":83},[73,77095,806],{"class":116},[73,77097,4398],{"class":83},[20,77099,77100,77101,77103,77104,77106],{},"Python raises a ",[15,77102,781],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,77105,806],{}," does not make sense.",[59,77108,77110],{"id":77109},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,77112,77113],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[403,77115,77117],{"id":77116},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[64,77119,77121],{"className":66,"code":77120,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,77122,77123,77147,77151],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,77124,77125,77127,77129,77131,77133,77135,77137,77139,77141,77143,77145],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,77126,4134],{"class":216},[73,77128,221],{"class":220},[73,77130,891],{"class":83},[73,77132,452],{"class":116},[73,77134,140],{"class":83},[73,77136,8300],{"class":116},[73,77138,140],{"class":83},[73,77140,8305],{"class":116},[73,77142,140],{"class":83},[73,77144,51081],{"class":116},[73,77146,924],{"class":83},[73,77148,77149],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,77150,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,77152,77153,77155,77157,77159,77161,77163],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,77154,80],{"class":79},[73,77156,84],{"class":83},[73,77158,4164],{"class":245},[73,77160,4410],{"class":83},[73,77162,530],{"class":116},[73,77164,4398],{"class":83},[20,77166,148],{},[64,77168,77169],{"className":66,"code":70082,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,77170,77171],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,77172,77173],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,77174,70082],{"class":116},[403,77176,77178],{"id":77177},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[64,77180,77182],{"className":66,"code":77181,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,77183,77184,77208,77212],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,77185,77186,77188,77190,77192,77194,77196,77198,77200,77202,77204,77206],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,77187,4134],{"class":216},[73,77189,221],{"class":220},[73,77191,891],{"class":83},[73,77193,452],{"class":116},[73,77195,140],{"class":83},[73,77197,8300],{"class":116},[73,77199,140],{"class":83},[73,77201,8305],{"class":116},[73,77203,140],{"class":83},[73,77205,51081],{"class":116},[73,77207,924],{"class":83},[73,77209,77210],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,77211,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,77213,77214,77216,77218,77220,77222,77224,77226,77228],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,77215,80],{"class":79},[73,77217,84],{"class":83},[73,77219,4164],{"class":245},[73,77221,4410],{"class":83},[73,77223,530],{"class":116},[73,77225,1063],{"class":83},[73,77227,1304],{"class":116},[73,77229,4398],{"class":83},[20,77231,148],{},[64,77233,77235],{"className":66,"code":77234,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[30]\n",[15,77236,77237],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,77238,77239,77241,77243],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,77240,4410],{"class":83},[73,77242,37348],{"class":116},[73,77244,924],{"class":83},[20,77246,14274],{},[33,77248,77249,77255],{},[36,77250,77251,77254],{},[15,77252,77253],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[36,77256,77257,77260],{},[15,77258,77259],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,77262,77263],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[33,77265,77266,77269],{},[36,77267,77268],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[36,77270,77271],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,77273,206],{},[64,77275,77277],{"className":66,"code":77276,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,77278,77279,77299,77303],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,77280,77281,77283,77285,77287,77289,77291,77293,77295,77297],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,77282,4134],{"class":216},[73,77284,221],{"class":220},[73,77286,891],{"class":83},[73,77288,452],{"class":116},[73,77290,140],{"class":83},[73,77292,8300],{"class":116},[73,77294,140],{"class":83},[73,77296,8305],{"class":116},[73,77298,924],{"class":83},[73,77300,77301],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,77302,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,77304,77305,77307,77309,77311,77313,77315,77317,77319],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,77306,80],{"class":79},[73,77308,84],{"class":83},[73,77310,4164],{"class":245},[73,77312,4410],{"class":83},[73,77314,688],{"class":116},[73,77316,1063],{"class":83},[73,77318,452],{"class":116},[73,77320,4398],{"class":83},[20,77322,148],{},[64,77324,77325],{"className":66,"code":38804,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,77326,77327],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,77328,77329],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,77330,38804],{"class":83},[20,77332,77333],{},"But this would raise an error:",[64,77335,77337],{"className":66,"code":77336,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,77338,77339,77359,77363],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,77340,77341,77343,77345,77347,77349,77351,77353,77355,77357],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,77342,4134],{"class":216},[73,77344,221],{"class":220},[73,77346,891],{"class":83},[73,77348,452],{"class":116},[73,77350,140],{"class":83},[73,77352,8300],{"class":116},[73,77354,140],{"class":83},[73,77356,8305],{"class":116},[73,77358,924],{"class":83},[73,77360,77361],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,77362,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,77364,77365,77367,77369,77371,77373,77375],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,77366,80],{"class":79},[73,77368,84],{"class":83},[73,77370,4164],{"class":245},[73,77372,4410],{"class":83},[73,77374,688],{"class":116},[73,77376,4398],{"class":83},[20,77378,77379,77380,653],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[646,77381,69501],{"href":69500},[59,77383,15686],{"id":77384},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,77386,77387],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[33,77389,77390,77394,77396,77399,77405],{},[36,77391,5217,77392,75983],{},[15,77393,75668],{},[36,77395,60933],{},[36,77397,77398],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[36,77400,37711,77401,9213,77403],{},[15,77402,76303],{},[15,77404,73768],{},[36,77406,77407,77408,77410],{},"Using step ",[15,77409,806],{},", which causes an error",[403,77412,77414],{"id":77413},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[64,77416,77418],{"className":66,"code":77417,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77419,77420,77448],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,77421,77422,77424,77426,77428,77430,77432,77434,77436,77438,77440,77442,77444,77446],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,77423,4134],{"class":216},[73,77425,221],{"class":220},[73,77427,891],{"class":83},[73,77429,452],{"class":116},[73,77431,140],{"class":83},[73,77433,8300],{"class":116},[73,77435,140],{"class":83},[73,77437,8305],{"class":116},[73,77439,140],{"class":83},[73,77441,51081],{"class":116},[73,77443,140],{"class":83},[73,77445,5594],{"class":116},[73,77447,924],{"class":83},[73,77449,77450,77452,77454,77456,77458,77460,77462,77464],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,77451,80],{"class":79},[73,77453,84],{"class":83},[73,77455,4164],{"class":245},[73,77457,4410],{"class":83},[73,77459,2397],{"class":116},[73,77461,1063],{"class":83},[73,77463,3036],{"class":116},[73,77465,4398],{"class":83},[20,77467,77468],{},"This returns:",[64,77470,77472],{"className":66,"code":77471,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77473,77474],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,77475,77476,77478,77480,77482,77484,77486,77488],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,77477,4410],{"class":83},[73,77479,16264],{"class":116},[73,77481,140],{"class":83},[73,77483,8305],{"class":116},[73,77485,140],{"class":83},[73,77487,51081],{"class":116},[73,77489,924],{"class":83},[20,77491,41410,77492,77494,77495,77497,77498,653],{},[1194,77493,1196],{}," include ",[15,77496,77036],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77499,3036],{},[403,77501,77503],{"id":77502},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77505,17154],{},[64,77507,77509],{"className":66,"code":77508,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77510,77511,77531],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,77512,77513,77515,77517,77519,77521,77523,77525,77527,77529],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,77514,4134],{"class":216},[73,77516,221],{"class":220},[73,77518,891],{"class":83},[73,77520,452],{"class":116},[73,77522,140],{"class":83},[73,77524,8300],{"class":116},[73,77526,140],{"class":83},[73,77528,8305],{"class":116},[73,77530,924],{"class":83},[73,77532,77533],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,77534,77535],{"class":769},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77537,77538],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[64,77540,77542],{"className":66,"code":77541,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77543,77544],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,77545,77546,77548,77550,77552,77554,77556,77558,77560],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,77547,80],{"class":79},[73,77549,84],{"class":83},[73,77551,4164],{"class":245},[73,77553,4410],{"class":83},[73,77555,2397],{"class":116},[73,77557,1063],{"class":83},[73,77559,1304],{"class":116},[73,77561,4398],{"class":83},[403,77563,77565],{"id":77564},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77567,77568],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[64,77570,77572],{"className":66,"code":77571,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77573,77574,77598,77612,77616,77626],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,77575,77576,77578,77580,77582,77584,77586,77588,77590,77592,77594,77596],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,77577,4134],{"class":216},[73,77579,221],{"class":220},[73,77581,891],{"class":83},[73,77583,452],{"class":116},[73,77585,140],{"class":83},[73,77587,8300],{"class":116},[73,77589,140],{"class":83},[73,77591,8305],{"class":116},[73,77593,140],{"class":83},[73,77595,51081],{"class":116},[73,77597,924],{"class":83},[73,77599,77600,77602,77604,77606,77608,77610],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,77601,75901],{"class":216},[73,77603,221],{"class":220},[73,77605,4775],{"class":216},[73,77607,75777],{"class":83},[73,77609,530],{"class":116},[73,77611,924],{"class":83},[73,77613,77614],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,77615,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,77617,77618,77620,77622,77624],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,77619,80],{"class":79},[73,77621,84],{"class":83},[73,77623,75924],{"class":245},[73,77625,249],{"class":83},[73,77627,77628,77630,77632,77634],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,77629,80],{"class":79},[73,77631,84],{"class":83},[73,77633,4164],{"class":245},[73,77635,249],{"class":83},[20,77637,148],{},[64,77639,77641],{"className":66,"code":77640,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77642,77643,77655],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,77644,77645,77647,77649,77651,77653],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,77646,4410],{"class":83},[73,77648,452],{"class":116},[73,77650,140],{"class":83},[73,77652,8300],{"class":116},[73,77654,924],{"class":83},[73,77656,77657,77659,77661,77663,77665,77667,77669,77671,77673],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,77658,4410],{"class":83},[73,77660,452],{"class":116},[73,77662,140],{"class":83},[73,77664,8300],{"class":116},[73,77666,140],{"class":83},[73,77668,8305],{"class":116},[73,77670,140],{"class":83},[73,77672,51081],{"class":116},[73,77674,924],{"class":83},[20,77676,77677],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[403,77679,77681,77682,9213,77684],{"id":77680},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77683,76303],{},[15,77685,73768],{},[64,77687,77689],{"className":66,"code":77688,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77690,77691,77711,77715,77732,77743],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,77692,77693,77695,77697,77699,77701,77703,77705,77707,77709],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,77694,4134],{"class":216},[73,77696,221],{"class":220},[73,77698,891],{"class":83},[73,77700,452],{"class":116},[73,77702,140],{"class":83},[73,77704,8300],{"class":116},[73,77706,140],{"class":83},[73,77708,8305],{"class":116},[73,77710,924],{"class":83},[73,77712,77713],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,77714,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,77716,77717,77720,77722,77724,77726,77728,77730],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,77718,77719],{"class":216},"reversed_copy ",[73,77721,221],{"class":220},[73,77723,4775],{"class":216},[73,77725,74364],{"class":83},[73,77727,746],{"class":220},[73,77729,2397],{"class":116},[73,77731,924],{"class":83},[73,77733,77734,77736,77738,77741],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,77735,80],{"class":79},[73,77737,84],{"class":83},[73,77739,77740],{"class":245},"reversed_copy",[73,77742,249],{"class":83},[73,77744,77745,77747,77749,77751],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,77746,80],{"class":79},[73,77748,84],{"class":83},[73,77750,4164],{"class":245},[73,77752,249],{"class":83},[20,77754,148],{},[64,77756,77758],{"className":66,"code":77757,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77759,77760,77776],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,77761,77762,77764,77766,77768,77770,77772,77774],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,77763,4410],{"class":83},[73,77765,37348],{"class":116},[73,77767,140],{"class":83},[73,77769,8300],{"class":116},[73,77771,140],{"class":83},[73,77773,6516],{"class":116},[73,77775,924],{"class":83},[73,77777,77778,77780,77782,77784,77786,77788,77790],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,77779,4410],{"class":83},[73,77781,452],{"class":116},[73,77783,140],{"class":83},[73,77785,8300],{"class":116},[73,77787,140],{"class":83},[73,77789,8305],{"class":116},[73,77791,924],{"class":83},[20,77793,77794,77797],{},[15,77795,77796],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77799,77800,77801,77804],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77802,77803],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[403,77806,77808],{"id":77807},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77810,77811],{},"This is not allowed:",[64,77813,77815],{"className":66,"code":77814,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77816,77817,77837],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,77818,77819,77821,77823,77825,77827,77829,77831,77833,77835],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,77820,4134],{"class":216},[73,77822,221],{"class":220},[73,77824,891],{"class":83},[73,77826,452],{"class":116},[73,77828,140],{"class":83},[73,77830,8300],{"class":116},[73,77832,140],{"class":83},[73,77834,8305],{"class":116},[73,77836,924],{"class":83},[73,77838,77839],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,77840,77841],{"class":769},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77843,77844,77845,653],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77846,781],{},[59,77848,77850],{"id":77849},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77852,77853],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[33,77855,77856,77863,77869,77872,77875],{},[36,77857,37711,77858,1647,77860,77862],{},[15,77859,36579],{},[15,77861,75668],{}," positions",[36,77864,77865,77866,77868],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77867,75668],{}," index is included",[36,77870,77871],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[36,77873,77874],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[36,77876,77877],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77879,77880],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[64,77882,77884],{"className":66,"code":77883,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77885,77886,77896,77910,77928,77942,77959],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,77887,77888,77890,77892,77894],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,77889,80],{"class":79},[73,77891,84],{"class":83},[73,77893,8848],{"class":245},[73,77895,249],{"class":83},[73,77897,77898,77900,77902,77904,77906,77908],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,77899,80],{"class":79},[73,77901,84],{"class":83},[73,77903,11670],{"class":79},[73,77905,84],{"class":83},[73,77907,8848],{"class":245},[73,77909,102],{"class":83},[73,77911,77912,77914,77916,77918,77920,77922,77924,77926],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,77913,80],{"class":79},[73,77915,84],{"class":83},[73,77917,8848],{"class":245},[73,77919,4410],{"class":83},[73,77921,2397],{"class":116},[73,77923,1063],{"class":83},[73,77925,3036],{"class":116},[73,77927,4398],{"class":83},[73,77929,77930,77932,77934,77936,77938,77940],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,77931,80],{"class":79},[73,77933,84],{"class":83},[73,77935,8848],{"class":245},[73,77937,75777],{"class":83},[73,77939,1304],{"class":116},[73,77941,4398],{"class":83},[73,77943,77944,77946,77948,77950,77952,77954,77956],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,77945,80],{"class":79},[73,77947,84],{"class":83},[73,77949,8848],{"class":245},[73,77951,4410],{"class":83},[73,77953,746],{"class":220},[73,77955,1304],{"class":116},[73,77957,77958],{"class":83},":])\n",[73,77960,77961,77963,77965,77967,77969,77971,77973],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,77962,80],{"class":79},[73,77964,84],{"class":83},[73,77966,8848],{"class":245},[73,77968,74364],{"class":83},[73,77970,746],{"class":220},[73,77972,2397],{"class":116},[73,77974,4398],{"class":83},[20,77976,657,77977,77979,77980,77984],{},[15,77978,42855],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[646,77981,77983],{"href":77982},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[59,77986,2350],{"id":2349},[403,77988,77990],{"id":77989},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77992,77993],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[403,77995,77997],{"id":77996},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77999,78000],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[403,78002,2387,78004,40467],{"id":78003},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,78005,76303],{},[20,78007,78008],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[403,78010,78012,78013,3023],{"id":78011},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,78014,70973],{},[20,78016,78017],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[59,78019,2413],{"id":2412},[33,78021,78022,78027,78032,78036,78040,78044],{},[36,78023,78024],{},[646,78025,78026],{"href":51217},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[36,78028,78029],{},[646,78030,78031],{"href":57393},"How to create a list in Python",[36,78033,78034],{},[646,78035,15474],{"href":57459},[36,78037,78038],{},[646,78039,75049],{"href":75048},[36,78041,78042],{},[646,78043,77983],{"href":77982},[36,78045,78046],{},[646,78047,69501],{"href":69500},[20,78049,78050,78051,78053],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,78052,42855],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2459,78055,78056],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":78058},[78059,78060,78061,78062,78063,78064,78067,78071,78079,78080,78088],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":75832,"depth":105,"text":75833},{"id":75995,"depth":105,"text":75996},{"id":76257,"depth":105,"text":76258},{"id":76551,"depth":105,"text":76552},{"id":76797,"depth":105,"text":76798,"children":78065},[78066],{"id":77055,"depth":122,"text":77056},{"id":77109,"depth":105,"text":77110,"children":78068},[78069,78070],{"id":77116,"depth":122,"text":77117},{"id":77177,"depth":122,"text":77178},{"id":77384,"depth":105,"text":15686,"children":78072},[78073,78074,78075,78076,78078],{"id":77413,"depth":122,"text":77414},{"id":77502,"depth":122,"text":77503},{"id":77564,"depth":122,"text":77565},{"id":77680,"depth":122,"text":78077},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77807,"depth":122,"text":77808},{"id":77849,"depth":105,"text":77850},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":78081},[78082,78083,78084,78086],{"id":77989,"depth":122,"text":77990},{"id":77996,"depth":122,"text":77997},{"id":78003,"depth":122,"text":78085},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":78011,"depth":122,"text":78087},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75655,"description":78089},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":78096,"title":78097,"body":78098,"description":80167,"extension":2511,"meta":80168,"navigation":254,"path":80169,"seo":80170,"stem":80171,"__hash__":80172},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":78099,"toc":80133},[78100,78105,78111,78117,78119,78166,78173,78178,78182,78197,78200,78253,78255,78280,78285,78287,78319,78322,78338,78340,78401,78403,78428,78432,78437,78490,78492,78517,78522,78583,78585,78610,78613,78620,78624,78627,78688,78690,78723,78726,78787,78789,78822,78828,78901,78903,78935,78942,78947,78952,78954,78966,78969,79047,79049,79090,79093,79167,79169,79202,79207,79214,79221,79225,79234,79238,79246,79248,79315,79317,79353,79358,79369,79371,79376,79381,79383,79446,79448,79473,79480,79485,79489,79492,79532,79537,79543,79548,79550,79577,79582,79585,79632,79634,79691,79698,79703,79709,79778,79782,79785,79848,79850,79883,79888,79890,79893,79974,79976,80000,80006,80008,80013,80017,80024,80032,80036,80038,80061,80065,80067,80094,80097,80104,80107,80109,80130],[10,78101,54581,78103,11831],{"id":78102},"python-list-sort-method",[15,78104,64553],{},[20,78106,78107,78110],{},[15,78108,78109],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,78112,78113,78114,78116],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,78115,64553],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[59,78118,62],{"id":61},[64,78120,78122],{"className":66,"code":78121,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78123,78124,78144,78154],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,78125,78126,78128,78130,78132,78134,78136,78138,78140,78142],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,78127,4134],{"class":216},[73,78129,221],{"class":220},[73,78131,891],{"class":83},[73,78133,1304],{"class":116},[73,78135,140],{"class":83},[73,78137,2085],{"class":116},[73,78139,140],{"class":83},[73,78141,143],{"class":116},[73,78143,924],{"class":83},[73,78145,78146,78148,78150,78152],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,78147,4164],{"class":216},[73,78149,653],{"class":83},[73,78151,35305],{"class":245},[73,78153,9151],{"class":83},[73,78155,78156,78158,78160,78162,78164],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,78157,80],{"class":79},[73,78159,84],{"class":83},[73,78161,4164],{"class":245},[73,78163,4177],{"class":83},[73,78165,55171],{"class":769},[20,78167,171,78168,78170,78171,653],{},[15,78169,78109],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,78172,1842],{},[59,78174,178,78176,181],{"id":78175},"what-listsort-does",[15,78177,78109],{},[20,78179,78180,1063],{},[15,78181,78109],{},[33,78183,78184,78187,78190,78194],{},[36,78185,78186],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[36,78188,78189],{},"Changes the original list",[36,78191,11933,78192],{},[15,78193,1842],{},[36,78195,78196],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,78198,78199],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[64,78201,78203],{"className":66,"code":78202,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78204,78205,78229,78239,78243],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,78206,78207,78209,78211,78213,78215,78217,78219,78221,78223,78225,78227],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,78208,4134],{"class":216},[73,78210,221],{"class":220},[73,78212,891],{"class":83},[73,78214,688],{"class":116},[73,78216,140],{"class":83},[73,78218,143],{"class":116},[73,78220,140],{"class":83},[73,78222,54375],{"class":116},[73,78224,140],{"class":83},[73,78226,2085],{"class":116},[73,78228,924],{"class":83},[73,78230,78231,78233,78235,78237],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,78232,4164],{"class":216},[73,78234,653],{"class":83},[73,78236,35305],{"class":245},[73,78238,9151],{"class":83},[73,78240,78241],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,78242,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,78244,78245,78247,78249,78251],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,78246,80],{"class":79},[73,78248,84],{"class":83},[73,78250,4164],{"class":245},[73,78252,249],{"class":83},[20,78254,148],{},[64,78256,78258],{"className":66,"code":78257,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,78259,78260],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,78261,78262,78264,78266,78268,78270,78272,78274,78276,78278],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,78263,4410],{"class":83},[73,78265,2397],{"class":116},[73,78267,140],{"class":83},[73,78269,143],{"class":116},[73,78271,140],{"class":83},[73,78273,5118],{"class":116},[73,78275,140],{"class":83},[73,78277,54375],{"class":116},[73,78279,924],{"class":83},[20,78281,78282,78283,653],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[646,78284,67319],{"href":51217},[59,78286,370],{"id":369},[64,78288,78290],{"className":66,"code":78289,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,78291,78292],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,78293,78294,78296,78298,78300,78302,78304,78306,78308,78310,78313,78315,78317],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,78295,8848],{"class":216},[73,78297,653],{"class":83},[73,78299,35305],{"class":245},[73,78301,84],{"class":83},[73,78303,15350],{"class":9682},[73,78305,221],{"class":220},[73,78307,1842],{"class":484},[73,78309,140],{"class":83},[73,78311,78312],{"class":9682}," reverse",[73,78314,221],{"class":220},[73,78316,1367],{"class":484},[73,78318,249],{"class":83},[20,78320,78321],{},"Main arguments:",[33,78323,78324,78329,78335],{},[36,78325,78326,78328],{},[15,78327,15350],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[36,78330,78331,78334],{},[15,78332,78333],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[36,78336,78337],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,78339,206],{},[64,78341,78343],{"className":66,"code":78342,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78344,78345,78369,78387,78391],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,78346,78347,78349,78351,78353,78355,78357,78359,78361,78363,78365,78367],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,78348,4134],{"class":216},[73,78350,221],{"class":220},[73,78352,891],{"class":83},[73,78354,3036],{"class":116},[73,78356,140],{"class":83},[73,78358,2085],{"class":116},[73,78360,140],{"class":83},[73,78362,6505],{"class":116},[73,78364,140],{"class":83},[73,78366,143],{"class":116},[73,78368,924],{"class":83},[73,78370,78371,78373,78375,78377,78379,78381,78383,78385],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,78372,4164],{"class":216},[73,78374,653],{"class":83},[73,78376,35305],{"class":245},[73,78378,84],{"class":83},[73,78380,73819],{"class":9682},[73,78382,221],{"class":220},[73,78384,430],{"class":484},[73,78386,249],{"class":83},[73,78388,78389],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,78390,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,78392,78393,78395,78397,78399],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,78394,80],{"class":79},[73,78396,84],{"class":83},[73,78398,4164],{"class":245},[73,78400,249],{"class":83},[20,78402,148],{},[64,78404,78406],{"className":66,"code":78405,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,78407,78408],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,78409,78410,78412,78414,78416,78418,78420,78422,78424,78426],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,78411,4410],{"class":83},[73,78413,2571],{"class":116},[73,78415,140],{"class":83},[73,78417,2988],{"class":116},[73,78419,140],{"class":83},[73,78421,143],{"class":116},[73,78423,140],{"class":83},[73,78425,2085],{"class":116},[73,78427,924],{"class":83},[59,78429,78431],{"id":78430},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,78433,171,78434,78436],{},[15,78435,64553],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[64,78438,78440],{"className":66,"code":78439,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78441,78442,78466,78476,78480],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,78443,78444,78446,78448,78450,78452,78454,78456,78458,78460,78462,78464],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,78445,4134],{"class":216},[73,78447,221],{"class":220},[73,78449,891],{"class":83},[73,78451,452],{"class":116},[73,78453,140],{"class":83},[73,78455,2982],{"class":116},[73,78457,140],{"class":83},[73,78459,594],{"class":116},[73,78461,140],{"class":83},[73,78463,2085],{"class":116},[73,78465,924],{"class":83},[73,78467,78468,78470,78472,78474],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,78469,4164],{"class":216},[73,78471,653],{"class":83},[73,78473,35305],{"class":245},[73,78475,9151],{"class":83},[73,78477,78478],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,78479,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,78481,78482,78484,78486,78488],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,78483,80],{"class":79},[73,78485,84],{"class":83},[73,78487,4164],{"class":245},[73,78489,249],{"class":83},[20,78491,148],{},[64,78493,78495],{"className":66,"code":78494,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78496,78497],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,78498,78499,78501,78503,78505,78507,78509,78511,78513,78515],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,78500,4410],{"class":83},[73,78502,2397],{"class":116},[73,78504,140],{"class":83},[73,78506,2982],{"class":116},[73,78508,140],{"class":83},[73,78510,594],{"class":116},[73,78512,140],{"class":83},[73,78514,6516],{"class":116},[73,78516,924],{"class":83},[20,78518,171,78519,78521],{},[15,78520,78333],{}," for descending order:",[64,78523,78525],{"className":66,"code":78524,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78526,78527,78551,78569,78573],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,78528,78529,78531,78533,78535,78537,78539,78541,78543,78545,78547,78549],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,78530,4134],{"class":216},[73,78532,221],{"class":220},[73,78534,891],{"class":83},[73,78536,452],{"class":116},[73,78538,140],{"class":83},[73,78540,2982],{"class":116},[73,78542,140],{"class":83},[73,78544,594],{"class":116},[73,78546,140],{"class":83},[73,78548,2085],{"class":116},[73,78550,924],{"class":83},[73,78552,78553,78555,78557,78559,78561,78563,78565,78567],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,78554,4164],{"class":216},[73,78556,653],{"class":83},[73,78558,35305],{"class":245},[73,78560,84],{"class":83},[73,78562,73819],{"class":9682},[73,78564,221],{"class":220},[73,78566,430],{"class":484},[73,78568,249],{"class":83},[73,78570,78571],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,78572,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,78574,78575,78577,78579,78581],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,78576,80],{"class":79},[73,78578,84],{"class":83},[73,78580,4164],{"class":245},[73,78582,249],{"class":83},[20,78584,148],{},[64,78586,78588],{"className":66,"code":78587,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78589,78590],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,78591,78592,78594,78596,78598,78600,78602,78604,78606,78608],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,78593,4410],{"class":83},[73,78595,452],{"class":116},[73,78597,140],{"class":83},[73,78599,594],{"class":116},[73,78601,140],{"class":83},[73,78603,2982],{"class":116},[73,78605,140],{"class":83},[73,78607,2085],{"class":116},[73,78609,924],{"class":83},[20,78611,78612],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78614,78615,78616,653],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[646,78617,78619],{"href":78618},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[59,78621,78623],{"id":78622},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78625,78626],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[64,78628,78630],{"className":66,"code":78629,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78631,78632,78664,78674,78678],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,78633,78634,78636,78638,78640,78642,78644,78646,78648,78650,78652,78654,78656,78658,78660,78662],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,78635,4581],{"class":216},[73,78637,221],{"class":220},[73,78639,891],{"class":83},[73,78641,94],{"class":93},[73,78643,4599],{"class":97},[73,78645,94],{"class":93},[73,78647,140],{"class":83},[73,78649,224],{"class":93},[73,78651,4590],{"class":97},[73,78653,94],{"class":93},[73,78655,140],{"class":83},[73,78657,224],{"class":93},[73,78659,4608],{"class":97},[73,78661,94],{"class":93},[73,78663,924],{"class":83},[73,78665,78666,78668,78670,78672],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,78667,4625],{"class":216},[73,78669,653],{"class":83},[73,78671,35305],{"class":245},[73,78673,9151],{"class":83},[73,78675,78676],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,78677,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,78679,78680,78682,78684,78686],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,78681,80],{"class":79},[73,78683,84],{"class":83},[73,78685,4625],{"class":245},[73,78687,249],{"class":83},[20,78689,148],{},[64,78691,78693],{"className":66,"code":78692,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78694,78695],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,78696,78697,78699,78701,78703,78705,78707,78709,78711,78713,78715,78717,78719,78721],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,78698,4410],{"class":83},[73,78700,343],{"class":93},[73,78702,4590],{"class":97},[73,78704,343],{"class":93},[73,78706,140],{"class":83},[73,78708,337],{"class":93},[73,78710,4599],{"class":97},[73,78712,343],{"class":93},[73,78714,140],{"class":83},[73,78716,337],{"class":93},[73,78718,4608],{"class":97},[73,78720,343],{"class":93},[73,78722,924],{"class":83},[20,78724,78725],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[64,78727,78729],{"className":66,"code":78728,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78730,78731,78763,78773,78777],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,78732,78733,78735,78737,78739,78741,78743,78745,78747,78749,78751,78753,78755,78757,78759,78761],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,78734,4581],{"class":216},[73,78736,221],{"class":220},[73,78738,891],{"class":83},[73,78740,94],{"class":93},[73,78742,4599],{"class":97},[73,78744,94],{"class":93},[73,78746,140],{"class":83},[73,78748,224],{"class":93},[73,78750,58008],{"class":97},[73,78752,94],{"class":93},[73,78754,140],{"class":83},[73,78756,224],{"class":93},[73,78758,4608],{"class":97},[73,78760,94],{"class":93},[73,78762,924],{"class":83},[73,78764,78765,78767,78769,78771],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,78766,4625],{"class":216},[73,78768,653],{"class":83},[73,78770,35305],{"class":245},[73,78772,9151],{"class":83},[73,78774,78775],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,78776,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,78778,78779,78781,78783,78785],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,78780,80],{"class":79},[73,78782,84],{"class":83},[73,78784,4625],{"class":245},[73,78786,249],{"class":83},[20,78788,148],{},[64,78790,78792],{"className":66,"code":78791,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78793,78794],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,78795,78796,78798,78800,78802,78804,78806,78808,78810,78812,78814,78816,78818,78820],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,78797,4410],{"class":83},[73,78799,343],{"class":93},[73,78801,58008],{"class":97},[73,78803,343],{"class":93},[73,78805,140],{"class":83},[73,78807,337],{"class":93},[73,78809,4599],{"class":97},[73,78811,343],{"class":93},[73,78813,140],{"class":83},[73,78815,337],{"class":93},[73,78817,4608],{"class":97},[73,78819,343],{"class":93},[73,78821,924],{"class":83},[20,78823,78824,78825,1063],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78826,78827],{},"key=str.lower",[64,78829,78831],{"className":66,"code":78830,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78832,78833,78865,78887,78891],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,78834,78835,78837,78839,78841,78843,78845,78847,78849,78851,78853,78855,78857,78859,78861,78863],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,78836,4581],{"class":216},[73,78838,221],{"class":220},[73,78840,891],{"class":83},[73,78842,94],{"class":93},[73,78844,4599],{"class":97},[73,78846,94],{"class":93},[73,78848,140],{"class":83},[73,78850,224],{"class":93},[73,78852,58008],{"class":97},[73,78854,94],{"class":93},[73,78856,140],{"class":83},[73,78858,224],{"class":93},[73,78860,4608],{"class":97},[73,78862,94],{"class":93},[73,78864,924],{"class":83},[73,78866,78867,78869,78871,78873,78875,78877,78879,78881,78883,78885],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,78868,4625],{"class":216},[73,78870,653],{"class":83},[73,78872,35305],{"class":245},[73,78874,84],{"class":83},[73,78876,15350],{"class":9682},[73,78878,221],{"class":220},[73,78880,340],{"class":87},[73,78882,653],{"class":83},[73,78884,9148],{"class":25260},[73,78886,249],{"class":83},[73,78888,78889],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,78890,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,78892,78893,78895,78897,78899],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,78894,80],{"class":79},[73,78896,84],{"class":83},[73,78898,4625],{"class":245},[73,78900,249],{"class":83},[20,78902,148],{},[64,78904,78905],{"className":66,"code":78791,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,78906,78907],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,78908,78909,78911,78913,78915,78917,78919,78921,78923,78925,78927,78929,78931,78933],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,78910,4410],{"class":83},[73,78912,343],{"class":93},[73,78914,58008],{"class":97},[73,78916,343],{"class":93},[73,78918,140],{"class":83},[73,78920,337],{"class":93},[73,78922,4599],{"class":97},[73,78924,343],{"class":93},[73,78926,140],{"class":83},[73,78928,337],{"class":93},[73,78930,4608],{"class":97},[73,78932,343],{"class":93},[73,78934,924],{"class":83},[20,78936,78937,78938,78941],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78939,78940],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[59,78943,37120,78945,2029],{"id":78944},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78946,15350],{},[20,78948,1580,78949,78951],{},[15,78950,15350],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78953,7852],{},[33,78955,78956,78961],{},[36,78957,78958,78960],{},[15,78959,11670],{}," to sort by length",[36,78962,78963,78965],{},[15,78964,78940],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78967,78968],{},"Sort words by length:",[64,78970,78972],{"className":66,"code":78971,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78973,78974,79015,79033,79037],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,78975,78976,78978,78980,78982,78984,78987,78989,78991,78993,78995,78997,78999,79001,79003,79005,79007,79009,79011,79013],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,78977,4581],{"class":216},[73,78979,221],{"class":220},[73,78981,891],{"class":83},[73,78983,94],{"class":93},[73,78985,78986],{"class":97},"pear",[73,78988,94],{"class":93},[73,78990,140],{"class":83},[73,78992,224],{"class":93},[73,78994,4599],{"class":97},[73,78996,94],{"class":93},[73,78998,140],{"class":83},[73,79000,224],{"class":93},[73,79002,38865],{"class":97},[73,79004,94],{"class":93},[73,79006,140],{"class":83},[73,79008,224],{"class":93},[73,79010,4590],{"class":97},[73,79012,94],{"class":93},[73,79014,924],{"class":83},[73,79016,79017,79019,79021,79023,79025,79027,79029,79031],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,79018,4625],{"class":216},[73,79020,653],{"class":83},[73,79022,35305],{"class":245},[73,79024,84],{"class":83},[73,79026,15350],{"class":9682},[73,79028,221],{"class":220},[73,79030,11670],{"class":79},[73,79032,249],{"class":83},[73,79034,79035],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,79036,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,79038,79039,79041,79043,79045],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,79040,80],{"class":79},[73,79042,84],{"class":83},[73,79044,4625],{"class":245},[73,79046,249],{"class":83},[20,79048,148],{},[64,79050,79052],{"className":66,"code":79051,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,79053,79054],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,79055,79056,79058,79060,79062,79064,79066,79068,79070,79072,79074,79076,79078,79080,79082,79084,79086,79088],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,79057,4410],{"class":83},[73,79059,343],{"class":93},[73,79061,38865],{"class":97},[73,79063,343],{"class":93},[73,79065,140],{"class":83},[73,79067,337],{"class":93},[73,79069,78986],{"class":97},[73,79071,343],{"class":93},[73,79073,140],{"class":83},[73,79075,337],{"class":93},[73,79077,4590],{"class":97},[73,79079,343],{"class":93},[73,79081,140],{"class":83},[73,79083,337],{"class":93},[73,79085,4599],{"class":97},[73,79087,343],{"class":93},[73,79089,924],{"class":83},[20,79091,79092],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[64,79094,79096],{"className":66,"code":79095,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79097,79098,79131,79153,79157],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,79099,79100,79102,79104,79106,79108,79110,79112,79114,79116,79118,79120,79122,79124,79127,79129],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,79101,4581],{"class":216},[73,79103,221],{"class":220},[73,79105,891],{"class":83},[73,79107,94],{"class":93},[73,79109,5526],{"class":97},[73,79111,94],{"class":93},[73,79113,140],{"class":83},[73,79115,224],{"class":93},[73,79117,18315],{"class":97},[73,79119,94],{"class":93},[73,79121,140],{"class":83},[73,79123,224],{"class":93},[73,79125,79126],{"class":97},"Carol",[73,79128,94],{"class":93},[73,79130,924],{"class":83},[73,79132,79133,79135,79137,79139,79141,79143,79145,79147,79149,79151],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,79134,4625],{"class":216},[73,79136,653],{"class":83},[73,79138,35305],{"class":245},[73,79140,84],{"class":83},[73,79142,15350],{"class":9682},[73,79144,221],{"class":220},[73,79146,340],{"class":87},[73,79148,653],{"class":83},[73,79150,9148],{"class":25260},[73,79152,249],{"class":83},[73,79154,79155],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,79156,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,79158,79159,79161,79163,79165],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,79160,80],{"class":79},[73,79162,84],{"class":83},[73,79164,4625],{"class":245},[73,79166,249],{"class":83},[20,79168,148],{},[64,79170,79172],{"className":66,"code":79171,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,79173,79174],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,79175,79176,79178,79180,79182,79184,79186,79188,79190,79192,79194,79196,79198,79200],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,79177,4410],{"class":83},[73,79179,343],{"class":93},[73,79181,18315],{"class":97},[73,79183,343],{"class":93},[73,79185,140],{"class":83},[73,79187,337],{"class":93},[73,79189,5526],{"class":97},[73,79191,343],{"class":93},[73,79193,140],{"class":83},[73,79195,337],{"class":93},[73,79197,79126],{"class":97},[73,79199,343],{"class":93},[73,79201,924],{"class":83},[20,79203,1580,79204,79206],{},[15,79205,15350],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[59,79208,79210,11092,79212],{"id":79209},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,79211,78109],{},[15,79213,74666],{},[20,79215,79216,1647,79218,79220],{},[15,79217,78109],{},[15,79219,74666],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,79222,79223,1063],{},[15,79224,78109],{},[33,79226,79227,79230],{},[36,79228,79229],{},"Changes the existing list",[36,79231,11933,79232],{},[15,79233,1842],{},[20,79235,79236,1063],{},[15,79237,74666],{},[33,79239,79240,79243],{},[36,79241,79242],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[36,79244,79245],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,79247,206],{},[64,79249,79251],{"className":66,"code":79250,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,79252,79253,79273,79277,79291,79295,79305],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,79254,79255,79257,79259,79261,79263,79265,79267,79269,79271],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,79256,4134],{"class":216},[73,79258,221],{"class":220},[73,79260,891],{"class":83},[73,79262,1304],{"class":116},[73,79264,140],{"class":83},[73,79266,2085],{"class":116},[73,79268,140],{"class":83},[73,79270,143],{"class":116},[73,79272,924],{"class":83},[73,79274,79275],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,79276,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,79278,79279,79281,79283,79285,79287,79289],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,79280,56129],{"class":216},[73,79282,221],{"class":220},[73,79284,74800],{"class":79},[73,79286,84],{"class":83},[73,79288,4164],{"class":245},[73,79290,249],{"class":83},[73,79292,79293],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,79294,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,79296,79297,79299,79301,79303],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,79298,80],{"class":79},[73,79300,84],{"class":83},[73,79302,4164],{"class":245},[73,79304,249],{"class":83},[73,79306,79307,79309,79311,79313],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,79308,80],{"class":79},[73,79310,84],{"class":83},[73,79312,74523],{"class":245},[73,79314,249],{"class":83},[20,79316,148],{},[64,79318,79319],{"className":66,"code":74835,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,79320,79321,79337],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,79322,79323,79325,79327,79329,79331,79333,79335],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,79324,4410],{"class":83},[73,79326,1304],{"class":116},[73,79328,140],{"class":83},[73,79330,2085],{"class":116},[73,79332,140],{"class":83},[73,79334,143],{"class":116},[73,79336,924],{"class":83},[73,79338,79339,79341,79343,79345,79347,79349,79351],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,79340,4410],{"class":83},[73,79342,2397],{"class":116},[73,79344,140],{"class":83},[73,79346,143],{"class":116},[73,79348,140],{"class":83},[73,79350,2982],{"class":116},[73,79352,924],{"class":83},[20,79354,171,79355,79357],{},[15,79356,74666],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,79359,79360,79361,1647,79365,653],{},"You can learn more in ",[646,79362,13,79363,6295],{"href":74763},[15,79364,74666],{},[646,79366,79368],{"href":79367},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[59,79370,2102],{"id":2101},[20,79372,79373,79374,653],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,79375,78109],{},[403,79377,13106,79379],{"id":79378},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,79380,64553],{},[20,79382,26200],{},[64,79384,79386],{"className":66,"code":79385,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79387,79388,79408,79422,79426,79436],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,79389,79390,79392,79394,79396,79398,79400,79402,79404,79406],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,79391,4134],{"class":216},[73,79393,221],{"class":220},[73,79395,891],{"class":83},[73,79397,1304],{"class":116},[73,79399,140],{"class":83},[73,79401,2085],{"class":116},[73,79403,140],{"class":83},[73,79405,143],{"class":116},[73,79407,924],{"class":83},[73,79409,79410,79412,79414,79416,79418,79420],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,79411,2766],{"class":216},[73,79413,221],{"class":220},[73,79415,4775],{"class":216},[73,79417,653],{"class":83},[73,79419,35305],{"class":245},[73,79421,9151],{"class":83},[73,79423,79424],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,79425,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,79427,79428,79430,79432,79434],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,79429,80],{"class":79},[73,79431,84],{"class":83},[73,79433,2800],{"class":245},[73,79435,249],{"class":83},[73,79437,79438,79440,79442,79444],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,79439,80],{"class":79},[73,79441,84],{"class":83},[73,79443,4164],{"class":245},[73,79445,249],{"class":83},[20,79447,148],{},[64,79449,79451],{"className":66,"code":79450,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79452,79453,79457],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,79454,79455],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,79456,12319],{"class":484},[73,79458,79459,79461,79463,79465,79467,79469,79471],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,79460,4410],{"class":83},[73,79462,2397],{"class":116},[73,79464,140],{"class":83},[73,79466,143],{"class":116},[73,79468,140],{"class":83},[73,79470,2982],{"class":116},[73,79472,924],{"class":83},[20,79474,79475,79477,79478,653],{},[15,79476,64553],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79479,1842],{},[20,79481,79482,79483,7140],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79484,74666],{},[403,79486,79488],{"id":79487},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79490,79491],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[64,79493,79495],{"className":66,"code":79494,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79496,79497,79522],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,79498,79499,79501,79503,79505,79507,79509,79511,79514,79516,79518,79520],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,79500,8289],{"class":216},[73,79502,221],{"class":220},[73,79504,891],{"class":83},[73,79506,2397],{"class":116},[73,79508,140],{"class":83},[73,79510,224],{"class":93},[73,79512,79513],{"class":97},"two",[73,79515,94],{"class":93},[73,79517,140],{"class":83},[73,79519,2982],{"class":116},[73,79521,924],{"class":83},[73,79523,79524,79526,79528,79530],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,79525,8320],{"class":216},[73,79527,653],{"class":83},[73,79529,35305],{"class":245},[73,79531,9151],{"class":83},[20,79533,3526,79534,79536],{},[15,79535,1630],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[403,79538,5217,79540,79542],{"id":79539},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79541,64553],{}," only works on lists",[20,79544,79545,79547],{},[15,79546,64553],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79549,17154],{},[64,79551,79553],{"className":66,"code":79552,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79554,79555,79567],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,79556,79557,79559,79561,79563,79565],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,79558,217],{"class":216},[73,79560,221],{"class":220},[73,79562,224],{"class":93},[73,79564,68],{"class":97},[73,79566,230],{"class":93},[73,79568,79569,79571,79573,79575],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,79570,246],{"class":216},[73,79572,653],{"class":83},[73,79574,35305],{"class":245},[73,79576,9151],{"class":83},[20,79578,79579,79580,34107],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79581,64553],{},[20,79583,79584],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[64,79586,79588],{"className":66,"code":79587,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79589,79590,79608,79618,79622],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,79591,79592,79594,79596,79598,79600,79602,79604,79606],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,79593,36597],{"class":216},[73,79595,221],{"class":220},[73,79597,23069],{"class":87},[73,79599,84],{"class":83},[73,79601,94],{"class":93},[73,79603,68],{"class":97},[73,79605,94],{"class":93},[73,79607,249],{"class":83},[73,79609,79610,79612,79614,79616],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,79611,36650],{"class":216},[73,79613,653],{"class":83},[73,79615,35305],{"class":245},[73,79617,9151],{"class":83},[73,79619,79620],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,79621,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,79623,79624,79626,79628,79630],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,79625,80],{"class":79},[73,79627,84],{"class":83},[73,79629,36650],{"class":245},[73,79631,249],{"class":83},[20,79633,148],{},[64,79635,79637],{"className":66,"code":79636,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79638,79639],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,79640,79641,79643,79645,79647,79649,79651,79653,79655,79657,79659,79661,79663,79665,79667,79669,79671,79673,79675,79677,79679,79681,79683,79685,79687,79689],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,79642,4410],{"class":83},[73,79644,343],{"class":93},[73,79646,60679],{"class":97},[73,79648,343],{"class":93},[73,79650,140],{"class":83},[73,79652,337],{"class":93},[73,79654,76272],{"class":97},[73,79656,343],{"class":93},[73,79658,140],{"class":83},[73,79660,337],{"class":93},[73,79662,60714],{"class":97},[73,79664,343],{"class":93},[73,79666,140],{"class":83},[73,79668,337],{"class":93},[73,79670,20],{"class":97},[73,79672,343],{"class":93},[73,79674,140],{"class":83},[73,79676,337],{"class":93},[73,79678,63528],{"class":97},[73,79680,343],{"class":93},[73,79682,140],{"class":83},[73,79684,337],{"class":93},[73,79686,12256],{"class":97},[73,79688,343],{"class":93},[73,79690,924],{"class":83},[403,79692,79694,79695,79697],{"id":79693},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79696,15350],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79699,79700,79701,653],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79702,15350],{},[20,79704,79705,79706,79708],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79707,64553],{}," will not do that:",[64,79710,79712],{"className":66,"code":79711,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79713,79714,79746,79764,79768],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,79715,79716,79718,79720,79722,79724,79726,79728,79730,79732,79734,79736,79738,79740,79742,79744],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,79717,4581],{"class":216},[73,79719,221],{"class":220},[73,79721,891],{"class":83},[73,79723,94],{"class":93},[73,79725,4599],{"class":97},[73,79727,94],{"class":93},[73,79729,140],{"class":83},[73,79731,224],{"class":93},[73,79733,38865],{"class":97},[73,79735,94],{"class":93},[73,79737,140],{"class":83},[73,79739,224],{"class":93},[73,79741,4590],{"class":97},[73,79743,94],{"class":93},[73,79745,924],{"class":83},[73,79747,79748,79750,79752,79754,79756,79758,79760,79762],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,79749,4625],{"class":216},[73,79751,653],{"class":83},[73,79753,35305],{"class":245},[73,79755,84],{"class":83},[73,79757,15350],{"class":9682},[73,79759,221],{"class":220},[73,79761,11670],{"class":79},[73,79763,249],{"class":83},[73,79765,79766],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,79767,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,79769,79770,79772,79774,79776],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,79771,80],{"class":79},[73,79773,84],{"class":83},[73,79775,4625],{"class":245},[73,79777,249],{"class":83},[403,79779,79781],{"id":79780},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79783,79784],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[64,79786,79788],{"className":66,"code":79787,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79789,79790,79824,79834,79838],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,79791,79792,79794,79796,79798,79800,79803,79805,79807,79809,79811,79813,79815,79817,79820,79822],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,79793,4581],{"class":216},[73,79795,221],{"class":220},[73,79797,891],{"class":83},[73,79799,94],{"class":93},[73,79801,79802],{"class":97},"zebra",[73,79804,94],{"class":93},[73,79806,140],{"class":83},[73,79808,224],{"class":93},[73,79810,58008],{"class":97},[73,79812,94],{"class":93},[73,79814,140],{"class":83},[73,79816,224],{"class":93},[73,79818,79819],{"class":97},"monkey",[73,79821,94],{"class":93},[73,79823,924],{"class":83},[73,79825,79826,79828,79830,79832],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,79827,4625],{"class":216},[73,79829,653],{"class":83},[73,79831,35305],{"class":245},[73,79833,9151],{"class":83},[73,79835,79836],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,79837,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,79839,79840,79842,79844,79846],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,79841,80],{"class":79},[73,79843,84],{"class":83},[73,79845,4625],{"class":245},[73,79847,249],{"class":83},[20,79849,148],{},[64,79851,79853],{"className":66,"code":79852,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79854,79855],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,79856,79857,79859,79861,79863,79865,79867,79869,79871,79873,79875,79877,79879,79881],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,79858,4410],{"class":83},[73,79860,343],{"class":93},[73,79862,58008],{"class":97},[73,79864,343],{"class":93},[73,79866,140],{"class":83},[73,79868,337],{"class":93},[73,79870,79819],{"class":97},[73,79872,343],{"class":93},[73,79874,140],{"class":83},[73,79876,337],{"class":93},[73,79878,79802],{"class":97},[73,79880,343],{"class":93},[73,79882,924],{"class":83},[20,79884,171,79885,79887],{},[15,79886,78827],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[403,79889,60951],{"id":60950},[20,79891,79892],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[64,79894,79896],{"className":66,"code":79895,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79897,79898,79908,79922,79936,79950],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,79899,79900,79902,79904,79906],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,79901,80],{"class":79},[73,79903,84],{"class":83},[73,79905,8848],{"class":245},[73,79907,249],{"class":83},[73,79909,79910,79912,79914,79916,79918,79920],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,79911,80],{"class":79},[73,79913,84],{"class":83},[73,79915,288],{"class":87},[73,79917,84],{"class":83},[73,79919,8848],{"class":245},[73,79921,102],{"class":83},[73,79923,79924,79926,79928,79930,79932,79934],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,79925,80],{"class":79},[73,79927,84],{"class":83},[73,79929,8848],{"class":245},[73,79931,653],{"class":83},[73,79933,35305],{"class":245},[73,79935,7704],{"class":83},[73,79937,79938,79940,79942,79944,79946,79948],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,79939,80],{"class":79},[73,79941,84],{"class":83},[73,79943,74756],{"class":79},[73,79945,84],{"class":83},[73,79947,8848],{"class":245},[73,79949,102],{"class":83},[73,79951,79952,79954,79956,79958,79960,79962,79964,79966,79968,79970,79972],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,79953,80],{"class":79},[73,79955,3510],{"class":83},[73,79957,288],{"class":87},[73,79959,84],{"class":83},[73,79961,23820],{"class":245},[73,79963,4177],{"class":83},[73,79965,4388],{"class":933},[73,79967,6472],{"class":245},[73,79969,940],{"class":933},[73,79971,8905],{"class":245},[73,79973,4398],{"class":83},[20,79975,11679],{},[33,79977,79978,79981,79984,79991,79997],{},[36,79979,79980],{},"What values are in the list",[36,79982,79983],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[36,79985,79986,79987,2928,79989],{},"That ",[15,79988,64553],{},[15,79990,1842],{},[36,79992,79993,79994,79996],{},"Whether ",[15,79995,74666],{}," works better for your case",[36,79998,79999],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,80001,80002,80003,80005],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,80004,1630],{}," problems.",[59,80007,2350],{"id":2349},[403,80009,2354,80011,55708],{"id":80010},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,80012,78109],{},[20,80014,62844,80015,653],{},[15,80016,1842],{},[403,80018,5691,80020,1647,80022,3023],{"id":80019},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,80021,64553],{},[15,80023,74666],{},[20,80025,80026,80028,80029,80031],{},[15,80027,64553],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,80030,74666],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[403,80033,80035],{"id":80034},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,80037,19207],{},[64,80039,80041],{"className":66,"code":80040,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,80042,80043],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,80044,80045,80047,80049,80051,80053,80055,80057,80059],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,80046,8848],{"class":216},[73,80048,653],{"class":83},[73,80050,35305],{"class":245},[73,80052,84],{"class":83},[73,80054,73819],{"class":9682},[73,80056,221],{"class":220},[73,80058,430],{"class":484},[73,80060,249],{"class":83},[403,80062,80064],{"id":80063},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,80066,19207],{},[64,80068,80070],{"className":66,"code":80069,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,80071,80072],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,80073,80074,80076,80078,80080,80082,80084,80086,80088,80090,80092],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,80075,8848],{"class":216},[73,80077,653],{"class":83},[73,80079,35305],{"class":245},[73,80081,84],{"class":83},[73,80083,15350],{"class":9682},[73,80085,221],{"class":220},[73,80087,340],{"class":87},[73,80089,653],{"class":83},[73,80091,9148],{"class":25260},[73,80093,249],{"class":83},[20,80095,80096],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[403,80098,80100,80101,80103],{"id":80099},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,80102,1630],{}," when sorting?",[20,80105,80106],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[59,80108,2413],{"id":2412},[33,80110,80111,80116,80122,80126],{},[36,80112,80113],{},[646,80114,80115],{"href":78618},"How to sort a list in Python",[36,80117,80118],{},[646,80119,13,80120,6295],{"href":74763},[15,80121,74666],{},[36,80123,80124],{},[646,80125,67319],{"href":51217},[36,80127,80128],{},[646,80129,79368],{"href":79367},[2459,80131,80132],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":80134},[80135,80136,80138,80139,80140,80141,80143,80145,80156,80166],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":78175,"depth":105,"text":80137},"What list.sort() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":78430,"depth":105,"text":78431},{"id":78622,"depth":105,"text":78623},{"id":78944,"depth":105,"text":80142},"Using the key argument",{"id":79209,"depth":105,"text":80144},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102,"children":80146},[80147,80149,80150,80152,80154,80155],{"id":79378,"depth":122,"text":80148},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79487,"depth":122,"text":79488},{"id":79539,"depth":122,"text":80151},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79693,"depth":122,"text":80153},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79780,"depth":122,"text":79781},{"id":60950,"depth":122,"text":60951},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":80157},[80158,80160,80162,80163,80164],{"id":80010,"depth":122,"text":80159},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":80019,"depth":122,"text":80161},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":80034,"depth":122,"text":80035},{"id":80063,"depth":122,"text":80064},{"id":80099,"depth":122,"text":80165},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":78097,"description":80167},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":80174,"title":80175,"body":80176,"description":82807,"extension":2511,"meta":82808,"navigation":254,"path":82809,"seo":82810,"stem":82811,"__hash__":82812},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":80177,"toc":82766},[80178,80183,80188,80191,80202,80205,80225,80227,80289,80291,80332,80341,80346,80351,80357,80368,80370,80389,80392,80397,80402,80404,80409,80423,80425,80443,80446,80463,80466,80472,80495,80500,80502,80505,80566,80568,80601,80603,80642,80650,80660,80666,80671,80764,80766,80790,80792,80810,80813,80844,80850,80855,80858,80860,80985,80987,81011,81013,81032,81038,81044,81163,81165,81182,81189,81195,81200,81207,81213,81215,81272,81275,81296,81299,81302,81363,81365,81398,81402,81472,81474,81491,81495,81498,81573,81575,81612,81615,81618,81689,81691,81752,81757,81762,81765,81779,81781,81854,81856,81876,81879,81882,81939,82001,82004,82036,82039,82054,82059,82061,82067,82070,82126,82129,82131,82150,82154,82156,82200,82209,82211,82271,82275,82278,82280,82373,82375,82490,82494,82496,82570,82573,82576,82578,82583,82648,82650,82674,82684,82686,82692,82701,82710,82719,82725,82728,82732,82735,82737,82763],[10,80179,13,80181,18],{"id":80180},"python-map-function-explained",[15,80182,40224],{},[20,80184,4098,80185,80187],{},[15,80186,40224],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80189,80190],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[33,80192,80193,80196,80199],{},[36,80194,80195],{},"converting numbers to strings",[36,80197,80198],{},"changing strings to integers",[36,80200,80201],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,80203,80204],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[33,80206,80207,80214,80220],{},[36,80208,80209,1192,80211,80213],{},[15,80210,40224],{},[1194,80212,1196],{}," return a list in Python 3",[36,80215,80216,80217],{},"it returns a ",[1194,80218,80219],{},"map object",[36,80221,80222,80223],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,80224,25291],{},[59,80226,62],{"id":61},[64,80228,80230],{"className":66,"code":80229,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80231,80232,80256,80275],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,80233,80234,80236,80238,80240,80242,80244,80246,80248,80250,80252,80254],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,80235,4134],{"class":216},[73,80237,221],{"class":220},[73,80239,891],{"class":83},[73,80241,2397],{"class":116},[73,80243,140],{"class":83},[73,80245,143],{"class":116},[73,80247,140],{"class":83},[73,80249,2982],{"class":116},[73,80251,140],{"class":83},[73,80253,2988],{"class":116},[73,80255,924],{"class":83},[73,80257,80258,80260,80262,80265,80267,80269,80271,80273],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,80259,2766],{"class":216},[73,80261,221],{"class":220},[73,80263,80264],{"class":79}," map",[73,80266,84],{"class":83},[73,80268,340],{"class":87},[73,80270,140],{"class":83},[73,80272,4775],{"class":245},[73,80274,249],{"class":83},[73,80276,80277,80279,80281,80283,80285,80287],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,80278,80],{"class":79},[73,80280,84],{"class":83},[73,80282,8604],{"class":87},[73,80284,84],{"class":83},[73,80286,2800],{"class":245},[73,80288,102],{"class":83},[20,80290,148],{},[64,80292,80294],{"className":66,"code":80293,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,80295,80296],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,80297,80298,80300,80302,80304,80306,80308,80310,80312,80314,80316,80318,80320,80322,80324,80326,80328,80330],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,80299,4410],{"class":83},[73,80301,343],{"class":93},[73,80303,2397],{"class":97},[73,80305,343],{"class":93},[73,80307,140],{"class":83},[73,80309,337],{"class":93},[73,80311,530],{"class":97},[73,80313,343],{"class":93},[73,80315,140],{"class":83},[73,80317,337],{"class":93},[73,80319,1304],{"class":97},[73,80321,343],{"class":93},[73,80323,140],{"class":83},[73,80325,337],{"class":93},[73,80327,3036],{"class":97},[73,80329,343],{"class":93},[73,80331,924],{"class":83},[20,80333,171,80334,80337,80338,80340],{},[15,80335,80336],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,80339,25291],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[59,80342,178,80344,181],{"id":80343},"what-map-does",[15,80345,40224],{},[20,80347,80348,80350],{},[15,80349,40224],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80352,80353,80354,80356],{},"An ",[1194,80355,4235],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[33,80358,80359,80361,80363,80365],{},[36,80360,38408],{},[36,80362,38411],{},[36,80364,38414],{},[36,80366,80367],{},"a range object",[20,80369,31231],{},[64,80371,80373],{"className":66,"code":80372,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,80374,80375],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,80376,80377,80379,80381,80383,80385,80387],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,80378,40367],{"class":79},[73,80380,84],{"class":83},[73,80382,38367],{"class":245},[73,80384,140],{"class":83},[73,80386,38372],{"class":245},[73,80388,249],{"class":83},[20,80390,80391],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,80393,80394,80395,34248],{},"Important: the result is a ",[1194,80396,80219],{},[20,80398,80399,80400,653],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[646,80401,5650],{"href":5649},[59,80403,370],{"id":369},[20,80405,80406,80408],{},[15,80407,40224],{}," needs at least two parts:",[33,80410,80411,80417],{},[36,80412,80413,80416],{},[1194,80414,80415],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[36,80418,80419,80422],{},[1194,80420,80421],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,80424,4220],{},[64,80426,80427],{"className":66,"code":80372,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,80428,80429],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,80430,80431,80433,80435,80437,80439,80441],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,80432,40367],{"class":79},[73,80434,84],{"class":83},[73,80436,38367],{"class":245},[73,80438,140],{"class":83},[73,80440,38372],{"class":245},[73,80442,249],{"class":83},[20,80444,80445],{},"You can pass:",[33,80447,80448,80457,80460],{},[36,80449,80450,80451,2728,80453,2731,80455],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80452,340],{},[15,80454,88],{},[15,80456,2564],{},[36,80458,80459],{},"your own custom function",[36,80461,80462],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80464,80465],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80467,80468,80469,80471],{},"You will often see ",[15,80470,40224],{}," used like this:",[64,80473,80475],{"className":66,"code":80474,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80476,80477],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,80478,80479,80481,80483,80485,80487,80489,80491,80493],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,80480,8604],{"class":87},[73,80482,84],{"class":83},[73,80484,40367],{"class":79},[73,80486,84],{"class":83},[73,80488,38367],{"class":245},[73,80490,140],{"class":83},[73,80492,943],{"class":245},[73,80494,102],{"class":83},[20,80496,7186,80497,80499],{},[15,80498,25291],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[59,80501,11985],{"id":11984},[20,80503,80504],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[64,80506,80508],{"className":66,"code":80507,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80509,80510,80530,80548,80552],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,80511,80512,80514,80516,80518,80520,80522,80524,80526,80528],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,80513,4134],{"class":216},[73,80515,221],{"class":220},[73,80517,891],{"class":83},[73,80519,452],{"class":116},[73,80521,140],{"class":83},[73,80523,8300],{"class":116},[73,80525,140],{"class":83},[73,80527,8305],{"class":116},[73,80529,924],{"class":83},[73,80531,80532,80534,80536,80538,80540,80542,80544,80546],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,80533,2766],{"class":216},[73,80535,221],{"class":220},[73,80537,80264],{"class":79},[73,80539,84],{"class":83},[73,80541,340],{"class":87},[73,80543,140],{"class":83},[73,80545,4775],{"class":245},[73,80547,249],{"class":83},[73,80549,80550],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,80551,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,80553,80554,80556,80558,80560,80562,80564],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,80555,80],{"class":79},[73,80557,84],{"class":83},[73,80559,8604],{"class":87},[73,80561,84],{"class":83},[73,80563,2800],{"class":245},[73,80565,102],{"class":83},[20,80567,148],{},[64,80569,80571],{"className":66,"code":80570,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80572,80573],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,80574,80575,80577,80579,80581,80583,80585,80587,80589,80591,80593,80595,80597,80599],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,80576,4410],{"class":83},[73,80578,343],{"class":93},[73,80580,452],{"class":97},[73,80582,343],{"class":93},[73,80584,140],{"class":83},[73,80586,337],{"class":93},[73,80588,16264],{"class":97},[73,80590,343],{"class":93},[73,80592,140],{"class":83},[73,80594,337],{"class":93},[73,80596,37348],{"class":97},[73,80598,343],{"class":93},[73,80600,924],{"class":83},[20,80602,12194],{},[33,80604,80605,80610,80618,80626,80634],{},[36,80606,80607,80609],{},[15,80608,4164],{}," contains integers",[36,80611,80612,80615,80616],{},[15,80613,80614],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80617,1326],{},[36,80619,80620,1301,80623],{},[15,80621,80622],{},"str(10)",[15,80624,80625],{},"'10'",[36,80627,80628,1301,80631],{},[15,80629,80630],{},"str(20)",[15,80632,80633],{},"'20'",[36,80635,80636,1301,80639],{},[15,80637,80638],{},"str(30)",[15,80640,80641],{},"'30'",[20,80643,53892,80644,80646,80647,80649],{},[15,80645,40224],{}," applies ",[15,80648,1326],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80651,80652,80653,80655,80656,653],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80654,25291],{}," better, see ",[646,80657,13,80658,2422],{"href":65089},[15,80659,25291],{},[59,80661,657,80663,80665],{"id":80662},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80664,40224],{}," with your own function",[20,80667,16224,80668,80670],{},[15,80669,40224],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[64,80672,80674],{"className":66,"code":80673,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80675,80676,80689,80699,80703,80727,80746,80750],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,80677,80678,80680,80683,80685,80687],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,80679,35357],{"class":333},[73,80681,80682],{"class":35360}," double",[73,80684,84],{"class":83},[73,80686,384],{"class":38169},[73,80688,8851],{"class":83},[73,80690,80691,80693,80695,80697],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,80692,35368],{"class":933},[73,80694,4391],{"class":216},[73,80696,40380],{"class":220},[73,80698,46080],{"class":116},[73,80700,80701],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,80702,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,80704,80705,80707,80709,80711,80713,80715,80717,80719,80721,80723,80725],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,80706,4134],{"class":216},[73,80708,221],{"class":220},[73,80710,891],{"class":83},[73,80712,2397],{"class":116},[73,80714,140],{"class":83},[73,80716,143],{"class":116},[73,80718,140],{"class":83},[73,80720,2982],{"class":116},[73,80722,140],{"class":83},[73,80724,2988],{"class":116},[73,80726,924],{"class":83},[73,80728,80729,80731,80733,80735,80737,80740,80742,80744],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,80730,2766],{"class":216},[73,80732,221],{"class":220},[73,80734,80264],{"class":79},[73,80736,84],{"class":83},[73,80738,80739],{"class":245},"double",[73,80741,140],{"class":83},[73,80743,4775],{"class":245},[73,80745,249],{"class":83},[73,80747,80748],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,80749,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,80751,80752,80754,80756,80758,80760,80762],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,80753,80],{"class":79},[73,80755,84],{"class":83},[73,80757,8604],{"class":87},[73,80759,84],{"class":83},[73,80761,2800],{"class":245},[73,80763,102],{"class":83},[20,80765,148],{},[64,80767,80768],{"className":66,"code":40393,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,80769,80770],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,80771,80772,80774,80776,80778,80780,80782,80784,80786,80788],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,80773,4410],{"class":83},[73,80775,530],{"class":116},[73,80777,140],{"class":83},[73,80779,2988],{"class":116},[73,80781,140],{"class":83},[73,80783,38150],{"class":116},[73,80785,140],{"class":83},[73,80787,594],{"class":116},[73,80789,924],{"class":83},[20,80791,65826],{},[33,80793,80794,80801,80807],{},[36,80795,80796,80798,80799],{},[15,80797,40224],{}," takes the function ",[15,80800,80739],{},[36,80802,80803,80804,80806],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80805,4164],{}," into that function",[36,80808,80809],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80811,80812],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[33,80814,80815,80822,80829,80837],{},[36,80816,80817,6584,80820],{},[15,80818,80819],{},"double(1)",[15,80821,530],{},[36,80823,80824,6584,80827],{},[15,80825,80826],{},"double(2)",[15,80828,3036],{},[36,80830,80831,6584,80834],{},[15,80832,80833],{},"double(3)",[15,80835,80836],{},"6",[36,80838,80839,6584,80842],{},[15,80840,80841],{},"double(4)",[15,80843,536],{},[59,80845,657,80847,80849],{"id":80846},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80848,40224],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80851,80852,80854],{},[15,80853,40224],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80856,80857],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80859,206],{},[64,80861,80863],{"className":66,"code":80862,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80864,80865,80882,80892,80896,80917,80938,80942,80967,80971],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,80866,80867,80869,80872,80874,80876,80878,80880],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,80868,35357],{"class":333},[73,80870,80871],{"class":35360}," add_numbers",[73,80873,84],{"class":83},[73,80875,646],{"class":38169},[73,80877,140],{"class":83},[73,80879,3091],{"class":38169},[73,80881,8851],{"class":83},[73,80883,80884,80886,80888,80890],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,80885,35368],{"class":933},[73,80887,1888],{"class":216},[73,80889,2082],{"class":220},[73,80891,36689],{"class":216},[73,80893,80894],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,80895,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,80897,80898,80901,80903,80905,80907,80909,80911,80913,80915],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,80899,80900],{"class":216},"list1 ",[73,80902,221],{"class":220},[73,80904,891],{"class":83},[73,80906,2397],{"class":116},[73,80908,140],{"class":83},[73,80910,143],{"class":116},[73,80912,140],{"class":83},[73,80914,2982],{"class":116},[73,80916,924],{"class":83},[73,80918,80919,80922,80924,80926,80928,80930,80932,80934,80936],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,80920,80921],{"class":216},"list2 ",[73,80923,221],{"class":220},[73,80925,891],{"class":83},[73,80927,452],{"class":116},[73,80929,140],{"class":83},[73,80931,8300],{"class":116},[73,80933,140],{"class":83},[73,80935,8305],{"class":116},[73,80937,924],{"class":83},[73,80939,80940],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,80941,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,80943,80944,80946,80948,80950,80952,80955,80957,80960,80962,80965],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,80945,2766],{"class":216},[73,80947,221],{"class":220},[73,80949,80264],{"class":79},[73,80951,84],{"class":83},[73,80953,80954],{"class":245},"add_numbers",[73,80956,140],{"class":83},[73,80958,80959],{"class":245}," list1",[73,80961,140],{"class":83},[73,80963,80964],{"class":245}," list2",[73,80966,249],{"class":83},[73,80968,80969],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,80970,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,80972,80973,80975,80977,80979,80981,80983],{"class":75,"line":6940},[73,80974,80],{"class":79},[73,80976,84],{"class":83},[73,80978,8604],{"class":87},[73,80980,84],{"class":83},[73,80982,2800],{"class":245},[73,80984,102],{"class":83},[20,80986,148],{},[64,80988,80990],{"className":66,"code":80989,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80991,80992],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,80993,80994,80996,80999,81001,81004,81006,81009],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,80995,4410],{"class":83},[73,80997,80998],{"class":116},"11",[73,81000,140],{"class":83},[73,81002,81003],{"class":116}," 22",[73,81005,140],{"class":83},[73,81007,81008],{"class":116}," 33",[73,81010,924],{"class":83},[20,81012,2718],{},[33,81014,81015,81021,81027],{},[36,81016,81017,81018],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,81019,81020],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[36,81022,81023,81024],{},"then ",[15,81025,81026],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[36,81028,81023,81029],{},[15,81030,81031],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[403,81033,81035,81037],{"id":81034},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,81036,40224],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,81039,81040,81041,81043],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,81042,40224],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[64,81045,81047],{"className":66,"code":81046,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81048,81049,81065,81075,81079,81103,81119,81123,81145,81149],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,81050,81051,81053,81055,81057,81059,81061,81063],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,81052,35357],{"class":333},[73,81054,80871],{"class":35360},[73,81056,84],{"class":83},[73,81058,646],{"class":38169},[73,81060,140],{"class":83},[73,81062,3091],{"class":38169},[73,81064,8851],{"class":83},[73,81066,81067,81069,81071,81073],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,81068,35368],{"class":933},[73,81070,1888],{"class":216},[73,81072,2082],{"class":220},[73,81074,36689],{"class":216},[73,81076,81077],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,81078,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,81080,81081,81083,81085,81087,81089,81091,81093,81095,81097,81099,81101],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,81082,80900],{"class":216},[73,81084,221],{"class":220},[73,81086,891],{"class":83},[73,81088,2397],{"class":116},[73,81090,140],{"class":83},[73,81092,143],{"class":116},[73,81094,140],{"class":83},[73,81096,2982],{"class":116},[73,81098,140],{"class":83},[73,81100,2988],{"class":116},[73,81102,924],{"class":83},[73,81104,81105,81107,81109,81111,81113,81115,81117],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,81106,80921],{"class":216},[73,81108,221],{"class":220},[73,81110,891],{"class":83},[73,81112,452],{"class":116},[73,81114,140],{"class":83},[73,81116,8300],{"class":116},[73,81118,924],{"class":83},[73,81120,81121],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,81122,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,81124,81125,81127,81129,81131,81133,81135,81137,81139,81141,81143],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,81126,2766],{"class":216},[73,81128,221],{"class":220},[73,81130,80264],{"class":79},[73,81132,84],{"class":83},[73,81134,80954],{"class":245},[73,81136,140],{"class":83},[73,81138,80959],{"class":245},[73,81140,140],{"class":83},[73,81142,80964],{"class":245},[73,81144,249],{"class":83},[73,81146,81147],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,81148,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,81150,81151,81153,81155,81157,81159,81161],{"class":75,"line":6940},[73,81152,80],{"class":79},[73,81154,84],{"class":83},[73,81156,8604],{"class":87},[73,81158,84],{"class":83},[73,81160,2800],{"class":245},[73,81162,102],{"class":83},[20,81164,148],{},[64,81166,81168],{"className":66,"code":81167,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[11, 22]\n",[15,81169,81170],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,81171,81172,81174,81176,81178,81180],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,81173,4410],{"class":83},[73,81175,80998],{"class":116},[73,81177,140],{"class":83},[73,81179,81003],{"class":116},[73,81181,924],{"class":83},[20,81183,81184,81185,81188],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,81186,81187],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[59,81190,81192,81194],{"id":81191},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,81193,40224],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,81196,38530,81197,81199],{},[15,81198,40224],{}," returns a map object.",[20,81201,81202,81203,81206],{},"This object is ",[1194,81204,81205],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[403,81208,3019,81210,81212],{"id":81209},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,81211,33533],{}," looks strange",[20,81214,34149],{},[64,81216,81218],{"className":66,"code":81217,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,81219,81220,81240,81258,81262],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,81221,81222,81224,81226,81228,81230,81232,81234,81236,81238],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,81223,4134],{"class":216},[73,81225,221],{"class":220},[73,81227,891],{"class":83},[73,81229,2397],{"class":116},[73,81231,140],{"class":83},[73,81233,143],{"class":116},[73,81235,140],{"class":83},[73,81237,2982],{"class":116},[73,81239,924],{"class":83},[73,81241,81242,81244,81246,81248,81250,81252,81254,81256],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,81243,2766],{"class":216},[73,81245,221],{"class":220},[73,81247,80264],{"class":79},[73,81249,84],{"class":83},[73,81251,340],{"class":87},[73,81253,140],{"class":83},[73,81255,4775],{"class":245},[73,81257,249],{"class":83},[73,81259,81260],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,81261,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,81263,81264,81266,81268,81270],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,81265,80],{"class":79},[73,81267,84],{"class":83},[73,81269,2800],{"class":245},[73,81271,249],{"class":83},[20,81273,81274],{},"Output will look something like this:",[64,81276,81278],{"className":66,"code":81277,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,81279,81280],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,81281,81282,81284,81286,81288,81290,81292,81294],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,81283,330],{"class":220},[73,81285,40367],{"class":79},[73,81287,25127],{"class":87},[73,81289,37871],{"class":216},[73,81291,37874],{"class":1041},[73,81293,37877],{"class":34960},[73,81295,346],{"class":220},[20,81297,81298],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,81300,81301],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[64,81303,81305],{"className":66,"code":81304,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81306,81307,81327,81345,81349],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,81308,81309,81311,81313,81315,81317,81319,81321,81323,81325],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,81310,4134],{"class":216},[73,81312,221],{"class":220},[73,81314,891],{"class":83},[73,81316,2397],{"class":116},[73,81318,140],{"class":83},[73,81320,143],{"class":116},[73,81322,140],{"class":83},[73,81324,2982],{"class":116},[73,81326,924],{"class":83},[73,81328,81329,81331,81333,81335,81337,81339,81341,81343],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,81330,2766],{"class":216},[73,81332,221],{"class":220},[73,81334,80264],{"class":79},[73,81336,84],{"class":83},[73,81338,340],{"class":87},[73,81340,140],{"class":83},[73,81342,4775],{"class":245},[73,81344,249],{"class":83},[73,81346,81347],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,81348,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,81350,81351,81353,81355,81357,81359,81361],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,81352,80],{"class":79},[73,81354,84],{"class":83},[73,81356,8604],{"class":87},[73,81358,84],{"class":83},[73,81360,2800],{"class":245},[73,81362,102],{"class":83},[20,81364,148],{},[64,81366,81368],{"className":66,"code":81367,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81369,81370],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,81371,81372,81374,81376,81378,81380,81382,81384,81386,81388,81390,81392,81394,81396],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,81373,4410],{"class":83},[73,81375,343],{"class":93},[73,81377,2397],{"class":97},[73,81379,343],{"class":93},[73,81381,140],{"class":83},[73,81383,337],{"class":93},[73,81385,530],{"class":97},[73,81387,343],{"class":93},[73,81389,140],{"class":83},[73,81391,337],{"class":93},[73,81393,1304],{"class":97},[73,81395,343],{"class":93},[73,81397,924],{"class":83},[403,81399,81401],{"id":81400},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[64,81403,81405],{"className":66,"code":81404,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81406,81407,81427,81445,81449,81462],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,81408,81409,81411,81413,81415,81417,81419,81421,81423,81425],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,81410,4134],{"class":216},[73,81412,221],{"class":220},[73,81414,891],{"class":83},[73,81416,2397],{"class":116},[73,81418,140],{"class":83},[73,81420,143],{"class":116},[73,81422,140],{"class":83},[73,81424,2982],{"class":116},[73,81426,924],{"class":83},[73,81428,81429,81431,81433,81435,81437,81439,81441,81443],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,81430,2766],{"class":216},[73,81432,221],{"class":220},[73,81434,80264],{"class":79},[73,81436,84],{"class":83},[73,81438,340],{"class":87},[73,81440,140],{"class":83},[73,81442,4775],{"class":245},[73,81444,249],{"class":83},[73,81446,81447],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,81448,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,81450,81451,81453,81455,81457,81460],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,81452,934],{"class":933},[73,81454,6472],{"class":216},[73,81456,940],{"class":933},[73,81458,81459],{"class":216}," result",[73,81461,946],{"class":83},[73,81463,81464,81466,81468,81470],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,81465,1676],{"class":79},[73,81467,84],{"class":83},[73,81469,23820],{"class":245},[73,81471,249],{"class":83},[20,81473,148],{},[64,81475,81477],{"className":66,"code":81476,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81478,81479,81483,81487],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,81480,81481],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,81482,508],{"class":116},[73,81484,81485],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,81486,17567],{"class":116},[73,81488,81489],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,81490,163],{"class":116},[403,81492,81494],{"id":81493},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81496,81497],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[64,81499,81501],{"className":66,"code":81500,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81502,81503,81523,81541,81545,81559],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,81504,81505,81507,81509,81511,81513,81515,81517,81519,81521],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,81506,4134],{"class":216},[73,81508,221],{"class":220},[73,81510,891],{"class":83},[73,81512,2397],{"class":116},[73,81514,140],{"class":83},[73,81516,143],{"class":116},[73,81518,140],{"class":83},[73,81520,2982],{"class":116},[73,81522,924],{"class":83},[73,81524,81525,81527,81529,81531,81533,81535,81537,81539],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,81526,2766],{"class":216},[73,81528,221],{"class":220},[73,81530,80264],{"class":79},[73,81532,84],{"class":83},[73,81534,340],{"class":87},[73,81536,140],{"class":83},[73,81538,4775],{"class":245},[73,81540,249],{"class":83},[73,81542,81543],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,81544,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,81546,81547,81549,81551,81553,81555,81557],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,81548,80],{"class":79},[73,81550,84],{"class":83},[73,81552,8604],{"class":87},[73,81554,84],{"class":83},[73,81556,2800],{"class":245},[73,81558,102],{"class":83},[73,81560,81561,81563,81565,81567,81569,81571],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,81562,80],{"class":79},[73,81564,84],{"class":83},[73,81566,8604],{"class":87},[73,81568,84],{"class":83},[73,81570,2800],{"class":245},[73,81572,102],{"class":83},[20,81574,148],{},[64,81576,81578],{"className":66,"code":81577,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81579,81580,81608],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,81581,81582,81584,81586,81588,81590,81592,81594,81596,81598,81600,81602,81604,81606],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,81583,4410],{"class":83},[73,81585,343],{"class":93},[73,81587,2397],{"class":97},[73,81589,343],{"class":93},[73,81591,140],{"class":83},[73,81593,337],{"class":93},[73,81595,530],{"class":97},[73,81597,343],{"class":93},[73,81599,140],{"class":83},[73,81601,337],{"class":93},[73,81603,1304],{"class":97},[73,81605,343],{"class":93},[73,81607,924],{"class":83},[73,81609,81610],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,81611,38804],{"class":83},[20,81613,81614],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81616,81617],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[64,81619,81621],{"className":66,"code":81620,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81622,81623,81643,81665,81669,81679],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,81624,81625,81627,81629,81631,81633,81635,81637,81639,81641],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,81626,4134],{"class":216},[73,81628,221],{"class":220},[73,81630,891],{"class":83},[73,81632,2397],{"class":116},[73,81634,140],{"class":83},[73,81636,143],{"class":116},[73,81638,140],{"class":83},[73,81640,2982],{"class":116},[73,81642,924],{"class":83},[73,81644,81645,81647,81649,81651,81653,81655,81657,81659,81661,81663],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,81646,2766],{"class":216},[73,81648,221],{"class":220},[73,81650,23069],{"class":87},[73,81652,84],{"class":83},[73,81654,40367],{"class":79},[73,81656,84],{"class":83},[73,81658,340],{"class":87},[73,81660,140],{"class":83},[73,81662,4775],{"class":245},[73,81664,102],{"class":83},[73,81666,81667],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,81668,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,81670,81671,81673,81675,81677],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,81672,80],{"class":79},[73,81674,84],{"class":83},[73,81676,2800],{"class":245},[73,81678,249],{"class":83},[73,81680,81681,81683,81685,81687],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,81682,80],{"class":79},[73,81684,84],{"class":83},[73,81686,2800],{"class":245},[73,81688,249],{"class":83},[20,81690,148],{},[64,81692,81694],{"className":66,"code":81693,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81695,81696,81724],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,81697,81698,81700,81702,81704,81706,81708,81710,81712,81714,81716,81718,81720,81722],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,81699,4410],{"class":83},[73,81701,343],{"class":93},[73,81703,2397],{"class":97},[73,81705,343],{"class":93},[73,81707,140],{"class":83},[73,81709,337],{"class":93},[73,81711,530],{"class":97},[73,81713,343],{"class":93},[73,81715,140],{"class":83},[73,81717,337],{"class":93},[73,81719,1304],{"class":97},[73,81721,343],{"class":93},[73,81723,924],{"class":83},[73,81725,81726,81728,81730,81732,81734,81736,81738,81740,81742,81744,81746,81748,81750],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,81727,4410],{"class":83},[73,81729,343],{"class":93},[73,81731,2397],{"class":97},[73,81733,343],{"class":93},[73,81735,140],{"class":83},[73,81737,337],{"class":93},[73,81739,530],{"class":97},[73,81741,343],{"class":93},[73,81743,140],{"class":83},[73,81745,337],{"class":93},[73,81747,1304],{"class":97},[73,81749,343],{"class":93},[73,81751,924],{"class":83},[59,81753,1999,81755],{"id":81754},"when-to-use-map",[15,81756,40224],{},[20,81758,81759,81761],{},[15,81760,40224],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81763,81764],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[33,81766,81767,81771,81775],{},[36,81768,81769],{},[15,81770,340],{},[36,81772,81773],{},[15,81774,88],{},[36,81776,81777],{},[15,81778,2564],{},[20,81780,206],{},[64,81782,81784],{"className":66,"code":81783,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81785,81786,81818,81840,81844],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,81787,81788,81790,81792,81794,81796,81798,81800,81802,81804,81806,81808,81810,81812,81814,81816],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,81789,886],{"class":216},[73,81791,221],{"class":220},[73,81793,891],{"class":83},[73,81795,343],{"class":93},[73,81797,2397],{"class":97},[73,81799,343],{"class":93},[73,81801,140],{"class":83},[73,81803,337],{"class":93},[73,81805,530],{"class":97},[73,81807,343],{"class":93},[73,81809,140],{"class":83},[73,81811,337],{"class":93},[73,81813,1304],{"class":97},[73,81815,343],{"class":93},[73,81817,924],{"class":83},[73,81819,81820,81822,81824,81826,81828,81830,81832,81834,81836,81838],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,81821,4134],{"class":216},[73,81823,221],{"class":220},[73,81825,23069],{"class":87},[73,81827,84],{"class":83},[73,81829,40367],{"class":79},[73,81831,84],{"class":83},[73,81833,88],{"class":87},[73,81835,140],{"class":83},[73,81837,943],{"class":245},[73,81839,102],{"class":83},[73,81841,81842],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,81843,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,81845,81846,81848,81850,81852],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,81847,80],{"class":79},[73,81849,84],{"class":83},[73,81851,4164],{"class":245},[73,81853,249],{"class":83},[20,81855,148],{},[64,81857,81858],{"className":66,"code":55389,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,81859,81860],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,81861,81862,81864,81866,81868,81870,81872,81874],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,81863,4410],{"class":83},[73,81865,2397],{"class":116},[73,81867,140],{"class":83},[73,81869,143],{"class":116},[73,81871,140],{"class":83},[73,81873,2982],{"class":116},[73,81875,924],{"class":83},[20,81877,81878],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81880,81881],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[64,81883,81885],{"className":66,"code":81884,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81886,81887,81907,81929],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,81888,81889,81891,81893,81895,81897,81899,81901,81903,81905],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,81890,4134],{"class":216},[73,81892,221],{"class":220},[73,81894,891],{"class":83},[73,81896,2397],{"class":116},[73,81898,140],{"class":83},[73,81900,143],{"class":116},[73,81902,140],{"class":83},[73,81904,2982],{"class":116},[73,81906,924],{"class":83},[73,81908,81909,81911,81913,81915,81917,81919,81921,81923,81925,81927],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,81910,2766],{"class":216},[73,81912,221],{"class":220},[73,81914,23069],{"class":87},[73,81916,84],{"class":83},[73,81918,40367],{"class":79},[73,81920,84],{"class":83},[73,81922,340],{"class":87},[73,81924,140],{"class":83},[73,81926,4775],{"class":245},[73,81928,102],{"class":83},[73,81930,81931,81933,81935,81937],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,81932,80],{"class":79},[73,81934,84],{"class":83},[73,81936,2800],{"class":245},[73,81938,249],{"class":83},[64,81940,81942],{"className":66,"code":81941,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81943,81944,81964,81991],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,81945,81946,81948,81950,81952,81954,81956,81958,81960,81962],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,81947,4134],{"class":216},[73,81949,221],{"class":220},[73,81951,891],{"class":83},[73,81953,2397],{"class":116},[73,81955,140],{"class":83},[73,81957,143],{"class":116},[73,81959,140],{"class":83},[73,81961,2982],{"class":116},[73,81963,924],{"class":83},[73,81965,81966,81968,81970,81972,81974,81976,81978,81980,81982,81985,81987,81989],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,81967,2766],{"class":216},[73,81969,221],{"class":220},[73,81971,891],{"class":83},[73,81973,340],{"class":87},[73,81975,84],{"class":83},[73,81977,76272],{"class":245},[73,81979,4177],{"class":83},[73,81981,4388],{"class":933},[73,81983,81984],{"class":216}," n ",[73,81986,940],{"class":933},[73,81988,4775],{"class":216},[73,81990,924],{"class":83},[73,81992,81993,81995,81997,81999],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,81994,80],{"class":79},[73,81996,84],{"class":83},[73,81998,2800],{"class":245},[73,82000,249],{"class":83},[20,82002,82003],{},"Both produce:",[64,82005,82006],{"className":66,"code":81367,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,82007,82008],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,82009,82010,82012,82014,82016,82018,82020,82022,82024,82026,82028,82030,82032,82034],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,82011,4410],{"class":83},[73,82013,343],{"class":93},[73,82015,2397],{"class":97},[73,82017,343],{"class":93},[73,82019,140],{"class":83},[73,82021,337],{"class":93},[73,82023,530],{"class":97},[73,82025,343],{"class":93},[73,82027,140],{"class":83},[73,82029,337],{"class":93},[73,82031,1304],{"class":97},[73,82033,343],{"class":93},[73,82035,924],{"class":83},[20,82037,82038],{},"A simple rule:",[33,82040,82041,82046,82051],{},[36,82042,40497,82043,82045],{},[15,82044,40224],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[36,82047,40503,82048,82050],{},[15,82049,934],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[36,82052,82053],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,82055,82056,82057,653],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[646,82058,4905],{"href":4904},[59,82060,5031],{"id":5030},[403,82062,82064,82065],{"id":82063},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,82066,25291],{},[20,82068,82069],{},"This is very common:",[64,82071,82072],{"className":66,"code":81217,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,82073,82074,82094,82112,82116],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,82075,82076,82078,82080,82082,82084,82086,82088,82090,82092],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,82077,4134],{"class":216},[73,82079,221],{"class":220},[73,82081,891],{"class":83},[73,82083,2397],{"class":116},[73,82085,140],{"class":83},[73,82087,143],{"class":116},[73,82089,140],{"class":83},[73,82091,2982],{"class":116},[73,82093,924],{"class":83},[73,82095,82096,82098,82100,82102,82104,82106,82108,82110],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,82097,2766],{"class":216},[73,82099,221],{"class":220},[73,82101,80264],{"class":79},[73,82103,84],{"class":83},[73,82105,340],{"class":87},[73,82107,140],{"class":83},[73,82109,4775],{"class":245},[73,82111,249],{"class":83},[73,82113,82114],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,82115,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,82117,82118,82120,82122,82124],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,82119,80],{"class":79},[73,82121,84],{"class":83},[73,82123,2800],{"class":245},[73,82125,249],{"class":83},[20,82127,82128],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,82130,39769],{},[64,82132,82134],{"className":66,"code":82133,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(list(result))\n",[15,82135,82136],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,82137,82138,82140,82142,82144,82146,82148],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,82139,80],{"class":79},[73,82141,84],{"class":83},[73,82143,8604],{"class":87},[73,82145,84],{"class":83},[73,82147,2800],{"class":245},[73,82149,102],{"class":83},[403,82151,82153],{"id":82152},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,82155,17154],{},[64,82157,82159],{"className":66,"code":82158,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,82160,82161,82181],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,82162,82163,82165,82167,82169,82171,82173,82175,82177,82179],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,82164,4134],{"class":216},[73,82166,221],{"class":220},[73,82168,891],{"class":83},[73,82170,2397],{"class":116},[73,82172,140],{"class":83},[73,82174,143],{"class":116},[73,82176,140],{"class":83},[73,82178,2982],{"class":116},[73,82180,924],{"class":83},[73,82182,82183,82185,82187,82189,82191,82193,82196,82198],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,82184,2766],{"class":216},[73,82186,221],{"class":220},[73,82188,80264],{"class":79},[73,82190,84],{"class":83},[73,82192,340],{"class":87},[73,82194,82195],{"class":83},"(),",[73,82197,4775],{"class":245},[73,82199,249],{"class":83},[20,82201,82202,82203,82205,82206,82208],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,82204,1326],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,82207,40224],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,82210,17166],{},[64,82212,82213],{"className":66,"code":81304,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,82214,82215,82235,82253,82257],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,82216,82217,82219,82221,82223,82225,82227,82229,82231,82233],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,82218,4134],{"class":216},[73,82220,221],{"class":220},[73,82222,891],{"class":83},[73,82224,2397],{"class":116},[73,82226,140],{"class":83},[73,82228,143],{"class":116},[73,82230,140],{"class":83},[73,82232,2982],{"class":116},[73,82234,924],{"class":83},[73,82236,82237,82239,82241,82243,82245,82247,82249,82251],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,82238,2766],{"class":216},[73,82240,221],{"class":220},[73,82242,80264],{"class":79},[73,82244,84],{"class":83},[73,82246,340],{"class":87},[73,82248,140],{"class":83},[73,82250,4775],{"class":245},[73,82252,249],{"class":83},[73,82254,82255],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,82256,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,82258,82259,82261,82263,82265,82267,82269],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,82260,80],{"class":79},[73,82262,84],{"class":83},[73,82264,8604],{"class":87},[73,82266,84],{"class":83},[73,82268,2800],{"class":245},[73,82270,102],{"class":83},[403,82272,82274],{"id":82273},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,82276,82277],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,82279,17154],{},[64,82281,82283],{"className":66,"code":82282,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82284,82285,82302,82312,82316,82336,82355,82359],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,82286,82287,82289,82292,82294,82296,82298,82300],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,82288,35357],{"class":333},[73,82290,82291],{"class":35360}," add",[73,82293,84],{"class":83},[73,82295,646],{"class":38169},[73,82297,140],{"class":83},[73,82299,3091],{"class":38169},[73,82301,8851],{"class":83},[73,82303,82304,82306,82308,82310],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,82305,35368],{"class":933},[73,82307,1888],{"class":216},[73,82309,2082],{"class":220},[73,82311,36689],{"class":216},[73,82313,82314],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,82315,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,82317,82318,82320,82322,82324,82326,82328,82330,82332,82334],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,82319,4134],{"class":216},[73,82321,221],{"class":220},[73,82323,891],{"class":83},[73,82325,2397],{"class":116},[73,82327,140],{"class":83},[73,82329,143],{"class":116},[73,82331,140],{"class":83},[73,82333,2982],{"class":116},[73,82335,924],{"class":83},[73,82337,82338,82340,82342,82344,82346,82349,82351,82353],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,82339,2766],{"class":216},[73,82341,221],{"class":220},[73,82343,80264],{"class":79},[73,82345,84],{"class":83},[73,82347,82348],{"class":245},"add",[73,82350,140],{"class":83},[73,82352,4775],{"class":245},[73,82354,249],{"class":83},[73,82356,82357],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,82358,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,82360,82361,82363,82365,82367,82369,82371],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,82362,80],{"class":79},[73,82364,84],{"class":83},[73,82366,8604],{"class":87},[73,82368,84],{"class":83},[73,82370,2800],{"class":245},[73,82372,102],{"class":83},[20,82374,17166],{},[64,82376,82378],{"className":66,"code":82377,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82379,82380,82396,82406,82410,82430,82450,82472,82476],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,82381,82382,82384,82386,82388,82390,82392,82394],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,82383,35357],{"class":333},[73,82385,82291],{"class":35360},[73,82387,84],{"class":83},[73,82389,646],{"class":38169},[73,82391,140],{"class":83},[73,82393,3091],{"class":38169},[73,82395,8851],{"class":83},[73,82397,82398,82400,82402,82404],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,82399,35368],{"class":933},[73,82401,1888],{"class":216},[73,82403,2082],{"class":220},[73,82405,36689],{"class":216},[73,82407,82408],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,82409,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,82411,82412,82414,82416,82418,82420,82422,82424,82426,82428],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,82413,80900],{"class":216},[73,82415,221],{"class":220},[73,82417,891],{"class":83},[73,82419,2397],{"class":116},[73,82421,140],{"class":83},[73,82423,143],{"class":116},[73,82425,140],{"class":83},[73,82427,2982],{"class":116},[73,82429,924],{"class":83},[73,82431,82432,82434,82436,82438,82440,82442,82444,82446,82448],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,82433,80921],{"class":216},[73,82435,221],{"class":220},[73,82437,891],{"class":83},[73,82439,452],{"class":116},[73,82441,140],{"class":83},[73,82443,8300],{"class":116},[73,82445,140],{"class":83},[73,82447,8305],{"class":116},[73,82449,924],{"class":83},[73,82451,82452,82454,82456,82458,82460,82462,82464,82466,82468,82470],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,82453,2766],{"class":216},[73,82455,221],{"class":220},[73,82457,80264],{"class":79},[73,82459,84],{"class":83},[73,82461,82348],{"class":245},[73,82463,140],{"class":83},[73,82465,80959],{"class":245},[73,82467,140],{"class":83},[73,82469,80964],{"class":245},[73,82471,249],{"class":83},[73,82473,82474],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,82475,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,82477,82478,82480,82482,82484,82486,82488],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,82479,80],{"class":79},[73,82481,84],{"class":83},[73,82483,8604],{"class":87},[73,82485,84],{"class":83},[73,82487,2800],{"class":245},[73,82489,102],{"class":83},[403,82491,82493],{"id":82492},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82495,17154],{},[64,82497,82498],{"className":66,"code":81500,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,82499,82500,82520,82538,82542,82556],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,82501,82502,82504,82506,82508,82510,82512,82514,82516,82518],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,82503,4134],{"class":216},[73,82505,221],{"class":220},[73,82507,891],{"class":83},[73,82509,2397],{"class":116},[73,82511,140],{"class":83},[73,82513,143],{"class":116},[73,82515,140],{"class":83},[73,82517,2982],{"class":116},[73,82519,924],{"class":83},[73,82521,82522,82524,82526,82528,82530,82532,82534,82536],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,82523,2766],{"class":216},[73,82525,221],{"class":220},[73,82527,80264],{"class":79},[73,82529,84],{"class":83},[73,82531,340],{"class":87},[73,82533,140],{"class":83},[73,82535,4775],{"class":245},[73,82537,249],{"class":83},[73,82539,82540],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,82541,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,82543,82544,82546,82548,82550,82552,82554],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,82545,80],{"class":79},[73,82547,84],{"class":83},[73,82549,8604],{"class":87},[73,82551,84],{"class":83},[73,82553,2800],{"class":245},[73,82555,102],{"class":83},[73,82557,82558,82560,82562,82564,82566,82568],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,82559,80],{"class":79},[73,82561,84],{"class":83},[73,82563,8604],{"class":87},[73,82565,84],{"class":83},[73,82567,2800],{"class":245},[73,82569,102],{"class":83},[20,82571,82572],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82574,82575],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[59,82577,68137],{"id":68136},[20,82579,9384,82580,82582],{},[15,82581,40224],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[64,82584,82586],{"className":66,"code":82585,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82587,82588,82598,82612,82626,82638],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,82589,82590,82592,82594,82596],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,82591,80],{"class":79},[73,82593,84],{"class":83},[73,82595,2800],{"class":245},[73,82597,249],{"class":83},[73,82599,82600,82602,82604,82606,82608,82610],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,82601,80],{"class":79},[73,82603,84],{"class":83},[73,82605,8604],{"class":87},[73,82607,84],{"class":83},[73,82609,2800],{"class":245},[73,82611,102],{"class":83},[73,82613,82614,82616,82618,82620,82622,82624],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,82615,80],{"class":79},[73,82617,84],{"class":83},[73,82619,288],{"class":87},[73,82621,84],{"class":83},[73,82623,2800],{"class":245},[73,82625,102],{"class":83},[73,82627,82628,82630,82632,82634,82636],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,82629,934],{"class":933},[73,82631,6472],{"class":216},[73,82633,940],{"class":933},[73,82635,81459],{"class":216},[73,82637,946],{"class":83},[73,82639,82640,82642,82644,82646],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,82641,1676],{"class":79},[73,82643,84],{"class":83},[73,82645,23820],{"class":245},[73,82647,249],{"class":83},[20,82649,13184],{},[33,82651,82652,82657,82662,82668],{},[36,82653,82654,82656],{},[15,82655,33533],{}," shows that you have a map object",[36,82658,82659,82661],{},[15,82660,33541],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[36,82663,82664,82667],{},[15,82665,82666],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[36,82669,82670,82671,82673],{},"looping over ",[15,82672,2800],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82675,82676,82677,82680,82681,82683],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82678,82679],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82682,934],{}," loop consume the map object.",[59,82685,2350],{"id":2349},[403,82687,2354,82689,82691],{"id":82688},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82690,40224],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82693,82694,82695,82697,82698,24448],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82696,40224],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82699,82700],{},"list(map(...))",[403,82702,15412,82704,82706,82707,82709],{"id":82703},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82705,40224],{}," better than a ",[15,82708,934],{}," loop?",[20,82711,82712,82713,82715,82716,82718],{},"Not always. ",[15,82714,40224],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82717,934],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[403,82720,5681,82722,82724],{"id":82721},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82723,40224],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82726,82727],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[403,82729,82731],{"id":82730},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82733,82734],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[59,82736,2413],{"id":2412},[33,82738,82739,82745,82751,82755,82759],{},[36,82740,82741],{},[646,82742,13,82743,2422],{"href":40592},[15,82744,38082],{},[36,82746,82747],{},[646,82748,13,82749,2422],{"href":65089},[15,82750,25291],{},[36,82752,82753],{},[646,82754,5733],{"href":5645},[36,82756,82757],{},[646,82758,5738],{"href":4904},[36,82760,82761],{},[646,82762,5728],{"href":5649},[2459,82764,82765],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":82767},[82768,82769,82771,82772,82773,82775,82780,82787,82789,82796,82797,82806],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":80343,"depth":105,"text":82770},"What map() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":11984,"depth":105,"text":11985},{"id":80662,"depth":105,"text":82774},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80846,"depth":105,"text":82776,"children":82777},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82778],{"id":81034,"depth":122,"text":82779},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":81191,"depth":105,"text":82781,"children":82782},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82783,82785,82786],{"id":81209,"depth":122,"text":82784},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81400,"depth":122,"text":81401},{"id":81493,"depth":122,"text":81494},{"id":81754,"depth":105,"text":82788},"When to use map()",{"id":5030,"depth":105,"text":5031,"children":82790},[82791,82793,82794,82795],{"id":82063,"depth":122,"text":82792},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":82152,"depth":122,"text":82153},{"id":82273,"depth":122,"text":82274},{"id":82492,"depth":122,"text":82493},{"id":68136,"depth":105,"text":68137},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":82798},[82799,82801,82803,82805],{"id":82688,"depth":122,"text":82800},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82703,"depth":122,"text":82802},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82721,"depth":122,"text":82804},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82730,"depth":122,"text":82731},{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":80175,"description":82807},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82814,"title":82815,"body":82816,"description":84836,"extension":2511,"meta":84837,"navigation":254,"path":84838,"seo":84839,"stem":84840,"__hash__":84841},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82817,"toc":84794},[82818,82824,82829,82832,82840,82843,82845,82969,82971,82989,82991,83011,83016,83020,83034,83037,83040,83042,83047,83159,83162,83180,83186,83189,83251,83253,83262,83265,83279,83281,83329,83331,83340,83350,83356,83359,83386,83388,83396,83399,83402,83472,83474,83482,83485,83490,83495,83546,83548,83556,83559,83561,83578,83580,83632,83635,83641,83645,83650,83653,83657,83716,83718,83727,83733,83742,83746,83809,83811,83819,83824,83828,83833,83913,83915,83924,83931,83936,83941,83944,83979,83981,83989,83992,83998,84000,84050,84052,84061,84064,84082,84084,84089,84095,84102,84129,84131,84154,84159,84194,84199,84205,84210,84253,84256,84259,84298,84305,84311,84316,84331,84335,84342,84345,84349,84354,84358,84363,84365,84426,84428,84457,84462,84469,84478,84480,84483,84508,84510,84613,84616,84634,84643,84645,84650,84653,84659,84662,84664,84674,84680,84684,84742,84749,84757,84759,84791],[10,82819,13,82821,18],{"id":82820},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82822,82823],{},"max()",[20,82825,9629,82826,82828],{},[15,82827,82823],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82830,82831],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[33,82833,82834,82837],{},[36,82835,82836],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[36,82838,82839],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82841,82842],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[59,82844,62],{"id":61},[64,82846,82848],{"className":66,"code":82847,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82849,82850,82874,82889,82893,82919,82923,82955],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,82851,82852,82854,82856,82858,82860,82862,82864,82866,82868,82870,82872],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,82853,4134],{"class":216},[73,82855,221],{"class":220},[73,82857,891],{"class":83},[73,82859,1304],{"class":116},[73,82861,140],{"class":83},[73,82863,594],{"class":116},[73,82865,140],{"class":83},[73,82867,143],{"class":116},[73,82869,140],{"class":83},[73,82871,5118],{"class":116},[73,82873,924],{"class":83},[73,82875,82876,82878,82880,82883,82885,82887],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,82877,80],{"class":79},[73,82879,84],{"class":83},[73,82881,82882],{"class":79},"max",[73,82884,84],{"class":83},[73,82886,4164],{"class":245},[73,82888,102],{"class":83},[73,82890,82891],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,82892,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,82894,82895,82897,82899,82901,82903,82905,82907,82909,82911,82913,82915,82917],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,82896,80],{"class":79},[73,82898,84],{"class":83},[73,82900,82882],{"class":79},[73,82902,84],{"class":83},[73,82904,1304],{"class":116},[73,82906,140],{"class":83},[73,82908,594],{"class":116},[73,82910,140],{"class":83},[73,82912,143],{"class":116},[73,82914,140],{"class":83},[73,82916,5118],{"class":116},[73,82918,102],{"class":83},[73,82920,82921],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,82922,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,82924,82925,82927,82929,82931,82933,82935,82937,82939,82941,82943,82945,82947,82949,82951,82953],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,82926,4581],{"class":216},[73,82928,221],{"class":220},[73,82930,891],{"class":83},[73,82932,94],{"class":93},[73,82934,4590],{"class":97},[73,82936,94],{"class":93},[73,82938,140],{"class":83},[73,82940,224],{"class":93},[73,82942,4599],{"class":97},[73,82944,94],{"class":93},[73,82946,140],{"class":83},[73,82948,224],{"class":93},[73,82950,78986],{"class":97},[73,82952,94],{"class":93},[73,82954,924],{"class":83},[73,82956,82957,82959,82961,82963,82965,82967],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,82958,80],{"class":79},[73,82960,84],{"class":83},[73,82962,82882],{"class":79},[73,82964,84],{"class":83},[73,82966,4625],{"class":245},[73,82968,102],{"class":83},[20,82970,148],{},[64,82972,82974],{"className":66,"code":82973,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82975,82976,82980,82984],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,82977,82978],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,82979,503],{"class":116},[73,82981,82982],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,82983,503],{"class":116},[73,82985,82986],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,82987,82988],{"class":216},"pear\n",[20,82990,20469],{},[33,82992,82993,82999,83005],{},[36,82994,82995,82998],{},[15,82996,82997],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[36,83000,83001,83004],{},[15,83002,83003],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[36,83006,83007,83010],{},[15,83008,83009],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[59,83012,178,83014,181],{"id":83013},"what-max-does",[15,83015,82823],{},[20,83017,83018,1063],{},[15,83019,82823],{},[33,83021,83022,83025,83028,83031],{},[36,83023,83024],{},"Returns the largest item",[36,83026,83027],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[36,83029,83030],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[36,83032,83033],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,83035,83036],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,83038,83039],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[59,83041,370],{"id":369},[20,83043,83044,83045,1063],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,83046,82823],{},[64,83048,83050],{"className":66,"code":83049,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,83051,83052,83062,83086,83108,83131],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,83053,83054,83056,83058,83060],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,83055,82882],{"class":79},[73,83057,84],{"class":83},[73,83059,4235],{"class":245},[73,83061,249],{"class":83},[73,83063,83064,83066,83068,83070,83072,83075,83077,83079,83081,83084],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,83065,82882],{"class":79},[73,83067,84],{"class":83},[73,83069,4235],{"class":245},[73,83071,140],{"class":83},[73,83073,83074],{"class":220}," *",[73,83076,140],{"class":83},[73,83078,22092],{"class":9682},[73,83080,221],{"class":220},[73,83082,83083],{"class":245},"func",[73,83085,249],{"class":83},[73,83087,83088,83090,83092,83094,83096,83098,83100,83102,83104,83106],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,83089,82882],{"class":79},[73,83091,84],{"class":83},[73,83093,4235],{"class":245},[73,83095,140],{"class":83},[73,83097,83074],{"class":220},[73,83099,140],{"class":83},[73,83101,27033],{"class":9682},[73,83103,221],{"class":220},[73,83105,967],{"class":245},[73,83107,249],{"class":83},[73,83109,83110,83112,83114,83117,83119,83122,83124,83126,83129],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,83111,82882],{"class":79},[73,83113,84],{"class":83},[73,83115,83116],{"class":245},"arg1",[73,83118,140],{"class":83},[73,83120,83121],{"class":245}," arg2",[73,83123,140],{"class":83},[73,83125,83074],{"class":220},[73,83127,83128],{"class":245},"args",[73,83130,249],{"class":83},[73,83132,83133,83135,83137,83139,83141,83143,83145,83147,83149,83151,83153,83155,83157],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,83134,82882],{"class":79},[73,83136,84],{"class":83},[73,83138,83116],{"class":245},[73,83140,140],{"class":83},[73,83142,83121],{"class":245},[73,83144,140],{"class":83},[73,83146,83074],{"class":220},[73,83148,83128],{"class":245},[73,83150,140],{"class":83},[73,83152,22092],{"class":9682},[73,83154,221],{"class":220},[73,83156,83083],{"class":245},[73,83158,249],{"class":83},[20,83160,83161],{},"The most important parts are:",[33,83163,83164,83169,83174],{},[36,83165,83166,83168],{},[15,83167,4235],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[36,83170,83171,83173],{},[15,83172,15350],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[36,83175,83176,83179],{},[15,83177,83178],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[59,83181,657,83183,83185],{"id":83182},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,83184,82823],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,83187,83188],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[64,83190,83192],{"className":66,"code":83191,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,83193,83194,83220,83236,83240],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,83195,83196,83198,83200,83202,83205,83207,83209,83211,83213,83215,83218],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,83197,5577],{"class":216},[73,83199,221],{"class":220},[73,83201,891],{"class":83},[73,83203,83204],{"class":116},"72",[73,83206,140],{"class":83},[73,83208,51748],{"class":116},[73,83210,140],{"class":83},[73,83212,14018],{"class":116},[73,83214,140],{"class":83},[73,83216,83217],{"class":116}," 66",[73,83219,924],{"class":83},[73,83221,83222,83225,83227,83230,83232,83234],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,83223,83224],{"class":216},"highest_score ",[73,83226,221],{"class":220},[73,83228,83229],{"class":79}," max",[73,83231,84],{"class":83},[73,83233,16899],{"class":245},[73,83235,249],{"class":83},[73,83237,83238],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,83239,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,83241,83242,83244,83246,83249],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,83243,80],{"class":79},[73,83245,84],{"class":83},[73,83247,83248],{"class":245},"highest_score",[73,83250,249],{"class":83},[20,83252,148],{},[64,83254,83256],{"className":66,"code":83255,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"91\n",[15,83257,83258],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,83259,83260],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,83261,83255],{"class":116},[20,83263,83264],{},"This works well for:",[33,83266,83267,83270,83273,83276],{},[36,83268,83269],{},"Scores",[36,83271,83272],{},"Prices",[36,83274,83275],{},"Ages",[36,83277,83278],{},"Counts",[20,83280,52318],{},[64,83282,83284],{"className":66,"code":83283,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,83285,83286,83314],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,83287,83288,83291,83293,83295,83297,83299,83302,83304,83307,83309,83312],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,83289,83290],{"class":216},"prices ",[73,83292,221],{"class":220},[73,83294,891],{"class":83},[73,83296,40904],{"class":116},[73,83298,140],{"class":83},[73,83300,83301],{"class":116}," 5.50",[73,83303,140],{"class":83},[73,83305,83306],{"class":116}," 12.75",[73,83308,140],{"class":83},[73,83310,83311],{"class":116}," 29.00",[73,83313,924],{"class":83},[73,83315,83316,83318,83320,83322,83324,83327],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,83317,80],{"class":79},[73,83319,84],{"class":83},[73,83321,82882],{"class":79},[73,83323,84],{"class":83},[73,83325,83326],{"class":245},"prices",[73,83328,102],{"class":83},[20,83330,148],{},[64,83332,83334],{"className":66,"code":83333,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"29.0\n",[15,83335,83336],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,83337,83338],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,83339,83333],{"class":116},[20,83341,83342,83343,83345,83346,653],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,83344,82823],{}," is simpler than ",[646,83347,83348],{"href":74763},[15,83349,74666],{},[59,83351,657,83353,83355],{"id":83352},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,83354,82823],{}," with separate values",[20,83357,83358],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[64,83360,83362],{"className":66,"code":83361,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,83363,83364],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,83365,83366,83368,83370,83372,83374,83376,83378,83380,83382,83384],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,83367,80],{"class":79},[73,83369,84],{"class":83},[73,83371,82882],{"class":79},[73,83373,84],{"class":83},[73,83375,3036],{"class":116},[73,83377,140],{"class":83},[73,83379,31449],{"class":116},[73,83381,140],{"class":83},[73,83383,6505],{"class":116},[73,83385,102],{"class":83},[20,83387,148],{},[64,83389,83390],{"className":66,"code":749,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,83391,83392],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,83393,83394],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,83395,749],{"class":116},[20,83397,83398],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,83400,83401],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[64,83403,83405],{"className":66,"code":83404,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,83406,83407,83416,83424,83434,83438,83461],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,83408,83409,83411,83413],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,83410,3086],{"class":216},[73,83412,221],{"class":220},[73,83414,83415],{"class":116}," 15\n",[73,83417,83418,83420,83422],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,83419,3114],{"class":216},[73,83421,221],{"class":220},[73,83423,3300],{"class":116},[73,83425,83426,83429,83431],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,83427,83428],{"class":216},"c ",[73,83430,221],{"class":220},[73,83432,83433],{"class":116}," 27\n",[73,83435,83436],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,83437,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,83439,83440,83443,83445,83447,83449,83451,83453,83455,83457,83459],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,83441,83442],{"class":216},"largest ",[73,83444,221],{"class":220},[73,83446,83229],{"class":79},[73,83448,84],{"class":83},[73,83450,646],{"class":245},[73,83452,140],{"class":83},[73,83454,3091],{"class":245},[73,83456,140],{"class":83},[73,83458,10187],{"class":245},[73,83460,249],{"class":83},[73,83462,83463,83465,83467,83470],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,83464,80],{"class":79},[73,83466,84],{"class":83},[73,83468,83469],{"class":245},"largest",[73,83471,249],{"class":83},[20,83473,148],{},[64,83475,83476],{"className":66,"code":158,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,83477,83478],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,83479,83480],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,83481,158],{"class":116},[20,83483,83484],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[59,83486,657,83488,660],{"id":83487},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83489,82823],{},[20,83491,83492,83494],{},[15,83493,82823],{}," can compare strings too.",[64,83496,83498],{"className":66,"code":83497,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83499,83500,83532],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,83501,83502,83504,83506,83508,83510,83512,83514,83516,83518,83520,83522,83524,83526,83528,83530],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,83503,4581],{"class":216},[73,83505,221],{"class":220},[73,83507,891],{"class":83},[73,83509,94],{"class":93},[73,83511,4590],{"class":97},[73,83513,94],{"class":93},[73,83515,140],{"class":83},[73,83517,224],{"class":93},[73,83519,4599],{"class":97},[73,83521,94],{"class":93},[73,83523,140],{"class":83},[73,83525,224],{"class":93},[73,83527,78986],{"class":97},[73,83529,94],{"class":93},[73,83531,924],{"class":83},[73,83533,83534,83536,83538,83540,83542,83544],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,83535,80],{"class":79},[73,83537,84],{"class":83},[73,83539,82882],{"class":79},[73,83541,84],{"class":83},[73,83543,4625],{"class":245},[73,83545,102],{"class":83},[20,83547,148],{},[64,83549,83550],{"className":66,"code":82988,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,83551,83552],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,83553,83554],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,83555,82988],{"class":216},[20,83557,83558],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83560,68525],{},[33,83562,83563,83572,83575],{},[36,83564,83565,83568,83569,83571],{},[15,83566,83567],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83570,65516],{}," alphabetically",[36,83573,83574],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[36,83576,83577],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83579,206],{},[64,83581,83583],{"className":66,"code":83582,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83584,83585,83618],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,83586,83587,83589,83591,83593,83595,83597,83599,83601,83603,83606,83608,83610,83612,83614,83616],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,83588,4581],{"class":216},[73,83590,221],{"class":220},[73,83592,891],{"class":83},[73,83594,94],{"class":93},[73,83596,4590],{"class":97},[73,83598,94],{"class":93},[73,83600,140],{"class":83},[73,83602,224],{"class":93},[73,83604,83605],{"class":97},"Banana",[73,83607,94],{"class":93},[73,83609,140],{"class":83},[73,83611,224],{"class":93},[73,83613,78986],{"class":97},[73,83615,94],{"class":93},[73,83617,924],{"class":83},[73,83619,83620,83622,83624,83626,83628,83630],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,83621,80],{"class":79},[73,83623,84],{"class":83},[73,83625,82882],{"class":79},[73,83627,84],{"class":83},[73,83629,4625],{"class":245},[73,83631,102],{"class":83},[20,83633,83634],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83636,83637,83638,83640],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83639,15350],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[59,83642,37120,83643,2029],{"id":78944},[15,83644,15350],{},[20,83646,1580,83647,83649],{},[15,83648,15350],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83651,83652],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[403,83654,83656],{"id":83655},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[64,83658,83660],{"className":66,"code":83659,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83661,83662,83694],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,83663,83664,83666,83668,83670,83672,83674,83676,83678,83680,83682,83684,83686,83688,83690,83692],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,83665,4581],{"class":216},[73,83667,221],{"class":220},[73,83669,891],{"class":83},[73,83671,94],{"class":93},[73,83673,37554],{"class":97},[73,83675,94],{"class":93},[73,83677,140],{"class":83},[73,83679,224],{"class":93},[73,83681,68568],{"class":97},[73,83683,94],{"class":93},[73,83685,140],{"class":83},[73,83687,224],{"class":93},[73,83689,58367],{"class":97},[73,83691,94],{"class":93},[73,83693,924],{"class":83},[73,83695,83696,83698,83700,83702,83704,83706,83708,83710,83712,83714],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,83697,80],{"class":79},[73,83699,84],{"class":83},[73,83701,82882],{"class":79},[73,83703,84],{"class":83},[73,83705,4625],{"class":245},[73,83707,140],{"class":83},[73,83709,22092],{"class":9682},[73,83711,221],{"class":220},[73,83713,11670],{"class":79},[73,83715,102],{"class":83},[20,83717,148],{},[64,83719,83721],{"className":66,"code":83720,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"elephant\n",[15,83722,83723],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,83724,83725],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,83726,83720],{"class":216},[20,83728,21283,83729,83732],{},[15,83730,83731],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83734,83735,83736,34135,83738,653],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83737,42855],{},[646,83739,83740,6295],{"href":42852},[15,83741,42855],{},[403,83743,83745],{"id":83744},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[64,83747,83749],{"className":66,"code":83748,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83750,83751,83783],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,83752,83753,83755,83757,83759,83761,83763,83765,83767,83769,83771,83773,83775,83777,83779,83781],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,83754,4581],{"class":216},[73,83756,221],{"class":220},[73,83758,891],{"class":83},[73,83760,94],{"class":93},[73,83762,4590],{"class":97},[73,83764,94],{"class":93},[73,83766,140],{"class":83},[73,83768,224],{"class":93},[73,83770,83605],{"class":97},[73,83772,94],{"class":93},[73,83774,140],{"class":83},[73,83776,224],{"class":93},[73,83778,78986],{"class":97},[73,83780,94],{"class":93},[73,83782,924],{"class":83},[73,83784,83785,83787,83789,83791,83793,83795,83797,83799,83801,83803,83805,83807],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,83786,80],{"class":79},[73,83788,84],{"class":83},[73,83790,82882],{"class":79},[73,83792,84],{"class":83},[73,83794,4625],{"class":245},[73,83796,140],{"class":83},[73,83798,22092],{"class":9682},[73,83800,221],{"class":220},[73,83802,340],{"class":87},[73,83804,653],{"class":83},[73,83806,9148],{"class":25260},[73,83808,102],{"class":83},[20,83810,148],{},[64,83812,83813],{"className":66,"code":82988,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,83814,83815],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,83816,83817],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,83818,82988],{"class":216},[20,83820,21283,83821,83823],{},[15,83822,78940],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[403,83825,83827],{"id":83826},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83829,83830,83831,1063],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83832,38166],{},[64,83834,83836],{"className":66,"code":83835,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83837,83838,83881],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,83839,83840,83842,83844,83846,83848,83850,83852,83854,83856,83859,83861,83863,83865,83868,83870,83872,83874,83877,83879],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,83841,8289],{"class":216},[73,83843,221],{"class":220},[73,83845,891],{"class":83},[73,83847,94],{"class":93},[73,83849,646],{"class":97},[73,83851,94],{"class":93},[73,83853,140],{"class":83},[73,83855,224],{"class":93},[73,83857,83858],{"class":97},"bb",[73,83860,94],{"class":93},[73,83862,140],{"class":83},[73,83864,224],{"class":93},[73,83866,83867],{"class":97},"cccc",[73,83869,94],{"class":93},[73,83871,140],{"class":83},[73,83873,224],{"class":93},[73,83875,83876],{"class":97},"ddd",[73,83878,94],{"class":93},[73,83880,924],{"class":83},[73,83882,83883,83885,83887,83889,83891,83893,83895,83897,83899,83901,83903,83905,83907,83909,83911],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,83884,80],{"class":79},[73,83886,84],{"class":83},[73,83888,82882],{"class":79},[73,83890,84],{"class":83},[73,83892,8320],{"class":245},[73,83894,140],{"class":83},[73,83896,22092],{"class":9682},[73,83898,221],{"class":220},[73,83900,38166],{"class":333},[73,83902,43335],{"class":38169},[73,83904,1063],{"class":83},[73,83906,38893],{"class":79},[73,83908,84],{"class":83},[73,83910,246],{"class":245},[73,83912,1784],{"class":83},[20,83914,148],{},[64,83916,83918],{"className":66,"code":83917,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"cccc\n",[15,83919,83920],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,83921,83922],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,83923,83917],{"class":216},[20,83925,49787,83926,1647,83928,83930],{},[15,83927,83731],{},[15,83929,78827],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[59,83932,37120,83934,2029],{"id":83933},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83935,83178],{},[20,83937,1580,83938,83940],{},[15,83939,83178],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83942,83943],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[64,83945,83947],{"className":66,"code":83946,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83948,83949,83957],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,83950,83951,83953,83955],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,83952,4134],{"class":216},[73,83954,221],{"class":220},[73,83956,8349],{"class":83},[73,83958,83959,83961,83963,83965,83967,83969,83971,83973,83975,83977],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,83960,80],{"class":79},[73,83962,84],{"class":83},[73,83964,82882],{"class":79},[73,83966,84],{"class":83},[73,83968,4164],{"class":245},[73,83970,140],{"class":83},[73,83972,27033],{"class":9682},[73,83974,221],{"class":220},[73,83976,806],{"class":116},[73,83978,102],{"class":83},[20,83980,148],{},[64,83982,83983],{"className":66,"code":860,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,83984,83985],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,83986,83987],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,83988,860],{"class":116},[20,83990,83991],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83993,83994,83995,83997],{},"Without ",[15,83996,83178],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83999,52318],{},[64,84001,84003],{"className":66,"code":84002,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,84004,84005,84013,84040],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84006,84007,84009,84011],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84008,4581],{"class":216},[73,84010,221],{"class":220},[73,84012,8349],{"class":83},[73,84014,84015,84017,84019,84021,84023,84025,84027,84029,84031,84033,84036,84038],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,84016,2766],{"class":216},[73,84018,221],{"class":220},[73,84020,83229],{"class":79},[73,84022,84],{"class":83},[73,84024,4625],{"class":245},[73,84026,140],{"class":83},[73,84028,27033],{"class":9682},[73,84030,221],{"class":220},[73,84032,94],{"class":93},[73,84034,84035],{"class":97},"no words found",[73,84037,94],{"class":93},[73,84039,249],{"class":83},[73,84041,84042,84044,84046,84048],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,84043,80],{"class":79},[73,84045,84],{"class":83},[73,84047,2800],{"class":245},[73,84049,249],{"class":83},[20,84051,148],{},[64,84053,84055],{"className":66,"code":84054,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"no words found\n",[15,84056,84057],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84058,84059],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84060,84054],{"class":216},[20,84062,84063],{},"Important:",[33,84065,84066,84074],{},[36,84067,84068,84070,84071],{},[15,84069,83178],{}," works with ",[15,84072,84073],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[36,84075,41410,84076,84078,84079],{},[1194,84077,1196],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,84080,84081],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[59,84083,1638],{"id":1637},[20,84085,84086,84087,653],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,84088,82823],{},[403,84090,84092,84094],{"id":84091},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,84093,781],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,84096,84097,84098,46399,84100,653],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,84099,83178],{},[15,84101,781],{},[64,84103,84105],{"className":66,"code":84104,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,84106,84107,84115],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84108,84109,84111,84113],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84110,4134],{"class":216},[73,84112,221],{"class":220},[73,84114,8349],{"class":83},[73,84116,84117,84119,84121,84123,84125,84127],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,84118,80],{"class":79},[73,84120,84],{"class":83},[73,84122,82882],{"class":79},[73,84124,84],{"class":83},[73,84126,4164],{"class":245},[73,84128,102],{"class":83},[20,84130,30190],{},[64,84132,84134],{"className":66,"code":84133,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,84135,84136],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84137,84138,84140,84142,84144,84146,84149,84151],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84139,781],{"class":87},[73,84141,1063],{"class":83},[73,84143,83229],{"class":79},[73,84145,1052],{"class":83},[73,84147,84148],{"class":216}," arg ",[73,84150,12705],{"class":220},[73,84152,84153],{"class":216}," an empty sequence\n",[20,84155,84156,84157,1063],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,84158,83178],{},[64,84160,84162],{"className":66,"code":84161,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,84163,84164,84172],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84165,84166,84168,84170],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84167,4134],{"class":216},[73,84169,221],{"class":220},[73,84171,8349],{"class":83},[73,84173,84174,84176,84178,84180,84182,84184,84186,84188,84190,84192],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,84175,80],{"class":79},[73,84177,84],{"class":83},[73,84179,82882],{"class":79},[73,84181,84],{"class":83},[73,84183,4164],{"class":245},[73,84185,140],{"class":83},[73,84187,27033],{"class":9682},[73,84189,221],{"class":220},[73,84191,1842],{"class":484},[73,84193,102],{"class":83},[20,84195,84196,84197,653],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[646,84198,66081],{"href":73120},[403,84200,84202,84204],{"id":84201},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,84203,1630],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,84206,84207,84208,653],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,84209,1630],{},[64,84211,84213],{"className":66,"code":84212,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84214,84215,84239],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84216,84217,84219,84221,84223,84225,84227,84229,84231,84233,84235,84237],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84218,8289],{"class":216},[73,84220,221],{"class":220},[73,84222,891],{"class":83},[73,84224,452],{"class":116},[73,84226,140],{"class":83},[73,84228,224],{"class":93},[73,84230,16264],{"class":97},[73,84232,94],{"class":93},[73,84234,140],{"class":83},[73,84236,8305],{"class":116},[73,84238,924],{"class":83},[73,84240,84241,84243,84245,84247,84249,84251],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,84242,80],{"class":79},[73,84244,84],{"class":83},[73,84246,82882],{"class":79},[73,84248,84],{"class":83},[73,84250,8320],{"class":245},[73,84252,102],{"class":83},[20,84254,84255],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,84257,84258],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[64,84260,84262],{"className":66,"code":84261,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84263,84264,84284],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84265,84266,84268,84270,84272,84274,84276,84278,84280,84282],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84267,8289],{"class":216},[73,84269,221],{"class":220},[73,84271,891],{"class":83},[73,84273,452],{"class":116},[73,84275,140],{"class":83},[73,84277,8300],{"class":116},[73,84279,140],{"class":83},[73,84281,8305],{"class":116},[73,84283,924],{"class":83},[73,84285,84286,84288,84290,84292,84294,84296],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,84287,80],{"class":79},[73,84289,84],{"class":83},[73,84291,82882],{"class":79},[73,84293,84],{"class":83},[73,84295,8320],{"class":245},[73,84297,102],{"class":83},[20,84299,84300,84301,653],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[646,84302,84304],{"href":84303},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[403,84306,84308,84310],{"id":84307},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,84309,1630],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,84312,84313,84315],{},[15,84314,82823],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[64,84317,84319],{"className":66,"code":84318,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(max())\n",[15,84320,84321],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84322,84323,84325,84327,84329],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84324,80],{"class":79},[73,84326,84],{"class":83},[73,84328,82882],{"class":79},[73,84330,7704],{"class":83},[20,84332,3526,84333,653],{},[15,84334,1630],{},[59,84336,84338,11092,84340],{"id":84337},"max-vs-sorted",[15,84339,82823],{},[15,84341,74666],{},[20,84343,84344],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,84346,84347,1063],{},[15,84348,82823],{},[33,84350,84351],{},[36,84352,84353],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,84355,84356,1063],{},[15,84357,74666],{},[33,84359,84360],{},[36,84361,84362],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,84364,206],{},[64,84366,84368],{"className":66,"code":84367,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,84369,84370,84394,84398,84412],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84371,84372,84374,84376,84378,84380,84382,84384,84386,84388,84390,84392],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84373,4134],{"class":216},[73,84375,221],{"class":220},[73,84377,891],{"class":83},[73,84379,1304],{"class":116},[73,84381,140],{"class":83},[73,84383,594],{"class":116},[73,84385,140],{"class":83},[73,84387,143],{"class":116},[73,84389,140],{"class":83},[73,84391,5118],{"class":116},[73,84393,924],{"class":83},[73,84395,84396],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,84397,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,84399,84400,84402,84404,84406,84408,84410],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,84401,80],{"class":79},[73,84403,84],{"class":83},[73,84405,82882],{"class":79},[73,84407,84],{"class":83},[73,84409,4164],{"class":245},[73,84411,102],{"class":83},[73,84413,84414,84416,84418,84420,84422,84424],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,84415,80],{"class":79},[73,84417,84],{"class":83},[73,84419,74756],{"class":79},[73,84421,84],{"class":83},[73,84423,4164],{"class":245},[73,84425,102],{"class":83},[20,84427,148],{},[64,84429,84431],{"className":66,"code":84430,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84432,84433,84437],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84434,84435],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84436,503],{"class":116},[73,84438,84439,84441,84443,84445,84447,84449,84451,84453,84455],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,84440,4410],{"class":83},[73,84442,530],{"class":116},[73,84444,140],{"class":83},[73,84446,2982],{"class":116},[73,84448,140],{"class":83},[73,84450,5118],{"class":116},[73,84452,140],{"class":83},[73,84454,594],{"class":116},[73,84456,924],{"class":83},[20,84458,171,84459,84461],{},[15,84460,82823],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84463,171,84464,84468],{},[646,84465,84466],{"href":74763},[15,84467,74666],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84470,84471,84472,653],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[646,84473,84475],{"href":84474},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84476,84477],{},"min()",[59,84479,2102],{"id":2101},[20,84481,84482],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[33,84484,84485,84492,84495,84500,84503],{},[36,84486,30159,84487,84489,84490],{},[15,84488,82823],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84491,83178],{},[36,84493,84494],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[36,84496,2300,84497,84499],{},[15,84498,82823],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[36,84501,84502],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[36,84504,657,84505,84507],{},[15,84506,83178],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84509,11621],{},[64,84511,84513],{"className":66,"code":84512,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84514,84515,84525,84539,84553,84567,84589],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84516,84517,84519,84521,84523],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84518,80],{"class":79},[73,84520,84],{"class":83},[73,84522,8320],{"class":245},[73,84524,249],{"class":83},[73,84526,84527,84529,84531,84533,84535,84537],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,84528,80],{"class":79},[73,84530,84],{"class":83},[73,84532,288],{"class":87},[73,84534,84],{"class":83},[73,84536,8320],{"class":245},[73,84538,102],{"class":83},[73,84540,84541,84543,84545,84547,84549,84551],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,84542,80],{"class":79},[73,84544,84],{"class":83},[73,84546,11670],{"class":79},[73,84548,84],{"class":83},[73,84550,8320],{"class":245},[73,84552,102],{"class":83},[73,84554,84555,84557,84559,84561,84563,84565],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,84556,80],{"class":79},[73,84558,84],{"class":83},[73,84560,82882],{"class":79},[73,84562,84],{"class":83},[73,84564,8320],{"class":245},[73,84566,102],{"class":83},[73,84568,84569,84571,84573,84575,84577,84579,84581,84583,84585,84587],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,84570,80],{"class":79},[73,84572,84],{"class":83},[73,84574,82882],{"class":79},[73,84576,84],{"class":83},[73,84578,8320],{"class":245},[73,84580,140],{"class":83},[73,84582,27033],{"class":9682},[73,84584,221],{"class":220},[73,84586,1842],{"class":484},[73,84588,102],{"class":83},[73,84590,84591,84593,84595,84597,84599,84601,84603,84605,84607,84609,84611],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,84592,80],{"class":79},[73,84594,3510],{"class":83},[73,84596,288],{"class":87},[73,84598,84],{"class":83},[73,84600,384],{"class":245},[73,84602,4177],{"class":83},[73,84604,4388],{"class":933},[73,84606,4391],{"class":245},[73,84608,940],{"class":933},[73,84610,6477],{"class":245},[73,84612,4398],{"class":83},[20,84614,84615],{},"These are useful for checking:",[33,84617,84618,84623,84628,84631],{},[36,84619,84620,84621],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84622,8320],{},[36,84624,79993,84625,84627],{},[15,84626,8320],{}," is a list or some other type",[36,84629,84630],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[36,84632,84633],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84635,69589,84636,84639,84640,84642],{},[15,84637,84638],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84641,8320],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[59,84644,2350],{"id":2349},[403,84646,2387,84648,5658],{"id":84647},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84649,82823],{},[20,84651,84652],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[403,84654,5681,84656,84658],{"id":84655},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84657,82823],{}," work with strings?",[20,84660,84661],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[403,84663,71888],{"id":71887},[20,84665,84666,52733,84668,84670,84671,84673],{},[15,84667,82823],{},[15,84669,781],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84672,83178],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[403,84675,84677,84678,3023],{"id":84676},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84679,82823],{},[20,84681,171,84682,1063],{},[15,84683,83731],{},[64,84685,84686],{"className":66,"code":83659,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,84687,84688,84720],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84689,84690,84692,84694,84696,84698,84700,84702,84704,84706,84708,84710,84712,84714,84716,84718],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84691,4581],{"class":216},[73,84693,221],{"class":220},[73,84695,891],{"class":83},[73,84697,94],{"class":93},[73,84699,37554],{"class":97},[73,84701,94],{"class":93},[73,84703,140],{"class":83},[73,84705,224],{"class":93},[73,84707,68568],{"class":97},[73,84709,94],{"class":93},[73,84711,140],{"class":83},[73,84713,224],{"class":93},[73,84715,58367],{"class":97},[73,84717,94],{"class":93},[73,84719,924],{"class":83},[73,84721,84722,84724,84726,84728,84730,84732,84734,84736,84738,84740],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,84723,80],{"class":79},[73,84725,84],{"class":83},[73,84727,82882],{"class":79},[73,84729,84],{"class":83},[73,84731,4625],{"class":245},[73,84733,140],{"class":83},[73,84735,22092],{"class":9682},[73,84737,221],{"class":220},[73,84739,11670],{"class":79},[73,84741,102],{"class":83},[403,84743,5691,84745,1647,84747,3023],{"id":84744},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84746,82823],{},[15,84748,74666],{},[20,84750,84751,84753,84754,84756],{},[15,84752,82823],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84755,74666],{}," returns all items in order.",[59,84758,2413],{"id":2412},[33,84760,84761,84767,84773,84779,84783,84787],{},[36,84762,84763],{},[646,84764,84765,2422],{"href":84474},[15,84766,84477],{},[36,84768,84769],{},[646,84770,84771,2422],{"href":74763},[15,84772,74666],{},[36,84774,84775],{},[646,84776,84777,2422],{"href":42852},[15,84778,42855],{},[36,84780,84781],{},[646,84782,59196],{"href":59195},[36,84784,84785],{},[646,84786,66081],{"href":73120},[36,84788,84789],{},[646,84790,84304],{"href":84303},[2459,84792,84793],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":84795},[84796,84797,84799,84800,84802,84804,84806,84811,84813,84821,84823,84824,84835],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":83013,"depth":105,"text":84798},"What max() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":83182,"depth":105,"text":84801},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83352,"depth":105,"text":84803},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83487,"depth":105,"text":84805},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78944,"depth":105,"text":80142,"children":84807},[84808,84809,84810],{"id":83655,"depth":122,"text":83656},{"id":83744,"depth":122,"text":83745},{"id":83826,"depth":122,"text":83827},{"id":83933,"depth":105,"text":84812},"Using the default argument",{"id":1637,"depth":105,"text":1638,"children":84814},[84815,84817,84819],{"id":84091,"depth":122,"text":84816},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":84201,"depth":122,"text":84818},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84307,"depth":122,"text":84820},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84337,"depth":105,"text":84822},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":84825},[84826,84828,84830,84831,84833],{"id":84647,"depth":122,"text":84827},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84655,"depth":122,"text":84829},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71887,"depth":122,"text":71888},{"id":84676,"depth":122,"text":84832},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84744,"depth":122,"text":84834},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82815,"description":84836},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84843,"title":84844,"body":84845,"description":86799,"extension":2511,"meta":86800,"navigation":254,"path":86801,"seo":86802,"stem":86803,"__hash__":86804},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84846,"toc":86756},[84847,84852,84857,84863,84865,84939,84941,84954,84959,84964,84980,84984,84989,85065,85071,85074,85117,85119,85127,85133,85136,85167,85169,85177,85183,85188,85247,85249,85258,85261,85271,85277,85282,85317,85319,85327,85333,85339,85344,85388,85390,85399,85402,85442,85444,85453,85456,85468,85473,85478,85529,85531,85540,85543,85594,85596,85605,85608,85615,85621,85626,85628,85643,85647,85707,85709,85718,85722,85894,85896,85933,85940,85946,85949,85976,85978,85999,86004,86039,86041,86049,86052,86055,86071,86076,86078,86082,86088,86092,86119,86122,86132,86172,86176,86179,86222,86224,86233,86236,86241,86310,86312,86320,86325,86329,86332,86383,86385,86393,86396,86459,86461,86469,86472,86477,86481,86494,86501,86509,86511,86513,86543,86549,86650,86660,86662,86667,86670,86675,86678,86680,86688,86696,86704,86711,86719,86721,86753],[10,84848,13,84850,18],{"id":84849},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84851,84477],{},[20,84853,84854,84856],{},[15,84855,84477],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84858,84859,84860,84862],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84861,84477],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[59,84864,62],{"id":61},[64,84866,84868],{"className":66,"code":84867,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84869,84870,84894,84909,84913],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84871,84872,84874,84876,84878,84880,84882,84884,84886,84888,84890,84892],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84873,4134],{"class":216},[73,84875,221],{"class":220},[73,84877,891],{"class":83},[73,84879,688],{"class":116},[73,84881,140],{"class":83},[73,84883,143],{"class":116},[73,84885,140],{"class":83},[73,84887,54375],{"class":116},[73,84889,140],{"class":83},[73,84891,2085],{"class":116},[73,84893,924],{"class":83},[73,84895,84896,84898,84900,84903,84905,84907],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,84897,80],{"class":79},[73,84899,84],{"class":83},[73,84901,84902],{"class":79},"min",[73,84904,84],{"class":83},[73,84906,4164],{"class":245},[73,84908,102],{"class":83},[73,84910,84911],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,84912,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,84914,84915,84917,84919,84921,84923,84925,84927,84929,84931,84933,84935,84937],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,84916,80],{"class":79},[73,84918,84],{"class":83},[73,84920,84902],{"class":79},[73,84922,84],{"class":83},[73,84924,688],{"class":116},[73,84926,140],{"class":83},[73,84928,143],{"class":116},[73,84930,140],{"class":83},[73,84932,54375],{"class":116},[73,84934,140],{"class":83},[73,84936,2085],{"class":116},[73,84938,102],{"class":83},[20,84940,148],{},[64,84942,84944],{"className":66,"code":84943,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"1\n1\n",[15,84945,84946,84950],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84947,84948],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84949,508],{"class":116},[73,84951,84952],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,84953,508],{"class":116},[20,84955,171,84956,84958],{},[15,84957,84477],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[59,84960,178,84962,181],{"id":84961},"what-min-does",[15,84963,84477],{},[33,84965,84966,84971,84974,84977],{},[36,84967,84968,84970],{},[15,84969,84477],{}," returns the smallest item",[36,84972,84973],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[36,84975,84976],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[36,84978,84979],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[59,84981,84983],{"id":84982},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84985,84986,84987,1063],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84988,84477],{},[64,84990,84992],{"className":66,"code":84991,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84993,84994,85004,85029,85047],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,84995,84996,84998,85000,85002],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,84997,84902],{"class":79},[73,84999,84],{"class":83},[73,85001,4235],{"class":245},[73,85003,249],{"class":83},[73,85005,85006,85008,85010,85013,85015,85018,85020,85023,85025,85027],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,85007,84902],{"class":79},[73,85009,84],{"class":83},[73,85011,85012],{"class":245},"value1",[73,85014,140],{"class":83},[73,85016,85017],{"class":245}," value2",[73,85019,140],{"class":83},[73,85021,85022],{"class":245}," value3",[73,85024,140],{"class":83},[73,85026,34961],{"class":79},[73,85028,249],{"class":83},[73,85030,85031,85033,85035,85037,85039,85041,85043,85045],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,85032,84902],{"class":79},[73,85034,84],{"class":83},[73,85036,4235],{"class":245},[73,85038,140],{"class":83},[73,85040,22092],{"class":9682},[73,85042,221],{"class":220},[73,85044,37877],{"class":79},[73,85046,249],{"class":83},[73,85048,85049,85051,85053,85055,85057,85059,85061,85063],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,85050,84902],{"class":79},[73,85052,84],{"class":83},[73,85054,4235],{"class":245},[73,85056,140],{"class":83},[73,85058,27033],{"class":9682},[73,85060,221],{"class":220},[73,85062,37877],{"class":79},[73,85064,249],{"class":83},[403,85066,85068],{"id":85067},"miniterable",[15,85069,85070],{},"min(iterable)",[20,85072,85073],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[64,85075,85077],{"className":66,"code":85076,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85078,85079,85103],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85080,85081,85083,85085,85087,85089,85091,85093,85095,85097,85099,85101],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85082,4134],{"class":216},[73,85084,221],{"class":220},[73,85086,891],{"class":83},[73,85088,536],{"class":116},[73,85090,140],{"class":83},[73,85092,2982],{"class":116},[73,85094,140],{"class":83},[73,85096,31449],{"class":116},[73,85098,140],{"class":83},[73,85100,2085],{"class":116},[73,85102,924],{"class":83},[73,85104,85105,85107,85109,85111,85113,85115],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,85106,80],{"class":79},[73,85108,84],{"class":83},[73,85110,84902],{"class":79},[73,85112,84],{"class":83},[73,85114,4164],{"class":245},[73,85116,102],{"class":83},[20,85118,148],{},[64,85120,85121],{"className":66,"code":508,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,85122,85123],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85124,85125],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85126,508],{"class":116},[403,85128,85130],{"id":85129},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,85131,85132],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,85134,85135],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[64,85137,85139],{"className":66,"code":85138,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,85140,85141],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85142,85143,85145,85147,85149,85151,85153,85155,85157,85159,85161,85163,85165],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85144,80],{"class":79},[73,85146,84],{"class":83},[73,85148,84902],{"class":79},[73,85150,84],{"class":83},[73,85152,536],{"class":116},[73,85154,140],{"class":83},[73,85156,2982],{"class":116},[73,85158,140],{"class":83},[73,85160,31449],{"class":116},[73,85162,140],{"class":83},[73,85164,2085],{"class":116},[73,85166,102],{"class":83},[20,85168,148],{},[64,85170,85171],{"className":66,"code":508,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,85172,85173],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85174,85175],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85176,508],{"class":116},[403,85178,85180],{"id":85179},"miniterable-key",[15,85181,85182],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,85184,171,85185,85187],{},[15,85186,15350],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[64,85189,85191],{"className":66,"code":85190,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85192,85193,85225],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85194,85195,85197,85199,85201,85203,85205,85207,85209,85211,85213,85215,85217,85219,85221,85223],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85196,4581],{"class":216},[73,85198,221],{"class":220},[73,85200,891],{"class":83},[73,85202,94],{"class":93},[73,85204,78986],{"class":97},[73,85206,94],{"class":93},[73,85208,140],{"class":83},[73,85210,224],{"class":93},[73,85212,38848],{"class":97},[73,85214,94],{"class":93},[73,85216,140],{"class":83},[73,85218,224],{"class":93},[73,85220,4599],{"class":97},[73,85222,94],{"class":93},[73,85224,924],{"class":83},[73,85226,85227,85229,85231,85233,85235,85237,85239,85241,85243,85245],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,85228,80],{"class":79},[73,85230,84],{"class":83},[73,85232,84902],{"class":79},[73,85234,84],{"class":83},[73,85236,4625],{"class":245},[73,85238,140],{"class":83},[73,85240,22092],{"class":9682},[73,85242,221],{"class":220},[73,85244,11670],{"class":79},[73,85246,102],{"class":83},[20,85248,148],{},[64,85250,85252],{"className":66,"code":85251,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"kiwi\n",[15,85253,85254],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85255,85256],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85257,85251],{"class":216},[20,85259,85260],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,85262,85263,85264,85266,85267,653],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,85265,42855],{},", see the ",[646,85268,85269,2422],{"href":42852},[15,85270,42855],{},[403,85272,85274],{"id":85273},"miniterable-default",[15,85275,85276],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,85278,171,85279,85281],{},[15,85280,83178],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[64,85283,85285],{"className":66,"code":85284,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,85286,85287,85295],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85288,85289,85291,85293],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85290,4134],{"class":216},[73,85292,221],{"class":220},[73,85294,8349],{"class":83},[73,85296,85297,85299,85301,85303,85305,85307,85309,85311,85313,85315],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,85298,80],{"class":79},[73,85300,84],{"class":83},[73,85302,84902],{"class":79},[73,85304,84],{"class":83},[73,85306,4164],{"class":245},[73,85308,140],{"class":83},[73,85310,27033],{"class":9682},[73,85312,221],{"class":220},[73,85314,806],{"class":116},[73,85316,102],{"class":83},[20,85318,148],{},[64,85320,85321],{"className":66,"code":860,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,85322,85323],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85324,85325],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85326,860],{"class":116},[20,85328,85329,85330,85332],{},"This avoids a ",[15,85331,781],{}," when there is no item to return.",[59,85334,657,85336,85338],{"id":85335},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,85337,84477],{}," with numbers",[20,85340,85341,85343],{},[15,85342,84477],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[64,85345,85347],{"className":66,"code":85346,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,85348,85349,85374],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85350,85351,85353,85355,85357,85359,85361,85364,85366,85368,85370,85372],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85352,5577],{"class":216},[73,85354,221],{"class":220},[73,85356,891],{"class":83},[73,85358,51743],{"class":116},[73,85360,140],{"class":83},[73,85362,85363],{"class":116}," 72",[73,85365,140],{"class":83},[73,85367,29416],{"class":116},[73,85369,140],{"class":83},[73,85371,76342],{"class":116},[73,85373,924],{"class":83},[73,85375,85376,85378,85380,85382,85384,85386],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,85377,80],{"class":79},[73,85379,84],{"class":83},[73,85381,84902],{"class":79},[73,85383,84],{"class":83},[73,85385,16899],{"class":245},[73,85387,102],{"class":83},[20,85389,148],{},[64,85391,85393],{"className":66,"code":85392,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"60\n",[15,85394,85395],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85396,85397],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85398,85392],{"class":116},[20,85400,85401],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[64,85403,85405],{"className":66,"code":85404,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,85406,85407,85428],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85408,85409,85411,85413,85415,85417,85419,85422,85424,85426],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85410,83290],{"class":216},[73,85412,221],{"class":220},[73,85414,891],{"class":83},[73,85416,40904],{"class":116},[73,85418,140],{"class":83},[73,85420,85421],{"class":116}," 5.49",[73,85423,140],{"class":83},[73,85425,83306],{"class":116},[73,85427,924],{"class":83},[73,85429,85430,85432,85434,85436,85438,85440],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,85431,80],{"class":79},[73,85433,84],{"class":83},[73,85435,84902],{"class":79},[73,85437,84],{"class":83},[73,85439,83326],{"class":245},[73,85441,102],{"class":83},[20,85443,148],{},[64,85445,85447],{"className":66,"code":85446,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"5.49\n",[15,85448,85449],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85450,85451],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85452,85446],{"class":116},[20,85454,85455],{},"This is useful for things like:",[33,85457,85458,85460,85462,85465],{},[36,85459,16899],{},[36,85461,83326],{},[36,85463,85464],{},"measurements",[36,85466,85467],{},"ages",[59,85469,657,85471,660],{"id":85470},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85472,84477],{},[20,85474,85475,85477],{},[15,85476,84477],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[64,85479,85481],{"className":66,"code":85480,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85482,85483,85515],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85484,85485,85487,85489,85491,85493,85495,85497,85499,85501,85503,85505,85507,85509,85511,85513],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85486,4581],{"class":216},[73,85488,221],{"class":220},[73,85490,891],{"class":83},[73,85492,94],{"class":93},[73,85494,4599],{"class":97},[73,85496,94],{"class":93},[73,85498,140],{"class":83},[73,85500,224],{"class":93},[73,85502,4590],{"class":97},[73,85504,94],{"class":93},[73,85506,140],{"class":83},[73,85508,224],{"class":93},[73,85510,4608],{"class":97},[73,85512,94],{"class":93},[73,85514,924],{"class":83},[73,85516,85517,85519,85521,85523,85525,85527],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,85518,80],{"class":79},[73,85520,84],{"class":83},[73,85522,84902],{"class":79},[73,85524,84],{"class":83},[73,85526,4625],{"class":245},[73,85528,102],{"class":83},[20,85530,148],{},[64,85532,85534],{"className":66,"code":85533,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"apple\n",[15,85535,85536],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85537,85538],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85539,85533],{"class":216},[20,85541,85542],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[64,85544,85546],{"className":66,"code":85545,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85547,85548,85580],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85549,85550,85552,85554,85556,85558,85560,85562,85564,85566,85568,85570,85572,85574,85576,85578],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85551,4581],{"class":216},[73,85553,221],{"class":220},[73,85555,891],{"class":83},[73,85557,94],{"class":93},[73,85559,4599],{"class":97},[73,85561,94],{"class":93},[73,85563,140],{"class":83},[73,85565,224],{"class":93},[73,85567,58008],{"class":97},[73,85569,94],{"class":93},[73,85571,140],{"class":83},[73,85573,224],{"class":93},[73,85575,4608],{"class":97},[73,85577,94],{"class":93},[73,85579,924],{"class":83},[73,85581,85582,85584,85586,85588,85590,85592],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,85583,80],{"class":79},[73,85585,84],{"class":83},[73,85587,84902],{"class":79},[73,85589,84],{"class":83},[73,85591,4625],{"class":245},[73,85593,102],{"class":83},[20,85595,148],{},[64,85597,85599],{"className":66,"code":85598,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Apple\n",[15,85600,85601],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85602,85603],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85604,85598],{"class":216},[20,85606,85607],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85609,85610,85611,653],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[646,85612,85613,6295],{"href":74763},[15,85614,74666],{},[59,85616,657,85618,85620],{"id":85617},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85619,84477],{}," with a key function",[20,85622,1580,85623,85625],{},[15,85624,15350],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85627,11968],{},[33,85629,85630,85635,85640],{},[36,85631,85632,85634],{},[15,85633,15350],{}," changes the comparison rule",[36,85636,85637,85639],{},[15,85638,84477],{}," still returns the original item",[36,85641,85642],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[403,85644,85646],{"id":85645},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[64,85648,85650],{"className":66,"code":85649,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85651,85652,85685],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85653,85654,85656,85658,85660,85662,85664,85666,85668,85670,85672,85674,85676,85678,85681,85683],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85655,4581],{"class":216},[73,85657,221],{"class":220},[73,85659,891],{"class":83},[73,85661,94],{"class":93},[73,85663,68568],{"class":97},[73,85665,94],{"class":93},[73,85667,140],{"class":83},[73,85669,224],{"class":93},[73,85671,37554],{"class":97},[73,85673,94],{"class":93},[73,85675,140],{"class":83},[73,85677,224],{"class":93},[73,85679,85680],{"class":97},"giraffe",[73,85682,94],{"class":93},[73,85684,924],{"class":83},[73,85686,85687,85689,85691,85693,85695,85697,85699,85701,85703,85705],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,85688,80],{"class":79},[73,85690,84],{"class":83},[73,85692,84902],{"class":79},[73,85694,84],{"class":83},[73,85696,4625],{"class":245},[73,85698,140],{"class":83},[73,85700,22092],{"class":9682},[73,85702,221],{"class":220},[73,85704,11670],{"class":79},[73,85706,102],{"class":83},[20,85708,148],{},[64,85710,85712],{"className":66,"code":85711,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"cat\n",[15,85713,85714],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85715,85716],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85717,85711],{"class":216},[403,85719,85721],{"id":85720},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[64,85723,85725],{"className":66,"code":85724,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85726,85727,85737,85772,85804,85836,85840,85844,85883],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85728,85729,85732,85734],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85730,85731],{"class":216},"students ",[73,85733,221],{"class":220},[73,85735,85736],{"class":83}," [\n",[73,85738,85739,85742,85744,85746,85748,85750,85752,85754,85756,85758,85760,85763,85765,85767,85769],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,85740,85741],{"class":83},"    {",[73,85743,94],{"class":93},[73,85745,8177],{"class":97},[73,85747,94],{"class":93},[73,85749,1063],{"class":83},[73,85751,224],{"class":93},[73,85753,13391],{"class":97},[73,85755,94],{"class":93},[73,85757,140],{"class":83},[73,85759,224],{"class":93},[73,85761,85762],{"class":97},"score",[73,85764,94],{"class":93},[73,85766,1063],{"class":83},[73,85768,14018],{"class":116},[73,85770,85771],{"class":83},"},\n",[73,85773,85774,85776,85778,85780,85782,85784,85786,85788,85790,85792,85794,85796,85798,85800,85802],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,85775,85741],{"class":83},[73,85777,94],{"class":93},[73,85779,8177],{"class":97},[73,85781,94],{"class":93},[73,85783,1063],{"class":83},[73,85785,224],{"class":93},[73,85787,36447],{"class":97},[73,85789,94],{"class":93},[73,85791,140],{"class":83},[73,85793,224],{"class":93},[73,85795,85762],{"class":97},[73,85797,94],{"class":93},[73,85799,1063],{"class":83},[73,85801,85363],{"class":116},[73,85803,85771],{"class":83},[73,85805,85806,85808,85810,85812,85814,85816,85818,85820,85822,85824,85826,85828,85830,85832,85834],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,85807,85741],{"class":83},[73,85809,94],{"class":93},[73,85811,8177],{"class":97},[73,85813,94],{"class":93},[73,85815,1063],{"class":83},[73,85817,224],{"class":93},[73,85819,36456],{"class":97},[73,85821,94],{"class":93},[73,85823,140],{"class":83},[73,85825,224],{"class":93},[73,85827,85762],{"class":97},[73,85829,94],{"class":93},[73,85831,1063],{"class":83},[73,85833,20410],{"class":116},[73,85835,9814],{"class":83},[73,85837,85838],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,85839,924],{"class":83},[73,85841,85842],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,85843,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,85845,85846,85849,85851,85854,85856,85859,85861,85863,85865,85867,85869,85871,85873,85875,85877,85879,85881],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,85847,85848],{"class":216},"lowest ",[73,85850,221],{"class":220},[73,85852,85853],{"class":79}," min",[73,85855,84],{"class":83},[73,85857,85858],{"class":245},"students",[73,85860,140],{"class":83},[73,85862,22092],{"class":9682},[73,85864,221],{"class":220},[73,85866,38166],{"class":333},[73,85868,13417],{"class":38169},[73,85870,1063],{"class":83},[73,85872,13417],{"class":245},[73,85874,4410],{"class":83},[73,85876,94],{"class":93},[73,85878,85762],{"class":97},[73,85880,94],{"class":93},[73,85882,4398],{"class":83},[73,85884,85885,85887,85889,85892],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,85886,80],{"class":79},[73,85888,84],{"class":83},[73,85890,85891],{"class":245},"lowest",[73,85893,249],{"class":83},[20,85895,148],{},[64,85897,85899],{"className":66,"code":85898,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85900,85901],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85902,85903,85905,85907,85909,85911,85913,85915,85917,85919,85921,85923,85925,85927,85929,85931],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85904,999],{"class":83},[73,85906,343],{"class":93},[73,85908,8177],{"class":97},[73,85910,343],{"class":93},[73,85912,1063],{"class":83},[73,85914,337],{"class":93},[73,85916,36447],{"class":97},[73,85918,343],{"class":93},[73,85920,140],{"class":83},[73,85922,337],{"class":93},[73,85924,85762],{"class":97},[73,85926,343],{"class":93},[73,85928,1063],{"class":83},[73,85930,85363],{"class":116},[73,85932,9814],{"class":83},[20,85934,85935,85936,85939],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85937,85938],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[59,85941,657,85943,85945],{"id":85942},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85944,83178],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85947,85948],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[64,85950,85952],{"className":66,"code":85951,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85953,85954,85962],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85955,85956,85958,85960],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85957,4134],{"class":216},[73,85959,221],{"class":220},[73,85961,8349],{"class":83},[73,85963,85964,85966,85968,85970,85972,85974],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,85965,80],{"class":79},[73,85967,84],{"class":83},[73,85969,84902],{"class":79},[73,85971,84],{"class":83},[73,85973,4164],{"class":245},[73,85975,102],{"class":83},[20,85977,148],{},[64,85979,85981],{"className":66,"code":85980,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85982,85983],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,85984,85985,85987,85989,85991,85993,85995,85997],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,85986,781],{"class":87},[73,85988,1063],{"class":83},[73,85990,85853],{"class":79},[73,85992,1052],{"class":83},[73,85994,84148],{"class":216},[73,85996,12705],{"class":220},[73,85998,84153],{"class":216},[20,86000,86001,86002,1063],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,86003,83178],{},[64,86005,86007],{"className":66,"code":86006,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,86008,86009,86017],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,86010,86011,86013,86015],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,86012,4134],{"class":216},[73,86014,221],{"class":220},[73,86016,8349],{"class":83},[73,86018,86019,86021,86023,86025,86027,86029,86031,86033,86035,86037],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,86020,80],{"class":79},[73,86022,84],{"class":83},[73,86024,84902],{"class":79},[73,86026,84],{"class":83},[73,86028,4164],{"class":245},[73,86030,140],{"class":83},[73,86032,27033],{"class":9682},[73,86034,221],{"class":220},[73,86036,1842],{"class":484},[73,86038,102],{"class":83},[20,86040,148],{},[64,86042,86043],{"className":66,"code":12319,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,86044,86045],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,86046,86047],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,86048,12319],{"class":484},[20,86050,86051],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,86053,86054],{},"Remember:",[33,86056,86057,86065],{},[36,86058,86059,86061,86062,86064],{},[15,86060,83178],{}," works only when ",[15,86063,84477],{}," gets one iterable argument",[36,86066,86067,86068],{},"It does not work with ",[15,86069,86070],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,86072,86073,86074,653],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[646,86075,66081],{"href":73120},[59,86077,11252],{"id":11251},[20,86079,57015,86080,653],{},[15,86081,84477],{},[403,86083,86085,86086],{"id":86084},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,86087,83178],{},[20,86089,3526,86090,1063],{},[15,86091,781],{},[64,86093,86095],{"className":66,"code":86094,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,86096,86097,86105],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,86098,86099,86101,86103],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,86100,8289],{"class":216},[73,86102,221],{"class":220},[73,86104,8349],{"class":83},[73,86106,86107,86109,86111,86113,86115,86117],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,86108,80],{"class":79},[73,86110,84],{"class":83},[73,86112,84902],{"class":79},[73,86114,84],{"class":83},[73,86116,8320],{"class":245},[73,86118,102],{"class":83},[20,86120,86121],{},"Fix it by:",[33,86123,86124,86127],{},[36,86125,86126],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[36,86128,86129,86130],{},"or using ",[15,86131,83178],{},[64,86133,86135],{"className":66,"code":86134,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,86136,86137,86145],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,86138,86139,86141,86143],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,86140,8289],{"class":216},[73,86142,221],{"class":220},[73,86144,8349],{"class":83},[73,86146,86147,86149,86151,86153,86155,86157,86159,86161,86163,86165,86168,86170],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,86148,80],{"class":79},[73,86150,84],{"class":83},[73,86152,84902],{"class":79},[73,86154,84],{"class":83},[73,86156,8320],{"class":245},[73,86158,140],{"class":83},[73,86160,27033],{"class":9682},[73,86162,221],{"class":220},[73,86164,94],{"class":93},[73,86166,86167],{"class":97},"no items",[73,86169,94],{"class":93},[73,86171,102],{"class":83},[403,86173,86175],{"id":86174},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,86177,86178],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[64,86180,86182],{"className":66,"code":86181,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,86183,86184,86208],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,86185,86186,86188,86190,86192,86194,86196,86198,86200,86202,86204,86206],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,86187,9672],{"class":216},[73,86189,221],{"class":220},[73,86191,891],{"class":83},[73,86193,452],{"class":116},[73,86195,140],{"class":83},[73,86197,224],{"class":93},[73,86199,16264],{"class":97},[73,86201,94],{"class":93},[73,86203,140],{"class":83},[73,86205,5118],{"class":116},[73,86207,924],{"class":83},[73,86209,86210,86212,86214,86216,86218,86220],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,86211,80],{"class":79},[73,86213,84],{"class":83},[73,86215,84902],{"class":79},[73,86217,84],{"class":83},[73,86219,9710],{"class":245},[73,86221,102],{"class":83},[20,86223,148],{},[64,86225,86227],{"className":66,"code":86226,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"TypeError\n",[15,86228,86229],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,86230,86231],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,86232,86226],{"class":87},[20,86234,86235],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,86237,86238,86239,653],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,86240,84477],{},[64,86242,86244],{"className":66,"code":86243,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86245,86246,86270,86296],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,86247,86248,86250,86252,86254,86256,86258,86260,86262,86264,86266,86268],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,86249,9672],{"class":216},[73,86251,221],{"class":220},[73,86253,891],{"class":83},[73,86255,452],{"class":116},[73,86257,140],{"class":83},[73,86259,224],{"class":93},[73,86261,16264],{"class":97},[73,86263,94],{"class":93},[73,86265,140],{"class":83},[73,86267,5118],{"class":116},[73,86269,924],{"class":83},[73,86271,86272,86274,86276,86278,86280,86282,86284,86286,86288,86290,86292,86294],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,86273,4134],{"class":216},[73,86275,221],{"class":220},[73,86277,891],{"class":83},[73,86279,88],{"class":87},[73,86281,84],{"class":83},[73,86283,384],{"class":245},[73,86285,4177],{"class":83},[73,86287,4388],{"class":933},[73,86289,4391],{"class":216},[73,86291,940],{"class":933},[73,86293,15076],{"class":216},[73,86295,924],{"class":83},[73,86297,86298,86300,86302,86304,86306,86308],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,86299,80],{"class":79},[73,86301,84],{"class":83},[73,86303,84902],{"class":79},[73,86305,84],{"class":83},[73,86307,4164],{"class":245},[73,86309,102],{"class":83},[20,86311,148],{},[64,86313,86314],{"className":66,"code":168,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,86315,86316],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,86317,86318],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,86319,168],{"class":116},[20,86321,86322,86323,653],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,86324,1630],{},[403,86326,86328],{"id":86327},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,86330,86331],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[64,86333,86335],{"className":66,"code":86334,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,86336,86337,86369],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,86338,86339,86341,86343,86345,86347,86349,86351,86353,86355,86357,86359,86361,86363,86365,86367],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,86340,4581],{"class":216},[73,86342,221],{"class":220},[73,86344,891],{"class":83},[73,86346,94],{"class":93},[73,86348,79802],{"class":97},[73,86350,94],{"class":93},[73,86352,140],{"class":83},[73,86354,224],{"class":93},[73,86356,58008],{"class":97},[73,86358,94],{"class":93},[73,86360,140],{"class":83},[73,86362,224],{"class":93},[73,86364,79819],{"class":97},[73,86366,94],{"class":93},[73,86368,924],{"class":83},[73,86370,86371,86373,86375,86377,86379,86381],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,86372,80],{"class":79},[73,86374,84],{"class":83},[73,86376,84902],{"class":79},[73,86378,84],{"class":83},[73,86380,4625],{"class":245},[73,86382,102],{"class":83},[20,86384,148],{},[64,86386,86387],{"className":66,"code":85598,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,86388,86389],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,86390,86391],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,86392,85598],{"class":216},[20,86394,86395],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[64,86397,86399],{"className":66,"code":86398,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,86400,86401,86433],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,86402,86403,86405,86407,86409,86411,86413,86415,86417,86419,86421,86423,86425,86427,86429,86431],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,86404,4581],{"class":216},[73,86406,221],{"class":220},[73,86408,891],{"class":83},[73,86410,94],{"class":93},[73,86412,79802],{"class":97},[73,86414,94],{"class":93},[73,86416,140],{"class":83},[73,86418,224],{"class":93},[73,86420,58008],{"class":97},[73,86422,94],{"class":93},[73,86424,140],{"class":83},[73,86426,224],{"class":93},[73,86428,79819],{"class":97},[73,86430,94],{"class":93},[73,86432,924],{"class":83},[73,86434,86435,86437,86439,86441,86443,86445,86447,86449,86451,86453,86455,86457],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,86436,80],{"class":79},[73,86438,84],{"class":83},[73,86440,84902],{"class":79},[73,86442,84],{"class":83},[73,86444,4625],{"class":245},[73,86446,140],{"class":83},[73,86448,22092],{"class":9682},[73,86450,221],{"class":220},[73,86452,340],{"class":87},[73,86454,653],{"class":83},[73,86456,9148],{"class":25260},[73,86458,102],{"class":83},[20,86460,148],{},[64,86462,86463],{"className":66,"code":85598,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,86464,86465],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,86466,86467],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,86468,85598],{"class":216},[20,86470,86471],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[59,86473,1999,86475],{"id":86474},"when-to-use-min",[15,86476,84477],{},[20,86478,171,86479,11108],{},[15,86480,84477],{},[33,86482,86483,86486,86491],{},[36,86484,86485],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[36,86487,86488,86489],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86490,15350],{},[36,86492,86493],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86495,171,86496,86500],{},[646,86497,86498],{"href":74763},[15,86499,74666],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86502,171,86503,86508],{},[646,86504,86506],{"href":86505},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86507,82823],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[59,86510,2102],{"id":2101},[20,86512,84482],{},[33,86514,86515,86523,86526,86531,86538],{},[36,86516,86517,86518,86520,86521],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86519,84477],{}," without using ",[15,86522,83178],{},[36,86524,86525],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[36,86527,2300,86528,86530],{},[15,86529,84477],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[36,86532,5217,86533,86535,86536,85639],{},[15,86534,15350],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86537,84477],{},[36,86539,657,86540,86542],{},[15,86541,83178],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86544,86545,86546,86548],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86547,84477],{},", these quick checks can help:",[64,86550,86552],{"className":66,"code":86551,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86553,86554,86568,86578,86592,86606,86628],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,86555,86556,86558,86560,86562,86564,86566],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,86557,80],{"class":79},[73,86559,84],{"class":83},[73,86561,288],{"class":87},[73,86563,84],{"class":83},[73,86565,9710],{"class":245},[73,86567,102],{"class":83},[73,86569,86570,86572,86574,86576],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,86571,80],{"class":79},[73,86573,84],{"class":83},[73,86575,9710],{"class":245},[73,86577,249],{"class":83},[73,86579,86580,86582,86584,86586,86588,86590],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,86581,80],{"class":79},[73,86583,84],{"class":83},[73,86585,11670],{"class":79},[73,86587,84],{"class":83},[73,86589,9710],{"class":245},[73,86591,102],{"class":83},[73,86593,86594,86596,86598,86600,86602,86604],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,86595,80],{"class":79},[73,86597,84],{"class":83},[73,86599,84902],{"class":79},[73,86601,84],{"class":83},[73,86603,9710],{"class":245},[73,86605,102],{"class":83},[73,86607,86608,86610,86612,86614,86616,86618,86620,86622,86624,86626],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,86609,80],{"class":79},[73,86611,84],{"class":83},[73,86613,84902],{"class":79},[73,86615,84],{"class":83},[73,86617,9710],{"class":245},[73,86619,140],{"class":83},[73,86621,27033],{"class":9682},[73,86623,221],{"class":220},[73,86625,1842],{"class":484},[73,86627,102],{"class":83},[73,86629,86630,86632,86634,86636,86638,86640,86642,86644,86646,86648],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,86631,80],{"class":79},[73,86633,84],{"class":83},[73,86635,84902],{"class":79},[73,86637,84],{"class":83},[73,86639,4625],{"class":245},[73,86641,140],{"class":83},[73,86643,22092],{"class":9682},[73,86645,221],{"class":220},[73,86647,11670],{"class":79},[73,86649,102],{"class":83},[20,86651,86652,86653,86656,86657,86659],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86654,86655],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86658,9710],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[59,86661,2350],{"id":2349},[403,86663,2387,86665,5658],{"id":86664},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86666,84477],{},[20,86668,86669],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[403,86671,5681,86673,84658],{"id":86672},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86674,84477],{},[20,86676,86677],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[403,86679,71888],{"id":71887},[20,86681,86682,52733,86684,84670,86686,37128],{},[15,86683,84477],{},[15,86685,781],{},[15,86687,83178],{},[403,86689,2387,86691,86693,86694,3023],{"id":86690},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86692,15350],{}," do in ",[15,86695,84477],{},[20,86697,86698,86700,86701,86703],{},[15,86699,15350],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86702,83731],{}," compares strings by length.",[403,86705,5691,86707,1647,86709,3023],{"id":86706},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86708,84477],{},[15,86710,74666],{},[20,86712,86713,86715,86716,86718],{},[15,86714,84477],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86717,74666],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[59,86720,2413],{"id":2412},[33,86722,86723,86729,86735,86741,86745,86749],{},[36,86724,86725],{},[646,86726,86727,2422],{"href":86505},[15,86728,82823],{},[36,86730,86731],{},[646,86732,86733,2422],{"href":74763},[15,86734,74666],{},[36,86736,86737],{},[646,86738,86739,2422],{"href":42852},[15,86740,42855],{},[36,86742,86743],{},[646,86744,80115],{"href":78618},[36,86746,86747],{},[646,86748,59196],{"href":59195},[36,86750,86751],{},[646,86752,66081],{"href":73120},[2459,86754,86755],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":86757},[86758,86759,86761,86767,86769,86771,86776,86778,86784,86786,86787,86798],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":84961,"depth":105,"text":86760},"What min() does",{"id":84982,"depth":105,"text":84983,"children":86762},[86763,86764,86765,86766],{"id":85067,"depth":122,"text":85070},{"id":85129,"depth":122,"text":85132},{"id":85179,"depth":122,"text":85182},{"id":85273,"depth":122,"text":85276},{"id":85335,"depth":105,"text":86768},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85470,"depth":105,"text":86770},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85617,"depth":105,"text":86772,"children":86773},"Using min() with a key function",[86774,86775],{"id":85645,"depth":122,"text":85646},{"id":85720,"depth":122,"text":85721},{"id":85942,"depth":105,"text":86777},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":11251,"depth":105,"text":11252,"children":86779},[86780,86782,86783],{"id":86084,"depth":122,"text":86781},"Empty list without default",{"id":86174,"depth":122,"text":86175},{"id":86327,"depth":122,"text":86328},{"id":86474,"depth":105,"text":86785},"When to use min()",{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":86788},[86789,86791,86793,86794,86796],{"id":86664,"depth":122,"text":86790},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86672,"depth":122,"text":86792},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71887,"depth":122,"text":71888},{"id":86690,"depth":122,"text":86795},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86706,"depth":122,"text":86797},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84844,"description":86799},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86806,"title":86807,"body":86808,"description":88987,"extension":2511,"meta":88988,"navigation":254,"path":88989,"seo":88990,"stem":88991,"__hash__":88992},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86809,"toc":88951},[86810,86813,86819,86825,86827,86908,86917,86921,86926,86928,86973,86975,87055,87061,87063,87066,87098,87100,87118,87120,87193,87195,87214,87218,87221,87257,87259,87326,87400,87473,87478,87482,87488,87491,87508,87511,87513,87574,87576,87596,87602,87606,87609,87679,87682,87701,87706,87782,87785,87789,87795,87799,87804,87874,87878,87883,87957,87961,87964,88039,88050,88054,88059,88149,88154,88222,88225,88244,88255,88259,88262,88267,88270,88332,88335,88346,88351,88354,88357,88362,88365,88368,88372,88375,88381,88384,88395,88397,88459,88474,88480,88483,88486,88497,88508,88514,88517,88519,88581,88591,88597,88602,88608,88612,88618,88621,88642,88644,88649,88676,88679,88706,88709,88748,88751,88789,88792,88853,88856,88858,88862,88865,88869,88875,88883,88891,88895,88898,88902,88908,88910,88948],[10,86811,86807],{"id":86812},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86814,86815,86818],{},[15,86816,86817],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86820,86821,86822,86824],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86823,86817],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[59,86826,62],{"id":61},[64,86828,86830],{"className":66,"code":86829,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86831,86832,86881,86897],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,86833,86834,86837,86840,86842,86844,86847,86849,86851,86853,86855,86857,86859,86862,86864,86866,86869,86871,86873,86875,86879],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,86835,86836],{"class":933},"with",[73,86838,86839],{"class":79}," open",[73,86841,84],{"class":83},[73,86843,94],{"class":93},[73,86845,86846],{"class":97},"example.txt",[73,86848,94],{"class":93},[73,86850,140],{"class":83},[73,86852,224],{"class":93},[73,86854,60746],{"class":97},[73,86856,94],{"class":93},[73,86858,140],{"class":83},[73,86860,86861],{"class":9682}," encoding",[73,86863,221],{"class":220},[73,86865,94],{"class":93},[73,86867,86868],{"class":97},"utf-8",[73,86870,94],{"class":93},[73,86872,4177],{"class":83},[73,86874,980],{"class":933},[73,86876,86878],{"class":86877},"sMMDD"," file",[73,86880,946],{"class":83},[73,86882,86883,86886,86888,86890,86892,86895],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,86884,86885],{"class":216},"    content ",[73,86887,221],{"class":220},[73,86889,86878],{"class":86877},[73,86891,653],{"class":83},[73,86893,86894],{"class":245},"read",[73,86896,9151],{"class":83},[73,86898,86899,86901,86903,86906],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,86900,1676],{"class":79},[73,86902,84],{"class":83},[73,86904,86905],{"class":245},"content",[73,86907,249],{"class":83},[20,86909,171,86910,86912,86913,86916],{},[15,86911,86836],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86914,86915],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[59,86918,86920],{"id":86919},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86922,86923,86925],{},[15,86924,86817],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86927,11968],{},[33,86929,86930,86933,86938,86943],{},[36,86931,86932],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[36,86934,41410,86935,86937],{},[1194,86936,1196],{}," read or write anything by itself",[36,86939,17933,86940],{},[1194,86941,86942],{},"file object",[36,86944,86945,86946],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[33,86947,86948,86953,86958,86963,86968],{},[36,86949,86950],{},[15,86951,86952],{},"read()",[36,86954,86955],{},[15,86956,86957],{},"readline()",[36,86959,86960],{},[15,86961,86962],{},"readlines()",[36,86964,86965],{},[15,86966,86967],{},"write()",[36,86969,86970],{},[15,86971,86972],{},"close()",[20,86974,206],{},[64,86976,86978],{"className":66,"code":86977,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86979,86980,87019,87034,87044],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,86981,86982,86985,86987,86989,86991,86993,86995,86997,86999,87001,87003,87005,87007,87009,87011,87013,87015,87017],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,86983,86984],{"class":86877},"file",[73,86986,13787],{"class":220},[73,86988,86839],{"class":79},[73,86990,84],{"class":83},[73,86992,94],{"class":93},[73,86994,86846],{"class":97},[73,86996,94],{"class":93},[73,86998,140],{"class":83},[73,87000,224],{"class":93},[73,87002,60746],{"class":97},[73,87004,94],{"class":93},[73,87006,140],{"class":83},[73,87008,86861],{"class":9682},[73,87010,221],{"class":220},[73,87012,94],{"class":93},[73,87014,86868],{"class":97},[73,87016,94],{"class":93},[73,87018,249],{"class":83},[73,87020,87021,87024,87026,87028,87030,87032],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,87022,87023],{"class":216},"content ",[73,87025,221],{"class":220},[73,87027,86878],{"class":86877},[73,87029,653],{"class":83},[73,87031,86894],{"class":245},[73,87033,9151],{"class":83},[73,87035,87036,87038,87040,87042],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,87037,80],{"class":79},[73,87039,84],{"class":83},[73,87041,86905],{"class":245},[73,87043,249],{"class":83},[73,87045,87046,87048,87050,87053],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,87047,86984],{"class":86877},[73,87049,653],{"class":83},[73,87051,87052],{"class":245},"close",[73,87054,9151],{"class":83},[20,87056,87057,87058,87060],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,87059,86836],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[59,87062,370],{"id":369},[20,87064,87065],{},"A common form is:",[64,87067,87069],{"className":66,"code":87068,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,87070,87071],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,87072,87073,87075,87077,87079,87081,87084,87086,87088,87090,87092,87094,87096],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,87074,42920],{"class":79},[73,87076,84],{"class":83},[73,87078,86984],{"class":86877},[73,87080,140],{"class":83},[73,87082,87083],{"class":245}," mode",[73,87085,140],{"class":83},[73,87087,86861],{"class":9682},[73,87089,221],{"class":220},[73,87091,94],{"class":93},[73,87093,86868],{"class":97},[73,87095,94],{"class":93},[73,87097,249],{"class":83},[20,87099,65287],{},[33,87101,87102,87107,87112],{},[36,87103,87104,87106],{},[15,87105,86984],{}," is the file name or file path",[36,87108,87109,87111],{},[15,87110,21431],{}," controls how the file is opened",[36,87113,87114,87117],{},[15,87115,87116],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,87119,206],{},[64,87121,87123],{"className":66,"code":87122,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,87124,87125,87168,87183],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,87126,87127,87129,87131,87133,87135,87138,87140,87142,87144,87146,87148,87150,87152,87154,87156,87158,87160,87162,87164,87166],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,87128,86836],{"class":933},[73,87130,86839],{"class":79},[73,87132,84],{"class":83},[73,87134,94],{"class":93},[73,87136,87137],{"class":97},"notes.txt",[73,87139,94],{"class":93},[73,87141,140],{"class":83},[73,87143,224],{"class":93},[73,87145,60746],{"class":97},[73,87147,94],{"class":93},[73,87149,140],{"class":83},[73,87151,86861],{"class":9682},[73,87153,221],{"class":220},[73,87155,94],{"class":93},[73,87157,86868],{"class":97},[73,87159,94],{"class":93},[73,87161,4177],{"class":83},[73,87163,980],{"class":933},[73,87165,86878],{"class":86877},[73,87167,946],{"class":83},[73,87169,87170,87173,87175,87177,87179,87181],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,87171,87172],{"class":216},"    text ",[73,87174,221],{"class":220},[73,87176,86878],{"class":86877},[73,87178,653],{"class":83},[73,87180,86894],{"class":245},[73,87182,9151],{"class":83},[73,87184,87185,87187,87189,87191],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,87186,1676],{"class":79},[73,87188,84],{"class":83},[73,87190,246],{"class":245},[73,87192,249],{"class":83},[20,87194,20469],{},[33,87196,87197,87203,87208],{},[36,87198,87199,87202],{},[15,87200,87201],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[36,87204,87205,87207],{},[15,87206,86915],{}," means open for reading",[36,87209,87210,87213],{},[15,87211,87212],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[59,87215,87217],{"id":87216},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,87219,87220],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[33,87222,87223,87228,87234,87239,87245,87251],{},[36,87224,87225,87227],{},[15,87226,86915],{}," = read a text file",[36,87229,87230,87233],{},[15,87231,87232],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[36,87235,87236,87238],{},[15,87237,18608],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[36,87240,87241,87244],{},[15,87242,87243],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[36,87246,87247,87250],{},[15,87248,87249],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[36,87252,87253,87256],{},[15,87254,87255],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,87258,2667],{},[64,87260,87262],{"className":66,"code":87261,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87263,87264,87269,87312],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,87265,87266],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,87267,87268],{"class":769},"# Read a text file\n",[73,87270,87271,87273,87275,87277,87279,87282,87284,87286,87288,87290,87292,87294,87296,87298,87300,87302,87304,87306,87308,87310],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,87272,86836],{"class":933},[73,87274,86839],{"class":79},[73,87276,84],{"class":83},[73,87278,94],{"class":93},[73,87280,87281],{"class":97},"data.txt",[73,87283,94],{"class":93},[73,87285,140],{"class":83},[73,87287,224],{"class":93},[73,87289,60746],{"class":97},[73,87291,94],{"class":93},[73,87293,140],{"class":83},[73,87295,86861],{"class":9682},[73,87297,221],{"class":220},[73,87299,94],{"class":93},[73,87301,86868],{"class":97},[73,87303,94],{"class":93},[73,87305,4177],{"class":83},[73,87307,980],{"class":933},[73,87309,86878],{"class":86877},[73,87311,946],{"class":83},[73,87313,87314,87316,87318,87320,87322,87324],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,87315,1676],{"class":79},[73,87317,84],{"class":83},[73,87319,86984],{"class":86877},[73,87321,653],{"class":83},[73,87323,86894],{"class":245},[73,87325,7704],{"class":83},[64,87327,87329],{"className":66,"code":87328,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,87330,87331,87336,87378],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,87332,87333],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,87334,87335],{"class":769},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[73,87337,87338,87340,87342,87344,87346,87348,87350,87352,87354,87356,87358,87360,87362,87364,87366,87368,87370,87372,87374,87376],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,87339,86836],{"class":933},[73,87341,86839],{"class":79},[73,87343,84],{"class":83},[73,87345,94],{"class":93},[73,87347,87281],{"class":97},[73,87349,94],{"class":93},[73,87351,140],{"class":83},[73,87353,224],{"class":93},[73,87355,60729],{"class":97},[73,87357,94],{"class":93},[73,87359,140],{"class":83},[73,87361,86861],{"class":9682},[73,87363,221],{"class":220},[73,87365,94],{"class":93},[73,87367,86868],{"class":97},[73,87369,94],{"class":93},[73,87371,4177],{"class":83},[73,87373,980],{"class":933},[73,87375,86878],{"class":86877},[73,87377,946],{"class":83},[73,87379,87380,87383,87385,87387,87389,87391,87393,87396,87398],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,87381,87382],{"class":86877},"    file",[73,87384,653],{"class":83},[73,87386,70437],{"class":245},[73,87388,84],{"class":83},[73,87390,94],{"class":93},[73,87392,35373],{"class":97},[73,87394,87395],{"class":34960},"\\n",[73,87397,94],{"class":93},[73,87399,249],{"class":83},[64,87401,87403],{"className":66,"code":87402,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87404,87405,87410,87452],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,87406,87407],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,87408,87409],{"class":769},"# Append to a text file\n",[73,87411,87412,87414,87416,87418,87420,87422,87424,87426,87428,87430,87432,87434,87436,87438,87440,87442,87444,87446,87448,87450],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,87413,86836],{"class":933},[73,87415,86839],{"class":79},[73,87417,84],{"class":83},[73,87419,94],{"class":93},[73,87421,87281],{"class":97},[73,87423,94],{"class":93},[73,87425,140],{"class":83},[73,87427,224],{"class":93},[73,87429,646],{"class":97},[73,87431,94],{"class":93},[73,87433,140],{"class":83},[73,87435,86861],{"class":9682},[73,87437,221],{"class":220},[73,87439,94],{"class":93},[73,87441,86868],{"class":97},[73,87443,94],{"class":93},[73,87445,4177],{"class":83},[73,87447,980],{"class":933},[73,87449,86878],{"class":86877},[73,87451,946],{"class":83},[73,87453,87454,87456,87458,87460,87462,87464,87467,87469,87471],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,87455,87382],{"class":86877},[73,87457,653],{"class":83},[73,87459,70437],{"class":245},[73,87461,84],{"class":83},[73,87463,94],{"class":93},[73,87465,87466],{"class":97},"Another line",[73,87468,87395],{"class":34960},[73,87470,94],{"class":93},[73,87472,249],{"class":83},[20,87474,69589,87475,87477],{},[15,87476,87232],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[59,87479,87481],{"id":87480},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87483,87484,22486,87486,653],{},[15,87485,86817],{},[1194,87487,86942],{},[20,87489,87490],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[33,87492,87493,87498,87503],{},[36,87494,87495],{},[15,87496,87497],{},"file.read()",[36,87499,87500],{},[15,87501,87502],{},"file.write()",[36,87504,87505],{},[15,87506,87507],{},"file.close()",[20,87509,87510],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87512,206],{},[64,87514,87516],{"className":66,"code":87515,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87517,87518,87560],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,87519,87520,87522,87524,87526,87528,87530,87532,87534,87536,87538,87540,87542,87544,87546,87548,87550,87552,87554,87556,87558],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,87521,86836],{"class":933},[73,87523,86839],{"class":79},[73,87525,84],{"class":83},[73,87527,94],{"class":93},[73,87529,86846],{"class":97},[73,87531,94],{"class":93},[73,87533,140],{"class":83},[73,87535,224],{"class":93},[73,87537,60746],{"class":97},[73,87539,94],{"class":93},[73,87541,140],{"class":83},[73,87543,86861],{"class":9682},[73,87545,221],{"class":220},[73,87547,94],{"class":93},[73,87549,86868],{"class":97},[73,87551,94],{"class":93},[73,87553,4177],{"class":83},[73,87555,980],{"class":933},[73,87557,86878],{"class":86877},[73,87559,946],{"class":83},[73,87561,87562,87564,87566,87568,87570,87572],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,87563,1676],{"class":79},[73,87565,84],{"class":83},[73,87567,288],{"class":87},[73,87569,84],{"class":83},[73,87571,86984],{"class":86877},[73,87573,102],{"class":83},[20,87575,30536],{},[64,87577,87579],{"className":66,"code":87578,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87580,87581],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,87582,87583,87585,87587,87589,87592,87594],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,87584,330],{"class":220},[73,87586,334],{"class":333},[73,87588,337],{"class":93},[73,87590,87591],{"class":97},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[73,87593,343],{"class":93},[73,87595,346],{"class":220},[20,87597,87598,87599,87601],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87600,86817],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[59,87603,87605],{"id":87604},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87607,87608],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[64,87610,87611],{"className":66,"code":86829,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,87612,87613,87655,87669],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,87614,87615,87617,87619,87621,87623,87625,87627,87629,87631,87633,87635,87637,87639,87641,87643,87645,87647,87649,87651,87653],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,87616,86836],{"class":933},[73,87618,86839],{"class":79},[73,87620,84],{"class":83},[73,87622,94],{"class":93},[73,87624,86846],{"class":97},[73,87626,94],{"class":93},[73,87628,140],{"class":83},[73,87630,224],{"class":93},[73,87632,60746],{"class":97},[73,87634,94],{"class":93},[73,87636,140],{"class":83},[73,87638,86861],{"class":9682},[73,87640,221],{"class":220},[73,87642,94],{"class":93},[73,87644,86868],{"class":97},[73,87646,94],{"class":93},[73,87648,4177],{"class":83},[73,87650,980],{"class":933},[73,87652,86878],{"class":86877},[73,87654,946],{"class":83},[73,87656,87657,87659,87661,87663,87665,87667],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,87658,86885],{"class":216},[73,87660,221],{"class":220},[73,87662,86878],{"class":86877},[73,87664,653],{"class":83},[73,87666,86894],{"class":245},[73,87668,9151],{"class":83},[73,87670,87671,87673,87675,87677],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,87672,1676],{"class":79},[73,87674,84],{"class":83},[73,87676,86905],{"class":245},[73,87678,249],{"class":83},[20,87680,87681],{},"Why this is recommended:",[33,87683,87684,87689,87695,87698],{},[36,87685,87686,87688],{},[15,87687,86836],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[36,87690,87691,87692,87694],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87693,86972],{}," yourself",[36,87696,87697],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[36,87699,87700],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87702,83994,87703,87705],{},[15,87704,86836],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[64,87707,87708],{"className":66,"code":86977,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,87709,87710,87748,87762,87772],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,87711,87712,87714,87716,87718,87720,87722,87724,87726,87728,87730,87732,87734,87736,87738,87740,87742,87744,87746],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,87713,86984],{"class":86877},[73,87715,13787],{"class":220},[73,87717,86839],{"class":79},[73,87719,84],{"class":83},[73,87721,94],{"class":93},[73,87723,86846],{"class":97},[73,87725,94],{"class":93},[73,87727,140],{"class":83},[73,87729,224],{"class":93},[73,87731,60746],{"class":97},[73,87733,94],{"class":93},[73,87735,140],{"class":83},[73,87737,86861],{"class":9682},[73,87739,221],{"class":220},[73,87741,94],{"class":93},[73,87743,86868],{"class":97},[73,87745,94],{"class":93},[73,87747,249],{"class":83},[73,87749,87750,87752,87754,87756,87758,87760],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,87751,87023],{"class":216},[73,87753,221],{"class":220},[73,87755,86878],{"class":86877},[73,87757,653],{"class":83},[73,87759,86894],{"class":245},[73,87761,9151],{"class":83},[73,87763,87764,87766,87768,87770],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,87765,80],{"class":79},[73,87767,84],{"class":83},[73,87769,86905],{"class":245},[73,87771,249],{"class":83},[73,87773,87774,87776,87778,87780],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,87775,86984],{"class":86877},[73,87777,653],{"class":83},[73,87779,87052],{"class":245},[73,87781,9151],{"class":83},[20,87783,87784],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[59,87786,87788],{"id":87787},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87790,87791,87792,87794],{},"Use mode ",[15,87793,86915],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[403,87796,87798],{"id":87797},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87800,87801,87803],{},[15,87802,86952],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[64,87805,87806],{"className":66,"code":86829,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,87807,87808,87850,87864],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,87809,87810,87812,87814,87816,87818,87820,87822,87824,87826,87828,87830,87832,87834,87836,87838,87840,87842,87844,87846,87848],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,87811,86836],{"class":933},[73,87813,86839],{"class":79},[73,87815,84],{"class":83},[73,87817,94],{"class":93},[73,87819,86846],{"class":97},[73,87821,94],{"class":93},[73,87823,140],{"class":83},[73,87825,224],{"class":93},[73,87827,60746],{"class":97},[73,87829,94],{"class":93},[73,87831,140],{"class":83},[73,87833,86861],{"class":9682},[73,87835,221],{"class":220},[73,87837,94],{"class":93},[73,87839,86868],{"class":97},[73,87841,94],{"class":93},[73,87843,4177],{"class":83},[73,87845,980],{"class":933},[73,87847,86878],{"class":86877},[73,87849,946],{"class":83},[73,87851,87852,87854,87856,87858,87860,87862],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,87853,86885],{"class":216},[73,87855,221],{"class":220},[73,87857,86878],{"class":86877},[73,87859,653],{"class":83},[73,87861,86894],{"class":245},[73,87863,9151],{"class":83},[73,87865,87866,87868,87870,87872],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,87867,1676],{"class":79},[73,87869,84],{"class":83},[73,87871,86905],{"class":245},[73,87873,249],{"class":83},[403,87875,87877],{"id":87876},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87879,87880,87882],{},[15,87881,86957],{}," reads one line at a time.",[64,87884,87886],{"className":66,"code":87885,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87887,87888,87930,87946],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,87889,87890,87892,87894,87896,87898,87900,87902,87904,87906,87908,87910,87912,87914,87916,87918,87920,87922,87924,87926,87928],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,87891,86836],{"class":933},[73,87893,86839],{"class":79},[73,87895,84],{"class":83},[73,87897,94],{"class":93},[73,87899,86846],{"class":97},[73,87901,94],{"class":93},[73,87903,140],{"class":83},[73,87905,224],{"class":93},[73,87907,60746],{"class":97},[73,87909,94],{"class":93},[73,87911,140],{"class":83},[73,87913,86861],{"class":9682},[73,87915,221],{"class":220},[73,87917,94],{"class":93},[73,87919,86868],{"class":97},[73,87921,94],{"class":93},[73,87923,4177],{"class":83},[73,87925,980],{"class":933},[73,87927,86878],{"class":86877},[73,87929,946],{"class":83},[73,87931,87932,87935,87937,87939,87941,87944],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,87933,87934],{"class":216},"    first_line ",[73,87936,221],{"class":220},[73,87938,86878],{"class":86877},[73,87940,653],{"class":83},[73,87942,87943],{"class":245},"readline",[73,87945,9151],{"class":83},[73,87947,87948,87950,87952,87955],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,87949,1676],{"class":79},[73,87951,84],{"class":83},[73,87953,87954],{"class":245},"first_line",[73,87956,249],{"class":83},[403,87958,87960],{"id":87959},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87962,87963],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[64,87965,87967],{"className":66,"code":87966,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87968,87969,88011,88025],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,87970,87971,87973,87975,87977,87979,87981,87983,87985,87987,87989,87991,87993,87995,87997,87999,88001,88003,88005,88007,88009],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,87972,86836],{"class":933},[73,87974,86839],{"class":79},[73,87976,84],{"class":83},[73,87978,94],{"class":93},[73,87980,86846],{"class":97},[73,87982,94],{"class":93},[73,87984,140],{"class":83},[73,87986,224],{"class":93},[73,87988,60746],{"class":97},[73,87990,94],{"class":93},[73,87992,140],{"class":83},[73,87994,86861],{"class":9682},[73,87996,221],{"class":220},[73,87998,94],{"class":93},[73,88000,86868],{"class":97},[73,88002,94],{"class":93},[73,88004,4177],{"class":83},[73,88006,980],{"class":933},[73,88008,86878],{"class":86877},[73,88010,946],{"class":83},[73,88012,88013,88016,88019,88021,88023],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,88014,88015],{"class":933},"    for",[73,88017,88018],{"class":216}," line ",[73,88020,940],{"class":933},[73,88022,86878],{"class":86877},[73,88024,946],{"class":83},[73,88026,88027,88029,88031,88033,88035,88037],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,88028,958],{"class":79},[73,88030,84],{"class":83},[73,88032,75],{"class":245},[73,88034,653],{"class":83},[73,88036,9142],{"class":245},[73,88038,7704],{"class":83},[20,88040,88041,88042,3408,88046,653],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[646,88043,88045],{"href":88044},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[646,88047,88049],{"href":88048},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[59,88051,88053],{"id":88052},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,88055,171,88056,88058],{},[15,88057,87232],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[64,88060,88062],{"className":66,"code":88061,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,88063,88064,88107,88128],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,88065,88066,88068,88070,88072,88074,88077,88079,88081,88083,88085,88087,88089,88091,88093,88095,88097,88099,88101,88103,88105],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,88067,86836],{"class":933},[73,88069,86839],{"class":79},[73,88071,84],{"class":83},[73,88073,94],{"class":93},[73,88075,88076],{"class":97},"output.txt",[73,88078,94],{"class":93},[73,88080,140],{"class":83},[73,88082,224],{"class":93},[73,88084,60729],{"class":97},[73,88086,94],{"class":93},[73,88088,140],{"class":83},[73,88090,86861],{"class":9682},[73,88092,221],{"class":220},[73,88094,94],{"class":93},[73,88096,86868],{"class":97},[73,88098,94],{"class":93},[73,88100,4177],{"class":83},[73,88102,980],{"class":933},[73,88104,86878],{"class":86877},[73,88106,946],{"class":83},[73,88108,88109,88111,88113,88115,88117,88119,88122,88124,88126],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,88110,87382],{"class":86877},[73,88112,653],{"class":83},[73,88114,70437],{"class":245},[73,88116,84],{"class":83},[73,88118,94],{"class":93},[73,88120,88121],{"class":97},"First line",[73,88123,87395],{"class":34960},[73,88125,94],{"class":93},[73,88127,249],{"class":83},[73,88129,88130,88132,88134,88136,88138,88140,88143,88145,88147],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,88131,87382],{"class":86877},[73,88133,653],{"class":83},[73,88135,70437],{"class":245},[73,88137,84],{"class":83},[73,88139,94],{"class":93},[73,88141,88142],{"class":97},"Second line",[73,88144,87395],{"class":34960},[73,88146,94],{"class":93},[73,88148,249],{"class":83},[20,88150,171,88151,88153],{},[15,88152,18608],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[64,88155,88157],{"className":66,"code":88156,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,88158,88159,88201],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,88160,88161,88163,88165,88167,88169,88171,88173,88175,88177,88179,88181,88183,88185,88187,88189,88191,88193,88195,88197,88199],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,88162,86836],{"class":933},[73,88164,86839],{"class":79},[73,88166,84],{"class":83},[73,88168,94],{"class":93},[73,88170,88076],{"class":97},[73,88172,94],{"class":93},[73,88174,140],{"class":83},[73,88176,224],{"class":93},[73,88178,646],{"class":97},[73,88180,94],{"class":93},[73,88182,140],{"class":83},[73,88184,86861],{"class":9682},[73,88186,221],{"class":220},[73,88188,94],{"class":93},[73,88190,86868],{"class":97},[73,88192,94],{"class":93},[73,88194,4177],{"class":83},[73,88196,980],{"class":933},[73,88198,86878],{"class":86877},[73,88200,946],{"class":83},[73,88202,88203,88205,88207,88209,88211,88213,88216,88218,88220],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,88204,87382],{"class":86877},[73,88206,653],{"class":83},[73,88208,70437],{"class":245},[73,88210,84],{"class":83},[73,88212,94],{"class":93},[73,88214,88215],{"class":97},"Third line",[73,88217,87395],{"class":34960},[73,88219,94],{"class":93},[73,88221,249],{"class":83},[20,88223,88224],{},"Important detail:",[33,88226,88227,88232,88239],{},[36,88228,88229,88231],{},[15,88230,86967],{}," writes a string",[36,88233,88234,1192,88236,88238],{},[15,88235,86967],{},[1194,88237,1196],{}," add a newline for you",[36,88240,88241,88242,87694],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,88243,87395],{},[20,88245,88246,88247,3408,88251,653],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[646,88248,88250],{"href":88249},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[646,88252,88254],{"href":88253},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[59,88256,88258],{"id":88257},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,88260,88261],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[403,88263,88265],{"id":88264},"encodingutf-8",[15,88266,87212],{},[20,88268,88269],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[64,88271,88273],{"className":66,"code":88272,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88274,88275,88318],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,88276,88277,88279,88281,88283,88285,88288,88290,88292,88294,88296,88298,88300,88302,88304,88306,88308,88310,88312,88314,88316],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,88278,86836],{"class":933},[73,88280,86839],{"class":79},[73,88282,84],{"class":83},[73,88284,94],{"class":93},[73,88286,88287],{"class":97},"message.txt",[73,88289,94],{"class":93},[73,88291,140],{"class":83},[73,88293,224],{"class":93},[73,88295,60746],{"class":97},[73,88297,94],{"class":93},[73,88299,140],{"class":83},[73,88301,86861],{"class":9682},[73,88303,221],{"class":220},[73,88305,94],{"class":93},[73,88307,86868],{"class":97},[73,88309,94],{"class":93},[73,88311,4177],{"class":83},[73,88313,980],{"class":933},[73,88315,86878],{"class":86877},[73,88317,946],{"class":83},[73,88319,88320,88322,88324,88326,88328,88330],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,88321,1676],{"class":79},[73,88323,84],{"class":83},[73,88325,86984],{"class":86877},[73,88327,653],{"class":83},[73,88329,86894],{"class":245},[73,88331,7704],{"class":83},[20,88333,88334],{},"Why it matters:",[33,88336,88337,88340,88343],{},[36,88338,88339],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[36,88341,88342],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[36,88344,88345],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[403,88347,88349],{"id":88348},"newline",[15,88350,88348],{},[20,88352,88353],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,88355,88356],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[403,88358,88360],{"id":88359},"buffering",[15,88361,88359],{},[20,88363,88364],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,88366,88367],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[59,88369,88371],{"id":88370},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,88373,88374],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[403,88376,88378],{"id":88377},"filenotfounderror",[15,88379,88380],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,88382,88383],{},"This happens when:",[33,88385,88386,88389,88392],{},[36,88387,88388],{},"the file does not exist",[36,88390,88391],{},"the path is wrong",[36,88393,88394],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,88396,206],{},[64,88398,88400],{"className":66,"code":88399,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88401,88402,88445],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,88403,88404,88406,88408,88410,88412,88415,88417,88419,88421,88423,88425,88427,88429,88431,88433,88435,88437,88439,88441,88443],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,88405,86836],{"class":933},[73,88407,86839],{"class":79},[73,88409,84],{"class":83},[73,88411,94],{"class":93},[73,88413,88414],{"class":97},"missing.txt",[73,88416,94],{"class":93},[73,88418,140],{"class":83},[73,88420,224],{"class":93},[73,88422,60746],{"class":97},[73,88424,94],{"class":93},[73,88426,140],{"class":83},[73,88428,86861],{"class":9682},[73,88430,221],{"class":220},[73,88432,94],{"class":93},[73,88434,86868],{"class":97},[73,88436,94],{"class":93},[73,88438,4177],{"class":83},[73,88440,980],{"class":933},[73,88442,86878],{"class":86877},[73,88444,946],{"class":83},[73,88446,88447,88449,88451,88453,88455,88457],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,88448,1676],{"class":79},[73,88450,84],{"class":83},[73,88452,86984],{"class":86877},[73,88454,653],{"class":83},[73,88456,86894],{"class":245},[73,88458,7704],{"class":83},[20,88460,88461,88462,1647,88470,653],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[646,88463,88465,88466,88469],{"href":88464},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[73,88467,88468],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[646,88471,88473],{"href":88472},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[403,88475,88477],{"id":88476},"permissionerror",[15,88478,88479],{},"PermissionError",[20,88481,88482],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88484,88485],{},"Example causes:",[33,88487,88488,88491,88494],{},[36,88489,88490],{},"the file is protected",[36,88492,88493],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[36,88495,88496],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88498,88499,88500],{},"Related page: ",[646,88501,88503,88504,88507],{"href":88502},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[73,88505,88506],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[403,88509,88511],{"id":88510},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88512,88513],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88515,88516],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88518,206],{},[64,88520,88522],{"className":66,"code":88521,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88523,88524,88567],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,88525,88526,88528,88530,88532,88534,88537,88539,88541,88543,88545,88547,88549,88551,88553,88555,88557,88559,88561,88563,88565],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,88527,86836],{"class":933},[73,88529,86839],{"class":79},[73,88531,84],{"class":83},[73,88533,94],{"class":93},[73,88535,88536],{"class":97},"my_folder",[73,88538,94],{"class":93},[73,88540,140],{"class":83},[73,88542,224],{"class":93},[73,88544,60746],{"class":97},[73,88546,94],{"class":93},[73,88548,140],{"class":83},[73,88550,86861],{"class":9682},[73,88552,221],{"class":220},[73,88554,94],{"class":93},[73,88556,86868],{"class":97},[73,88558,94],{"class":93},[73,88560,4177],{"class":83},[73,88562,980],{"class":933},[73,88564,86878],{"class":86877},[73,88566,946],{"class":83},[73,88568,88569,88571,88573,88575,88577,88579],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,88570,1676],{"class":79},[73,88572,84],{"class":83},[73,88574,86984],{"class":86877},[73,88576,653],{"class":83},[73,88578,86894],{"class":245},[73,88580,7704],{"class":83},[20,88582,88499,88583],{},[646,88584,88586,88587,88590],{"href":88585},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[73,88588,88589],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[403,88592,88594],{"id":88593},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88595,88596],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88598,88599,88600,653],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88601,86817],{},[20,88603,88499,88604],{},[646,88605,88607],{"href":88606},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[59,88609,88611],{"id":88610},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88613,88614,88615,88617],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88616,86817],{}," function.",[20,88619,88620],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[33,88622,88623,88626,88629,88635],{},[36,88624,88625],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[36,88627,88628],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[36,88630,88631,88632,88634],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88633,86817],{}," itself",[36,88636,88637,88638],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[646,88639,88641],{"href":88640},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[59,88643,2102],{"id":2101},[20,88645,88646,88647,1063],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88648,86817],{},[33,88650,88651,88656,88662,88667,88670,88673],{},[36,88652,657,88653,88655],{},[15,88654,86915],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[36,88657,88658,88659,88661],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88660,87116],{}," for text files",[36,88663,657,88664,88666],{},[15,88665,87232],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[36,88668,88669],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[36,88671,88672],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[36,88674,88675],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88677,88678],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[64,88680,88682],{"className":66,"code":88681,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88683,88684,88691],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,88685,88686,88688],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,88687,35597],{"class":933},[73,88689,88690],{"class":216}," os\n",[73,88692,88693,88695,88697,88699,88701,88704],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,88694,80],{"class":79},[73,88696,84],{"class":83},[73,88698,43119],{"class":245},[73,88700,653],{"class":83},[73,88702,88703],{"class":245},"getcwd",[73,88705,7704],{"class":83},[20,88707,88708],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[64,88710,88712],{"className":66,"code":88711,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88713,88714,88720],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,88715,88716,88718],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,88717,35597],{"class":933},[73,88719,88690],{"class":216},[73,88721,88722,88724,88726,88728,88730,88733,88735,88738,88740,88742,88744,88746],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,88723,80],{"class":79},[73,88725,84],{"class":83},[73,88727,43119],{"class":245},[73,88729,653],{"class":83},[73,88731,88732],{"class":25260},"path",[73,88734,653],{"class":83},[73,88736,88737],{"class":245},"exists",[73,88739,84],{"class":83},[73,88741,94],{"class":93},[73,88743,86846],{"class":97},[73,88745,94],{"class":93},[73,88747,102],{"class":83},[20,88749,88750],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[64,88752,88754],{"className":66,"code":88753,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88755,88756,88762],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,88757,88758,88760],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,88759,35597],{"class":933},[73,88761,88690],{"class":216},[73,88763,88764,88766,88768,88770,88772,88774,88776,88779,88781,88783,88785,88787],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,88765,80],{"class":79},[73,88767,84],{"class":83},[73,88769,43119],{"class":245},[73,88771,653],{"class":83},[73,88773,88732],{"class":25260},[73,88775,653],{"class":83},[73,88777,88778],{"class":245},"isfile",[73,88780,84],{"class":83},[73,88782,94],{"class":93},[73,88784,86846],{"class":97},[73,88786,94],{"class":93},[73,88788,102],{"class":83},[20,88790,88791],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[64,88793,88795],{"className":66,"code":88794,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88796,88797,88839],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,88798,88799,88801,88803,88805,88807,88809,88811,88813,88815,88817,88819,88821,88823,88825,88827,88829,88831,88833,88835,88837],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,88800,86836],{"class":933},[73,88802,86839],{"class":79},[73,88804,84],{"class":83},[73,88806,94],{"class":93},[73,88808,86846],{"class":97},[73,88810,94],{"class":93},[73,88812,140],{"class":83},[73,88814,224],{"class":93},[73,88816,60746],{"class":97},[73,88818,94],{"class":93},[73,88820,140],{"class":83},[73,88822,86861],{"class":9682},[73,88824,221],{"class":220},[73,88826,94],{"class":93},[73,88828,86868],{"class":97},[73,88830,94],{"class":93},[73,88832,4177],{"class":83},[73,88834,980],{"class":933},[73,88836,86878],{"class":86877},[73,88838,946],{"class":83},[73,88840,88841,88843,88845,88847,88849,88851],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,88842,1676],{"class":79},[73,88844,84],{"class":83},[73,88846,86984],{"class":86877},[73,88848,653],{"class":83},[73,88850,86894],{"class":245},[73,88852,7704],{"class":83},[20,88854,88855],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[59,88857,2350],{"id":2349},[403,88859,88861],{"id":88860},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88863,88864],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[403,88866,88868],{"id":88867},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88870,88871,88872,88874],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88873,86836],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[403,88876,5691,88878,1647,88880,88882],{"id":88877},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88879,87232],{},[15,88881,18608],{}," mode?",[20,88884,88885,88887,88888,88890],{},[15,88886,87232],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88889,18608],{}," adds new content to the end.",[403,88892,88894],{"id":88893},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88896,88897],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[403,88899,88901],{"id":88900},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88903,88904,88905,88907],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88906,87212],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[59,88909,2413],{"id":2412},[33,88911,88912,88916,88920,88924,88928,88932,88936,88942],{},[36,88913,88914],{},[646,88915,88045],{"href":88044},[36,88917,88918],{},[646,88919,88250],{"href":88249},[36,88921,88922],{},[646,88923,88254],{"href":88253},[36,88925,88926],{},[646,88927,88049],{"href":88048},[36,88929,88930],{},[646,88931,88641],{"href":88640},[36,88933,88934],{},[646,88935,88473],{"href":88472},[36,88937,88938],{},[646,88939,88465,88940,88469],{"href":88464},[73,88941,88468],{},[36,88943,88944],{},[646,88945,88503,88946,88507],{"href":88502},[73,88947,88506],{},[2459,88949,88950],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":88952},[88953,88954,88955,88956,88957,88958,88959,88964,88965,88970,88976,88977,88978,88986],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":86919,"depth":105,"text":86920},{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":87216,"depth":105,"text":87217},{"id":87480,"depth":105,"text":87481},{"id":87604,"depth":105,"text":87605},{"id":87787,"depth":105,"text":87788,"children":88960},[88961,88962,88963],{"id":87797,"depth":122,"text":87798},{"id":87876,"depth":122,"text":87877},{"id":87959,"depth":122,"text":87960},{"id":88052,"depth":105,"text":88053},{"id":88257,"depth":105,"text":88258,"children":88966},[88967,88968,88969],{"id":88264,"depth":122,"text":87212},{"id":88348,"depth":122,"text":88348},{"id":88359,"depth":122,"text":88359},{"id":88370,"depth":105,"text":88371,"children":88971},[88972,88973,88974,88975],{"id":88377,"depth":122,"text":88380},{"id":88476,"depth":122,"text":88479},{"id":88510,"depth":122,"text":88513},{"id":88593,"depth":122,"text":88596},{"id":88610,"depth":105,"text":88611},{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":88979},[88980,88981,88982,88984,88985],{"id":88860,"depth":122,"text":88861},{"id":88867,"depth":122,"text":88868},{"id":88877,"depth":122,"text":88983},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88893,"depth":122,"text":88894},{"id":88900,"depth":122,"text":88901},{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86807,"description":88987},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88994,"title":88995,"body":88996,"description":90991,"extension":2511,"meta":90992,"navigation":254,"path":90993,"seo":90994,"stem":90995,"__hash__":90996},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88997,"toc":90938},[88998,89003,89008,89014,89016,89084,89086,89105,89110,89115,89120,89123,89135,89137,89180,89182,89200,89211,89213,89215,89240,89242,89253,89255,89315,89317,89343,89346,89350,89355,89359,89362,89396,89400,89403,89428,89432,89455,89459,89492,89497,89501,89506,89509,89577,89579,89603,89608,89611,89642,89644,89676,89693,89697,89702,89726,89733,89738,89743,89746,89750,89785,89787,89796,89800,89891,89893,89924,89929,89936,89941,89950,89953,89987,89989,90003,90007,90048,90050,90059,90063,90111,90113,90127,90132,90143,90150,90156,90158,90193,90195,90209,90212,90234,90240,90269,90280,90286,90292,90306,90308,90387,90389,90439,90446,90448,90453,90457,90460,90475,90480,90482,90501,90507,90510,90525,90527,90545,90551,90556,90586,90589,90612,90615,90642,90649,90655,90663,90686,90691,90699,90701,90721,90725,90731,90781,90784,90806,90808,90814,90822,90828,90834,90842,90847,90851,90854,90877,90882,90889,90901,90903,90935],[10,88999,13,89001,18],{"id":89000},"python-print-function-explained",[15,89002,46940],{},[20,89004,22,89005,89007],{},[15,89006,46940],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,89009,89010,89011,89013],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,89012,46940],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[59,89015,62],{"id":61},[64,89017,89019],{"className":66,"code":89018,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,89020,89021,89033,89042,89046,89056,89066],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89022,89023,89025,89027,89029,89031],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89024,8387],{"class":216},[73,89026,221],{"class":220},[73,89028,224],{"class":93},[73,89030,8432],{"class":97},[73,89032,230],{"class":93},[73,89034,89035,89037,89039],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,89036,2056],{"class":216},[73,89038,221],{"class":220},[73,89040,89041],{"class":116}," 12\n",[73,89043,89044],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,89045,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,89047,89048,89050,89052,89054],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,89049,80],{"class":79},[73,89051,84],{"class":83},[73,89053,8177],{"class":245},[73,89055,249],{"class":83},[73,89057,89058,89060,89062,89064],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,89059,80],{"class":79},[73,89061,84],{"class":83},[73,89063,9804],{"class":245},[73,89065,249],{"class":83},[73,89067,89068,89070,89072,89074,89076,89078,89080,89082],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,89069,80],{"class":79},[73,89071,84],{"class":83},[73,89073,94],{"class":93},[73,89075,35373],{"class":97},[73,89077,94],{"class":93},[73,89079,140],{"class":83},[73,89081,36498],{"class":245},[73,89083,249],{"class":83},[20,89085,148],{},[64,89087,89089],{"className":66,"code":89088,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,89090,89091,89096,89100],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89092,89093],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89094,89095],{"class":216},"Mia\n",[73,89097,89098],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,89099,749],{"class":116},[73,89101,89102],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,89103,89104],{"class":216},"Hello Mia\n",[20,89106,171,89107,89109],{},[15,89108,46940],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[59,89111,178,89113,181],{"id":89112},"what-print-does",[15,89114,46940],{},[20,89116,89117,89119],{},[15,89118,46940],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,89121,89122],{},"You can use it to display:",[33,89124,89125,89127,89129,89132],{},[36,89126,246],{},[36,89128,4164],{},[36,89130,89131],{},"variables",[36,89133,89134],{},"expressions",[20,89136,206],{},[64,89138,89140],{"className":66,"code":89139,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,89141,89142,89156,89166],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89143,89144,89146,89148,89150,89152,89154],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89145,80],{"class":79},[73,89147,84],{"class":83},[73,89149,94],{"class":93},[73,89151,35373],{"class":97},[73,89153,94],{"class":93},[73,89155,249],{"class":83},[73,89157,89158,89160,89162,89164],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,89159,80],{"class":79},[73,89161,84],{"class":83},[73,89163,688],{"class":116},[73,89165,249],{"class":83},[73,89167,89168,89170,89172,89174,89176,89178],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,89169,80],{"class":79},[73,89171,84],{"class":83},[73,89173,530],{"class":116},[73,89175,2985],{"class":220},[73,89177,2982],{"class":116},[73,89179,249],{"class":83},[20,89181,148],{},[64,89183,89185],{"className":66,"code":89184,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,89186,89187,89192,89196],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89188,89189],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89190,89191],{"class":216},"Hello\n",[73,89193,89194],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,89195,168],{"class":116},[73,89197,89198],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,89199,168],{"class":116},[20,89201,89202,89203,89205,89206,89210],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,89204,46940],{}," ",[1194,89207,4206,89208],{},[15,89209,1842],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[59,89212,370],{"id":369},[20,89214,31231],{},[64,89216,89218],{"className":66,"code":89217,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,89219,89220],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89221,89222,89224,89226,89229,89231,89234,89236,89238],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89223,80],{"class":79},[73,89225,84],{"class":83},[73,89227,89228],{"class":245},"object1",[73,89230,140],{"class":83},[73,89232,89233],{"class":245}," object2",[73,89235,140],{"class":83},[73,89237,34961],{"class":79},[73,89239,249],{"class":83},[20,89241,80445],{},[33,89243,89244,89247,89250],{},[36,89245,89246],{},"one value",[36,89248,89249],{},"many values",[36,89251,89252],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,89254,206],{},[64,89256,89258],{"className":66,"code":89257,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,89259,89260,89274,89293],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89261,89262,89264,89266,89268,89270,89272],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89263,80],{"class":79},[73,89265,84],{"class":83},[73,89267,94],{"class":93},[73,89269,58008],{"class":97},[73,89271,94],{"class":93},[73,89273,249],{"class":83},[73,89275,89276,89278,89280,89282,89285,89287,89289,89291],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,89277,80],{"class":79},[73,89279,84],{"class":83},[73,89281,94],{"class":93},[73,89283,89284],{"class":97},"Score:",[73,89286,94],{"class":93},[73,89288,140],{"class":83},[73,89290,6516],{"class":116},[73,89292,249],{"class":83},[73,89294,89295,89297,89299,89301,89303,89305,89307,89309,89311,89313],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,89296,80],{"class":79},[73,89298,84],{"class":83},[73,89300,94],{"class":93},[73,89302,46054],{"class":97},[73,89304,94],{"class":93},[73,89306,140],{"class":83},[73,89308,2988],{"class":116},[73,89310,2985],{"class":220},[73,89312,38150],{"class":116},[73,89314,249],{"class":83},[20,89316,148],{},[64,89318,89320],{"className":66,"code":89319,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,89321,89322,89326,89335],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89323,89324],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89325,85598],{"class":216},[73,89327,89328,89331,89333],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,89329,89330],{"class":216},"Score",[73,89332,1063],{"class":83},[73,89334,3119],{"class":116},[73,89336,89337,89339,89341],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,89338,46094],{"class":216},[73,89340,1063],{"class":83},[73,89342,3119],{"class":116},[20,89344,89345],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[59,89347,89349],{"id":89348},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,89351,89352,89353,653],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,89354,46940],{},[403,89356,89358],{"id":89357},"print-text","Print text",[20,89360,89361],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[64,89363,89365],{"className":66,"code":89364,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,89366,89367,89381],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89368,89369,89371,89373,89375,89377,89379],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89370,80],{"class":79},[73,89372,84],{"class":83},[73,89374,94],{"class":93},[73,89376,35373],{"class":97},[73,89378,94],{"class":93},[73,89380,249],{"class":83},[73,89382,89383,89385,89387,89389,89392,89394],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,89384,80],{"class":79},[73,89386,84],{"class":83},[73,89388,94],{"class":93},[73,89390,89391],{"class":97},"Python is fun",[73,89393,94],{"class":93},[73,89395,249],{"class":83},[403,89397,89399],{"id":89398},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,89401,89402],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[64,89404,89406],{"className":66,"code":89405,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,89407,89408,89418],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89409,89410,89412,89414,89416],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89411,80],{"class":79},[73,89413,84],{"class":83},[73,89415,688],{"class":116},[73,89417,249],{"class":83},[73,89419,89420,89422,89424,89426],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,89421,80],{"class":79},[73,89423,84],{"class":83},[73,89425,896],{"class":116},[73,89427,249],{"class":83},[403,89429,89431],{"id":89430},"print-variables","Print variables",[64,89433,89435],{"className":66,"code":89434,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89436,89437,89445],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89438,89439,89441,89443],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89440,5609],{"class":216},[73,89442,221],{"class":220},[73,89444,14640],{"class":116},[73,89446,89447,89449,89451,89453],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,89448,80],{"class":79},[73,89450,84],{"class":83},[73,89452,85762],{"class":245},[73,89454,249],{"class":83},[403,89456,89458],{"id":89457},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[64,89460,89462],{"className":66,"code":89461,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89463,89464,89478],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89465,89466,89468,89470,89472,89474,89476],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89467,80],{"class":79},[73,89469,84],{"class":83},[73,89471,530],{"class":116},[73,89473,2985],{"class":220},[73,89475,2982],{"class":116},[73,89477,249],{"class":83},[73,89479,89480,89482,89484,89486,89488,89490],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,89481,80],{"class":79},[73,89483,84],{"class":83},[73,89485,452],{"class":116},[73,89487,83074],{"class":220},[73,89489,2988],{"class":116},[73,89491,249],{"class":83},[20,89493,89494,89495,653],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[646,89496,51214],{"href":51213},[59,89498,89500],{"id":89499},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89502,89503,89505],{},[15,89504,46940],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89507,89508],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[64,89510,89512],{"className":66,"code":89511,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89513,89514,89527,89535,89539,89558],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89515,89516,89518,89520,89522,89525],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89517,8387],{"class":216},[73,89519,221],{"class":220},[73,89521,224],{"class":93},[73,89523,89524],{"class":97},"Ava",[73,89526,230],{"class":93},[73,89528,89529,89531,89533],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,89530,2056],{"class":216},[73,89532,221],{"class":220},[73,89534,3119],{"class":116},[73,89536,89537],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,89538,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,89540,89541,89543,89545,89547,89550,89552,89554,89556],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,89542,80],{"class":79},[73,89544,84],{"class":83},[73,89546,94],{"class":93},[73,89548,89549],{"class":97},"Name:",[73,89551,94],{"class":93},[73,89553,140],{"class":83},[73,89555,36498],{"class":245},[73,89557,249],{"class":83},[73,89559,89560,89562,89564,89566,89569,89571,89573,89575],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,89561,80],{"class":79},[73,89563,84],{"class":83},[73,89565,94],{"class":93},[73,89567,89568],{"class":97},"Age:",[73,89570,94],{"class":93},[73,89572,140],{"class":83},[73,89574,9695],{"class":245},[73,89576,249],{"class":83},[20,89578,148],{},[64,89580,89582],{"className":66,"code":89581,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89583,89584,89594],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89585,89586,89589,89591],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89587,89588],{"class":216},"Name",[73,89590,1063],{"class":83},[73,89592,89593],{"class":216}," Ava\n",[73,89595,89596,89599,89601],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,89597,89598],{"class":216},"Age",[73,89600,1063],{"class":83},[73,89602,3119],{"class":116},[20,89604,89605,89606,653],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89607,2082],{},[20,89609,89610],{},"For example, this works:",[64,89612,89614],{"className":66,"code":89613,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89615,89616,89624],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89617,89618,89620,89622],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89619,2056],{"class":216},[73,89621,221],{"class":220},[73,89623,3119],{"class":116},[73,89625,89626,89628,89630,89632,89634,89636,89638,89640],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,89627,80],{"class":79},[73,89629,84],{"class":83},[73,89631,94],{"class":93},[73,89633,89568],{"class":97},[73,89635,94],{"class":93},[73,89637,140],{"class":83},[73,89639,9695],{"class":245},[73,89641,249],{"class":83},[20,89643,37433],{},[64,89645,89647],{"className":66,"code":89646,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89648,89649,89657],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89650,89651,89653,89655],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89652,2056],{"class":216},[73,89654,221],{"class":220},[73,89656,3119],{"class":116},[73,89658,89659,89661,89663,89665,89668,89670,89672,89674],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,89660,80],{"class":79},[73,89662,84],{"class":83},[73,89664,94],{"class":93},[73,89666,89667],{"class":97},"Age: ",[73,89669,94],{"class":93},[73,89671,2985],{"class":220},[73,89673,9695],{"class":245},[73,89675,249],{"class":83},[20,89677,89678,89679,89682,89683,89685,89686,89688,89689,653],{},"That fails because ",[15,89680,89681],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89684,9804],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89687,2082],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[646,89690,89691],{"href":1323},[15,89692,1326],{},[59,89694,89696],{"id":89695},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89698,89699,89701],{},[15,89700,46940],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[33,89703,89704,89710,89715,89720],{},[36,89705,89706,89709],{},[15,89707,89708],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[36,89711,89712,89714],{},[15,89713,52899],{}," controls what is added after the output",[36,89716,89717,89719],{},[15,89718,86984],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[36,89721,89722,89725],{},[15,89723,89724],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89727,89728,89729,1647,89731,653],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89730,89708],{},[15,89732,52899],{},[59,89734,89736,2029],{"id":89735},"sep-argument",[15,89737,89708],{},[20,89739,1580,89740,89742],{},[15,89741,89708],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89744,89745],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[403,89747,89749],{"id":89748},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[64,89751,89753],{"className":66,"code":89752,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89754,89755],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89756,89757,89759,89761,89763,89765,89767,89769,89771,89773,89775,89777,89779,89781,89783],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89758,80],{"class":79},[73,89760,84],{"class":83},[73,89762,94],{"class":93},[73,89764,13603],{"class":97},[73,89766,94],{"class":93},[73,89768,140],{"class":83},[73,89770,224],{"class":93},[73,89772,17967],{"class":97},[73,89774,94],{"class":93},[73,89776,140],{"class":83},[73,89778,224],{"class":93},[73,89780,13620],{"class":97},[73,89782,94],{"class":93},[73,89784,249],{"class":83},[20,89786,148],{},[64,89788,89790],{"className":66,"code":89789,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"red green blue\n",[15,89791,89792],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89793,89794],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89795,89789],{"class":216},[403,89797,89799],{"id":89798},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[64,89801,89803],{"className":66,"code":89802,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89804,89805,89848],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89806,89807,89809,89811,89813,89815,89817,89819,89821,89823,89825,89827,89829,89831,89833,89835,89838,89840,89842,89844,89846],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89808,80],{"class":79},[73,89810,84],{"class":83},[73,89812,94],{"class":93},[73,89814,13603],{"class":97},[73,89816,94],{"class":93},[73,89818,140],{"class":83},[73,89820,224],{"class":93},[73,89822,17967],{"class":97},[73,89824,94],{"class":93},[73,89826,140],{"class":83},[73,89828,224],{"class":93},[73,89830,13620],{"class":97},[73,89832,94],{"class":93},[73,89834,140],{"class":83},[73,89836,89837],{"class":9682}," sep",[73,89839,221],{"class":220},[73,89841,94],{"class":93},[73,89843,140],{"class":97},[73,89845,94],{"class":93},[73,89847,249],{"class":83},[73,89849,89850,89852,89854,89856,89858,89860,89862,89864,89866,89868,89870,89872,89874,89876,89878,89880,89882,89884,89887,89889],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,89851,80],{"class":79},[73,89853,84],{"class":83},[73,89855,94],{"class":93},[73,89857,13603],{"class":97},[73,89859,94],{"class":93},[73,89861,140],{"class":83},[73,89863,224],{"class":93},[73,89865,17967],{"class":97},[73,89867,94],{"class":93},[73,89869,140],{"class":83},[73,89871,224],{"class":93},[73,89873,13620],{"class":97},[73,89875,94],{"class":93},[73,89877,140],{"class":83},[73,89879,89837],{"class":9682},[73,89881,221],{"class":220},[73,89883,94],{"class":93},[73,89885,89886],{"class":97}," - ",[73,89888,94],{"class":93},[73,89890,249],{"class":83},[20,89892,148],{},[64,89894,89896],{"className":66,"code":89895,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89897,89898,89910],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89899,89900,89902,89904,89906,89908],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89901,13603],{"class":216},[73,89903,140],{"class":83},[73,89905,17967],{"class":216},[73,89907,140],{"class":83},[73,89909,70223],{"class":216},[73,89911,89912,89915,89917,89920,89922],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,89913,89914],{"class":216},"red ",[73,89916,746],{"class":220},[73,89918,89919],{"class":216}," green ",[73,89921,746],{"class":220},[73,89923,36387],{"class":216},[20,89925,89926,89928],{},[15,89927,89708],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89930,89931,89932,653],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[646,89933,89935],{"href":89934},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[59,89937,89939,2029],{"id":89938},"end-argument",[15,89940,52899],{},[20,89942,89943,89944,89946,89947,89949],{},"By default, ",[15,89945,46940],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89948,46940],{}," starts on a new line.",[403,89951,89749],{"id":89952},"default-behavior-1",[64,89954,89956],{"className":66,"code":89955,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89957,89958,89972],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89959,89960,89962,89964,89966,89968,89970],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89961,80],{"class":79},[73,89963,84],{"class":83},[73,89965,94],{"class":93},[73,89967,35373],{"class":97},[73,89969,94],{"class":93},[73,89971,249],{"class":83},[73,89973,89974,89976,89978,89980,89983,89985],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,89975,80],{"class":79},[73,89977,84],{"class":83},[73,89979,94],{"class":93},[73,89981,89982],{"class":97},"World",[73,89984,94],{"class":93},[73,89986,249],{"class":83},[20,89988,148],{},[64,89990,89992],{"className":66,"code":89991,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89993,89994,89998],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,89995,89996],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,89997,89191],{"class":216},[73,89999,90000],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,90001,90002],{"class":216},"World\n",[403,90004,90006],{"id":90005},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[64,90008,90010],{"className":66,"code":90009,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,90011,90012,90034],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90013,90014,90016,90018,90020,90022,90024,90026,90028,90030,90032],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90015,80],{"class":79},[73,90017,84],{"class":83},[73,90019,94],{"class":93},[73,90021,35373],{"class":97},[73,90023,94],{"class":93},[73,90025,140],{"class":83},[73,90027,65282],{"class":9682},[73,90029,221],{"class":220},[73,90031,6783],{"class":93},[73,90033,249],{"class":83},[73,90035,90036,90038,90040,90042,90044,90046],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,90037,80],{"class":79},[73,90039,84],{"class":83},[73,90041,94],{"class":93},[73,90043,89982],{"class":97},[73,90045,94],{"class":93},[73,90047,249],{"class":83},[20,90049,148],{},[64,90051,90053],{"className":66,"code":90052,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"HelloWorld\n",[15,90054,90055],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90056,90057],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90058,90052],{"class":216},[403,90060,90062],{"id":90061},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[64,90064,90066],{"className":66,"code":90065,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,90067,90068,90097],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90069,90070,90072,90074,90076,90078,90080,90082,90084,90086,90088,90091,90093,90095],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90071,80],{"class":79},[73,90073,84],{"class":83},[73,90075,94],{"class":93},[73,90077,35373],{"class":97},[73,90079,94],{"class":93},[73,90081,140],{"class":83},[73,90083,65282],{"class":9682},[73,90085,221],{"class":220},[73,90087,94],{"class":93},[73,90089,90090],{"class":97},"!",[73,90092,87395],{"class":34960},[73,90094,94],{"class":93},[73,90096,249],{"class":83},[73,90098,90099,90101,90103,90105,90107,90109],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,90100,80],{"class":79},[73,90102,84],{"class":83},[73,90104,94],{"class":93},[73,90106,89982],{"class":97},[73,90108,94],{"class":93},[73,90110,249],{"class":83},[20,90112,148],{},[64,90114,90116],{"className":66,"code":90115,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,90117,90118,90123],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90119,90120],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90121,90122],{"class":216},"Hello!\n",[73,90124,90125],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,90126,90002],{"class":216},[20,90128,1580,90129,90131],{},[15,90130,52899],{}," argument is useful for:",[33,90133,90134,90137,90140],{},[36,90135,90136],{},"progress messages",[36,90138,90139],{},"inline output",[36,90141,90142],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[59,90144,90146,2928,90148],{"id":90145},"print-returns-none",[15,90147,46940],{},[15,90149,1842],{},[20,90151,90152,90153,90155],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,90154,46940],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,90157,206],{},[64,90159,90161],{"className":66,"code":90160,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,90162,90163,90183],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90164,90165,90167,90169,90172,90174,90176,90179,90181],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90166,2766],{"class":216},[73,90168,221],{"class":220},[73,90170,90171],{"class":79}," print",[73,90173,84],{"class":83},[73,90175,94],{"class":93},[73,90177,90178],{"class":97},"Hi",[73,90180,94],{"class":93},[73,90182,249],{"class":83},[73,90184,90185,90187,90189,90191],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,90186,80],{"class":79},[73,90188,84],{"class":83},[73,90190,2800],{"class":245},[73,90192,249],{"class":83},[20,90194,148],{},[64,90196,90198],{"className":66,"code":90197,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,90199,90200,90205],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90201,90202],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90203,90204],{"class":216},"Hi\n",[73,90206,90207],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,90208,12319],{"class":484},[20,90210,90211],{},"Why does this happen?",[33,90213,90214,90222,90227],{},[36,90215,90216,90219,90220],{},[15,90217,90218],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,90221,90178],{},[36,90223,90224,90225],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,90226,1842],{},[36,90228,90229,90230,12431,90232],{},"so ",[15,90231,2800],{},[15,90233,1842],{},[20,90235,90236,90237,90239],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,90238,46940],{}," call.",[64,90241,90243],{"className":66,"code":90242,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,90244,90245,90258],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90246,90247,90250,90252,90254,90256],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90248,90249],{"class":216},"message ",[73,90251,221],{"class":220},[73,90253,224],{"class":93},[73,90255,90178],{"class":97},[73,90257,230],{"class":93},[73,90259,90260,90262,90264,90267],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,90261,80],{"class":79},[73,90263,84],{"class":83},[73,90265,90266],{"class":245},"message",[73,90268,249],{"class":83},[20,90270,90271,90272,90274,90275,90279],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,90273,46940],{}," with functions like ",[646,90276,90277],{"href":1171},[15,90278,1174],{},", which do return a value.",[59,90281,90283,90284],{"id":90282},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,90285,46940],{},[20,90287,90288,90289,90291],{},"Beginners use ",[15,90290,46940],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[33,90293,90294,90297,90300,90303],{},[36,90295,90296],{},"to display results to the user",[36,90298,90299],{},"to show messages in a script",[36,90301,90302],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[36,90304,90305],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,90307,206],{},[64,90309,90311],{"className":66,"code":90310,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,90312,90313,90321,90325,90345,90356],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90314,90315,90317,90319],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90316,1407],{"class":216},[73,90318,221],{"class":220},[73,90320,39020],{"class":116},[73,90322,90323],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,90324,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,90326,90327,90329,90331,90333,90335,90337,90339,90341,90343],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,90328,934],{"class":933},[73,90330,6897],{"class":216},[73,90332,940],{"class":933},[73,90334,54309],{"class":79},[73,90336,84],{"class":83},[73,90338,2397],{"class":116},[73,90340,140],{"class":83},[73,90342,2988],{"class":116},[73,90344,8851],{"class":83},[73,90346,90347,90350,90353],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,90348,90349],{"class":216},"    total ",[73,90351,90352],{"class":220},"+=",[73,90354,90355],{"class":216}," number\n",[73,90357,90358,90360,90362,90364,90367,90369,90371,90373,90375,90377,90379,90381,90383,90385],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,90359,1676],{"class":79},[73,90361,84],{"class":83},[73,90363,94],{"class":93},[73,90365,90366],{"class":97},"Current number:",[73,90368,94],{"class":93},[73,90370,140],{"class":83},[73,90372,2735],{"class":245},[73,90374,140],{"class":83},[73,90376,224],{"class":93},[73,90378,46054],{"class":97},[73,90380,94],{"class":93},[73,90382,140],{"class":83},[73,90384,46061],{"class":245},[73,90386,249],{"class":83},[20,90388,148],{},[64,90390,90392],{"className":66,"code":90391,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,90393,90394,90410,90424],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90395,90396,90399,90401,90403,90406,90408],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90397,90398],{"class":216},"Current number",[73,90400,1063],{"class":83},[73,90402,2085],{"class":116},[73,90404,90405],{"class":216}," Total",[73,90407,1063],{"class":83},[73,90409,30124],{"class":116},[73,90411,90412,90414,90416,90418,90420,90422],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,90413,90398],{"class":216},[73,90415,1063],{"class":83},[73,90417,143],{"class":116},[73,90419,90405],{"class":216},[73,90421,1063],{"class":83},[73,90423,3109],{"class":116},[73,90425,90426,90428,90430,90432,90434,90436],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,90427,90398],{"class":216},[73,90429,1063],{"class":83},[73,90431,2982],{"class":116},[73,90433,90405],{"class":216},[73,90435,1063],{"class":83},[73,90437,90438],{"class":116}," 6\n",[20,90440,90441,90442,653],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[646,90443,90445],{"href":90444},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[59,90447,2102],{"id":2101},[20,90449,90450,90451,653],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90452,46940],{},[403,90454,90456],{"id":90455},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90458,90459],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[64,90461,90463],{"className":66,"code":90462,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90464,90465],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90466,90467,90469,90471,90473],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90468,80],{"class":79},[73,90470,84],{"class":83},[73,90472,35373],{"class":245},[73,90474,249],{"class":83},[20,90476,9384,90477,90479],{},[15,90478,35373],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90481,11315],{},[64,90483,90485],{"className":66,"code":90484,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90486,90487],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90488,90489,90491,90493,90495,90497,90499],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90490,80],{"class":79},[73,90492,84],{"class":83},[73,90494,94],{"class":93},[73,90496,35373],{"class":97},[73,90498,94],{"class":93},[73,90500,249],{"class":83},[403,90502,657,90504,90506],{"id":90503},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90505,80],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90508,90509],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[64,90511,90513],{"className":66,"code":90512,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90514,90515],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90516,90517,90519,90521,90523],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90518,80],{"class":79},[73,90520,224],{"class":93},[73,90522,35373],{"class":97},[73,90524,230],{"class":93},[20,90526,11315],{},[64,90528,90529],{"className":66,"code":90484,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,90530,90531],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90532,90533,90535,90537,90539,90541,90543],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90534,80],{"class":79},[73,90536,84],{"class":83},[73,90538,94],{"class":93},[73,90540,35373],{"class":97},[73,90542,94],{"class":93},[73,90544,249],{"class":83},[403,90546,90548,90549],{"id":90547},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90550,2082],{},[20,90552,90553,90554,653],{},"This causes a ",[15,90555,1630],{},[64,90557,90558],{"className":66,"code":89646,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,90559,90560,90568],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90561,90562,90564,90566],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90563,2056],{"class":216},[73,90565,221],{"class":220},[73,90567,3119],{"class":116},[73,90569,90570,90572,90574,90576,90578,90580,90582,90584],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,90571,80],{"class":79},[73,90573,84],{"class":83},[73,90575,94],{"class":93},[73,90577,89667],{"class":97},[73,90579,94],{"class":93},[73,90581,2985],{"class":220},[73,90583,9695],{"class":245},[73,90585,249],{"class":83},[20,90587,90588],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[64,90590,90592],{"className":66,"code":90591,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90593,90594],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90595,90596,90598,90600,90602,90604,90606,90608,90610],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90597,80],{"class":79},[73,90599,84],{"class":83},[73,90601,94],{"class":93},[73,90603,89568],{"class":97},[73,90605,94],{"class":93},[73,90607,140],{"class":83},[73,90609,9695],{"class":245},[73,90611,249],{"class":83},[20,90613,90614],{},"Or convert the number first:",[64,90616,90618],{"className":66,"code":90617,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90619,90620],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90621,90622,90624,90626,90628,90630,90632,90634,90636,90638,90640],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90623,80],{"class":79},[73,90625,84],{"class":83},[73,90627,94],{"class":93},[73,90629,89667],{"class":97},[73,90631,94],{"class":93},[73,90633,2985],{"class":220},[73,90635,49141],{"class":87},[73,90637,84],{"class":83},[73,90639,9804],{"class":245},[73,90641,102],{"class":83},[20,90643,90644,90645,653],{},"If you see this error, read ",[646,90646,90648],{"href":90647},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[403,90650,2300,90652,90654],{"id":90651},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90653,46940],{}," to return a value",[20,90656,90657,90658,35836,90661,1063],{},"This does not store ",[15,90659,90660],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90662,2800],{},[64,90664,90666],{"className":66,"code":90665,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90667,90668],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90669,90670,90672,90674,90676,90678,90680,90682,90684],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90671,2766],{"class":216},[73,90673,221],{"class":220},[73,90675,90171],{"class":79},[73,90677,84],{"class":83},[73,90679,94],{"class":93},[73,90681,35373],{"class":97},[73,90683,94],{"class":93},[73,90685,249],{"class":83},[20,90687,90688,90689,653],{},"It stores ",[15,90690,1842],{},[403,90692,90694,90695,1647,90697],{"id":90693},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90696,89708],{},[15,90698,52899],{},[20,90700,86054],{},[33,90702,90703,90712],{},[36,90704,90705,90707,90708,90711],{},[15,90706,89708],{}," changes what goes ",[1194,90709,90710],{},"between"," multiple values",[36,90713,90714,90716,90717,90720],{},[15,90715,52899],{}," changes what appears ",[1194,90718,90719],{},"after"," the output",[59,90722,90724],{"id":90723},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90726,90727,90728,90730],{},"These simple ",[15,90729,46940],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[64,90732,90734],{"className":66,"code":90733,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90735,90736,90756,90771],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90737,90738,90740,90742,90744,90747,90749,90751,90754],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90739,80],{"class":79},[73,90741,84],{"class":83},[73,90743,94],{"class":93},[73,90745,90746],{"class":97},"Debug:",[73,90748,94],{"class":93},[73,90750,140],{"class":83},[73,90752,90753],{"class":245}," variable_name",[73,90755,249],{"class":83},[73,90757,90758,90760,90762,90764,90766,90769],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,90759,80],{"class":79},[73,90761,84],{"class":83},[73,90763,288],{"class":87},[73,90765,84],{"class":83},[73,90767,90768],{"class":245},"variable_name",[73,90770,102],{"class":83},[73,90772,90773,90775,90777,90779],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,90774,32659],{"class":79},[73,90776,84],{"class":83},[73,90778,80],{"class":79},[73,90780,249],{"class":83},[20,90782,90783],{},"What they do:",[33,90785,90786,90792,90798],{},[36,90787,90788,90791],{},[15,90789,90790],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[36,90793,90794,90797],{},[15,90795,90796],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[36,90799,90800,90803,90804],{},[15,90801,90802],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90805,46940],{},[59,90807,2350],{"id":2349},[403,90809,2354,90811,90813],{"id":90810},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90812,46940],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90815,90816,90817,90819,90820,37128],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90818,46940],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90821,52899],{},[403,90823,5681,90825,90827],{"id":90824},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90826,46940],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90829,90830,90831,90833],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90832,46940],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[403,90835,2367,90837,5672,90840,3023],{"id":90836},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90838,90839],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90841,1842],{},[20,90843,2374,90844,90846],{},[15,90845,46940],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[403,90848,90850],{"id":90849},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90852,90853],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[64,90855,90857],{"className":66,"code":90856,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90858,90859],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,90860,90861,90863,90865,90867,90869,90871,90873,90875],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,90862,80],{"class":79},[73,90864,84],{"class":83},[73,90866,94],{"class":93},[73,90868,89568],{"class":97},[73,90870,94],{"class":93},[73,90872,140],{"class":83},[73,90874,6516],{"class":116},[73,90876,249],{"class":83},[20,90878,90879,90880,2383],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90881,1326],{},[403,90883,5691,90885,1647,90887,3023],{"id":90884},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90886,89708],{},[15,90888,52899],{},[33,90890,90891,90896],{},[36,90892,90893,90895],{},[15,90894,89708],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[36,90897,90898,90900],{},[15,90899,52899],{}," changes what appears after the output",[59,90902,2413],{"id":2412},[33,90904,90905,90909,90915,90921,90926,90931],{},[36,90906,90907],{},[646,90908,51214],{"href":51213},[36,90910,90911],{},[646,90912,13,90913,2422],{"href":1171},[15,90914,1174],{},[36,90916,90917],{},[646,90918,13,90919,2422],{"href":1323},[15,90920,1326],{},[36,90922,90923],{},[646,90924,90925],{"href":89934},"How to format strings in Python",[36,90927,90928],{},[646,90929,90930],{"href":90444},"How to debug Python code",[36,90932,90933],{},[646,90934,90648],{"href":90647},[2459,90936,90937],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":90939},[90940,90941,90943,90944,90950,90951,90952,90957,90963,90965,90967,90978,90979,90990],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":89112,"depth":105,"text":90942},"What print() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":89348,"depth":105,"text":89349,"children":90945},[90946,90947,90948,90949],{"id":89357,"depth":122,"text":89358},{"id":89398,"depth":122,"text":89399},{"id":89430,"depth":122,"text":89431},{"id":89457,"depth":122,"text":89458},{"id":89499,"depth":105,"text":89500},{"id":89695,"depth":105,"text":89696},{"id":89735,"depth":105,"text":90953,"children":90954},"sep argument",[90955,90956],{"id":89748,"depth":122,"text":89749},{"id":89798,"depth":122,"text":89799},{"id":89938,"depth":105,"text":90958,"children":90959},"end argument",[90960,90961,90962],{"id":89952,"depth":122,"text":89749},{"id":90005,"depth":122,"text":90006},{"id":90061,"depth":122,"text":90062},{"id":90145,"depth":105,"text":90964},"print() returns None",{"id":90282,"depth":105,"text":90966},"When beginners use print()",{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102,"children":90968},[90969,90970,90972,90974,90976],{"id":90455,"depth":122,"text":90456},{"id":90503,"depth":122,"text":90971},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90547,"depth":122,"text":90973},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90651,"depth":122,"text":90975},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90693,"depth":122,"text":90977},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90723,"depth":105,"text":90724},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":90980},[90981,90983,90985,90987,90988],{"id":90810,"depth":122,"text":90982},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90824,"depth":122,"text":90984},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90836,"depth":122,"text":90986},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90849,"depth":122,"text":90850},{"id":90884,"depth":122,"text":90989},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88995,"description":90991},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90998,"title":90999,"body":91000,"description":93304,"extension":2511,"meta":93305,"navigation":254,"path":93306,"seo":93307,"stem":93308,"__hash__":93309},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":91001,"toc":93250},[91002,91007,91012,91025,91027,91092,91103,91108,91113,91115,91138,91141,91172,91174,91191,91196,91202,91207,91256,91259,91276,91282,91287,91310,91312,91340,91346,91354,91381,91383,91408,91414,91417,91448,91450,91479,91483,91486,91491,91513,91515,91543,91549,91555,91581,91583,91607,91613,91619,91649,91651,91679,91689,91693,91699,91732,91734,91763,91766,91769,91802,91804,91812,91818,91820,91843,91848,91857,91862,91876,91878,91918,91920,91950,91954,91989,91995,91999,92043,92045,92075,92081,92084,92163,92165,92187,92195,92198,92261,92269,92344,92350,92357,92362,92367,92390,92392,92413,92415,92428,92430,92477,92479,92518,92527,92529,92533,92537,92540,92567,92570,92599,92602,92626,92629,92637,92643,92665,92667,92695,92699,92704,92759,92764,92766,92823,92830,92839,92842,92874,92876,92884,92887,92893,92895,92918,92921,92927,92930,92949,92951,92970,92973,92995,92997,93025,93029,93033,93138,93140,93153,93155,93161,93164,93172,93177,93183,93189,93194,93202,93208,93215,93217,93247],[10,91003,13,91005,18],{"id":91004},"python-range-function-explained",[15,91006,36705],{},[20,91008,22,91009,91011],{},[15,91010,36705],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,91013,91014,91015,91017,91018,91020,91021,91024],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,91016,934],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,91019,36705],{}," stops ",[1194,91022,91023],{},"before"," the end value.",[59,91026,62],{"id":61},[64,91028,91030],{"className":66,"code":91029,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,91031,91032,91048,91058,91062,91067,91072,91077,91082,91087],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91033,91034,91036,91038,91040,91042,91044,91046],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91035,934],{"class":933},[73,91037,69790],{"class":216},[73,91039,940],{"class":933},[73,91041,54309],{"class":79},[73,91043,84],{"class":83},[73,91045,688],{"class":116},[73,91047,8851],{"class":83},[73,91049,91050,91052,91054,91056],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,91051,1676],{"class":79},[73,91053,84],{"class":83},[73,91055,36661],{"class":245},[73,91057,249],{"class":83},[73,91059,91060],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,91061,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,91063,91064],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,91065,91066],{"class":769},"# Output:\n",[73,91068,91069],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,91070,91071],{"class":769},"# 0\n",[73,91073,91074],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,91075,91076],{"class":769},"# 1\n",[73,91078,91079],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,91080,91081],{"class":769},"# 2\n",[73,91083,91084],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,91085,91086],{"class":769},"# 3\n",[73,91088,91089],{"class":75,"line":6940},[73,91090,91091],{"class":769},"# 4\n",[20,91093,91094,91097,91098,91100,91101,653],{},[15,91095,91096],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,91099,806],{}," and stopping before ",[15,91102,688],{},[59,91104,178,91106,181],{"id":91105},"what-range-does",[15,91107,36705],{},[20,91109,91110,91112],{},[15,91111,36705],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,91114,189],{},[33,91116,91117,91122,91128,91133],{},[36,91118,91119,91121],{},[15,91120,36705],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[36,91123,91124,91125,91127],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,91126,934],{}," loops",[36,91129,91130,91131],{},"The stop value is ",[1194,91132,65311],{},[36,91134,17933,91135,91137],{},[15,91136,60239],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,91139,91140],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[64,91142,91144],{"className":66,"code":91143,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,91145,91146,91162],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91147,91148,91150,91152,91154,91156,91158,91160],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91149,934],{"class":933},[73,91151,6897],{"class":216},[73,91153,940],{"class":933},[73,91155,54309],{"class":79},[73,91157,84],{"class":83},[73,91159,1304],{"class":116},[73,91161,8851],{"class":83},[73,91163,91164,91166,91168,91170],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,91165,1676],{"class":79},[73,91167,84],{"class":83},[73,91169,276],{"class":245},[73,91171,249],{"class":83},[20,91173,148],{},[64,91175,91177],{"className":66,"code":91176,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,91178,91179,91183,91187],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91180,91181],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91182,860],{"class":116},[73,91184,91185],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,91186,508],{"class":116},[73,91188,91189],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,91190,17567],{"class":116},[20,91192,91193,91194,653],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[646,91195,36535],{"href":36534},[59,91197,91199,91201],{"id":91198},"range-syntax",[15,91200,36705],{}," syntax",[20,91203,91204,91206],{},[15,91205,36705],{}," has three common forms:",[64,91208,91210],{"className":66,"code":91209,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,91211,91212,91222,91237],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91213,91214,91216,91218,91220],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91215,60239],{"class":79},[73,91217,84],{"class":83},[73,91219,75668],{"class":245},[73,91221,249],{"class":83},[73,91223,91224,91226,91228,91230,91232,91235],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,91225,60239],{"class":79},[73,91227,84],{"class":83},[73,91229,36579],{"class":245},[73,91231,140],{"class":83},[73,91233,91234],{"class":245}," stop",[73,91236,249],{"class":83},[73,91238,91239,91241,91243,91245,91247,91249,91251,91254],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,91240,60239],{"class":79},[73,91242,84],{"class":83},[73,91244,36579],{"class":245},[73,91246,140],{"class":83},[73,91248,91234],{"class":245},[73,91250,140],{"class":83},[73,91252,91253],{"class":245}," step",[73,91255,249],{"class":83},[20,91257,91258],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[33,91260,91261,91266,91271],{},[36,91262,91263,91265],{},[15,91264,36579],{}," = first number",[36,91267,91268,91270],{},[15,91269,75668],{}," = end limit, not included",[36,91272,91273,91275],{},[15,91274,75671],{}," = amount to move each time",[403,91277,91279],{"id":91278},"rangestop",[15,91280,91281],{},"range(stop)",[20,91283,91284,91285,653],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,91286,806],{},[64,91288,91290],{"className":66,"code":91289,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,91291,91292],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91293,91294,91296,91298,91300,91302,91304,91306,91308],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91295,80],{"class":79},[73,91297,84],{"class":83},[73,91299,8604],{"class":87},[73,91301,84],{"class":83},[73,91303,60239],{"class":79},[73,91305,84],{"class":83},[73,91307,688],{"class":116},[73,91309,1784],{"class":83},[20,91311,148],{},[64,91313,91314],{"className":66,"code":60262,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,91315,91316],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91317,91318,91320,91322,91324,91326,91328,91330,91332,91334,91336,91338],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91319,4410],{"class":83},[73,91321,806],{"class":116},[73,91323,140],{"class":83},[73,91325,2085],{"class":116},[73,91327,140],{"class":83},[73,91329,143],{"class":116},[73,91331,140],{"class":83},[73,91333,2982],{"class":116},[73,91335,140],{"class":83},[73,91337,2988],{"class":116},[73,91339,924],{"class":83},[403,91341,91343],{"id":91342},"rangestart-stop",[15,91344,91345],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,91347,91348,91349,91351,91352,653],{},"This starts at ",[15,91350,36579],{}," and stops before ",[15,91353,75668],{},[64,91355,91357],{"className":66,"code":91356,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,91358,91359],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91360,91361,91363,91365,91367,91369,91371,91373,91375,91377,91379],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91362,80],{"class":79},[73,91364,84],{"class":83},[73,91366,8604],{"class":87},[73,91368,84],{"class":83},[73,91370,60239],{"class":79},[73,91372,84],{"class":83},[73,91374,530],{"class":116},[73,91376,140],{"class":83},[73,91378,38150],{"class":116},[73,91380,1784],{"class":83},[20,91382,148],{},[64,91384,91386],{"className":66,"code":91385,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91387,91388],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91389,91390,91392,91394,91396,91398,91400,91402,91404,91406],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91391,4410],{"class":83},[73,91393,530],{"class":116},[73,91395,140],{"class":83},[73,91397,2982],{"class":116},[73,91399,140],{"class":83},[73,91401,2988],{"class":116},[73,91403,140],{"class":83},[73,91405,5118],{"class":116},[73,91407,924],{"class":83},[403,91409,91411],{"id":91410},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,91412,91413],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,91415,91416],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[64,91418,91420],{"className":66,"code":91419,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91421,91422],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91423,91424,91426,91428,91430,91432,91434,91436,91438,91440,91442,91444,91446],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91425,80],{"class":79},[73,91427,84],{"class":83},[73,91429,8604],{"class":87},[73,91431,84],{"class":83},[73,91433,60239],{"class":79},[73,91435,84],{"class":83},[73,91437,2397],{"class":116},[73,91439,140],{"class":83},[73,91441,6516],{"class":116},[73,91443,140],{"class":83},[73,91445,143],{"class":116},[73,91447,1784],{"class":83},[20,91449,148],{},[64,91451,91453],{"className":66,"code":91452,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91454,91455],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91456,91457,91459,91461,91463,91465,91467,91469,91471,91473,91475,91477],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91458,4410],{"class":83},[73,91460,2397],{"class":116},[73,91462,140],{"class":83},[73,91464,2982],{"class":116},[73,91466,140],{"class":83},[73,91468,5118],{"class":116},[73,91470,140],{"class":83},[73,91472,6505],{"class":116},[73,91474,140],{"class":83},[73,91476,54375],{"class":116},[73,91478,924],{"class":83},[59,91480,91482],{"id":91481},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91484,91485],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[403,91487,91489],{"id":91488},"range5",[15,91490,91096],{},[64,91492,91493],{"className":66,"code":91289,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,91494,91495],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91496,91497,91499,91501,91503,91505,91507,91509,91511],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91498,80],{"class":79},[73,91500,84],{"class":83},[73,91502,8604],{"class":87},[73,91504,84],{"class":83},[73,91506,60239],{"class":79},[73,91508,84],{"class":83},[73,91510,688],{"class":116},[73,91512,1784],{"class":83},[20,91514,148],{},[64,91516,91517],{"className":66,"code":60262,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,91518,91519],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91520,91521,91523,91525,91527,91529,91531,91533,91535,91537,91539,91541],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91522,4410],{"class":83},[73,91524,806],{"class":116},[73,91526,140],{"class":83},[73,91528,2085],{"class":116},[73,91530,140],{"class":83},[73,91532,143],{"class":116},[73,91534,140],{"class":83},[73,91536,2982],{"class":116},[73,91538,140],{"class":83},[73,91540,2988],{"class":116},[73,91542,924],{"class":83},[20,91544,91348,91545,91351,91547,653],{},[15,91546,806],{},[15,91548,688],{},[403,91550,91552],{"id":91551},"range2-6",[15,91553,91554],{},"range(2, 6)",[64,91556,91557],{"className":66,"code":91356,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,91558,91559],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91560,91561,91563,91565,91567,91569,91571,91573,91575,91577,91579],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91562,80],{"class":79},[73,91564,84],{"class":83},[73,91566,8604],{"class":87},[73,91568,84],{"class":83},[73,91570,60239],{"class":79},[73,91572,84],{"class":83},[73,91574,530],{"class":116},[73,91576,140],{"class":83},[73,91578,38150],{"class":116},[73,91580,1784],{"class":83},[20,91582,148],{},[64,91584,91585],{"className":66,"code":91385,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,91586,91587],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91588,91589,91591,91593,91595,91597,91599,91601,91603,91605],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91590,4410],{"class":83},[73,91592,530],{"class":116},[73,91594,140],{"class":83},[73,91596,2982],{"class":116},[73,91598,140],{"class":83},[73,91600,2988],{"class":116},[73,91602,140],{"class":83},[73,91604,5118],{"class":116},[73,91606,924],{"class":83},[20,91608,91348,91609,91351,91611,653],{},[15,91610,530],{},[15,91612,80836],{},[403,91614,91616],{"id":91615},"range1-10-2",[15,91617,91618],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[64,91620,91621],{"className":66,"code":91419,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,91622,91623],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91624,91625,91627,91629,91631,91633,91635,91637,91639,91641,91643,91645,91647],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91626,80],{"class":79},[73,91628,84],{"class":83},[73,91630,8604],{"class":87},[73,91632,84],{"class":83},[73,91634,60239],{"class":79},[73,91636,84],{"class":83},[73,91638,2397],{"class":116},[73,91640,140],{"class":83},[73,91642,6516],{"class":116},[73,91644,140],{"class":83},[73,91646,143],{"class":116},[73,91648,1784],{"class":83},[20,91650,148],{},[64,91652,91653],{"className":66,"code":91452,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,91654,91655],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91656,91657,91659,91661,91663,91665,91667,91669,91671,91673,91675,91677],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91658,4410],{"class":83},[73,91660,2397],{"class":116},[73,91662,140],{"class":83},[73,91664,2982],{"class":116},[73,91666,140],{"class":83},[73,91668,5118],{"class":116},[73,91670,140],{"class":83},[73,91672,6505],{"class":116},[73,91674,140],{"class":83},[73,91676,54375],{"class":116},[73,91678,924],{"class":83},[20,91680,91681,91682,91684,91685,61542,91687,653],{},"This moves by ",[15,91683,530],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91686,2397],{},[15,91688,2685],{},[403,91690,91692],{"id":91691},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91694,91695,91696,91698],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91697,36705],{}," count backward.",[64,91700,91702],{"className":66,"code":91701,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91703,91704],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91705,91706,91708,91710,91712,91714,91716,91718,91720,91722,91724,91726,91728,91730],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91707,80],{"class":79},[73,91709,84],{"class":83},[73,91711,8604],{"class":87},[73,91713,84],{"class":83},[73,91715,60239],{"class":79},[73,91717,84],{"class":83},[73,91719,688],{"class":116},[73,91721,140],{"class":83},[73,91723,4345],{"class":116},[73,91725,140],{"class":83},[73,91727,2759],{"class":220},[73,91729,2397],{"class":116},[73,91731,1784],{"class":83},[20,91733,148],{},[64,91735,91737],{"className":66,"code":91736,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91738,91739],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91740,91741,91743,91745,91747,91749,91751,91753,91755,91757,91759,91761],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91742,4410],{"class":83},[73,91744,688],{"class":116},[73,91746,140],{"class":83},[73,91748,2988],{"class":116},[73,91750,140],{"class":83},[73,91752,2982],{"class":116},[73,91754,140],{"class":83},[73,91756,143],{"class":116},[73,91758,140],{"class":83},[73,91760,2085],{"class":116},[73,91762,924],{"class":83},[20,91764,91765],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91767,91768],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[64,91770,91772],{"className":66,"code":91771,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91773,91774],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91775,91776,91778,91780,91782,91784,91786,91788,91790,91792,91794,91796,91798,91800],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91777,80],{"class":79},[73,91779,84],{"class":83},[73,91781,8604],{"class":87},[73,91783,84],{"class":83},[73,91785,60239],{"class":79},[73,91787,84],{"class":83},[73,91789,2397],{"class":116},[73,91791,140],{"class":83},[73,91793,5118],{"class":116},[73,91795,140],{"class":83},[73,91797,2759],{"class":220},[73,91799,2397],{"class":116},[73,91801,1784],{"class":83},[20,91803,148],{},[64,91805,91806],{"className":66,"code":38804,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,91807,91808],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91809,91810],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91811,38804],{"class":83},[403,91813,91814,76831,91816],{"id":77055},[15,91815,75671],{},[15,91817,806],{},[20,91819,3367],{},[64,91821,91823],{"className":66,"code":91822,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91824,91825],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91826,91827,91829,91831,91833,91835,91837,91839,91841],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91828,60239],{"class":79},[73,91830,84],{"class":83},[73,91832,2397],{"class":116},[73,91834,140],{"class":83},[73,91836,5118],{"class":116},[73,91838,140],{"class":83},[73,91840,4345],{"class":116},[73,91842,249],{"class":83},[20,91844,77100,91845,91847],{},[15,91846,781],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[59,91849,657,91851,91853,91854,91856],{"id":91850},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91852,36705],{}," in a ",[15,91855,934],{}," loop",[20,91858,91859,91861],{},[15,91860,36705],{}," is most useful when:",[33,91863,91864,91867,91870],{},[36,91865,91866],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[36,91868,91869],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[36,91871,91872,91873],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91874,91875],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91877,206],{},[64,91879,91881],{"className":66,"code":91880,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91882,91883,91899],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91884,91885,91887,91889,91891,91893,91895,91897],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91886,934],{"class":933},[73,91888,69790],{"class":216},[73,91890,940],{"class":933},[73,91892,54309],{"class":79},[73,91894,84],{"class":83},[73,91896,1304],{"class":116},[73,91898,8851],{"class":83},[73,91900,91901,91903,91905,91907,91910,91912,91914,91916],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,91902,1676],{"class":79},[73,91904,84],{"class":83},[73,91906,94],{"class":93},[73,91908,91909],{"class":97},"Loop number:",[73,91911,94],{"class":93},[73,91913,140],{"class":83},[73,91915,36636],{"class":245},[73,91917,249],{"class":83},[20,91919,148],{},[64,91921,91923],{"className":66,"code":91922,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91924,91925,91934,91942],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91926,91927,91930,91932],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91928,91929],{"class":216},"Loop number",[73,91931,1063],{"class":83},[73,91933,39020],{"class":116},[73,91935,91936,91938,91940],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,91937,91929],{"class":216},[73,91939,1063],{"class":83},[73,91941,30124],{"class":116},[73,91943,91944,91946,91948],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,91945,91929],{"class":216},[73,91947,1063],{"class":83},[73,91949,46080],{"class":116},[403,91951,91953],{"id":91952},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[64,91955,91957],{"className":66,"code":91956,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91958,91959,91975],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,91960,91961,91963,91965,91967,91969,91971,91973],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,91962,934],{"class":933},[73,91964,69790],{"class":216},[73,91966,940],{"class":933},[73,91968,54309],{"class":79},[73,91970,84],{"class":83},[73,91972,688],{"class":116},[73,91974,8851],{"class":83},[73,91976,91977,91979,91981,91983,91985,91987],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,91978,1676],{"class":79},[73,91980,84],{"class":83},[73,91982,94],{"class":93},[73,91984,35373],{"class":97},[73,91986,94],{"class":93},[73,91988,249],{"class":83},[20,91990,91991,91992,91994],{},"This prints ",[15,91993,90660],{}," five times.",[403,91996,91998],{"id":91997},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[64,92000,92002],{"className":66,"code":92001,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,92003,92004,92024],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92005,92006,92008,92010,92012,92014,92016,92018,92020,92022],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92007,934],{"class":933},[73,92009,69790],{"class":216},[73,92011,940],{"class":933},[73,92013,54309],{"class":79},[73,92015,84],{"class":83},[73,92017,2397],{"class":116},[73,92019,140],{"class":83},[73,92021,2988],{"class":116},[73,92023,8851],{"class":83},[73,92025,92026,92028,92030,92032,92035,92037,92039,92041],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,92027,1676],{"class":79},[73,92029,84],{"class":83},[73,92031,94],{"class":93},[73,92033,92034],{"class":97},"Current number is",[73,92036,94],{"class":93},[73,92038,140],{"class":83},[73,92040,36636],{"class":245},[73,92042,249],{"class":83},[20,92044,148],{},[64,92046,92048],{"className":66,"code":92047,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,92049,92050,92059,92067],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92051,92052,92055,92057],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92053,92054],{"class":216},"Current number ",[73,92056,12705],{"class":220},[73,92058,30124],{"class":116},[73,92060,92061,92063,92065],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,92062,92054],{"class":216},[73,92064,12705],{"class":220},[73,92066,46080],{"class":116},[73,92068,92069,92071,92073],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,92070,92054],{"class":216},[73,92072,12705],{"class":220},[73,92074,3109],{"class":116},[403,92076,92078,92080],{"id":92077},"range-and-indexing",[15,92079,36705],{}," and indexing",[20,92082,92083],{},"You may see code like this:",[64,92085,92087],{"className":66,"code":92086,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,92088,92089,92121,92125,92145],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92090,92091,92093,92095,92097,92099,92101,92103,92105,92107,92109,92111,92113,92115,92117,92119],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92092,8289],{"class":216},[73,92094,221],{"class":220},[73,92096,891],{"class":83},[73,92098,94],{"class":93},[73,92100,646],{"class":97},[73,92102,94],{"class":93},[73,92104,140],{"class":83},[73,92106,224],{"class":93},[73,92108,5274],{"class":97},[73,92110,94],{"class":93},[73,92112,140],{"class":83},[73,92114,224],{"class":93},[73,92116,10245],{"class":97},[73,92118,94],{"class":93},[73,92120,924],{"class":83},[73,92122,92123],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,92124,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,92126,92127,92129,92131,92133,92135,92137,92139,92141,92143],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,92128,934],{"class":933},[73,92130,69790],{"class":216},[73,92132,940],{"class":933},[73,92134,54309],{"class":79},[73,92136,84],{"class":83},[73,92138,11670],{"class":79},[73,92140,84],{"class":83},[73,92142,8320],{"class":245},[73,92144,69805],{"class":83},[73,92146,92147,92149,92151,92153,92155,92157,92159,92161],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,92148,1676],{"class":79},[73,92150,84],{"class":83},[73,92152,36661],{"class":245},[73,92154,140],{"class":83},[73,92156,6477],{"class":245},[73,92158,4410],{"class":83},[73,92160,36661],{"class":245},[73,92162,4398],{"class":83},[20,92164,148],{},[64,92166,92167],{"className":66,"code":36673,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,92168,92169,92175,92181],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92170,92171,92173],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92172,806],{"class":116},[73,92174,36682],{"class":216},[73,92176,92177,92179],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,92178,2397],{"class":116},[73,92180,36689],{"class":216},[73,92182,92183,92185],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,92184,530],{"class":116},[73,92186,36696],{"class":216},[20,92188,92189,92190,92194],{},"This works, and it uses ",[646,92191,92192],{"href":42852},[15,92193,42855],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,92196,92197],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[64,92199,92201],{"className":66,"code":92200,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,92202,92203,92235,92239,92251],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92204,92205,92207,92209,92211,92213,92215,92217,92219,92221,92223,92225,92227,92229,92231,92233],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92206,8289],{"class":216},[73,92208,221],{"class":220},[73,92210,891],{"class":83},[73,92212,94],{"class":93},[73,92214,646],{"class":97},[73,92216,94],{"class":93},[73,92218,140],{"class":83},[73,92220,224],{"class":93},[73,92222,5274],{"class":97},[73,92224,94],{"class":93},[73,92226,140],{"class":83},[73,92228,224],{"class":93},[73,92230,10245],{"class":97},[73,92232,94],{"class":93},[73,92234,924],{"class":83},[73,92236,92237],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,92238,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,92240,92241,92243,92245,92247,92249],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,92242,934],{"class":933},[73,92244,6472],{"class":216},[73,92246,940],{"class":933},[73,92248,6477],{"class":216},[73,92250,946],{"class":83},[73,92252,92253,92255,92257,92259],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,92254,1676],{"class":79},[73,92256,84],{"class":83},[73,92258,23820],{"class":245},[73,92260,249],{"class":83},[20,92262,37100,92263,92268],{},[646,92264,92266],{"href":92265},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,92267,36255],{}," is usually a better choice:",[64,92270,92272],{"className":66,"code":92271,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,92273,92274,92306,92310,92330],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92275,92276,92278,92280,92282,92284,92286,92288,92290,92292,92294,92296,92298,92300,92302,92304],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92277,8289],{"class":216},[73,92279,221],{"class":220},[73,92281,891],{"class":83},[73,92283,94],{"class":93},[73,92285,646],{"class":97},[73,92287,94],{"class":93},[73,92289,140],{"class":83},[73,92291,224],{"class":93},[73,92293,5274],{"class":97},[73,92295,94],{"class":93},[73,92297,140],{"class":83},[73,92299,224],{"class":93},[73,92301,10245],{"class":97},[73,92303,94],{"class":93},[73,92305,924],{"class":83},[73,92307,92308],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,92309,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,92311,92312,92314,92316,92318,92320,92322,92324,92326,92328],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,92313,934],{"class":933},[73,92315,36327],{"class":216},[73,92317,140],{"class":83},[73,92319,6472],{"class":216},[73,92321,940],{"class":933},[73,92323,36337],{"class":79},[73,92325,84],{"class":83},[73,92327,8320],{"class":245},[73,92329,8851],{"class":83},[73,92331,92332,92334,92336,92338,92340,92342],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,92333,1676],{"class":79},[73,92335,84],{"class":83},[73,92337,36352],{"class":245},[73,92339,140],{"class":83},[73,92341,30016],{"class":245},[73,92343,249],{"class":83},[20,92345,79360,92346,653],{},[646,92347,37113,92348,37116],{"href":37112},[15,92349,36255],{},[59,92351,92353,92354,92356],{"id":92352},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,92355,36705],{}," to a list",[20,92358,92359,92361],{},[15,92360,36705],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,92363,92364,92365,1063],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,92366,25291],{},[64,92368,92370],{"className":66,"code":92369,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,92371,92372],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92373,92374,92376,92378,92380,92382,92384,92386,92388],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92375,80],{"class":79},[73,92377,84],{"class":83},[73,92379,8604],{"class":87},[73,92381,84],{"class":83},[73,92383,60239],{"class":79},[73,92385,84],{"class":83},[73,92387,1304],{"class":116},[73,92389,1784],{"class":83},[20,92391,148],{},[64,92393,92395],{"className":66,"code":92394,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,92396,92397],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92398,92399,92401,92403,92405,92407,92409,92411],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92400,4410],{"class":83},[73,92402,806],{"class":116},[73,92404,140],{"class":83},[73,92406,2085],{"class":116},[73,92408,140],{"class":83},[73,92410,143],{"class":116},[73,92412,924],{"class":83},[20,92414,33818],{},[33,92416,92417,92422,92425],{},[36,92418,92419,92420,42583],{},"learning how ",[15,92421,36705],{},[36,92423,92424],{},"checking your values",[36,92426,92427],{},"debugging code",[20,92429,5985],{},[64,92431,92433],{"className":66,"code":92432,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92434,92435,92449,92453,92463],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92436,92437,92439,92441,92443,92445,92447],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92438,4134],{"class":216},[73,92440,221],{"class":220},[73,92442,54309],{"class":79},[73,92444,84],{"class":83},[73,92446,3036],{"class":116},[73,92448,249],{"class":83},[73,92450,92451],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,92452,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,92454,92455,92457,92459,92461],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,92456,80],{"class":79},[73,92458,84],{"class":83},[73,92460,4164],{"class":245},[73,92462,249],{"class":83},[73,92464,92465,92467,92469,92471,92473,92475],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,92466,80],{"class":79},[73,92468,84],{"class":83},[73,92470,8604],{"class":87},[73,92472,84],{"class":83},[73,92474,4164],{"class":245},[73,92476,102],{"class":83},[20,92478,148],{},[64,92480,92482],{"className":66,"code":92481,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92483,92484,92498],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92485,92486,92488,92490,92492,92494,92496],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92487,60239],{"class":79},[73,92489,84],{"class":83},[73,92491,806],{"class":116},[73,92493,140],{"class":83},[73,92495,2988],{"class":116},[73,92497,249],{"class":83},[73,92499,92500,92502,92504,92506,92508,92510,92512,92514,92516],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,92501,4410],{"class":83},[73,92503,806],{"class":116},[73,92505,140],{"class":83},[73,92507,2085],{"class":116},[73,92509,140],{"class":83},[73,92511,143],{"class":116},[73,92513,140],{"class":83},[73,92515,2982],{"class":116},[73,92517,924],{"class":83},[20,92519,92520,92521,11092,92523,92526],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92522,60239],{},[15,92524,92525],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[59,92528,5031],{"id":5030},[20,92530,34047,92531,653],{},[15,92532,36705],{},[403,92534,92536],{"id":92535},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92538,92539],{},"Many beginners think this:",[64,92541,92543],{"className":66,"code":92542,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92544,92545],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92546,92547,92549,92551,92553,92555,92557,92559,92561,92563,92565],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92548,80],{"class":79},[73,92550,84],{"class":83},[73,92552,8604],{"class":87},[73,92554,84],{"class":83},[73,92556,60239],{"class":79},[73,92558,84],{"class":83},[73,92560,2397],{"class":116},[73,92562,140],{"class":83},[73,92564,5118],{"class":116},[73,92566,1784],{"class":83},[20,92568,92569],{},"will produce:",[64,92571,92573],{"className":66,"code":92572,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92574,92575],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92576,92577,92579,92581,92583,92585,92587,92589,92591,92593,92595,92597],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92578,4410],{"class":83},[73,92580,2397],{"class":116},[73,92582,140],{"class":83},[73,92584,143],{"class":116},[73,92586,140],{"class":83},[73,92588,2982],{"class":116},[73,92590,140],{"class":83},[73,92592,2988],{"class":116},[73,92594,140],{"class":83},[73,92596,5118],{"class":116},[73,92598,924],{"class":83},[20,92600,92601],{},"But the real output is:",[64,92603,92604],{"className":66,"code":53744,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,92605,92606],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92607,92608,92610,92612,92614,92616,92618,92620,92622,92624],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92609,4410],{"class":83},[73,92611,2397],{"class":116},[73,92613,140],{"class":83},[73,92615,143],{"class":116},[73,92617,140],{"class":83},[73,92619,2982],{"class":116},[73,92621,140],{"class":83},[73,92623,2988],{"class":116},[73,92625,924],{"class":83},[20,92627,92628],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[403,92630,5092,92632,92634,92635],{"id":92631},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92633,91096],{}," starts at ",[15,92636,2397],{},[20,92638,37974,92639,19475,92641,653],{},[15,92640,806],{},[15,92642,2397],{},[64,92644,92645],{"className":66,"code":91289,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,92646,92647],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92648,92649,92651,92653,92655,92657,92659,92661,92663],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92650,80],{"class":79},[73,92652,84],{"class":83},[73,92654,8604],{"class":87},[73,92656,84],{"class":83},[73,92658,60239],{"class":79},[73,92660,84],{"class":83},[73,92662,688],{"class":116},[73,92664,1784],{"class":83},[20,92666,148],{},[64,92668,92669],{"className":66,"code":60262,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,92670,92671],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92672,92673,92675,92677,92679,92681,92683,92685,92687,92689,92691,92693],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92674,4410],{"class":83},[73,92676,806],{"class":116},[73,92678,140],{"class":83},[73,92680,2085],{"class":116},[73,92682,140],{"class":83},[73,92684,143],{"class":116},[73,92686,140],{"class":83},[73,92688,2982],{"class":116},[73,92690,140],{"class":83},[73,92692,2988],{"class":116},[73,92694,924],{"class":83},[403,92696,92698],{"id":92697},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92700,92701,92702,1063],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92703,1174],{},[64,92705,92707],{"className":66,"code":92706,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92708,92709,92728,92732,92749],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92710,92711,92714,92716,92718,92720,92722,92724,92726],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92712,92713],{"class":216},"user_number ",[73,92715,221],{"class":220},[73,92717,8751],{"class":79},[73,92719,84],{"class":83},[73,92721,94],{"class":93},[73,92723,42371],{"class":97},[73,92725,94],{"class":93},[73,92727,249],{"class":83},[73,92729,92730],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,92731,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,92733,92734,92736,92738,92740,92742,92744,92747],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,92735,934],{"class":933},[73,92737,69790],{"class":216},[73,92739,940],{"class":933},[73,92741,54309],{"class":79},[73,92743,84],{"class":83},[73,92745,92746],{"class":245},"user_number",[73,92748,8851],{"class":83},[73,92750,92751,92753,92755,92757],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,92752,1676],{"class":79},[73,92754,84],{"class":83},[73,92756,36661],{"class":245},[73,92758,249],{"class":83},[20,92760,2189,92761,92763],{},[15,92762,1174],{}," returns a string.",[20,92765,11315],{},[64,92767,92769],{"className":66,"code":92768,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92770,92771,92793,92797,92813],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92772,92773,92775,92777,92779,92781,92783,92785,92787,92789,92791],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92774,92713],{"class":216},[73,92776,221],{"class":220},[73,92778,240],{"class":87},[73,92780,84],{"class":83},[73,92782,42956],{"class":79},[73,92784,84],{"class":83},[73,92786,94],{"class":93},[73,92788,42371],{"class":97},[73,92790,94],{"class":93},[73,92792,102],{"class":83},[73,92794,92795],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,92796,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,92798,92799,92801,92803,92805,92807,92809,92811],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,92800,934],{"class":933},[73,92802,69790],{"class":216},[73,92804,940],{"class":933},[73,92806,54309],{"class":79},[73,92808,84],{"class":83},[73,92810,92746],{"class":245},[73,92812,8851],{"class":83},[73,92814,92815,92817,92819,92821],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,92816,1676],{"class":79},[73,92818,84],{"class":83},[73,92820,36661],{"class":245},[73,92822,249],{"class":83},[20,92824,92825,92826,653],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[646,92827,50761,92828],{"href":50760},[15,92829,50764],{},[403,92831,92833,92834,92836,92837],{"id":92832},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92835,36579],{}," smaller than ",[15,92838,75668],{},[20,92840,92841],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[64,92843,92844],{"className":66,"code":91771,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,92845,92846],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92847,92848,92850,92852,92854,92856,92858,92860,92862,92864,92866,92868,92870,92872],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92849,80],{"class":79},[73,92851,84],{"class":83},[73,92853,8604],{"class":87},[73,92855,84],{"class":83},[73,92857,60239],{"class":79},[73,92859,84],{"class":83},[73,92861,2397],{"class":116},[73,92863,140],{"class":83},[73,92865,5118],{"class":116},[73,92867,140],{"class":83},[73,92869,2759],{"class":220},[73,92871,2397],{"class":116},[73,92873,1784],{"class":83},[20,92875,148],{},[64,92877,92878],{"className":66,"code":38804,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,92879,92880],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92881,92882],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92883,38804],{"class":83},[20,92885,92886],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[403,92888,26127,92890],{"id":92889},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92891,92892],{},"step = 0",[20,92894,77811],{},[64,92896,92898],{"className":66,"code":92897,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92899,92900],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92901,92902,92904,92906,92908,92910,92912,92914,92916],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92903,60239],{"class":79},[73,92905,84],{"class":83},[73,92907,2397],{"class":116},[73,92909,140],{"class":83},[73,92911,6516],{"class":116},[73,92913,140],{"class":83},[73,92915,4345],{"class":116},[73,92917,249],{"class":83},[20,92919,92920],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[403,92922,5217,92924,92926],{"id":92923},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92925,36705],{}," is not a list",[20,92928,92929],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[64,92931,92933],{"className":66,"code":92932,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92934,92935],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92936,92937,92939,92941,92943,92945,92947],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92938,80],{"class":79},[73,92940,84],{"class":83},[73,92942,60239],{"class":79},[73,92944,84],{"class":83},[73,92946,688],{"class":116},[73,92948,102],{"class":83},[20,92950,148],{},[64,92952,92954],{"className":66,"code":92953,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92955,92956],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92957,92958,92960,92962,92964,92966,92968],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92959,60239],{"class":79},[73,92961,84],{"class":83},[73,92963,806],{"class":116},[73,92965,140],{"class":83},[73,92967,5118],{"class":116},[73,92969,249],{"class":83},[20,92971,92972],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[64,92974,92975],{"className":66,"code":91289,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,92976,92977],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,92978,92979,92981,92983,92985,92987,92989,92991,92993],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,92980,80],{"class":79},[73,92982,84],{"class":83},[73,92984,8604],{"class":87},[73,92986,84],{"class":83},[73,92988,60239],{"class":79},[73,92990,84],{"class":83},[73,92992,688],{"class":116},[73,92994,1784],{"class":83},[20,92996,148],{},[64,92998,92999],{"className":66,"code":60262,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,93000,93001],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,93002,93003,93005,93007,93009,93011,93013,93015,93017,93019,93021,93023],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,93004,4410],{"class":83},[73,93006,806],{"class":116},[73,93008,140],{"class":83},[73,93010,2085],{"class":116},[73,93012,140],{"class":83},[73,93014,143],{"class":116},[73,93016,140],{"class":83},[73,93018,2982],{"class":116},[73,93020,140],{"class":83},[73,93022,2988],{"class":116},[73,93024,924],{"class":83},[59,93026,93028],{"id":93027},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,93030,9384,93031,82582],{},[15,93032,36705],{},[64,93034,93036],{"className":66,"code":93035,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,93037,93038,93052,93070,93092,93120],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,93039,93040,93042,93044,93046,93048,93050],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,93041,80],{"class":79},[73,93043,84],{"class":83},[73,93045,60239],{"class":79},[73,93047,84],{"class":83},[73,93049,688],{"class":116},[73,93051,102],{"class":83},[73,93053,93054,93056,93058,93060,93062,93064,93066,93068],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,93055,80],{"class":79},[73,93057,84],{"class":83},[73,93059,8604],{"class":87},[73,93061,84],{"class":83},[73,93063,60239],{"class":79},[73,93065,84],{"class":83},[73,93067,688],{"class":116},[73,93069,1784],{"class":83},[73,93071,93072,93074,93076,93078,93080,93082,93084,93086,93088,93090],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,93073,80],{"class":79},[73,93075,84],{"class":83},[73,93077,8604],{"class":87},[73,93079,84],{"class":83},[73,93081,60239],{"class":79},[73,93083,84],{"class":83},[73,93085,530],{"class":116},[73,93087,140],{"class":83},[73,93089,594],{"class":116},[73,93091,1784],{"class":83},[73,93093,93094,93096,93098,93100,93102,93104,93106,93108,93110,93112,93114,93116,93118],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,93095,80],{"class":79},[73,93097,84],{"class":83},[73,93099,8604],{"class":87},[73,93101,84],{"class":83},[73,93103,60239],{"class":79},[73,93105,84],{"class":83},[73,93107,452],{"class":116},[73,93109,140],{"class":83},[73,93111,4345],{"class":116},[73,93113,140],{"class":83},[73,93115,2759],{"class":220},[73,93117,530],{"class":116},[73,93119,1784],{"class":83},[73,93121,93122,93124,93126,93128,93130,93132,93134,93136],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,93123,80],{"class":79},[73,93125,84],{"class":83},[73,93127,288],{"class":87},[73,93129,84],{"class":83},[73,93131,60239],{"class":79},[73,93133,84],{"class":83},[73,93135,688],{"class":116},[73,93137,1784],{"class":83},[20,93139,26518],{},[33,93141,93142,93145,93148],{},[36,93143,93144],{},"what values are being created",[36,93146,93147],{},"whether the direction is correct",[36,93149,93150,93151,25127],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,93152,60239],{},[59,93154,2350],{"id":2349},[403,93156,2354,93158,93160],{"id":93157},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,93159,36705],{}," include the last number?",[20,93162,93163],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[403,93165,2367,93167,93169,93170,3023],{"id":93166},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,93168,91096],{}," start at ",[15,93171,806],{},[20,93173,93174,93175,653],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,93176,806],{},[403,93178,5681,93180,93182],{"id":93179},"can-range-count-backward",[15,93181,36705],{}," count backward?",[20,93184,93185,93186,653],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,93187,93188],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[403,93190,15412,93192,26553],{"id":93191},"is-range-a-list",[15,93193,36705],{},[20,93195,26556,93196,93198,93199,24448],{},[15,93197,60239],{}," object. Use ",[15,93200,93201],{},"list(range(...))",[403,93203,2367,93205,2371],{"id":93204},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,93206,93207],{},"range(input())",[20,93209,93210,4002,93212,653],{},[15,93211,1174],{},[15,93213,93214],{},"int(input())",[59,93216,2413],{"id":2412},[33,93218,93219,93223,93229,93235,93241],{},[36,93220,93221],{},[646,93222,36535],{"href":36534},[36,93224,93225],{},[646,93226,13,93227,2422],{"href":42852},[15,93228,42855],{},[36,93230,93231],{},[646,93232,13,93233,2422],{"href":92265},[15,93234,36255],{},[36,93236,93237],{},[646,93238,38025,93239,37116],{"href":37112},[15,93240,36255],{},[36,93242,93243],{},[646,93244,50761,93245],{"href":50760},[15,93246,50764],{},[2459,93248,93249],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":93251},[93252,93253,93255,93261,93269,93276,93278,93290,93291,93303],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":91105,"depth":105,"text":93254},"What range() does",{"id":91198,"depth":105,"text":93256,"children":93257},"range() syntax",[93258,93259,93260],{"id":91278,"depth":122,"text":91281},{"id":91342,"depth":122,"text":91345},{"id":91410,"depth":122,"text":91413},{"id":91481,"depth":105,"text":91482,"children":93262},[93263,93264,93265,93266,93267],{"id":91488,"depth":122,"text":91096},{"id":91551,"depth":122,"text":91554},{"id":91615,"depth":122,"text":91618},{"id":91691,"depth":122,"text":91692},{"id":77055,"depth":122,"text":93268},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91850,"depth":105,"text":93270,"children":93271},"Using range() in a for loop",[93272,93273,93274],{"id":91952,"depth":122,"text":91953},{"id":91997,"depth":122,"text":91998},{"id":92077,"depth":122,"text":93275},"range() and indexing",{"id":92352,"depth":105,"text":93277},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":5030,"depth":105,"text":5031,"children":93279},[93280,93281,93283,93284,93286,93288],{"id":92535,"depth":122,"text":92536},{"id":92631,"depth":122,"text":93282},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92697,"depth":122,"text":92698},{"id":92832,"depth":122,"text":93285},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92889,"depth":122,"text":93287},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92923,"depth":122,"text":93289},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":93027,"depth":105,"text":93028},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":93292},[93293,93295,93297,93299,93301],{"id":93157,"depth":122,"text":93294},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":93166,"depth":122,"text":93296},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":93179,"depth":122,"text":93298},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":93191,"depth":122,"text":93300},"Is range() a list?",{"id":93204,"depth":122,"text":93302},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90999,"description":93304},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93311,"title":93312,"body":93313,"description":94986,"extension":2511,"meta":94987,"navigation":254,"path":94988,"seo":94989,"stem":94990,"__hash__":94991},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93314,"toc":94959},[93315,93324,93331,93348,93364,93366,93415,93423,93427,93430,93450,93452,93516,93518,93561,93564,93610,93612,93645,93655,93661,93669,93686,93688,93719,93721,93746,93751,93762,93765,93835,93837,93868,93873,93878,93895,93897,93948,93950,93983,93986,93993,93998,94002,94018,94020,94064,94066,94112,94115,94128,94133,94137,94151,94153,94204,94206,94239,94244,94246,94253,94255,94278,94280,94345,94347,94364,94367,94400,94402,94430,94440,94447,94451,94454,94472,94475,94503,94506,94524,94529,94535,94538,94560,94562,94590,94592,94595,94620,94623,94736,94738,94817,94819,94825,94830,94838,94846,94850,94853,94855,94888,94890,94898,94904,94911,94918,94921,94923,94956],[10,93316,13,93318,11092,93320,93323],{"id":93317},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,93319,36705],{},[15,93321,93322],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,93325,93326,1647,93328,93330],{},[15,93327,36705],{},[15,93329,93322],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[33,93332,93333,93341],{},[36,93334,93335,93337,93338],{},[15,93336,36705],{}," creates a ",[1194,93339,93340],{},"range object",[36,93342,93343,93337,93345],{},[15,93344,93322],{},[1194,93346,93347],{},"real list",[20,93349,93350,93351,93353,93354,93357,93358,93360,93361,93363],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,93352,91096],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,93355,93356],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,93359,36705],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,93362,93322],{}," when you actually need a list.",[59,93365,4124],{"id":4123},[64,93367,93369],{"className":66,"code":93368,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93370,93371,93385,93398],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,93372,93373,93375,93377,93379,93381,93383],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,93374,4134],{"class":216},[73,93376,221],{"class":220},[73,93378,54309],{"class":79},[73,93380,84],{"class":83},[73,93382,688],{"class":116},[73,93384,249],{"class":83},[73,93386,93387,93389,93391,93393,93395],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,93388,80],{"class":79},[73,93390,84],{"class":83},[73,93392,4164],{"class":245},[73,93394,4177],{"class":83},[73,93396,93397],{"class":769},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[73,93399,93400,93402,93404,93406,93408,93410,93412],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,93401,80],{"class":79},[73,93403,84],{"class":83},[73,93405,8604],{"class":87},[73,93407,84],{"class":83},[73,93409,4164],{"class":245},[73,93411,5874],{"class":83},[73,93413,93414],{"class":769},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,93416,171,93417,93419,93420,93422],{},[15,93418,36705],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93421,93322],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[59,93424,93426],{"id":93425},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93428,93429],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[33,93431,93432,93439,93444,93447],{},[36,93433,93434,22486,93436,93438],{},[15,93435,36705],{},[1194,93437,93340],{},", not a list",[36,93440,93441,93443],{},[15,93442,93322],{}," converts that range object into a list",[36,93445,93446],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[36,93448,93449],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93451,206],{},[64,93453,93455],{"className":66,"code":93454,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93456,93457,93472,93491,93495,93505],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,93458,93459,93462,93464,93466,93468,93470],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,93460,93461],{"class":216},"r ",[73,93463,221],{"class":220},[73,93465,54309],{"class":79},[73,93467,84],{"class":83},[73,93469,688],{"class":116},[73,93471,249],{"class":83},[73,93473,93474,93477,93479,93481,93483,93485,93487,93489],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,93475,93476],{"class":216},"lst ",[73,93478,221],{"class":220},[73,93480,23069],{"class":87},[73,93482,84],{"class":83},[73,93484,60239],{"class":79},[73,93486,84],{"class":83},[73,93488,688],{"class":116},[73,93490,102],{"class":83},[73,93492,93493],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,93494,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,93496,93497,93499,93501,93503],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,93498,80],{"class":79},[73,93500,84],{"class":83},[73,93502,60746],{"class":245},[73,93504,249],{"class":83},[73,93506,93507,93509,93511,93514],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,93508,80],{"class":79},[73,93510,84],{"class":83},[73,93512,93513],{"class":245},"lst",[73,93515,249],{"class":83},[20,93517,148],{},[64,93519,93521],{"className":66,"code":93520,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93522,93523,93537],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,93524,93525,93527,93529,93531,93533,93535],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,93526,60239],{"class":79},[73,93528,84],{"class":83},[73,93530,806],{"class":116},[73,93532,140],{"class":83},[73,93534,5118],{"class":116},[73,93536,249],{"class":83},[73,93538,93539,93541,93543,93545,93547,93549,93551,93553,93555,93557,93559],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,93540,4410],{"class":83},[73,93542,806],{"class":116},[73,93544,140],{"class":83},[73,93546,2085],{"class":116},[73,93548,140],{"class":83},[73,93550,143],{"class":116},[73,93552,140],{"class":83},[73,93554,2982],{"class":116},[73,93556,140],{"class":83},[73,93558,2988],{"class":116},[73,93560,924],{"class":83},[20,93562,93563],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[64,93565,93567],{"className":66,"code":93566,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93568,93569,93587],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,93570,93571,93573,93575,93577,93579,93581,93583,93585],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,93572,80],{"class":79},[73,93574,84],{"class":83},[73,93576,288],{"class":87},[73,93578,84],{"class":83},[73,93580,60239],{"class":79},[73,93582,84],{"class":83},[73,93584,688],{"class":116},[73,93586,1784],{"class":83},[73,93588,93589,93591,93593,93595,93597,93599,93601,93603,93605,93607],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,93590,80],{"class":79},[73,93592,84],{"class":83},[73,93594,288],{"class":87},[73,93596,84],{"class":83},[73,93598,8604],{"class":87},[73,93600,84],{"class":83},[73,93602,60239],{"class":79},[73,93604,84],{"class":83},[73,93606,688],{"class":116},[73,93608,93609],{"class":83},"))))\n",[20,93611,148],{},[64,93613,93615],{"className":66,"code":93614,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93616,93617,93631],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,93618,93619,93621,93623,93625,93627,93629],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,93620,330],{"class":220},[73,93622,334],{"class":333},[73,93624,337],{"class":93},[73,93626,60239],{"class":97},[73,93628,343],{"class":93},[73,93630,346],{"class":220},[73,93632,93633,93635,93637,93639,93641,93643],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,93634,330],{"class":220},[73,93636,334],{"class":333},[73,93638,337],{"class":93},[73,93640,8604],{"class":97},[73,93642,343],{"class":93},[73,93644,346],{"class":220},[20,93646,93647,93648,93650,93651,653],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93649,36705],{}," works, see ",[646,93652,13,93653,2422],{"href":93306},[15,93654,36705],{},[59,93656,178,93658,93660],{"id":93657},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93659,36705],{}," gives you",[20,93662,93663,93665,93666,93668],{},[15,93664,36705],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93667,934],{}," loops.",[33,93670,93671,93674,93677,93680],{},[36,93672,93673],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[36,93675,93676],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[36,93678,93679],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[36,93681,93682,93683],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93684,93685],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93687,206],{},[64,93689,93691],{"className":66,"code":93690,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93692,93693,93709],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,93694,93695,93697,93699,93701,93703,93705,93707],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,93696,934],{"class":933},[73,93698,69790],{"class":216},[73,93700,940],{"class":933},[73,93702,54309],{"class":79},[73,93704,84],{"class":83},[73,93706,688],{"class":116},[73,93708,8851],{"class":83},[73,93710,93711,93713,93715,93717],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,93712,1676],{"class":79},[73,93714,84],{"class":83},[73,93716,36661],{"class":245},[73,93718,249],{"class":83},[20,93720,148],{},[64,93722,93724],{"className":66,"code":93723,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93725,93726,93730,93734,93738,93742],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,93727,93728],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,93729,860],{"class":116},[73,93731,93732],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,93733,508],{"class":116},[73,93735,93736],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,93737,17567],{"class":116},[73,93739,93740],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,93741,163],{"class":116},[73,93743,93744],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,93745,2331],{"class":116},[20,93747,21283,93748,93750],{},[15,93749,91096],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93752,93753,93754,93756,93757,653],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93755,36705],{}," is so common with ",[646,93758,13,93760,91127],{"href":93759},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93761,934],{},[20,93763,93764],{},"You can also inspect it:",[64,93766,93768],{"className":66,"code":93767,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93769,93770,93792,93796,93806,93820],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,93771,93772,93774,93776,93778,93780,93782,93784,93786,93788,93790],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,93773,93461],{"class":216},[73,93775,221],{"class":220},[73,93777,54309],{"class":79},[73,93779,84],{"class":83},[73,93781,530],{"class":116},[73,93783,140],{"class":83},[73,93785,6516],{"class":116},[73,93787,140],{"class":83},[73,93789,143],{"class":116},[73,93791,249],{"class":83},[73,93793,93794],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,93795,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,93797,93798,93800,93802,93804],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,93799,80],{"class":79},[73,93801,84],{"class":83},[73,93803,60746],{"class":245},[73,93805,249],{"class":83},[73,93807,93808,93810,93812,93814,93816,93818],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,93809,80],{"class":79},[73,93811,84],{"class":83},[73,93813,11670],{"class":79},[73,93815,84],{"class":83},[73,93817,60746],{"class":245},[73,93819,102],{"class":83},[73,93821,93822,93824,93826,93828,93830,93833],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,93823,80],{"class":79},[73,93825,84],{"class":83},[73,93827,80836],{"class":116},[73,93829,21686],{"class":933},[73,93831,93832],{"class":245}," r",[73,93834,249],{"class":83},[20,93836,148],{},[64,93838,93840],{"className":66,"code":93839,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93841,93842,93860,93864],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,93843,93844,93846,93848,93850,93852,93854,93856,93858],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,93845,60239],{"class":79},[73,93847,84],{"class":83},[73,93849,530],{"class":116},[73,93851,140],{"class":83},[73,93853,6516],{"class":116},[73,93855,140],{"class":83},[73,93857,143],{"class":116},[73,93859,249],{"class":83},[73,93861,93862],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,93863,2331],{"class":116},[73,93865,93866],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,93867,4490],{"class":484},[59,93869,178,93871,93660],{"id":93870},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93872,93322],{},[20,93874,93875,93877],{},[15,93876,93322],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[33,93879,93880,93883,93886,93889],{},[36,93881,93882],{},"It creates all values at once",[36,93884,93885],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[36,93887,93888],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[36,93890,93891,93892,93894],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93893,36705],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93896,206],{},[64,93898,93900],{"className":66,"code":93899,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93901,93902,93920,93924,93934],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,93903,93904,93906,93908,93910,93912,93914,93916,93918],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,93905,4134],{"class":216},[73,93907,221],{"class":220},[73,93909,23069],{"class":87},[73,93911,84],{"class":83},[73,93913,60239],{"class":79},[73,93915,84],{"class":83},[73,93917,688],{"class":116},[73,93919,102],{"class":83},[73,93921,93922],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,93923,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,93925,93926,93928,93930,93932],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,93927,80],{"class":79},[73,93929,84],{"class":83},[73,93931,4164],{"class":245},[73,93933,249],{"class":83},[73,93935,93936,93938,93940,93942,93944,93946],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,93937,80],{"class":79},[73,93939,84],{"class":83},[73,93941,4164],{"class":245},[73,93943,4410],{"class":83},[73,93945,530],{"class":116},[73,93947,4398],{"class":83},[20,93949,148],{},[64,93951,93953],{"className":66,"code":93952,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93954,93955,93979],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,93956,93957,93959,93961,93963,93965,93967,93969,93971,93973,93975,93977],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,93958,4410],{"class":83},[73,93960,806],{"class":116},[73,93962,140],{"class":83},[73,93964,2085],{"class":116},[73,93966,140],{"class":83},[73,93968,143],{"class":116},[73,93970,140],{"class":83},[73,93972,2982],{"class":116},[73,93974,140],{"class":83},[73,93976,2988],{"class":116},[73,93978,924],{"class":83},[73,93980,93981],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,93982,17567],{"class":116},[20,93984,93985],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93987,93988,93989,653],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[646,93990,13,93991,2422],{"href":65089},[15,93992,25291],{},[59,93994,1999,93996],{"id":93995},"when-to-use-range",[15,93997,36705],{},[20,93999,171,94000,11108],{},[15,94001,36705],{},[33,94003,94004,94009,94012,94015],{},[36,94005,94006,94007,91856],{},"You are writing a ",[15,94008,934],{},[36,94010,94011],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[36,94013,94014],{},"You are working with large sequences",[36,94016,94017],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,94019,206],{},[64,94021,94023],{"className":66,"code":94022,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,94024,94025,94045],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94026,94027,94029,94031,94033,94035,94037,94039,94041,94043],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94028,934],{"class":933},[73,94030,69790],{"class":216},[73,94032,940],{"class":933},[73,94034,54309],{"class":79},[73,94036,84],{"class":83},[73,94038,2397],{"class":116},[73,94040,140],{"class":83},[73,94042,38150],{"class":116},[73,94044,8851],{"class":83},[73,94046,94047,94049,94051,94053,94056,94058,94060,94062],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,94048,1676],{"class":79},[73,94050,84],{"class":83},[73,94052,94],{"class":93},[73,94054,94055],{"class":97},"Count:",[73,94057,94],{"class":93},[73,94059,140],{"class":83},[73,94061,36636],{"class":245},[73,94063,249],{"class":83},[20,94065,148],{},[64,94067,94069],{"className":66,"code":94068,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,94070,94071,94080,94088,94096,94104],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94072,94073,94076,94078],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94074,94075],{"class":216},"Count",[73,94077,1063],{"class":83},[73,94079,30124],{"class":116},[73,94081,94082,94084,94086],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,94083,94075],{"class":216},[73,94085,1063],{"class":83},[73,94087,46080],{"class":116},[73,94089,94090,94092,94094],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,94091,94075],{"class":216},[73,94093,1063],{"class":83},[73,94095,3109],{"class":116},[73,94097,94098,94100,94102],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,94099,94075],{"class":216},[73,94101,1063],{"class":83},[73,94103,24173],{"class":116},[73,94105,94106,94108,94110],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,94107,94075],{"class":216},[73,94109,1063],{"class":83},[73,94111,35348],{"class":116},[20,94113,94114],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,94116,94117,94118,94120,94121,62529,94123,653],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,94119,36255],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,94122,37106],{},[646,94124,37113,94126,37116],{"href":94125},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,94127,36255],{},[59,94129,1999,94131],{"id":94130},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,94132,93322],{},[20,94134,171,94135,11108],{},[15,94136,93322],{},[33,94138,94139,94142,94145,94148],{},[36,94140,94141],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[36,94143,94144],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[36,94146,94147],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[36,94149,94150],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,94152,206],{},[64,94154,94156],{"className":66,"code":94155,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,94157,94158,94176,94190,94194],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94159,94160,94162,94164,94166,94168,94170,94172,94174],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94161,4134],{"class":216},[73,94163,221],{"class":220},[73,94165,23069],{"class":87},[73,94167,84],{"class":83},[73,94169,60239],{"class":79},[73,94171,84],{"class":83},[73,94173,688],{"class":116},[73,94175,102],{"class":83},[73,94177,94178,94180,94182,94184,94186,94188],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,94179,4164],{"class":216},[73,94181,653],{"class":83},[73,94183,14064],{"class":245},[73,94185,84],{"class":83},[73,94187,688],{"class":116},[73,94189,249],{"class":83},[73,94191,94192],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,94193,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,94195,94196,94198,94200,94202],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,94197,80],{"class":79},[73,94199,84],{"class":83},[73,94201,4164],{"class":245},[73,94203,249],{"class":83},[20,94205,148],{},[64,94207,94209],{"className":66,"code":94208,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,94210,94211],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94212,94213,94215,94217,94219,94221,94223,94225,94227,94229,94231,94233,94235,94237],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94214,4410],{"class":83},[73,94216,806],{"class":116},[73,94218,140],{"class":83},[73,94220,2085],{"class":116},[73,94222,140],{"class":83},[73,94224,143],{"class":116},[73,94226,140],{"class":83},[73,94228,2982],{"class":116},[73,94230,140],{"class":83},[73,94232,2988],{"class":116},[73,94234,140],{"class":83},[73,94236,5118],{"class":116},[73,94238,924],{"class":83},[20,94240,6572,94241,94243],{},[15,94242,4164],{}," is a list.",[59,94245,16106],{"id":16105},[20,94247,94248,94250,94251,653],{},[15,94249,36705],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[1194,94252,38104],{},[20,94254,2649],{},[33,94256,94257,94259,94264,94269,94272],{},[36,94258,22496],{},[36,94260,94261,94262],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,94263,42855],{},[36,94265,94266,94267],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,94268,940],{},[36,94270,94271],{},"You can index it",[36,94273,94274,94275,94277],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,94276,52891],{}," do not work on it",[20,94279,206],{},[64,94281,94283],{"className":66,"code":94282,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,94284,94285,94299,94303,94317,94331],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94286,94287,94289,94291,94293,94295,94297],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94288,93461],{"class":216},[73,94290,221],{"class":220},[73,94292,54309],{"class":79},[73,94294,84],{"class":83},[73,94296,688],{"class":116},[73,94298,249],{"class":83},[73,94300,94301],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,94302,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,94304,94305,94307,94309,94311,94313,94315],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,94306,80],{"class":79},[73,94308,84],{"class":83},[73,94310,60746],{"class":245},[73,94312,4410],{"class":83},[73,94314,530],{"class":116},[73,94316,4398],{"class":83},[73,94318,94319,94321,94323,94325,94327,94329],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,94320,80],{"class":79},[73,94322,84],{"class":83},[73,94324,11670],{"class":79},[73,94326,84],{"class":83},[73,94328,60746],{"class":245},[73,94330,102],{"class":83},[73,94332,94333,94335,94337,94339,94341,94343],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,94334,80],{"class":79},[73,94336,84],{"class":83},[73,94338,1304],{"class":116},[73,94340,21686],{"class":933},[73,94342,93832],{"class":245},[73,94344,249],{"class":83},[20,94346,148],{},[64,94348,94350],{"className":66,"code":94349,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,94351,94352,94356,94360],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94353,94354],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94355,17567],{"class":116},[73,94357,94358],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,94359,168],{"class":116},[73,94361,94362],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,94363,4490],{"class":484},[20,94365,94366],{},"Now compare that with this:",[64,94368,94370],{"className":66,"code":94369,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,94371,94372,94386],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94373,94374,94376,94378,94380,94382,94384],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94375,93461],{"class":216},[73,94377,221],{"class":220},[73,94379,54309],{"class":79},[73,94381,84],{"class":83},[73,94383,688],{"class":116},[73,94385,249],{"class":83},[73,94387,94388,94390,94392,94394,94396,94398],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,94389,60746],{"class":216},[73,94391,653],{"class":83},[73,94393,14064],{"class":245},[73,94395,84],{"class":83},[73,94397,688],{"class":116},[73,94399,249],{"class":83},[20,94401,148],{},[64,94403,94405],{"className":66,"code":94404,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,94406,94407],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94408,94409,94411,94413,94415,94417,94419,94421,94424,94426,94428],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94410,26182],{"class":87},[73,94412,1063],{"class":83},[73,94414,337],{"class":93},[73,94416,60239],{"class":97},[73,94418,343],{"class":93},[73,94420,25127],{"class":87},[73,94422,94423],{"class":216}," has no attribute ",[73,94425,343],{"class":93},[73,94427,14064],{"class":97},[73,94429,1070],{"class":93},[20,94431,94432,94433,2728,94435,2731,94437,94439],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94434,52891],{},[15,94436,55768],{},[15,94438,64553],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94441,94442,94443,653],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[646,94444,1805,94445],{"href":35925},[15,94446,34762],{},[59,94448,94450],{"id":94449},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94452,94453],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[64,94455,94456],{"className":66,"code":92932,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,94457,94458],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94459,94460,94462,94464,94466,94468,94470],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94461,80],{"class":79},[73,94463,84],{"class":83},[73,94465,60239],{"class":79},[73,94467,84],{"class":83},[73,94469,688],{"class":116},[73,94471,102],{"class":83},[20,94473,94474],{},"to show:",[64,94476,94477],{"className":66,"code":60262,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,94478,94479],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94480,94481,94483,94485,94487,94489,94491,94493,94495,94497,94499,94501],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94482,4410],{"class":83},[73,94484,806],{"class":116},[73,94486,140],{"class":83},[73,94488,2085],{"class":116},[73,94490,140],{"class":83},[73,94492,143],{"class":116},[73,94494,140],{"class":83},[73,94496,2982],{"class":116},[73,94498,140],{"class":83},[73,94500,2988],{"class":116},[73,94502,924],{"class":83},[20,94504,94505],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[64,94507,94508],{"className":66,"code":92953,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,94509,94510],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94511,94512,94514,94516,94518,94520,94522],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94513,60239],{"class":79},[73,94515,84],{"class":83},[73,94517,806],{"class":116},[73,94519,140],{"class":83},[73,94521,5118],{"class":116},[73,94523,249],{"class":83},[20,94525,5141,94526,94528],{},[1194,94527,1196],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94530,94531,94532,94534],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[1194,94533,93340],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94536,94537],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[64,94539,94540],{"className":66,"code":91289,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,94541,94542],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94543,94544,94546,94548,94550,94552,94554,94556,94558],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94545,80],{"class":79},[73,94547,84],{"class":83},[73,94549,8604],{"class":87},[73,94551,84],{"class":83},[73,94553,60239],{"class":79},[73,94555,84],{"class":83},[73,94557,688],{"class":116},[73,94559,1784],{"class":83},[20,94561,148],{},[64,94563,94564],{"className":66,"code":60262,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,94565,94566],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94567,94568,94570,94572,94574,94576,94578,94580,94582,94584,94586,94588],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94569,4410],{"class":83},[73,94571,806],{"class":116},[73,94573,140],{"class":83},[73,94575,2085],{"class":116},[73,94577,140],{"class":83},[73,94579,143],{"class":116},[73,94581,140],{"class":83},[73,94583,2982],{"class":116},[73,94585,140],{"class":83},[73,94587,2988],{"class":116},[73,94589,924],{"class":83},[59,94591,2102],{"id":2101},[20,94593,94594],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[33,94596,94597,94603,94606,94612],{},[36,94598,657,94599,94602],{},[15,94600,94601],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[36,94604,94605],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[36,94607,94608,94609,94611],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94610,36705],{}," is iterable but not a list",[36,94613,657,94614,94616,94617,94619],{},[15,94615,93322],{}," when plain ",[15,94618,36705],{}," would be simpler",[20,94621,94622],{},"These quick checks can help:",[64,94624,94626],{"className":66,"code":94625,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94627,94628,94642,94660,94678,94700,94718],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94629,94630,94632,94634,94636,94638,94640],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94631,80],{"class":79},[73,94633,84],{"class":83},[73,94635,60239],{"class":79},[73,94637,84],{"class":83},[73,94639,688],{"class":116},[73,94641,102],{"class":83},[73,94643,94644,94646,94648,94650,94652,94654,94656,94658],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,94645,80],{"class":79},[73,94647,84],{"class":83},[73,94649,8604],{"class":87},[73,94651,84],{"class":83},[73,94653,60239],{"class":79},[73,94655,84],{"class":83},[73,94657,688],{"class":116},[73,94659,1784],{"class":83},[73,94661,94662,94664,94666,94668,94670,94672,94674,94676],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,94663,80],{"class":79},[73,94665,84],{"class":83},[73,94667,288],{"class":87},[73,94669,84],{"class":83},[73,94671,60239],{"class":79},[73,94673,84],{"class":83},[73,94675,688],{"class":116},[73,94677,1784],{"class":83},[73,94679,94680,94682,94684,94686,94688,94690,94692,94694,94696,94698],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,94681,80],{"class":79},[73,94683,84],{"class":83},[73,94685,288],{"class":87},[73,94687,84],{"class":83},[73,94689,8604],{"class":87},[73,94691,84],{"class":83},[73,94693,60239],{"class":79},[73,94695,84],{"class":83},[73,94697,688],{"class":116},[73,94699,93609],{"class":83},[73,94701,94702,94704,94706,94708,94710,94712,94714,94716],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,94703,80],{"class":79},[73,94705,84],{"class":83},[73,94707,1304],{"class":116},[73,94709,21686],{"class":933},[73,94711,54309],{"class":79},[73,94713,84],{"class":83},[73,94715,688],{"class":116},[73,94717,102],{"class":83},[73,94719,94720,94722,94724,94726,94728,94730,94732,94734],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,94721,80],{"class":79},[73,94723,84],{"class":83},[73,94725,11670],{"class":79},[73,94727,84],{"class":83},[73,94729,60239],{"class":79},[73,94731,84],{"class":83},[73,94733,688],{"class":116},[73,94735,1784],{"class":83},[20,94737,148],{},[64,94739,94741],{"className":66,"code":94740,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94742,94743,94757,94781,94795,94809,94813],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94744,94745,94747,94749,94751,94753,94755],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94746,60239],{"class":79},[73,94748,84],{"class":83},[73,94750,806],{"class":116},[73,94752,140],{"class":83},[73,94754,5118],{"class":116},[73,94756,249],{"class":83},[73,94758,94759,94761,94763,94765,94767,94769,94771,94773,94775,94777,94779],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,94760,4410],{"class":83},[73,94762,806],{"class":116},[73,94764,140],{"class":83},[73,94766,2085],{"class":116},[73,94768,140],{"class":83},[73,94770,143],{"class":116},[73,94772,140],{"class":83},[73,94774,2982],{"class":116},[73,94776,140],{"class":83},[73,94778,2988],{"class":116},[73,94780,924],{"class":83},[73,94782,94783,94785,94787,94789,94791,94793],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,94784,330],{"class":220},[73,94786,334],{"class":333},[73,94788,337],{"class":93},[73,94790,60239],{"class":97},[73,94792,343],{"class":93},[73,94794,346],{"class":220},[73,94796,94797,94799,94801,94803,94805,94807],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,94798,330],{"class":220},[73,94800,334],{"class":333},[73,94802,337],{"class":93},[73,94804,8604],{"class":97},[73,94806,343],{"class":93},[73,94808,346],{"class":220},[73,94810,94811],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,94812,4490],{"class":484},[73,94814,94815],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,94816,168],{"class":116},[59,94818,2350],{"id":2349},[403,94820,15412,94822,94824],{"id":94821},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94823,36705],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94826,2360,94827,94829],{},[15,94828,36705],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[403,94831,94833,94834,11600,94836,3023],{"id":94832},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94835,36705],{},[15,94837,93322],{},[20,94839,94840,94842,94843,94845],{},[15,94841,36705],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94844,93322],{}," creates a full list.",[403,94847,94849],{"id":94848},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94851,94852],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94854,206],{},[64,94856,94858],{"className":66,"code":94857,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94859,94860,94874],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94861,94862,94864,94866,94868,94870,94872],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94863,93461],{"class":216},[73,94865,221],{"class":220},[73,94867,54309],{"class":79},[73,94869,84],{"class":83},[73,94871,688],{"class":116},[73,94873,249],{"class":83},[73,94875,94876,94878,94880,94882,94884,94886],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,94877,80],{"class":79},[73,94879,84],{"class":83},[73,94881,60746],{"class":245},[73,94883,4410],{"class":83},[73,94885,2397],{"class":116},[73,94887,4398],{"class":83},[20,94889,148],{},[64,94891,94892],{"className":66,"code":508,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,94893,94894],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,94895,94896],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,94897,508],{"class":116},[403,94899,2367,94901,94903],{"id":94900},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94902,94601],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94905,94906,94907,94910],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94908,94909],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[403,94912,94914,94915,94917],{"id":94913},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94916,36705],{}," to a list?",[20,94919,94920],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[59,94922,2413],{"id":2412},[33,94924,94925,94931,94937,94944,94950],{},[36,94926,94927],{},[646,94928,13,94929,2422],{"href":93306},[15,94930,36705],{},[36,94932,94933],{},[646,94934,13,94935,2422],{"href":65089},[15,94936,25291],{},[36,94938,94939],{},[646,94940,13,94941,94943],{"href":93759},[15,94942,934],{}," loops explained",[36,94945,94946],{},[646,94947,38025,94948,37116],{"href":94125},[15,94949,36255],{},[36,94951,94952],{},[646,94953,26632,94954],{"href":35925},[15,94955,34762],{},[2459,94957,94958],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":94960},[94961,94962,94963,94965,94967,94969,94971,94972,94973,94974,94985],{"id":4123,"depth":105,"text":4124},{"id":93425,"depth":105,"text":93426},{"id":93657,"depth":105,"text":94964},"What range() gives you",{"id":93870,"depth":105,"text":94966},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93995,"depth":105,"text":94968},"When to use range()",{"id":94130,"depth":105,"text":94970},"When to use list(range())",{"id":16105,"depth":105,"text":16106},{"id":94449,"depth":105,"text":94450},{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":94975},[94976,94978,94980,94981,94983],{"id":94821,"depth":122,"text":94977},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94832,"depth":122,"text":94979},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94848,"depth":122,"text":94849},{"id":94900,"depth":122,"text":94982},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94913,"depth":122,"text":94984},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93312,"description":94986},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94993,"title":94994,"body":94995,"description":96431,"extension":2511,"meta":96432,"navigation":254,"path":96433,"seo":96434,"stem":96435,"__hash__":96436},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94996,"toc":96397},[94997,95003,95008,95011,95025,95028,95030,95069,95071,95084,95092,95097,95113,95116,95118,95120,95141,95158,95161,95220,95222,95241,95246,95252,95255,95289,95291,95304,95307,95352,95354,95377,95384,95390,95393,95434,95436,95450,95453,95511,95513,95528,95541,95547,95553,95618,95620,95639,95641,95659,95662,95666,95672,95674,95707,95709,95722,95732,95735,95796,95798,95819,95822,95824,95840,95845,95849,95854,95859,95915,95917,95935,95938,95983,95985,95993,95998,96002,96016,96018,96050,96052,96061,96063,96067,96076,96079,96111,96113,96125,96128,96132,96137,96178,96180,96188,96191,96214,96218,96220,96229,96232,96285,96287,96296,96300,96305,96316,96318,96327,96330,96336,96339,96345,96355,96363,96370,96372,96394],[10,94998,13,95000,18],{"id":94999},"python-round-function-explained",[15,95001,95002],{},"round()",[20,95004,9629,95005,95007],{},[15,95006,95002],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,95009,95010],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[33,95012,95013,95019],{},[36,95014,95015,95018],{},[15,95016,95017],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[36,95020,95021,95024],{},[15,95022,95023],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,95026,95027],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[59,95029,62],{"id":61},[64,95031,95033],{"className":66,"code":95032,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,95034,95035,95051],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95036,95037,95039,95041,95044,95046,95049],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95038,80],{"class":79},[73,95040,84],{"class":83},[73,95042,95043],{"class":79},"round",[73,95045,84],{"class":83},[73,95047,95048],{"class":116},"3.14159",[73,95050,102],{"class":83},[73,95052,95053,95055,95057,95059,95061,95063,95065,95067],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,95054,80],{"class":79},[73,95056,84],{"class":83},[73,95058,95043],{"class":79},[73,95060,84],{"class":83},[73,95062,95048],{"class":116},[73,95064,140],{"class":83},[73,95066,143],{"class":116},[73,95068,102],{"class":83},[20,95070,148],{},[64,95072,95074],{"className":66,"code":95073,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"3\n3.14\n",[15,95075,95076,95080],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95077,95078],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95079,163],{"class":116},[73,95081,95082],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,95083,40683],{"class":116},[20,95085,171,95086,95088,95089,95091],{},[15,95087,95017],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,95090,95023],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[59,95093,178,95095,181],{"id":95094},"what-round-does",[15,95096,95002],{},[33,95098,95099,95104,95107,95110],{},[36,95100,95101,95103],{},[15,95102,95002],{}," is a built-in Python function",[36,95105,95106],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[36,95108,95109],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[36,95111,95112],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,95114,95115],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[59,95117,370],{"id":369},[20,95119,2700],{},[64,95121,95123],{"className":66,"code":95122,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,95124,95125],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95126,95127,95129,95131,95133,95136,95139],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95128,95043],{"class":79},[73,95130,84],{"class":83},[73,95132,276],{"class":245},[73,95134,95135],{"class":83},"[,",[73,95137,95138],{"class":245}," ndigits",[73,95140,4398],{"class":83},[33,95142,95143,95148,95153],{},[36,95144,95145,95147],{},[15,95146,276],{}," is the value to round",[36,95149,95150,20551],{},[15,95151,95152],{},"ndigits",[36,95154,95155,95157],{},[15,95156,95152],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,95159,95160],{},"Basic examples:",[64,95162,95164],{"className":66,"code":95163,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,95165,95166,95181,95199],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95167,95168,95170,95172,95174,95176,95179],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95169,80],{"class":79},[73,95171,84],{"class":83},[73,95173,95043],{"class":79},[73,95175,84],{"class":83},[73,95177,95178],{"class":116},"7.8",[73,95180,102],{"class":83},[73,95182,95183,95185,95187,95189,95191,95193,95195,95197],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,95184,80],{"class":79},[73,95186,84],{"class":83},[73,95188,95043],{"class":79},[73,95190,84],{"class":83},[73,95192,95178],{"class":116},[73,95194,140],{"class":83},[73,95196,2085],{"class":116},[73,95198,102],{"class":83},[73,95200,95201,95203,95205,95207,95209,95212,95214,95216,95218],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,95202,80],{"class":79},[73,95204,84],{"class":83},[73,95206,95043],{"class":79},[73,95208,84],{"class":83},[73,95210,95211],{"class":116},"1234",[73,95213,140],{"class":83},[73,95215,2759],{"class":220},[73,95217,530],{"class":116},[73,95219,102],{"class":83},[20,95221,148],{},[64,95223,95225],{"className":66,"code":95224,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,95226,95227,95231,95236],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95228,95229],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95230,503],{"class":116},[73,95232,95233],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,95234,95235],{"class":116},"7.8\n",[73,95237,95238],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,95239,95240],{"class":116},"1200\n",[20,95242,95243,95244,653],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[646,95245,2951],{"href":2950},[59,95247,657,95249,95251],{"id":95248},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,95250,95002],{}," with one argument",[20,95253,95254],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[64,95256,95258],{"className":66,"code":95257,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,95259,95260,95274],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95261,95262,95264,95266,95268,95270,95272],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95263,80],{"class":79},[73,95265,84],{"class":83},[73,95267,95043],{"class":79},[73,95269,84],{"class":83},[73,95271,2895],{"class":116},[73,95273,102],{"class":83},[73,95275,95276,95278,95280,95282,95284,95287],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,95277,80],{"class":79},[73,95279,84],{"class":83},[73,95281,95043],{"class":79},[73,95283,84],{"class":83},[73,95285,95286],{"class":116},"4.8",[73,95288,102],{"class":83},[20,95290,148],{},[64,95292,95294],{"className":66,"code":95293,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"4\n5\n",[15,95295,95296,95300],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95297,95298],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95299,2331],{"class":116},[73,95301,95302],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,95303,168],{"class":116},[20,95305,95306],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[64,95308,95310],{"className":66,"code":95309,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,95311,95312,95328,95338],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95313,95314,95316,95318,95321,95323,95326],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95315,2766],{"class":216},[73,95317,221],{"class":220},[73,95319,95320],{"class":79}," round",[73,95322,84],{"class":83},[73,95324,95325],{"class":116},"10.2",[73,95327,249],{"class":83},[73,95329,95330,95332,95334,95336],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,95331,80],{"class":79},[73,95333,84],{"class":83},[73,95335,2800],{"class":245},[73,95337,249],{"class":83},[73,95339,95340,95342,95344,95346,95348,95350],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,95341,80],{"class":79},[73,95343,84],{"class":83},[73,95345,288],{"class":87},[73,95347,84],{"class":83},[73,95349,2800],{"class":245},[73,95351,102],{"class":83},[20,95353,148],{},[64,95355,95357],{"className":66,"code":95356,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,95358,95359,95363],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95360,95361],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95362,498],{"class":116},[73,95364,95365,95367,95369,95371,95373,95375],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,95366,330],{"class":220},[73,95368,334],{"class":333},[73,95370,337],{"class":93},[73,95372,88],{"class":97},[73,95374,343],{"class":93},[73,95376,346],{"class":220},[20,95378,95379,95380,653],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[646,95381,13,95382,2422],{"href":3405},[15,95383,17],{},[59,95385,657,95387,95389],{"id":95386},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,95388,95002],{}," with decimal places",[20,95391,95392],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[64,95394,95396],{"className":66,"code":95395,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,95397,95398,95416],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95399,95400,95402,95404,95406,95408,95410,95412,95414],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95401,80],{"class":79},[73,95403,84],{"class":83},[73,95405,95043],{"class":79},[73,95407,84],{"class":83},[73,95409,95048],{"class":116},[73,95411,140],{"class":83},[73,95413,143],{"class":116},[73,95415,102],{"class":83},[73,95417,95418,95420,95422,95424,95426,95428,95430,95432],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,95419,80],{"class":79},[73,95421,84],{"class":83},[73,95423,95043],{"class":79},[73,95425,84],{"class":83},[73,95427,95048],{"class":116},[73,95429,140],{"class":83},[73,95431,2982],{"class":116},[73,95433,102],{"class":83},[20,95435,148],{},[64,95437,95439],{"className":66,"code":95438,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95440,95441,95445],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95442,95443],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95444,40683],{"class":116},[73,95446,95447],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,95448,95449],{"class":116},"3.142\n",[20,95451,95452],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[64,95454,95456],{"className":66,"code":95455,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95457,95458,95467,95486,95490,95500],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95459,95460,95462,95464],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95461,40893],{"class":216},[73,95463,221],{"class":220},[73,95465,95466],{"class":116}," 19.9876\n",[73,95468,95469,95472,95474,95476,95478,95480,95482,95484],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,95470,95471],{"class":216},"rounded_price ",[73,95473,221],{"class":220},[73,95475,95320],{"class":79},[73,95477,84],{"class":83},[73,95479,25660],{"class":245},[73,95481,140],{"class":83},[73,95483,143],{"class":116},[73,95485,249],{"class":83},[73,95487,95488],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,95489,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,95491,95492,95494,95496,95498],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,95493,80],{"class":79},[73,95495,84],{"class":83},[73,95497,25660],{"class":245},[73,95499,249],{"class":83},[73,95501,95502,95504,95506,95509],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,95503,80],{"class":79},[73,95505,84],{"class":83},[73,95507,95508],{"class":245},"rounded_price",[73,95510,249],{"class":83},[20,95512,148],{},[64,95514,95516],{"className":66,"code":95515,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95517,95518,95523],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95519,95520],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95521,95522],{"class":116},"19.9876\n",[73,95524,95525],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,95526,95527],{"class":116},"19.99\n",[20,95529,95530,95531,95534,95535,3408,95537,653],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95532,95533],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[646,95536,41396],{"href":41395},[646,95538,13,95539,2422],{"href":648},[15,95540,651],{},[59,95542,95544,95545],{"id":95543},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95546,95152],{},[20,95548,95549,95550,95552],{},"A negative ",[15,95551,95152],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[64,95554,95556],{"className":66,"code":95555,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95557,95558,95578,95598],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95559,95560,95562,95564,95566,95568,95570,95572,95574,95576],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95561,80],{"class":79},[73,95563,84],{"class":83},[73,95565,95043],{"class":79},[73,95567,84],{"class":83},[73,95569,95211],{"class":116},[73,95571,140],{"class":83},[73,95573,2759],{"class":220},[73,95575,2397],{"class":116},[73,95577,102],{"class":83},[73,95579,95580,95582,95584,95586,95588,95590,95592,95594,95596],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,95581,80],{"class":79},[73,95583,84],{"class":83},[73,95585,95043],{"class":79},[73,95587,84],{"class":83},[73,95589,95211],{"class":116},[73,95591,140],{"class":83},[73,95593,2759],{"class":220},[73,95595,530],{"class":116},[73,95597,102],{"class":83},[73,95599,95600,95602,95604,95606,95608,95610,95612,95614,95616],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,95601,80],{"class":79},[73,95603,84],{"class":83},[73,95605,95043],{"class":79},[73,95607,84],{"class":83},[73,95609,95211],{"class":116},[73,95611,140],{"class":83},[73,95613,2759],{"class":220},[73,95615,1304],{"class":116},[73,95617,102],{"class":83},[20,95619,148],{},[64,95621,95623],{"className":66,"code":95622,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95624,95625,95630,95634],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95626,95627],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95628,95629],{"class":116},"1230\n",[73,95631,95632],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,95633,95240],{"class":116},[73,95635,95636],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,95637,95638],{"class":116},"1000\n",[20,95640,65826],{},[33,95642,95643,95648,95654],{},[36,95644,95645,95647],{},[15,95646,66096],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[36,95649,95650,95653],{},[15,95651,95652],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[36,95655,95656,95658],{},[15,95657,1312],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95660,95661],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[59,95663,95665],{"id":95664},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95667,95668,95669,653],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95670,95671],{},".5",[20,95673,5985],{},[64,95675,95677],{"className":66,"code":95676,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95678,95679,95693],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95680,95681,95683,95685,95687,95689,95691],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95682,80],{"class":79},[73,95684,84],{"class":83},[73,95686,95043],{"class":79},[73,95688,84],{"class":83},[73,95690,41662],{"class":116},[73,95692,102],{"class":83},[73,95694,95695,95697,95699,95701,95703,95705],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,95696,80],{"class":79},[73,95698,84],{"class":83},[73,95700,95043],{"class":79},[73,95702,84],{"class":83},[73,95704,2586],{"class":116},[73,95706,102],{"class":83},[20,95708,148],{},[64,95710,95712],{"className":66,"code":95711,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"2\n4\n",[15,95713,95714,95718],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95715,95716],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95717,17567],{"class":116},[73,95719,95720],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,95721,2331],{"class":116},[20,95723,95724,95725,95728,95729,95731],{},"Python uses ",[1194,95726,95727],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95730,95671],{}," situations.",[20,95733,95734],{},"More examples:",[64,95736,95738],{"className":66,"code":95737,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95739,95740,95754,95768,95782],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95741,95742,95744,95746,95748,95750,95752],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95743,80],{"class":79},[73,95745,84],{"class":83},[73,95747,95043],{"class":79},[73,95749,84],{"class":83},[73,95751,41675],{"class":116},[73,95753,102],{"class":83},[73,95755,95756,95758,95760,95762,95764,95766],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,95757,80],{"class":79},[73,95759,84],{"class":83},[73,95761,95043],{"class":79},[73,95763,84],{"class":83},[73,95765,41662],{"class":116},[73,95767,102],{"class":83},[73,95769,95770,95772,95774,95776,95778,95780],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,95771,80],{"class":79},[73,95773,84],{"class":83},[73,95775,95043],{"class":79},[73,95777,84],{"class":83},[73,95779,2586],{"class":116},[73,95781,102],{"class":83},[73,95783,95784,95786,95788,95790,95792,95794],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,95785,80],{"class":79},[73,95787,84],{"class":83},[73,95789,95043],{"class":79},[73,95791,84],{"class":83},[73,95793,2157],{"class":116},[73,95795,102],{"class":83},[20,95797,148],{},[64,95799,95801],{"className":66,"code":95800,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95802,95803,95807,95811,95815],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95804,95805],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95806,17567],{"class":116},[73,95808,95809],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,95810,17567],{"class":116},[73,95812,95813],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,95814,2331],{"class":116},[73,95816,95817],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,95818,2331],{"class":116},[20,95820,95821],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95823,11220],{},[33,95825,95826,95833],{},[36,95827,95828,2675,95831],{},[15,95829,95830],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95832,530],{},[36,95834,95835,2675,95838],{},[15,95836,95837],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95839,3036],{},[20,95841,2340,95842,95844],{},[15,95843,95671],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[59,95846,95848],{"id":95847},"return-values","Return values",[20,95850,95851,95853],{},[15,95852,95002],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95855,41410,95856,95858],{},[1194,95857,1196],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[64,95860,95862],{"className":66,"code":95861,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95863,95864,95873,95877,95887,95905],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95865,95866,95868,95870],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95867,2202],{"class":216},[73,95869,221],{"class":220},[73,95871,95872],{"class":116}," 3.14159\n",[73,95874,95875],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,95876,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,95878,95879,95881,95883,95885],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,95880,80],{"class":79},[73,95882,84],{"class":83},[73,95884,967],{"class":245},[73,95886,249],{"class":83},[73,95888,95889,95891,95893,95895,95897,95899,95901,95903],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,95890,80],{"class":79},[73,95892,84],{"class":83},[73,95894,95043],{"class":79},[73,95896,84],{"class":83},[73,95898,967],{"class":245},[73,95900,140],{"class":83},[73,95902,143],{"class":116},[73,95904,102],{"class":83},[73,95906,95907,95909,95911,95913],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,95908,80],{"class":79},[73,95910,84],{"class":83},[73,95912,967],{"class":245},[73,95914,249],{"class":83},[20,95916,148],{},[64,95918,95920],{"className":66,"code":95919,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95921,95922,95927,95931],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95923,95924],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95925,95926],{"class":116},"3.14159\n",[73,95928,95929],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,95930,40683],{"class":116},[73,95932,95933],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,95934,95926],{"class":116},[20,95936,95937],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[64,95939,95941],{"className":66,"code":95940,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95942,95943,95951,95969,95973],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95944,95945,95947,95949],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95946,2202],{"class":216},[73,95948,221],{"class":220},[73,95950,95872],{"class":116},[73,95952,95953,95955,95957,95959,95961,95963,95965,95967],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,95954,2202],{"class":216},[73,95956,221],{"class":220},[73,95958,95320],{"class":79},[73,95960,84],{"class":83},[73,95962,967],{"class":245},[73,95964,140],{"class":83},[73,95966,143],{"class":116},[73,95968,249],{"class":83},[73,95970,95971],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,95972,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,95974,95975,95977,95979,95981],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,95976,80],{"class":79},[73,95978,84],{"class":83},[73,95980,967],{"class":245},[73,95982,249],{"class":83},[20,95984,148],{},[64,95986,95987],{"className":66,"code":40683,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,95988,95989],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,95990,95991],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,95992,40683],{"class":116},[59,95994,1999,95996],{"id":95995},"when-to-use-round",[15,95997,95002],{},[20,95999,171,96000,6829],{},[15,96001,95002],{},[33,96003,96004,96007,96010,96013],{},[36,96005,96006],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[36,96008,96009],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[36,96011,96012],{},"Round values before reporting results",[36,96014,96015],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,96017,5985],{},[64,96019,96021],{"className":66,"code":96020,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,96022,96023,96032],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,96024,96025,96027,96029],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,96026,3128],{"class":216},[73,96028,221],{"class":220},[73,96030,96031],{"class":116}," 12.67891\n",[73,96033,96034,96036,96038,96040,96042,96044,96046,96048],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,96035,80],{"class":79},[73,96037,84],{"class":83},[73,96039,95043],{"class":79},[73,96041,84],{"class":83},[73,96043,3151],{"class":245},[73,96045,140],{"class":83},[73,96047,143],{"class":116},[73,96049,102],{"class":83},[20,96051,148],{},[64,96053,96055],{"className":66,"code":96054,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"12.68\n",[15,96056,96057],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,96058,96059],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,96060,96054],{"class":116},[59,96062,2102],{"id":2101},[20,96064,23604,96065,653],{},[15,96066,95002],{},[403,96068,2300,96070,96072,96073,96075],{"id":96069},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,96071,95002],{}," to always round ",[15,96074,95671],{}," upward",[20,96077,96078],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[64,96080,96081],{"className":66,"code":95676,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,96082,96083,96097],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,96084,96085,96087,96089,96091,96093,96095],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,96086,80],{"class":79},[73,96088,84],{"class":83},[73,96090,95043],{"class":79},[73,96092,84],{"class":83},[73,96094,41662],{"class":116},[73,96096,102],{"class":83},[73,96098,96099,96101,96103,96105,96107,96109],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,96100,80],{"class":79},[73,96102,84],{"class":83},[73,96104,95043],{"class":79},[73,96106,84],{"class":83},[73,96108,2586],{"class":116},[73,96110,102],{"class":83},[20,96112,148],{},[64,96114,96115],{"className":66,"code":95711,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,96116,96117,96121],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,96118,96119],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,96120,17567],{"class":116},[73,96122,96123],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,96124,2331],{"class":116},[20,96126,96127],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[403,96129,96131],{"id":96130},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,96133,96134,96136],{},[15,96135,95002],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[64,96138,96140],{"className":66,"code":96139,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,96141,96142,96150,96164,96168],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,96143,96144,96146,96148],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,96145,2202],{"class":216},[73,96147,221],{"class":220},[73,96149,95872],{"class":116},[73,96151,96152,96154,96156,96158,96160,96162],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,96153,95043],{"class":79},[73,96155,84],{"class":83},[73,96157,967],{"class":245},[73,96159,140],{"class":83},[73,96161,143],{"class":116},[73,96163,249],{"class":83},[73,96165,96166],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,96167,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,96169,96170,96172,96174,96176],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,96171,80],{"class":79},[73,96173,84],{"class":83},[73,96175,967],{"class":245},[73,96177,249],{"class":83},[20,96179,148],{},[64,96181,96182],{"className":66,"code":95926,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,96183,96184],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,96185,96186],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,96187,95926],{"class":116},[20,96189,96190],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[64,96192,96194],{"className":66,"code":96193,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,96195,96196],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,96197,96198,96200,96202,96204,96206,96208,96210,96212],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,96199,2202],{"class":216},[73,96201,221],{"class":220},[73,96203,95320],{"class":79},[73,96205,84],{"class":83},[73,96207,967],{"class":245},[73,96209,140],{"class":83},[73,96211,143],{"class":116},[73,96213,249],{"class":83},[403,96215,96217],{"id":96216},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,96219,16911],{},[64,96221,96223],{"className":66,"code":96222,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,96224,96225],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,96226,96227],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,96228,96222],{"class":769},[20,96230,96231],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[64,96233,96235],{"className":66,"code":96234,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,96236,96237,96249,96263,96267],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,96238,96239,96241,96243,96245,96247],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,96240,217],{"class":216},[73,96242,221],{"class":220},[73,96244,224],{"class":93},[73,96246,896],{"class":97},[73,96248,230],{"class":93},[73,96250,96251,96253,96255,96257,96259,96261],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,96252,235],{"class":216},[73,96254,221],{"class":220},[73,96256,40761],{"class":87},[73,96258,84],{"class":83},[73,96260,246],{"class":245},[73,96262,249],{"class":83},[73,96264,96265],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,96266,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,96268,96269,96271,96273,96275,96277,96279,96281,96283],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,96270,80],{"class":79},[73,96272,84],{"class":83},[73,96274,95043],{"class":79},[73,96276,84],{"class":83},[73,96278,276],{"class":245},[73,96280,140],{"class":83},[73,96282,2085],{"class":116},[73,96284,102],{"class":83},[20,96286,148],{},[64,96288,96290],{"className":66,"code":96289,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"3.1\n",[15,96291,96292],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,96293,96294],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,96295,96289],{"class":116},[403,96297,96299],{"id":96298},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,96301,96302,96304],{},[15,96303,95002],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,96306,96307,96308,3408,96312,653],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[646,96309,96310],{"href":648},[15,96311,651],{},[646,96313,96314],{"href":3405},[15,96315,17],{},[59,96317,2350],{"id":2349},[403,96319,2354,96321,96323,96324,96326],{"id":96320},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,96322,95002],{}," always round ",[15,96325,40720],{}," up?",[20,96328,96329],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[403,96331,2354,96333,96335],{"id":96332},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,96334,95002],{}," change the original number?",[20,96337,96338],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[403,96340,5681,96342,96344],{"id":96341},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,96343,95002],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,96346,96347,96348,96350,96351,3408,96353,653],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,96349,95152],{}," value like ",[15,96352,66096],{},[15,96354,95652],{},[403,96356,28838,96358,96360,96361,3023],{"id":96357},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,96359,95002],{}," on a string like ",[15,96362,1751],{},[20,96364,96365,96366,3408,96368,653],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,96367,651],{},[15,96369,17],{},[59,96371,2413],{"id":2412},[33,96373,96374,96380,96386,96390],{},[36,96375,96376],{},[646,96377,13,96378,2422],{"href":648},[15,96379,651],{},[36,96381,96382],{},[646,96383,13,96384,2422],{"href":3405},[15,96385,17],{},[36,96387,96388],{},[646,96389,2951],{"href":2950},[36,96391,96392],{},[646,96393,42675],{"href":41395},[2459,96395,96396],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":96398},[96399,96400,96402,96403,96405,96407,96409,96410,96411,96413,96420,96430],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":95094,"depth":105,"text":96401},"What round() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":95248,"depth":105,"text":96404},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95386,"depth":105,"text":96406},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95543,"depth":105,"text":96408},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95664,"depth":105,"text":95665},{"id":95847,"depth":105,"text":95848},{"id":95995,"depth":105,"text":96412},"When to use round()",{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102,"children":96414},[96415,96417,96418,96419],{"id":96069,"depth":122,"text":96416},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":96130,"depth":122,"text":96131},{"id":96216,"depth":122,"text":96217},{"id":96298,"depth":122,"text":96299},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":96421},[96422,96424,96426,96428],{"id":96320,"depth":122,"text":96423},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96332,"depth":122,"text":96425},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96341,"depth":122,"text":96427},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96357,"depth":122,"text":96429},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94994,"description":96431},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96438,"title":96439,"body":96440,"description":97625,"extension":2511,"meta":97626,"navigation":254,"path":97627,"seo":97628,"stem":97629,"__hash__":97630},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96441,"toc":97599},[96442,96449,96455,96458,96460,96509,96513,96538,96543,96548,96553,96567,96578,96580,96599,96601,96617,96620,96631,96633,96635,96696,96700,96733,96740,96747,96750,96783,96786,96790,96793,96846,96850,96871,96877,96884,96891,96952,96960,97037,97041,97053,97062,97064,97070,97076,97080,97133,97136,97194,97198,97206,97209,97213,97216,97226,97228,97325,97328,97339,97342,97385,97389,97413,97416,97422,97424,97428,97453,97455,97522,97531,97533,97539,97544,97548,97551,97555,97562,97566,97571,97573,97590,97596],[10,96443,96445,96446,11831],{"id":96444},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,96447,96448],{},"add()",[20,96450,96451,96454],{},[15,96452,96453],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96456,96457],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[59,96459,62],{"id":61},[64,96461,96463],{"className":66,"code":96462,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96464,96465,96485,96499],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,96466,96467,96469,96471,96473,96475,96477,96479,96481,96483],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,96468,4134],{"class":216},[73,96470,221],{"class":220},[73,96472,10997],{"class":83},[73,96474,2397],{"class":116},[73,96476,140],{"class":83},[73,96478,143],{"class":116},[73,96480,140],{"class":83},[73,96482,2982],{"class":116},[73,96484,9814],{"class":83},[73,96486,96487,96489,96491,96493,96495,96497],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,96488,4164],{"class":216},[73,96490,653],{"class":83},[73,96492,82348],{"class":245},[73,96494,84],{"class":83},[73,96496,3036],{"class":116},[73,96498,249],{"class":83},[73,96500,96501,96503,96505,96507],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,96502,80],{"class":79},[73,96504,84],{"class":83},[73,96506,4164],{"class":245},[73,96508,249],{"class":83},[20,96510,96511],{},[1194,96512,148],{},[64,96514,96516],{"className":66,"code":96515,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96517,96518],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,96519,96520,96522,96524,96526,96528,96530,96532,96534,96536],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,96521,999],{"class":83},[73,96523,2397],{"class":116},[73,96525,140],{"class":83},[73,96527,143],{"class":116},[73,96529,140],{"class":83},[73,96531,2982],{"class":116},[73,96533,140],{"class":83},[73,96535,2988],{"class":116},[73,96537,9814],{"class":83},[20,96539,171,96540,96542],{},[15,96541,96448],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[59,96544,178,96546,181],{"id":96545},"what-setadd-does",[15,96547,96453],{},[20,96549,96550,96552],{},[15,96551,96453],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[33,96554,96555,96558,96561,96564],{},[36,96556,96557],{},"Adds one item to a set",[36,96559,96560],{},"Changes the original set in place",[36,96562,96563],{},"Does not return a new set",[36,96565,96566],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96568,96569,96570,3408,96574,653],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[646,96571,96573],{"href":96572},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[646,96575,96577],{"href":96576},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[59,96579,370],{"id":369},[64,96581,96583],{"className":66,"code":96582,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96584,96585],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,96586,96587,96589,96591,96593,96595,96597],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,96588,16176],{"class":216},[73,96590,653],{"class":83},[73,96592,82348],{"class":245},[73,96594,84],{"class":83},[73,96596,23820],{"class":245},[73,96598,249],{"class":83},[20,96600,11968],{},[33,96602,96603,96608,96611],{},[36,96604,56148,96605,96607],{},[15,96606,96448],{}," on an existing set",[36,96609,96610],{},"Pass exactly one item",[36,96612,96613,96614],{},"The item must be ",[1194,96615,96616],{},"hashable",[20,96618,96619],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[33,96621,96622,96624,96626,96629],{},[36,96623,56701],{},[36,96625,56704],{},[36,96627,96628],{},"Tuples",[36,96630,41101],{},[59,96632,11985],{"id":11984},[20,96634,11988],{},[64,96636,96638],{"className":66,"code":96637,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96639,96640,96664,96682,96686],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,96641,96642,96644,96646,96648,96650,96652,96654,96656,96658,96660,96662],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,96643,13586],{"class":216},[73,96645,221],{"class":220},[73,96647,10997],{"class":83},[73,96649,94],{"class":93},[73,96651,13603],{"class":97},[73,96653,94],{"class":93},[73,96655,140],{"class":83},[73,96657,224],{"class":93},[73,96659,13620],{"class":97},[73,96661,94],{"class":93},[73,96663,9814],{"class":83},[73,96665,96666,96668,96670,96672,96674,96676,96678,96680],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,96667,18014],{"class":216},[73,96669,653],{"class":83},[73,96671,82348],{"class":245},[73,96673,84],{"class":83},[73,96675,94],{"class":93},[73,96677,17967],{"class":97},[73,96679,94],{"class":93},[73,96681,249],{"class":83},[73,96683,96684],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,96685,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,96687,96688,96690,96692,96694],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,96689,80],{"class":79},[73,96691,84],{"class":83},[73,96693,18014],{"class":245},[73,96695,249],{"class":83},[20,96697,96698],{},[1194,96699,30536],{},[64,96701,96703],{"className":66,"code":96702,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96704,96705],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,96706,96707,96709,96711,96713,96715,96717,96719,96721,96723,96725,96727,96729,96731],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,96708,999],{"class":83},[73,96710,343],{"class":93},[73,96712,13603],{"class":97},[73,96714,343],{"class":93},[73,96716,140],{"class":83},[73,96718,337],{"class":93},[73,96720,17967],{"class":97},[73,96722,343],{"class":93},[73,96724,140],{"class":83},[73,96726,337],{"class":93},[73,96728,13620],{"class":97},[73,96730,343],{"class":93},[73,96732,9814],{"class":83},[20,96734,96735,96736,96739],{},"The new value ",[15,96737,96738],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96741,96742,96743,96746],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[1194,96744,96745],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96748,96749],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[64,96751,96753],{"className":66,"code":96752,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96754,96755],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,96756,96757,96759,96761,96763,96765,96767,96769,96771,96773,96775,96777,96779,96781],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,96758,999],{"class":83},[73,96760,343],{"class":93},[73,96762,13620],{"class":97},[73,96764,343],{"class":93},[73,96766,140],{"class":83},[73,96768,337],{"class":93},[73,96770,13603],{"class":97},[73,96772,343],{"class":93},[73,96774,140],{"class":83},[73,96776,337],{"class":93},[73,96778,17967],{"class":97},[73,96780,343],{"class":93},[73,96782,9814],{"class":83},[20,96784,96785],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[59,96787,96789],{"id":96788},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96791,96792],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[64,96794,96796],{"className":66,"code":96795,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96797,96798,96818,96832,96836],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,96799,96800,96802,96804,96806,96808,96810,96812,96814,96816],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,96801,4134],{"class":216},[73,96803,221],{"class":220},[73,96805,10997],{"class":83},[73,96807,2397],{"class":116},[73,96809,140],{"class":83},[73,96811,143],{"class":116},[73,96813,140],{"class":83},[73,96815,2982],{"class":116},[73,96817,9814],{"class":83},[73,96819,96820,96822,96824,96826,96828,96830],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,96821,4164],{"class":216},[73,96823,653],{"class":83},[73,96825,82348],{"class":245},[73,96827,84],{"class":83},[73,96829,530],{"class":116},[73,96831,249],{"class":83},[73,96833,96834],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,96835,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,96837,96838,96840,96842,96844],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,96839,80],{"class":79},[73,96841,84],{"class":83},[73,96843,4164],{"class":245},[73,96845,249],{"class":83},[20,96847,96848],{},[1194,96849,148],{},[64,96851,96853],{"className":66,"code":96852,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96854,96855],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,96856,96857,96859,96861,96863,96865,96867,96869],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,96858,999],{"class":83},[73,96860,2397],{"class":116},[73,96862,140],{"class":83},[73,96864,143],{"class":116},[73,96866,140],{"class":83},[73,96868,2982],{"class":116},[73,96870,9814],{"class":83},[20,96872,96873,96874,96876],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96875,530],{}," was already present.",[59,96878,96880,11092,96882],{"id":96879},"add-vs-update",[15,96881,96448],{},[15,96883,15463],{},[20,96885,171,96886,96888,96889,653],{},[15,96887,96448],{}," when you want to add ",[1194,96890,52895],{},[64,96892,96894],{"className":66,"code":96893,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96895,96896,96920,96938,96942],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,96897,96898,96900,96902,96904,96906,96908,96910,96912,96914,96916,96918],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,96899,36597],{"class":216},[73,96901,221],{"class":220},[73,96903,10997],{"class":83},[73,96905,94],{"class":93},[73,96907,646],{"class":97},[73,96909,94],{"class":93},[73,96911,140],{"class":83},[73,96913,224],{"class":93},[73,96915,5274],{"class":97},[73,96917,94],{"class":93},[73,96919,9814],{"class":83},[73,96921,96922,96924,96926,96928,96930,96932,96934,96936],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,96923,36650],{"class":216},[73,96925,653],{"class":83},[73,96927,82348],{"class":245},[73,96929,84],{"class":83},[73,96931,94],{"class":93},[73,96933,10245],{"class":97},[73,96935,94],{"class":93},[73,96937,249],{"class":83},[73,96939,96940],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,96941,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,96943,96944,96946,96948,96950],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,96945,80],{"class":79},[73,96947,84],{"class":83},[73,96949,36650],{"class":245},[73,96951,249],{"class":83},[20,96953,171,96954,96888,96956,96959],{},[15,96955,15463],{},[1194,96957,96958],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[64,96961,96963],{"className":66,"code":96962,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96964,96965,96989,97023,97027],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,96966,96967,96969,96971,96973,96975,96977,96979,96981,96983,96985,96987],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,96968,36597],{"class":216},[73,96970,221],{"class":220},[73,96972,10997],{"class":83},[73,96974,94],{"class":93},[73,96976,646],{"class":97},[73,96978,94],{"class":93},[73,96980,140],{"class":83},[73,96982,224],{"class":93},[73,96984,5274],{"class":97},[73,96986,94],{"class":93},[73,96988,9814],{"class":83},[73,96990,96991,96993,96995,96997,96999,97001,97003,97005,97007,97009,97011,97013,97015,97017,97019,97021],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,96992,36650],{"class":216},[73,96994,653],{"class":83},[73,96996,30970],{"class":245},[73,96998,3510],{"class":83},[73,97000,94],{"class":93},[73,97002,10245],{"class":97},[73,97004,94],{"class":93},[73,97006,140],{"class":83},[73,97008,224],{"class":93},[73,97010,19280],{"class":97},[73,97012,94],{"class":93},[73,97014,140],{"class":83},[73,97016,224],{"class":93},[73,97018,60688],{"class":97},[73,97020,94],{"class":93},[73,97022,4398],{"class":83},[73,97024,97025],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,97026,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,97028,97029,97031,97033,97035],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,97030,80],{"class":79},[73,97032,84],{"class":83},[73,97034,36650],{"class":245},[73,97036,249],{"class":83},[403,97038,97040],{"id":97039},"key-difference","Key difference",[33,97042,97043,97048],{},[36,97044,97045,97047],{},[15,97046,96448],{}," adds one item",[36,97049,97050,97052],{},[15,97051,15463],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,97054,97055,97056,653],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[646,97057,97059,97060,11248],{"href":97058},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,97061,15463],{},[59,97063,17930],{"id":17929},[20,97065,97066,2928,97068,653],{},[15,97067,96453],{},[15,97069,1842],{},[20,97071,97072,97073,97075],{},"That means you should ",[1194,97074,1196],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[403,97077,97079],{"id":97078},"correct","Correct",[64,97081,97083],{"className":66,"code":97082,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97084,97085,97105,97119,97123],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,97086,97087,97089,97091,97093,97095,97097,97099,97101,97103],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,97088,16138],{"class":216},[73,97090,221],{"class":220},[73,97092,10997],{"class":83},[73,97094,2397],{"class":116},[73,97096,140],{"class":83},[73,97098,143],{"class":116},[73,97100,140],{"class":83},[73,97102,2982],{"class":116},[73,97104,9814],{"class":83},[73,97106,97107,97109,97111,97113,97115,97117],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,97108,16176],{"class":216},[73,97110,653],{"class":83},[73,97112,82348],{"class":245},[73,97114,84],{"class":83},[73,97116,3036],{"class":116},[73,97118,249],{"class":83},[73,97120,97121],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,97122,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,97124,97125,97127,97129,97131],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,97126,80],{"class":79},[73,97128,84],{"class":83},[73,97130,16176],{"class":245},[73,97132,249],{"class":83},[403,97134,97135],{"id":62010},"Wrong",[64,97137,97139],{"className":66,"code":97138,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97140,97141,97161,97180,97184],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,97142,97143,97145,97147,97149,97151,97153,97155,97157,97159],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,97144,16138],{"class":216},[73,97146,221],{"class":220},[73,97148,10997],{"class":83},[73,97150,2397],{"class":116},[73,97152,140],{"class":83},[73,97154,143],{"class":116},[73,97156,140],{"class":83},[73,97158,2982],{"class":116},[73,97160,9814],{"class":83},[73,97162,97163,97165,97167,97170,97172,97174,97176,97178],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,97164,16138],{"class":216},[73,97166,221],{"class":220},[73,97168,97169],{"class":216}," my_set",[73,97171,653],{"class":83},[73,97173,82348],{"class":245},[73,97175,84],{"class":83},[73,97177,3036],{"class":116},[73,97179,249],{"class":83},[73,97181,97182],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,97183,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,97185,97186,97188,97190,97192],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,97187,80],{"class":79},[73,97189,84],{"class":83},[73,97191,16176],{"class":245},[73,97193,249],{"class":83},[20,97195,97196],{},[1194,97197,148],{},[64,97199,97200],{"className":66,"code":12319,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,97201,97202],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,97203,97204],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,97205,12319],{"class":484},[20,97207,97208],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[59,97210,97212],{"id":97211},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,97214,97215],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[33,97217,97218,97220,97222,97224],{},[36,97219,56701],{},[36,97221,56704],{},[36,97223,96628],{},[36,97225,41101],{},[20,97227,206],{},[64,97229,97231],{"className":66,"code":97230,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,97232,97233,97243,97247,97261,97279,97297,97311,97315],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,97234,97235,97237,97239,97241],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,97236,8289],{"class":216},[73,97238,221],{"class":220},[73,97240,16143],{"class":87},[73,97242,9151],{"class":83},[73,97244,97245],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,97246,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,97248,97249,97251,97253,97255,97257,97259],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,97250,8320],{"class":216},[73,97252,653],{"class":83},[73,97254,82348],{"class":245},[73,97256,84],{"class":83},[73,97258,452],{"class":116},[73,97260,249],{"class":83},[73,97262,97263,97265,97267,97269,97271,97273,97275,97277],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,97264,8320],{"class":216},[73,97266,653],{"class":83},[73,97268,82348],{"class":245},[73,97270,84],{"class":83},[73,97272,94],{"class":93},[73,97274,4357],{"class":97},[73,97276,94],{"class":93},[73,97278,249],{"class":83},[73,97280,97281,97283,97285,97287,97289,97291,97293,97295],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,97282,8320],{"class":216},[73,97284,653],{"class":83},[73,97286,82348],{"class":245},[73,97288,6023],{"class":83},[73,97290,2397],{"class":116},[73,97292,140],{"class":83},[73,97294,143],{"class":116},[73,97296,102],{"class":83},[73,97298,97299,97301,97303,97305,97307,97309],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,97300,8320],{"class":216},[73,97302,653],{"class":83},[73,97304,82348],{"class":245},[73,97306,84],{"class":83},[73,97308,430],{"class":484},[73,97310,249],{"class":83},[73,97312,97313],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,97314,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,97316,97317,97319,97321,97323],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,97318,80],{"class":79},[73,97320,84],{"class":83},[73,97322,8320],{"class":245},[73,97324,249],{"class":83},[20,97326,97327],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[33,97329,97330,97333,97336],{},[36,97331,97332],{},"Lists",[36,97334,97335],{},"Dictionaries",[36,97337,97338],{},"Sets",[20,97340,97341],{},"Example that causes an error:",[64,97343,97345],{"className":66,"code":97344,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,97346,97347,97367],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,97348,97349,97351,97353,97355,97357,97359,97361,97363,97365],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,97350,8289],{"class":216},[73,97352,221],{"class":220},[73,97354,10997],{"class":83},[73,97356,2397],{"class":116},[73,97358,140],{"class":83},[73,97360,143],{"class":116},[73,97362,140],{"class":83},[73,97364,2982],{"class":116},[73,97366,9814],{"class":83},[73,97368,97369,97371,97373,97375,97377,97379,97381,97383],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,97370,8320],{"class":216},[73,97372,653],{"class":83},[73,97374,82348],{"class":245},[73,97376,3510],{"class":83},[73,97378,3036],{"class":116},[73,97380,140],{"class":83},[73,97382,5118],{"class":116},[73,97384,4398],{"class":83},[20,97386,97387],{},[1194,97388,30190],{},[64,97390,97392],{"className":66,"code":97391,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,97393,97394],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,97395,97396,97398,97400,97403,97405,97407,97409,97411],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,97397,1630],{"class":87},[73,97399,1063],{"class":83},[73,97401,97402],{"class":216}," unhashable ",[73,97404,288],{"class":87},[73,97406,1063],{"class":83},[73,97408,337],{"class":93},[73,97410,8604],{"class":97},[73,97412,1070],{"class":93},[20,97414,97415],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,97417,97418,97419,653],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97420,97421],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[59,97423,2102],{"id":2101},[20,97425,2105,97426,1063],{},[15,97427,96453],{},[33,97429,97430,97435,97440,97443,97450],{},[36,97431,657,97432,97434],{},[15,97433,96448],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[36,97436,2300,97437,97439],{},[15,97438,96448],{}," to return the updated set",[36,97441,97442],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[36,97444,37711,97445,97447,97448],{},[15,97446,96453],{}," with list ",[15,97449,52891],{},[36,97451,97452],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97454,71748],{},[64,97456,97458],{"className":66,"code":97457,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97459,97460,97470,97484,97494,97508],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,97461,97462,97464,97466,97468],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,97463,80],{"class":79},[73,97465,84],{"class":83},[73,97467,16176],{"class":245},[73,97469,249],{"class":83},[73,97471,97472,97474,97476,97478,97480,97482],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,97473,80],{"class":79},[73,97475,84],{"class":83},[73,97477,288],{"class":87},[73,97479,84],{"class":83},[73,97481,16176],{"class":245},[73,97483,102],{"class":83},[73,97485,97486,97488,97490,97492],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,97487,80],{"class":79},[73,97489,84],{"class":83},[73,97491,967],{"class":245},[73,97493,249],{"class":83},[73,97495,97496,97498,97500,97502,97504,97506],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,97497,80],{"class":79},[73,97499,84],{"class":83},[73,97501,288],{"class":87},[73,97503,84],{"class":83},[73,97505,967],{"class":245},[73,97507,102],{"class":83},[73,97509,97510,97512,97514,97516,97518,97520],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,97511,32659],{"class":79},[73,97513,84],{"class":83},[73,97515,6798],{"class":87},[73,97517,653],{"class":83},[73,97519,82348],{"class":25260},[73,97521,249],{"class":83},[20,97523,97524,97525,97527,97528,653],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97526,96453],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[646,97529,53288],{"href":97530},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[59,97532,2350],{"id":2349},[403,97534,2354,97536,97538],{"id":97535},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97537,96453],{}," return a new set?",[20,97540,97541,97542,653],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97543,1842],{},[403,97545,97547],{"id":97546},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97549,97550],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[403,97552,97554],{"id":97553},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97556,171,97557,11600,97560,653],{},[15,97558,97559],{},"set.update()",[15,97561,96448],{},[403,97563,97565],{"id":97564},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97567,97568,97569,653],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97570,1630],{},[59,97572,2413],{"id":2412},[33,97574,97575,97579,97584],{},[36,97576,97577],{},[646,97578,96573],{"href":96572},[36,97580,97581],{},[646,97582,97583],{"href":96576},"How to create a set in Python",[36,97585,97586],{},[646,97587,97059,97588,11248],{"href":97058},[15,97589,15463],{},[20,97591,97592,97593,97595],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97594,96448],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2459,97597,97598],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":97600},[97601,97602,97604,97605,97606,97607,97611,97615,97616,97617,97624],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":96545,"depth":105,"text":97603},"What set.add() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":11984,"depth":105,"text":11985},{"id":96788,"depth":105,"text":96789},{"id":96879,"depth":105,"text":97608,"children":97609},"add() vs update()",[97610],{"id":97039,"depth":122,"text":97040},{"id":17929,"depth":105,"text":17930,"children":97612},[97613,97614],{"id":97078,"depth":122,"text":97079},{"id":62010,"depth":122,"text":97135},{"id":97211,"depth":105,"text":97212},{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":97618},[97619,97621,97622,97623],{"id":97535,"depth":122,"text":97620},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97546,"depth":122,"text":97547},{"id":97553,"depth":122,"text":97554},{"id":97564,"depth":122,"text":97565},{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96439,"description":97625},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97632,"title":97633,"body":97634,"description":98803,"extension":2511,"meta":98804,"navigation":254,"path":98805,"seo":98806,"stem":98807,"__hash__":98808},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97635,"toc":98770},[97636,97641,97647,97654,97699,97701,97712,97717,97722,97726,97740,97745,97747,97749,97764,97766,97780,97782,97784,97849,97851,97861,97863,97881,97887,97894,97899,97973,97975,97992,97998,98003,98074,98076,98103,98120,98123,98129,98131,98138,98142,98209,98211,98226,98229,98282,98284,98292,98304,98306,98310,98315,98317,98366,98368,98376,98378,98423,98425,98435,98441,98449,98462,98468,98470,98499,98501,98519,98523,98526,98557,98559,98577,98581,98656,98658,98674,98681,98683,98688,98693,98699,98702,98706,98714,98721,98729,98731,98767],[10,97637,96445,97639,11831],{"id":97638},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97640,11830],{},[20,97642,97643,97646],{},[15,97644,97645],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97648,97649,97650,97653],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[1194,97651,97652],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[64,97655,97657],{"className":66,"code":97656,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97658,97659,97679,97689],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,97660,97661,97663,97665,97667,97669,97671,97673,97675,97677],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,97662,4134],{"class":216},[73,97664,221],{"class":220},[73,97666,10997],{"class":83},[73,97668,2397],{"class":116},[73,97670,140],{"class":83},[73,97672,143],{"class":116},[73,97674,140],{"class":83},[73,97676,2982],{"class":116},[73,97678,9814],{"class":83},[73,97680,97681,97683,97685,97687],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,97682,4164],{"class":216},[73,97684,653],{"class":83},[73,97686,11892],{"class":245},[73,97688,9151],{"class":83},[73,97690,97691,97693,97695,97697],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,97692,80],{"class":79},[73,97694,84],{"class":83},[73,97696,4164],{"class":245},[73,97698,249],{"class":83},[20,97700,148],{},[64,97702,97704],{"className":66,"code":97703,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set()\n",[15,97705,97706],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,97707,97708,97710],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,97709,6798],{"class":87},[73,97711,9151],{"class":83},[20,97713,97714,97716],{},[15,97715,11830],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[59,97718,178,97720,181],{"id":97719},"what-setclear-does",[15,97721,97645],{},[20,97723,1580,97724,11922],{},[15,97725,11830],{},[33,97727,97728,97731,97733,97737],{},[36,97729,97730],{},"Removes every item from a set",[36,97732,96560],{},[36,97734,11933,97735],{},[15,97736,1842],{},[36,97738,97739],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97741,96569,97742,71847],{},[646,97743,96573],{"href":97744},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[59,97746,370],{"id":369},[20,97748,54686],{},[64,97750,97752],{"className":66,"code":97751,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97753,97754],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,97755,97756,97758,97760,97762],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,97757,16176],{"class":216},[73,97759,653],{"class":83},[73,97761,11892],{"class":245},[73,97763,9151],{"class":83},[20,97765,189],{},[33,97767,97768,97771,97774,97777],{},[36,97769,97770],{},"It takes no arguments",[36,97772,97773],{},"It empties the set",[36,97775,97776],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[36,97778,97779],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[59,97781,11985],{"id":11984},[20,97783,11988],{},[64,97785,97787],{"className":66,"code":97786,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97788,97789,97821,97825,97835,97839],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,97790,97791,97793,97795,97797,97799,97801,97803,97805,97807,97809,97811,97813,97815,97817,97819],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,97792,13586],{"class":216},[73,97794,221],{"class":220},[73,97796,10997],{"class":83},[73,97798,94],{"class":93},[73,97800,13603],{"class":97},[73,97802,94],{"class":93},[73,97804,140],{"class":83},[73,97806,224],{"class":93},[73,97808,17967],{"class":97},[73,97810,94],{"class":93},[73,97812,140],{"class":83},[73,97814,224],{"class":93},[73,97816,13620],{"class":97},[73,97818,94],{"class":93},[73,97820,9814],{"class":83},[73,97822,97823],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,97824,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,97826,97827,97829,97831,97833],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,97828,18014],{"class":216},[73,97830,653],{"class":83},[73,97832,11892],{"class":245},[73,97834,9151],{"class":83},[73,97836,97837],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,97838,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,97840,97841,97843,97845,97847],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,97842,80],{"class":79},[73,97844,84],{"class":83},[73,97846,18014],{"class":245},[73,97848,249],{"class":83},[20,97850,148],{},[64,97852,97853],{"className":66,"code":97703,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,97854,97855],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,97856,97857,97859],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,97858,6798],{"class":87},[73,97860,9151],{"class":83},[20,97862,12194],{},[33,97864,97865,97870,97875],{},[36,97866,97867,97869],{},[15,97868,18014],{}," starts with three values",[36,97871,97872,12207],{},[15,97873,97874],{},"colors.clear()",[36,97876,97877,97878,97880],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97879,4310],{},", which means an empty set",[59,97882,97884,97886],{"id":97883},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97885,11830],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97888,97889,1647,97891,97893],{},[15,97890,11830],{},[15,97892,4310],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[403,97895,657,97897],{"id":97896},"using-clear",[15,97898,11830],{},[64,97900,97902],{"className":66,"code":97901,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97903,97904,97924,97934,97938,97948,97952,97962],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,97905,97906,97908,97910,97912,97914,97916,97918,97920,97922],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,97907,8289],{"class":216},[73,97909,221],{"class":220},[73,97911,10997],{"class":83},[73,97913,2397],{"class":116},[73,97915,140],{"class":83},[73,97917,143],{"class":116},[73,97919,140],{"class":83},[73,97921,2982],{"class":116},[73,97923,9814],{"class":83},[73,97925,97926,97929,97931],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,97927,97928],{"class":216},"other_name ",[73,97930,221],{"class":220},[73,97932,97933],{"class":216}," items\n",[73,97935,97936],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,97937,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,97939,97940,97942,97944,97946],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,97941,8320],{"class":216},[73,97943,653],{"class":83},[73,97945,11892],{"class":245},[73,97947,9151],{"class":83},[73,97949,97950],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,97951,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,97953,97954,97956,97958,97960],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,97955,80],{"class":79},[73,97957,84],{"class":83},[73,97959,8320],{"class":245},[73,97961,249],{"class":83},[73,97963,97964,97966,97968,97971],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,97965,80],{"class":79},[73,97967,84],{"class":83},[73,97969,97970],{"class":245},"other_name",[73,97972,249],{"class":83},[20,97974,148],{},[64,97976,97978],{"className":66,"code":97977,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97979,97980,97986],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,97981,97982,97984],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,97983,6798],{"class":87},[73,97985,9151],{"class":83},[73,97987,97988,97990],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,97989,6798],{"class":87},[73,97991,9151],{"class":83},[20,97993,97994,97995,653],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[1194,97996,97997],{},"same set object",[403,97999,657,98001],{"id":98000},"using-set",[15,98002,4310],{},[64,98004,98006],{"className":66,"code":98005,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,98007,98008,98028,98036,98040,98050,98054,98064],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98009,98010,98012,98014,98016,98018,98020,98022,98024,98026],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98011,8289],{"class":216},[73,98013,221],{"class":220},[73,98015,10997],{"class":83},[73,98017,2397],{"class":116},[73,98019,140],{"class":83},[73,98021,143],{"class":116},[73,98023,140],{"class":83},[73,98025,2982],{"class":116},[73,98027,9814],{"class":83},[73,98029,98030,98032,98034],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,98031,97928],{"class":216},[73,98033,221],{"class":220},[73,98035,97933],{"class":216},[73,98037,98038],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,98039,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,98041,98042,98044,98046,98048],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,98043,8289],{"class":216},[73,98045,221],{"class":220},[73,98047,16143],{"class":87},[73,98049,9151],{"class":83},[73,98051,98052],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,98053,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,98055,98056,98058,98060,98062],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,98057,80],{"class":79},[73,98059,84],{"class":83},[73,98061,8320],{"class":245},[73,98063,249],{"class":83},[73,98065,98066,98068,98070,98072],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,98067,80],{"class":79},[73,98069,84],{"class":83},[73,98071,97970],{"class":245},[73,98073,249],{"class":83},[20,98075,148],{},[64,98077,98079],{"className":66,"code":98078,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,98080,98081,98087],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98082,98083,98085],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98084,6798],{"class":87},[73,98086,9151],{"class":83},[73,98088,98089,98091,98093,98095,98097,98099,98101],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,98090,999],{"class":83},[73,98092,2397],{"class":116},[73,98094,140],{"class":83},[73,98096,143],{"class":116},[73,98098,140],{"class":83},[73,98100,2982],{"class":116},[73,98102,9814],{"class":83},[20,98104,21283,98105,93337,98108,98111,98112,653,98114,98116,98117,98119],{},[15,98106,98107],{},"items = set()",[1194,98109,98110],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,98113,8320],{},[10352,98115],{},"\nBut ",[15,98118,97970],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,98121,98122],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,98124,98125,98126,653],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[646,98127,96577],{"href":98128},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[59,98130,17930],{"id":17929},[20,98132,98133,1192,98135,98137],{},[15,98134,11830],{},[1194,98136,1196],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,98139,2394,98140,653],{},[15,98141,1842],{},[64,98143,98145],{"className":66,"code":98144,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98146,98147,98167,98171,98185,98189,98199],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98148,98149,98151,98153,98155,98157,98159,98161,98163,98165],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98150,4134],{"class":216},[73,98152,221],{"class":220},[73,98154,10997],{"class":83},[73,98156,2397],{"class":116},[73,98158,140],{"class":83},[73,98160,143],{"class":116},[73,98162,140],{"class":83},[73,98164,2982],{"class":116},[73,98166,9814],{"class":83},[73,98168,98169],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,98170,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,98172,98173,98175,98177,98179,98181,98183],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,98174,2766],{"class":216},[73,98176,221],{"class":220},[73,98178,4775],{"class":216},[73,98180,653],{"class":83},[73,98182,11892],{"class":245},[73,98184,9151],{"class":83},[73,98186,98187],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,98188,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,98190,98191,98193,98195,98197],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,98192,80],{"class":79},[73,98194,84],{"class":83},[73,98196,2800],{"class":245},[73,98198,249],{"class":83},[73,98200,98201,98203,98205,98207],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,98202,80],{"class":79},[73,98204,84],{"class":83},[73,98206,4164],{"class":245},[73,98208,249],{"class":83},[20,98210,148],{},[64,98212,98214],{"className":66,"code":98213,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"None\nset()\n",[15,98215,98216,98220],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98217,98218],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98219,12319],{"class":484},[73,98221,98222,98224],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,98223,6798],{"class":87},[73,98225,9151],{"class":83},[20,98227,98228],{},"Do not do this:",[64,98230,98232],{"className":66,"code":98231,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98233,98234,98254,98268,98272],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98235,98236,98238,98240,98242,98244,98246,98248,98250,98252],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98237,4134],{"class":216},[73,98239,221],{"class":220},[73,98241,10997],{"class":83},[73,98243,2397],{"class":116},[73,98245,140],{"class":83},[73,98247,143],{"class":116},[73,98249,140],{"class":83},[73,98251,2982],{"class":116},[73,98253,9814],{"class":83},[73,98255,98256,98258,98260,98262,98264,98266],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,98257,4134],{"class":216},[73,98259,221],{"class":220},[73,98261,4775],{"class":216},[73,98263,653],{"class":83},[73,98265,11892],{"class":245},[73,98267,9151],{"class":83},[73,98269,98270],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,98271,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,98273,98274,98276,98278,98280],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,98275,80],{"class":79},[73,98277,84],{"class":83},[73,98279,4164],{"class":245},[73,98281,249],{"class":83},[20,98283,148],{},[64,98285,98286],{"className":66,"code":12319,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,98287,98288],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98289,98290],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98291,12319],{"class":484},[20,98293,22700,98294,2928,98296,98298,98299,98301,98302,653],{},[15,98295,54799],{},[15,98297,1842],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,98300,1842],{}," back to ",[15,98303,4164],{},[59,98305,5031],{"id":5030},[20,98307,11255,98308,653],{},[15,98309,97645],{},[403,98311,13106,98313],{"id":98312},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,98314,11830],{},[20,98316,17154],{},[64,98318,98320],{"className":66,"code":98319,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98321,98322,98342,98356],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98323,98324,98326,98328,98330,98332,98334,98336,98338,98340],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98325,16138],{"class":216},[73,98327,221],{"class":220},[73,98329,10997],{"class":83},[73,98331,2397],{"class":116},[73,98333,140],{"class":83},[73,98335,143],{"class":116},[73,98337,140],{"class":83},[73,98339,2982],{"class":116},[73,98341,9814],{"class":83},[73,98343,98344,98346,98348,98350,98352,98354],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,98345,16138],{"class":216},[73,98347,221],{"class":220},[73,98349,97169],{"class":216},[73,98351,653],{"class":83},[73,98353,11892],{"class":245},[73,98355,9151],{"class":83},[73,98357,98358,98360,98362,98364],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,98359,80],{"class":79},[73,98361,84],{"class":83},[73,98363,16176],{"class":245},[73,98365,249],{"class":83},[20,98367,148],{},[64,98369,98370],{"className":66,"code":12319,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,98371,98372],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98373,98374],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98375,12319],{"class":484},[20,98377,17166],{},[64,98379,98381],{"className":66,"code":98380,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98382,98383,98403,98413],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98384,98385,98387,98389,98391,98393,98395,98397,98399,98401],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98386,16138],{"class":216},[73,98388,221],{"class":220},[73,98390,10997],{"class":83},[73,98392,2397],{"class":116},[73,98394,140],{"class":83},[73,98396,143],{"class":116},[73,98398,140],{"class":83},[73,98400,2982],{"class":116},[73,98402,9814],{"class":83},[73,98404,98405,98407,98409,98411],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,98406,16176],{"class":216},[73,98408,653],{"class":83},[73,98410,11892],{"class":245},[73,98412,9151],{"class":83},[73,98414,98415,98417,98419,98421],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,98416,80],{"class":79},[73,98418,84],{"class":83},[73,98420,16176],{"class":245},[73,98422,249],{"class":83},[20,98424,148],{},[64,98426,98427],{"className":66,"code":97703,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,98428,98429],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98430,98431,98433],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98432,6798],{"class":87},[73,98434,9151],{"class":83},[403,98436,2300,98438,98440],{"id":98437},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98439,11830],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98442,98443,98445,98446,98448],{},[15,98444,11830],{}," removes ",[1194,98447,4230],{}," items from the set.",[20,98450,98451,98452,3408,98457,653],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[646,98453,98455],{"href":98454},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98456,55768],{},[646,98458,98460],{"href":98459},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98461,13273],{},[403,98463,657,98465,98467],{"id":98464},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98466,4305],{}," for an empty set",[20,98469,26200],{},[64,98471,98473],{"className":66,"code":98472,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98474,98475,98484],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98476,98477,98480,98482],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98478,98479],{"class":216},"empty_value ",[73,98481,221],{"class":220},[73,98483,10344],{"class":83},[73,98485,98486,98488,98490,98492,98494,98497],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,98487,80],{"class":79},[73,98489,84],{"class":83},[73,98491,288],{"class":87},[73,98493,84],{"class":83},[73,98495,98496],{"class":245},"empty_value",[73,98498,102],{"class":83},[20,98500,148],{},[64,98502,98503],{"className":66,"code":9317,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,98504,98505],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98506,98507,98509,98511,98513,98515,98517],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98508,330],{"class":220},[73,98510,334],{"class":333},[73,98512,337],{"class":93},[73,98514,9330],{"class":97},[73,98516,343],{"class":93},[73,98518,346],{"class":220},[20,98520,98521,9297],{},[15,98522,4305],{},[20,98524,98525],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[64,98527,98529],{"className":66,"code":98528,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98530,98531,98542],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98532,98533,98536,98538,98540],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98534,98535],{"class":216},"empty_set ",[73,98537,221],{"class":220},[73,98539,16143],{"class":87},[73,98541,9151],{"class":83},[73,98543,98544,98546,98548,98550,98552,98555],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,98545,80],{"class":79},[73,98547,84],{"class":83},[73,98549,288],{"class":87},[73,98551,84],{"class":83},[73,98553,98554],{"class":245},"empty_set",[73,98556,102],{"class":83},[20,98558,148],{},[64,98560,98561],{"className":66,"code":9361,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,98562,98563],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98564,98565,98567,98569,98571,98573,98575],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98566,330],{"class":220},[73,98568,334],{"class":333},[73,98570,337],{"class":93},[73,98572,6798],{"class":97},[73,98574,343],{"class":93},[73,98576,346],{"class":220},[403,98578,98580],{"id":98579},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[64,98582,98584],{"className":66,"code":98583,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98585,98586,98610,98618,98622,98632,98636,98646],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98587,98588,98590,98592,98594,98596,98598,98600,98602,98604,98606,98608],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98589,3086],{"class":216},[73,98591,221],{"class":220},[73,98593,10997],{"class":83},[73,98595,94],{"class":93},[73,98597,384],{"class":97},[73,98599,94],{"class":93},[73,98601,140],{"class":83},[73,98603,224],{"class":93},[73,98605,12256],{"class":97},[73,98607,94],{"class":93},[73,98609,9814],{"class":83},[73,98611,98612,98614,98616],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,98613,3114],{"class":216},[73,98615,221],{"class":220},[73,98617,36682],{"class":216},[73,98619,98620],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,98621,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,98623,98624,98626,98628,98630],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,98625,646],{"class":216},[73,98627,653],{"class":83},[73,98629,11892],{"class":245},[73,98631,9151],{"class":83},[73,98633,98634],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,98635,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,98637,98638,98640,98642,98644],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,98639,80],{"class":79},[73,98641,84],{"class":83},[73,98643,646],{"class":245},[73,98645,249],{"class":83},[73,98647,98648,98650,98652,98654],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,98649,80],{"class":79},[73,98651,84],{"class":83},[73,98653,5274],{"class":245},[73,98655,249],{"class":83},[20,98657,148],{},[64,98659,98660],{"className":66,"code":97977,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,98661,98662,98668],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98663,98664,98666],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98665,6798],{"class":87},[73,98667,9151],{"class":83},[73,98669,98670,98672],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,98671,6798],{"class":87},[73,98673,9151],{"class":83},[20,98675,2374,98676,1647,98678,98680],{},[15,98677,646],{},[15,98679,5274],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[59,98682,2350],{"id":2349},[403,98684,2387,98686,5658],{"id":98685},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98687,97645],{},[20,98689,2394,98690,98692],{},[15,98691,1842],{},". It empties the set in place.",[403,98694,2354,98696,98698],{"id":98695},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98697,11830],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98700,98701],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[403,98703,98705],{"id":98704},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98707,98708,98709,98711,98712,653],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98710,11830],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98713,4310],{},[403,98715,5691,98717,1647,98719,3023],{"id":98716},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98718,11830],{},[15,98720,4310],{},[20,98722,98723,98725,98726,98728],{},[15,98724,11830],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98727,4310],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[59,98730,2413],{"id":2412},[33,98732,98733,98737,98741,98748,98754,98760],{},[36,98734,98735],{},[646,98736,96573],{"href":97744},[36,98738,98739],{},[646,98740,97583],{"href":98128},[36,98742,98743],{},[646,98744,97059,98746,11248],{"href":98745},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98747,96448],{},[36,98749,98750],{},[646,98751,97059,98752,11248],{"href":98454},[15,98753,55768],{},[36,98755,98756],{},[646,98757,97059,98758,11248],{"href":98459},[15,98759,13273],{},[36,98761,98762],{},[646,98763,97059,98765,11248],{"href":98764},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98766,15463],{},[2459,98768,98769],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":98771},[98772,98774,98775,98776,98783,98784,98793,98802],{"id":97719,"depth":105,"text":98773},"What set.clear() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":11984,"depth":105,"text":11985},{"id":97883,"depth":105,"text":98777,"children":98778},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98779,98781],{"id":97896,"depth":122,"text":98780},"Using clear()",{"id":98000,"depth":122,"text":98782},"Using set()",{"id":17929,"depth":105,"text":17930},{"id":5030,"depth":105,"text":5031,"children":98785},[98786,98788,98790,98792],{"id":98312,"depth":122,"text":98787},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98437,"depth":122,"text":98789},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98464,"depth":122,"text":98791},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98579,"depth":122,"text":98580},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":98794},[98795,98797,98799,98800],{"id":98685,"depth":122,"text":98796},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98695,"depth":122,"text":98798},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98704,"depth":122,"text":98705},{"id":98716,"depth":122,"text":98801},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97633,"description":98803},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98810,"title":98811,"body":98812,"description":100644,"extension":2511,"meta":100645,"navigation":254,"path":96576,"seo":100646,"stem":100647,"__hash__":100648},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98813,"toc":100601},[98814,98817,98820,98823,98825,98928,98932,98979,98985,98987,99006,99010,99013,99015,99029,99038,99042,99045,99080,99084,99104,99107,99111,99114,99175,99179,99204,99211,99217,99222,99224,99236,99240,99289,99293,99317,99324,99328,99369,99373,99394,99398,99431,99435,99476,99479,99483,99488,99527,99531,99556,99561,99567,99604,99608,99631,99635,99637,99640,99643,99720,99724,99761,99764,99768,99774,99777,99787,99836,99842,99848,99875,99878,99900,99902,99933,99936,99940,99944,99983,99987,100050,100053,100086,100090,100115,100117,100120,100126,100129,100156,100159,100177,100181,100185,100188,100231,100234,100238,100241,100244,100274,100277,100281,100284,100299,100304,100308,100311,100400,100402,100405,100495,100498,100516,100518,100522,100532,100536,100544,100548,100551,100555,100558,100562,100565,100567,100595,100598],[10,98815,98811],{"id":98816},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98818,98819],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98821,98822],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[59,98824,4124],{"id":4123},[64,98826,98828],{"className":66,"code":98827,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98829,98830,98850,98884,98894,98898,98908,98918],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98831,98832,98834,98836,98838,98840,98842,98844,98846,98848],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98833,4134],{"class":216},[73,98835,221],{"class":220},[73,98837,10997],{"class":83},[73,98839,2397],{"class":116},[73,98841,140],{"class":83},[73,98843,143],{"class":116},[73,98845,140],{"class":83},[73,98847,2982],{"class":116},[73,98849,9814],{"class":83},[73,98851,98852,98854,98856,98858,98860,98862,98864,98866,98868,98870,98872,98874,98876,98878,98880,98882],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,98853,4581],{"class":216},[73,98855,221],{"class":220},[73,98857,16143],{"class":87},[73,98859,3510],{"class":83},[73,98861,94],{"class":93},[73,98863,4590],{"class":97},[73,98865,94],{"class":93},[73,98867,140],{"class":83},[73,98869,224],{"class":93},[73,98871,4599],{"class":97},[73,98873,94],{"class":93},[73,98875,140],{"class":83},[73,98877,224],{"class":93},[73,98879,4590],{"class":97},[73,98881,94],{"class":93},[73,98883,4398],{"class":83},[73,98885,98886,98888,98890,98892],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,98887,98535],{"class":216},[73,98889,221],{"class":220},[73,98891,16143],{"class":87},[73,98893,9151],{"class":83},[73,98895,98896],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,98897,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,98899,98900,98902,98904,98906],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,98901,80],{"class":79},[73,98903,84],{"class":83},[73,98905,4164],{"class":245},[73,98907,249],{"class":83},[73,98909,98910,98912,98914,98916],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,98911,80],{"class":79},[73,98913,84],{"class":83},[73,98915,4625],{"class":245},[73,98917,249],{"class":83},[73,98919,98920,98922,98924,98926],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,98921,80],{"class":79},[73,98923,84],{"class":83},[73,98925,98554],{"class":245},[73,98927,249],{"class":83},[20,98929,98930],{},[1194,98931,148],{},[64,98933,98935],{"className":66,"code":98934,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98936,98937,98953,98973],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,98938,98939,98941,98943,98945,98947,98949,98951],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,98940,999],{"class":83},[73,98942,2397],{"class":116},[73,98944,140],{"class":83},[73,98946,143],{"class":116},[73,98948,140],{"class":83},[73,98950,2982],{"class":116},[73,98952,9814],{"class":83},[73,98954,98955,98957,98959,98961,98963,98965,98967,98969,98971],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,98956,999],{"class":83},[73,98958,343],{"class":93},[73,98960,4599],{"class":97},[73,98962,343],{"class":93},[73,98964,140],{"class":83},[73,98966,337],{"class":93},[73,98968,4590],{"class":97},[73,98970,343],{"class":93},[73,98972,9814],{"class":83},[73,98974,98975,98977],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,98976,6798],{"class":87},[73,98978,9151],{"class":83},[20,98980,98981,98982,98984],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98983,4310],{}," for an empty set.",[59,98986,15672],{"id":15671},[33,98988,98989,98992,98997,99000,99003],{},[36,98990,98991],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[36,98993,98994,98995],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98996,4310],{},[36,98998,98999],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[36,99001,99002],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[36,99004,99005],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[59,99007,99009],{"id":99008},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,99011,99012],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,99014,31046],{},[33,99016,99017,99020,99023,99026],{},[36,99018,99019],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[36,99021,99022],{},"Sets are unordered",[36,99024,99025],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[36,99027,99028],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,99030,99031,99032,3408,99034,653],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[646,99033,96573],{"href":97744},[646,99035,99037],{"href":99036},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[59,99039,99041],{"id":99040},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,99043,99044],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[64,99046,99048],{"className":66,"code":99047,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99049,99050,99070],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99051,99052,99054,99056,99058,99060,99062,99064,99066,99068],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99053,4134],{"class":216},[73,99055,221],{"class":220},[73,99057,10997],{"class":83},[73,99059,2397],{"class":116},[73,99061,140],{"class":83},[73,99063,143],{"class":116},[73,99065,140],{"class":83},[73,99067,2982],{"class":116},[73,99069,9814],{"class":83},[73,99071,99072,99074,99076,99078],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,99073,80],{"class":79},[73,99075,84],{"class":83},[73,99077,4164],{"class":245},[73,99079,249],{"class":83},[20,99081,99082],{},[1194,99083,30536],{},[64,99085,99086],{"className":66,"code":96852,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,99087,99088],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99089,99090,99092,99094,99096,99098,99100,99102],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99091,999],{"class":83},[73,99093,2397],{"class":116},[73,99095,140],{"class":83},[73,99097,143],{"class":116},[73,99099,140],{"class":83},[73,99101,2982],{"class":116},[73,99103,9814],{"class":83},[20,99105,99106],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[403,99108,99110],{"id":99109},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,99112,99113],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[64,99115,99117],{"className":66,"code":99116,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,99118,99119,99151,99161],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99120,99121,99123,99125,99127,99129,99131,99133,99135,99137,99139,99141,99143,99145,99147,99149],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99122,4134],{"class":216},[73,99124,221],{"class":220},[73,99126,10997],{"class":83},[73,99128,2397],{"class":116},[73,99130,140],{"class":83},[73,99132,143],{"class":116},[73,99134,140],{"class":83},[73,99136,143],{"class":116},[73,99138,140],{"class":83},[73,99140,2982],{"class":116},[73,99142,140],{"class":83},[73,99144,2982],{"class":116},[73,99146,140],{"class":83},[73,99148,2982],{"class":116},[73,99150,9814],{"class":83},[73,99152,99153,99155,99157,99159],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,99154,80],{"class":79},[73,99156,84],{"class":83},[73,99158,4164],{"class":245},[73,99160,249],{"class":83},[73,99162,99163,99165,99167,99169,99171,99173],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,99164,80],{"class":79},[73,99166,84],{"class":83},[73,99168,11670],{"class":79},[73,99170,84],{"class":83},[73,99172,4164],{"class":245},[73,99174,102],{"class":83},[20,99176,99177],{},[1194,99178,30536],{},[64,99180,99182],{"className":66,"code":99181,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,99183,99184,99200],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99185,99186,99188,99190,99192,99194,99196,99198],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99187,999],{"class":83},[73,99189,2397],{"class":116},[73,99191,140],{"class":83},[73,99193,143],{"class":116},[73,99195,140],{"class":83},[73,99197,2982],{"class":116},[73,99199,9814],{"class":83},[73,99201,99202],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,99203,163],{"class":116},[20,99205,21490,99206,1647,99208,99210],{},[15,99207,530],{},[15,99209,1304],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[59,99212,99214,99215],{"id":99213},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,99216,4310],{},[20,99218,171,99219,99221],{},[15,99220,4310],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,99223,5970],{},[33,99225,99226,99228,99230,99232],{},[36,99227,97332],{},[36,99229,96628],{},[36,99231,56704],{},[36,99233,99234],{},[15,99235,36705],{},[403,99237,99239],{"id":99238},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[64,99241,99243],{"className":66,"code":99242,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99244,99245,99279],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99246,99247,99249,99251,99253,99255,99257,99259,99261,99263,99265,99267,99269,99271,99273,99275,99277],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99248,4134],{"class":216},[73,99250,221],{"class":220},[73,99252,16143],{"class":87},[73,99254,3510],{"class":83},[73,99256,2397],{"class":116},[73,99258,140],{"class":83},[73,99260,143],{"class":116},[73,99262,140],{"class":83},[73,99264,143],{"class":116},[73,99266,140],{"class":83},[73,99268,2982],{"class":116},[73,99270,140],{"class":83},[73,99272,2982],{"class":116},[73,99274,140],{"class":83},[73,99276,2988],{"class":116},[73,99278,4398],{"class":83},[73,99280,99281,99283,99285,99287],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,99282,80],{"class":79},[73,99284,84],{"class":83},[73,99286,4164],{"class":245},[73,99288,249],{"class":83},[20,99290,99291],{},[1194,99292,30536],{},[64,99294,99295],{"className":66,"code":96515,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,99296,99297],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99298,99299,99301,99303,99305,99307,99309,99311,99313,99315],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99300,999],{"class":83},[73,99302,2397],{"class":116},[73,99304,140],{"class":83},[73,99306,143],{"class":116},[73,99308,140],{"class":83},[73,99310,2982],{"class":116},[73,99312,140],{"class":83},[73,99314,2988],{"class":116},[73,99316,9814],{"class":83},[20,99318,99319,99320,653],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[646,99321,99323],{"href":99322},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[403,99325,99327],{"id":99326},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[64,99329,99331],{"className":66,"code":99330,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,99332,99333,99359],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99334,99335,99337,99339,99341,99343,99345,99347,99349,99351,99353,99355,99357],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99336,886],{"class":216},[73,99338,221],{"class":220},[73,99340,16143],{"class":87},[73,99342,6023],{"class":83},[73,99344,452],{"class":116},[73,99346,140],{"class":83},[73,99348,8300],{"class":116},[73,99350,140],{"class":83},[73,99352,8300],{"class":116},[73,99354,140],{"class":83},[73,99356,8305],{"class":116},[73,99358,102],{"class":83},[73,99360,99361,99363,99365,99367],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,99362,80],{"class":79},[73,99364,84],{"class":83},[73,99366,5871],{"class":245},[73,99368,249],{"class":83},[20,99370,99371],{},[1194,99372,30536],{},[64,99374,99376],{"className":66,"code":99375,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,99377,99378],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99379,99380,99382,99384,99386,99388,99390,99392],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99381,999],{"class":83},[73,99383,452],{"class":116},[73,99385,140],{"class":83},[73,99387,8300],{"class":116},[73,99389,140],{"class":83},[73,99391,8305],{"class":116},[73,99393,9814],{"class":83},[403,99395,99397],{"id":99396},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[64,99399,99401],{"className":66,"code":99400,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99402,99403,99421],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99404,99405,99407,99409,99411,99413,99415,99417,99419],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99406,36597],{"class":216},[73,99408,221],{"class":220},[73,99410,16143],{"class":87},[73,99412,84],{"class":83},[73,99414,94],{"class":93},[73,99416,4357],{"class":97},[73,99418,94],{"class":93},[73,99420,249],{"class":83},[73,99422,99423,99425,99427,99429],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,99424,80],{"class":79},[73,99426,84],{"class":83},[73,99428,36650],{"class":245},[73,99430,249],{"class":83},[20,99432,99433],{},[1194,99434,30536],{},[64,99436,99438],{"className":66,"code":99437,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99439,99440],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99441,99442,99444,99446,99448,99450,99452,99454,99456,99458,99460,99462,99464,99466,99468,99470,99472,99474],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99443,999],{"class":83},[73,99445,343],{"class":93},[73,99447,60679],{"class":97},[73,99449,343],{"class":93},[73,99451,140],{"class":83},[73,99453,337],{"class":93},[73,99455,60688],{"class":97},[73,99457,343],{"class":93},[73,99459,140],{"class":83},[73,99461,337],{"class":93},[73,99463,60697],{"class":97},[73,99465,343],{"class":93},[73,99467,140],{"class":83},[73,99469,337],{"class":93},[73,99471,60714],{"class":97},[73,99473,343],{"class":93},[73,99475,9814],{"class":83},[20,99477,99478],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[59,99480,99482],{"id":99481},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99484,99485,99486,653],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99487,4310],{},[64,99489,99491],{"className":66,"code":99490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99492,99493,99503,99513],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99494,99495,99497,99499,99501],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99496,98535],{"class":216},[73,99498,221],{"class":220},[73,99500,16143],{"class":87},[73,99502,9151],{"class":83},[73,99504,99505,99507,99509,99511],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,99506,80],{"class":79},[73,99508,84],{"class":83},[73,99510,98554],{"class":245},[73,99512,249],{"class":83},[73,99514,99515,99517,99519,99521,99523,99525],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,99516,80],{"class":79},[73,99518,84],{"class":83},[73,99520,288],{"class":87},[73,99522,84],{"class":83},[73,99524,98554],{"class":245},[73,99526,102],{"class":83},[20,99528,99529],{},[1194,99530,148],{},[64,99532,99534],{"className":66,"code":99533,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99535,99536,99542],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99537,99538,99540],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99539,6798],{"class":87},[73,99541,9151],{"class":83},[73,99543,99544,99546,99548,99550,99552,99554],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,99545,330],{"class":220},[73,99547,334],{"class":333},[73,99549,337],{"class":93},[73,99551,6798],{"class":97},[73,99553,343],{"class":93},[73,99555,346],{"class":220},[403,99557,44921,99559],{"id":99558},"do-not-use",[15,99560,4305],{},[20,99562,99563,99564,99566],{},"Empty braces do ",[1194,99565,1196],{}," create a set.",[64,99568,99570],{"className":66,"code":99569,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99571,99572,99580,99590],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99573,99574,99576,99578],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99575,98479],{"class":216},[73,99577,221],{"class":220},[73,99579,10344],{"class":83},[73,99581,99582,99584,99586,99588],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,99583,80],{"class":79},[73,99585,84],{"class":83},[73,99587,98496],{"class":245},[73,99589,249],{"class":83},[73,99591,99592,99594,99596,99598,99600,99602],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,99593,80],{"class":79},[73,99595,84],{"class":83},[73,99597,288],{"class":87},[73,99599,84],{"class":83},[73,99601,98496],{"class":245},[73,99603,102],{"class":83},[20,99605,99606],{},[1194,99607,148],{},[64,99609,99611],{"className":66,"code":99610,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99612,99613,99617],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99614,99615],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99616,9940],{"class":83},[73,99618,99619,99621,99623,99625,99627,99629],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,99620,330],{"class":220},[73,99622,334],{"class":333},[73,99624,337],{"class":93},[73,99626,9330],{"class":97},[73,99628,343],{"class":93},[73,99630,346],{"class":220},[20,99632,99633,9297],{},[15,99634,4305],{},[59,99636,72511],{"id":72510},[20,99638,99639],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99641,99642],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[64,99644,99646],{"className":66,"code":99645,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99647,99648,99696,99706],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99649,99650,99652,99654,99656,99658,99660,99662,99664,99666,99668,99670,99672,99674,99676,99678,99680,99682,99684,99686,99688,99690,99692,99694],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99651,4581],{"class":216},[73,99653,221],{"class":220},[73,99655,10997],{"class":83},[73,99657,94],{"class":93},[73,99659,4590],{"class":97},[73,99661,94],{"class":93},[73,99663,140],{"class":83},[73,99665,224],{"class":93},[73,99667,4599],{"class":97},[73,99669,94],{"class":93},[73,99671,140],{"class":83},[73,99673,224],{"class":93},[73,99675,4590],{"class":97},[73,99677,94],{"class":93},[73,99679,140],{"class":83},[73,99681,224],{"class":93},[73,99683,4590],{"class":97},[73,99685,94],{"class":93},[73,99687,140],{"class":83},[73,99689,224],{"class":93},[73,99691,33727],{"class":97},[73,99693,94],{"class":93},[73,99695,9814],{"class":83},[73,99697,99698,99700,99702,99704],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,99699,80],{"class":79},[73,99701,84],{"class":83},[73,99703,4625],{"class":245},[73,99705,249],{"class":83},[73,99707,99708,99710,99712,99714,99716,99718],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,99709,80],{"class":79},[73,99711,84],{"class":83},[73,99713,11670],{"class":79},[73,99715,84],{"class":83},[73,99717,4625],{"class":245},[73,99719,102],{"class":83},[20,99721,99722],{},[1194,99723,30536],{},[64,99725,99727],{"className":66,"code":99726,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99728,99729,99757],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99730,99731,99733,99735,99737,99739,99741,99743,99745,99747,99749,99751,99753,99755],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99732,999],{"class":83},[73,99734,343],{"class":93},[73,99736,4599],{"class":97},[73,99738,343],{"class":93},[73,99740,140],{"class":83},[73,99742,337],{"class":93},[73,99744,33727],{"class":97},[73,99746,343],{"class":93},[73,99748,140],{"class":83},[73,99750,337],{"class":93},[73,99752,4590],{"class":97},[73,99754,343],{"class":93},[73,99756,9814],{"class":83},[73,99758,99759],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,99760,163],{"class":116},[20,99762,99763],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[59,99765,99767],{"id":99766},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99769,99770,99771,99773],{},"Set items must be ",[1194,99772,96616],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99775,99776],{},"These usually work:",[33,99778,99779,99781,99783,99785],{},[36,99780,56701],{},[36,99782,56704],{},[36,99784,96628],{},[36,99786,41101],{},[64,99788,99790],{"className":66,"code":99789,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99791,99792,99826],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99793,99794,99796,99798,99800,99802,99804,99806,99808,99810,99812,99814,99816,99818,99820,99822,99824],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99795,886],{"class":216},[73,99797,221],{"class":220},[73,99799,10997],{"class":83},[73,99801,2397],{"class":116},[73,99803,140],{"class":83},[73,99805,224],{"class":93},[73,99807,4590],{"class":97},[73,99809,94],{"class":93},[73,99811,140],{"class":83},[73,99813,9742],{"class":83},[73,99815,452],{"class":116},[73,99817,140],{"class":83},[73,99819,8300],{"class":116},[73,99821,9739],{"class":83},[73,99823,4426],{"class":484},[73,99825,9814],{"class":83},[73,99827,99828,99830,99832,99834],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,99829,80],{"class":79},[73,99831,84],{"class":83},[73,99833,5871],{"class":245},[73,99835,249],{"class":83},[20,99837,99838,99839,99841],{},"These do ",[1194,99840,1196],{}," work directly:",[33,99843,99844,99846],{},[36,99845,97332],{},[36,99847,97335],{},[64,99849,99851],{"className":66,"code":99850,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99852,99853],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99854,99855,99858,99860,99863,99865,99867,99869,99871,99873],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99856,99857],{"class":216},"bad_set ",[73,99859,221],{"class":220},[73,99861,99862],{"class":83}," {[",[73,99864,2397],{"class":116},[73,99866,140],{"class":83},[73,99868,143],{"class":116},[73,99870,140],{"class":83},[73,99872,2982],{"class":116},[73,99874,14217],{"class":83},[20,99876,99877],{},"This raises an error:",[64,99879,99880],{"className":66,"code":97391,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,99881,99882],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99883,99884,99886,99888,99890,99892,99894,99896,99898],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99885,1630],{"class":87},[73,99887,1063],{"class":83},[73,99889,97402],{"class":216},[73,99891,288],{"class":87},[73,99893,1063],{"class":83},[73,99895,337],{"class":93},[73,99897,8604],{"class":97},[73,99899,1070],{"class":93},[20,99901,52318],{},[64,99903,99905],{"className":66,"code":99904,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99906,99907],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99908,99909,99911,99913,99916,99918,99920,99922,99924,99926,99928,99930],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99910,99857],{"class":216},[73,99912,221],{"class":220},[73,99914,99915],{"class":83}," {{",[73,99917,94],{"class":93},[73,99919,8177],{"class":97},[73,99921,94],{"class":93},[73,99923,1063],{"class":83},[73,99925,224],{"class":93},[73,99927,8186],{"class":97},[73,99929,94],{"class":93},[73,99931,99932],{"class":83},"}}\n",[20,99934,99935],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[59,99937,99939],{"id":99938},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[403,99941,99943],{"id":99942},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[64,99945,99947],{"className":66,"code":99946,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99948,99949,99973],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99950,99951,99953,99955,99957,99959,99961,99963,99965,99967,99969,99971],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99952,4134],{"class":216},[73,99954,221],{"class":220},[73,99956,10997],{"class":83},[73,99958,2397],{"class":116},[73,99960,140],{"class":83},[73,99962,143],{"class":116},[73,99964,140],{"class":83},[73,99966,2982],{"class":116},[73,99968,140],{"class":83},[73,99970,2988],{"class":116},[73,99972,9814],{"class":83},[73,99974,99975,99977,99979,99981],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,99976,80],{"class":79},[73,99978,84],{"class":83},[73,99980,4164],{"class":245},[73,99982,249],{"class":83},[403,99984,99986],{"id":99985},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[64,99988,99990],{"className":66,"code":99989,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99991,99992,100020,100035,100039],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,99993,99994,99996,99998,100000,100002,100004,100006,100008,100010,100012,100014,100016,100018],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,99995,8289],{"class":216},[73,99997,221],{"class":220},[73,99999,891],{"class":83},[73,100001,2397],{"class":116},[73,100003,140],{"class":83},[73,100005,2085],{"class":116},[73,100007,140],{"class":83},[73,100009,143],{"class":116},[73,100011,140],{"class":83},[73,100013,2982],{"class":116},[73,100015,140],{"class":83},[73,100017,2982],{"class":116},[73,100019,924],{"class":83},[73,100021,100022,100025,100027,100029,100031,100033],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,100023,100024],{"class":216},"unique_items ",[73,100026,221],{"class":220},[73,100028,16143],{"class":87},[73,100030,84],{"class":83},[73,100032,8320],{"class":245},[73,100034,249],{"class":83},[73,100036,100037],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,100038,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,100040,100041,100043,100045,100048],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,100042,80],{"class":79},[73,100044,84],{"class":83},[73,100046,100047],{"class":245},"unique_items",[73,100049,249],{"class":83},[403,100051,99397],{"id":100052},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[64,100054,100056],{"className":66,"code":100055,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,100057,100058,100076],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,100059,100060,100062,100064,100066,100068,100070,100072,100074],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,100061,36597],{"class":216},[73,100063,221],{"class":220},[73,100065,16143],{"class":87},[73,100067,84],{"class":83},[73,100069,94],{"class":93},[73,100071,4599],{"class":97},[73,100073,94],{"class":93},[73,100075,249],{"class":83},[73,100077,100078,100080,100082,100084],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,100079,80],{"class":79},[73,100081,84],{"class":83},[73,100083,36650],{"class":245},[73,100085,249],{"class":83},[403,100087,100089],{"id":100088},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[64,100091,100093],{"className":66,"code":100092,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,100094,100095,100105],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,100096,100097,100099,100101,100103],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,100098,98535],{"class":216},[73,100100,221],{"class":220},[73,100102,16143],{"class":87},[73,100104,9151],{"class":83},[73,100106,100107,100109,100111,100113],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,100108,80],{"class":79},[73,100110,84],{"class":83},[73,100112,98554],{"class":245},[73,100114,249],{"class":83},[59,100116,2102],{"id":2101},[20,100118,100119],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[403,100121,657,100123,100125],{"id":100122},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,100124,4305],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,100127,100128],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[64,100130,100132],{"className":66,"code":100131,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,100133,100134,100142],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,100135,100136,100138,100140],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,100137,2202],{"class":216},[73,100139,221],{"class":220},[73,100141,10344],{"class":83},[73,100143,100144,100146,100148,100150,100152,100154],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,100145,80],{"class":79},[73,100147,84],{"class":83},[73,100149,288],{"class":87},[73,100151,84],{"class":83},[73,100153,967],{"class":245},[73,100155,102],{"class":83},[20,100157,100158],{},"This prints:",[64,100160,100161],{"className":66,"code":9317,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,100162,100163],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,100164,100165,100167,100169,100171,100173,100175],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,100166,330],{"class":220},[73,100168,334],{"class":333},[73,100170,337],{"class":93},[73,100172,9330],{"class":97},[73,100174,343],{"class":93},[73,100176,346],{"class":220},[20,100178,171,100179,7140],{},[15,100180,4310],{},[403,100182,100184],{"id":100183},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,100186,100187],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[64,100189,100191],{"className":66,"code":100190,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,100192,100193,100221],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,100194,100195,100197,100199,100201,100203,100205,100207,100209,100211,100213,100215,100217,100219],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,100196,4134],{"class":216},[73,100198,221],{"class":220},[73,100200,10997],{"class":83},[73,100202,2397],{"class":116},[73,100204,140],{"class":83},[73,100206,2085],{"class":116},[73,100208,140],{"class":83},[73,100210,143],{"class":116},[73,100212,140],{"class":83},[73,100214,143],{"class":116},[73,100216,140],{"class":83},[73,100218,2982],{"class":116},[73,100220,9814],{"class":83},[73,100222,100223,100225,100227,100229],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,100224,80],{"class":79},[73,100226,84],{"class":83},[73,100228,4164],{"class":245},[73,100230,249],{"class":83},[20,100232,100233],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[403,100235,100237],{"id":100236},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,100239,100240],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,100242,100243],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[64,100245,100247],{"className":66,"code":100246,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,100248,100249,100269],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,100250,100251,100253,100255,100257,100259,100261,100263,100265,100267],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,100252,4134],{"class":216},[73,100254,221],{"class":220},[73,100256,10997],{"class":83},[73,100258,452],{"class":116},[73,100260,140],{"class":83},[73,100262,8300],{"class":116},[73,100264,140],{"class":83},[73,100266,8305],{"class":116},[73,100268,9814],{"class":83},[73,100270,100271],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,100272,100273],{"class":769},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,100275,100276],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[403,100278,100280],{"id":100279},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,100282,100283],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[64,100285,100287],{"className":66,"code":100286,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,100288,100289,100294],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,100290,100291],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,100292,100293],{"class":769},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[73,100295,100296],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,100297,100298],{"class":769},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,100300,100301,100302,653],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,100303,1630],{},[403,100305,100307],{"id":100306},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,100309,100310],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[64,100312,100314],{"className":66,"code":100313,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,100315,100316,100336,100368,100372,100386],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,100317,100318,100320,100322,100324,100326,100328,100330,100332,100334],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,100319,16138],{"class":216},[73,100321,221],{"class":220},[73,100323,10997],{"class":83},[73,100325,2397],{"class":116},[73,100327,140],{"class":83},[73,100329,143],{"class":116},[73,100331,140],{"class":83},[73,100333,2982],{"class":116},[73,100335,9814],{"class":83},[73,100337,100338,100340,100342,100344,100346,100348,100350,100352,100354,100356,100358,100360,100362,100364,100366],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,100339,12235],{"class":216},[73,100341,221],{"class":220},[73,100343,10997],{"class":83},[73,100345,94],{"class":93},[73,100347,646],{"class":97},[73,100349,94],{"class":93},[73,100351,1063],{"class":83},[73,100353,2085],{"class":116},[73,100355,140],{"class":83},[73,100357,224],{"class":93},[73,100359,5274],{"class":97},[73,100361,94],{"class":93},[73,100363,1063],{"class":83},[73,100365,143],{"class":116},[73,100367,9814],{"class":83},[73,100369,100370],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,100371,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,100373,100374,100376,100378,100380,100382,100384],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,100375,80],{"class":79},[73,100377,84],{"class":83},[73,100379,288],{"class":87},[73,100381,84],{"class":83},[73,100383,16176],{"class":245},[73,100385,102],{"class":83},[73,100387,100388,100390,100392,100394,100396,100398],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,100389,80],{"class":79},[73,100391,84],{"class":83},[73,100393,288],{"class":87},[73,100395,84],{"class":83},[73,100397,11959],{"class":245},[73,100399,102],{"class":83},[59,100401,93028],{"id":93027},[20,100403,100404],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[64,100406,100408],{"className":66,"code":100407,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,100409,100410,100436,100440,100454,100464,100478,100485],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,100411,100412,100414,100416,100418,100420,100422,100424,100426,100428,100430,100432,100434],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,100413,16138],{"class":216},[73,100415,221],{"class":220},[73,100417,16143],{"class":87},[73,100419,3510],{"class":83},[73,100421,2397],{"class":116},[73,100423,140],{"class":83},[73,100425,143],{"class":116},[73,100427,140],{"class":83},[73,100429,143],{"class":116},[73,100431,140],{"class":83},[73,100433,2982],{"class":116},[73,100435,4398],{"class":83},[73,100437,100438],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,100439,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,100441,100442,100444,100446,100448,100450,100452],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,100443,80],{"class":79},[73,100445,84],{"class":83},[73,100447,288],{"class":87},[73,100449,84],{"class":83},[73,100451,16176],{"class":245},[73,100453,102],{"class":83},[73,100455,100456,100458,100460,100462],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,100457,80],{"class":79},[73,100459,84],{"class":83},[73,100461,16176],{"class":245},[73,100463,249],{"class":83},[73,100465,100466,100468,100470,100472,100474,100476],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,100467,80],{"class":79},[73,100469,84],{"class":83},[73,100471,11670],{"class":79},[73,100473,84],{"class":83},[73,100475,16176],{"class":245},[73,100477,102],{"class":83},[73,100479,100480,100482],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,100481,80],{"class":79},[73,100483,100484],{"class":83},"({})\n",[73,100486,100487,100489,100491,100493],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,100488,80],{"class":79},[73,100490,84],{"class":83},[73,100492,6798],{"class":87},[73,100494,7704],{"class":83},[20,100496,100497],{},"Use these to confirm:",[33,100499,100500,100503,100506,100509],{},[36,100501,100502],{},"The object type",[36,100504,100505],{},"The actual values stored",[36,100507,100508],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[36,100510,100511,100512,1647,100514],{},"The difference between ",[15,100513,4305],{},[15,100515,4310],{},[59,100517,2350],{"id":2349},[403,100519,100521],{"id":100520},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100523,100524,100525,100528,100529,100531],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100526,100527],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100530,4310],{}," with another iterable.",[403,100533,100535],{"id":100534},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100537,171,100538,100540,100541,100543],{},[15,100539,4310],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100542,4305],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[403,100545,100547],{"id":100546},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100549,100550],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[403,100552,100554],{"id":100553},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100556,100557],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[403,100559,100561],{"id":100560},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100563,100564],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[59,100566,2413],{"id":2412},[33,100568,100569,100573,100579,100585,100590],{},[36,100570,100571],{},[646,100572,96573],{"href":97744},[36,100574,100575],{},[646,100576,13,100577,11248],{"href":98745},[15,100578,96453],{},[36,100580,100581],{},[646,100582,13,100583,11248],{"href":98764},[15,100584,97559],{},[36,100586,100587],{},[646,100588,100589],{"href":99322},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[36,100591,100592],{},[646,100593,100594],{"href":99036},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100596,100597],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2459,100599,100600],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":100602},[100603,100604,100605,100606,100609,100615,100619,100620,100621,100627,100635,100636,100643],{"id":4123,"depth":105,"text":4124},{"id":15671,"depth":105,"text":15672},{"id":99008,"depth":105,"text":99009},{"id":99040,"depth":105,"text":99041,"children":100607},[100608],{"id":99109,"depth":122,"text":99110},{"id":99213,"depth":105,"text":100610,"children":100611},"Create a set with set()",[100612,100613,100614],{"id":99238,"depth":122,"text":99239},{"id":99326,"depth":122,"text":99327},{"id":99396,"depth":122,"text":99397},{"id":99481,"depth":105,"text":99482,"children":100616},[100617],{"id":99558,"depth":122,"text":100618},"Do not use {}",{"id":72510,"depth":105,"text":72511},{"id":99766,"depth":105,"text":99767},{"id":99938,"depth":105,"text":99939,"children":100622},[100623,100624,100625,100626],{"id":99942,"depth":122,"text":99943},{"id":99985,"depth":122,"text":99986},{"id":100052,"depth":122,"text":99397},{"id":100088,"depth":122,"text":100089},{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102,"children":100628},[100629,100631,100632,100633,100634],{"id":100122,"depth":122,"text":100630},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":100183,"depth":122,"text":100184},{"id":100236,"depth":122,"text":100237},{"id":100279,"depth":122,"text":100280},{"id":100306,"depth":122,"text":100307},{"id":93027,"depth":105,"text":93028},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":100637},[100638,100639,100640,100641,100642],{"id":100520,"depth":122,"text":100521},{"id":100534,"depth":122,"text":100535},{"id":100546,"depth":122,"text":100547},{"id":100553,"depth":122,"text":100554},{"id":100560,"depth":122,"text":100561},{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98811,"description":100644},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100650,"title":100651,"body":100652,"description":103083,"extension":2511,"meta":103084,"navigation":254,"path":103085,"seo":103086,"stem":103087,"__hash__":103088},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100653,"toc":103048},[100654,100660,100666,100669,100671,100748,100750,100767,100777,100779,100784,100792,100794,100810,100814,100816,100818,100821,100842,100845,100869,100875,100877,100974,100976,100993,101003,101005,101007,101015,101017,101028,101030,101121,101123,101147,101158,101160,101162,101165,101295,101297,101370,101372,101393,101396,101398,101404,101409,101412,101539,101541,101558,101561,101563,101571,101574,101578,101586,101677,101679,101716,101721,101728,101805,101807,101823,101828,101833,101835,101844,101852,101933,101935,101964,101967,101971,101982,101985,102068,102070,102091,102097,102099,102101,102105,102109,102116,102181,102183,102203,102206,102275,102277,102293,102297,102303,102315,102323,102325,102410,102412,102441,102444,102448,102453,102455,102505,102508,102589,102591,102607,102611,102614,102689,102692,102696,102699,102776,102778,102811,102817,102821,102824,102959,102961,102975,102977,102979,102985,102988,102995,103003,103009,103012,103016,103019,103021,103023,103045],[10,100655,96445,100657,11831],{"id":100656},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100658,100659],{},"difference()",[20,100661,100662,100665],{},[15,100663,100664],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100667,100668],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[59,100670,4124],{"id":4123},[64,100672,100674],{"className":66,"code":100673,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100675,100676,100700,100720,100738],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,100677,100678,100680,100682,100684,100686,100688,100690,100692,100694,100696,100698],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,100679,3086],{"class":216},[73,100681,221],{"class":220},[73,100683,10997],{"class":83},[73,100685,2397],{"class":116},[73,100687,140],{"class":83},[73,100689,143],{"class":116},[73,100691,140],{"class":83},[73,100693,2982],{"class":116},[73,100695,140],{"class":83},[73,100697,2988],{"class":116},[73,100699,9814],{"class":83},[73,100701,100702,100704,100706,100708,100710,100712,100714,100716,100718],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,100703,3114],{"class":216},[73,100705,221],{"class":220},[73,100707,10997],{"class":83},[73,100709,1304],{"class":116},[73,100711,140],{"class":83},[73,100713,2988],{"class":116},[73,100715,140],{"class":83},[73,100717,5118],{"class":116},[73,100719,9814],{"class":83},[73,100721,100722,100724,100726,100728,100730,100732,100734,100736],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,100723,2766],{"class":216},[73,100725,221],{"class":220},[73,100727,57127],{"class":216},[73,100729,653],{"class":83},[73,100731,3343],{"class":245},[73,100733,84],{"class":83},[73,100735,5274],{"class":245},[73,100737,249],{"class":83},[73,100739,100740,100742,100744,100746],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,100741,80],{"class":79},[73,100743,84],{"class":83},[73,100745,2800],{"class":245},[73,100747,249],{"class":83},[20,100749,148],{},[64,100751,100753],{"className":66,"code":100752,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100754,100755],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,100756,100757,100759,100761,100763,100765],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,100758,999],{"class":83},[73,100760,2397],{"class":116},[73,100762,140],{"class":83},[73,100764,143],{"class":116},[73,100766,9814],{"class":83},[20,100768,100769,100771,100772,100774,100775,653],{},[15,100770,100659],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100773,646],{}," that are not in ",[15,100776,5274],{},[45408,100778],{},[59,100780,178,100782,181],{"id":100781},"what-difference-does",[15,100783,100659],{},[20,100785,1580,100786,100788,100789,100791],{},[15,100787,100659],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[1194,100790,1196],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100793,189],{},[33,100795,100796,100801,100804,100807],{},[36,100797,100798,100800],{},[15,100799,100659],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[36,100802,100803],{},"It creates a new set",[36,100805,100806],{},"It does not change the original set",[36,100808,100809],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100811,96569,100812,653],{},[646,100813,96573],{"href":97744},[45408,100815],{},[59,100817,370],{"id":369},[20,100819,100820],{},"Use this form:",[64,100822,100824],{"className":66,"code":100823,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100825,100826],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,100827,100828,100831,100833,100835,100837,100840],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,100829,100830],{"class":216},"set1",[73,100832,653],{"class":83},[73,100834,3343],{"class":245},[73,100836,84],{"class":83},[73,100838,100839],{"class":245},"set2",[73,100841,249],{"class":83},[20,100843,100844],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[64,100846,100848],{"className":66,"code":100847,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100849,100850],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,100851,100852,100854,100856,100858,100860,100862,100864,100867],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,100853,100830],{"class":216},[73,100855,653],{"class":83},[73,100857,3343],{"class":245},[73,100859,84],{"class":83},[73,100861,100839],{"class":245},[73,100863,140],{"class":83},[73,100865,100866],{"class":245}," set3",[73,100868,249],{"class":83},[20,100870,100871,100872,100874],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[1194,100873,5866],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100876,206],{},[64,100878,100880],{"className":66,"code":100879,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100881,100882,100910,100926,100938,100942,100964],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,100883,100884,100886,100888,100890,100892,100894,100896,100898,100900,100902,100904,100906,100908],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,100885,3086],{"class":216},[73,100887,221],{"class":220},[73,100889,10997],{"class":83},[73,100891,2397],{"class":116},[73,100893,140],{"class":83},[73,100895,143],{"class":116},[73,100897,140],{"class":83},[73,100899,2982],{"class":116},[73,100901,140],{"class":83},[73,100903,2988],{"class":116},[73,100905,140],{"class":83},[73,100907,5118],{"class":116},[73,100909,9814],{"class":83},[73,100911,100912,100914,100916,100918,100920,100922,100924],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,100913,3114],{"class":216},[73,100915,221],{"class":220},[73,100917,10997],{"class":83},[73,100919,530],{"class":116},[73,100921,140],{"class":83},[73,100923,2982],{"class":116},[73,100925,9814],{"class":83},[73,100927,100928,100930,100932,100934,100936],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,100929,83428],{"class":216},[73,100931,221],{"class":220},[73,100933,10997],{"class":83},[73,100935,688],{"class":116},[73,100937,9814],{"class":83},[73,100939,100940],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,100941,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,100943,100944,100946,100948,100950,100952,100954,100956,100958,100960,100962],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,100945,2766],{"class":216},[73,100947,221],{"class":220},[73,100949,57127],{"class":216},[73,100951,653],{"class":83},[73,100953,3343],{"class":245},[73,100955,84],{"class":83},[73,100957,5274],{"class":245},[73,100959,140],{"class":83},[73,100961,10187],{"class":245},[73,100963,249],{"class":83},[73,100965,100966,100968,100970,100972],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,100967,80],{"class":79},[73,100969,84],{"class":83},[73,100971,2800],{"class":245},[73,100973,249],{"class":83},[20,100975,148],{},[64,100977,100979],{"className":66,"code":100978,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100980,100981],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,100982,100983,100985,100987,100989,100991],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,100984,999],{"class":83},[73,100986,2397],{"class":116},[73,100988,140],{"class":83},[73,100990,2988],{"class":116},[73,100992,9814],{"class":83},[20,100994,100995,100996,100998,100999,3408,101001,653],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100997,646],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,101000,5274],{},[15,101002,10245],{},[45408,101004],{},[59,101006,17930],{"id":17929},[20,101008,101009,101011,101012,653],{},[15,101010,100659],{}," always returns a ",[1194,101013,101014],{},"new set",[20,101016,44142],{},[33,101018,101019,101022,101025],{},[36,101020,101021],{},"The return value is a new set",[36,101023,101024],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[36,101026,101027],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,101029,206],{},[64,101031,101033],{"className":66,"code":101032,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,101034,101035,101051,101071,101075,101093,101097,101107],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,101036,101037,101039,101041,101043,101045,101047,101049],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,101038,3086],{"class":216},[73,101040,221],{"class":220},[73,101042,10997],{"class":83},[73,101044,2397],{"class":116},[73,101046,140],{"class":83},[73,101048,143],{"class":116},[73,101050,9814],{"class":83},[73,101052,101053,101055,101057,101059,101061,101063,101065,101067,101069],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,101054,3114],{"class":216},[73,101056,221],{"class":220},[73,101058,10997],{"class":83},[73,101060,2397],{"class":116},[73,101062,140],{"class":83},[73,101064,143],{"class":116},[73,101066,140],{"class":83},[73,101068,2982],{"class":116},[73,101070,9814],{"class":83},[73,101072,101073],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,101074,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,101076,101077,101079,101081,101083,101085,101087,101089,101091],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,101078,2766],{"class":216},[73,101080,221],{"class":220},[73,101082,57127],{"class":216},[73,101084,653],{"class":83},[73,101086,3343],{"class":245},[73,101088,84],{"class":83},[73,101090,5274],{"class":245},[73,101092,249],{"class":83},[73,101094,101095],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,101096,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,101098,101099,101101,101103,101105],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,101100,80],{"class":79},[73,101102,84],{"class":83},[73,101104,2800],{"class":245},[73,101106,249],{"class":83},[73,101108,101109,101111,101113,101115,101117,101119],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,101110,80],{"class":79},[73,101112,84],{"class":83},[73,101114,288],{"class":87},[73,101116,84],{"class":83},[73,101118,2800],{"class":245},[73,101120,102],{"class":83},[20,101122,148],{},[64,101124,101125],{"className":66,"code":99533,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,101126,101127,101133],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,101128,101129,101131],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,101130,6798],{"class":87},[73,101132,9151],{"class":83},[73,101134,101135,101137,101139,101141,101143,101145],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,101136,330],{"class":220},[73,101138,334],{"class":333},[73,101140,337],{"class":93},[73,101142,6798],{"class":97},[73,101144,343],{"class":93},[73,101146,346],{"class":220},[20,101148,101149,101150,19475,101152,101154,101155,101157],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,101151,4310],{},[15,101153,4305],{},". In Python, ",[15,101156,4305],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[45408,101159],{},[59,101161,11985],{"id":11984},[20,101163,101164],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[64,101166,101168],{"className":66,"code":101167,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,101169,101170,101203,101236,101240,101260,101264,101274,101285],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,101171,101172,101175,101177,101179,101181,101183,101185,101187,101189,101191,101193,101195,101197,101199,101201],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,101173,101174],{"class":216},"fruits_a ",[73,101176,221],{"class":220},[73,101178,10997],{"class":83},[73,101180,94],{"class":93},[73,101182,4590],{"class":97},[73,101184,94],{"class":93},[73,101186,140],{"class":83},[73,101188,224],{"class":93},[73,101190,4599],{"class":97},[73,101192,94],{"class":93},[73,101194,140],{"class":83},[73,101196,224],{"class":93},[73,101198,33727],{"class":97},[73,101200,94],{"class":93},[73,101202,9814],{"class":83},[73,101204,101205,101208,101210,101212,101214,101216,101218,101220,101222,101224,101226,101228,101230,101232,101234],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,101206,101207],{"class":216},"fruits_b ",[73,101209,221],{"class":220},[73,101211,10997],{"class":83},[73,101213,94],{"class":93},[73,101215,4599],{"class":97},[73,101217,94],{"class":93},[73,101219,140],{"class":83},[73,101221,224],{"class":93},[73,101223,33727],{"class":97},[73,101225,94],{"class":93},[73,101227,140],{"class":83},[73,101229,224],{"class":93},[73,101231,23042],{"class":97},[73,101233,94],{"class":93},[73,101235,9814],{"class":83},[73,101237,101238],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,101239,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,101241,101242,101244,101246,101249,101251,101253,101255,101258],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,101243,2766],{"class":216},[73,101245,221],{"class":220},[73,101247,101248],{"class":216}," fruits_a",[73,101250,653],{"class":83},[73,101252,3343],{"class":245},[73,101254,84],{"class":83},[73,101256,101257],{"class":245},"fruits_b",[73,101259,249],{"class":83},[73,101261,101262],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,101263,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,101265,101266,101268,101270,101272],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,101267,80],{"class":79},[73,101269,84],{"class":83},[73,101271,2800],{"class":245},[73,101273,249],{"class":83},[73,101275,101276,101278,101280,101283],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,101277,80],{"class":79},[73,101279,84],{"class":83},[73,101281,101282],{"class":245},"fruits_a",[73,101284,249],{"class":83},[73,101286,101287,101289,101291,101293],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,101288,80],{"class":79},[73,101290,84],{"class":83},[73,101292,101257],{"class":245},[73,101294,249],{"class":83},[20,101296,30536],{},[64,101298,101300],{"className":66,"code":101299,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,101301,101302,101314,101342],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,101303,101304,101306,101308,101310,101312],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,101305,999],{"class":83},[73,101307,343],{"class":93},[73,101309,4590],{"class":97},[73,101311,343],{"class":93},[73,101313,9814],{"class":83},[73,101315,101316,101318,101320,101322,101324,101326,101328,101330,101332,101334,101336,101338,101340],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,101317,999],{"class":83},[73,101319,343],{"class":93},[73,101321,4599],{"class":97},[73,101323,343],{"class":93},[73,101325,140],{"class":83},[73,101327,337],{"class":93},[73,101329,33727],{"class":97},[73,101331,343],{"class":93},[73,101333,140],{"class":83},[73,101335,337],{"class":93},[73,101337,4590],{"class":97},[73,101339,343],{"class":93},[73,101341,9814],{"class":83},[73,101343,101344,101346,101348,101350,101352,101354,101356,101358,101360,101362,101364,101366,101368],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,101345,999],{"class":83},[73,101347,343],{"class":93},[73,101349,4599],{"class":97},[73,101351,343],{"class":93},[73,101353,140],{"class":83},[73,101355,337],{"class":93},[73,101357,33727],{"class":97},[73,101359,343],{"class":93},[73,101361,140],{"class":83},[73,101363,337],{"class":93},[73,101365,23042],{"class":97},[73,101367,343],{"class":93},[73,101369,9814],{"class":83},[20,101371,12194],{},[33,101373,101374,101379,101384,101390],{},[36,101375,101376,101377],{},"Start with ",[15,101378,101282],{},[36,101380,101381,101382],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,101383,101257],{},[36,101385,101386,101387,101389],{},"Only ",[15,101388,58073],{}," remains",[36,101391,101392],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,101394,101395],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[45408,101397],{},[59,101399,657,101401,101403],{"id":101400},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,101402,100659],{}," with multiple sets",[20,101405,101406,101407,653],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,101408,100659],{},[20,101410,101411],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[64,101413,101415],{"className":66,"code":101414,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101416,101417,101449,101466,101479,101496,101500,101529],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,101418,101419,101421,101423,101425,101427,101429,101431,101433,101435,101437,101439,101441,101443,101445,101447],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,101420,4134],{"class":216},[73,101422,221],{"class":220},[73,101424,10997],{"class":83},[73,101426,2397],{"class":116},[73,101428,140],{"class":83},[73,101430,143],{"class":116},[73,101432,140],{"class":83},[73,101434,2982],{"class":116},[73,101436,140],{"class":83},[73,101438,2988],{"class":116},[73,101440,140],{"class":83},[73,101442,5118],{"class":116},[73,101444,140],{"class":83},[73,101446,38150],{"class":116},[73,101448,9814],{"class":83},[73,101450,101451,101454,101456,101458,101460,101462,101464],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,101452,101453],{"class":216},"group_a ",[73,101455,221],{"class":220},[73,101457,10997],{"class":83},[73,101459,530],{"class":116},[73,101461,140],{"class":83},[73,101463,2988],{"class":116},[73,101465,9814],{"class":83},[73,101467,101468,101471,101473,101475,101477],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,101469,101470],{"class":216},"group_b ",[73,101472,221],{"class":220},[73,101474,10997],{"class":83},[73,101476,688],{"class":116},[73,101478,9814],{"class":83},[73,101480,101481,101484,101486,101488,101490,101492,101494],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,101482,101483],{"class":216},"group_c ",[73,101485,221],{"class":220},[73,101487,10997],{"class":83},[73,101489,80836],{"class":116},[73,101491,140],{"class":83},[73,101493,6505],{"class":116},[73,101495,9814],{"class":83},[73,101497,101498],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,101499,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,101501,101502,101504,101506,101508,101510,101512,101514,101517,101519,101522,101524,101527],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,101503,2766],{"class":216},[73,101505,221],{"class":220},[73,101507,4775],{"class":216},[73,101509,653],{"class":83},[73,101511,3343],{"class":245},[73,101513,84],{"class":83},[73,101515,101516],{"class":245},"group_a",[73,101518,140],{"class":83},[73,101520,101521],{"class":245}," group_b",[73,101523,140],{"class":83},[73,101525,101526],{"class":245}," group_c",[73,101528,249],{"class":83},[73,101530,101531,101533,101535,101537],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,101532,80],{"class":79},[73,101534,84],{"class":83},[73,101536,2800],{"class":245},[73,101538,249],{"class":83},[20,101540,148],{},[64,101542,101544],{"className":66,"code":101543,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101545,101546],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,101547,101548,101550,101552,101554,101556],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,101549,999],{"class":83},[73,101551,2397],{"class":116},[73,101553,140],{"class":83},[73,101555,2982],{"class":116},[73,101557,9814],{"class":83},[20,101559,101560],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[45408,101562],{},[59,101564,101566,11092,101568],{"id":101565},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101567,100659],{},[15,101569,101570],{},"difference_update()",[20,101572,101573],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[403,101575,101576],{"id":3343},[15,101577,100659],{},[33,101579,101580,101583],{},[36,101581,101582],{},"Returns a new set",[36,101584,101585],{},"Does not change the original set",[64,101587,101589],{"className":66,"code":101588,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101590,101591,101615,101631,101635,101653,101657,101667],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,101592,101593,101595,101597,101599,101601,101603,101605,101607,101609,101611,101613],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,101594,3086],{"class":216},[73,101596,221],{"class":220},[73,101598,10997],{"class":83},[73,101600,2397],{"class":116},[73,101602,140],{"class":83},[73,101604,143],{"class":116},[73,101606,140],{"class":83},[73,101608,2982],{"class":116},[73,101610,140],{"class":83},[73,101612,2988],{"class":116},[73,101614,9814],{"class":83},[73,101616,101617,101619,101621,101623,101625,101627,101629],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,101618,3114],{"class":216},[73,101620,221],{"class":220},[73,101622,10997],{"class":83},[73,101624,1304],{"class":116},[73,101626,140],{"class":83},[73,101628,2988],{"class":116},[73,101630,9814],{"class":83},[73,101632,101633],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,101634,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,101636,101637,101639,101641,101643,101645,101647,101649,101651],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,101638,2766],{"class":216},[73,101640,221],{"class":220},[73,101642,57127],{"class":216},[73,101644,653],{"class":83},[73,101646,3343],{"class":245},[73,101648,84],{"class":83},[73,101650,5274],{"class":245},[73,101652,249],{"class":83},[73,101654,101655],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,101656,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,101658,101659,101661,101663,101665],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,101660,80],{"class":79},[73,101662,84],{"class":83},[73,101664,2800],{"class":245},[73,101666,249],{"class":83},[73,101668,101669,101671,101673,101675],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,101670,80],{"class":79},[73,101672,84],{"class":83},[73,101674,646],{"class":245},[73,101676,249],{"class":83},[20,101678,148],{},[64,101680,101682],{"className":66,"code":101681,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101683,101684,101696],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,101685,101686,101688,101690,101692,101694],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,101687,999],{"class":83},[73,101689,2397],{"class":116},[73,101691,140],{"class":83},[73,101693,143],{"class":116},[73,101695,9814],{"class":83},[73,101697,101698,101700,101702,101704,101706,101708,101710,101712,101714],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,101699,999],{"class":83},[73,101701,2397],{"class":116},[73,101703,140],{"class":83},[73,101705,143],{"class":116},[73,101707,140],{"class":83},[73,101709,2982],{"class":116},[73,101711,140],{"class":83},[73,101713,2988],{"class":116},[73,101715,9814],{"class":83},[403,101717,101719],{"id":101718},"difference_update",[15,101720,101570],{},[33,101722,101723,101726],{},[36,101724,101725],{},"Changes the original set",[36,101727,96563],{},[64,101729,101731],{"className":66,"code":101730,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101732,101733,101757,101773,101777,101791,101795],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,101734,101735,101737,101739,101741,101743,101745,101747,101749,101751,101753,101755],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,101736,3086],{"class":216},[73,101738,221],{"class":220},[73,101740,10997],{"class":83},[73,101742,2397],{"class":116},[73,101744,140],{"class":83},[73,101746,143],{"class":116},[73,101748,140],{"class":83},[73,101750,2982],{"class":116},[73,101752,140],{"class":83},[73,101754,2988],{"class":116},[73,101756,9814],{"class":83},[73,101758,101759,101761,101763,101765,101767,101769,101771],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,101760,3114],{"class":216},[73,101762,221],{"class":220},[73,101764,10997],{"class":83},[73,101766,1304],{"class":116},[73,101768,140],{"class":83},[73,101770,2988],{"class":116},[73,101772,9814],{"class":83},[73,101774,101775],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,101776,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,101778,101779,101781,101783,101785,101787,101789],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,101780,646],{"class":216},[73,101782,653],{"class":83},[73,101784,101718],{"class":245},[73,101786,84],{"class":83},[73,101788,5274],{"class":245},[73,101790,249],{"class":83},[73,101792,101793],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,101794,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,101796,101797,101799,101801,101803],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,101798,80],{"class":79},[73,101800,84],{"class":83},[73,101802,646],{"class":245},[73,101804,249],{"class":83},[20,101806,148],{},[64,101808,101809],{"className":66,"code":100752,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,101810,101811],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,101812,101813,101815,101817,101819,101821],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,101814,999],{"class":83},[73,101816,2397],{"class":116},[73,101818,140],{"class":83},[73,101820,143],{"class":116},[73,101822,9814],{"class":83},[20,101824,171,101825,101827],{},[15,101826,100659],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101829,101830,101831,34107],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101832,101570],{},[45408,101834],{},[59,101836,101838,101840,101841,101843],{"id":101837},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101839,100659],{}," vs the ",[15,101842,746],{}," operator",[20,101845,1580,101846,101848,101849,101851],{},[15,101847,746],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101850,100659],{}," for two sets.",[64,101853,101855],{"className":66,"code":101854,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101856,101857,101881,101897,101901,101919],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,101858,101859,101861,101863,101865,101867,101869,101871,101873,101875,101877,101879],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,101860,3086],{"class":216},[73,101862,221],{"class":220},[73,101864,10997],{"class":83},[73,101866,2397],{"class":116},[73,101868,140],{"class":83},[73,101870,143],{"class":116},[73,101872,140],{"class":83},[73,101874,2982],{"class":116},[73,101876,140],{"class":83},[73,101878,2988],{"class":116},[73,101880,9814],{"class":83},[73,101882,101883,101885,101887,101889,101891,101893,101895],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,101884,3114],{"class":216},[73,101886,221],{"class":220},[73,101888,10997],{"class":83},[73,101890,1304],{"class":116},[73,101892,140],{"class":83},[73,101894,2988],{"class":116},[73,101896,9814],{"class":83},[73,101898,101899],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,101900,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,101902,101903,101905,101907,101909,101911,101913,101915,101917],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,101904,80],{"class":79},[73,101906,84],{"class":83},[73,101908,646],{"class":245},[73,101910,653],{"class":83},[73,101912,3343],{"class":245},[73,101914,84],{"class":83},[73,101916,5274],{"class":245},[73,101918,102],{"class":83},[73,101920,101921,101923,101925,101927,101929,101931],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,101922,80],{"class":79},[73,101924,84],{"class":83},[73,101926,3086],{"class":245},[73,101928,746],{"class":220},[73,101930,3091],{"class":245},[73,101932,249],{"class":83},[20,101934,148],{},[64,101936,101938],{"className":66,"code":101937,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101939,101940,101952],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,101941,101942,101944,101946,101948,101950],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,101943,999],{"class":83},[73,101945,2397],{"class":116},[73,101947,140],{"class":83},[73,101949,143],{"class":116},[73,101951,9814],{"class":83},[73,101953,101954,101956,101958,101960,101962],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,101955,999],{"class":83},[73,101957,2397],{"class":116},[73,101959,140],{"class":83},[73,101961,143],{"class":116},[73,101963,9814],{"class":83},[20,101965,101966],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101968,94833,101969,3023],{},[15,101970,100659],{},[33,101972,101973,101976,101979],{},[36,101974,101975],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[36,101977,101978],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[36,101980,101981],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101983,101984],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[64,101986,101988],{"className":66,"code":101987,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101989,101990,102018,102030,102042,102046],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,101991,101992,101994,101996,101998,102000,102002,102004,102006,102008,102010,102012,102014,102016],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,101993,3086],{"class":216},[73,101995,221],{"class":220},[73,101997,10997],{"class":83},[73,101999,2397],{"class":116},[73,102001,140],{"class":83},[73,102003,143],{"class":116},[73,102005,140],{"class":83},[73,102007,2982],{"class":116},[73,102009,140],{"class":83},[73,102011,2988],{"class":116},[73,102013,140],{"class":83},[73,102015,5118],{"class":116},[73,102017,9814],{"class":83},[73,102019,102020,102022,102024,102026,102028],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,102021,3114],{"class":216},[73,102023,221],{"class":220},[73,102025,10997],{"class":83},[73,102027,530],{"class":116},[73,102029,9814],{"class":83},[73,102031,102032,102034,102036,102038,102040],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,102033,83428],{"class":216},[73,102035,221],{"class":220},[73,102037,10997],{"class":83},[73,102039,3036],{"class":116},[73,102041,9814],{"class":83},[73,102043,102044],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,102045,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,102047,102048,102050,102052,102054,102056,102058,102060,102062,102064,102066],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,102049,80],{"class":79},[73,102051,84],{"class":83},[73,102053,646],{"class":245},[73,102055,653],{"class":83},[73,102057,3343],{"class":245},[73,102059,84],{"class":83},[73,102061,5274],{"class":245},[73,102063,140],{"class":83},[73,102065,10187],{"class":245},[73,102067,102],{"class":83},[20,102069,148],{},[64,102071,102073],{"className":66,"code":102072,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,102074,102075],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,102076,102077,102079,102081,102083,102085,102087,102089],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,102078,999],{"class":83},[73,102080,2397],{"class":116},[73,102082,140],{"class":83},[73,102084,2982],{"class":116},[73,102086,140],{"class":83},[73,102088,5118],{"class":116},[73,102090,9814],{"class":83},[20,102092,102093,102094,102096],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,102095,746],{}," operator expression.",[45408,102098],{},[59,102100,5031],{"id":5030},[20,102102,21724,102103,653],{},[15,102104,100659],{},[403,102106,102108],{"id":102107},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,102110,5141,102111,102113,102114,1063],{},[1194,102112,1196],{}," change ",[15,102115,646],{},[64,102117,102119],{"className":66,"code":102118,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102120,102121,102141,102153,102157,102171],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,102122,102123,102125,102127,102129,102131,102133,102135,102137,102139],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,102124,3086],{"class":216},[73,102126,221],{"class":220},[73,102128,10997],{"class":83},[73,102130,2397],{"class":116},[73,102132,140],{"class":83},[73,102134,143],{"class":116},[73,102136,140],{"class":83},[73,102138,2982],{"class":116},[73,102140,9814],{"class":83},[73,102142,102143,102145,102147,102149,102151],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,102144,3114],{"class":216},[73,102146,221],{"class":220},[73,102148,10997],{"class":83},[73,102150,1304],{"class":116},[73,102152,9814],{"class":83},[73,102154,102155],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,102156,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,102158,102159,102161,102163,102165,102167,102169],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,102160,646],{"class":216},[73,102162,653],{"class":83},[73,102164,3343],{"class":245},[73,102166,84],{"class":83},[73,102168,5274],{"class":245},[73,102170,249],{"class":83},[73,102172,102173,102175,102177,102179],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,102174,80],{"class":79},[73,102176,84],{"class":83},[73,102178,646],{"class":245},[73,102180,249],{"class":83},[20,102182,148],{},[64,102184,102185],{"className":66,"code":96852,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,102186,102187],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,102188,102189,102191,102193,102195,102197,102199,102201],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,102190,999],{"class":83},[73,102192,2397],{"class":116},[73,102194,140],{"class":83},[73,102196,143],{"class":116},[73,102198,140],{"class":83},[73,102200,2982],{"class":116},[73,102202,9814],{"class":83},[20,102204,102205],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[64,102207,102209],{"className":66,"code":102208,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102210,102211,102231,102243,102247,102265],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,102212,102213,102215,102217,102219,102221,102223,102225,102227,102229],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,102214,3086],{"class":216},[73,102216,221],{"class":220},[73,102218,10997],{"class":83},[73,102220,2397],{"class":116},[73,102222,140],{"class":83},[73,102224,143],{"class":116},[73,102226,140],{"class":83},[73,102228,2982],{"class":116},[73,102230,9814],{"class":83},[73,102232,102233,102235,102237,102239,102241],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,102234,3114],{"class":216},[73,102236,221],{"class":220},[73,102238,10997],{"class":83},[73,102240,1304],{"class":116},[73,102242,9814],{"class":83},[73,102244,102245],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,102246,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,102248,102249,102251,102253,102255,102257,102259,102261,102263],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,102250,3086],{"class":216},[73,102252,221],{"class":220},[73,102254,57127],{"class":216},[73,102256,653],{"class":83},[73,102258,3343],{"class":245},[73,102260,84],{"class":83},[73,102262,5274],{"class":245},[73,102264,249],{"class":83},[73,102266,102267,102269,102271,102273],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,102268,80],{"class":79},[73,102270,84],{"class":83},[73,102272,646],{"class":245},[73,102274,249],{"class":83},[20,102276,148],{},[64,102278,102279],{"className":66,"code":100752,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,102280,102281],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,102282,102283,102285,102287,102289,102291],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,102284,999],{"class":83},[73,102286,2397],{"class":116},[73,102288,140],{"class":83},[73,102290,143],{"class":116},[73,102292,9814],{"class":83},[403,102294,102296],{"id":102295},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,102298,102299,102302],{},[15,102300,102301],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[33,102304,102305,102310],{},[36,102306,102307,102308],{},"keep items from ",[15,102309,646],{},[36,102311,102312,102313],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,102314,5274],{},[20,102316,41410,102317,102319,102320,102322],{},[1194,102318,1196],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,102321,5274],{},"”.",[20,102324,206],{},[64,102326,102328],{"className":66,"code":102327,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,102329,102330,102350,102370,102374,102392],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,102331,102332,102334,102336,102338,102340,102342,102344,102346,102348],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,102333,3086],{"class":216},[73,102335,221],{"class":220},[73,102337,10997],{"class":83},[73,102339,2397],{"class":116},[73,102341,140],{"class":83},[73,102343,143],{"class":116},[73,102345,140],{"class":83},[73,102347,2982],{"class":116},[73,102349,9814],{"class":83},[73,102351,102352,102354,102356,102358,102360,102362,102364,102366,102368],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,102353,3114],{"class":216},[73,102355,221],{"class":220},[73,102357,10997],{"class":83},[73,102359,1304],{"class":116},[73,102361,140],{"class":83},[73,102363,2988],{"class":116},[73,102365,140],{"class":83},[73,102367,5118],{"class":116},[73,102369,9814],{"class":83},[73,102371,102372],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,102373,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,102375,102376,102378,102380,102382,102384,102386,102388,102390],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,102377,80],{"class":79},[73,102379,84],{"class":83},[73,102381,646],{"class":245},[73,102383,653],{"class":83},[73,102385,3343],{"class":245},[73,102387,84],{"class":83},[73,102389,5274],{"class":245},[73,102391,102],{"class":83},[73,102393,102394,102396,102398,102400,102402,102404,102406,102408],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,102395,80],{"class":79},[73,102397,84],{"class":83},[73,102399,5274],{"class":245},[73,102401,653],{"class":83},[73,102403,3343],{"class":245},[73,102405,84],{"class":83},[73,102407,646],{"class":245},[73,102409,102],{"class":83},[20,102411,148],{},[64,102413,102415],{"className":66,"code":102414,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,102416,102417,102429],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,102418,102419,102421,102423,102425,102427],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,102420,999],{"class":83},[73,102422,2397],{"class":116},[73,102424,140],{"class":83},[73,102426,143],{"class":116},[73,102428,9814],{"class":83},[73,102430,102431,102433,102435,102437,102439],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,102432,999],{"class":83},[73,102434,3036],{"class":116},[73,102436,140],{"class":83},[73,102438,5118],{"class":116},[73,102440,9814],{"class":83},[20,102442,102443],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[403,102445,102447],{"id":102446},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102449,102450,102452],{},[15,102451,100659],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,102454,55558],{},[64,102456,102458],{"className":66,"code":102457,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102459,102460,102480,102496,102500],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,102461,102462,102464,102466,102468,102470,102472,102474,102476,102478],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,102463,3086],{"class":216},[73,102465,221],{"class":220},[73,102467,891],{"class":83},[73,102469,2397],{"class":116},[73,102471,140],{"class":83},[73,102473,143],{"class":116},[73,102475,140],{"class":83},[73,102477,2982],{"class":116},[73,102479,924],{"class":83},[73,102481,102482,102484,102486,102488,102490,102492,102494],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,102483,3114],{"class":216},[73,102485,221],{"class":220},[73,102487,891],{"class":83},[73,102489,1304],{"class":116},[73,102491,140],{"class":83},[73,102493,2988],{"class":116},[73,102495,924],{"class":83},[73,102497,102498],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,102499,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,102501,102502],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,102503,102504],{"class":769},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102506,102507],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[64,102509,102511],{"className":66,"code":102510,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102512,102513,102533,102549,102553,102579],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,102514,102515,102517,102519,102521,102523,102525,102527,102529,102531],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,102516,3086],{"class":216},[73,102518,221],{"class":220},[73,102520,891],{"class":83},[73,102522,2397],{"class":116},[73,102524,140],{"class":83},[73,102526,143],{"class":116},[73,102528,140],{"class":83},[73,102530,2982],{"class":116},[73,102532,924],{"class":83},[73,102534,102535,102537,102539,102541,102543,102545,102547],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,102536,3114],{"class":216},[73,102538,221],{"class":220},[73,102540,891],{"class":83},[73,102542,1304],{"class":116},[73,102544,140],{"class":83},[73,102546,2988],{"class":116},[73,102548,924],{"class":83},[73,102550,102551],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,102552,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,102554,102555,102557,102559,102561,102563,102565,102567,102569,102571,102573,102575,102577],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,102556,2766],{"class":216},[73,102558,221],{"class":220},[73,102560,16143],{"class":87},[73,102562,84],{"class":83},[73,102564,646],{"class":245},[73,102566,9139],{"class":83},[73,102568,3343],{"class":245},[73,102570,84],{"class":83},[73,102572,6798],{"class":87},[73,102574,84],{"class":83},[73,102576,5274],{"class":245},[73,102578,102],{"class":83},[73,102580,102581,102583,102585,102587],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,102582,80],{"class":79},[73,102584,84],{"class":83},[73,102586,2800],{"class":245},[73,102588,249],{"class":83},[20,102590,148],{},[64,102592,102593],{"className":66,"code":100752,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,102594,102595],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,102596,102597,102599,102601,102603,102605],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,102598,999],{"class":83},[73,102600,2397],{"class":116},[73,102602,140],{"class":83},[73,102604,143],{"class":116},[73,102606,9814],{"class":83},[403,102608,102610],{"id":102609},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102612,102613],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[64,102615,102617],{"className":66,"code":102616,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102618,102619,102651,102667,102671],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,102620,102621,102623,102625,102627,102629,102631,102633,102635,102637,102639,102641,102643,102645,102647,102649],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,102622,3086],{"class":216},[73,102624,221],{"class":220},[73,102626,10997],{"class":83},[73,102628,94],{"class":93},[73,102630,37554],{"class":97},[73,102632,94],{"class":93},[73,102634,140],{"class":83},[73,102636,224],{"class":93},[73,102638,58367],{"class":97},[73,102640,94],{"class":93},[73,102642,140],{"class":83},[73,102644,224],{"class":93},[73,102646,58384],{"class":97},[73,102648,94],{"class":93},[73,102650,9814],{"class":83},[73,102652,102653,102655,102657,102659,102661,102663,102665],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,102654,3114],{"class":216},[73,102656,221],{"class":220},[73,102658,10997],{"class":83},[73,102660,94],{"class":93},[73,102662,58367],{"class":97},[73,102664,94],{"class":93},[73,102666,9814],{"class":83},[73,102668,102669],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,102670,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,102672,102673,102675,102677,102679,102681,102683,102685,102687],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,102674,80],{"class":79},[73,102676,84],{"class":83},[73,102678,646],{"class":245},[73,102680,653],{"class":83},[73,102682,3343],{"class":245},[73,102684,84],{"class":83},[73,102686,5274],{"class":245},[73,102688,102],{"class":83},[20,102690,102691],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[403,102693,102695],{"id":102694},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102697,102698],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[64,102700,102702],{"className":66,"code":102701,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102703,102704,102732,102744,102748,102758],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,102705,102706,102708,102710,102712,102714,102716,102718,102720,102722,102724,102726,102728,102730],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,102707,3086],{"class":216},[73,102709,221],{"class":220},[73,102711,10997],{"class":83},[73,102713,2397],{"class":116},[73,102715,140],{"class":83},[73,102717,2085],{"class":116},[73,102719,140],{"class":83},[73,102721,143],{"class":116},[73,102723,140],{"class":83},[73,102725,143],{"class":116},[73,102727,140],{"class":83},[73,102729,2982],{"class":116},[73,102731,9814],{"class":83},[73,102733,102734,102736,102738,102740,102742],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,102735,3114],{"class":216},[73,102737,221],{"class":220},[73,102739,10997],{"class":83},[73,102741,1304],{"class":116},[73,102743,9814],{"class":83},[73,102745,102746],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,102747,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,102749,102750,102752,102754,102756],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,102751,80],{"class":79},[73,102753,84],{"class":83},[73,102755,646],{"class":245},[73,102757,249],{"class":83},[73,102759,102760,102762,102764,102766,102768,102770,102772,102774],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,102761,80],{"class":79},[73,102763,84],{"class":83},[73,102765,646],{"class":245},[73,102767,653],{"class":83},[73,102769,3343],{"class":245},[73,102771,84],{"class":83},[73,102773,5274],{"class":245},[73,102775,102],{"class":83},[20,102777,148],{},[64,102779,102781],{"className":66,"code":102780,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102782,102783,102799],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,102784,102785,102787,102789,102791,102793,102795,102797],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,102786,999],{"class":83},[73,102788,2397],{"class":116},[73,102790,140],{"class":83},[73,102792,143],{"class":116},[73,102794,140],{"class":83},[73,102796,2982],{"class":116},[73,102798,9814],{"class":83},[73,102800,102801,102803,102805,102807,102809],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,102802,999],{"class":83},[73,102804,2397],{"class":116},[73,102806,140],{"class":83},[73,102808,143],{"class":116},[73,102810,9814],{"class":83},[20,102812,102813,102814,102816],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102815,100659],{}," runs.",[403,102818,102820],{"id":102819},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102822,102823],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[64,102825,102827],{"className":66,"code":102826,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102828,102829,102853,102873,102877,102887,102897,102915,102937],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,102830,102831,102833,102835,102837,102839,102841,102843,102845,102847,102849,102851],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,102832,3086],{"class":216},[73,102834,221],{"class":220},[73,102836,10997],{"class":83},[73,102838,2397],{"class":116},[73,102840,140],{"class":83},[73,102842,143],{"class":116},[73,102844,140],{"class":83},[73,102846,2982],{"class":116},[73,102848,140],{"class":83},[73,102850,2988],{"class":116},[73,102852,9814],{"class":83},[73,102854,102855,102857,102859,102861,102863,102865,102867,102869,102871],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,102856,3114],{"class":216},[73,102858,221],{"class":220},[73,102860,10997],{"class":83},[73,102862,1304],{"class":116},[73,102864,140],{"class":83},[73,102866,2988],{"class":116},[73,102868,140],{"class":83},[73,102870,5118],{"class":116},[73,102872,9814],{"class":83},[73,102874,102875],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,102876,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,102878,102879,102881,102883,102885],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,102880,80],{"class":79},[73,102882,84],{"class":83},[73,102884,646],{"class":245},[73,102886,249],{"class":83},[73,102888,102889,102891,102893,102895],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,102890,80],{"class":79},[73,102892,84],{"class":83},[73,102894,5274],{"class":245},[73,102896,249],{"class":83},[73,102898,102899,102901,102903,102905,102907,102909,102911,102913],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,102900,80],{"class":79},[73,102902,84],{"class":83},[73,102904,646],{"class":245},[73,102906,653],{"class":83},[73,102908,3343],{"class":245},[73,102910,84],{"class":83},[73,102912,5274],{"class":245},[73,102914,102],{"class":83},[73,102916,102917,102919,102921,102923,102925,102927,102929,102931,102933,102935],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,102918,80],{"class":79},[73,102920,84],{"class":83},[73,102922,288],{"class":87},[73,102924,84],{"class":83},[73,102926,646],{"class":245},[73,102928,653],{"class":83},[73,102930,3343],{"class":245},[73,102932,84],{"class":83},[73,102934,5274],{"class":245},[73,102936,1784],{"class":83},[73,102938,102939,102941,102943,102945,102947,102949,102951,102953,102955,102957],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,102940,80],{"class":79},[73,102942,84],{"class":83},[73,102944,11670],{"class":79},[73,102946,84],{"class":83},[73,102948,646],{"class":245},[73,102950,653],{"class":83},[73,102952,3343],{"class":245},[73,102954,84],{"class":83},[73,102956,5274],{"class":245},[73,102958,1784],{"class":83},[20,102960,11679],{},[33,102962,102963,102966,102969,102972],{},[36,102964,102965],{},"what is in each set",[36,102967,102968],{},"what result Python creates",[36,102970,102971],{},"that the result is a set",[36,102973,102974],{},"how many items remain",[45408,102976],{},[59,102978,2350],{"id":2349},[403,102980,2354,102982,102984],{"id":102981},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102983,100659],{}," change the original set?",[20,102986,102987],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[403,102989,5691,102991,1647,102993,3023],{"id":102990},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102992,100659],{},[15,102994,101570],{},[20,102996,102997,102999,103000,103002],{},[15,102998,100659],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,103001,101570],{}," modifies the original set.",[403,103004,28838,103006,103008],{"id":103005},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,103007,100659],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,103010,103011],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[403,103013,103015],{"id":103014},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,103017,103018],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[45408,103020],{},[59,103022,2413],{"id":2412},[33,103024,103025,103029,103037],{},[36,103026,103027],{},[646,103028,96573],{"href":97744},[36,103030,103031],{},[646,103032,97059,103034,11248],{"href":103033},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,103035,103036],{},"intersection()",[36,103038,103039],{},[646,103040,97059,103042,11248],{"href":103041},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,103043,103044],{},"union()",[2459,103046,103047],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":103049},[103050,103051,103053,103054,103055,103056,103058,103063,103065,103073,103082],{"id":4123,"depth":105,"text":4124},{"id":100781,"depth":105,"text":103052},"What difference() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":17929,"depth":105,"text":17930},{"id":11984,"depth":105,"text":11985},{"id":101400,"depth":105,"text":103057},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101565,"depth":105,"text":103059,"children":103060},"difference() vs difference_update()",[103061,103062],{"id":3343,"depth":122,"text":100659},{"id":101718,"depth":122,"text":101570},{"id":101837,"depth":105,"text":103064},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":5030,"depth":105,"text":5031,"children":103066},[103067,103068,103069,103070,103071,103072],{"id":102107,"depth":122,"text":102108},{"id":102295,"depth":122,"text":102296},{"id":102446,"depth":122,"text":102447},{"id":102609,"depth":122,"text":102610},{"id":102694,"depth":122,"text":102695},{"id":102819,"depth":122,"text":102820},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":103074},[103075,103077,103079,103081],{"id":102981,"depth":122,"text":103076},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102990,"depth":122,"text":103078},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":103005,"depth":122,"text":103080},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":103014,"depth":122,"text":103015},{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100651,"description":103083},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":103090,"title":103091,"body":103092,"description":104787,"extension":2511,"meta":104788,"navigation":254,"path":104789,"seo":104790,"stem":104791,"__hash__":104792},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":103093,"toc":104749},[103094,103100,103106,103119,103121,103222,103224,103269,103274,103279,103283,103297,103300,103308,103310,103329,103347,103351,103404,103406,103427,103434,103439,103466,103473,103572,103574,103611,103619,103623,103629,103632,103705,103707,103715,103720,103789,103791,103816,103818,103821,103924,103926,103987,103990,103994,104000,104073,104075,104108,104111,104114,104154,104160,104183,104188,104192,104203,104206,104208,104212,104218,104220,104277,104287,104289,104342,104349,104354,104422,104430,104436,104440,104442,104481,104486,104535,104539,104542,104544,104583,104586,104588,104593,104650,104652,104666,104668,104672,104678,104683,104688,104695,104706,104712,104717,104719,104746],[10,103095,96445,103097,11831],{"id":103096},"python-set-discard-method",[15,103098,103099],{},"discard()",[20,103101,103102,103105],{},[15,103103,103104],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,103107,103108,103109,2728,103114,1192,103116,103118],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[646,103110,103111],{"href":98454},[15,103112,103113],{},"set.remove()",[15,103115,103099],{},[1194,103117,1196],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[59,103120,62],{"id":61},[64,103122,103124],{"className":66,"code":103123,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103125,103126,103158,103177,103187,103191,103212],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,103127,103128,103130,103132,103134,103136,103138,103140,103142,103144,103146,103148,103150,103152,103154,103156],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,103129,13586],{"class":216},[73,103131,221],{"class":220},[73,103133,10997],{"class":83},[73,103135,94],{"class":93},[73,103137,13603],{"class":97},[73,103139,94],{"class":93},[73,103141,140],{"class":83},[73,103143,224],{"class":93},[73,103145,13620],{"class":97},[73,103147,94],{"class":93},[73,103149,140],{"class":83},[73,103151,224],{"class":93},[73,103153,17967],{"class":97},[73,103155,94],{"class":93},[73,103157,9814],{"class":83},[73,103159,103160,103162,103164,103167,103169,103171,103173,103175],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,103161,18014],{"class":216},[73,103163,653],{"class":83},[73,103165,103166],{"class":245},"discard",[73,103168,84],{"class":83},[73,103170,94],{"class":93},[73,103172,13620],{"class":97},[73,103174,94],{"class":93},[73,103176,249],{"class":83},[73,103178,103179,103181,103183,103185],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,103180,80],{"class":79},[73,103182,84],{"class":83},[73,103184,18014],{"class":245},[73,103186,249],{"class":83},[73,103188,103189],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,103190,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,103192,103193,103195,103197,103199,103201,103203,103205,103207,103209],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,103194,18014],{"class":216},[73,103196,653],{"class":83},[73,103198,103166],{"class":245},[73,103200,84],{"class":83},[73,103202,94],{"class":93},[73,103204,23033],{"class":97},[73,103206,94],{"class":93},[73,103208,4177],{"class":83},[73,103210,103211],{"class":769},"  # no error if missing\n",[73,103213,103214,103216,103218,103220],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,103215,80],{"class":79},[73,103217,84],{"class":83},[73,103219,18014],{"class":245},[73,103221,249],{"class":83},[20,103223,30536],{},[64,103225,103227],{"className":66,"code":103226,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103228,103229,103249],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,103230,103231,103233,103235,103237,103239,103241,103243,103245,103247],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,103232,999],{"class":83},[73,103234,343],{"class":93},[73,103236,13603],{"class":97},[73,103238,343],{"class":93},[73,103240,140],{"class":83},[73,103242,337],{"class":93},[73,103244,17967],{"class":97},[73,103246,343],{"class":93},[73,103248,9814],{"class":83},[73,103250,103251,103253,103255,103257,103259,103261,103263,103265,103267],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,103252,999],{"class":83},[73,103254,343],{"class":93},[73,103256,13603],{"class":97},[73,103258,343],{"class":93},[73,103260,140],{"class":83},[73,103262,337],{"class":93},[73,103264,17967],{"class":97},[73,103266,343],{"class":93},[73,103268,9814],{"class":83},[20,103270,171,103271,103273],{},[15,103272,103099],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[59,103275,178,103277,181],{"id":103276},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,103278,103104],{},[20,103280,103281,1063],{},[15,103282,103099],{},[33,103284,103285,103288,103291,103293],{},[36,103286,103287],{},"Removes one item from a set",[36,103289,103290],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[36,103292,96560],{},[36,103294,11933,103295],{},[15,103296,1842],{},[20,103298,103299],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,103301,96569,103302,3408,103305,653],{},[646,103303,103304],{"href":99036},"what a set is in Python",[646,103306,103307],{"href":98128},"how to create a set",[59,103309,370],{"id":369},[64,103311,103313],{"className":66,"code":103312,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,103314,103315],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,103316,103317,103319,103321,103323,103325,103327],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,103318,16176],{"class":216},[73,103320,653],{"class":83},[73,103322,103166],{"class":245},[73,103324,84],{"class":83},[73,103326,967],{"class":245},[73,103328,249],{"class":83},[33,103330,103331,103336,103341,103344],{},[36,103332,103333,103335],{},[15,103334,16176],{}," is the set you want to change",[36,103337,103338,103340],{},[15,103339,967],{}," is the item you want to remove",[36,103342,103343],{},"The set must already exist",[36,103345,103346],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[403,103348,103350],{"id":103349},"example","Example",[64,103352,103354],{"className":66,"code":103353,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103355,103356,103380,103394],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,103357,103358,103360,103362,103364,103366,103368,103370,103372,103374,103376,103378],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,103359,4134],{"class":216},[73,103361,221],{"class":220},[73,103363,10997],{"class":83},[73,103365,2397],{"class":116},[73,103367,140],{"class":83},[73,103369,143],{"class":116},[73,103371,140],{"class":83},[73,103373,2982],{"class":116},[73,103375,140],{"class":83},[73,103377,2988],{"class":116},[73,103379,9814],{"class":83},[73,103381,103382,103384,103386,103388,103390,103392],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,103383,4164],{"class":216},[73,103385,653],{"class":83},[73,103387,103166],{"class":245},[73,103389,84],{"class":83},[73,103391,1304],{"class":116},[73,103393,249],{"class":83},[73,103395,103396,103398,103400,103402],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,103397,80],{"class":79},[73,103399,84],{"class":83},[73,103401,4164],{"class":245},[73,103403,249],{"class":83},[20,103405,148],{},[64,103407,103409],{"className":66,"code":103408,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,103410,103411],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,103412,103413,103415,103417,103419,103421,103423,103425],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,103414,999],{"class":83},[73,103416,2397],{"class":116},[73,103418,140],{"class":83},[73,103420,143],{"class":116},[73,103422,140],{"class":83},[73,103424,2988],{"class":116},[73,103426,9814],{"class":83},[59,103428,103430,103431,103433],{"id":103429},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103432,103099],{}," different",[20,103435,103436,103438],{},[15,103437,103099],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[33,103440,103441,103454,103463],{},[36,103442,103443,103444,2728,103448,103450,103451,103453],{},"Unlike ",[646,103445,103446],{"href":98454},[15,103447,55768],{},[15,103449,103099],{}," does not raise ",[15,103452,20199],{}," when the item is missing",[36,103455,103443,103456,2728,103460,103462],{},[646,103457,103458],{"href":98459},[15,103459,13273],{},[15,103461,103099],{}," removes a specific item",[36,103464,103465],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[403,103467,103469,11092,103471],{"id":103468},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103470,103099],{},[15,103472,55768],{},[64,103474,103476],{"className":66,"code":103475,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103477,103478,103502,103506,103527,103537,103541,103562],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,103479,103480,103482,103484,103486,103488,103490,103492,103494,103496,103498,103500],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,103481,8289],{"class":216},[73,103483,221],{"class":220},[73,103485,10997],{"class":83},[73,103487,94],{"class":93},[73,103489,4590],{"class":97},[73,103491,94],{"class":93},[73,103493,140],{"class":83},[73,103495,224],{"class":93},[73,103497,4599],{"class":97},[73,103499,94],{"class":93},[73,103501,9814],{"class":83},[73,103503,103504],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,103505,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,103507,103508,103510,103512,103514,103516,103518,103520,103522,103524],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,103509,8320],{"class":216},[73,103511,653],{"class":83},[73,103513,103166],{"class":245},[73,103515,84],{"class":83},[73,103517,94],{"class":93},[73,103519,33727],{"class":97},[73,103521,94],{"class":93},[73,103523,4177],{"class":83},[73,103525,103526],{"class":769},"   # no error\n",[73,103528,103529,103531,103533,103535],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,103530,80],{"class":79},[73,103532,84],{"class":83},[73,103534,8320],{"class":245},[73,103536,249],{"class":83},[73,103538,103539],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,103540,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,103542,103543,103545,103547,103549,103551,103553,103555,103557,103559],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,103544,8320],{"class":216},[73,103546,653],{"class":83},[73,103548,35300],{"class":245},[73,103550,84],{"class":83},[73,103552,94],{"class":93},[73,103554,4599],{"class":97},[73,103556,94],{"class":93},[73,103558,4177],{"class":83},[73,103560,103561],{"class":769},"    # removes existing item\n",[73,103563,103564,103566,103568,103570],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,103565,80],{"class":79},[73,103567,84],{"class":83},[73,103569,8320],{"class":245},[73,103571,249],{"class":83},[20,103573,148],{},[64,103575,103577],{"className":66,"code":103576,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103578,103579,103599],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,103580,103581,103583,103585,103587,103589,103591,103593,103595,103597],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,103582,999],{"class":83},[73,103584,343],{"class":93},[73,103586,4590],{"class":97},[73,103588,343],{"class":93},[73,103590,140],{"class":83},[73,103592,337],{"class":93},[73,103594,4599],{"class":97},[73,103596,343],{"class":93},[73,103598,9814],{"class":83},[73,103600,103601,103603,103605,103607,103609],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,103602,999],{"class":83},[73,103604,343],{"class":93},[73,103606,4590],{"class":97},[73,103608,343],{"class":93},[73,103610,9814],{"class":83},[20,103612,40849,103613,103615,103616,103618],{},[15,103614,55768],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[646,103617,11583],{"href":11582}," for more help with that case.",[59,103620,103622],{"id":103621},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103624,103625,2928,103627,653],{},[15,103626,103099],{},[15,103628,1842],{},[20,103630,103631],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[64,103633,103635],{"className":66,"code":103634,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103636,103637,103669,103691,103695],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,103638,103639,103641,103643,103645,103647,103649,103651,103653,103655,103657,103659,103661,103663,103665,103667],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,103640,13586],{"class":216},[73,103642,221],{"class":220},[73,103644,10997],{"class":83},[73,103646,94],{"class":93},[73,103648,13603],{"class":97},[73,103650,94],{"class":93},[73,103652,140],{"class":83},[73,103654,224],{"class":93},[73,103656,13620],{"class":97},[73,103658,94],{"class":93},[73,103660,140],{"class":83},[73,103662,224],{"class":93},[73,103664,17967],{"class":97},[73,103666,94],{"class":93},[73,103668,9814],{"class":83},[73,103670,103671,103673,103675,103677,103679,103681,103683,103685,103687,103689],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,103672,2766],{"class":216},[73,103674,221],{"class":220},[73,103676,13634],{"class":216},[73,103678,653],{"class":83},[73,103680,103166],{"class":245},[73,103682,84],{"class":83},[73,103684,94],{"class":93},[73,103686,13620],{"class":97},[73,103688,94],{"class":93},[73,103690,249],{"class":83},[73,103692,103693],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,103694,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,103696,103697,103699,103701,103703],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,103698,80],{"class":79},[73,103700,84],{"class":83},[73,103702,2800],{"class":245},[73,103704,249],{"class":83},[20,103706,148],{},[64,103708,103709],{"className":66,"code":12319,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,103710,103711],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,103712,103713],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,103714,12319],{"class":484},[20,103716,103717,103718,1063],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103719,18014],{},[64,103721,103723],{"className":66,"code":103722,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103724,103725,103757,103775,103779],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,103726,103727,103729,103731,103733,103735,103737,103739,103741,103743,103745,103747,103749,103751,103753,103755],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,103728,13586],{"class":216},[73,103730,221],{"class":220},[73,103732,10997],{"class":83},[73,103734,94],{"class":93},[73,103736,13603],{"class":97},[73,103738,94],{"class":93},[73,103740,140],{"class":83},[73,103742,224],{"class":93},[73,103744,13620],{"class":97},[73,103746,94],{"class":93},[73,103748,140],{"class":83},[73,103750,224],{"class":93},[73,103752,17967],{"class":97},[73,103754,94],{"class":93},[73,103756,9814],{"class":83},[73,103758,103759,103761,103763,103765,103767,103769,103771,103773],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,103760,18014],{"class":216},[73,103762,653],{"class":83},[73,103764,103166],{"class":245},[73,103766,84],{"class":83},[73,103768,94],{"class":93},[73,103770,13620],{"class":97},[73,103772,94],{"class":93},[73,103774,249],{"class":83},[73,103776,103777],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,103778,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,103780,103781,103783,103785,103787],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,103782,80],{"class":79},[73,103784,84],{"class":83},[73,103786,18014],{"class":245},[73,103788,249],{"class":83},[20,103790,148],{},[64,103792,103794],{"className":66,"code":103793,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103795,103796],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,103797,103798,103800,103802,103804,103806,103808,103810,103812,103814],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,103799,999],{"class":83},[73,103801,343],{"class":93},[73,103803,13603],{"class":97},[73,103805,343],{"class":93},[73,103807,140],{"class":83},[73,103809,337],{"class":93},[73,103811,17967],{"class":97},[73,103813,343],{"class":93},[73,103815,9814],{"class":83},[59,103817,11985],{"id":11984},[20,103819,103820],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[64,103822,103824],{"className":66,"code":103823,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103825,103826,103858,103862,103880,103884,103902,103906],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,103827,103828,103830,103832,103834,103836,103838,103840,103842,103844,103846,103848,103850,103852,103854,103856],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,103829,36746],{"class":216},[73,103831,221],{"class":220},[73,103833,10997],{"class":83},[73,103835,94],{"class":93},[73,103837,4590],{"class":97},[73,103839,94],{"class":93},[73,103841,140],{"class":83},[73,103843,224],{"class":93},[73,103845,4599],{"class":97},[73,103847,94],{"class":93},[73,103849,140],{"class":83},[73,103851,224],{"class":93},[73,103853,33727],{"class":97},[73,103855,94],{"class":93},[73,103857,9814],{"class":83},[73,103859,103860],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,103861,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,103863,103864,103866,103868,103870,103872,103874,103876,103878],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,103865,80],{"class":79},[73,103867,84],{"class":83},[73,103869,94],{"class":93},[73,103871,12074],{"class":97},[73,103873,94],{"class":93},[73,103875,140],{"class":83},[73,103877,53090],{"class":245},[73,103879,249],{"class":83},[73,103881,103882],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,103883,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,103885,103886,103888,103890,103892,103894,103896,103898,103900],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,103887,36798],{"class":216},[73,103889,653],{"class":83},[73,103891,103166],{"class":245},[73,103893,84],{"class":83},[73,103895,94],{"class":93},[73,103897,4599],{"class":97},[73,103899,94],{"class":93},[73,103901,249],{"class":83},[73,103903,103904],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,103905,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,103907,103908,103910,103912,103914,103916,103918,103920,103922],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,103909,80],{"class":79},[73,103911,84],{"class":83},[73,103913,94],{"class":93},[73,103915,12114],{"class":97},[73,103917,94],{"class":93},[73,103919,140],{"class":83},[73,103921,53090],{"class":245},[73,103923,249],{"class":83},[20,103925,148],{},[64,103927,103929],{"className":66,"code":103928,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103930,103931,103963],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,103932,103933,103935,103937,103939,103941,103943,103945,103947,103949,103951,103953,103955,103957,103959,103961],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,103934,12134],{"class":216},[73,103936,1063],{"class":83},[73,103938,10997],{"class":83},[73,103940,343],{"class":93},[73,103942,4599],{"class":97},[73,103944,343],{"class":93},[73,103946,140],{"class":83},[73,103948,337],{"class":93},[73,103950,4590],{"class":97},[73,103952,343],{"class":93},[73,103954,140],{"class":83},[73,103956,337],{"class":93},[73,103958,33727],{"class":97},[73,103960,343],{"class":93},[73,103962,9814],{"class":83},[73,103964,103965,103967,103969,103971,103973,103975,103977,103979,103981,103983,103985],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,103966,12187],{"class":216},[73,103968,1063],{"class":83},[73,103970,10997],{"class":83},[73,103972,343],{"class":93},[73,103974,4590],{"class":97},[73,103976,343],{"class":93},[73,103978,140],{"class":83},[73,103980,337],{"class":93},[73,103982,33727],{"class":97},[73,103984,343],{"class":93},[73,103986,9814],{"class":83},[20,103988,103989],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[59,103991,103993],{"id":103992},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103995,103996,103997,103999],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103998,103099],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[64,104001,104003],{"className":66,"code":104002,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,104004,104005,104037,104041,104059,104063],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,104006,104007,104009,104011,104013,104015,104017,104019,104021,104023,104025,104027,104029,104031,104033,104035],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,104008,36746],{"class":216},[73,104010,221],{"class":220},[73,104012,10997],{"class":83},[73,104014,94],{"class":93},[73,104016,4590],{"class":97},[73,104018,94],{"class":93},[73,104020,140],{"class":83},[73,104022,224],{"class":93},[73,104024,4599],{"class":97},[73,104026,94],{"class":93},[73,104028,140],{"class":83},[73,104030,224],{"class":93},[73,104032,33727],{"class":97},[73,104034,94],{"class":93},[73,104036,9814],{"class":83},[73,104038,104039],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,104040,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,104042,104043,104045,104047,104049,104051,104053,104055,104057],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,104044,36798],{"class":216},[73,104046,653],{"class":83},[73,104048,103166],{"class":245},[73,104050,84],{"class":83},[73,104052,94],{"class":93},[73,104054,23042],{"class":97},[73,104056,94],{"class":93},[73,104058,249],{"class":83},[73,104060,104061],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,104062,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,104064,104065,104067,104069,104071],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,104066,80],{"class":79},[73,104068,84],{"class":83},[73,104070,36798],{"class":245},[73,104072,249],{"class":83},[20,104074,148],{},[64,104076,104078],{"className":66,"code":104077,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,104079,104080],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,104081,104082,104084,104086,104088,104090,104092,104094,104096,104098,104100,104102,104104,104106],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,104083,999],{"class":83},[73,104085,343],{"class":93},[73,104087,4599],{"class":97},[73,104089,343],{"class":93},[73,104091,140],{"class":83},[73,104093,337],{"class":93},[73,104095,4590],{"class":97},[73,104097,343],{"class":93},[73,104099,140],{"class":83},[73,104101,337],{"class":93},[73,104103,33727],{"class":97},[73,104105,343],{"class":93},[73,104107,9814],{"class":83},[20,104109,104110],{},"No error happens here.",[20,104112,104113],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[64,104115,104117],{"className":66,"code":104116,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,104118,104119,104135],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,104120,104121,104123,104125,104127,104129,104131,104133],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,104122,7507],{"class":933},[73,104124,224],{"class":93},[73,104126,23042],{"class":97},[73,104128,94],{"class":93},[73,104130,21686],{"class":220},[73,104132,53090],{"class":216},[73,104134,946],{"class":83},[73,104136,104137,104140,104142,104144,104146,104148,104150,104152],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,104138,104139],{"class":216},"    fruits",[73,104141,653],{"class":83},[73,104143,35300],{"class":245},[73,104145,84],{"class":83},[73,104147,94],{"class":93},[73,104149,23042],{"class":97},[73,104151,94],{"class":93},[73,104153,249],{"class":83},[20,104155,104156,104157,104159],{},"With ",[15,104158,103099],{},", you can simply write:",[64,104161,104163],{"className":66,"code":104162,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,104164,104165],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,104166,104167,104169,104171,104173,104175,104177,104179,104181],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,104168,36798],{"class":216},[73,104170,653],{"class":83},[73,104172,103166],{"class":245},[73,104174,84],{"class":83},[73,104176,94],{"class":93},[73,104178,23042],{"class":97},[73,104180,94],{"class":93},[73,104182,249],{"class":83},[59,104184,1999,104186],{"id":104185},"when-to-use-discard",[15,104187,103099],{},[20,104189,171,104190,11108],{},[15,104191,103099],{},[33,104193,104194,104197,104200],{},[36,104195,104196],{},"Missing values are normal",[36,104198,104199],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[36,104201,104202],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,104204,104205],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[59,104207,2102],{"id":2101},[20,104209,8956,104210,653],{},[15,104211,103099],{},[403,104213,2300,104215,104217],{"id":104214},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,104216,103099],{}," to return the changed set",[20,104219,5038],{},[64,104221,104223],{"className":66,"code":104222,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104224,104225,104245,104263,104267],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,104226,104227,104229,104231,104233,104235,104237,104239,104241,104243],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,104228,4134],{"class":216},[73,104230,221],{"class":220},[73,104232,10997],{"class":83},[73,104234,2397],{"class":116},[73,104236,140],{"class":83},[73,104238,143],{"class":116},[73,104240,140],{"class":83},[73,104242,2982],{"class":116},[73,104244,9814],{"class":83},[73,104246,104247,104249,104251,104253,104255,104257,104259,104261],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,104248,4134],{"class":216},[73,104250,221],{"class":220},[73,104252,4775],{"class":216},[73,104254,653],{"class":83},[73,104256,103166],{"class":245},[73,104258,84],{"class":83},[73,104260,530],{"class":116},[73,104262,249],{"class":83},[73,104264,104265],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,104266,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,104268,104269,104271,104273,104275],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,104270,80],{"class":79},[73,104272,84],{"class":83},[73,104274,4164],{"class":245},[73,104276,249],{"class":83},[20,104278,104279,1301,104281,1631,104283,2928,104285,653],{},[15,104280,4164],{},[15,104282,1842],{},[15,104284,103099],{},[15,104286,1842],{},[20,104288,2133],{},[64,104290,104292],{"className":66,"code":104291,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104293,104294,104314,104328,104332],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,104295,104296,104298,104300,104302,104304,104306,104308,104310,104312],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,104297,4134],{"class":216},[73,104299,221],{"class":220},[73,104301,10997],{"class":83},[73,104303,2397],{"class":116},[73,104305,140],{"class":83},[73,104307,143],{"class":116},[73,104309,140],{"class":83},[73,104311,2982],{"class":116},[73,104313,9814],{"class":83},[73,104315,104316,104318,104320,104322,104324,104326],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,104317,4164],{"class":216},[73,104319,653],{"class":83},[73,104321,103166],{"class":245},[73,104323,84],{"class":83},[73,104325,530],{"class":116},[73,104327,249],{"class":83},[73,104329,104330],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,104331,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,104333,104334,104336,104338,104340],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,104335,80],{"class":79},[73,104337,84],{"class":83},[73,104339,4164],{"class":245},[73,104341,249],{"class":83},[403,104343,37711,104345,9213,104347],{"id":104344},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,104346,103099],{},[15,104348,55768],{},[20,104350,104351,104352,653],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,104353,103099],{},[64,104355,104357],{"className":66,"code":104356,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,104358,104359,104391,104412],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,104360,104361,104363,104365,104367,104369,104371,104373,104375,104377,104379,104381,104383,104385,104387,104389],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,104362,36597],{"class":216},[73,104364,221],{"class":220},[73,104366,10997],{"class":83},[73,104368,94],{"class":93},[73,104370,646],{"class":97},[73,104372,94],{"class":93},[73,104374,140],{"class":83},[73,104376,224],{"class":93},[73,104378,5274],{"class":97},[73,104380,94],{"class":93},[73,104382,140],{"class":83},[73,104384,224],{"class":93},[73,104386,10245],{"class":97},[73,104388,94],{"class":93},[73,104390,9814],{"class":83},[73,104392,104393,104395,104397,104399,104401,104403,104405,104407,104409],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,104394,36650],{"class":216},[73,104396,653],{"class":83},[73,104398,103166],{"class":245},[73,104400,84],{"class":83},[73,104402,94],{"class":93},[73,104404,22588],{"class":97},[73,104406,94],{"class":93},[73,104408,4177],{"class":83},[73,104410,104411],{"class":769},"   # safe\n",[73,104413,104414,104416,104418,104420],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,104415,80],{"class":79},[73,104417,84],{"class":83},[73,104419,36650],{"class":245},[73,104421,249],{"class":83},[20,104423,104424,104425,46399,104428,653],{},"If you use ",[15,104426,104427],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104429,20199],{},[403,104431,26127,104433,104435],{"id":104432},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104434,103099],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104437,104438,102452],{},[15,104439,103099],{},[20,104441,17154],{},[64,104443,104445],{"className":66,"code":104444,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104446,104447,104467],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,104448,104449,104451,104453,104455,104457,104459,104461,104463,104465],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,104450,8289],{"class":216},[73,104452,221],{"class":220},[73,104454,891],{"class":83},[73,104456,2397],{"class":116},[73,104458,140],{"class":83},[73,104460,143],{"class":116},[73,104462,140],{"class":83},[73,104464,2982],{"class":116},[73,104466,924],{"class":83},[73,104468,104469,104471,104473,104475,104477,104479],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,104470,8320],{"class":216},[73,104472,653],{"class":83},[73,104474,103166],{"class":245},[73,104476,84],{"class":83},[73,104478,530],{"class":116},[73,104480,249],{"class":83},[20,104482,104483,104484,1063],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104485,103099],{},[64,104487,104489],{"className":66,"code":104488,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104490,104491,104511,104525],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,104492,104493,104495,104497,104499,104501,104503,104505,104507,104509],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,104494,8289],{"class":216},[73,104496,221],{"class":220},[73,104498,10997],{"class":83},[73,104500,2397],{"class":116},[73,104502,140],{"class":83},[73,104504,143],{"class":116},[73,104506,140],{"class":83},[73,104508,2982],{"class":116},[73,104510,9814],{"class":83},[73,104512,104513,104515,104517,104519,104521,104523],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,104514,8320],{"class":216},[73,104516,653],{"class":83},[73,104518,103166],{"class":245},[73,104520,84],{"class":83},[73,104522,530],{"class":116},[73,104524,249],{"class":83},[73,104526,104527,104529,104531,104533],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,104528,80],{"class":79},[73,104530,84],{"class":83},[73,104532,8320],{"class":245},[73,104534,249],{"class":83},[403,104536,104538],{"id":104537},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104540,104541],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104543,3367],{},[64,104545,104547],{"className":66,"code":104546,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104548,104549,104569],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,104550,104551,104553,104555,104557,104559,104561,104563,104565,104567],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,104552,9672],{"class":216},[73,104554,221],{"class":220},[73,104556,10997],{"class":83},[73,104558,2397],{"class":116},[73,104560,140],{"class":83},[73,104562,143],{"class":116},[73,104564,140],{"class":83},[73,104566,2982],{"class":116},[73,104568,9814],{"class":83},[73,104570,104571,104573,104575,104577,104579,104581],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,104572,9710],{"class":216},[73,104574,653],{"class":83},[73,104576,103166],{"class":245},[73,104578,3510],{"class":83},[73,104580,530],{"class":116},[73,104582,4398],{"class":83},[20,104584,104585],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[59,104587,9381],{"id":9380},[20,104589,9384,104590,104592],{},[15,104591,103099],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[64,104594,104596],{"className":66,"code":104595,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104597,104598,104608,104622,104636],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,104599,104600,104602,104604,104606],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,104601,80],{"class":79},[73,104603,84],{"class":83},[73,104605,16176],{"class":245},[73,104607,249],{"class":83},[73,104609,104610,104612,104614,104616,104618,104620],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,104611,80],{"class":79},[73,104613,84],{"class":83},[73,104615,288],{"class":87},[73,104617,84],{"class":83},[73,104619,16176],{"class":245},[73,104621,102],{"class":83},[73,104623,104624,104626,104628,104630,104632,104634],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,104625,80],{"class":79},[73,104627,84],{"class":83},[73,104629,2202],{"class":245},[73,104631,940],{"class":933},[73,104633,97169],{"class":245},[73,104635,249],{"class":83},[73,104637,104638,104640,104642,104644,104646,104648],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,104639,32659],{"class":79},[73,104641,84],{"class":83},[73,104643,6798],{"class":87},[73,104645,653],{"class":83},[73,104647,103166],{"class":25260},[73,104649,249],{"class":83},[20,104651,11679],{},[33,104653,104654,104657,104660,104663],{},[36,104655,104656],{},"What is currently in the set",[36,104658,104659],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[36,104661,104662],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[36,104664,104665],{},"How Python documents the method",[59,104667,2350],{"id":2349},[403,104669,104671],{"id":104670},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104673,104674,104675,104677],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104676,103099],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[403,104679,2387,104681,2391],{"id":104680},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104682,103104],{},[20,104684,2394,104685,104687],{},[15,104686,1842],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[403,104689,5691,104691,1647,104693,3023],{"id":104690},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104692,103099],{},[15,104694,55768],{},[20,104696,104697,104698,27048,104700,104702,104703,104705],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104699,55768],{},[15,104701,20199],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104704,103099],{}," does not.",[403,104707,28838,104709,104711],{"id":104708},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104710,103099],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104713,2360,104714,104716],{},[15,104715,103099],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[59,104718,2413],{"id":2412},[33,104720,104721,104727,104733,104738,104742],{},[36,104722,104723],{},[646,104724,97059,104725,11248],{"href":98454},[15,104726,55768],{},[36,104728,104729],{},[646,104730,97059,104731,11248],{"href":98459},[15,104732,13273],{},[36,104734,104735],{},[646,104736,104737],{"href":98128},"Python set: creating a set",[36,104739,104740],{},[646,104741,100594],{"href":99036},[36,104743,104744],{},[646,104745,11771],{"href":11582},[2459,104747,104748],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":104750},[104751,104752,104754,104757,104762,104763,104764,104765,104767,104776,104777,104786],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":103276,"depth":105,"text":104753},"What set.discard() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370,"children":104755},[104756],{"id":103349,"depth":122,"text":103350},{"id":103429,"depth":105,"text":104758,"children":104759},"What makes discard() different",[104760],{"id":103468,"depth":122,"text":104761},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103621,"depth":105,"text":103622},{"id":11984,"depth":105,"text":11985},{"id":103992,"depth":105,"text":103993},{"id":104185,"depth":105,"text":104766},"When to use discard()",{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102,"children":104768},[104769,104771,104773,104775],{"id":104214,"depth":122,"text":104770},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104344,"depth":122,"text":104772},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104432,"depth":122,"text":104774},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104537,"depth":122,"text":104538},{"id":9380,"depth":105,"text":9381},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":104778},[104779,104780,104782,104784],{"id":104670,"depth":122,"text":104671},{"id":104680,"depth":122,"text":104781},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104690,"depth":122,"text":104783},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104708,"depth":122,"text":104785},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":103091,"description":104787},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104794,"title":104795,"body":104796,"description":106802,"extension":2511,"meta":106803,"navigation":254,"path":106804,"seo":106805,"stem":106806,"__hash__":106807},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104797,"toc":106760},[104798,104801,104809,104814,104825,104827,104882,104886,104906,104911,104915,104920,104922,104936,104938,105013,105015,105048,105053,105058,105060,105062,105077,105080,105088,105093,105108,105110,105199,105201,105290,105296,105300,105302,105340,105342,105366,105369,105384,105386,105441,105443,105476,105478,105483,105487,105491,105496,105561,105563,105583,105589,105593,105650,105652,105673,105677,105682,105727,105729,105762,105765,105769,105802,105804,105833,105837,105841,105844,105846,105865,105867,105913,105918,105932,105934,105965,105970,105973,106017,106019,106047,106051,106055,106071,106074,106139,106141,106153,106156,106160,106163,106168,106196,106198,106216,106222,106261,106263,106281,106287,106316,106318,106336,106339,106356,106358,106363,106367,106370,106396,106403,106408,106423,106432,106436,106439,106470,106476,106479,106488,106491,106493,106495,106553,106556,106581,106583,106587,106590,106594,106602,106606,106609,106613,106616,106618,106641,106643,106684,106691,106699,106702,106733,106735,106757],[10,104799,104795],{"id":104800},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104802,9629,104803,104805,104806,653],{},[15,104804,4310],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[1194,104807,104808],{},"unique values only",[20,104810,28,104811,104813],{},[15,104812,4310],{}," to:",[33,104815,104816,104819,104822],{},[36,104817,104818],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[36,104820,104821],{},"check whether a value exists",[36,104823,104824],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[59,104826,62],{"id":61},[64,104828,104830],{"className":66,"code":104829,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104831,104832,104856,104871],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,104833,104834,104836,104838,104840,104842,104844,104846,104848,104850,104852,104854],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,104835,4134],{"class":216},[73,104837,221],{"class":220},[73,104839,891],{"class":83},[73,104841,2397],{"class":116},[73,104843,140],{"class":83},[73,104845,143],{"class":116},[73,104847,140],{"class":83},[73,104849,143],{"class":116},[73,104851,140],{"class":83},[73,104853,2982],{"class":116},[73,104855,924],{"class":83},[73,104857,104858,104861,104863,104865,104867,104869],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,104859,104860],{"class":216},"unique_numbers ",[73,104862,221],{"class":220},[73,104864,16143],{"class":87},[73,104866,84],{"class":83},[73,104868,4164],{"class":245},[73,104870,249],{"class":83},[73,104872,104873,104875,104877,104880],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,104874,80],{"class":79},[73,104876,84],{"class":83},[73,104878,104879],{"class":245},"unique_numbers",[73,104881,249],{"class":83},[20,104883,104884],{},[1194,104885,148],{},[64,104887,104888],{"className":66,"code":96852,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,104889,104890],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,104891,104892,104894,104896,104898,104900,104902,104904],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,104893,999],{"class":83},[73,104895,2397],{"class":116},[73,104897,140],{"class":83},[73,104899,143],{"class":116},[73,104901,140],{"class":83},[73,104903,2982],{"class":116},[73,104905,9814],{"class":83},[20,104907,171,104908,104910],{},[15,104909,4310],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[59,104912,104914],{"id":104913},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104916,104917,104919],{},[15,104918,4310],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104921,31046],{},[33,104923,104924,104927,104930,104933],{},[36,104925,104926],{},"A set stores unique items only",[36,104928,104929],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[36,104931,104932],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[36,104934,104935],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104937,206],{},[64,104939,104941],{"className":66,"code":104940,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104942,104943,104983,104998,105002],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,104944,104945,104947,104949,104951,104953,104955,104957,104959,104961,104963,104965,104967,104969,104971,104973,104975,104977,104979,104981],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,104946,13586],{"class":216},[73,104948,221],{"class":220},[73,104950,891],{"class":83},[73,104952,94],{"class":93},[73,104954,13603],{"class":97},[73,104956,94],{"class":93},[73,104958,140],{"class":83},[73,104960,224],{"class":93},[73,104962,13620],{"class":97},[73,104964,94],{"class":93},[73,104966,140],{"class":83},[73,104968,224],{"class":93},[73,104970,13603],{"class":97},[73,104972,94],{"class":93},[73,104974,140],{"class":83},[73,104976,224],{"class":93},[73,104978,17967],{"class":97},[73,104980,94],{"class":93},[73,104982,924],{"class":83},[73,104984,104985,104988,104990,104992,104994,104996],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,104986,104987],{"class":216},"unique_colors ",[73,104989,221],{"class":220},[73,104991,16143],{"class":87},[73,104993,84],{"class":83},[73,104995,18014],{"class":245},[73,104997,249],{"class":83},[73,104999,105000],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,105001,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,105003,105004,105006,105008,105011],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,105005,80],{"class":79},[73,105007,84],{"class":83},[73,105009,105010],{"class":245},"unique_colors",[73,105012,249],{"class":83},[20,105014,30536],{},[64,105016,105018],{"className":66,"code":105017,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,105019,105020],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105021,105022,105024,105026,105028,105030,105032,105034,105036,105038,105040,105042,105044,105046],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105023,999],{"class":83},[73,105025,343],{"class":93},[73,105027,13620],{"class":97},[73,105029,343],{"class":93},[73,105031,140],{"class":83},[73,105033,337],{"class":93},[73,105035,17967],{"class":97},[73,105037,343],{"class":93},[73,105039,140],{"class":83},[73,105041,337],{"class":93},[73,105043,13603],{"class":97},[73,105045,343],{"class":93},[73,105047,9814],{"class":83},[20,105049,2822,105050,105052],{},[15,105051,65634],{}," appears only once.",[20,105054,105055,105056,653],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[646,105057,96573],{"href":96572},[59,105059,370],{"id":369},[20,105061,2700],{},[64,105063,105065],{"className":66,"code":105064,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set(iterable)\n",[15,105066,105067],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105068,105069,105071,105073,105075],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105070,6798],{"class":87},[73,105072,84],{"class":83},[73,105074,4235],{"class":245},[73,105076,249],{"class":83},[20,105078,105079],{},"The argument is optional.",[33,105081,105082,105085],{},[36,105083,105084],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[36,105086,105087],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,105089,105090,105091,1063],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,105092,4310],{},[33,105094,105095,105097,105099,105101,105105],{},[36,105096,8604],{},[36,105098,49190],{},[36,105100,61415],{},[36,105102,105103],{},[15,105104,36705],{},[36,105106,105107],{},"another set",[20,105109,2667],{},[64,105111,105113],{"className":66,"code":105112,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,105114,105115,105141,105163,105181],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105116,105117,105119,105121,105123,105125,105127,105129,105131,105133,105135,105137,105139],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105118,80],{"class":79},[73,105120,84],{"class":83},[73,105122,6798],{"class":87},[73,105124,3510],{"class":83},[73,105126,2397],{"class":116},[73,105128,140],{"class":83},[73,105130,143],{"class":116},[73,105132,140],{"class":83},[73,105134,143],{"class":116},[73,105136,140],{"class":83},[73,105138,2982],{"class":116},[73,105140,3523],{"class":83},[73,105142,105143,105145,105147,105149,105151,105153,105155,105157,105159,105161],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,105144,80],{"class":79},[73,105146,84],{"class":83},[73,105148,6798],{"class":87},[73,105150,6023],{"class":83},[73,105152,452],{"class":116},[73,105154,140],{"class":83},[73,105156,8300],{"class":116},[73,105158,140],{"class":83},[73,105160,6516],{"class":116},[73,105162,1784],{"class":83},[73,105164,105165,105167,105169,105171,105173,105175,105177,105179],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,105166,80],{"class":79},[73,105168,84],{"class":83},[73,105170,6798],{"class":87},[73,105172,84],{"class":83},[73,105174,94],{"class":93},[73,105176,4357],{"class":97},[73,105178,94],{"class":93},[73,105180,102],{"class":83},[73,105182,105183,105185,105187,105189,105191,105193,105195,105197],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,105184,80],{"class":79},[73,105186,84],{"class":83},[73,105188,6798],{"class":87},[73,105190,84],{"class":83},[73,105192,60239],{"class":79},[73,105194,84],{"class":83},[73,105196,3036],{"class":116},[73,105198,1784],{"class":83},[20,105200,30536],{},[64,105202,105204],{"className":66,"code":105203,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,105205,105206,105222,105234,105270],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105207,105208,105210,105212,105214,105216,105218,105220],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105209,999],{"class":83},[73,105211,2397],{"class":116},[73,105213,140],{"class":83},[73,105215,143],{"class":116},[73,105217,140],{"class":83},[73,105219,2982],{"class":116},[73,105221,9814],{"class":83},[73,105223,105224,105226,105228,105230,105232],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,105225,999],{"class":83},[73,105227,452],{"class":116},[73,105229,140],{"class":83},[73,105231,8300],{"class":116},[73,105233,9814],{"class":83},[73,105235,105236,105238,105240,105242,105244,105246,105248,105250,105252,105254,105256,105258,105260,105262,105264,105266,105268],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,105237,999],{"class":83},[73,105239,343],{"class":93},[73,105241,60679],{"class":97},[73,105243,343],{"class":93},[73,105245,140],{"class":83},[73,105247,337],{"class":93},[73,105249,60688],{"class":97},[73,105251,343],{"class":93},[73,105253,140],{"class":83},[73,105255,337],{"class":93},[73,105257,60697],{"class":97},[73,105259,343],{"class":93},[73,105261,140],{"class":83},[73,105263,337],{"class":93},[73,105265,60714],{"class":97},[73,105267,343],{"class":93},[73,105269,9814],{"class":83},[73,105271,105272,105274,105276,105278,105280,105282,105284,105286,105288],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,105273,999],{"class":83},[73,105275,806],{"class":116},[73,105277,140],{"class":83},[73,105279,2085],{"class":116},[73,105281,140],{"class":83},[73,105283,143],{"class":116},[73,105285,140],{"class":83},[73,105287,2982],{"class":116},[73,105289,9814],{"class":83},[20,105291,105292,105293,653],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[646,105294,105295],{"href":65089},"Python list() function explained",[59,105297,105299],{"id":105298},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,105301,98525],{},[64,105303,105304],{"className":66,"code":99490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,105305,105306,105316,105326],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105307,105308,105310,105312,105314],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105309,98535],{"class":216},[73,105311,221],{"class":220},[73,105313,16143],{"class":87},[73,105315,9151],{"class":83},[73,105317,105318,105320,105322,105324],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,105319,80],{"class":79},[73,105321,84],{"class":83},[73,105323,98554],{"class":245},[73,105325,249],{"class":83},[73,105327,105328,105330,105332,105334,105336,105338],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,105329,80],{"class":79},[73,105331,84],{"class":83},[73,105333,288],{"class":87},[73,105335,84],{"class":83},[73,105337,98554],{"class":245},[73,105339,102],{"class":83},[20,105341,148],{},[64,105343,105344],{"className":66,"code":99533,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,105345,105346,105352],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105347,105348,105350],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105349,6798],{"class":87},[73,105351,9151],{"class":83},[73,105353,105354,105356,105358,105360,105362,105364],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,105355,330],{"class":220},[73,105357,334],{"class":333},[73,105359,337],{"class":93},[73,105361,6798],{"class":97},[73,105363,343],{"class":93},[73,105365,346],{"class":220},[20,105367,105368],{},"This is important because:",[33,105370,105371,105376],{},[36,105372,105373,105375],{},[15,105374,4310],{}," creates an empty set",[36,105377,105378,105380,105381,105383],{},[15,105379,4305],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[1194,105382,1196],{}," a set",[20,105385,206],{},[64,105387,105389],{"className":66,"code":105388,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,105390,105391,105401,105409,105413,105427],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105392,105393,105395,105397,105399],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105394,3086],{"class":216},[73,105396,221],{"class":220},[73,105398,16143],{"class":87},[73,105400,9151],{"class":83},[73,105402,105403,105405,105407],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,105404,3114],{"class":216},[73,105406,221],{"class":220},[73,105408,10344],{"class":83},[73,105410,105411],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,105412,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,105414,105415,105417,105419,105421,105423,105425],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,105416,80],{"class":79},[73,105418,84],{"class":83},[73,105420,288],{"class":87},[73,105422,84],{"class":83},[73,105424,646],{"class":245},[73,105426,102],{"class":83},[73,105428,105429,105431,105433,105435,105437,105439],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,105430,80],{"class":79},[73,105432,84],{"class":83},[73,105434,288],{"class":87},[73,105436,84],{"class":83},[73,105438,5274],{"class":245},[73,105440,102],{"class":83},[20,105442,148],{},[64,105444,105446],{"className":66,"code":105445,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105447,105448,105462],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105449,105450,105452,105454,105456,105458,105460],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105451,330],{"class":220},[73,105453,334],{"class":333},[73,105455,337],{"class":93},[73,105457,6798],{"class":97},[73,105459,343],{"class":93},[73,105461,346],{"class":220},[73,105463,105464,105466,105468,105470,105472,105474],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,105465,330],{"class":220},[73,105467,334],{"class":333},[73,105469,337],{"class":93},[73,105471,9330],{"class":97},[73,105473,343],{"class":93},[73,105475,346],{"class":220},[20,105477,14559],{},[20,105479,105480,105481,653],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[646,105482,104737],{"href":96576},[59,105484,105486],{"id":105485},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[403,105488,105490],{"id":105489},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105492,105493,105494,653],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105495,4310],{},[64,105497,105499],{"className":66,"code":105498,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105500,105501,105533,105547,105551],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105502,105503,105505,105507,105509,105511,105513,105515,105517,105519,105521,105523,105525,105527,105529,105531],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105504,4134],{"class":216},[73,105506,221],{"class":220},[73,105508,891],{"class":83},[73,105510,2397],{"class":116},[73,105512,140],{"class":83},[73,105514,143],{"class":116},[73,105516,140],{"class":83},[73,105518,143],{"class":116},[73,105520,140],{"class":83},[73,105522,2982],{"class":116},[73,105524,140],{"class":83},[73,105526,2982],{"class":116},[73,105528,140],{"class":83},[73,105530,2982],{"class":116},[73,105532,924],{"class":83},[73,105534,105535,105537,105539,105541,105543,105545],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,105536,2766],{"class":216},[73,105538,221],{"class":220},[73,105540,16143],{"class":87},[73,105542,84],{"class":83},[73,105544,4164],{"class":245},[73,105546,249],{"class":83},[73,105548,105549],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,105550,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,105552,105553,105555,105557,105559],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,105554,80],{"class":79},[73,105556,84],{"class":83},[73,105558,2800],{"class":245},[73,105560,249],{"class":83},[20,105562,148],{},[64,105564,105565],{"className":66,"code":96852,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,105566,105567],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105568,105569,105571,105573,105575,105577,105579,105581],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105570,999],{"class":83},[73,105572,2397],{"class":116},[73,105574,140],{"class":83},[73,105576,143],{"class":116},[73,105578,140],{"class":83},[73,105580,2982],{"class":116},[73,105582,9814],{"class":83},[20,105584,105585,105586,653],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[646,105587,99323],{"href":105588},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[403,105590,105592],{"id":105591},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[64,105594,105596],{"className":66,"code":105595,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105597,105598,105622,105636,105640],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105599,105600,105602,105604,105606,105608,105610,105612,105614,105616,105618,105620],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105601,886],{"class":216},[73,105603,221],{"class":220},[73,105605,9742],{"class":83},[73,105607,688],{"class":116},[73,105609,140],{"class":83},[73,105611,5118],{"class":116},[73,105613,140],{"class":83},[73,105615,6516],{"class":116},[73,105617,140],{"class":83},[73,105619,38443],{"class":116},[73,105621,249],{"class":83},[73,105623,105624,105626,105628,105630,105632,105634],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,105625,2766],{"class":216},[73,105627,221],{"class":220},[73,105629,16143],{"class":87},[73,105631,84],{"class":83},[73,105633,5871],{"class":245},[73,105635,249],{"class":83},[73,105637,105638],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,105639,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,105641,105642,105644,105646,105648],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,105643,80],{"class":79},[73,105645,84],{"class":83},[73,105647,2800],{"class":245},[73,105649,249],{"class":83},[20,105651,148],{},[64,105653,105655],{"className":66,"code":105654,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105656,105657],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105658,105659,105661,105663,105665,105667,105669,105671],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105660,999],{"class":83},[73,105662,688],{"class":116},[73,105664,140],{"class":83},[73,105666,6516],{"class":116},[73,105668,140],{"class":83},[73,105670,38443],{"class":116},[73,105672,9814],{"class":83},[403,105674,105676],{"id":105675},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105678,51365,105679,105681],{},[15,105680,4310],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[64,105683,105685],{"className":66,"code":105684,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105686,105687,105699,105713,105717],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105688,105689,105691,105693,105695,105697],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105690,217],{"class":216},[73,105692,221],{"class":220},[73,105694,224],{"class":93},[73,105696,4599],{"class":97},[73,105698,230],{"class":93},[73,105700,105701,105703,105705,105707,105709,105711],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,105702,2766],{"class":216},[73,105704,221],{"class":220},[73,105706,16143],{"class":87},[73,105708,84],{"class":83},[73,105710,246],{"class":245},[73,105712,249],{"class":83},[73,105714,105715],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,105716,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,105718,105719,105721,105723,105725],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,105720,80],{"class":79},[73,105722,84],{"class":83},[73,105724,2800],{"class":245},[73,105726,249],{"class":83},[20,105728,30536],{},[64,105730,105732],{"className":66,"code":105731,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105733,105734],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105735,105736,105738,105740,105742,105744,105746,105748,105750,105752,105754,105756,105758,105760],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105737,999],{"class":83},[73,105739,343],{"class":93},[73,105741,5274],{"class":97},[73,105743,343],{"class":93},[73,105745,140],{"class":83},[73,105747,337],{"class":93},[73,105749,646],{"class":97},[73,105751,343],{"class":93},[73,105753,140],{"class":83},[73,105755,337],{"class":93},[73,105757,76272],{"class":97},[73,105759,343],{"class":93},[73,105761,9814],{"class":83},[20,105763,105764],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[403,105766,105768],{"id":105767},"from-range","From range()",[64,105770,105772],{"className":66,"code":105771,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105773,105774,105792],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105775,105776,105778,105780,105782,105784,105786,105788,105790],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105777,2766],{"class":216},[73,105779,221],{"class":220},[73,105781,16143],{"class":87},[73,105783,84],{"class":83},[73,105785,60239],{"class":79},[73,105787,84],{"class":83},[73,105789,688],{"class":116},[73,105791,102],{"class":83},[73,105793,105794,105796,105798,105800],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,105795,80],{"class":79},[73,105797,84],{"class":83},[73,105799,2800],{"class":245},[73,105801,249],{"class":83},[20,105803,148],{},[64,105805,105807],{"className":66,"code":105806,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105808,105809],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105810,105811,105813,105815,105817,105819,105821,105823,105825,105827,105829,105831],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105812,999],{"class":83},[73,105814,806],{"class":116},[73,105816,140],{"class":83},[73,105818,2085],{"class":116},[73,105820,140],{"class":83},[73,105822,143],{"class":116},[73,105824,140],{"class":83},[73,105826,2982],{"class":116},[73,105828,140],{"class":83},[73,105830,2988],{"class":116},[73,105832,9814],{"class":83},[59,105834,105836],{"id":105835},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105838,99770,105839,653],{},[1194,105840,96616],{},[20,105842,105843],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105845,99776],{},[33,105847,105848,105852,105856,105860],{},[36,105849,105850],{},[15,105851,88],{},[36,105853,105854],{},[15,105855,340],{},[36,105857,105858],{},[15,105859,1773],{},[36,105861,105862,105864],{},[15,105863,49190],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105866,206],{},[64,105868,105870],{"className":66,"code":105869,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105871,105872,105903],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105873,105874,105876,105878,105880,105882,105884,105886,105888,105890,105892,105894,105896,105898,105900],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105875,8289],{"class":216},[73,105877,221],{"class":220},[73,105879,10997],{"class":83},[73,105881,2397],{"class":116},[73,105883,140],{"class":83},[73,105885,224],{"class":93},[73,105887,4357],{"class":97},[73,105889,94],{"class":93},[73,105891,140],{"class":83},[73,105893,9742],{"class":83},[73,105895,452],{"class":116},[73,105897,140],{"class":83},[73,105899,8300],{"class":116},[73,105901,105902],{"class":83},")}\n",[73,105904,105905,105907,105909,105911],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,105906,80],{"class":79},[73,105908,84],{"class":83},[73,105910,8320],{"class":245},[73,105912,249],{"class":83},[20,105914,99838,105915,105917],{},[1194,105916,1196],{}," work inside a set:",[33,105919,105920,105924,105928],{},[36,105921,105922],{},[15,105923,8604],{},[36,105925,105926],{},[15,105927,9330],{},[36,105929,105930],{},[15,105931,6798],{},[20,105933,97341],{},[64,105935,105937],{"className":66,"code":105936,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105938,105939],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105940,105941,105943,105945,105947,105949,105951,105953,105955,105957,105959,105961,105963],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105942,99857],{"class":216},[73,105944,221],{"class":220},[73,105946,99862],{"class":83},[73,105948,2397],{"class":116},[73,105950,140],{"class":83},[73,105952,143],{"class":116},[73,105954,18574],{"class":83},[73,105956,891],{"class":83},[73,105958,1304],{"class":116},[73,105960,140],{"class":83},[73,105962,2988],{"class":116},[73,105964,14217],{"class":83},[20,105966,77100,105967,105969],{},[15,105968,1630],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105971,105972],{},"A safer example:",[64,105974,105976],{"className":66,"code":105975,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105977,105978,106006],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,105979,105980,105983,105985,105988,105990,105992,105994,105996,105998,106000,106002,106004],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,105981,105982],{"class":216},"good_set ",[73,105984,221],{"class":220},[73,105986,105987],{"class":83}," {(",[73,105989,2397],{"class":116},[73,105991,140],{"class":83},[73,105993,143],{"class":116},[73,105995,9739],{"class":83},[73,105997,9742],{"class":83},[73,105999,1304],{"class":116},[73,106001,140],{"class":83},[73,106003,2988],{"class":116},[73,106005,105902],{"class":83},[73,106007,106008,106010,106012,106015],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,106009,80],{"class":79},[73,106011,84],{"class":83},[73,106013,106014],{"class":245},"good_set",[73,106016,249],{"class":83},[20,106018,148],{},[64,106020,106022],{"className":66,"code":106021,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,106023,106024],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,106025,106026,106029,106031,106033,106035,106037,106039,106041,106043,106045],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,106027,106028],{"class":83},"{(",[73,106030,2397],{"class":116},[73,106032,140],{"class":83},[73,106034,143],{"class":116},[73,106036,9739],{"class":83},[73,106038,9742],{"class":83},[73,106040,1304],{"class":116},[73,106042,140],{"class":83},[73,106044,2988],{"class":116},[73,106046,105902],{"class":83},[59,106048,106050],{"id":106049},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,106052,171,106053,11108],{},[15,106054,4310],{},[33,106056,106057,106060,106065,106068],{},[36,106058,106059],{},"you need unique values only",[36,106061,106062,106063],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,106064,940],{},[36,106066,106067],{},"order does not matter",[36,106069,106070],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,106072,106073],{},"Example of membership checking:",[64,106075,106077],{"className":66,"code":106076,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,106078,106079,106104,106108,106124],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,106080,106081,106084,106086,106088,106090,106092,106094,106097,106099,106102],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,106082,106083],{"class":216},"allowed_ids ",[73,106085,221],{"class":220},[73,106087,16143],{"class":87},[73,106089,3510],{"class":83},[73,106091,135],{"class":116},[73,106093,140],{"class":83},[73,106095,106096],{"class":116}," 102",[73,106098,140],{"class":83},[73,106100,106101],{"class":116}," 103",[73,106103,4398],{"class":83},[73,106105,106106],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,106107,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,106109,106110,106112,106114,106117,106119,106122],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,106111,80],{"class":79},[73,106113,84],{"class":83},[73,106115,106116],{"class":116},"102",[73,106118,21686],{"class":933},[73,106120,106121],{"class":245}," allowed_ids",[73,106123,249],{"class":83},[73,106125,106126,106128,106130,106133,106135,106137],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,106127,80],{"class":79},[73,106129,84],{"class":83},[73,106131,106132],{"class":116},"999",[73,106134,21686],{"class":933},[73,106136,106121],{"class":245},[73,106138,249],{"class":83},[20,106140,148],{},[64,106142,106143],{"className":66,"code":44666,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,106144,106145,106149],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,106146,106147],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,106148,4490],{"class":484},[73,106150,106151],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,106152,4551],{"class":484},[20,106154,106155],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[59,106157,106159],{"id":106158},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,106161,106162],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[403,106164,171,106166,98467],{"id":106165},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,106167,4310],{},[64,106169,106170],{"className":66,"code":98528,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,106171,106172,106182],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,106173,106174,106176,106178,106180],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,106175,98535],{"class":216},[73,106177,221],{"class":220},[73,106179,16143],{"class":87},[73,106181,9151],{"class":83},[73,106183,106184,106186,106188,106190,106192,106194],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,106185,80],{"class":79},[73,106187,84],{"class":83},[73,106189,288],{"class":87},[73,106191,84],{"class":83},[73,106193,98554],{"class":245},[73,106195,102],{"class":83},[20,106197,148],{},[64,106199,106200],{"className":66,"code":9361,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,106201,106202],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,106203,106204,106206,106208,106210,106212,106214],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,106205,330],{"class":220},[73,106207,334],{"class":333},[73,106209,337],{"class":93},[73,106211,6798],{"class":97},[73,106213,343],{"class":93},[73,106215,346],{"class":220},[403,106217,171,106219,106221],{"id":106218},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,106220,100527],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[64,106223,106225],{"className":66,"code":106224,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,106226,106227,106247],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,106228,106229,106231,106233,106235,106237,106239,106241,106243,106245],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,106230,4134],{"class":216},[73,106232,221],{"class":220},[73,106234,10997],{"class":83},[73,106236,2397],{"class":116},[73,106238,140],{"class":83},[73,106240,143],{"class":116},[73,106242,140],{"class":83},[73,106244,2982],{"class":116},[73,106246,9814],{"class":83},[73,106248,106249,106251,106253,106255,106257,106259],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,106250,80],{"class":79},[73,106252,84],{"class":83},[73,106254,288],{"class":87},[73,106256,84],{"class":83},[73,106258,4164],{"class":245},[73,106260,102],{"class":83},[20,106262,148],{},[64,106264,106265],{"className":66,"code":9361,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,106266,106267],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,106268,106269,106271,106273,106275,106277,106279],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,106270,330],{"class":220},[73,106272,334],{"class":333},[73,106274,337],{"class":93},[73,106276,6798],{"class":97},[73,106278,343],{"class":93},[73,106280,346],{"class":220},[403,106282,171,106284,106286],{"id":106283},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,106285,4305],{}," for an empty dictionary",[64,106288,106290],{"className":66,"code":106289,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,106291,106292,106301],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,106293,106294,106297,106299],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,106295,106296],{"class":216},"empty_dict ",[73,106298,221],{"class":220},[73,106300,10344],{"class":83},[73,106302,106303,106305,106307,106309,106311,106314],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,106304,80],{"class":79},[73,106306,84],{"class":83},[73,106308,288],{"class":87},[73,106310,84],{"class":83},[73,106312,106313],{"class":245},"empty_dict",[73,106315,102],{"class":83},[20,106317,148],{},[64,106319,106320],{"className":66,"code":9317,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,106321,106322],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,106323,106324,106326,106328,106330,106332,106334],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,106325,330],{"class":220},[73,106327,334],{"class":333},[73,106329,337],{"class":93},[73,106331,9330],{"class":97},[73,106333,343],{"class":93},[73,106335,346],{"class":220},[20,106337,106338],{},"So the rule is simple:",[33,106340,106341,106346,106351],{},[36,106342,106343,106345],{},[15,106344,4310],{}," → empty set",[36,106347,106348,106350],{},[15,106349,100527],{}," → non-empty set",[36,106352,106353,106355],{},[15,106354,4305],{}," → empty dictionary",[59,106357,2102],{"id":2101},[20,106359,106360,106361,653],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,106362,4310],{},[403,106364,657,106365,100125],{"id":100122},[15,106366,4305],{},[20,106368,106369],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[64,106371,106372],{"className":66,"code":100131,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,106373,106374,106382],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,106375,106376,106378,106380],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,106377,2202],{"class":216},[73,106379,221],{"class":220},[73,106381,10344],{"class":83},[73,106383,106384,106386,106388,106390,106392,106394],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,106385,80],{"class":79},[73,106387,84],{"class":83},[73,106389,288],{"class":87},[73,106391,84],{"class":83},[73,106393,967],{"class":245},[73,106395,102],{"class":83},[403,106397,106399,106400],{"id":106398},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,106401,106402],{},"set(5)",[20,106404,106405,106407],{},[15,106406,4310],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[64,106409,106411],{"className":66,"code":106410,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set(5)\n",[15,106412,106413],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,106414,106415,106417,106419,106421],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,106416,6798],{"class":87},[73,106418,84],{"class":83},[73,106420,688],{"class":116},[73,106422,249],{"class":83},[20,106424,3526,106425,106427,106428,653],{},[15,106426,1630],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[646,106429,106431],{"href":106430},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[403,106433,106435],{"id":106434},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106437,106438],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[64,106440,106442],{"className":66,"code":106441,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106443,106444],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,106445,106446,106448,106450,106452,106454,106456,106458,106460,106462,106464,106466,106468],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,106447,2202],{"class":216},[73,106449,221],{"class":220},[73,106451,99862],{"class":83},[73,106453,2397],{"class":116},[73,106455,140],{"class":83},[73,106457,143],{"class":116},[73,106459,18574],{"class":83},[73,106461,891],{"class":83},[73,106463,1304],{"class":116},[73,106465,140],{"class":83},[73,106467,2988],{"class":116},[73,106469,14217],{"class":83},[403,106471,2300,106473,106475],{"id":106472},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106474,4310],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106477,106478],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[403,106480,37711,106482,9213,106484,3408,106486],{"id":106481},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106483,4310],{},[15,106485,25291],{},[15,106487,9626],{},[20,106489,106490],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[59,106492,60951],{"id":60950},[20,106494,11621],{},[64,106496,106498],{"className":66,"code":106497,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106499,106500,106515,106525,106539],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,106501,106502,106504,106506,106508,106510,106513],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,106503,80],{"class":79},[73,106505,84],{"class":83},[73,106507,288],{"class":87},[73,106509,84],{"class":83},[73,106511,106512],{"class":245},"my_value",[73,106514,102],{"class":83},[73,106516,106517,106519,106521,106523],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,106518,80],{"class":79},[73,106520,84],{"class":83},[73,106522,106512],{"class":245},[73,106524,249],{"class":83},[73,106526,106527,106529,106531,106533,106535,106537],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,106528,80],{"class":79},[73,106530,84],{"class":83},[73,106532,8604],{"class":87},[73,106534,84],{"class":83},[73,106536,16176],{"class":245},[73,106538,102],{"class":83},[73,106540,106541,106543,106545,106547,106549,106551],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,106542,80],{"class":79},[73,106544,84],{"class":83},[73,106546,11670],{"class":79},[73,106548,84],{"class":83},[73,106550,16176],{"class":245},[73,106552,102],{"class":83},[20,106554,106555],{},"What they help you see:",[33,106557,106558,106564,106569,106575],{},[36,106559,106560,106563],{},[15,106561,106562],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[36,106565,106566,90791],{},[15,106567,106568],{},"print(my_value)",[36,106570,106571,106574],{},[15,106572,106573],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[36,106576,106577,106580],{},[15,106578,106579],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[59,106582,2350],{"id":2349},[403,106584,106586],{"id":106585},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106588,106589],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[403,106591,106593],{"id":106592},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106595,171,106596,106598,106599,106601],{},[15,106597,4310],{},". Do not use ",[15,106600,4305],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[403,106603,106605],{"id":106604},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106607,106608],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[403,106610,106612],{"id":106611},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106614,106615],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106617,206],{},[64,106619,106621],{"className":66,"code":106620,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106622,106623],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,106624,106625,106627,106629,106631,106633,106635,106637,106639],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,106626,80],{"class":79},[73,106628,84],{"class":83},[73,106630,6798],{"class":87},[73,106632,84],{"class":83},[73,106634,94],{"class":93},[73,106636,4590],{"class":97},[73,106638,94],{"class":93},[73,106640,102],{"class":83},[20,106642,30536],{},[64,106644,106646],{"className":66,"code":106645,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106647,106648],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,106649,106650,106652,106654,106656,106658,106660,106662,106664,106666,106668,106670,106672,106674,106676,106678,106680,106682],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,106651,999],{"class":83},[73,106653,343],{"class":93},[73,106655,646],{"class":97},[73,106657,343],{"class":93},[73,106659,140],{"class":83},[73,106661,337],{"class":93},[73,106663,20],{"class":97},[73,106665,343],{"class":93},[73,106667,140],{"class":83},[73,106669,337],{"class":93},[73,106671,60697],{"class":97},[73,106673,343],{"class":93},[73,106675,140],{"class":83},[73,106677,337],{"class":93},[73,106679,60688],{"class":97},[73,106681,343],{"class":93},[73,106683,9814],{"class":83},[403,106685,2367,106687,106690],{"id":106686},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106688,106689],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106692,106693,29195,106695,106698],{},[15,106694,4310],{},[1194,106696,106697],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106700,106701],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[64,106703,106705],{"className":66,"code":106704,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106706,106707],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,106708,106709,106711,106713,106715,106717,106719,106721,106723,106725,106727,106729,106731],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,106710,80],{"class":79},[73,106712,84],{"class":83},[73,106714,6798],{"class":87},[73,106716,3510],{"class":83},[73,106718,2397],{"class":116},[73,106720,140],{"class":83},[73,106722,143],{"class":116},[73,106724,140],{"class":83},[73,106726,2982],{"class":116},[73,106728,140],{"class":83},[73,106730,2988],{"class":116},[73,106732,3523],{"class":83},[59,106734,2413],{"id":2412},[33,106736,106737,106741,106745,106749,106753],{},[36,106738,106739],{},[646,106740,96573],{"href":96572},[36,106742,106743],{},[646,106744,104737],{"href":96576},[36,106746,106747],{},[646,106748,100589],{"href":105588},[36,106750,106751],{},[646,106752,105295],{"href":65089},[36,106754,106755],{},[646,106756,106431],{"href":106430},[2459,106758,106759],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":106761},[106762,106763,106764,106765,106766,106772,106773,106774,106782,106792,106793,106801],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":104913,"depth":105,"text":104914},{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":105298,"depth":105,"text":105299},{"id":105485,"depth":105,"text":105486,"children":106767},[106768,106769,106770,106771],{"id":105489,"depth":122,"text":105490},{"id":105591,"depth":122,"text":105592},{"id":105675,"depth":122,"text":105676},{"id":105767,"depth":122,"text":105768},{"id":105835,"depth":105,"text":105836},{"id":106049,"depth":105,"text":106050},{"id":106158,"depth":105,"text":106159,"children":106775},[106776,106778,106780],{"id":106165,"depth":122,"text":106777},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":106218,"depth":122,"text":106779},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106283,"depth":122,"text":106781},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102,"children":106783},[106784,106785,106787,106788,106790],{"id":100122,"depth":122,"text":100630},{"id":106398,"depth":122,"text":106786},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106434,"depth":122,"text":106435},{"id":106472,"depth":122,"text":106789},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106481,"depth":122,"text":106791},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60950,"depth":105,"text":60951},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":106794},[106795,106796,106797,106798,106799],{"id":106585,"depth":122,"text":106586},{"id":106592,"depth":122,"text":106593},{"id":106604,"depth":122,"text":106605},{"id":106611,"depth":122,"text":106612},{"id":106686,"depth":122,"text":106800},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104795,"description":106802},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106809,"title":106810,"body":106811,"description":108326,"extension":2511,"meta":108327,"navigation":254,"path":108328,"seo":108329,"stem":108330,"__hash__":108331},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106812,"toc":108302},[106813,106819,106824,106827,106910,106915,106920,106925,106927,106940,106944,106946,106965,106968,106991,106994,107005,107007,107088,107090,107107,107109,107115,107118,107213,107215,107246,107248,107256,107258,107261,107372,107374,107399,107401,107423,107428,107433,107439,107548,107550,107566,107569,107572,107655,107657,107674,107682,107684,107688,107694,107785,107787,107820,107825,107832,107909,107911,107928,107934,107936,107940,107956,107959,107985,107987,108048,108050,108173,108175,108226,108232,108234,108239,108241,108247,108250,108254,108257,108261,108264,108274,108276,108299],[10,106814,13,106816,11831],{"id":106815},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106817,106818],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106820,1580,106821,106823],{},[15,106822,106818],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106825,106826],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[64,106828,106830],{"className":66,"code":106829,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106831,106832,106852,106872,106876,106895,106905],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,106833,106834,106836,106838,106840,106842,106844,106846,106848,106850],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,106835,3086],{"class":216},[73,106837,221],{"class":220},[73,106839,10997],{"class":83},[73,106841,2397],{"class":116},[73,106843,140],{"class":83},[73,106845,143],{"class":116},[73,106847,140],{"class":83},[73,106849,2982],{"class":116},[73,106851,9814],{"class":83},[73,106853,106854,106856,106858,106860,106862,106864,106866,106868,106870],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,106855,3114],{"class":216},[73,106857,221],{"class":220},[73,106859,10997],{"class":83},[73,106861,530],{"class":116},[73,106863,140],{"class":83},[73,106865,2982],{"class":116},[73,106867,140],{"class":83},[73,106869,2988],{"class":116},[73,106871,9814],{"class":83},[73,106873,106874],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,106875,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,106877,106878,106880,106882,106884,106886,106889,106891,106893],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,106879,2766],{"class":216},[73,106881,221],{"class":220},[73,106883,57127],{"class":216},[73,106885,653],{"class":83},[73,106887,106888],{"class":245},"intersection",[73,106890,84],{"class":83},[73,106892,5274],{"class":245},[73,106894,249],{"class":83},[73,106896,106897,106899,106901,106903],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,106898,80],{"class":79},[73,106900,84],{"class":83},[73,106902,2800],{"class":245},[73,106904,249],{"class":83},[73,106906,106907],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,106908,106909],{"class":769},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106911,171,106912,106914],{},[15,106913,103036],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[59,106916,13507,106918,13510],{"id":106917},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106919,103036],{},[20,106921,106922,106924],{},[15,106923,103036],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106926,189],{},[33,106928,106929,106932,106934,106937],{},[36,106930,106931],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[36,106933,100806],{},[36,106935,106936],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[36,106938,106939],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106941,96569,106942,653],{},[646,106943,96573],{"href":96572},[59,106945,370],{"id":369},[64,106947,106949],{"className":66,"code":106948,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106950,106951],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,106952,106953,106955,106957,106959,106961,106963],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,106954,100830],{"class":216},[73,106956,653],{"class":83},[73,106958,106888],{"class":245},[73,106960,84],{"class":83},[73,106962,100839],{"class":245},[73,106964,249],{"class":83},[20,106966,106967],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[64,106969,106971],{"className":66,"code":106970,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106972,106973],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,106974,106975,106977,106979,106981,106983,106985,106987,106989],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,106976,100830],{"class":216},[73,106978,653],{"class":83},[73,106980,106888],{"class":245},[73,106982,84],{"class":83},[73,106984,100839],{"class":245},[73,106986,140],{"class":83},[73,106988,100866],{"class":245},[73,106990,249],{"class":83},[20,106992,106993],{},"Important notes:",[33,106995,106996,106999,107002],{},[36,106997,106998],{},"The result is always a new set",[36,107000,107001],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[36,107003,107004],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,107006,206],{},[64,107008,107010],{"className":66,"code":107009,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107011,107012,107036,107056,107060,107078],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,107013,107014,107016,107018,107020,107022,107024,107026,107028,107030,107032,107034],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,107015,3086],{"class":216},[73,107017,221],{"class":220},[73,107019,10997],{"class":83},[73,107021,2397],{"class":116},[73,107023,140],{"class":83},[73,107025,143],{"class":116},[73,107027,140],{"class":83},[73,107029,2982],{"class":116},[73,107031,140],{"class":83},[73,107033,2988],{"class":116},[73,107035,9814],{"class":83},[73,107037,107038,107040,107042,107044,107046,107048,107050,107052,107054],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,107039,3114],{"class":216},[73,107041,221],{"class":220},[73,107043,10997],{"class":83},[73,107045,1304],{"class":116},[73,107047,140],{"class":83},[73,107049,2988],{"class":116},[73,107051,140],{"class":83},[73,107053,5118],{"class":116},[73,107055,9814],{"class":83},[73,107057,107058],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,107059,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,107061,107062,107064,107066,107068,107070,107072,107074,107076],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,107063,2766],{"class":216},[73,107065,221],{"class":220},[73,107067,57127],{"class":216},[73,107069,653],{"class":83},[73,107071,106888],{"class":245},[73,107073,84],{"class":83},[73,107075,5274],{"class":245},[73,107077,249],{"class":83},[73,107079,107080,107082,107084,107086],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,107081,80],{"class":79},[73,107083,84],{"class":83},[73,107085,2800],{"class":245},[73,107087,249],{"class":83},[20,107089,148],{},[64,107091,107093],{"className":66,"code":107092,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{3, 4}\n",[15,107094,107095],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,107096,107097,107099,107101,107103,107105],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,107098,999],{"class":83},[73,107100,1304],{"class":116},[73,107102,140],{"class":83},[73,107104,2988],{"class":116},[73,107106,9814],{"class":83},[59,107108,17930],{"id":17929},[20,107110,107111,22486,107113,653],{},[15,107112,103036],{},[1194,107114,6798],{},[20,107116,107117],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[64,107119,107121],{"className":66,"code":107120,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,107122,107123,107143,107163,107167,107185,107189,107199],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,107124,107125,107127,107129,107131,107133,107135,107137,107139,107141],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,107126,3086],{"class":216},[73,107128,221],{"class":220},[73,107130,10997],{"class":83},[73,107132,2397],{"class":116},[73,107134,140],{"class":83},[73,107136,143],{"class":116},[73,107138,140],{"class":83},[73,107140,2982],{"class":116},[73,107142,9814],{"class":83},[73,107144,107145,107147,107149,107151,107153,107155,107157,107159,107161],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,107146,3114],{"class":216},[73,107148,221],{"class":220},[73,107150,10997],{"class":83},[73,107152,530],{"class":116},[73,107154,140],{"class":83},[73,107156,2982],{"class":116},[73,107158,140],{"class":83},[73,107160,2988],{"class":116},[73,107162,9814],{"class":83},[73,107164,107165],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,107166,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,107168,107169,107171,107173,107175,107177,107179,107181,107183],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,107170,2766],{"class":216},[73,107172,221],{"class":220},[73,107174,57127],{"class":216},[73,107176,653],{"class":83},[73,107178,106888],{"class":245},[73,107180,84],{"class":83},[73,107182,5274],{"class":245},[73,107184,249],{"class":83},[73,107186,107187],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,107188,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,107190,107191,107193,107195,107197],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,107192,80],{"class":79},[73,107194,84],{"class":83},[73,107196,2800],{"class":245},[73,107198,249],{"class":83},[73,107200,107201,107203,107205,107207,107209,107211],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,107202,80],{"class":79},[73,107204,84],{"class":83},[73,107206,288],{"class":87},[73,107208,84],{"class":83},[73,107210,2800],{"class":245},[73,107212,102],{"class":83},[20,107214,148],{},[64,107216,107218],{"className":66,"code":107217,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,107219,107220,107232],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,107221,107222,107224,107226,107228,107230],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,107223,999],{"class":83},[73,107225,530],{"class":116},[73,107227,140],{"class":83},[73,107229,2982],{"class":116},[73,107231,9814],{"class":83},[73,107233,107234,107236,107238,107240,107242,107244],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,107235,330],{"class":220},[73,107237,334],{"class":333},[73,107239,337],{"class":93},[73,107241,6798],{"class":97},[73,107243,343],{"class":93},[73,107245,346],{"class":220},[20,107247,86054],{},[33,107249,107250,107253],{},[36,107251,107252],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[36,107254,107255],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[59,107257,11985],{"id":11984},[20,107259,107260],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[64,107262,107264],{"className":66,"code":107263,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,107265,107266,107299,107332,107336,107357,107361],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,107267,107268,107271,107273,107275,107277,107279,107281,107283,107285,107287,107289,107291,107293,107295,107297],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,107269,107270],{"class":216},"colors1 ",[73,107272,221],{"class":220},[73,107274,10997],{"class":83},[73,107276,94],{"class":93},[73,107278,13603],{"class":97},[73,107280,94],{"class":93},[73,107282,140],{"class":83},[73,107284,224],{"class":93},[73,107286,13620],{"class":97},[73,107288,94],{"class":93},[73,107290,140],{"class":83},[73,107292,224],{"class":93},[73,107294,17967],{"class":97},[73,107296,94],{"class":93},[73,107298,9814],{"class":83},[73,107300,107301,107304,107306,107308,107310,107312,107314,107316,107318,107320,107322,107324,107326,107328,107330],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,107302,107303],{"class":216},"colors2 ",[73,107305,221],{"class":220},[73,107307,10997],{"class":83},[73,107309,94],{"class":93},[73,107311,17967],{"class":97},[73,107313,94],{"class":93},[73,107315,140],{"class":83},[73,107317,224],{"class":93},[73,107319,23033],{"class":97},[73,107321,94],{"class":93},[73,107323,140],{"class":83},[73,107325,224],{"class":93},[73,107327,13620],{"class":97},[73,107329,94],{"class":93},[73,107331,9814],{"class":83},[73,107333,107334],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,107335,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,107337,107338,107341,107343,107346,107348,107350,107352,107355],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,107339,107340],{"class":216},"common_colors ",[73,107342,221],{"class":220},[73,107344,107345],{"class":216}," colors1",[73,107347,653],{"class":83},[73,107349,106888],{"class":245},[73,107351,84],{"class":83},[73,107353,107354],{"class":245},"colors2",[73,107356,249],{"class":83},[73,107358,107359],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,107360,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,107362,107363,107365,107367,107370],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,107364,80],{"class":79},[73,107366,84],{"class":83},[73,107368,107369],{"class":245},"common_colors",[73,107371,249],{"class":83},[20,107373,148],{},[64,107375,107377],{"className":66,"code":107376,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,107378,107379],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,107380,107381,107383,107385,107387,107389,107391,107393,107395,107397],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,107382,999],{"class":83},[73,107384,343],{"class":93},[73,107386,13620],{"class":97},[73,107388,343],{"class":93},[73,107390,140],{"class":83},[73,107392,337],{"class":93},[73,107394,17967],{"class":97},[73,107396,343],{"class":93},[73,107398,9814],{"class":83},[20,107400,12194],{},[33,107402,107403,107409,107413,107418],{},[36,107404,107405,107408],{},[15,107406,107407],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[36,107410,107411,107408],{},[15,107412,107354],{},[36,107414,107415,107417],{},[15,107416,103036],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[36,107419,107420,107421],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,107422,107369],{},[59,107424,657,107426,101403],{"id":107425},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107427,103036],{},[20,107429,107430,107431,653],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107432,103036],{},[20,107434,107435,107436,107438],{},"Only the values found in ",[1194,107437,4230],{}," inputs will be kept.",[64,107440,107442],{"className":66,"code":107441,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107443,107444,107468,107492,107512,107516,107538],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,107445,107446,107448,107450,107452,107454,107456,107458,107460,107462,107464,107466],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,107447,3086],{"class":216},[73,107449,221],{"class":220},[73,107451,10997],{"class":83},[73,107453,2397],{"class":116},[73,107455,140],{"class":83},[73,107457,143],{"class":116},[73,107459,140],{"class":83},[73,107461,2982],{"class":116},[73,107463,140],{"class":83},[73,107465,2988],{"class":116},[73,107467,9814],{"class":83},[73,107469,107470,107472,107474,107476,107478,107480,107482,107484,107486,107488,107490],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,107471,3114],{"class":216},[73,107473,221],{"class":220},[73,107475,10997],{"class":83},[73,107477,530],{"class":116},[73,107479,140],{"class":83},[73,107481,2982],{"class":116},[73,107483,140],{"class":83},[73,107485,2988],{"class":116},[73,107487,140],{"class":83},[73,107489,5118],{"class":116},[73,107491,9814],{"class":83},[73,107493,107494,107496,107498,107500,107502,107504,107506,107508,107510],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,107495,83428],{"class":216},[73,107497,221],{"class":220},[73,107499,10997],{"class":83},[73,107501,1304],{"class":116},[73,107503,140],{"class":83},[73,107505,2988],{"class":116},[73,107507,140],{"class":83},[73,107509,38150],{"class":116},[73,107511,9814],{"class":83},[73,107513,107514],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,107515,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,107517,107518,107520,107522,107524,107526,107528,107530,107532,107534,107536],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,107519,2766],{"class":216},[73,107521,221],{"class":220},[73,107523,57127],{"class":216},[73,107525,653],{"class":83},[73,107527,106888],{"class":245},[73,107529,84],{"class":83},[73,107531,5274],{"class":245},[73,107533,140],{"class":83},[73,107535,10187],{"class":245},[73,107537,249],{"class":83},[73,107539,107540,107542,107544,107546],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,107541,80],{"class":79},[73,107543,84],{"class":83},[73,107545,2800],{"class":245},[73,107547,249],{"class":83},[20,107549,148],{},[64,107551,107552],{"className":66,"code":107092,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,107553,107554],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,107555,107556,107558,107560,107562,107564],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,107557,999],{"class":83},[73,107559,1304],{"class":116},[73,107561,140],{"class":83},[73,107563,2988],{"class":116},[73,107565,9814],{"class":83},[20,107567,107568],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107570,107571],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[64,107573,107575],{"className":66,"code":107574,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107576,107577,107601,107605,107645],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,107578,107579,107581,107583,107585,107587,107589,107591,107593,107595,107597,107599],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,107580,3086],{"class":216},[73,107582,221],{"class":220},[73,107584,10997],{"class":83},[73,107586,2397],{"class":116},[73,107588,140],{"class":83},[73,107590,143],{"class":116},[73,107592,140],{"class":83},[73,107594,2982],{"class":116},[73,107596,140],{"class":83},[73,107598,2988],{"class":116},[73,107600,9814],{"class":83},[73,107602,107603],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,107604,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,107606,107607,107609,107611,107613,107615,107617,107619,107621,107623,107625,107627,107629,107631,107633,107635,107637,107639,107641,107643],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,107608,2766],{"class":216},[73,107610,221],{"class":220},[73,107612,57127],{"class":216},[73,107614,653],{"class":83},[73,107616,106888],{"class":245},[73,107618,3510],{"class":83},[73,107620,530],{"class":116},[73,107622,140],{"class":83},[73,107624,2988],{"class":116},[73,107626,140],{"class":83},[73,107628,38150],{"class":116},[73,107630,18574],{"class":83},[73,107632,9742],{"class":83},[73,107634,2397],{"class":116},[73,107636,140],{"class":83},[73,107638,143],{"class":116},[73,107640,140],{"class":83},[73,107642,2988],{"class":116},[73,107644,102],{"class":83},[73,107646,107647,107649,107651,107653],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,107648,80],{"class":79},[73,107650,84],{"class":83},[73,107652,2800],{"class":245},[73,107654,249],{"class":83},[20,107656,148],{},[64,107658,107660],{"className":66,"code":107659,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107661,107662],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,107663,107664,107666,107668,107670,107672],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,107665,999],{"class":83},[73,107667,530],{"class":116},[73,107669,140],{"class":83},[73,107671,2988],{"class":116},[73,107673,9814],{"class":83},[59,107675,107677,11092,107679],{"id":107676},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107678,103036],{},[15,107680,107681],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107683,101573],{},[403,107685,107686],{"id":106888},[15,107687,103036],{},[33,107689,107690,107692],{},[36,107691,101582],{},[36,107693,101585],{},[64,107695,107697],{"className":66,"code":107696,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107698,107699,107719,107739,107743,107761,107765,107775],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,107700,107701,107703,107705,107707,107709,107711,107713,107715,107717],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,107702,3086],{"class":216},[73,107704,221],{"class":220},[73,107706,10997],{"class":83},[73,107708,2397],{"class":116},[73,107710,140],{"class":83},[73,107712,143],{"class":116},[73,107714,140],{"class":83},[73,107716,2982],{"class":116},[73,107718,9814],{"class":83},[73,107720,107721,107723,107725,107727,107729,107731,107733,107735,107737],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,107722,3114],{"class":216},[73,107724,221],{"class":220},[73,107726,10997],{"class":83},[73,107728,530],{"class":116},[73,107730,140],{"class":83},[73,107732,2982],{"class":116},[73,107734,140],{"class":83},[73,107736,2988],{"class":116},[73,107738,9814],{"class":83},[73,107740,107741],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,107742,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,107744,107745,107747,107749,107751,107753,107755,107757,107759],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,107746,2766],{"class":216},[73,107748,221],{"class":220},[73,107750,57127],{"class":216},[73,107752,653],{"class":83},[73,107754,106888],{"class":245},[73,107756,84],{"class":83},[73,107758,5274],{"class":245},[73,107760,249],{"class":83},[73,107762,107763],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,107764,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,107766,107767,107769,107771,107773],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,107768,80],{"class":79},[73,107770,84],{"class":83},[73,107772,646],{"class":245},[73,107774,249],{"class":83},[73,107776,107777,107779,107781,107783],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,107778,80],{"class":79},[73,107780,84],{"class":83},[73,107782,2800],{"class":245},[73,107784,249],{"class":83},[20,107786,148],{},[64,107788,107790],{"className":66,"code":107789,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107791,107792,107808],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,107793,107794,107796,107798,107800,107802,107804,107806],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,107795,999],{"class":83},[73,107797,2397],{"class":116},[73,107799,140],{"class":83},[73,107801,143],{"class":116},[73,107803,140],{"class":83},[73,107805,2982],{"class":116},[73,107807,9814],{"class":83},[73,107809,107810,107812,107814,107816,107818],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,107811,999],{"class":83},[73,107813,530],{"class":116},[73,107815,140],{"class":83},[73,107817,2982],{"class":116},[73,107819,9814],{"class":83},[403,107821,107823],{"id":107822},"intersection_update",[15,107824,107681],{},[33,107826,107827,107829],{},[36,107828,101725],{},[36,107830,107831],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[64,107833,107835],{"className":66,"code":107834,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107836,107837,107857,107877,107881,107895,107899],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,107838,107839,107841,107843,107845,107847,107849,107851,107853,107855],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,107840,3086],{"class":216},[73,107842,221],{"class":220},[73,107844,10997],{"class":83},[73,107846,2397],{"class":116},[73,107848,140],{"class":83},[73,107850,143],{"class":116},[73,107852,140],{"class":83},[73,107854,2982],{"class":116},[73,107856,9814],{"class":83},[73,107858,107859,107861,107863,107865,107867,107869,107871,107873,107875],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,107860,3114],{"class":216},[73,107862,221],{"class":220},[73,107864,10997],{"class":83},[73,107866,530],{"class":116},[73,107868,140],{"class":83},[73,107870,2982],{"class":116},[73,107872,140],{"class":83},[73,107874,2988],{"class":116},[73,107876,9814],{"class":83},[73,107878,107879],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,107880,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,107882,107883,107885,107887,107889,107891,107893],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,107884,646],{"class":216},[73,107886,653],{"class":83},[73,107888,107822],{"class":245},[73,107890,84],{"class":83},[73,107892,5274],{"class":245},[73,107894,249],{"class":83},[73,107896,107897],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,107898,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,107900,107901,107903,107905,107907],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,107902,80],{"class":79},[73,107904,84],{"class":83},[73,107906,646],{"class":245},[73,107908,249],{"class":83},[20,107910,148],{},[64,107912,107914],{"className":66,"code":107913,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107915,107916],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,107917,107918,107920,107922,107924,107926],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,107919,999],{"class":83},[73,107921,530],{"class":116},[73,107923,140],{"class":83},[73,107925,2982],{"class":116},[73,107927,9814],{"class":83},[20,107929,107930,107931,107933],{},"Choose ",[15,107932,103036],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[59,107935,5031],{"id":5030},[20,107937,2105,107938,1063],{},[15,107939,103036],{},[33,107941,107942,107945,107948,107951],{},[36,107943,107944],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[36,107946,107947],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[36,107949,107950],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[36,107952,107953,107954],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107955,103036],{},[20,107957,107958],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[33,107960,107961,107966,107969,107982],{},[36,107962,657,107963,107965],{},[15,107964,103036],{}," when order matters",[36,107967,107968],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[36,107970,37711,107971,9213,107973,3408,107978],{},[15,107972,103036],{},[646,107974,107976],{"href":107975},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107977,103044],{},[646,107979,107980],{"href":103085},[15,107981,100659],{},[36,107983,107984],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107986,30642],{},[64,107988,107990],{"className":66,"code":107989,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107991,107992,108002,108016,108034],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,107993,107994,107996,107998,108000],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,107995,80],{"class":79},[73,107997,84],{"class":83},[73,107999,16176],{"class":245},[73,108001,249],{"class":83},[73,108003,108004,108006,108008,108010,108012,108014],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,108005,80],{"class":79},[73,108007,84],{"class":83},[73,108009,288],{"class":87},[73,108011,84],{"class":83},[73,108013,2800],{"class":245},[73,108015,102],{"class":83},[73,108017,108018,108020,108022,108024,108026,108028,108030,108032],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,108019,80],{"class":79},[73,108021,84],{"class":83},[73,108023,100830],{"class":245},[73,108025,653],{"class":83},[73,108027,106888],{"class":245},[73,108029,84],{"class":83},[73,108031,100839],{"class":245},[73,108033,102],{"class":83},[73,108035,108036,108038,108040,108042,108044,108046],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,108037,80],{"class":79},[73,108039,84],{"class":83},[73,108041,11670],{"class":79},[73,108043,84],{"class":83},[73,108045,2800],{"class":245},[73,108047,102],{"class":83},[20,108049,206],{},[64,108051,108053],{"className":66,"code":108052,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,108054,108055,108079,108099,108103,108121,108125,108135,108145,108159],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,108056,108057,108059,108061,108063,108065,108067,108069,108071,108073,108075,108077],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,108058,4134],{"class":216},[73,108060,221],{"class":220},[73,108062,10997],{"class":83},[73,108064,2397],{"class":116},[73,108066,140],{"class":83},[73,108068,143],{"class":116},[73,108070,140],{"class":83},[73,108072,143],{"class":116},[73,108074,140],{"class":83},[73,108076,2982],{"class":116},[73,108078,9814],{"class":83},[73,108080,108081,108083,108085,108087,108089,108091,108093,108095,108097],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,108082,44041],{"class":216},[73,108084,221],{"class":220},[73,108086,10997],{"class":83},[73,108088,530],{"class":116},[73,108090,140],{"class":83},[73,108092,2982],{"class":116},[73,108094,140],{"class":83},[73,108096,2988],{"class":116},[73,108098,9814],{"class":83},[73,108100,108101],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,108102,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,108104,108105,108107,108109,108111,108113,108115,108117,108119],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,108106,2766],{"class":216},[73,108108,221],{"class":220},[73,108110,4775],{"class":216},[73,108112,653],{"class":83},[73,108114,106888],{"class":245},[73,108116,84],{"class":83},[73,108118,31249],{"class":245},[73,108120,249],{"class":83},[73,108122,108123],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,108124,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,108126,108127,108129,108131,108133],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,108128,80],{"class":79},[73,108130,84],{"class":83},[73,108132,4164],{"class":245},[73,108134,249],{"class":83},[73,108136,108137,108139,108141,108143],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,108138,80],{"class":79},[73,108140,84],{"class":83},[73,108142,2800],{"class":245},[73,108144,249],{"class":83},[73,108146,108147,108149,108151,108153,108155,108157],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,108148,80],{"class":79},[73,108150,84],{"class":83},[73,108152,288],{"class":87},[73,108154,84],{"class":83},[73,108156,2800],{"class":245},[73,108158,102],{"class":83},[73,108160,108161,108163,108165,108167,108169,108171],{"class":75,"line":6940},[73,108162,80],{"class":79},[73,108164,84],{"class":83},[73,108166,11670],{"class":79},[73,108168,84],{"class":83},[73,108170,2800],{"class":245},[73,108172,102],{"class":83},[20,108174,148],{},[64,108176,108178],{"className":66,"code":108177,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,108179,108180,108196,108208,108222],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,108181,108182,108184,108186,108188,108190,108192,108194],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,108183,999],{"class":83},[73,108185,2397],{"class":116},[73,108187,140],{"class":83},[73,108189,143],{"class":116},[73,108191,140],{"class":83},[73,108193,2982],{"class":116},[73,108195,9814],{"class":83},[73,108197,108198,108200,108202,108204,108206],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,108199,999],{"class":83},[73,108201,530],{"class":116},[73,108203,140],{"class":83},[73,108205,2982],{"class":116},[73,108207,9814],{"class":83},[73,108209,108210,108212,108214,108216,108218,108220],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,108211,330],{"class":220},[73,108213,334],{"class":333},[73,108215,337],{"class":93},[73,108217,6798],{"class":97},[73,108219,343],{"class":93},[73,108221,346],{"class":220},[73,108223,108224],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,108225,17567],{"class":116},[20,108227,108228,108229,108231],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,108230,530],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[59,108233,2350],{"id":2349},[403,108235,2354,108237,102984],{"id":108236},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,108238,103036],{},[20,108240,102987],{},[403,108242,5681,108244,108246],{"id":108243},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,108245,103036],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,108248,108249],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[403,108251,108253],{"id":108252},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,108255,108256],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[403,108258,108260],{"id":108259},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,108262,108263],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[64,108265,108266],{"className":66,"code":97703,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,108267,108268],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,108269,108270,108272],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,108271,6798],{"class":87},[73,108273,9151],{"class":83},[59,108275,2413],{"id":2412},[33,108277,108278,108282,108289,108295],{},[36,108279,108280],{},[646,108281,96573],{"href":96572},[36,108283,108284],{},[646,108285,13,108286,11248],{"href":107975},[15,108287,108288],{},"set.union()",[36,108290,108291],{},[646,108292,13,108293,11248],{"href":103085},[15,108294,100664],{},[36,108296,108297],{},[646,108298,100589],{"href":105588},[2459,108300,108301],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":108303},[108304,108306,108307,108308,108309,108311,108316,108317,108325],{"id":106917,"depth":105,"text":108305},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":17929,"depth":105,"text":17930},{"id":11984,"depth":105,"text":11985},{"id":107425,"depth":105,"text":108310},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107676,"depth":105,"text":108312,"children":108313},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108314,108315],{"id":106888,"depth":122,"text":103036},{"id":107822,"depth":122,"text":107681},{"id":5030,"depth":105,"text":5031},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":108318},[108319,108321,108323,108324],{"id":108236,"depth":122,"text":108320},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":108243,"depth":122,"text":108322},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":108252,"depth":122,"text":108253},{"id":108259,"depth":122,"text":108260},{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106810,"description":108326},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108333,"title":108334,"body":108335,"description":109571,"extension":2511,"meta":109572,"navigation":254,"path":109573,"seo":109574,"stem":109575,"__hash__":109576},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108336,"toc":109538},[108337,108342,108348,108357,108359,108434,108439,108454,108464,108469,108473,108486,108490,108492,108507,108509,108525,108527,108602,108606,108609,108611,108628,108633,108688,108693,108705,108709,108712,108813,108815,108856,108859,108863,108870,108872,108897,108900,108918,108925,108931,108934,109016,109023,109026,109106,109115,109118,109123,109127,109141,109190,109195,109199,109210,109259,109270,109275,109279,109291,109340,109351,109353,109357,109380,109382,109439,109441,109455,109457,109463,109469,109475,109484,109488,109495,109499,109507,109509,109535],[10,108338,96445,108340,11831],{"id":108339},"python-set-pop-method",[15,108341,13273],{},[20,108343,108344,108347],{},[15,108345,108346],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,108349,108350,108351,108353,108354,108356],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[1194,108352,1196],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,108355,13273],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[59,108358,62],{"id":61},[64,108360,108362],{"className":66,"code":108361,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,108363,108364,108396,108410,108414,108424],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,108365,108366,108368,108370,108372,108374,108376,108378,108380,108382,108384,108386,108388,108390,108392,108394],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,108367,8289],{"class":216},[73,108369,221],{"class":220},[73,108371,10997],{"class":83},[73,108373,94],{"class":93},[73,108375,4590],{"class":97},[73,108377,94],{"class":93},[73,108379,140],{"class":83},[73,108381,224],{"class":93},[73,108383,4599],{"class":97},[73,108385,94],{"class":93},[73,108387,140],{"class":83},[73,108389,224],{"class":93},[73,108391,4608],{"class":97},[73,108393,94],{"class":93},[73,108395,9814],{"class":83},[73,108397,108398,108400,108402,108404,108406,108408],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,108399,70176],{"class":216},[73,108401,221],{"class":220},[73,108403,6477],{"class":216},[73,108405,653],{"class":83},[73,108407,26751],{"class":245},[73,108409,9151],{"class":83},[73,108411,108412],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,108413,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,108415,108416,108418,108420,108422],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,108417,80],{"class":79},[73,108419,84],{"class":83},[73,108421,70199],{"class":245},[73,108423,249],{"class":83},[73,108425,108426,108428,108430,108432],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,108427,80],{"class":79},[73,108429,84],{"class":83},[73,108431,8320],{"class":245},[73,108433,249],{"class":83},[20,108435,108436],{},[1194,108437,108438],{},"What this does:",[33,108440,108441,108446,108451],{},[36,108442,108443,108444],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108445,8320],{},[36,108447,108448,108449],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108450,70199],{},[36,108452,108453],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108455,108456,89205,108458,108460,108461,108463],{},[1194,108457,84063],{},[15,108459,108346],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[1194,108462,1196],{}," chosen by index.",[59,108465,178,108467,181],{"id":108466},"what-setpop-does",[15,108468,108346],{},[20,108470,108471,1063],{},[15,108472,108346],{},[33,108474,108475,108477,108480,108483],{},[36,108476,103287],{},[36,108478,108479],{},"Returns the removed item",[36,108481,108482],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[36,108484,108485],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108487,96569,108488,653],{},[646,108489,96573],{"href":97744},[59,108491,370],{"id":369},[64,108493,108495],{"className":66,"code":108494,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108496,108497],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,108498,108499,108501,108503,108505],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,108500,16176],{"class":216},[73,108502,653],{"class":83},[73,108504,26751],{"class":245},[73,108506,9151],{"class":83},[20,108508,189],{},[33,108510,108511,108517,108522],{},[36,108512,108513,108514],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108515,108516],{},"my_set.pop()",[36,108518,108519,108520],{},"It takes ",[1194,108521,29198],{},[36,108523,108524],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108526,206],{},[64,108528,108530],{"className":66,"code":108529,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108531,108532,108564,108578,108582,108592],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,108533,108534,108536,108538,108540,108542,108544,108546,108548,108550,108552,108554,108556,108558,108560,108562],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,108535,13586],{"class":216},[73,108537,221],{"class":220},[73,108539,10997],{"class":83},[73,108541,94],{"class":93},[73,108543,13603],{"class":97},[73,108545,94],{"class":93},[73,108547,140],{"class":83},[73,108549,224],{"class":93},[73,108551,13620],{"class":97},[73,108553,94],{"class":93},[73,108555,140],{"class":83},[73,108557,224],{"class":93},[73,108559,17967],{"class":97},[73,108561,94],{"class":93},[73,108563,9814],{"class":83},[73,108565,108566,108568,108570,108572,108574,108576],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,108567,29048],{"class":216},[73,108569,221],{"class":220},[73,108571,13634],{"class":216},[73,108573,653],{"class":83},[73,108575,26751],{"class":245},[73,108577,9151],{"class":83},[73,108579,108580],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,108581,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,108583,108584,108586,108588,108590],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,108585,80],{"class":79},[73,108587,84],{"class":83},[73,108589,23820],{"class":245},[73,108591,249],{"class":83},[73,108593,108594,108596,108598,108600],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,108595,80],{"class":79},[73,108597,84],{"class":83},[73,108599,18014],{"class":245},[73,108601,249],{"class":83},[59,108603,108605],{"id":108604},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108607,108608],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108610,2649],{},[33,108612,108613,108619,108622],{},[36,108614,108615,108616,108618],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108617,13273],{}," removes",[36,108620,108621],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[36,108623,108624,108625,108627],{},"You should not use ",[15,108626,13273],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108629,10967,108630,108632],{},[1194,108631,1196],{}," valid:",[64,108634,108636],{"className":66,"code":108635,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108637,108638,108670],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,108639,108640,108642,108644,108646,108648,108650,108652,108654,108656,108658,108660,108662,108664,108666,108668],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,108641,36746],{"class":216},[73,108643,221],{"class":220},[73,108645,10997],{"class":83},[73,108647,94],{"class":93},[73,108649,4590],{"class":97},[73,108651,94],{"class":93},[73,108653,140],{"class":83},[73,108655,224],{"class":93},[73,108657,4599],{"class":97},[73,108659,94],{"class":93},[73,108661,140],{"class":83},[73,108663,224],{"class":93},[73,108665,4608],{"class":97},[73,108667,94],{"class":93},[73,108669,9814],{"class":83},[73,108671,108672,108674,108676,108678,108680,108682,108684,108686],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,108673,36798],{"class":216},[73,108675,653],{"class":83},[73,108677,26751],{"class":245},[73,108679,84],{"class":83},[73,108681,94],{"class":93},[73,108683,4590],{"class":97},[73,108685,94],{"class":93},[73,108687,249],{"class":83},[20,108689,40161,108690,108692],{},[15,108691,108346],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108694,108695,108696,3408,108700,653],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[646,108697,108698],{"href":98454},[15,108699,103113],{},[646,108701,108703],{"href":108702},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108704,103104],{},[59,108706,108708],{"id":108707},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108710,108711],{},"Here is a simple example:",[64,108713,108715],{"className":66,"code":108714,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108716,108717,108751,108755,108771,108775,108794],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,108718,108719,108722,108724,108726,108728,108730,108732,108734,108736,108738,108740,108742,108744,108747,108749],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,108720,108721],{"class":216},"animals ",[73,108723,221],{"class":220},[73,108725,10997],{"class":83},[73,108727,94],{"class":93},[73,108729,37554],{"class":97},[73,108731,94],{"class":93},[73,108733,140],{"class":83},[73,108735,224],{"class":93},[73,108737,58367],{"class":97},[73,108739,94],{"class":93},[73,108741,140],{"class":83},[73,108743,224],{"class":93},[73,108745,108746],{"class":97},"rabbit",[73,108748,94],{"class":93},[73,108750,9814],{"class":83},[73,108752,108753],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,108754,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,108756,108757,108760,108762,108765,108767,108769],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,108758,108759],{"class":216},"removed_animal ",[73,108761,221],{"class":220},[73,108763,108764],{"class":216}," animals",[73,108766,653],{"class":83},[73,108768,26751],{"class":245},[73,108770,9151],{"class":83},[73,108772,108773],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,108774,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,108776,108777,108779,108781,108783,108785,108787,108789,108792],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,108778,80],{"class":79},[73,108780,84],{"class":83},[73,108782,94],{"class":93},[73,108784,29466],{"class":97},[73,108786,94],{"class":93},[73,108788,140],{"class":83},[73,108790,108791],{"class":245}," removed_animal",[73,108793,249],{"class":83},[73,108795,108796,108798,108800,108802,108805,108807,108809,108811],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,108797,80],{"class":79},[73,108799,84],{"class":83},[73,108801,94],{"class":93},[73,108803,108804],{"class":97},"Updated set:",[73,108806,94],{"class":93},[73,108808,140],{"class":83},[73,108810,108764],{"class":245},[73,108812,249],{"class":83},[20,108814,30536],{},[64,108816,108818],{"className":66,"code":108817,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108819,108820,108829],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,108821,108822,108824,108826],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,108823,29508],{"class":216},[73,108825,1063],{"class":83},[73,108827,108828],{"class":216}," dog\n",[73,108830,108831,108834,108836,108838,108840,108842,108844,108846,108848,108850,108852,108854],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,108832,108833],{"class":216},"Updated ",[73,108835,6798],{"class":87},[73,108837,1063],{"class":83},[73,108839,10997],{"class":83},[73,108841,343],{"class":93},[73,108843,37554],{"class":97},[73,108845,343],{"class":93},[73,108847,140],{"class":83},[73,108849,337],{"class":93},[73,108851,108746],{"class":97},[73,108853,343],{"class":93},[73,108855,9814],{"class":83},[20,108857,108858],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[59,108860,108862],{"id":108861},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108864,30159,108865,108867,108868,653],{},[15,108866,13273],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108869,20199],{},[20,108871,206],{},[64,108873,108875],{"className":66,"code":108874,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108876,108877,108887],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,108878,108879,108881,108883,108885],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,108880,8289],{"class":216},[73,108882,221],{"class":220},[73,108884,16143],{"class":87},[73,108886,9151],{"class":83},[73,108888,108889,108891,108893,108895],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,108890,8320],{"class":216},[73,108892,653],{"class":83},[73,108894,26751],{"class":245},[73,108896,9151],{"class":83},[20,108898,108899],{},"This raises:",[64,108901,108903],{"className":66,"code":108902,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108904,108905],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,108906,108907,108909,108911,108913,108916],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,108908,20199],{"class":87},[73,108910,1063],{"class":83},[73,108912,337],{"class":93},[73,108914,108915],{"class":97},"pop from an empty set",[73,108917,1070],{"class":93},[20,108919,108920,108921,108924],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[646,108922,108923],{"href":11582},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[403,108926,108928,108929],{"id":108927},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108930,13273],{},[20,108932,108933],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[64,108935,108937],{"className":66,"code":108936,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108938,108939,108949,108953,108961,108976,108995,109001],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,108940,108941,108943,108945,108947],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,108942,8289],{"class":216},[73,108944,221],{"class":220},[73,108946,16143],{"class":87},[73,108948,9151],{"class":83},[73,108950,108951],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,108952,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,108954,108955,108957,108959],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,108956,7507],{"class":933},[73,108958,6477],{"class":216},[73,108960,946],{"class":83},[73,108962,108963,108966,108968,108970,108972,108974],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,108964,108965],{"class":216},"    removed ",[73,108967,221],{"class":220},[73,108969,6477],{"class":216},[73,108971,653],{"class":83},[73,108973,26751],{"class":245},[73,108975,9151],{"class":83},[73,108977,108978,108980,108982,108984,108986,108988,108990,108993],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,108979,1676],{"class":79},[73,108981,84],{"class":83},[73,108983,94],{"class":93},[73,108985,29466],{"class":97},[73,108987,94],{"class":93},[73,108989,140],{"class":83},[73,108991,108992],{"class":245}," removed",[73,108994,249],{"class":83},[73,108996,108997,108999],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,108998,27944],{"class":933},[73,109000,946],{"class":83},[73,109002,109003,109005,109007,109009,109012,109014],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,109004,1676],{"class":79},[73,109006,84],{"class":83},[73,109008,94],{"class":93},[73,109010,109011],{"class":97},"The set is empty.",[73,109013,94],{"class":93},[73,109015,249],{"class":83},[403,109017,171,109019,1647,109021],{"id":109018},"use-try-and-except",[15,109020,1669],{},[15,109022,1695],{},[20,109024,109025],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[64,109027,109029],{"className":66,"code":109028,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,109030,109031,109041,109045,109051,109065,109083,109091],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,109032,109033,109035,109037,109039],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,109034,8289],{"class":216},[73,109036,221],{"class":220},[73,109038,16143],{"class":87},[73,109040,9151],{"class":83},[73,109042,109043],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,109044,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,109046,109047,109049],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,109048,1669],{"class":933},[73,109050,946],{"class":83},[73,109052,109053,109055,109057,109059,109061,109063],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,109054,108965],{"class":216},[73,109056,221],{"class":220},[73,109058,6477],{"class":216},[73,109060,653],{"class":83},[73,109062,26751],{"class":245},[73,109064,9151],{"class":83},[73,109066,109067,109069,109071,109073,109075,109077,109079,109081],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,109068,1676],{"class":79},[73,109070,84],{"class":83},[73,109072,94],{"class":93},[73,109074,29466],{"class":97},[73,109076,94],{"class":93},[73,109078,140],{"class":83},[73,109080,108992],{"class":245},[73,109082,249],{"class":83},[73,109084,109085,109087,109089],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,109086,1695],{"class":933},[73,109088,30344],{"class":87},[73,109090,946],{"class":83},[73,109092,109093,109095,109097,109099,109102,109104],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,109094,1676],{"class":79},[73,109096,84],{"class":83},[73,109098,94],{"class":93},[73,109100,109101],{"class":97},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[73,109103,94],{"class":93},[73,109105,249],{"class":83},[59,109107,1999,109109,11092,109111,11092,109113],{"id":109108},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,109110,13273],{},[15,109112,55768],{},[15,109114,103099],{},[20,109116,109117],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[403,109119,171,109121],{"id":109120},"use-pop",[15,109122,13273],{},[20,109124,171,109125,11108],{},[15,109126,13273],{},[33,109128,109129,109135,109138],{},[36,109130,109131,109132],{},"You want to remove ",[1194,109133,109134],{},"any one item",[36,109136,109137],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[36,109139,109140],{},"You want the removed item returned",[64,109142,109144],{"className":66,"code":109143,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,109145,109146,109166,109180],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,109147,109148,109150,109152,109154,109156,109158,109160,109162,109164],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,109149,4134],{"class":216},[73,109151,221],{"class":220},[73,109153,10997],{"class":83},[73,109155,2397],{"class":116},[73,109157,140],{"class":83},[73,109159,143],{"class":116},[73,109161,140],{"class":83},[73,109163,2982],{"class":116},[73,109165,9814],{"class":83},[73,109167,109168,109170,109172,109174,109176,109178],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,109169,2202],{"class":216},[73,109171,221],{"class":220},[73,109173,4775],{"class":216},[73,109175,653],{"class":83},[73,109177,26751],{"class":245},[73,109179,9151],{"class":83},[73,109181,109182,109184,109186,109188],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,109183,80],{"class":79},[73,109185,84],{"class":83},[73,109187,967],{"class":245},[73,109189,249],{"class":83},[403,109191,171,109193],{"id":109192},"use-remove",[15,109194,55768],{},[20,109196,171,109197,11108],{},[15,109198,55768],{},[33,109200,109201,109207],{},[36,109202,109203,109204],{},"You want to delete a ",[1194,109205,109206],{},"specific item",[36,109208,109209],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[64,109211,109213],{"className":66,"code":109212,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109214,109215,109235,109249],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,109216,109217,109219,109221,109223,109225,109227,109229,109231,109233],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,109218,4134],{"class":216},[73,109220,221],{"class":220},[73,109222,10997],{"class":83},[73,109224,2397],{"class":116},[73,109226,140],{"class":83},[73,109228,143],{"class":116},[73,109230,140],{"class":83},[73,109232,2982],{"class":116},[73,109234,9814],{"class":83},[73,109236,109237,109239,109241,109243,109245,109247],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,109238,4164],{"class":216},[73,109240,653],{"class":83},[73,109242,35300],{"class":245},[73,109244,84],{"class":83},[73,109246,530],{"class":116},[73,109248,249],{"class":83},[73,109250,109251,109253,109255,109257],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,109252,80],{"class":79},[73,109254,84],{"class":83},[73,109256,4164],{"class":245},[73,109258,249],{"class":83},[20,109260,109261,109262,109264,109265,109269],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,109263,55768],{}," raises an error. See the ",[646,109266,109267,11248],{"href":98454},[15,109268,103113],{}," for details.",[403,109271,171,109273],{"id":109272},"use-discard",[15,109274,103099],{},[20,109276,171,109277,11108],{},[15,109278,103099],{},[33,109280,109281,109285],{},[36,109282,109203,109283],{},[1194,109284,109206],{},[36,109286,109287,109288,109290],{},"You do ",[1194,109289,1196],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[64,109292,109294],{"className":66,"code":109293,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109295,109296,109316,109330],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,109297,109298,109300,109302,109304,109306,109308,109310,109312,109314],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,109299,4134],{"class":216},[73,109301,221],{"class":220},[73,109303,10997],{"class":83},[73,109305,2397],{"class":116},[73,109307,140],{"class":83},[73,109309,143],{"class":116},[73,109311,140],{"class":83},[73,109313,2982],{"class":116},[73,109315,9814],{"class":83},[73,109317,109318,109320,109322,109324,109326,109328],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,109319,4164],{"class":216},[73,109321,653],{"class":83},[73,109323,103166],{"class":245},[73,109325,84],{"class":83},[73,109327,688],{"class":116},[73,109329,249],{"class":83},[73,109331,109332,109334,109336,109338],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,109333,80],{"class":79},[73,109335,84],{"class":83},[73,109337,4164],{"class":245},[73,109339,249],{"class":83},[20,109341,109342,109343,109345,109346,109350],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,109344,688],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[646,109347,109348,11248],{"href":108702},[15,109349,103104],{}," for more examples.",[59,109352,2102],{"id":2101},[20,109354,71722,109355,1063],{},[15,109356,108346],{},[33,109358,109359,109365,109370,109375],{},[36,109360,109361,109362],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,109363,109364],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[36,109366,2300,109367,109369],{},[15,109368,13273],{}," to remove the first or last item",[36,109371,30159,109372,109374],{},[15,109373,13273],{}," on an empty set",[36,109376,657,109377,109379],{},[15,109378,13273],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,109381,62536],{},[64,109383,109385],{"className":66,"code":109384,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,109386,109387,109397,109411,109425],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,109388,109389,109391,109393,109395],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,109390,80],{"class":79},[73,109392,84],{"class":83},[73,109394,16176],{"class":245},[73,109396,249],{"class":83},[73,109398,109399,109401,109403,109405,109407,109409],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,109400,80],{"class":79},[73,109402,84],{"class":83},[73,109404,11670],{"class":79},[73,109406,84],{"class":83},[73,109408,16176],{"class":245},[73,109410,102],{"class":83},[73,109412,109413,109415,109417,109419,109421,109423],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,109414,80],{"class":79},[73,109416,84],{"class":83},[73,109418,288],{"class":87},[73,109420,84],{"class":83},[73,109422,16176],{"class":245},[73,109424,102],{"class":83},[73,109426,109427,109429,109431,109433,109435,109437],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,109428,29048],{"class":216},[73,109430,221],{"class":220},[73,109432,97169],{"class":216},[73,109434,653],{"class":83},[73,109436,26751],{"class":245},[73,109438,9151],{"class":83},[20,109440,26518],{},[33,109442,109443,109446,109449,109452],{},[36,109444,109445],{},"What values are in the set",[36,109447,109448],{},"Whether the set is empty",[36,109450,109451],{},"That the object is really a set",[36,109453,109454],{},"What value was actually removed",[59,109456,2350],{"id":2349},[403,109458,2354,109460,109462],{"id":109459},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109461,108346],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109464,109465,109466,109468],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109467,13273],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[403,109470,109472,109473,3023],{"id":109471},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109474,108346],{},[20,109476,109477,109478,109480,109481,109483],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109479,13273],{},", set ",[15,109482,13273],{}," does not accept an index.",[403,109485,109487],{"id":109486},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109489,71891,109490,45121,109492,109494],{},[15,109491,20199],{},[15,109493,13273],{}," is called on an empty set.",[403,109496,109498],{"id":109497},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109500,171,109501,3408,109503,11600,109505,653],{},[15,109502,55768],{},[15,109504,103099],{},[15,109506,13273],{},[59,109508,2413],{"id":2412},[33,109510,109511,109515,109521,109527,109531],{},[36,109512,109513],{},[646,109514,96573],{"href":97744},[36,109516,109517],{},[646,109518,97059,109519,11248],{"href":98454},[15,109520,55768],{},[36,109522,109523],{},[646,109524,97059,109525,11248],{"href":108702},[15,109526,103099],{},[36,109528,109529],{},[646,109530,11771],{"href":11582},[36,109532,109533],{},[646,109534,55754],{"href":55306},[2459,109536,109537],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":109539},[109540,109541,109543,109544,109545,109546,109552,109561,109562,109570],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":108466,"depth":105,"text":109542},"What set.pop() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":108604,"depth":105,"text":108605},{"id":108707,"depth":105,"text":108708},{"id":108861,"depth":105,"text":108862,"children":109547},[109548,109550],{"id":108927,"depth":122,"text":109549},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":109018,"depth":122,"text":109551},"Use try and except",{"id":109108,"depth":105,"text":109553,"children":109554},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109555,109557,109559],{"id":109120,"depth":122,"text":109556},"Use pop()",{"id":109192,"depth":122,"text":109558},"Use remove()",{"id":109272,"depth":122,"text":109560},"Use discard()",{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":109563},[109564,109566,109568,109569],{"id":109459,"depth":122,"text":109565},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109471,"depth":122,"text":109567},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109486,"depth":122,"text":109487},{"id":109497,"depth":122,"text":109498},{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108334,"description":109571},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109578,"title":109579,"body":109580,"description":110734,"extension":2511,"meta":110735,"navigation":254,"path":110736,"seo":110737,"stem":110738,"__hash__":110739},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109581,"toc":110702},[109582,109587,109592,109601,109603,109668,109672,109696,109703,109708,109712,109727,109730,109732,109751,109765,109768,109816,109820,109836,109838,109911,109915,109940,109946,109954,109958,109965,110020,110025,110042,110048,110054,110059,110067,110074,110078,110086,110141,110143,110160,110164,110171,110236,110240,110273,110275,110287,110294,110296,110301,110308,110310,110379,110383,110391,110393,110457,110461,110466,110513,110518,110586,110594,110601,110604,110610,110615,110619,110621,110624,110626,110631,110636,110642,110647,110654,110662,110668,110671,110673,110699],[10,109583,96445,109585,11831],{"id":109584},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109586,55768],{},[20,109588,109589,109591],{},[15,109590,103113],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109593,109594,109595,109598,109599,653],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[1194,109596,109597],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109600,20199],{},[59,109602,62],{"id":61},[64,109604,109606],{"className":66,"code":109605,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109607,109608,109640,109658],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,109609,109610,109612,109614,109616,109618,109620,109622,109624,109626,109628,109630,109632,109634,109636,109638],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,109611,13586],{"class":216},[73,109613,221],{"class":220},[73,109615,10997],{"class":83},[73,109617,94],{"class":93},[73,109619,13603],{"class":97},[73,109621,94],{"class":93},[73,109623,140],{"class":83},[73,109625,224],{"class":93},[73,109627,13620],{"class":97},[73,109629,94],{"class":93},[73,109631,140],{"class":83},[73,109633,224],{"class":93},[73,109635,17967],{"class":97},[73,109637,94],{"class":93},[73,109639,9814],{"class":83},[73,109641,109642,109644,109646,109648,109650,109652,109654,109656],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,109643,18014],{"class":216},[73,109645,653],{"class":83},[73,109647,35300],{"class":245},[73,109649,84],{"class":83},[73,109651,94],{"class":93},[73,109653,13620],{"class":97},[73,109655,94],{"class":93},[73,109657,249],{"class":83},[73,109659,109660,109662,109664,109666],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,109661,80],{"class":79},[73,109663,84],{"class":83},[73,109665,18014],{"class":245},[73,109667,249],{"class":83},[20,109669,109670],{},[1194,109671,30536],{},[64,109673,109674],{"className":66,"code":103793,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,109675,109676],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,109677,109678,109680,109682,109684,109686,109688,109690,109692,109694],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,109679,999],{"class":83},[73,109681,343],{"class":93},[73,109683,13603],{"class":97},[73,109685,343],{"class":93},[73,109687,140],{"class":83},[73,109689,337],{"class":93},[73,109691,17967],{"class":97},[73,109693,343],{"class":93},[73,109695,9814],{"class":83},[20,109697,171,109698,109700,109701,653],{},[15,109699,55768],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109702,20199],{},[59,109704,178,109706,181],{"id":109705},"what-setremove-does",[15,109707,103113],{},[20,109709,109710,1063],{},[15,109711,103113],{},[33,109713,109714,109717,109719,109721],{},[36,109715,109716],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[36,109718,96560],{},[36,109720,96563],{},[36,109722,109723,109724,109726],{},"Raises ",[15,109725,20199],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109728,109729],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[59,109731,370],{"id":369},[64,109733,109735],{"className":66,"code":109734,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109736,109737],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,109738,109739,109741,109743,109745,109747,109749],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,109740,16176],{"class":216},[73,109742,653],{"class":83},[73,109744,35300],{"class":245},[73,109746,84],{"class":83},[73,109748,967],{"class":245},[73,109750,249],{"class":83},[33,109752,109753,109757,109762],{},[36,109754,109755,103335],{},[15,109756,16176],{},[36,109758,109759,109761],{},[15,109760,967],{}," is the item to remove",[36,109763,109764],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109766,109767],{},"Here is a small example:",[64,109769,109770],{"className":66,"code":109212,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,109771,109772,109792,109806],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,109773,109774,109776,109778,109780,109782,109784,109786,109788,109790],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,109775,4134],{"class":216},[73,109777,221],{"class":220},[73,109779,10997],{"class":83},[73,109781,2397],{"class":116},[73,109783,140],{"class":83},[73,109785,143],{"class":116},[73,109787,140],{"class":83},[73,109789,2982],{"class":116},[73,109791,9814],{"class":83},[73,109793,109794,109796,109798,109800,109802,109804],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,109795,4164],{"class":216},[73,109797,653],{"class":83},[73,109799,35300],{"class":245},[73,109801,84],{"class":83},[73,109803,530],{"class":116},[73,109805,249],{"class":83},[73,109807,109808,109810,109812,109814],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,109809,80],{"class":79},[73,109811,84],{"class":83},[73,109813,4164],{"class":245},[73,109815,249],{"class":83},[20,109817,109818],{},[1194,109819,30536],{},[64,109821,109822],{"className":66,"code":101543,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,109823,109824],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,109825,109826,109828,109830,109832,109834],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,109827,999],{"class":83},[73,109829,2397],{"class":116},[73,109831,140],{"class":83},[73,109833,2982],{"class":116},[73,109835,9814],{"class":83},[59,109837,11985],{"id":11984},[64,109839,109841],{"className":66,"code":109840,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109842,109843,109875,109879,109897,109901],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,109844,109845,109847,109849,109851,109853,109855,109857,109859,109861,109863,109865,109867,109869,109871,109873],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,109846,36746],{"class":216},[73,109848,221],{"class":220},[73,109850,10997],{"class":83},[73,109852,94],{"class":93},[73,109854,4590],{"class":97},[73,109856,94],{"class":93},[73,109858,140],{"class":83},[73,109860,224],{"class":93},[73,109862,4599],{"class":97},[73,109864,94],{"class":93},[73,109866,140],{"class":83},[73,109868,224],{"class":93},[73,109870,33727],{"class":97},[73,109872,94],{"class":93},[73,109874,9814],{"class":83},[73,109876,109877],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,109878,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,109880,109881,109883,109885,109887,109889,109891,109893,109895],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,109882,36798],{"class":216},[73,109884,653],{"class":83},[73,109886,35300],{"class":245},[73,109888,84],{"class":83},[73,109890,94],{"class":93},[73,109892,4599],{"class":97},[73,109894,94],{"class":93},[73,109896,249],{"class":83},[73,109898,109899],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,109900,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,109902,109903,109905,109907,109909],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,109904,80],{"class":79},[73,109906,84],{"class":83},[73,109908,36798],{"class":245},[73,109910,249],{"class":83},[20,109912,109913],{},[1194,109914,30536],{},[64,109916,109918],{"className":66,"code":109917,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109919,109920],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,109921,109922,109924,109926,109928,109930,109932,109934,109936,109938],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,109923,999],{"class":83},[73,109925,343],{"class":93},[73,109927,4590],{"class":97},[73,109929,343],{"class":93},[73,109931,140],{"class":83},[73,109933,337],{"class":93},[73,109935,33727],{"class":97},[73,109937,343],{"class":93},[73,109939,9814],{"class":83},[20,109941,109942,109943,109945],{},"This removes ",[15,109944,65516],{}," from the set.",[20,109947,109948,109949,109951,109952,653],{},"A set does ",[1194,109950,1196],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[646,109953,96577],{"href":98128},[59,109955,109957],{"id":109956},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109959,109960,109961,52733,109963,653],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109962,55768],{},[15,109964,20199],{},[64,109966,109968],{"className":66,"code":109967,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109969,109970,110002],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,109971,109972,109974,109976,109978,109980,109982,109984,109986,109988,109990,109992,109994,109996,109998,110000],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,109973,13586],{"class":216},[73,109975,221],{"class":220},[73,109977,10997],{"class":83},[73,109979,94],{"class":93},[73,109981,13603],{"class":97},[73,109983,94],{"class":93},[73,109985,140],{"class":83},[73,109987,224],{"class":93},[73,109989,13620],{"class":97},[73,109991,94],{"class":93},[73,109993,140],{"class":83},[73,109995,224],{"class":93},[73,109997,17967],{"class":97},[73,109999,94],{"class":93},[73,110001,9814],{"class":83},[73,110003,110004,110006,110008,110010,110012,110014,110016,110018],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,110005,18014],{"class":216},[73,110007,653],{"class":83},[73,110009,35300],{"class":245},[73,110011,84],{"class":83},[73,110013,94],{"class":93},[73,110015,23033],{"class":97},[73,110017,94],{"class":93},[73,110019,249],{"class":83},[20,110021,110022],{},[1194,110023,110024],{},"Result:",[64,110026,110028],{"className":66,"code":110027,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,110029,110030],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,110031,110032,110034,110036,110038,110040],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,110033,20199],{"class":87},[73,110035,1063],{"class":83},[73,110037,337],{"class":93},[73,110039,23033],{"class":97},[73,110041,1070],{"class":93},[20,110043,22700,110044,110047],{},[15,110045,110046],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,110049,110050,110051,110053],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,110052,55768],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,110055,110056,110057,653],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[646,110058,11771],{"href":11582},[59,110060,4710,110062,110064,110065],{"id":110061},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,110063,55768],{}," is different from ",[15,110066,103099],{},[20,110068,110069,1647,110071,110073],{},[15,110070,55768],{},[15,110072,103099],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[403,110075,110076],{"id":35300},[15,110077,55768],{},[33,110079,110080,110083],{},[36,110081,110082],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[36,110084,110085],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[64,110087,110089],{"className":66,"code":110088,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,110090,110091,110123],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,110092,110093,110095,110097,110099,110101,110103,110105,110107,110109,110111,110113,110115,110117,110119,110121],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,110094,36597],{"class":216},[73,110096,221],{"class":220},[73,110098,10997],{"class":83},[73,110100,94],{"class":93},[73,110102,646],{"class":97},[73,110104,94],{"class":93},[73,110106,140],{"class":83},[73,110108,224],{"class":93},[73,110110,5274],{"class":97},[73,110112,94],{"class":93},[73,110114,140],{"class":83},[73,110116,224],{"class":93},[73,110118,10245],{"class":97},[73,110120,94],{"class":93},[73,110122,9814],{"class":83},[73,110124,110125,110127,110129,110131,110133,110135,110137,110139],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,110126,36650],{"class":216},[73,110128,653],{"class":83},[73,110130,35300],{"class":245},[73,110132,84],{"class":83},[73,110134,94],{"class":93},[73,110136,19280],{"class":97},[73,110138,94],{"class":93},[73,110140,249],{"class":83},[20,110142,108899],{},[64,110144,110146],{"className":66,"code":110145,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,110147,110148],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,110149,110150,110152,110154,110156,110158],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,110151,20199],{"class":87},[73,110153,1063],{"class":83},[73,110155,337],{"class":93},[73,110157,19280],{"class":97},[73,110159,1070],{"class":93},[403,110161,110162],{"id":103166},[15,110163,103099],{},[33,110165,110166,110168],{},[36,110167,110082],{},[36,110169,110170],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[64,110172,110174],{"className":66,"code":110173,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,110175,110176,110208,110226],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,110177,110178,110180,110182,110184,110186,110188,110190,110192,110194,110196,110198,110200,110202,110204,110206],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,110179,36597],{"class":216},[73,110181,221],{"class":220},[73,110183,10997],{"class":83},[73,110185,94],{"class":93},[73,110187,646],{"class":97},[73,110189,94],{"class":93},[73,110191,140],{"class":83},[73,110193,224],{"class":93},[73,110195,5274],{"class":97},[73,110197,94],{"class":93},[73,110199,140],{"class":83},[73,110201,224],{"class":93},[73,110203,10245],{"class":97},[73,110205,94],{"class":93},[73,110207,9814],{"class":83},[73,110209,110210,110212,110214,110216,110218,110220,110222,110224],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,110211,36650],{"class":216},[73,110213,653],{"class":83},[73,110215,103166],{"class":245},[73,110217,84],{"class":83},[73,110219,94],{"class":93},[73,110221,19280],{"class":97},[73,110223,94],{"class":93},[73,110225,249],{"class":83},[73,110227,110228,110230,110232,110234],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,110229,80],{"class":79},[73,110231,84],{"class":83},[73,110233,36650],{"class":245},[73,110235,249],{"class":83},[20,110237,110238],{},[1194,110239,148],{},[64,110241,110243],{"className":66,"code":110242,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,110244,110245],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,110246,110247,110249,110251,110253,110255,110257,110259,110261,110263,110265,110267,110269,110271],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,110248,999],{"class":83},[73,110250,343],{"class":93},[73,110252,646],{"class":97},[73,110254,343],{"class":93},[73,110256,140],{"class":83},[73,110258,337],{"class":93},[73,110260,5274],{"class":97},[73,110262,343],{"class":93},[73,110264,140],{"class":83},[73,110266,337],{"class":93},[73,110268,10245],{"class":97},[73,110270,343],{"class":93},[73,110272,9814],{"class":83},[20,110274,19207],{},[33,110276,110277,110282],{},[36,110278,110279,110281],{},[15,110280,55768],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[36,110283,110284,110286],{},[15,110285,103099],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,110288,110289,110290,653],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[646,110291,97059,110292,11248],{"href":108702},[15,110293,103099],{},[59,110295,5031],{"id":5030},[403,110297,2300,110299,97439],{"id":110298},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,110300,55768],{},[20,110302,110303,110305,110306,653],{},[15,110304,55768],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,110307,1842],{},[20,110309,17154],{},[64,110311,110313],{"className":66,"code":110312,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,110314,110315,110347,110369],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,110316,110317,110319,110321,110323,110325,110327,110329,110331,110333,110335,110337,110339,110341,110343,110345],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,110318,13586],{"class":216},[73,110320,221],{"class":220},[73,110322,10997],{"class":83},[73,110324,94],{"class":93},[73,110326,13603],{"class":97},[73,110328,94],{"class":93},[73,110330,140],{"class":83},[73,110332,224],{"class":93},[73,110334,13620],{"class":97},[73,110336,94],{"class":93},[73,110338,140],{"class":83},[73,110340,224],{"class":93},[73,110342,17967],{"class":97},[73,110344,94],{"class":93},[73,110346,9814],{"class":83},[73,110348,110349,110351,110353,110355,110357,110359,110361,110363,110365,110367],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,110350,13629],{"class":216},[73,110352,221],{"class":220},[73,110354,13634],{"class":216},[73,110356,653],{"class":83},[73,110358,35300],{"class":245},[73,110360,84],{"class":83},[73,110362,94],{"class":93},[73,110364,13620],{"class":97},[73,110366,94],{"class":93},[73,110368,249],{"class":83},[73,110370,110371,110373,110375,110377],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,110372,80],{"class":79},[73,110374,84],{"class":83},[73,110376,13653],{"class":245},[73,110378,249],{"class":83},[20,110380,110381],{},[1194,110382,148],{},[64,110384,110385],{"className":66,"code":12319,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,110386,110387],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,110388,110389],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,110390,12319],{"class":484},[20,110392,17166],{},[64,110394,110395],{"className":66,"code":109605,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,110396,110397,110429,110447],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,110398,110399,110401,110403,110405,110407,110409,110411,110413,110415,110417,110419,110421,110423,110425,110427],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,110400,13586],{"class":216},[73,110402,221],{"class":220},[73,110404,10997],{"class":83},[73,110406,94],{"class":93},[73,110408,13603],{"class":97},[73,110410,94],{"class":93},[73,110412,140],{"class":83},[73,110414,224],{"class":93},[73,110416,13620],{"class":97},[73,110418,94],{"class":93},[73,110420,140],{"class":83},[73,110422,224],{"class":93},[73,110424,17967],{"class":97},[73,110426,94],{"class":93},[73,110428,9814],{"class":83},[73,110430,110431,110433,110435,110437,110439,110441,110443,110445],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,110432,18014],{"class":216},[73,110434,653],{"class":83},[73,110436,35300],{"class":245},[73,110438,84],{"class":83},[73,110440,94],{"class":93},[73,110442,13620],{"class":97},[73,110444,94],{"class":93},[73,110446,249],{"class":83},[73,110448,110449,110451,110453,110455],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,110450,80],{"class":79},[73,110452,84],{"class":83},[73,110454,18014],{"class":245},[73,110456,249],{"class":83},[403,110458,110460],{"id":110459},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110462,110463,110464,653],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110465,20199],{},[64,110467,110469],{"className":66,"code":110468,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110470,110471,110495],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,110472,110473,110475,110477,110479,110481,110483,110485,110487,110489,110491,110493],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,110474,13586],{"class":216},[73,110476,221],{"class":220},[73,110478,10997],{"class":83},[73,110480,94],{"class":93},[73,110482,13603],{"class":97},[73,110484,94],{"class":93},[73,110486,140],{"class":83},[73,110488,224],{"class":93},[73,110490,13620],{"class":97},[73,110492,94],{"class":93},[73,110494,9814],{"class":83},[73,110496,110497,110499,110501,110503,110505,110507,110509,110511],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,110498,18014],{"class":216},[73,110500,653],{"class":83},[73,110502,35300],{"class":245},[73,110504,84],{"class":83},[73,110506,94],{"class":93},[73,110508,17967],{"class":97},[73,110510,94],{"class":93},[73,110512,249],{"class":83},[20,110514,110515,110516,1063],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110517,940],{},[64,110519,110521],{"className":66,"code":110520,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110522,110523,110547,110551,110567],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,110524,110525,110527,110529,110531,110533,110535,110537,110539,110541,110543,110545],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,110526,13586],{"class":216},[73,110528,221],{"class":220},[73,110530,10997],{"class":83},[73,110532,94],{"class":93},[73,110534,13603],{"class":97},[73,110536,94],{"class":93},[73,110538,140],{"class":83},[73,110540,224],{"class":93},[73,110542,13620],{"class":97},[73,110544,94],{"class":93},[73,110546,9814],{"class":83},[73,110548,110549],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,110550,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,110552,110553,110555,110557,110559,110561,110563,110565],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,110554,7507],{"class":933},[73,110556,224],{"class":93},[73,110558,17967],{"class":97},[73,110560,94],{"class":93},[73,110562,21686],{"class":220},[73,110564,13634],{"class":216},[73,110566,946],{"class":83},[73,110568,110569,110572,110574,110576,110578,110580,110582,110584],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,110570,110571],{"class":216},"    colors",[73,110573,653],{"class":83},[73,110575,35300],{"class":245},[73,110577,84],{"class":83},[73,110579,94],{"class":93},[73,110581,17967],{"class":97},[73,110583,94],{"class":93},[73,110585,249],{"class":83},[20,110587,110588,110589,110593],{},"Or use ",[646,110590,110591],{"href":108702},[15,110592,103099],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[403,110595,37711,110597,9213,110599],{"id":110596},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110598,103113],{},[15,110600,55314],{},[20,110602,110603],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110605,110606,110607,110609],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110608,103113],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110611,110612,110613,653],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[646,110614,99323],{"href":99322},[403,110616,110618],{"id":110617},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110620,108608],{},[20,110622,110623],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[59,110625,2350],{"id":2349},[403,110627,2354,110629,97538],{"id":110628},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110630,103113],{},[20,110632,110633,110634,653],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110635,1842],{},[403,110637,30794,110639,110641],{"id":110638},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110640,103113],{}," raise?",[20,110643,30800,110644,110646],{},[15,110645,20199],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[403,110648,21933,110650,3408,110652,3023],{"id":110649},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110651,55768],{},[15,110653,103099],{},[20,110655,171,110656,110658,110659,110661],{},[15,110657,55768],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110660,103099],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[403,110663,5681,110665,110667],{"id":110664},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110666,103113],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110669,110670],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[59,110672,2413],{"id":2412},[33,110674,110675,110681,110687,110691,110695],{},[36,110676,110677],{},[646,110678,97059,110679,11248],{"href":108702},[15,110680,103099],{},[36,110682,110683],{},[646,110684,97059,110685,11248],{"href":98459},[15,110686,13273],{},[36,110688,110689],{},[646,110690,97583],{"href":98128},[36,110692,110693],{},[646,110694,100589],{"href":99322},[36,110696,110697],{},[646,110698,11771],{"href":11582},[2459,110700,110701],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":110703},[110704,110705,110707,110708,110709,110710,110715,110723,110733],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":109705,"depth":105,"text":110706},"What set.remove() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":11984,"depth":105,"text":11985},{"id":109956,"depth":105,"text":109957},{"id":110061,"depth":105,"text":110711,"children":110712},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110713,110714],{"id":35300,"depth":122,"text":55768},{"id":103166,"depth":122,"text":103099},{"id":5030,"depth":105,"text":5031,"children":110716},[110717,110719,110720,110722],{"id":110298,"depth":122,"text":110718},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110459,"depth":122,"text":110460},{"id":110596,"depth":122,"text":110721},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110617,"depth":122,"text":110618},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":110724},[110725,110727,110729,110731],{"id":110628,"depth":122,"text":110726},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110638,"depth":122,"text":110728},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110649,"depth":122,"text":110730},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110664,"depth":122,"text":110732},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109579,"description":110734},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110741,"title":110742,"body":110743,"description":112116,"extension":2511,"meta":112117,"navigation":254,"path":112118,"seo":112119,"stem":112120,"__hash__":112121},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110744,"toc":112091},[110745,110751,110757,110760,110763,110777,110779,110860,110863,110868,110872,110886,110893,110895,110914,110917,110935,110937,111017,111019,111044,111048,111051,111059,111064,111069,111071,111084,111089,111092,111116,111119,111127,111129,111132,111229,111231,111264,111266,111292,111299,111302,111306,111314,111318,111326,111328,111418,111420,111434,111441,111446,111451,111453,111544,111546,111558,111560,111574,111580,111588,111590,111672,111674,111719,111722,111730,111733,111735,111739,111782,111784,111804,111809,111811,111896,111898,111903,111905,111912,111920,111926,111929,111931,112017,112019,112043,112047,112050,112052,112079,112089],[10,110746,96445,110748,11831],{"id":110747},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110749,110750],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110752,110753,110756],{},[15,110754,110755],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110758,110759],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110761,110762],{},"Use it when:",[33,110764,110765,110768,110774],{},[36,110766,110767],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[36,110769,110770,110771,110773],{},"you do ",[1194,110772,1196],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[36,110775,110776],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[59,110778,4124],{"id":4123},[64,110780,110782],{"className":66,"code":110781,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110783,110784,110804,110824,110828,110847],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,110785,110786,110788,110790,110792,110794,110796,110798,110800,110802],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,110787,3086],{"class":216},[73,110789,221],{"class":220},[73,110791,10997],{"class":83},[73,110793,2397],{"class":116},[73,110795,140],{"class":83},[73,110797,143],{"class":116},[73,110799,140],{"class":83},[73,110801,2982],{"class":116},[73,110803,9814],{"class":83},[73,110805,110806,110808,110810,110812,110814,110816,110818,110820,110822],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,110807,3114],{"class":216},[73,110809,221],{"class":220},[73,110811,10997],{"class":83},[73,110813,1304],{"class":116},[73,110815,140],{"class":83},[73,110817,2988],{"class":116},[73,110819,140],{"class":83},[73,110821,5118],{"class":116},[73,110823,9814],{"class":83},[73,110825,110826],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,110827,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,110829,110830,110832,110834,110836,110838,110841,110843,110845],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,110831,2766],{"class":216},[73,110833,221],{"class":220},[73,110835,57127],{"class":216},[73,110837,653],{"class":83},[73,110839,110840],{"class":245},"symmetric_difference",[73,110842,84],{"class":83},[73,110844,5274],{"class":245},[73,110846,249],{"class":83},[73,110848,110849,110851,110853,110855,110857],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,110850,80],{"class":79},[73,110852,84],{"class":83},[73,110854,2800],{"class":245},[73,110856,4177],{"class":83},[73,110858,110859],{"class":769},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110861,110862],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[59,110864,178,110866,181],{"id":110865},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110867,110750],{},[20,110869,110870,1063],{},[15,110871,110755],{},[33,110873,110874,110877,110880,110883],{},[36,110875,110876],{},"returns a new set",[36,110878,110879],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[36,110881,110882],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[36,110884,110885],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110887,96569,110888,3408,110890,653],{},[646,110889,96573],{"href":96572},[646,110891,110892],{"href":96576},"creating a set in Python",[59,110894,370],{"id":369},[64,110896,110898],{"className":66,"code":110897,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110899,110900],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,110901,110902,110904,110906,110908,110910,110912],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,110903,100830],{"class":216},[73,110905,653],{"class":83},[73,110907,110840],{"class":245},[73,110909,84],{"class":83},[73,110911,100839],{"class":245},[73,110913,249],{"class":83},[20,110915,110916],{},"Notes:",[33,110918,110919,110924,110929,110932],{},[36,110920,110921,110923],{},[15,110922,100830],{}," must be a set",[36,110925,110926,110928],{},[15,110927,100839],{}," can be any iterable",[36,110930,110931],{},"the result is always a set",[36,110933,110934],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110936,206],{},[64,110938,110940],{"className":66,"code":110939,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110941,110942,110963,110984,110988,111007],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,110943,110944,110947,110949,110951,110953,110955,110957,110959,110961],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,110945,110946],{"class":216},"set1 ",[73,110948,221],{"class":220},[73,110950,10997],{"class":83},[73,110952,2397],{"class":116},[73,110954,140],{"class":83},[73,110956,143],{"class":116},[73,110958,140],{"class":83},[73,110960,2982],{"class":116},[73,110962,9814],{"class":83},[73,110964,110965,110968,110970,110972,110974,110976,110978,110980,110982],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,110966,110967],{"class":216},"set2 ",[73,110969,221],{"class":220},[73,110971,10997],{"class":83},[73,110973,1304],{"class":116},[73,110975,140],{"class":83},[73,110977,2988],{"class":116},[73,110979,140],{"class":83},[73,110981,5118],{"class":116},[73,110983,9814],{"class":83},[73,110985,110986],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,110987,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,110989,110990,110992,110994,110997,110999,111001,111003,111005],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,110991,2766],{"class":216},[73,110993,221],{"class":220},[73,110995,110996],{"class":216}," set1",[73,110998,653],{"class":83},[73,111000,110840],{"class":245},[73,111002,84],{"class":83},[73,111004,100839],{"class":245},[73,111006,249],{"class":83},[73,111008,111009,111011,111013,111015],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,111010,80],{"class":79},[73,111012,84],{"class":83},[73,111014,2800],{"class":245},[73,111016,249],{"class":83},[20,111018,148],{},[64,111020,111022],{"className":66,"code":111021,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111023,111024],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,111025,111026,111028,111030,111032,111034,111036,111038,111040,111042],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,111027,999],{"class":83},[73,111029,2397],{"class":116},[73,111031,140],{"class":83},[73,111033,143],{"class":116},[73,111035,140],{"class":83},[73,111037,2988],{"class":116},[73,111039,140],{"class":83},[73,111041,5118],{"class":116},[73,111043,9814],{"class":83},[59,111045,111047],{"id":111046},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,111049,111050],{},"The result includes:",[33,111052,111053,111056],{},[36,111054,111055],{},"items only in the first set",[36,111057,111058],{},"items only in the second set",[20,111060,111061,111062,11591],{},"The result does ",[1194,111063,1196],{},[33,111065,111066],{},[36,111067,111068],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,111070,5985],{},[33,111072,111073,111078],{},[36,111074,111075,111076],{},"first set: ",[15,111077,100527],{},[36,111079,111080,111081],{},"second set: ",[15,111082,111083],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,111085,4560,111086,111088],{},[15,111087,1304],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,111090,111091],{},"The output is:",[64,111093,111094],{"className":66,"code":111021,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,111095,111096],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,111097,111098,111100,111102,111104,111106,111108,111110,111112,111114],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,111099,999],{"class":83},[73,111101,2397],{"class":116},[73,111103,140],{"class":83},[73,111105,143],{"class":116},[73,111107,140],{"class":83},[73,111109,2988],{"class":116},[73,111111,140],{"class":83},[73,111113,5118],{"class":116},[73,111115,9814],{"class":83},[20,111117,111118],{},"Also remember:",[33,111120,111121,111124],{},[36,111122,111123],{},"sets are unordered",[36,111125,111126],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[59,111128,11985],{"id":11984},[20,111130,111131],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[64,111133,111135],{"className":66,"code":111134,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,111136,111137,111169,111193,111197,111215,111219],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,111138,111139,111141,111143,111145,111147,111149,111151,111153,111155,111157,111159,111161,111163,111165,111167],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,111140,107270],{"class":216},[73,111142,221],{"class":220},[73,111144,10997],{"class":83},[73,111146,94],{"class":93},[73,111148,13603],{"class":97},[73,111150,94],{"class":93},[73,111152,140],{"class":83},[73,111154,224],{"class":93},[73,111156,13620],{"class":97},[73,111158,94],{"class":93},[73,111160,140],{"class":83},[73,111162,224],{"class":93},[73,111164,17967],{"class":97},[73,111166,94],{"class":93},[73,111168,9814],{"class":83},[73,111170,111171,111173,111175,111177,111179,111181,111183,111185,111187,111189,111191],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,111172,107303],{"class":216},[73,111174,221],{"class":220},[73,111176,10997],{"class":83},[73,111178,94],{"class":93},[73,111180,17967],{"class":97},[73,111182,94],{"class":93},[73,111184,140],{"class":83},[73,111186,224],{"class":93},[73,111188,23033],{"class":97},[73,111190,94],{"class":93},[73,111192,9814],{"class":83},[73,111194,111195],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,111196,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,111198,111199,111201,111203,111205,111207,111209,111211,111213],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,111200,2766],{"class":216},[73,111202,221],{"class":220},[73,111204,107345],{"class":216},[73,111206,653],{"class":83},[73,111208,110840],{"class":245},[73,111210,84],{"class":83},[73,111212,107354],{"class":245},[73,111214,249],{"class":83},[73,111216,111217],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,111218,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,111220,111221,111223,111225,111227],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,111222,80],{"class":79},[73,111224,84],{"class":83},[73,111226,2800],{"class":245},[73,111228,249],{"class":83},[20,111230,148],{},[64,111232,111234],{"className":66,"code":111233,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,111235,111236],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,111237,111238,111240,111242,111244,111246,111248,111250,111252,111254,111256,111258,111260,111262],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,111239,999],{"class":83},[73,111241,343],{"class":93},[73,111243,13603],{"class":97},[73,111245,343],{"class":93},[73,111247,140],{"class":83},[73,111249,337],{"class":93},[73,111251,13620],{"class":97},[73,111253,343],{"class":93},[73,111255,140],{"class":83},[73,111257,337],{"class":93},[73,111259,23033],{"class":97},[73,111261,343],{"class":93},[73,111263,9814],{"class":83},[20,111265,13920],{},[33,111267,111268,111273,111284],{},[36,111269,111270,111272],{},[15,111271,96738],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[36,111274,111275,1647,111277,111280,111281,111283],{},[15,111276,65634],{},[15,111278,111279],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,111282,107407],{},", so they stay",[36,111285,111286,111288,111289,111291],{},[15,111287,110046],{}," is only in ",[15,111290,107354],{},", so it stays",[59,111293,111295,11092,111297],{"id":111294},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,111296,110750],{},[15,111298,100659],{},[20,111300,111301],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,111303,111304,1063],{},[15,111305,100659],{},[33,111307,111308,111311],{},[36,111309,111310],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[36,111312,111313],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,111315,111316,1063],{},[15,111317,110750],{},[33,111319,111320,111323],{},[36,111321,111322],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[36,111324,111325],{},"removes shared items",[20,111327,206],{},[64,111329,111331],{"className":66,"code":111330,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111332,111333,111353,111373,111377,111398],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,111334,111335,111337,111339,111341,111343,111345,111347,111349,111351],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,111336,3086],{"class":216},[73,111338,221],{"class":220},[73,111340,10997],{"class":83},[73,111342,2397],{"class":116},[73,111344,140],{"class":83},[73,111346,143],{"class":116},[73,111348,140],{"class":83},[73,111350,2982],{"class":116},[73,111352,9814],{"class":83},[73,111354,111355,111357,111359,111361,111363,111365,111367,111369,111371],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,111356,3114],{"class":216},[73,111358,221],{"class":220},[73,111360,10997],{"class":83},[73,111362,1304],{"class":116},[73,111364,140],{"class":83},[73,111366,2988],{"class":116},[73,111368,140],{"class":83},[73,111370,5118],{"class":116},[73,111372,9814],{"class":83},[73,111374,111375],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,111376,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,111378,111379,111381,111383,111385,111387,111389,111391,111393,111395],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,111380,80],{"class":79},[73,111382,84],{"class":83},[73,111384,646],{"class":245},[73,111386,653],{"class":83},[73,111388,3343],{"class":245},[73,111390,84],{"class":83},[73,111392,5274],{"class":245},[73,111394,5874],{"class":83},[73,111396,111397],{"class":769},"            # {1, 2}\n",[73,111399,111400,111402,111404,111406,111408,111410,111412,111414,111416],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,111401,80],{"class":79},[73,111403,84],{"class":83},[73,111405,646],{"class":245},[73,111407,653],{"class":83},[73,111409,110840],{"class":245},[73,111411,84],{"class":83},[73,111413,5274],{"class":245},[73,111415,5874],{"class":83},[73,111417,110859],{"class":769},[20,111419,19207],{},[33,111421,111422,111429],{},[36,111423,111424,111428],{},[646,111425,111426],{"href":103085},[15,111427,100659],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[36,111430,111431,111433],{},[15,111432,110750],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[59,111435,111437,11092,111439],{"id":111436},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111438,110750],{},[15,111440,103044],{},[20,111442,111443,111445],{},[15,111444,103044],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111447,111448,111450],{},[15,111449,110750],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111452,206],{},[64,111454,111456],{"className":66,"code":111455,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111457,111458,111478,111498,111502,111524],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,111459,111460,111462,111464,111466,111468,111470,111472,111474,111476],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,111461,3086],{"class":216},[73,111463,221],{"class":220},[73,111465,10997],{"class":83},[73,111467,2397],{"class":116},[73,111469,140],{"class":83},[73,111471,143],{"class":116},[73,111473,140],{"class":83},[73,111475,2982],{"class":116},[73,111477,9814],{"class":83},[73,111479,111480,111482,111484,111486,111488,111490,111492,111494,111496],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,111481,3114],{"class":216},[73,111483,221],{"class":220},[73,111485,10997],{"class":83},[73,111487,1304],{"class":116},[73,111489,140],{"class":83},[73,111491,2988],{"class":116},[73,111493,140],{"class":83},[73,111495,5118],{"class":116},[73,111497,9814],{"class":83},[73,111499,111500],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,111501,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,111503,111504,111506,111508,111510,111512,111515,111517,111519,111521],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,111505,80],{"class":79},[73,111507,84],{"class":83},[73,111509,646],{"class":245},[73,111511,653],{"class":83},[73,111513,111514],{"class":245},"union",[73,111516,84],{"class":83},[73,111518,5274],{"class":245},[73,111520,5874],{"class":83},[73,111522,111523],{"class":769},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[73,111525,111526,111528,111530,111532,111534,111536,111538,111540,111542],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,111527,80],{"class":79},[73,111529,84],{"class":83},[73,111531,646],{"class":245},[73,111533,653],{"class":83},[73,111535,110840],{"class":245},[73,111537,84],{"class":83},[73,111539,5274],{"class":245},[73,111541,5874],{"class":83},[73,111543,110859],{"class":769},[20,111545,27731],{},[33,111547,111548,111553],{},[36,111549,111550,111552],{},[15,111551,103044],{}," includes everything",[36,111554,111555,111557],{},[15,111556,110750],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111559,19207],{},[33,111561,111562,111569],{},[36,111563,111564,111568],{},[646,111565,111566],{"href":107975},[15,111567,103044],{}," when overlap does not matter",[36,111570,111571,111573],{},[15,111572,110750],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[59,111575,37120,111577,101843],{"id":111576},"using-the-operator",[15,111578,111579],{},"^",[20,111581,111582,111583,111585,111586,653],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111584,111579],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111587,110750],{},[20,111589,206],{},[64,111591,111593],{"className":66,"code":111592,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111594,111595,111615,111635,111639,111657],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,111596,111597,111599,111601,111603,111605,111607,111609,111611,111613],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,111598,110946],{"class":216},[73,111600,221],{"class":220},[73,111602,10997],{"class":83},[73,111604,2397],{"class":116},[73,111606,140],{"class":83},[73,111608,143],{"class":116},[73,111610,140],{"class":83},[73,111612,2982],{"class":116},[73,111614,9814],{"class":83},[73,111616,111617,111619,111621,111623,111625,111627,111629,111631,111633],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,111618,110967],{"class":216},[73,111620,221],{"class":220},[73,111622,10997],{"class":83},[73,111624,1304],{"class":116},[73,111626,140],{"class":83},[73,111628,2988],{"class":116},[73,111630,140],{"class":83},[73,111632,5118],{"class":116},[73,111634,9814],{"class":83},[73,111636,111637],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,111638,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,111640,111641,111643,111645,111647,111649,111651,111653,111655],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,111642,80],{"class":79},[73,111644,84],{"class":83},[73,111646,100830],{"class":245},[73,111648,653],{"class":83},[73,111650,110840],{"class":245},[73,111652,84],{"class":83},[73,111654,100839],{"class":245},[73,111656,102],{"class":83},[73,111658,111659,111661,111663,111665,111667,111670],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,111660,80],{"class":79},[73,111662,84],{"class":83},[73,111664,110946],{"class":245},[73,111666,111579],{"class":220},[73,111668,111669],{"class":245}," set2",[73,111671,249],{"class":83},[20,111673,30536],{},[64,111675,111677],{"className":66,"code":111676,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111678,111679,111699],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,111680,111681,111683,111685,111687,111689,111691,111693,111695,111697],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,111682,999],{"class":83},[73,111684,2397],{"class":116},[73,111686,140],{"class":83},[73,111688,143],{"class":116},[73,111690,140],{"class":83},[73,111692,2988],{"class":116},[73,111694,140],{"class":83},[73,111696,5118],{"class":116},[73,111698,9814],{"class":83},[73,111700,111701,111703,111705,111707,111709,111711,111713,111715,111717],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,111702,999],{"class":83},[73,111704,2397],{"class":116},[73,111706,140],{"class":83},[73,111708,143],{"class":116},[73,111710,140],{"class":83},[73,111712,2988],{"class":116},[73,111714,140],{"class":83},[73,111716,5118],{"class":116},[73,111718,9814],{"class":83},[20,111720,111721],{},"Both forms:",[33,111723,111724,111727],{},[36,111725,111726],{},"return a new set",[36,111728,111729],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111731,111732],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[59,111734,5031],{"id":5030},[20,111736,21724,111737,1063],{},[15,111738,110750],{},[33,111740,111741,111749,111759,111774],{},[36,111742,111743,111746,111748],{},[1194,111744,111745],{},"Expecting sorted output",[10352,111747],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[36,111750,111751,111754,111756,111758],{},[1194,111752,111753],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[10352,111755],{},[15,111757,110750],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[36,111760,111761,111766,111768,111770,111771,111773],{},[1194,111762,111763,111764],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111765,100659],{},[10352,111767],{},[15,111769,100659],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111772,110750],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[36,111775,111776,111779,111781],{},[1194,111777,111778],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[10352,111780],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111783,59102],{},[33,111785,111786,111795,111798,111801],{},[36,111787,50729,111788,45121,111790,111794],{},[15,111789,110750],{},[646,111791,111792],{"href":107975},[15,111793,103044],{}," is actually needed",[36,111796,111797],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[36,111799,111800],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[36,111802,111803],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111805,111806,111807,653],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[646,111808,99323],{"href":105588},[20,111810,62536],{},[64,111812,111814],{"className":66,"code":111813,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111815,111816,111826,111836,111854,111868,111882],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,111817,111818,111820,111822,111824],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,111819,80],{"class":79},[73,111821,84],{"class":83},[73,111823,100830],{"class":245},[73,111825,249],{"class":83},[73,111827,111828,111830,111832,111834],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,111829,80],{"class":79},[73,111831,84],{"class":83},[73,111833,100839],{"class":245},[73,111835,249],{"class":83},[73,111837,111838,111840,111842,111844,111846,111848,111850,111852],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,111839,80],{"class":79},[73,111841,84],{"class":83},[73,111843,100830],{"class":245},[73,111845,653],{"class":83},[73,111847,110840],{"class":245},[73,111849,84],{"class":83},[73,111851,100839],{"class":245},[73,111853,102],{"class":83},[73,111855,111856,111858,111860,111862,111864,111866],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,111857,80],{"class":79},[73,111859,84],{"class":83},[73,111861,110946],{"class":245},[73,111863,111579],{"class":220},[73,111865,111669],{"class":245},[73,111867,249],{"class":83},[73,111869,111870,111872,111874,111876,111878,111880],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,111871,80],{"class":79},[73,111873,84],{"class":83},[73,111875,288],{"class":87},[73,111877,84],{"class":83},[73,111879,100830],{"class":245},[73,111881,102],{"class":83},[73,111883,111884,111886,111888,111890,111892,111894],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,111885,80],{"class":79},[73,111887,84],{"class":83},[73,111889,288],{"class":87},[73,111891,84],{"class":83},[73,111893,100839],{"class":245},[73,111895,102],{"class":83},[59,111897,2350],{"id":2349},[403,111899,2354,111901,102984],{"id":111900},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111902,110750],{},[20,111904,102987],{},[403,111906,5691,111908,1647,111910,3023],{"id":111907},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111909,110750],{},[15,111911,100659],{},[20,111913,111914,111916,111917,111919],{},[15,111915,100659],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111918,110750],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[403,111921,28838,111923,111925],{"id":111922},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111924,110750],{}," with lists?",[20,111927,111928],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111930,206],{},[64,111932,111934],{"className":66,"code":111933,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111935,111936,111956,111976,111980,112007],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,111937,111938,111940,111942,111944,111946,111948,111950,111952,111954],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,111939,80900],{"class":216},[73,111941,221],{"class":220},[73,111943,891],{"class":83},[73,111945,2397],{"class":116},[73,111947,140],{"class":83},[73,111949,143],{"class":116},[73,111951,140],{"class":83},[73,111953,2982],{"class":116},[73,111955,924],{"class":83},[73,111957,111958,111960,111962,111964,111966,111968,111970,111972,111974],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,111959,80921],{"class":216},[73,111961,221],{"class":220},[73,111963,891],{"class":83},[73,111965,1304],{"class":116},[73,111967,140],{"class":83},[73,111969,2988],{"class":116},[73,111971,140],{"class":83},[73,111973,5118],{"class":116},[73,111975,924],{"class":83},[73,111977,111978],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,111979,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,111981,111982,111984,111986,111988,111990,111993,111995,111997,111999,112001,112003,112005],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,111983,2766],{"class":216},[73,111985,221],{"class":220},[73,111987,16143],{"class":87},[73,111989,84],{"class":83},[73,111991,111992],{"class":245},"list1",[73,111994,9139],{"class":83},[73,111996,110840],{"class":245},[73,111998,84],{"class":83},[73,112000,6798],{"class":87},[73,112002,84],{"class":83},[73,112004,81187],{"class":245},[73,112006,102],{"class":83},[73,112008,112009,112011,112013,112015],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,112010,80],{"class":79},[73,112012,84],{"class":83},[73,112014,2800],{"class":245},[73,112016,249],{"class":83},[20,112018,148],{},[64,112020,112021],{"className":66,"code":111021,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,112022,112023],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,112024,112025,112027,112029,112031,112033,112035,112037,112039,112041],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,112026,999],{"class":83},[73,112028,2397],{"class":116},[73,112030,140],{"class":83},[73,112032,143],{"class":116},[73,112034,140],{"class":83},[73,112036,2988],{"class":116},[73,112038,140],{"class":83},[73,112040,5118],{"class":116},[73,112042,9814],{"class":83},[403,112044,112046],{"id":112045},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,112048,112049],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[59,112051,2413],{"id":2412},[33,112053,112054,112058,112063,112069,112075],{},[36,112055,112056],{},[646,112057,96573],{"href":96572},[36,112059,112060],{},[646,112061,112062],{"href":96576},"Creating a set in Python",[36,112064,112065],{},[646,112066,97059,112067,11248],{"href":103085},[15,112068,100659],{},[36,112070,112071],{},[646,112072,97059,112073,11248],{"href":107975},[15,112074,103044],{},[36,112076,112077],{},[646,112078,100589],{"href":105588},[20,112080,112081,112082,2728,112084,17583,112086,112088],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,112083,100659],{},[15,112085,103044],{},[15,112087,110750],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2459,112090,57481],{},{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":112092},[112093,112094,112096,112097,112098,112099,112101,112103,112105,112106,112115],{"id":4123,"depth":105,"text":4124},{"id":110865,"depth":105,"text":112095},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":111046,"depth":105,"text":111047},{"id":11984,"depth":105,"text":11985},{"id":111294,"depth":105,"text":112100},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111436,"depth":105,"text":112102},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111576,"depth":105,"text":112104},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":5030,"depth":105,"text":5031},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":112107},[112108,112110,112112,112114],{"id":111900,"depth":122,"text":112109},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111907,"depth":122,"text":112111},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111922,"depth":122,"text":112113},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":112045,"depth":122,"text":112046},{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110742,"description":112116},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":112123,"title":112124,"body":112125,"description":114188,"extension":2511,"meta":114189,"navigation":254,"path":107975,"seo":114190,"stem":114191,"__hash__":114192},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":112126,"toc":114147},[112127,112132,112137,112140,112153,112155,112237,112242,112247,112251,112263,112266,112270,112272,112299,112301,112312,112315,112384,112386,112392,112395,112405,112407,112496,112501,112503,112510,112513,112515,112518,112638,112640,112709,112712,112729,112734,112737,112853,112855,112884,112887,112893,112898,112902,112983,112985,113013,113018,113022,113117,113119,113160,113164,113167,113234,113236,113277,113283,113298,113305,113312,113316,113322,113408,113412,113420,113491,113496,113503,113505,113511,113513,113578,113580,113596,113601,113604,113673,113677,113680,113739,113742,113746,113799,113812,113815,113868,113872,113874,113905,113908,113913,113966,113970,113973,113994,114006,114008,114061,114063,114068,114070,114076,114079,114085,114090,114094,114097,114105,114114,114116,114144],[10,112128,13,112130,11831],{"id":112129},"python-setunion-method",[15,112131,108288],{},[20,112133,112134,112136],{},[15,112135,108288],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,112138,112139],{},"It is useful when you want:",[33,112141,112142,112145,112150],{},[36,112143,112144],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[36,112146,3086,112147,112149],{},[1194,112148,101014],{}," as the result",[36,112151,112152],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[59,112154,62],{"id":61},[64,112156,112158],{"className":66,"code":112157,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112159,112160,112180,112200,112204,112222,112232],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,112161,112162,112164,112166,112168,112170,112172,112174,112176,112178],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,112163,110946],{"class":216},[73,112165,221],{"class":220},[73,112167,10997],{"class":83},[73,112169,2397],{"class":116},[73,112171,140],{"class":83},[73,112173,143],{"class":116},[73,112175,140],{"class":83},[73,112177,2982],{"class":116},[73,112179,9814],{"class":83},[73,112181,112182,112184,112186,112188,112190,112192,112194,112196,112198],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,112183,110967],{"class":216},[73,112185,221],{"class":220},[73,112187,10997],{"class":83},[73,112189,1304],{"class":116},[73,112191,140],{"class":83},[73,112193,2988],{"class":116},[73,112195,140],{"class":83},[73,112197,5118],{"class":116},[73,112199,9814],{"class":83},[73,112201,112202],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,112203,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,112205,112206,112208,112210,112212,112214,112216,112218,112220],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,112207,2766],{"class":216},[73,112209,221],{"class":220},[73,112211,110996],{"class":216},[73,112213,653],{"class":83},[73,112215,111514],{"class":245},[73,112217,84],{"class":83},[73,112219,100839],{"class":245},[73,112221,249],{"class":83},[73,112223,112224,112226,112228,112230],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,112225,80],{"class":79},[73,112227,84],{"class":83},[73,112229,2800],{"class":245},[73,112231,249],{"class":83},[73,112233,112234],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,112235,112236],{"class":769},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,112238,112239,112241],{},[15,112240,103044],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[59,112243,178,112245,181],{"id":112244},"what-setunion-does",[15,112246,108288],{},[20,112248,112249,1063],{},[15,112250,108288],{},[33,112252,112253,112256,112259,112261],{},[36,112254,112255],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[36,112257,112258],{},"keeps only unique values",[36,112260,110876],{},[36,112262,110885],{},[20,112264,112265],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,112267,96569,112268,653],{},[646,112269,96573],{"href":97744},[59,112271,370],{"id":369},[64,112273,112275],{"className":66,"code":112274,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,112276,112277],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,112278,112279,112281,112283,112285,112287,112289,112291,112293,112295,112297],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,112280,100830],{"class":216},[73,112282,653],{"class":83},[73,112284,111514],{"class":245},[73,112286,84],{"class":83},[73,112288,100839],{"class":245},[73,112290,140],{"class":83},[73,112292,100866],{"class":245},[73,112294,140],{"class":83},[73,112296,34961],{"class":79},[73,112298,249],{"class":83},[20,112300,189],{},[33,112302,112303,112306,112309],{},[36,112304,112305],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[36,112307,112308],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[36,112310,112311],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,112313,112314],{},"Example with two sets:",[64,112316,112318],{"className":66,"code":112317,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112319,112320,112336,112352,112356,112374],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,112321,112322,112324,112326,112328,112330,112332,112334],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,112323,3086],{"class":216},[73,112325,221],{"class":220},[73,112327,10997],{"class":83},[73,112329,2397],{"class":116},[73,112331,140],{"class":83},[73,112333,143],{"class":116},[73,112335,9814],{"class":83},[73,112337,112338,112340,112342,112344,112346,112348,112350],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,112339,3114],{"class":216},[73,112341,221],{"class":220},[73,112343,10997],{"class":83},[73,112345,530],{"class":116},[73,112347,140],{"class":83},[73,112349,2982],{"class":116},[73,112351,9814],{"class":83},[73,112353,112354],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,112355,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,112357,112358,112360,112362,112364,112366,112368,112370,112372],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,112359,2766],{"class":216},[73,112361,221],{"class":220},[73,112363,57127],{"class":216},[73,112365,653],{"class":83},[73,112367,111514],{"class":245},[73,112369,84],{"class":83},[73,112371,5274],{"class":245},[73,112373,249],{"class":83},[73,112375,112376,112378,112380,112382],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,112377,80],{"class":79},[73,112379,84],{"class":83},[73,112381,2800],{"class":245},[73,112383,249],{"class":83},[59,112385,22481],{"id":22480},[20,112387,112388,101011,112390,653],{},[15,112389,108288],{},[1194,112391,101014],{},[20,112393,112394],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[33,112396,112397,112400],{},[36,112398,112399],{},"the original set",[36,112401,112402,112403],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,112404,103044],{},[20,112406,206],{},[64,112408,112410],{"className":66,"code":112409,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,112411,112412,112428,112444,112448,112466,112470,112483],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,112413,112414,112416,112418,112420,112422,112424,112426],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,112415,3086],{"class":216},[73,112417,221],{"class":220},[73,112419,10997],{"class":83},[73,112421,2397],{"class":116},[73,112423,140],{"class":83},[73,112425,143],{"class":116},[73,112427,9814],{"class":83},[73,112429,112430,112432,112434,112436,112438,112440,112442],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,112431,3114],{"class":216},[73,112433,221],{"class":220},[73,112435,10997],{"class":83},[73,112437,530],{"class":116},[73,112439,140],{"class":83},[73,112441,2982],{"class":116},[73,112443,9814],{"class":83},[73,112445,112446],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,112447,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,112449,112450,112452,112454,112456,112458,112460,112462,112464],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,112451,2766],{"class":216},[73,112453,221],{"class":220},[73,112455,57127],{"class":216},[73,112457,653],{"class":83},[73,112459,111514],{"class":245},[73,112461,84],{"class":83},[73,112463,5274],{"class":245},[73,112465,249],{"class":83},[73,112467,112468],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,112469,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,112471,112472,112474,112476,112478,112480],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,112473,80],{"class":79},[73,112475,84],{"class":83},[73,112477,2800],{"class":245},[73,112479,4177],{"class":83},[73,112481,112482],{"class":769},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[73,112484,112485,112487,112489,112491,112493],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,112486,80],{"class":79},[73,112488,84],{"class":83},[73,112490,646],{"class":245},[73,112492,4177],{"class":83},[73,112494,112495],{"class":769},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112497,2822,112498,112500],{},[15,112499,646],{}," did not change.",[20,112502,111118],{},[33,112504,112505,112507],{},[36,112506,111123],{},[36,112508,112509],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112511,112512],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[59,112514,11985],{"id":11984},[20,112516,112517],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[64,112519,112521],{"className":66,"code":112520,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112522,112523,112556,112589,112593,112613,112617,112627],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,112524,112525,112528,112530,112532,112534,112536,112538,112540,112542,112544,112546,112548,112550,112552,112554],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,112526,112527],{"class":216},"fruits1 ",[73,112529,221],{"class":220},[73,112531,10997],{"class":83},[73,112533,94],{"class":93},[73,112535,4590],{"class":97},[73,112537,94],{"class":93},[73,112539,140],{"class":83},[73,112541,224],{"class":93},[73,112543,4599],{"class":97},[73,112545,94],{"class":93},[73,112547,140],{"class":83},[73,112549,224],{"class":93},[73,112551,33727],{"class":97},[73,112553,94],{"class":93},[73,112555,9814],{"class":83},[73,112557,112558,112561,112563,112565,112567,112569,112571,112573,112575,112577,112579,112581,112583,112585,112587],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,112559,112560],{"class":216},"fruits2 ",[73,112562,221],{"class":220},[73,112564,10997],{"class":83},[73,112566,94],{"class":93},[73,112568,4599],{"class":97},[73,112570,94],{"class":93},[73,112572,140],{"class":83},[73,112574,224],{"class":93},[73,112576,23042],{"class":97},[73,112578,94],{"class":93},[73,112580,140],{"class":83},[73,112582,224],{"class":93},[73,112584,33727],{"class":97},[73,112586,94],{"class":93},[73,112588,9814],{"class":83},[73,112590,112591],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,112592,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,112594,112595,112597,112599,112602,112604,112606,112608,112611],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,112596,2766],{"class":216},[73,112598,221],{"class":220},[73,112600,112601],{"class":216}," fruits1",[73,112603,653],{"class":83},[73,112605,111514],{"class":245},[73,112607,84],{"class":83},[73,112609,112610],{"class":245},"fruits2",[73,112612,249],{"class":83},[73,112614,112615],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,112616,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,112618,112619,112621,112623,112625],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,112620,80],{"class":79},[73,112622,84],{"class":83},[73,112624,2800],{"class":245},[73,112626,249],{"class":83},[73,112628,112629,112631,112633,112636],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,112630,80],{"class":79},[73,112632,84],{"class":83},[73,112634,112635],{"class":245},"fruits1",[73,112637,249],{"class":83},[20,112639,30536],{},[64,112641,112643],{"className":66,"code":112642,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112644,112645,112681],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,112646,112647,112649,112651,112653,112655,112657,112659,112661,112663,112665,112667,112669,112671,112673,112675,112677,112679],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,112648,999],{"class":83},[73,112650,343],{"class":93},[73,112652,4599],{"class":97},[73,112654,343],{"class":93},[73,112656,140],{"class":83},[73,112658,337],{"class":93},[73,112660,33727],{"class":97},[73,112662,343],{"class":93},[73,112664,140],{"class":83},[73,112666,337],{"class":93},[73,112668,4590],{"class":97},[73,112670,343],{"class":93},[73,112672,140],{"class":83},[73,112674,337],{"class":93},[73,112676,23042],{"class":97},[73,112678,343],{"class":93},[73,112680,9814],{"class":83},[73,112682,112683,112685,112687,112689,112691,112693,112695,112697,112699,112701,112703,112705,112707],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,112684,999],{"class":83},[73,112686,343],{"class":93},[73,112688,4599],{"class":97},[73,112690,343],{"class":93},[73,112692,140],{"class":83},[73,112694,337],{"class":93},[73,112696,33727],{"class":97},[73,112698,343],{"class":93},[73,112700,140],{"class":83},[73,112702,337],{"class":93},[73,112704,4590],{"class":97},[73,112706,343],{"class":93},[73,112708,9814],{"class":83},[20,112710,112711],{},"What this shows:",[33,112713,112714,112721,112724],{},[36,112715,112716,1647,112718,112720],{},[15,112717,65516],{},[15,112719,65943],{}," appear in both sets",[36,112722,112723],{},"they appear only once in the result",[36,112725,112726,112728],{},[15,112727,112635],{}," stays unchanged",[59,112730,657,112732,101403],{"id":112731},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112733,103044],{},[20,112735,112736],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[64,112738,112740],{"className":66,"code":112739,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112741,112742,112758,112774,112791,112808,112812,112839,112843],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,112743,112744,112746,112748,112750,112752,112754,112756],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,112745,110946],{"class":216},[73,112747,221],{"class":220},[73,112749,10997],{"class":83},[73,112751,2397],{"class":116},[73,112753,140],{"class":83},[73,112755,143],{"class":116},[73,112757,9814],{"class":83},[73,112759,112760,112762,112764,112766,112768,112770,112772],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,112761,110967],{"class":216},[73,112763,221],{"class":220},[73,112765,10997],{"class":83},[73,112767,530],{"class":116},[73,112769,140],{"class":83},[73,112771,2982],{"class":116},[73,112773,9814],{"class":83},[73,112775,112776,112779,112781,112783,112785,112787,112789],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,112777,112778],{"class":216},"set3 ",[73,112780,221],{"class":220},[73,112782,10997],{"class":83},[73,112784,1304],{"class":116},[73,112786,140],{"class":83},[73,112788,2988],{"class":116},[73,112790,9814],{"class":83},[73,112792,112793,112796,112798,112800,112802,112804,112806],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,112794,112795],{"class":216},"set4 ",[73,112797,221],{"class":220},[73,112799,10997],{"class":83},[73,112801,3036],{"class":116},[73,112803,140],{"class":83},[73,112805,5118],{"class":116},[73,112807,9814],{"class":83},[73,112809,112810],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,112811,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,112813,112814,112816,112818,112820,112822,112824,112826,112828,112830,112832,112834,112837],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,112815,2766],{"class":216},[73,112817,221],{"class":220},[73,112819,110996],{"class":216},[73,112821,653],{"class":83},[73,112823,111514],{"class":245},[73,112825,84],{"class":83},[73,112827,100839],{"class":245},[73,112829,140],{"class":83},[73,112831,100866],{"class":245},[73,112833,140],{"class":83},[73,112835,112836],{"class":245}," set4",[73,112838,249],{"class":83},[73,112840,112841],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,112842,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,112844,112845,112847,112849,112851],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,112846,80],{"class":79},[73,112848,84],{"class":83},[73,112850,2800],{"class":245},[73,112852,249],{"class":83},[20,112854,30536],{},[64,112856,112858],{"className":66,"code":112857,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112859,112860],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,112861,112862,112864,112866,112868,112870,112872,112874,112876,112878,112880,112882],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,112863,999],{"class":83},[73,112865,2397],{"class":116},[73,112867,140],{"class":83},[73,112869,143],{"class":116},[73,112871,140],{"class":83},[73,112873,2982],{"class":116},[73,112875,140],{"class":83},[73,112877,2988],{"class":116},[73,112879,140],{"class":83},[73,112881,5118],{"class":116},[73,112883,9814],{"class":83},[20,112885,112886],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[59,112888,657,112890,112892],{"id":112889},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112891,103044],{}," with other iterables",[20,112894,112895,112897],{},[15,112896,103044],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[403,112899,112901],{"id":112900},"with-a-list","With a list",[64,112903,112905],{"className":66,"code":112904,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112906,112907,112927,112951,112955,112973],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,112908,112909,112911,112913,112915,112917,112919,112921,112923,112925],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,112910,4134],{"class":216},[73,112912,221],{"class":220},[73,112914,10997],{"class":83},[73,112916,2397],{"class":116},[73,112918,140],{"class":83},[73,112920,143],{"class":116},[73,112922,140],{"class":83},[73,112924,2982],{"class":116},[73,112926,9814],{"class":83},[73,112928,112929,112931,112933,112935,112937,112939,112941,112943,112945,112947,112949],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,112930,61288],{"class":216},[73,112932,221],{"class":220},[73,112934,891],{"class":83},[73,112936,1304],{"class":116},[73,112938,140],{"class":83},[73,112940,2988],{"class":116},[73,112942,140],{"class":83},[73,112944,5118],{"class":116},[73,112946,140],{"class":83},[73,112948,5118],{"class":116},[73,112950,924],{"class":83},[73,112952,112953],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,112954,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,112956,112957,112959,112961,112963,112965,112967,112969,112971],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,112958,2766],{"class":216},[73,112960,221],{"class":220},[73,112962,4775],{"class":216},[73,112964,653],{"class":83},[73,112966,111514],{"class":245},[73,112968,84],{"class":83},[73,112970,61317],{"class":245},[73,112972,249],{"class":83},[73,112974,112975,112977,112979,112981],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,112976,80],{"class":79},[73,112978,84],{"class":83},[73,112980,2800],{"class":245},[73,112982,249],{"class":83},[20,112984,30536],{},[64,112986,112987],{"className":66,"code":112857,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,112988,112989],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,112990,112991,112993,112995,112997,112999,113001,113003,113005,113007,113009,113011],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,112992,999],{"class":83},[73,112994,2397],{"class":116},[73,112996,140],{"class":83},[73,112998,143],{"class":116},[73,113000,140],{"class":83},[73,113002,2982],{"class":116},[73,113004,140],{"class":83},[73,113006,2988],{"class":116},[73,113008,140],{"class":83},[73,113010,5118],{"class":116},[73,113012,9814],{"class":83},[20,113014,21490,113015,113017],{},[15,113016,688],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[403,113019,113021],{"id":113020},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[64,113023,113025],{"className":66,"code":113024,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,113026,113027,113051,113084,113088,113107],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,113028,113029,113031,113033,113035,113037,113039,113041,113043,113045,113047,113049],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,113030,36597],{"class":216},[73,113032,221],{"class":220},[73,113034,10997],{"class":83},[73,113036,94],{"class":93},[73,113038,646],{"class":97},[73,113040,94],{"class":93},[73,113042,140],{"class":83},[73,113044,224],{"class":93},[73,113046,5274],{"class":97},[73,113048,94],{"class":93},[73,113050,9814],{"class":83},[73,113052,113053,113056,113058,113060,113062,113064,113066,113068,113070,113072,113074,113076,113078,113080,113082],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,113054,113055],{"class":216},"more_letters ",[73,113057,221],{"class":220},[73,113059,9742],{"class":83},[73,113061,94],{"class":93},[73,113063,5274],{"class":97},[73,113065,94],{"class":93},[73,113067,140],{"class":83},[73,113069,224],{"class":93},[73,113071,10245],{"class":97},[73,113073,94],{"class":93},[73,113075,140],{"class":83},[73,113077,224],{"class":93},[73,113079,19280],{"class":97},[73,113081,94],{"class":93},[73,113083,249],{"class":83},[73,113085,113086],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,113087,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,113089,113090,113092,113094,113096,113098,113100,113102,113105],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,113091,2766],{"class":216},[73,113093,221],{"class":220},[73,113095,70338],{"class":216},[73,113097,653],{"class":83},[73,113099,111514],{"class":245},[73,113101,84],{"class":83},[73,113103,113104],{"class":245},"more_letters",[73,113106,249],{"class":83},[73,113108,113109,113111,113113,113115],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,113110,80],{"class":79},[73,113112,84],{"class":83},[73,113114,2800],{"class":245},[73,113116,249],{"class":83},[20,113118,30536],{},[64,113120,113122],{"className":66,"code":113121,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,113123,113124],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,113125,113126,113128,113130,113132,113134,113136,113138,113140,113142,113144,113146,113148,113150,113152,113154,113156,113158],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,113127,999],{"class":83},[73,113129,343],{"class":93},[73,113131,646],{"class":97},[73,113133,343],{"class":93},[73,113135,140],{"class":83},[73,113137,337],{"class":93},[73,113139,5274],{"class":97},[73,113141,343],{"class":93},[73,113143,140],{"class":83},[73,113145,337],{"class":93},[73,113147,10245],{"class":97},[73,113149,343],{"class":93},[73,113151,140],{"class":83},[73,113153,337],{"class":93},[73,113155,19280],{"class":97},[73,113157,343],{"class":93},[73,113159,9814],{"class":83},[403,113161,113163],{"id":113162},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,113165,113166],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[64,113168,113170],{"className":66,"code":113169,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,113171,113172,113197,113220,113224],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,113173,113174,113177,113179,113181,113183,113185,113187,113189,113191,113193,113195],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,113175,113176],{"class":216},"chars ",[73,113178,221],{"class":220},[73,113180,10997],{"class":83},[73,113182,94],{"class":93},[73,113184,646],{"class":97},[73,113186,94],{"class":93},[73,113188,140],{"class":83},[73,113190,224],{"class":93},[73,113192,5274],{"class":97},[73,113194,94],{"class":93},[73,113196,9814],{"class":83},[73,113198,113199,113201,113203,113206,113208,113210,113212,113214,113216,113218],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,113200,2766],{"class":216},[73,113202,221],{"class":220},[73,113204,113205],{"class":216}," chars",[73,113207,653],{"class":83},[73,113209,111514],{"class":245},[73,113211,84],{"class":83},[73,113213,94],{"class":93},[73,113215,37554],{"class":97},[73,113217,94],{"class":93},[73,113219,249],{"class":83},[73,113221,113222],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,113223,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,113225,113226,113228,113230,113232],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,113227,80],{"class":79},[73,113229,84],{"class":83},[73,113231,2800],{"class":245},[73,113233,249],{"class":83},[20,113235,30536],{},[64,113237,113239],{"className":66,"code":113238,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,113240,113241],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,113242,113243,113245,113247,113249,113251,113253,113255,113257,113259,113261,113263,113265,113267,113269,113271,113273,113275],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,113244,999],{"class":83},[73,113246,343],{"class":93},[73,113248,646],{"class":97},[73,113250,343],{"class":93},[73,113252,140],{"class":83},[73,113254,337],{"class":93},[73,113256,5274],{"class":97},[73,113258,343],{"class":93},[73,113260,140],{"class":83},[73,113262,337],{"class":93},[73,113264,10245],{"class":97},[73,113266,343],{"class":93},[73,113268,140],{"class":83},[73,113270,337],{"class":93},[73,113272,63528],{"class":97},[73,113274,343],{"class":93},[73,113276,9814],{"class":83},[20,113278,22700,113279,113282],{},[15,113280,113281],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[33,113284,113285,113289,113293],{},[36,113286,113287],{},[15,113288,66723],{},[36,113290,113291],{},[15,113292,18608],{},[36,113294,113295],{},[15,113296,113297],{},"\"t\"",[59,113299,113301,11092,113303],{"id":113300},"union-vs-update",[15,113302,103044],{},[15,113304,15463],{},[20,113306,113307,1647,113309,113311],{},[15,113308,103044],{},[15,113310,15463],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[403,113313,113314],{"id":111514},[15,113315,103044],{},[33,113317,113318,113320],{},[36,113319,110876],{},[36,113321,110885],{},[64,113323,113324],{"className":66,"code":112409,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,113325,113326,113342,113358,113362,113380,113384,113396],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,113327,113328,113330,113332,113334,113336,113338,113340],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,113329,3086],{"class":216},[73,113331,221],{"class":220},[73,113333,10997],{"class":83},[73,113335,2397],{"class":116},[73,113337,140],{"class":83},[73,113339,143],{"class":116},[73,113341,9814],{"class":83},[73,113343,113344,113346,113348,113350,113352,113354,113356],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,113345,3114],{"class":216},[73,113347,221],{"class":220},[73,113349,10997],{"class":83},[73,113351,530],{"class":116},[73,113353,140],{"class":83},[73,113355,2982],{"class":116},[73,113357,9814],{"class":83},[73,113359,113360],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,113361,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,113363,113364,113366,113368,113370,113372,113374,113376,113378],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,113365,2766],{"class":216},[73,113367,221],{"class":220},[73,113369,57127],{"class":216},[73,113371,653],{"class":83},[73,113373,111514],{"class":245},[73,113375,84],{"class":83},[73,113377,5274],{"class":245},[73,113379,249],{"class":83},[73,113381,113382],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,113383,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,113385,113386,113388,113390,113392,113394],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,113387,80],{"class":79},[73,113389,84],{"class":83},[73,113391,2800],{"class":245},[73,113393,4177],{"class":83},[73,113395,112482],{"class":769},[73,113397,113398,113400,113402,113404,113406],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,113399,80],{"class":79},[73,113401,84],{"class":83},[73,113403,646],{"class":245},[73,113405,4177],{"class":83},[73,113407,112495],{"class":769},[403,113409,113410],{"id":30970},[15,113411,15463],{},[33,113413,113414,113417],{},[36,113415,113416],{},"changes the existing set in place",[36,113418,113419],{},"does not create a separate result set",[64,113421,113423],{"className":66,"code":113422,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113424,113425,113441,113457,113461,113475,113479],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,113426,113427,113429,113431,113433,113435,113437,113439],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,113428,3086],{"class":216},[73,113430,221],{"class":220},[73,113432,10997],{"class":83},[73,113434,2397],{"class":116},[73,113436,140],{"class":83},[73,113438,143],{"class":116},[73,113440,9814],{"class":83},[73,113442,113443,113445,113447,113449,113451,113453,113455],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,113444,3114],{"class":216},[73,113446,221],{"class":220},[73,113448,10997],{"class":83},[73,113450,530],{"class":116},[73,113452,140],{"class":83},[73,113454,2982],{"class":116},[73,113456,9814],{"class":83},[73,113458,113459],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,113460,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,113462,113463,113465,113467,113469,113471,113473],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,113464,646],{"class":216},[73,113466,653],{"class":83},[73,113468,30970],{"class":245},[73,113470,84],{"class":83},[73,113472,5274],{"class":245},[73,113474,249],{"class":83},[73,113476,113477],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,113478,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,113480,113481,113483,113485,113487,113489],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,113482,80],{"class":79},[73,113484,84],{"class":83},[73,113486,646],{"class":245},[73,113488,4177],{"class":83},[73,113490,112482],{"class":769},[20,113492,171,113493,113495],{},[15,113494,103044],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113497,113498,113499,653],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[646,113500,13,113501,11248],{"href":98764},[15,113502,97559],{},[59,113504,5031],{"id":5030},[403,113506,2300,113508,113510],{"id":113507},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113509,103044],{}," to change the original set",[20,113512,82069],{},[64,113514,113516],{"className":66,"code":113515,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113517,113518,113534,113550,113554,113568],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,113519,113520,113522,113524,113526,113528,113530,113532],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,113521,3086],{"class":216},[73,113523,221],{"class":220},[73,113525,10997],{"class":83},[73,113527,2397],{"class":116},[73,113529,140],{"class":83},[73,113531,143],{"class":116},[73,113533,9814],{"class":83},[73,113535,113536,113538,113540,113542,113544,113546,113548],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,113537,3114],{"class":216},[73,113539,221],{"class":220},[73,113541,10997],{"class":83},[73,113543,530],{"class":116},[73,113545,140],{"class":83},[73,113547,2982],{"class":116},[73,113549,9814],{"class":83},[73,113551,113552],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,113553,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,113555,113556,113558,113560,113562,113564,113566],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,113557,646],{"class":216},[73,113559,653],{"class":83},[73,113561,111514],{"class":245},[73,113563,84],{"class":83},[73,113565,5274],{"class":245},[73,113567,249],{"class":83},[73,113569,113570,113572,113574,113576],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,113571,80],{"class":79},[73,113573,84],{"class":83},[73,113575,646],{"class":245},[73,113577,249],{"class":83},[20,113579,148],{},[64,113581,113582],{"className":66,"code":100752,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,113583,113584],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,113585,113586,113588,113590,113592,113594],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,113587,999],{"class":83},[73,113589,2397],{"class":116},[73,113591,140],{"class":83},[73,113593,143],{"class":116},[73,113595,9814],{"class":83},[20,113597,9004,113598,113600],{},[15,113599,103044],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113602,113603],{},"Fix it like this:",[64,113605,113607],{"className":66,"code":113606,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113608,113609,113625,113641,113645,113663],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,113610,113611,113613,113615,113617,113619,113621,113623],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,113612,3086],{"class":216},[73,113614,221],{"class":220},[73,113616,10997],{"class":83},[73,113618,2397],{"class":116},[73,113620,140],{"class":83},[73,113622,143],{"class":116},[73,113624,9814],{"class":83},[73,113626,113627,113629,113631,113633,113635,113637,113639],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,113628,3114],{"class":216},[73,113630,221],{"class":220},[73,113632,10997],{"class":83},[73,113634,530],{"class":116},[73,113636,140],{"class":83},[73,113638,2982],{"class":116},[73,113640,9814],{"class":83},[73,113642,113643],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,113644,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,113646,113647,113649,113651,113653,113655,113657,113659,113661],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,113648,3086],{"class":216},[73,113650,221],{"class":220},[73,113652,57127],{"class":216},[73,113654,653],{"class":83},[73,113656,111514],{"class":245},[73,113658,84],{"class":83},[73,113660,5274],{"class":245},[73,113662,249],{"class":83},[73,113664,113665,113667,113669,113671],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,113666,80],{"class":79},[73,113668,84],{"class":83},[73,113670,646],{"class":245},[73,113672,249],{"class":83},[403,113674,113676],{"id":113675},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113678,113679],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[64,113681,113683],{"className":66,"code":113682,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113684,113685,113701,113717,113721],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,113686,113687,113689,113691,113693,113695,113697,113699],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,113688,3086],{"class":216},[73,113690,221],{"class":220},[73,113692,10997],{"class":83},[73,113694,1304],{"class":116},[73,113696,140],{"class":83},[73,113698,2085],{"class":116},[73,113700,9814],{"class":83},[73,113702,113703,113705,113707,113709,113711,113713,113715],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,113704,3114],{"class":216},[73,113706,221],{"class":220},[73,113708,10997],{"class":83},[73,113710,530],{"class":116},[73,113712,140],{"class":83},[73,113714,2988],{"class":116},[73,113716,9814],{"class":83},[73,113718,113719],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,113720,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,113722,113723,113725,113727,113729,113731,113733,113735,113737],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,113724,80],{"class":79},[73,113726,84],{"class":83},[73,113728,646],{"class":245},[73,113730,653],{"class":83},[73,113732,111514],{"class":245},[73,113734,84],{"class":83},[73,113736,5274],{"class":245},[73,113738,102],{"class":83},[20,113740,113741],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[403,113743,113745],{"id":113744},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[64,113747,113749],{"className":66,"code":113748,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113750,113751,113767,113789],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,113752,113753,113755,113757,113759,113761,113763,113765],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,113754,4581],{"class":216},[73,113756,221],{"class":220},[73,113758,10997],{"class":83},[73,113760,94],{"class":93},[73,113762,58367],{"class":97},[73,113764,94],{"class":93},[73,113766,9814],{"class":83},[73,113768,113769,113771,113773,113775,113777,113779,113781,113783,113785,113787],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,113770,2766],{"class":216},[73,113772,221],{"class":220},[73,113774,6679],{"class":216},[73,113776,653],{"class":83},[73,113778,111514],{"class":245},[73,113780,84],{"class":83},[73,113782,94],{"class":93},[73,113784,37554],{"class":97},[73,113786,94],{"class":93},[73,113788,249],{"class":83},[73,113790,113791,113793,113795,113797],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,113792,80],{"class":79},[73,113794,84],{"class":83},[73,113796,2800],{"class":245},[73,113798,249],{"class":83},[20,113800,113801,113802,2728,113804,17583,113806,113808,113809,113811],{},"This adds ",[15,113803,66723],{},[15,113805,18608],{},[15,113807,113297],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113810,113281],{}," as one item.",[20,113813,113814],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[64,113816,113818],{"className":66,"code":113817,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113819,113820,113836,113858],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,113821,113822,113824,113826,113828,113830,113832,113834],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,113823,4581],{"class":216},[73,113825,221],{"class":220},[73,113827,10997],{"class":83},[73,113829,94],{"class":93},[73,113831,58367],{"class":97},[73,113833,94],{"class":93},[73,113835,9814],{"class":83},[73,113837,113838,113840,113842,113844,113846,113848,113850,113852,113854,113856],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,113839,2766],{"class":216},[73,113841,221],{"class":220},[73,113843,6679],{"class":216},[73,113845,653],{"class":83},[73,113847,111514],{"class":245},[73,113849,3510],{"class":83},[73,113851,94],{"class":93},[73,113853,37554],{"class":97},[73,113855,94],{"class":93},[73,113857,4398],{"class":83},[73,113859,113860,113862,113864,113866],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,113861,80],{"class":79},[73,113863,84],{"class":83},[73,113865,2800],{"class":245},[73,113867,249],{"class":83},[403,113869,113871],{"id":113870},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113873,3367],{},[64,113875,113877],{"className":66,"code":113876,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113878,113879],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,113880,113881,113883,113885,113887,113889,113891,113893,113895,113897,113899,113901,113903],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,113882,16138],{"class":216},[73,113884,221],{"class":220},[73,113886,10997],{"class":83},[73,113888,2397],{"class":116},[73,113890,140],{"class":83},[73,113892,143],{"class":116},[73,113894,140],{"class":83},[73,113896,891],{"class":83},[73,113898,1304],{"class":116},[73,113900,140],{"class":83},[73,113902,2988],{"class":116},[73,113904,14217],{"class":83},[20,113906,113907],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113909,113910,113911,1063],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113912,103044],{},[64,113914,113916],{"className":66,"code":113915,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113917,113918,113934,113956],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,113919,113920,113922,113924,113926,113928,113930,113932],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,113921,16138],{"class":216},[73,113923,221],{"class":220},[73,113925,10997],{"class":83},[73,113927,2397],{"class":116},[73,113929,140],{"class":83},[73,113931,143],{"class":116},[73,113933,9814],{"class":83},[73,113935,113936,113938,113940,113942,113944,113946,113948,113950,113952,113954],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,113937,2766],{"class":216},[73,113939,221],{"class":220},[73,113941,97169],{"class":216},[73,113943,653],{"class":83},[73,113945,111514],{"class":245},[73,113947,3510],{"class":83},[73,113949,1304],{"class":116},[73,113951,140],{"class":83},[73,113953,2988],{"class":116},[73,113955,4398],{"class":83},[73,113957,113958,113960,113962,113964],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,113959,80],{"class":79},[73,113961,84],{"class":83},[73,113963,2800],{"class":245},[73,113965,249],{"class":83},[59,113967,113969],{"id":113968},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113971,113972],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[33,113974,113975,113981,113988,113991],{},[36,113976,113977,113978,113980],{},"call ",[15,113979,103044],{}," without saving the returned set",[36,113982,113983,113984,9213,113986],{},"confuse ",[15,113985,103044],{},[15,113987,15463],{},[36,113989,113990],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[36,113992,113993],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113995,113996,113997,1647,114001,653],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[646,113998,13,113999,11248],{"href":103033},[15,114000,106818],{},[646,114002,13,114004,11248],{"href":114003},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,114005,100664],{},[20,114007,62536],{},[64,114009,114011],{"className":66,"code":114010,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,114012,114013,114023,114037,114047],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,114014,114015,114017,114019,114021],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,114016,80],{"class":79},[73,114018,84],{"class":83},[73,114020,16176],{"class":245},[73,114022,249],{"class":83},[73,114024,114025,114027,114029,114031,114033,114035],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,114026,80],{"class":79},[73,114028,84],{"class":83},[73,114030,288],{"class":87},[73,114032,84],{"class":83},[73,114034,16176],{"class":245},[73,114036,102],{"class":83},[73,114038,114039,114041,114043,114045],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,114040,80],{"class":79},[73,114042,84],{"class":83},[73,114044,2800],{"class":245},[73,114046,249],{"class":83},[73,114048,114049,114051,114053,114055,114057,114059],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,114050,32659],{"class":79},[73,114052,84],{"class":83},[73,114054,6798],{"class":87},[73,114056,653],{"class":83},[73,114058,111514],{"class":25260},[73,114060,249],{"class":83},[59,114062,2350],{"id":2349},[403,114064,2354,114066,102984],{"id":114065},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,114067,108288],{},[20,114069,102987],{},[403,114071,5681,114073,114075],{"id":114072},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,114074,103044],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,114077,114078],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[403,114080,28838,114082,114084],{"id":114081},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,114083,103044],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,114086,42648,114087,114089],{},[15,114088,103044],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[403,114091,114093],{"id":114092},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,114095,114096],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[403,114098,5691,114100,1647,114102,3023],{"id":114099},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,114101,103044],{},[15,114103,114104],{},"|",[20,114106,114107,114108,114110,114111,114113],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,114109,114104],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,114112,103044],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[59,114115,2413],{"id":2412},[33,114117,114118,114122,114128,114134,114140],{},[36,114119,114120],{},[646,114121,96573],{"href":97744},[36,114123,114124],{},[646,114125,13,114126,11248],{"href":98764},[15,114127,97559],{},[36,114129,114130],{},[646,114131,13,114132,11248],{"href":103033},[15,114133,106818],{},[36,114135,114136],{},[646,114137,13,114138,11248],{"href":114003},[15,114139,100664],{},[36,114141,114142],{},[646,114143,100589],{"href":99322},[2459,114145,114146],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":114148},[114149,114150,114152,114153,114154,114155,114157,114163,114168,114175,114176,114187],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":112244,"depth":105,"text":114151},"What set.union() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":22480,"depth":105,"text":22481},{"id":11984,"depth":105,"text":11985},{"id":112731,"depth":105,"text":114156},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112889,"depth":105,"text":114158,"children":114159},"Using union() with other iterables",[114160,114161,114162],{"id":112900,"depth":122,"text":112901},{"id":113020,"depth":122,"text":113021},{"id":113162,"depth":122,"text":113163},{"id":113300,"depth":105,"text":114164,"children":114165},"union() vs update()",[114166,114167],{"id":111514,"depth":122,"text":103044},{"id":30970,"depth":122,"text":15463},{"id":5030,"depth":105,"text":5031,"children":114169},[114170,114172,114173,114174],{"id":113507,"depth":122,"text":114171},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113675,"depth":122,"text":113676},{"id":113744,"depth":122,"text":113745},{"id":113870,"depth":122,"text":113871},{"id":113968,"depth":105,"text":113969},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":114177},[114178,114180,114182,114184,114185],{"id":114065,"depth":122,"text":114179},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":114072,"depth":122,"text":114181},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":114081,"depth":122,"text":114183},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":114092,"depth":122,"text":114093},{"id":114099,"depth":122,"text":114186},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":112124,"description":114188},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":114194,"title":114195,"body":114196,"description":116085,"extension":2511,"meta":116086,"navigation":254,"path":97058,"seo":116087,"stem":116088,"__hash__":116089},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":114197,"toc":116051},[114198,114203,114208,114216,114218,114276,114281,114286,114290,114302,114305,114379,114384,114386,114388,114407,114409,114426,114429,114456,114458,114528,114532,114534,114540,114542,114603,114608,114610,114667,114671,114676,114741,114743,114763,114770,114774,114779,114864,114867,114874,114977,114981,114986,115044,115047,115058,115072,115079,115137,115144,115147,115157,115161,115219,115223,115289,115292,115350,115357,115364,115367,115371,115380,115449,115453,115459,115547,115557,115561,115565,115569,115572,115633,115638,115695,115699,115701,115736,115743,115745,115799,115806,115810,115813,115878,115887,115893,115950,115952,115957,115961,115965,115968,115975,115983,115987,115992,115996,116002,116004,116039,116048],[10,114199,96445,114201,11831],{"id":114200},"python-set-update-method",[15,114202,15463],{},[20,114204,114205,114207],{},[15,114206,97559],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,114209,114210,114211,114215],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[646,114212,114213],{"href":98745},[15,114214,96453],{},", which adds only one item.",[59,114217,4124],{"id":4123},[64,114219,114221],{"className":66,"code":114220,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114222,114223,114239,114261,114271],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,114224,114225,114227,114229,114231,114233,114235,114237],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,114226,4134],{"class":216},[73,114228,221],{"class":220},[73,114230,10997],{"class":83},[73,114232,2397],{"class":116},[73,114234,140],{"class":83},[73,114236,143],{"class":116},[73,114238,9814],{"class":83},[73,114240,114241,114243,114245,114247,114249,114251,114253,114255,114257,114259],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,114242,4164],{"class":216},[73,114244,653],{"class":83},[73,114246,30970],{"class":245},[73,114248,3510],{"class":83},[73,114250,530],{"class":116},[73,114252,140],{"class":83},[73,114254,2982],{"class":116},[73,114256,140],{"class":83},[73,114258,2988],{"class":116},[73,114260,4398],{"class":83},[73,114262,114263,114265,114267,114269],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,114264,80],{"class":79},[73,114266,84],{"class":83},[73,114268,4164],{"class":245},[73,114270,249],{"class":83},[73,114272,114273],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,114274,114275],{"class":769},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,114277,171,114278,114280],{},[15,114279,15463],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[59,114282,178,114284,181],{"id":114283},"what-setupdate-does",[15,114285,97559],{},[20,114287,114288,1063],{},[15,114289,97559],{},[33,114291,114292,114295,114297,114300],{},[36,114293,114294],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[36,114296,96560],{},[36,114298,114299],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[36,114301,96563],{},[20,114303,114304],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[64,114306,114308],{"className":66,"code":114307,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,114309,114310,114334,114360,114364,114374],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,114311,114312,114314,114316,114318,114320,114322,114324,114326,114328,114330,114332],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,114313,13586],{"class":216},[73,114315,221],{"class":220},[73,114317,10997],{"class":83},[73,114319,94],{"class":93},[73,114321,13603],{"class":97},[73,114323,94],{"class":93},[73,114325,140],{"class":83},[73,114327,224],{"class":93},[73,114329,13620],{"class":97},[73,114331,94],{"class":93},[73,114333,9814],{"class":83},[73,114335,114336,114338,114340,114342,114344,114346,114348,114350,114352,114354,114356,114358],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,114337,18014],{"class":216},[73,114339,653],{"class":83},[73,114341,30970],{"class":245},[73,114343,3510],{"class":83},[73,114345,94],{"class":93},[73,114347,13620],{"class":97},[73,114349,94],{"class":93},[73,114351,140],{"class":83},[73,114353,224],{"class":93},[73,114355,17967],{"class":97},[73,114357,94],{"class":93},[73,114359,4398],{"class":83},[73,114361,114362],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,114363,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,114365,114366,114368,114370,114372],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,114367,80],{"class":79},[73,114369,84],{"class":83},[73,114371,18014],{"class":245},[73,114373,249],{"class":83},[73,114375,114376],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,114377,114378],{"class":769},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,114380,21490,114381,114383],{},[15,114382,111279],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[59,114385,370],{"id":369},[20,114387,7728],{},[64,114389,114391],{"className":66,"code":114390,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,114392,114393],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,114394,114395,114397,114399,114401,114403,114405],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,114396,16176],{"class":216},[73,114398,653],{"class":83},[73,114400,30970],{"class":245},[73,114402,84],{"class":83},[73,114404,4235],{"class":245},[73,114406,249],{"class":83},[20,114408,80445],{},[33,114410,114411,114414,114417,114420,114423],{},[36,114412,114413],{},"A list",[36,114415,114416],{},"A tuple",[36,114418,114419],{},"Another set",[36,114421,114422],{},"A string",[36,114424,114425],{},"Any other iterable",[20,114427,114428],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[64,114430,114432],{"className":66,"code":114431,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,114433,114434],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,114435,114436,114438,114440,114442,114444,114446,114448,114450,114452,114454],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,114437,16176],{"class":216},[73,114439,653],{"class":83},[73,114441,30970],{"class":245},[73,114443,84],{"class":83},[73,114445,646],{"class":245},[73,114447,140],{"class":83},[73,114449,3091],{"class":245},[73,114451,140],{"class":83},[73,114453,10187],{"class":245},[73,114455,249],{"class":83},[20,114457,206],{},[64,114459,114461],{"className":66,"code":114460,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114462,114463,114475,114509,114513,114523],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,114464,114465,114467,114469,114471,114473],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,114466,886],{"class":216},[73,114468,221],{"class":220},[73,114470,10997],{"class":83},[73,114472,2397],{"class":116},[73,114474,9814],{"class":83},[73,114476,114477,114479,114481,114483,114485,114487,114489,114491,114493,114495,114497,114499,114501,114503,114505,114507],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,114478,5871],{"class":216},[73,114480,653],{"class":83},[73,114482,30970],{"class":245},[73,114484,3510],{"class":83},[73,114486,530],{"class":116},[73,114488,140],{"class":83},[73,114490,2982],{"class":116},[73,114492,18574],{"class":83},[73,114494,9742],{"class":83},[73,114496,3036],{"class":116},[73,114498,140],{"class":83},[73,114500,5118],{"class":116},[73,114502,9739],{"class":83},[73,114504,10997],{"class":83},[73,114506,80836],{"class":116},[73,114508,31002],{"class":83},[73,114510,114511],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,114512,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,114514,114515,114517,114519,114521],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,114516,80],{"class":79},[73,114518,84],{"class":83},[73,114520,5871],{"class":245},[73,114522,249],{"class":83},[73,114524,114525],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,114526,114527],{"class":769},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114529,96569,114530,653],{},[646,114531,96577],{"href":98128},[59,114533,22481],{"id":22480},[20,114535,114536,2928,114538,653],{},[15,114537,97559],{},[15,114539,1842],{},[20,114541,12225],{},[64,114543,114545],{"className":66,"code":114544,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114546,114547,114563,114585,114589,114599],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,114548,114549,114551,114553,114555,114557,114559,114561],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,114550,4134],{"class":216},[73,114552,221],{"class":220},[73,114554,10997],{"class":83},[73,114556,2397],{"class":116},[73,114558,140],{"class":83},[73,114560,143],{"class":116},[73,114562,9814],{"class":83},[73,114564,114565,114567,114569,114571,114573,114575,114577,114579,114581,114583],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,114566,2766],{"class":216},[73,114568,221],{"class":220},[73,114570,4775],{"class":216},[73,114572,653],{"class":83},[73,114574,30970],{"class":245},[73,114576,3510],{"class":83},[73,114578,1304],{"class":116},[73,114580,140],{"class":83},[73,114582,2988],{"class":116},[73,114584,4398],{"class":83},[73,114586,114587],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,114588,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,114590,114591,114593,114595,114597],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,114592,80],{"class":79},[73,114594,84],{"class":83},[73,114596,2800],{"class":245},[73,114598,249],{"class":83},[73,114600,114601],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,114602,62072],{"class":769},[20,114604,114605,114606,653],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114607,2800],{},[20,114609,19480],{},[64,114611,114613],{"className":66,"code":114612,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114614,114615,114631,114649,114653,114663],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,114616,114617,114619,114621,114623,114625,114627,114629],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,114618,4134],{"class":216},[73,114620,221],{"class":220},[73,114622,10997],{"class":83},[73,114624,2397],{"class":116},[73,114626,140],{"class":83},[73,114628,143],{"class":116},[73,114630,9814],{"class":83},[73,114632,114633,114635,114637,114639,114641,114643,114645,114647],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,114634,4164],{"class":216},[73,114636,653],{"class":83},[73,114638,30970],{"class":245},[73,114640,3510],{"class":83},[73,114642,1304],{"class":116},[73,114644,140],{"class":83},[73,114646,2988],{"class":116},[73,114648,4398],{"class":83},[73,114650,114651],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,114652,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,114654,114655,114657,114659,114661],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,114656,80],{"class":79},[73,114658,84],{"class":83},[73,114660,4164],{"class":245},[73,114662,249],{"class":83},[73,114664,114665],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,114666,114275],{"class":769},[59,114668,114670],{"id":114669},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114672,114673,114674,653],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114675,15463],{},[64,114677,114679],{"className":66,"code":114678,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114680,114681,114697,114723,114727,114737],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,114682,114683,114685,114687,114689,114691,114693,114695],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,114684,4134],{"class":216},[73,114686,221],{"class":220},[73,114688,10997],{"class":83},[73,114690,2397],{"class":116},[73,114692,140],{"class":83},[73,114694,143],{"class":116},[73,114696,9814],{"class":83},[73,114698,114699,114701,114703,114705,114707,114709,114711,114713,114715,114717,114719,114721],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,114700,4164],{"class":216},[73,114702,653],{"class":83},[73,114704,30970],{"class":245},[73,114706,3510],{"class":83},[73,114708,530],{"class":116},[73,114710,140],{"class":83},[73,114712,2982],{"class":116},[73,114714,140],{"class":83},[73,114716,2988],{"class":116},[73,114718,140],{"class":83},[73,114720,2988],{"class":116},[73,114722,4398],{"class":83},[73,114724,114725],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,114726,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,114728,114729,114731,114733,114735],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,114730,80],{"class":79},[73,114732,84],{"class":83},[73,114734,4164],{"class":245},[73,114736,249],{"class":83},[73,114738,114739],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,114740,114275],{"class":769},[20,114742,12194],{},[33,114744,114745,114750,114757],{},[36,114746,114747,114749],{},[15,114748,530],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[36,114751,114752,1647,114754,114756],{},[15,114753,1304],{},[15,114755,3036],{}," are added",[36,114758,114759,114760,114762],{},"The second ",[15,114761,3036],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114764,114765,114766,114769],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[646,114767,114768],{"href":99322},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[59,114771,114773],{"id":114772},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114775,8272,114776,114778],{},[15,114777,15463],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[64,114780,114782],{"className":66,"code":114781,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114783,114784,114805,114826,114830,114846,114850,114860],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,114785,114786,114789,114791,114793,114795,114797,114799,114801,114803],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,114787,114788],{"class":216},"set_a ",[73,114790,221],{"class":220},[73,114792,10997],{"class":83},[73,114794,2397],{"class":116},[73,114796,140],{"class":83},[73,114798,143],{"class":116},[73,114800,140],{"class":83},[73,114802,2982],{"class":116},[73,114804,9814],{"class":83},[73,114806,114807,114810,114812,114814,114816,114818,114820,114822,114824],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,114808,114809],{"class":216},"set_b ",[73,114811,221],{"class":220},[73,114813,10997],{"class":83},[73,114815,1304],{"class":116},[73,114817,140],{"class":83},[73,114819,2988],{"class":116},[73,114821,140],{"class":83},[73,114823,5118],{"class":116},[73,114825,9814],{"class":83},[73,114827,114828],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,114829,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,114831,114832,114835,114837,114839,114841,114844],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,114833,114834],{"class":216},"set_a",[73,114836,653],{"class":83},[73,114838,30970],{"class":245},[73,114840,84],{"class":83},[73,114842,114843],{"class":245},"set_b",[73,114845,249],{"class":83},[73,114847,114848],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,114849,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,114851,114852,114854,114856,114858],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,114853,80],{"class":79},[73,114855,84],{"class":83},[73,114857,114834],{"class":245},[73,114859,249],{"class":83},[73,114861,114862],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,114863,112236],{"class":769},[20,114865,114866],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114868,114869,114870,653],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[646,114871,114872],{"href":103041},[15,114873,108288],{},[64,114875,114877],{"className":66,"code":114876,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114878,114879,114899,114919,114923,114943,114947,114958,114962,114972],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,114880,114881,114883,114885,114887,114889,114891,114893,114895,114897],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,114882,114788],{"class":216},[73,114884,221],{"class":220},[73,114886,10997],{"class":83},[73,114888,2397],{"class":116},[73,114890,140],{"class":83},[73,114892,143],{"class":116},[73,114894,140],{"class":83},[73,114896,2982],{"class":116},[73,114898,9814],{"class":83},[73,114900,114901,114903,114905,114907,114909,114911,114913,114915,114917],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,114902,114809],{"class":216},[73,114904,221],{"class":220},[73,114906,10997],{"class":83},[73,114908,1304],{"class":116},[73,114910,140],{"class":83},[73,114912,2988],{"class":116},[73,114914,140],{"class":83},[73,114916,5118],{"class":116},[73,114918,9814],{"class":83},[73,114920,114921],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,114922,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,114924,114925,114928,114930,114933,114935,114937,114939,114941],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,114926,114927],{"class":216},"combined ",[73,114929,221],{"class":220},[73,114931,114932],{"class":216}," set_a",[73,114934,653],{"class":83},[73,114936,111514],{"class":245},[73,114938,84],{"class":83},[73,114940,114843],{"class":245},[73,114942,249],{"class":83},[73,114944,114945],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,114946,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,114948,114949,114951,114953,114956],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,114950,80],{"class":79},[73,114952,84],{"class":83},[73,114954,114955],{"class":245},"combined",[73,114957,249],{"class":83},[73,114959,114960],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,114961,112236],{"class":769},[73,114963,114964,114966,114968,114970],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,114965,80],{"class":79},[73,114967,84],{"class":83},[73,114969,114834],{"class":245},[73,114971,249],{"class":83},[73,114973,114974],{"class":75,"line":6940},[73,114975,114976],{"class":769},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[59,114978,114980],{"id":114979},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114982,64981,114983,114985],{},[15,114984,15463],{}," adds each character separately.",[64,114987,114989],{"className":66,"code":114988,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114990,114991,115007,115025,115029,115039],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,114992,114993,114995,114997,114999,115001,115003,115005],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,114994,36597],{"class":216},[73,114996,221],{"class":220},[73,114998,10997],{"class":83},[73,115000,94],{"class":93},[73,115002,384],{"class":97},[73,115004,94],{"class":93},[73,115006,9814],{"class":83},[73,115008,115009,115011,115013,115015,115017,115019,115021,115023],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,115010,36650],{"class":216},[73,115012,653],{"class":83},[73,115014,30970],{"class":245},[73,115016,84],{"class":83},[73,115018,94],{"class":93},[73,115020,37554],{"class":97},[73,115022,94],{"class":93},[73,115024,249],{"class":83},[73,115026,115027],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,115028,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,115030,115031,115033,115035,115037],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,115032,80],{"class":79},[73,115034,84],{"class":83},[73,115036,36650],{"class":245},[73,115038,249],{"class":83},[73,115040,115041],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,115042,115043],{"class":769},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,115045,115046],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,115048,115049,1192,115052,115054,115055,115057],{},[15,115050,115051],{},"update(\"cat\")",[1194,115053,1196],{}," add ",[15,115056,113281],{}," as one item. It adds:",[33,115059,115060,115064,115068],{},[36,115061,115062],{},[15,115063,66723],{},[36,115065,115066],{},[15,115067,18608],{},[36,115069,115070],{},[15,115071,113297],{},[20,115073,115074,115075,1063],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[646,115076,115077],{"href":98745},[15,115078,96453],{},[64,115080,115082],{"className":66,"code":115081,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115083,115084,115100,115118,115122,115132],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,115085,115086,115088,115090,115092,115094,115096,115098],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,115087,4581],{"class":216},[73,115089,221],{"class":220},[73,115091,10997],{"class":83},[73,115093,94],{"class":93},[73,115095,58367],{"class":97},[73,115097,94],{"class":93},[73,115099,9814],{"class":83},[73,115101,115102,115104,115106,115108,115110,115112,115114,115116],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,115103,4625],{"class":216},[73,115105,653],{"class":83},[73,115107,82348],{"class":245},[73,115109,84],{"class":83},[73,115111,94],{"class":93},[73,115113,37554],{"class":97},[73,115115,94],{"class":93},[73,115117,249],{"class":83},[73,115119,115120],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,115121,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,115123,115124,115126,115128,115130],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,115125,80],{"class":79},[73,115127,84],{"class":83},[73,115129,4625],{"class":245},[73,115131,249],{"class":83},[73,115133,115134],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,115135,115136],{"class":769},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[59,115138,115140,11092,115142],{"id":115139},"update-vs-add",[15,115141,15463],{},[15,115143,96448],{},[20,115145,115146],{},"The difference is simple:",[33,115148,115149,115153],{},[36,115150,115151,97047],{},[15,115152,96448],{},[36,115154,115155,97052],{},[15,115156,15463],{},[20,115158,46529,115159,1063],{},[15,115160,96448],{},[64,115162,115164],{"className":66,"code":115163,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,115165,115166,115182,115200,115204,115214],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,115167,115168,115170,115172,115174,115176,115178,115180],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,115169,36746],{"class":216},[73,115171,221],{"class":220},[73,115173,10997],{"class":83},[73,115175,94],{"class":93},[73,115177,4590],{"class":97},[73,115179,94],{"class":93},[73,115181,9814],{"class":83},[73,115183,115184,115186,115188,115190,115192,115194,115196,115198],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,115185,36798],{"class":216},[73,115187,653],{"class":83},[73,115189,82348],{"class":245},[73,115191,84],{"class":83},[73,115193,94],{"class":93},[73,115195,4599],{"class":97},[73,115197,94],{"class":93},[73,115199,249],{"class":83},[73,115201,115202],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,115203,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,115205,115206,115208,115210,115212],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,115207,80],{"class":79},[73,115209,84],{"class":83},[73,115211,36798],{"class":245},[73,115213,249],{"class":83},[73,115215,115216],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,115217,115218],{"class":769},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,115220,46529,115221,1063],{},[15,115222,15463],{},[64,115224,115226],{"className":66,"code":115225,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,115227,115228,115244,115270,115274,115284],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,115229,115230,115232,115234,115236,115238,115240,115242],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,115231,36746],{"class":216},[73,115233,221],{"class":220},[73,115235,10997],{"class":83},[73,115237,94],{"class":93},[73,115239,4590],{"class":97},[73,115241,94],{"class":93},[73,115243,9814],{"class":83},[73,115245,115246,115248,115250,115252,115254,115256,115258,115260,115262,115264,115266,115268],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,115247,36798],{"class":216},[73,115249,653],{"class":83},[73,115251,30970],{"class":245},[73,115253,3510],{"class":83},[73,115255,94],{"class":93},[73,115257,4599],{"class":97},[73,115259,94],{"class":93},[73,115261,140],{"class":83},[73,115263,224],{"class":93},[73,115265,33727],{"class":97},[73,115267,94],{"class":93},[73,115269,4398],{"class":83},[73,115271,115272],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,115273,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,115275,115276,115278,115280,115282],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,115277,80],{"class":79},[73,115279,84],{"class":83},[73,115281,36798],{"class":245},[73,115283,249],{"class":83},[73,115285,115286],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,115287,115288],{"class":769},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,115290,115291],{},"Important warning with strings:",[64,115293,115295],{"className":66,"code":115294,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,115296,115297,115313,115331,115335,115345],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,115298,115299,115301,115303,115305,115307,115309,115311],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,115300,36746],{"class":216},[73,115302,221],{"class":220},[73,115304,10997],{"class":83},[73,115306,94],{"class":93},[73,115308,4590],{"class":97},[73,115310,94],{"class":93},[73,115312,9814],{"class":83},[73,115314,115315,115317,115319,115321,115323,115325,115327,115329],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,115316,36798],{"class":216},[73,115318,653],{"class":83},[73,115320,30970],{"class":245},[73,115322,84],{"class":83},[73,115324,94],{"class":93},[73,115326,38848],{"class":97},[73,115328,94],{"class":93},[73,115330,249],{"class":83},[73,115332,115333],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,115334,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,115336,115337,115339,115341,115343],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,115338,80],{"class":79},[73,115340,84],{"class":83},[73,115342,36798],{"class":245},[73,115344,249],{"class":83},[73,115346,115347],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,115348,115349],{"class":769},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,115351,62347,115352,62420,115355,7140],{},[15,115353,115354],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,115356,96448],{},[59,115358,115360,11092,115362],{"id":115359},"update-vs-union",[15,115361,15463],{},[15,115363,103044],{},[20,115365,115366],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[403,115368,115369],{"id":30970},[15,115370,15463],{},[33,115372,115373,115376],{},[36,115374,115375],{},"Changes the existing set",[36,115377,11933,115378],{},[15,115379,1842],{},[64,115381,115383],{"className":66,"code":115382,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115384,115385,115401,115417,115421,115435,115445],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,115386,115387,115389,115391,115393,115395,115397,115399],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,115388,3086],{"class":216},[73,115390,221],{"class":220},[73,115392,10997],{"class":83},[73,115394,2397],{"class":116},[73,115396,140],{"class":83},[73,115398,143],{"class":116},[73,115400,9814],{"class":83},[73,115402,115403,115405,115407,115409,115411,115413,115415],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,115404,3114],{"class":216},[73,115406,221],{"class":220},[73,115408,10997],{"class":83},[73,115410,530],{"class":116},[73,115412,140],{"class":83},[73,115414,2982],{"class":116},[73,115416,9814],{"class":83},[73,115418,115419],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,115420,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,115422,115423,115425,115427,115429,115431,115433],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,115424,646],{"class":216},[73,115426,653],{"class":83},[73,115428,30970],{"class":245},[73,115430,84],{"class":83},[73,115432,5274],{"class":245},[73,115434,249],{"class":83},[73,115436,115437,115439,115441,115443],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,115438,80],{"class":79},[73,115440,84],{"class":83},[73,115442,646],{"class":245},[73,115444,249],{"class":83},[73,115446,115447],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,115448,114976],{"class":769},[403,115450,115451],{"id":111514},[15,115452,103044],{},[33,115454,115455,115457],{},[36,115456,101582],{},[36,115458,101585],{},[64,115460,115462],{"className":66,"code":115461,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115463,115464,115480,115496,115500,115518,115528,115532,115542],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,115465,115466,115468,115470,115472,115474,115476,115478],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,115467,3086],{"class":216},[73,115469,221],{"class":220},[73,115471,10997],{"class":83},[73,115473,2397],{"class":116},[73,115475,140],{"class":83},[73,115477,143],{"class":116},[73,115479,9814],{"class":83},[73,115481,115482,115484,115486,115488,115490,115492,115494],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,115483,3114],{"class":216},[73,115485,221],{"class":220},[73,115487,10997],{"class":83},[73,115489,530],{"class":116},[73,115491,140],{"class":83},[73,115493,2982],{"class":116},[73,115495,9814],{"class":83},[73,115497,115498],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,115499,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,115501,115502,115504,115506,115508,115510,115512,115514,115516],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,115503,83428],{"class":216},[73,115505,221],{"class":220},[73,115507,57127],{"class":216},[73,115509,653],{"class":83},[73,115511,111514],{"class":245},[73,115513,84],{"class":83},[73,115515,5274],{"class":245},[73,115517,249],{"class":83},[73,115519,115520,115522,115524,115526],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,115521,80],{"class":79},[73,115523,84],{"class":83},[73,115525,10245],{"class":245},[73,115527,249],{"class":83},[73,115529,115530],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,115531,114976],{"class":769},[73,115533,115534,115536,115538,115540],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,115535,80],{"class":79},[73,115537,84],{"class":83},[73,115539,646],{"class":245},[73,115541,249],{"class":83},[73,115543,115544],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,115545,115546],{"class":769},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115548,107930,115549,115551,115552,115556],{},[15,115550,15463],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[646,115553,115554],{"href":103041},[15,115555,103044],{}," when you want a new set.",[59,115558,115560],{"id":115559},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115562,11255,115563,653],{},[15,115564,97559],{},[403,115566,115568],{"id":115567},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115570,115571],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[64,115573,115575],{"className":66,"code":115574,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115576,115577,115593,115615,115619,115629],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,115578,115579,115581,115583,115585,115587,115589,115591],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,115580,16138],{"class":216},[73,115582,221],{"class":220},[73,115584,10997],{"class":83},[73,115586,2397],{"class":116},[73,115588,140],{"class":83},[73,115590,143],{"class":116},[73,115592,9814],{"class":83},[73,115594,115595,115597,115599,115601,115603,115605,115607,115609,115611,115613],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,115596,2766],{"class":216},[73,115598,221],{"class":220},[73,115600,97169],{"class":216},[73,115602,653],{"class":83},[73,115604,30970],{"class":245},[73,115606,3510],{"class":83},[73,115608,1304],{"class":116},[73,115610,140],{"class":83},[73,115612,2988],{"class":116},[73,115614,4398],{"class":83},[73,115616,115617],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,115618,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,115620,115621,115623,115625,115627],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,115622,80],{"class":79},[73,115624,84],{"class":83},[73,115626,2800],{"class":245},[73,115628,249],{"class":83},[73,115630,115631],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,115632,62072],{"class":769},[20,115634,115635,115636,1063],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115637,15463],{},[64,115639,115641],{"className":66,"code":115640,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115642,115643,115659,115677,115681,115691],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,115644,115645,115647,115649,115651,115653,115655,115657],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,115646,16138],{"class":216},[73,115648,221],{"class":220},[73,115650,10997],{"class":83},[73,115652,2397],{"class":116},[73,115654,140],{"class":83},[73,115656,143],{"class":116},[73,115658,9814],{"class":83},[73,115660,115661,115663,115665,115667,115669,115671,115673,115675],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,115662,16176],{"class":216},[73,115664,653],{"class":83},[73,115666,30970],{"class":245},[73,115668,3510],{"class":83},[73,115670,1304],{"class":116},[73,115672,140],{"class":83},[73,115674,2988],{"class":116},[73,115676,4398],{"class":83},[73,115678,115679],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,115680,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,115682,115683,115685,115687,115689],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,115684,80],{"class":79},[73,115686,84],{"class":83},[73,115688,16176],{"class":245},[73,115690,249],{"class":83},[73,115692,115693],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,115694,114275],{"class":769},[403,115696,115698],{"id":115697},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115700,3367],{},[64,115702,115704],{"className":66,"code":115703,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115705,115706,115722],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,115707,115708,115710,115712,115714,115716,115718,115720],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,115709,16138],{"class":216},[73,115711,221],{"class":220},[73,115713,10997],{"class":83},[73,115715,2397],{"class":116},[73,115717,140],{"class":83},[73,115719,143],{"class":116},[73,115721,9814],{"class":83},[73,115723,115724,115726,115728,115730,115732,115734],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,115725,16176],{"class":216},[73,115727,653],{"class":83},[73,115729,30970],{"class":245},[73,115731,84],{"class":83},[73,115733,688],{"class":116},[73,115735,249],{"class":83},[20,115737,62526,115738,1631,115740,115742],{},[15,115739,1630],{},[15,115741,688],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115744,7063],{},[64,115746,115748],{"className":66,"code":115747,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115749,115750,115766,115780,115784,115794],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,115751,115752,115754,115756,115758,115760,115762,115764],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,115753,16138],{"class":216},[73,115755,221],{"class":220},[73,115757,10997],{"class":83},[73,115759,2397],{"class":116},[73,115761,140],{"class":83},[73,115763,143],{"class":116},[73,115765,9814],{"class":83},[73,115767,115768,115770,115772,115774,115776,115778],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,115769,16176],{"class":216},[73,115771,653],{"class":83},[73,115773,30970],{"class":245},[73,115775,3510],{"class":83},[73,115777,688],{"class":116},[73,115779,4398],{"class":83},[73,115781,115782],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,115783,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,115785,115786,115788,115790,115792],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,115787,80],{"class":79},[73,115789,84],{"class":83},[73,115791,16176],{"class":245},[73,115793,249],{"class":83},[73,115795,115796],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,115797,115798],{"class":769},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115800,46404,115801,653],{},[646,115802,1805,115803],{"href":52838},[15,115804,115805],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[403,115807,115809],{"id":115808},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115811,115812],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[64,115814,115816],{"className":66,"code":115815,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115817,115818,115834,115860,115864,115874],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,115819,115820,115822,115824,115826,115828,115830,115832],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,115821,16138],{"class":216},[73,115823,221],{"class":220},[73,115825,10997],{"class":83},[73,115827,2397],{"class":116},[73,115829,140],{"class":83},[73,115831,143],{"class":116},[73,115833,9814],{"class":83},[73,115835,115836,115838,115840,115842,115844,115846,115848,115850,115852,115854,115856,115858],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,115837,16176],{"class":216},[73,115839,653],{"class":83},[73,115841,30970],{"class":245},[73,115843,3510],{"class":83},[73,115845,530],{"class":116},[73,115847,140],{"class":83},[73,115849,143],{"class":116},[73,115851,140],{"class":83},[73,115853,143],{"class":116},[73,115855,140],{"class":83},[73,115857,2982],{"class":116},[73,115859,4398],{"class":83},[73,115861,115862],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,115863,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,115865,115866,115868,115870,115872],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,115867,80],{"class":79},[73,115869,84],{"class":83},[73,115871,16176],{"class":245},[73,115873,249],{"class":83},[73,115875,115876],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,115877,114976],{"class":769},[403,115879,115881,115882,45121,115884,115886],{"id":115880},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115883,15463],{},[15,115885,96448],{}," is better",[20,115888,115889,115890,115892],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115891,96448],{}," is usually the better choice.",[64,115894,115896],{"className":66,"code":115895,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115897,115898,115914,115932,115936,115946],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,115899,115900,115902,115904,115906,115908,115910,115912],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,115901,16138],{"class":216},[73,115903,221],{"class":220},[73,115905,10997],{"class":83},[73,115907,94],{"class":93},[73,115909,58367],{"class":97},[73,115911,94],{"class":93},[73,115913,9814],{"class":83},[73,115915,115916,115918,115920,115922,115924,115926,115928,115930],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,115917,16176],{"class":216},[73,115919,653],{"class":83},[73,115921,82348],{"class":245},[73,115923,84],{"class":83},[73,115925,94],{"class":93},[73,115927,37554],{"class":97},[73,115929,94],{"class":93},[73,115931,249],{"class":83},[73,115933,115934],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,115935,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,115937,115938,115940,115942,115944],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,115939,80],{"class":79},[73,115941,84],{"class":83},[73,115943,16176],{"class":245},[73,115945,249],{"class":83},[73,115947,115948],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,115949,115136],{"class":769},[59,115951,2350],{"id":2349},[403,115953,2354,115955,97538],{"id":115954},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115956,97559],{},[20,115958,97541,115959,653],{},[15,115960,1842],{},[403,115962,28838,115963,32733],{"id":32730},[15,115964,15463],{},[20,115966,115967],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[403,115969,5691,115971,1647,115973,3023],{"id":115970},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115972,96448],{},[15,115974,15463],{},[20,115976,115977,115979,115980,115982],{},[15,115978,96448],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115981,15463],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[403,115984,115986],{"id":115985},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115988,115989,115990,114985],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115991,15463],{},[403,115993,115995],{"id":115994},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115997,171,115998,11600,116000,653],{},[15,115999,103044],{},[15,116001,15463],{},[59,116003,2413],{"id":2412},[33,116005,116006,116013,116020,116026,116032],{},[36,116007,116008],{},[646,116009,116010],{"href":98745},[15,116011,116012],{},"Python set add() method",[36,116014,116015],{},[646,116016,116017],{"href":103041},[15,116018,116019],{},"Python set union() method",[36,116021,116022],{},[646,116023,116024],{"href":98128},[15,116025,97583],{},[36,116027,116028],{},[646,116029,116030],{"href":99322},[15,116031,100589],{},[36,116033,116034],{},[646,116035,116036,116038],{"href":52838},[15,116037,115805],{}," fix",[20,116040,116041,116042,116044,116045,116047],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,116043,96453],{}," for a single value and ",[15,116046,108288],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2459,116049,116050],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":116052},[116053,116054,116056,116057,116058,116059,116060,116061,116063,116068,116075,116084],{"id":4123,"depth":105,"text":4124},{"id":114283,"depth":105,"text":116055},"What set.update() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":22480,"depth":105,"text":22481},{"id":114669,"depth":105,"text":114670},{"id":114772,"depth":105,"text":114773},{"id":114979,"depth":105,"text":114980},{"id":115139,"depth":105,"text":116062},"update() vs add()",{"id":115359,"depth":105,"text":116064,"children":116065},"update() vs union()",[116066,116067],{"id":30970,"depth":122,"text":15463},{"id":111514,"depth":122,"text":103044},{"id":115559,"depth":105,"text":115560,"children":116069},[116070,116071,116072,116073],{"id":115567,"depth":122,"text":115568},{"id":115697,"depth":122,"text":115698},{"id":115808,"depth":122,"text":115809},{"id":115880,"depth":122,"text":116074},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":116076},[116077,116079,116080,116082,116083],{"id":115954,"depth":122,"text":116078},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32730,"depth":122,"text":32803},{"id":115970,"depth":122,"text":116081},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115985,"depth":122,"text":115986},{"id":115994,"depth":122,"text":115995},{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":114195,"description":116085},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":116091,"title":116092,"body":116093,"description":117859,"extension":2511,"meta":117860,"navigation":254,"path":14301,"seo":117861,"stem":117862,"__hash__":117863},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":116094,"toc":117834},[116095,116098,116101,116104,116115,116123,116126,116128,116277,116289,116293,116310,116314,116322,116324,116335,116337,116434,116440,116443,116539,116548,116553,116557,116562,116564,116574,116576,116685,116693,116697,116700,116703,116720,116726,116806,116809,116813,116816,116820,116823,116882,116885,116889,116892,116984,116988,116991,117098,117102,117108,117136,117138,117220,117230,117234,117237,117248,117251,117336,117339,117344,117348,117351,117362,117365,117507,117510,117514,117517,117531,117534,117595,117601,117603,117606,117628,117631,117731,117734,117766,117768,117772,117775,117777,117780,117784,117787,117791,117794,117798,117801,117803,117831],[10,116096,116092],{"id":116097},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,116099,116100],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,116102,116103],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[33,116105,116106,116109,116112],{},[36,116107,116108],{},"a list inside another list",[36,116110,116111],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[36,116113,116114],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,116116,100511,116117,1647,116119,116122],{},[1194,116118,13361],{},[1194,116120,116121],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,116124,116125],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[59,116127,62],{"id":61},[64,116129,116131],{"className":66,"code":116130,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116132,116133,116140,116144,116170,116190,116210,116214,116232,116236,116249,116263],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,116134,116135,116137],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,116136,35597],{"class":933},[73,116138,116139],{"class":216}," copy\n",[73,116141,116142],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,116143,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,116145,116146,116148,116150,116152,116154,116156,116158,116160,116162,116164,116166,116168],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,116147,12597],{"class":216},[73,116149,221],{"class":220},[73,116151,56533],{"class":83},[73,116153,2397],{"class":116},[73,116155,140],{"class":83},[73,116157,143],{"class":116},[73,116159,18574],{"class":83},[73,116161,891],{"class":83},[73,116163,1304],{"class":116},[73,116165,140],{"class":83},[73,116167,2988],{"class":116},[73,116169,53481],{"class":83},[73,116171,116172,116175,116177,116180,116182,116184,116186,116188],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,116173,116174],{"class":216},"shallow ",[73,116176,221],{"class":220},[73,116178,116179],{"class":216}," copy",[73,116181,653],{"class":83},[73,116183,13422],{"class":245},[73,116185,84],{"class":83},[73,116187,12644],{"class":245},[73,116189,249],{"class":83},[73,116191,116192,116195,116197,116199,116201,116204,116206,116208],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,116193,116194],{"class":216},"deep ",[73,116196,221],{"class":220},[73,116198,116179],{"class":216},[73,116200,653],{"class":83},[73,116202,116203],{"class":245},"deepcopy",[73,116205,84],{"class":83},[73,116207,12644],{"class":245},[73,116209,249],{"class":83},[73,116211,116212],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,116213,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,116215,116216,116218,116220,116222,116224,116226,116228,116230],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,116217,12644],{"class":216},[73,116219,4410],{"class":83},[73,116221,806],{"class":116},[73,116223,14061],{"class":83},[73,116225,14064],{"class":245},[73,116227,84],{"class":83},[73,116229,56586],{"class":116},[73,116231,249],{"class":83},[73,116233,116234],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,116235,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,116237,116238,116240,116242,116244,116246],{"class":75,"line":6940},[73,116239,80],{"class":79},[73,116241,84],{"class":83},[73,116243,12644],{"class":245},[73,116245,4177],{"class":83},[73,116247,116248],{"class":769},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[73,116250,116251,116253,116255,116258,116260],{"class":75,"line":6945},[73,116252,80],{"class":79},[73,116254,84],{"class":83},[73,116256,116257],{"class":245},"shallow",[73,116259,4177],{"class":83},[73,116261,116262],{"class":769},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[73,116264,116265,116267,116269,116272,116274],{"class":75,"line":12105},[73,116266,80],{"class":79},[73,116268,84],{"class":83},[73,116270,116271],{"class":245},"deep",[73,116273,4177],{"class":83},[73,116275,116276],{"class":769},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116278,171,116279,116282,116283,1647,116285,116288],{},[15,116280,116281],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[1194,116284,13361],{},[15,116286,116287],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[59,116290,116292],{"id":116291},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[33,116294,116295,116298,116301,116304,116307],{},[36,116296,116297],{},"What a copy means in Python",[36,116299,116300],{},"How shallow copy works",[36,116302,116303],{},"How deep copy works",[36,116305,116306],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[36,116308,116309],{},"When to use each approach",[59,116311,116313],{"id":116312},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,116315,15698,116316,116318,116319,116321],{},[1194,116317,13361],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[1194,116320,1196],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,116323,2649],{},[33,116325,116326,116329,116332],{},[36,116327,116328],{},"the outer container is new",[36,116330,116331],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[36,116333,116334],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,116336,206],{},[64,116338,116340],{"className":66,"code":116339,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,116341,116342,116368,116382,116386,116404,116408,116421],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,116343,116344,116346,116348,116350,116352,116354,116356,116358,116360,116362,116364,116366],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,116345,12597],{"class":216},[73,116347,221],{"class":220},[73,116349,56533],{"class":83},[73,116351,2397],{"class":116},[73,116353,140],{"class":83},[73,116355,143],{"class":116},[73,116357,18574],{"class":83},[73,116359,891],{"class":83},[73,116361,1304],{"class":116},[73,116363,140],{"class":83},[73,116365,2988],{"class":116},[73,116367,53481],{"class":83},[73,116369,116370,116372,116374,116376,116378,116380],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,116371,14821],{"class":216},[73,116373,221],{"class":220},[73,116375,12672],{"class":216},[73,116377,653],{"class":83},[73,116379,13422],{"class":245},[73,116381,9151],{"class":83},[73,116383,116384],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,116385,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,116387,116388,116390,116392,116394,116396,116398,116400,116402],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,116389,14840],{"class":216},[73,116391,653],{"class":83},[73,116393,14064],{"class":245},[73,116395,3510],{"class":83},[73,116397,688],{"class":116},[73,116399,140],{"class":83},[73,116401,38150],{"class":116},[73,116403,4398],{"class":83},[73,116405,116406],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,116407,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,116409,116410,116412,116414,116416,116418],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,116411,80],{"class":79},[73,116413,84],{"class":83},[73,116415,12644],{"class":245},[73,116417,4177],{"class":83},[73,116419,116420],{"class":769},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[73,116422,116423,116425,116427,116429,116431],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,116424,80],{"class":79},[73,116426,84],{"class":83},[73,116428,14840],{"class":245},[73,116430,4177],{"class":83},[73,116432,116433],{"class":769},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116435,116436,116437,116439],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116438,14840],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116441,116442],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[64,116444,116446],{"className":66,"code":116445,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116447,116448,116474,116488,116492,116510,116514,116526],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,116449,116450,116452,116454,116456,116458,116460,116462,116464,116466,116468,116470,116472],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,116451,12597],{"class":216},[73,116453,221],{"class":220},[73,116455,56533],{"class":83},[73,116457,2397],{"class":116},[73,116459,140],{"class":83},[73,116461,143],{"class":116},[73,116463,18574],{"class":83},[73,116465,891],{"class":83},[73,116467,1304],{"class":116},[73,116469,140],{"class":83},[73,116471,2988],{"class":116},[73,116473,53481],{"class":83},[73,116475,116476,116478,116480,116482,116484,116486],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,116477,14821],{"class":216},[73,116479,221],{"class":220},[73,116481,12672],{"class":216},[73,116483,653],{"class":83},[73,116485,13422],{"class":245},[73,116487,9151],{"class":83},[73,116489,116490],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,116491,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,116493,116494,116496,116498,116500,116502,116504,116506,116508],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,116495,14840],{"class":216},[73,116497,4410],{"class":83},[73,116499,806],{"class":116},[73,116501,14061],{"class":83},[73,116503,14064],{"class":245},[73,116505,84],{"class":83},[73,116507,56586],{"class":116},[73,116509,249],{"class":83},[73,116511,116512],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,116513,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,116515,116516,116518,116520,116522,116524],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,116517,80],{"class":79},[73,116519,84],{"class":83},[73,116521,12644],{"class":245},[73,116523,4177],{"class":83},[73,116525,116248],{"class":769},[73,116527,116528,116530,116532,116534,116536],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,116529,80],{"class":79},[73,116531,84],{"class":83},[73,116533,14840],{"class":245},[73,116535,4177],{"class":83},[73,116537,116538],{"class":769},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116540,116541,116542,1647,116544,116547],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116543,56690],{},[15,116545,116546],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116549,116550,116551,653],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[646,116552,44428],{"href":12576},[59,116554,116556],{"id":116555},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116558,15698,116559,116561],{},[1194,116560,116121],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116563,2649],{},[33,116565,116566,116568,116571],{},[36,116567,116328],{},[36,116569,116570],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[36,116572,116573],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116575,206],{},[64,116577,116579],{"className":66,"code":116578,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116580,116581,116587,116591,116617,116635,116639,116657,116661,116673],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,116582,116583,116585],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,116584,35597],{"class":933},[73,116586,116139],{"class":216},[73,116588,116589],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,116590,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,116592,116593,116595,116597,116599,116601,116603,116605,116607,116609,116611,116613,116615],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,116594,12597],{"class":216},[73,116596,221],{"class":220},[73,116598,56533],{"class":83},[73,116600,2397],{"class":116},[73,116602,140],{"class":83},[73,116604,143],{"class":116},[73,116606,18574],{"class":83},[73,116608,891],{"class":83},[73,116610,1304],{"class":116},[73,116612,140],{"class":83},[73,116614,2988],{"class":116},[73,116616,53481],{"class":83},[73,116618,116619,116621,116623,116625,116627,116629,116631,116633],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,116620,14821],{"class":216},[73,116622,221],{"class":220},[73,116624,116179],{"class":216},[73,116626,653],{"class":83},[73,116628,116203],{"class":245},[73,116630,84],{"class":83},[73,116632,12644],{"class":245},[73,116634,249],{"class":83},[73,116636,116637],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,116638,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,116640,116641,116643,116645,116647,116649,116651,116653,116655],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,116642,14840],{"class":216},[73,116644,4410],{"class":83},[73,116646,806],{"class":116},[73,116648,14061],{"class":83},[73,116650,14064],{"class":245},[73,116652,84],{"class":83},[73,116654,56586],{"class":116},[73,116656,249],{"class":83},[73,116658,116659],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,116660,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,116662,116663,116665,116667,116669,116671],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,116664,80],{"class":79},[73,116666,84],{"class":83},[73,116668,12644],{"class":245},[73,116670,4177],{"class":83},[73,116672,116420],{"class":769},[73,116674,116675,116677,116679,116681,116683],{"class":75,"line":6940},[73,116676,80],{"class":79},[73,116678,84],{"class":83},[73,116680,14840],{"class":245},[73,116682,4177],{"class":83},[73,116684,116538],{"class":769},[20,116686,116687,116688,116690,116691,653],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116689,116546],{}," does not change ",[15,116692,56690],{},[59,116694,116696],{"id":116695},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116698,116699],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116701,116702],{},"Common reasons:",[33,116704,116705,116708,116711,116717],{},[36,116706,116707],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[36,116709,116710],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[36,116712,116713,116714,116716],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116715,221],{}," does not make a copy",[36,116718,116719],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116721,116722,116723,116725],{},"For example, this does ",[1194,116724,1196],{}," create a copy:",[64,116727,116729],{"className":66,"code":116728,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116730,116731,116751,116759,116763,116777,116781,116793],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,116732,116733,116735,116737,116739,116741,116743,116745,116747,116749],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,116734,12597],{"class":216},[73,116736,221],{"class":220},[73,116738,891],{"class":83},[73,116740,2397],{"class":116},[73,116742,140],{"class":83},[73,116744,143],{"class":116},[73,116746,140],{"class":83},[73,116748,2982],{"class":116},[73,116750,924],{"class":83},[73,116752,116753,116755,116757],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,116754,14821],{"class":216},[73,116756,221],{"class":220},[73,116758,12635],{"class":216},[73,116760,116761],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,116762,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,116764,116765,116767,116769,116771,116773,116775],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,116766,14840],{"class":216},[73,116768,653],{"class":83},[73,116770,14064],{"class":245},[73,116772,84],{"class":83},[73,116774,3036],{"class":116},[73,116776,249],{"class":83},[73,116778,116779],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,116780,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,116782,116783,116785,116787,116789,116791],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,116784,80],{"class":79},[73,116786,84],{"class":83},[73,116788,12644],{"class":245},[73,116790,4177],{"class":83},[73,116792,55940],{"class":769},[73,116794,116795,116797,116799,116801,116803],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,116796,80],{"class":79},[73,116798,84],{"class":83},[73,116800,14840],{"class":245},[73,116802,4177],{"class":83},[73,116804,116805],{"class":769},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116807,116808],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[59,116810,116812],{"id":116811},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116814,116815],{},"These three ideas are different.",[403,116817,116819],{"id":116818},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116821,116822],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[64,116824,116826],{"className":66,"code":116825,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116827,116828,116854,116862,116866],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,116829,116830,116832,116834,116836,116838,116840,116842,116844,116846,116848,116850,116852],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,116831,12597],{"class":216},[73,116833,221],{"class":220},[73,116835,56533],{"class":83},[73,116837,2397],{"class":116},[73,116839,140],{"class":83},[73,116841,143],{"class":116},[73,116843,18574],{"class":83},[73,116845,891],{"class":83},[73,116847,1304],{"class":116},[73,116849,140],{"class":83},[73,116851,2988],{"class":116},[73,116853,53481],{"class":83},[73,116855,116856,116858,116860],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,116857,14612],{"class":216},[73,116859,221],{"class":220},[73,116861,12635],{"class":216},[73,116863,116864],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,116865,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,116867,116868,116870,116872,116874,116876,116878,116880],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,116869,80],{"class":79},[73,116871,84],{"class":83},[73,116873,12597],{"class":245},[73,116875,12705],{"class":933},[73,116877,14680],{"class":245},[73,116879,4177],{"class":83},[73,116881,4180],{"class":769},[20,116883,116884],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[403,116886,116888],{"id":116887},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116890,116891],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[64,116893,116895],{"className":66,"code":116894,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116896,116897,116923,116937,116941,116958],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,116898,116899,116901,116903,116905,116907,116909,116911,116913,116915,116917,116919,116921],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,116900,12597],{"class":216},[73,116902,221],{"class":220},[73,116904,56533],{"class":83},[73,116906,2397],{"class":116},[73,116908,140],{"class":83},[73,116910,143],{"class":116},[73,116912,18574],{"class":83},[73,116914,891],{"class":83},[73,116916,1304],{"class":116},[73,116918,140],{"class":83},[73,116920,2988],{"class":116},[73,116922,53481],{"class":83},[73,116924,116925,116927,116929,116931,116933,116935],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,116926,116174],{"class":216},[73,116928,221],{"class":220},[73,116930,12672],{"class":216},[73,116932,653],{"class":83},[73,116934,13422],{"class":245},[73,116936,9151],{"class":83},[73,116938,116939],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,116940,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,116942,116943,116945,116947,116949,116951,116954,116956],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,116944,80],{"class":79},[73,116946,84],{"class":83},[73,116948,12597],{"class":245},[73,116950,12705],{"class":933},[73,116952,116953],{"class":245}," shallow",[73,116955,4177],{"class":83},[73,116957,21713],{"class":769},[73,116959,116960,116962,116964,116966,116968,116970,116972,116974,116976,116978,116980,116982],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,116961,80],{"class":79},[73,116963,84],{"class":83},[73,116965,12644],{"class":245},[73,116967,4410],{"class":83},[73,116969,806],{"class":116},[73,116971,13784],{"class":83},[73,116973,8607],{"class":933},[73,116975,116953],{"class":245},[73,116977,4410],{"class":83},[73,116979,806],{"class":116},[73,116981,20958],{"class":83},[73,116983,4180],{"class":769},[403,116985,116987],{"id":116986},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116989,116990],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[64,116992,116994],{"className":66,"code":116993,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116995,116996,117002,117006,117032,117050,117054,117072],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,116997,116998,117000],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,116999,35597],{"class":933},[73,117001,116139],{"class":216},[73,117003,117004],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,117005,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,117007,117008,117010,117012,117014,117016,117018,117020,117022,117024,117026,117028,117030],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,117009,12597],{"class":216},[73,117011,221],{"class":220},[73,117013,56533],{"class":83},[73,117015,2397],{"class":116},[73,117017,140],{"class":83},[73,117019,143],{"class":116},[73,117021,18574],{"class":83},[73,117023,891],{"class":83},[73,117025,1304],{"class":116},[73,117027,140],{"class":83},[73,117029,2988],{"class":116},[73,117031,53481],{"class":83},[73,117033,117034,117036,117038,117040,117042,117044,117046,117048],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,117035,116194],{"class":216},[73,117037,221],{"class":220},[73,117039,116179],{"class":216},[73,117041,653],{"class":83},[73,117043,116203],{"class":245},[73,117045,84],{"class":83},[73,117047,12644],{"class":245},[73,117049,249],{"class":83},[73,117051,117052],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,117053,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,117055,117056,117058,117060,117062,117064,117067,117069],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,117057,80],{"class":79},[73,117059,84],{"class":83},[73,117061,12597],{"class":245},[73,117063,12705],{"class":933},[73,117065,117066],{"class":245}," deep",[73,117068,4177],{"class":83},[73,117070,117071],{"class":769},"         # False\n",[73,117073,117074,117076,117078,117080,117082,117084,117086,117088,117090,117092,117094,117096],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,117075,80],{"class":79},[73,117077,84],{"class":83},[73,117079,12644],{"class":245},[73,117081,4410],{"class":83},[73,117083,806],{"class":116},[73,117085,13784],{"class":83},[73,117087,8607],{"class":933},[73,117089,117066],{"class":245},[73,117091,4410],{"class":83},[73,117093,806],{"class":116},[73,117095,20958],{"class":83},[73,117097,44364],{"class":769},[59,117099,117101],{"id":117100},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,117103,117104,117105,1063],{},"These all make ",[1194,117106,117107],{},"shallow copies",[33,117109,117110,117114,117118,117123,117129],{},[36,117111,117112],{},[15,117113,55840],{},[36,117115,117116],{},[15,117117,12946],{},[36,117119,117120],{},[15,117121,117122],{},"set.copy()",[36,117124,117125,117126],{},"list slicing like ",[15,117127,117128],{},"my_list[:]",[36,117130,117131,117133,117134,35587],{},[15,117132,116281],{}," from the ",[15,117135,13422],{},[20,117137,2667],{},[64,117139,117141],{"className":66,"code":117140,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,117142,117143,117163,117167,117181,117192,117196,117208],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,117144,117145,117147,117149,117151,117153,117155,117157,117159,117161],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,117146,4134],{"class":216},[73,117148,221],{"class":220},[73,117150,891],{"class":83},[73,117152,2397],{"class":116},[73,117154,140],{"class":83},[73,117156,143],{"class":116},[73,117158,140],{"class":83},[73,117160,2982],{"class":116},[73,117162,924],{"class":83},[73,117164,117165],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,117166,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,117168,117169,117171,117173,117175,117177,117179],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,117170,3086],{"class":216},[73,117172,221],{"class":220},[73,117174,4775],{"class":216},[73,117176,653],{"class":83},[73,117178,13422],{"class":245},[73,117180,9151],{"class":83},[73,117182,117183,117185,117187,117189],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,117184,3114],{"class":216},[73,117186,221],{"class":220},[73,117188,4775],{"class":216},[73,117190,117191],{"class":83},"[:]\n",[73,117193,117194],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,117195,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,117197,117198,117200,117202,117204,117206],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,117199,80],{"class":79},[73,117201,84],{"class":83},[73,117203,646],{"class":245},[73,117205,4177],{"class":83},[73,117207,55171],{"class":769},[73,117209,117210,117212,117214,117216,117218],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,117211,80],{"class":79},[73,117213,84],{"class":83},[73,117215,5274],{"class":245},[73,117217,4177],{"class":83},[73,117219,55171],{"class":769},[20,117221,73382,117222,1168,117226,653],{},[646,117223,117224,11248],{"href":55199},[15,117225,55840],{},[646,117227,117228,11248],{"href":12943},[15,117229,12946],{},[59,117231,117233],{"id":117232},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,117235,117236],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[33,117238,117239,117242,117245],{},[36,117240,117241],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[36,117243,117244],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[36,117246,117247],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,117249,117250],{},"Example with a flat list:",[64,117252,117254],{"className":66,"code":117253,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,117255,117256,117276,117290,117294,117308,117312,117324],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,117257,117258,117260,117262,117264,117266,117268,117270,117272,117274],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,117259,12597],{"class":216},[73,117261,221],{"class":220},[73,117263,891],{"class":83},[73,117265,2397],{"class":116},[73,117267,140],{"class":83},[73,117269,143],{"class":116},[73,117271,140],{"class":83},[73,117273,2982],{"class":116},[73,117275,924],{"class":83},[73,117277,117278,117280,117282,117284,117286,117288],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,117279,14821],{"class":216},[73,117281,221],{"class":220},[73,117283,12672],{"class":216},[73,117285,653],{"class":83},[73,117287,13422],{"class":245},[73,117289,9151],{"class":83},[73,117291,117292],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,117293,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,117295,117296,117298,117300,117302,117304,117306],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,117297,14840],{"class":216},[73,117299,653],{"class":83},[73,117301,14064],{"class":245},[73,117303,84],{"class":83},[73,117305,3036],{"class":116},[73,117307,249],{"class":83},[73,117309,117310],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,117311,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,117313,117314,117316,117318,117320,117322],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,117315,80],{"class":79},[73,117317,84],{"class":83},[73,117319,12644],{"class":245},[73,117321,4177],{"class":83},[73,117323,55171],{"class":769},[73,117325,117326,117328,117330,117332,117334],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,117327,80],{"class":79},[73,117329,84],{"class":83},[73,117331,14840],{"class":245},[73,117333,4177],{"class":83},[73,117335,116805],{"class":769},[20,117337,117338],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,117340,117341,117342,653],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[646,117343,15397],{"href":57459},[59,117345,117347],{"id":117346},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,117349,117350],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[33,117352,117353,117356,117359],{},[36,117354,117355],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[36,117357,117358],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[36,117360,117361],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,117363,117364],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[64,117366,117368],{"className":66,"code":117367,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,117369,117370,117376,117380,117406,117420,117438,117442,117464,117468,117481,117494],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,117371,117372,117374],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,117373,35597],{"class":933},[73,117375,116139],{"class":216},[73,117377,117378],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,117379,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,117381,117382,117384,117386,117388,117390,117392,117394,117396,117398,117400,117402,117404],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,117383,12597],{"class":216},[73,117385,221],{"class":220},[73,117387,10997],{"class":83},[73,117389,94],{"class":93},[73,117391,16899],{"class":97},[73,117393,94],{"class":93},[73,117395,1063],{"class":83},[73,117397,891],{"class":83},[73,117399,452],{"class":116},[73,117401,140],{"class":83},[73,117403,8300],{"class":116},[73,117405,14217],{"class":83},[73,117407,117408,117410,117412,117414,117416,117418],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,117409,116174],{"class":216},[73,117411,221],{"class":220},[73,117413,12672],{"class":216},[73,117415,653],{"class":83},[73,117417,13422],{"class":245},[73,117419,9151],{"class":83},[73,117421,117422,117424,117426,117428,117430,117432,117434,117436],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,117423,116194],{"class":216},[73,117425,221],{"class":220},[73,117427,116179],{"class":216},[73,117429,653],{"class":83},[73,117431,116203],{"class":245},[73,117433,84],{"class":83},[73,117435,12644],{"class":245},[73,117437,249],{"class":83},[73,117439,117440],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,117441,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,117443,117444,117446,117448,117450,117452,117454,117456,117458,117460,117462],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,117445,12644],{"class":216},[73,117447,4410],{"class":83},[73,117449,94],{"class":93},[73,117451,16899],{"class":97},[73,117453,94],{"class":93},[73,117455,14061],{"class":83},[73,117457,14064],{"class":245},[73,117459,84],{"class":83},[73,117461,37348],{"class":116},[73,117463,249],{"class":83},[73,117465,117466],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,117467,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,117469,117470,117472,117474,117476,117478],{"class":75,"line":6940},[73,117471,80],{"class":79},[73,117473,84],{"class":83},[73,117475,12644],{"class":245},[73,117477,4177],{"class":83},[73,117479,117480],{"class":769},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[73,117482,117483,117485,117487,117489,117491],{"class":75,"line":6945},[73,117484,80],{"class":79},[73,117486,84],{"class":83},[73,117488,116257],{"class":245},[73,117490,4177],{"class":83},[73,117492,117493],{"class":769},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[73,117495,117496,117498,117500,117502,117504],{"class":75,"line":12105},[73,117497,80],{"class":79},[73,117499,84],{"class":83},[73,117501,116271],{"class":245},[73,117503,4177],{"class":83},[73,117505,117506],{"class":769},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117508,117509],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[59,117511,117513],{"id":117512},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117515,117516],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[33,117518,117519,117522,117525,117528],{},[36,117520,117521],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[36,117523,117524],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[36,117526,117527],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[36,117529,117530],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117532,117533],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[64,117535,117537],{"className":66,"code":117536,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117538,117539,117547,117555,117559,117567,117571,117583],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,117540,117541,117543,117545],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,117542,3086],{"class":216},[73,117544,221],{"class":220},[73,117546,3119],{"class":116},[73,117548,117549,117551,117553],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,117550,3114],{"class":216},[73,117552,221],{"class":220},[73,117554,36682],{"class":216},[73,117556,117557],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,117558,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,117560,117561,117563,117565],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,117562,3114],{"class":216},[73,117564,221],{"class":220},[73,117566,15124],{"class":116},[73,117568,117569],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,117570,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,117572,117573,117575,117577,117579,117581],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,117574,80],{"class":79},[73,117576,84],{"class":83},[73,117578,646],{"class":245},[73,117580,4177],{"class":83},[73,117582,27305],{"class":769},[73,117584,117585,117587,117589,117591,117593],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,117586,80],{"class":79},[73,117588,84],{"class":83},[73,117590,5274],{"class":245},[73,117592,4177],{"class":83},[73,117594,28126],{"class":769},[20,117596,93753,117597,117600],{},[646,117598,117599],{"href":12576},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[59,117602,2102],{"id":2101},[20,117604,117605],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[33,117607,117608,117612,117617,117622,117625],{},[36,117609,657,117610,57023],{},[15,117611,221],{},[36,117613,657,117614,117616],{},[15,117615,55840],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[36,117618,657,117619,117621],{},[15,117620,12946],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[36,117623,117624],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[36,117626,117627],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117629,117630],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[64,117632,117634],{"className":66,"code":117633,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117635,117636,117650,117664,117686,117717],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,117637,117638,117640,117642,117644,117646,117648],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,117639,80],{"class":79},[73,117641,84],{"class":83},[73,117643,12597],{"class":245},[73,117645,12705],{"class":933},[73,117647,14894],{"class":245},[73,117649,249],{"class":83},[73,117651,117652,117654,117656,117658,117660,117662],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,117653,80],{"class":79},[73,117655,84],{"class":83},[73,117657,12597],{"class":245},[73,117659,5201],{"class":220},[73,117661,14894],{"class":245},[73,117663,249],{"class":83},[73,117665,117666,117668,117670,117672,117674,117676,117678,117680,117682,117684],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,117667,80],{"class":79},[73,117669,84],{"class":83},[73,117671,13161],{"class":79},[73,117673,84],{"class":83},[73,117675,12644],{"class":245},[73,117677,9739],{"class":83},[73,117679,15325],{"class":79},[73,117681,84],{"class":83},[73,117683,14840],{"class":245},[73,117685,102],{"class":83},[73,117687,117688,117690,117692,117694,117696,117698,117700,117702,117705,117707,117709,117711,117713,117715],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,117689,80],{"class":79},[73,117691,84],{"class":83},[73,117693,13161],{"class":79},[73,117695,84],{"class":83},[73,117697,12644],{"class":245},[73,117699,4410],{"class":83},[73,117701,806],{"class":116},[73,117703,117704],{"class":83},"]),",[73,117706,15325],{"class":79},[73,117708,84],{"class":83},[73,117710,14840],{"class":245},[73,117712,4410],{"class":83},[73,117714,806],{"class":116},[73,117716,3523],{"class":83},[73,117718,117719,117721,117723,117725,117727,117729],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,117720,80],{"class":79},[73,117722,84],{"class":83},[73,117724,288],{"class":87},[73,117726,84],{"class":83},[73,117728,12644],{"class":245},[73,117730,102],{"class":83},[20,117732,117733],{},"What they tell you:",[33,117735,117736,117741,117746,117751,117761],{},[36,117737,117738,117740],{},[15,117739,12705],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[36,117742,117743,117745],{},[15,117744,5201],{}," checks whether values are equal",[36,117747,117748,117750],{},[15,117749,43980],{}," shows the identity of an object",[36,117752,117753,117754,1647,117757,117760],{},"comparing ",[15,117755,117756],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117758,117759],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[36,117762,117763,117765],{},[15,117764,2837],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[59,117767,2350],{"id":2349},[403,117769,117771],{"id":117770},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117773,117774],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[403,117776,57509],{"id":57424},[20,117778,117779],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[403,117781,117783],{"id":117782},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117785,117786],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[403,117788,117790],{"id":117789},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117792,117793],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[403,117795,117797],{"id":117796},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117799,117800],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[59,117802,2413],{"id":2412},[33,117804,117805,117810,117816,117822,117826],{},[36,117806,117807],{},[646,117808,117809],{"href":12576},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[36,117811,117812],{},[646,117813,13,117814,11248],{"href":55199},[15,117815,55840],{},[36,117817,117818],{},[646,117819,13,117820,11248],{"href":12943},[15,117821,12946],{},[36,117823,117824],{},[646,117825,15474],{"href":57459},[36,117827,117828],{},[646,117829,117830],{"href":58734},"What is a list in Python?",[2459,117832,117833],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":117835},[117836,117837,117838,117839,117840,117841,117846,117847,117848,117849,117850,117851,117858],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":116291,"depth":105,"text":116292},{"id":116312,"depth":105,"text":116313},{"id":116555,"depth":105,"text":116556},{"id":116695,"depth":105,"text":116696},{"id":116811,"depth":105,"text":116812,"children":117842},[117843,117844,117845],{"id":116818,"depth":122,"text":116819},{"id":116887,"depth":122,"text":116888},{"id":116986,"depth":122,"text":116987},{"id":117100,"depth":105,"text":117101},{"id":117232,"depth":105,"text":117233},{"id":117346,"depth":105,"text":117347},{"id":117512,"depth":105,"text":117513},{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":117852},[117853,117854,117855,117856,117857],{"id":117770,"depth":122,"text":117771},{"id":57424,"depth":122,"text":57509},{"id":117782,"depth":122,"text":117783},{"id":117789,"depth":122,"text":117790},{"id":117796,"depth":122,"text":117797},{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":116092,"description":117859},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117865,"title":117866,"body":117867,"description":119724,"extension":2511,"meta":119725,"navigation":254,"path":119726,"seo":119727,"stem":119728,"__hash__":119729},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117868,"toc":119682},[117869,117874,117879,117887,117889,117957,117962,117967,117982,117985,117987,118018,118020,118040,118043,118058,118060,118063,118136,118138,118183,118185,118196,118201,118205,118210,118213,118252,118254,118274,118277,118334,118336,118371,118374,118413,118415,118435,118438,118469,118471,118527,118529,118534,118605,118607,118640,118645,118650,118715,118717,118754,118757,118834,118836,118896,118903,118908,118911,118914,118995,118997,119038,119043,119046,119124,119126,119159,119168,119175,119178,119189,119192,119203,119207,119215,119224,119228,119233,119237,119242,119285,119288,119294,119297,119299,119346,119351,119355,119358,119407,119409,119430,119433,119435,119460,119463,119584,119589,119591,119596,119599,119604,119607,119615,119620,119627,119630,119638,119641,119643,119679],[10,117870,13,117872,18],{"id":117871},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117873,74666],{},[20,117875,117876,117878],{},[15,117877,74666],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117880,117881,117882,2728,117884,117886],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117883,78109],{},[15,117885,74666],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[59,117888,4124],{"id":4123},[64,117890,117892],{"className":66,"code":117891,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117893,117894,117914,117928,117932,117944],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,117895,117896,117898,117900,117902,117904,117906,117908,117910,117912],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,117897,4134],{"class":216},[73,117899,221],{"class":220},[73,117901,891],{"class":83},[73,117903,1304],{"class":116},[73,117905,140],{"class":83},[73,117907,2085],{"class":116},[73,117909,140],{"class":83},[73,117911,143],{"class":116},[73,117913,924],{"class":83},[73,117915,117916,117918,117920,117922,117924,117926],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,117917,2766],{"class":216},[73,117919,221],{"class":220},[73,117921,74800],{"class":79},[73,117923,84],{"class":83},[73,117925,4164],{"class":245},[73,117927,249],{"class":83},[73,117929,117930],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,117931,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,117933,117934,117936,117938,117940,117942],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,117935,80],{"class":79},[73,117937,84],{"class":83},[73,117939,2800],{"class":245},[73,117941,4177],{"class":83},[73,117943,55927],{"class":769},[73,117945,117946,117948,117950,117952,117954],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,117947,80],{"class":79},[73,117949,84],{"class":83},[73,117951,4164],{"class":245},[73,117953,4177],{"class":83},[73,117955,117956],{"class":769},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117958,117959,117961],{},[15,117960,74666],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[59,117963,178,117965,181],{"id":117964},"what-sorted-does",[15,117966,74666],{},[33,117968,117969,117973,117976,117979],{},[36,117970,117971,63167],{},[15,117972,74666],{},[36,117974,117975],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[36,117977,117978],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[36,117980,117981],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117983,117984],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[59,117986,370],{"id":369},[64,117988,117990],{"className":66,"code":117989,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117991,117992],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,117993,117994,117996,117998,118000,118002,118004,118006,118008,118010,118012,118014,118016],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,117995,74756],{"class":79},[73,117997,84],{"class":83},[73,117999,4235],{"class":245},[73,118001,140],{"class":83},[73,118003,22092],{"class":9682},[73,118005,221],{"class":220},[73,118007,1842],{"class":484},[73,118009,140],{"class":83},[73,118011,78312],{"class":9682},[73,118013,221],{"class":220},[73,118015,1367],{"class":484},[73,118017,249],{"class":83},[403,118019,17906],{"id":17905},[33,118021,118022,118027,118032],{},[36,118023,118024,118026],{},[15,118025,4235],{},": the values to sort",[36,118028,118029,118031],{},[15,118030,15350],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[36,118033,118034,118036,118037,118039],{},[15,118035,73819],{},": set to ",[15,118038,430],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,118041,118042],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[64,118044,118046],{"className":66,"code":118045,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,118047,118048],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,118049,118050,118052,118054,118056],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,118051,74756],{"class":79},[73,118053,84],{"class":83},[73,118055,60548],{"class":245},[73,118057,249],{"class":83},[59,118059,11985],{"id":11984},[20,118061,118062],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[64,118064,118066],{"className":66,"code":118065,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118067,118068,118092,118096,118111,118115,118126],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,118069,118070,118072,118074,118076,118078,118080,118082,118084,118086,118088,118090],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,118071,4134],{"class":216},[73,118073,221],{"class":220},[73,118075,891],{"class":83},[73,118077,688],{"class":116},[73,118079,140],{"class":83},[73,118081,143],{"class":116},[73,118083,140],{"class":83},[73,118085,594],{"class":116},[73,118087,140],{"class":83},[73,118089,2085],{"class":116},[73,118091,924],{"class":83},[73,118093,118094],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,118095,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,118097,118098,118101,118103,118105,118107,118109],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,118099,118100],{"class":216},"sorted_numbers ",[73,118102,221],{"class":220},[73,118104,74800],{"class":79},[73,118106,84],{"class":83},[73,118108,4164],{"class":245},[73,118110,249],{"class":83},[73,118112,118113],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,118114,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,118116,118117,118119,118121,118124],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,118118,80],{"class":79},[73,118120,84],{"class":83},[73,118122,118123],{"class":245},"sorted_numbers",[73,118125,249],{"class":83},[73,118127,118128,118130,118132,118134],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,118129,80],{"class":79},[73,118131,84],{"class":83},[73,118133,4164],{"class":245},[73,118135,249],{"class":83},[20,118137,148],{},[64,118139,118141],{"className":66,"code":118140,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,118142,118143,118163],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,118144,118145,118147,118149,118151,118153,118155,118157,118159,118161],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,118146,4410],{"class":83},[73,118148,2397],{"class":116},[73,118150,140],{"class":83},[73,118152,143],{"class":116},[73,118154,140],{"class":83},[73,118156,5118],{"class":116},[73,118158,140],{"class":83},[73,118160,594],{"class":116},[73,118162,924],{"class":83},[73,118164,118165,118167,118169,118171,118173,118175,118177,118179,118181],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,118166,4410],{"class":83},[73,118168,688],{"class":116},[73,118170,140],{"class":83},[73,118172,143],{"class":116},[73,118174,140],{"class":83},[73,118176,594],{"class":116},[73,118178,140],{"class":83},[73,118180,2085],{"class":116},[73,118182,924],{"class":83},[20,118184,14274],{},[33,118186,118187,118192],{},[36,118188,118189,118191],{},[15,118190,118123],{}," is a new sorted list",[36,118193,118194,112728],{},[15,118195,4164],{},[20,118197,118198,118199,653],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[646,118200,78619],{"href":78618},[59,118202,118204],{"id":118203},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,118206,118207,118209],{},[15,118208,74666],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[403,118211,118212],{"id":8604},"List",[64,118214,118216],{"className":66,"code":118215,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,118217,118218,118238],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,118219,118220,118222,118224,118226,118228,118230,118232,118234,118236],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,118221,4134],{"class":216},[73,118223,221],{"class":220},[73,118225,891],{"class":83},[73,118227,1304],{"class":116},[73,118229,140],{"class":83},[73,118231,2085],{"class":116},[73,118233,140],{"class":83},[73,118235,143],{"class":116},[73,118237,924],{"class":83},[73,118239,118240,118242,118244,118246,118248,118250],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,118241,80],{"class":79},[73,118243,84],{"class":83},[73,118245,74756],{"class":79},[73,118247,84],{"class":83},[73,118249,4164],{"class":245},[73,118251,102],{"class":83},[20,118253,148],{},[64,118255,118256],{"className":66,"code":55389,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,118257,118258],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,118259,118260,118262,118264,118266,118268,118270,118272],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,118261,4410],{"class":83},[73,118263,2397],{"class":116},[73,118265,140],{"class":83},[73,118267,143],{"class":116},[73,118269,140],{"class":83},[73,118271,2982],{"class":116},[73,118273,924],{"class":83},[403,118275,118276],{"id":49190},"Tuple",[64,118278,118280],{"className":66,"code":118279,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,118281,118282,118302,118316],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,118283,118284,118286,118288,118290,118292,118294,118296,118298,118300],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,118285,886],{"class":216},[73,118287,221],{"class":220},[73,118289,9742],{"class":83},[73,118291,1304],{"class":116},[73,118293,140],{"class":83},[73,118295,2085],{"class":116},[73,118297,140],{"class":83},[73,118299,143],{"class":116},[73,118301,249],{"class":83},[73,118303,118304,118306,118308,118310,118312,118314],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,118305,80],{"class":79},[73,118307,84],{"class":83},[73,118309,74756],{"class":79},[73,118311,84],{"class":83},[73,118313,5871],{"class":245},[73,118315,102],{"class":83},[73,118317,118318,118320,118322,118324,118326,118328,118330,118332],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,118319,80],{"class":79},[73,118321,84],{"class":83},[73,118323,288],{"class":87},[73,118325,84],{"class":83},[73,118327,74756],{"class":79},[73,118329,84],{"class":83},[73,118331,5871],{"class":245},[73,118333,1784],{"class":83},[20,118335,148],{},[64,118337,118339],{"className":66,"code":118338,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,118340,118341,118357],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,118342,118343,118345,118347,118349,118351,118353,118355],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,118344,4410],{"class":83},[73,118346,2397],{"class":116},[73,118348,140],{"class":83},[73,118350,143],{"class":116},[73,118352,140],{"class":83},[73,118354,2982],{"class":116},[73,118356,924],{"class":83},[73,118358,118359,118361,118363,118365,118367,118369],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,118360,330],{"class":220},[73,118362,334],{"class":333},[73,118364,337],{"class":93},[73,118366,8604],{"class":97},[73,118368,343],{"class":93},[73,118370,346],{"class":220},[403,118372,118373],{"id":6798},"Set",[64,118375,118377],{"className":66,"code":118376,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118378,118379,118399],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,118380,118381,118383,118385,118387,118389,118391,118393,118395,118397],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,118382,886],{"class":216},[73,118384,221],{"class":220},[73,118386,10997],{"class":83},[73,118388,1304],{"class":116},[73,118390,140],{"class":83},[73,118392,2085],{"class":116},[73,118394,140],{"class":83},[73,118396,143],{"class":116},[73,118398,9814],{"class":83},[73,118400,118401,118403,118405,118407,118409,118411],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,118402,80],{"class":79},[73,118404,84],{"class":83},[73,118406,74756],{"class":79},[73,118408,84],{"class":83},[73,118410,5871],{"class":245},[73,118412,102],{"class":83},[20,118414,148],{},[64,118416,118417],{"className":66,"code":55389,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,118418,118419],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,118420,118421,118423,118425,118427,118429,118431,118433],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,118422,4410],{"class":83},[73,118424,2397],{"class":116},[73,118426,140],{"class":83},[73,118428,143],{"class":116},[73,118430,140],{"class":83},[73,118432,2982],{"class":116},[73,118434,924],{"class":83},[403,118436,118437],{"id":61415},"String",[64,118439,118441],{"className":66,"code":118440,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118442,118443,118455],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,118444,118445,118447,118449,118451,118453],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,118446,217],{"class":216},[73,118448,221],{"class":220},[73,118450,224],{"class":93},[73,118452,68],{"class":97},[73,118454,230],{"class":93},[73,118456,118457,118459,118461,118463,118465,118467],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,118458,80],{"class":79},[73,118460,84],{"class":83},[73,118462,74756],{"class":79},[73,118464,84],{"class":83},[73,118466,246],{"class":245},[73,118468,102],{"class":83},[20,118470,148],{},[64,118472,118473],{"className":66,"code":79636,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,118474,118475],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,118476,118477,118479,118481,118483,118485,118487,118489,118491,118493,118495,118497,118499,118501,118503,118505,118507,118509,118511,118513,118515,118517,118519,118521,118523,118525],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,118478,4410],{"class":83},[73,118480,343],{"class":93},[73,118482,60679],{"class":97},[73,118484,343],{"class":93},[73,118486,140],{"class":83},[73,118488,337],{"class":93},[73,118490,76272],{"class":97},[73,118492,343],{"class":93},[73,118494,140],{"class":83},[73,118496,337],{"class":93},[73,118498,60714],{"class":97},[73,118500,343],{"class":93},[73,118502,140],{"class":83},[73,118504,337],{"class":93},[73,118506,20],{"class":97},[73,118508,343],{"class":93},[73,118510,140],{"class":83},[73,118512,337],{"class":93},[73,118514,63528],{"class":97},[73,118516,343],{"class":93},[73,118518,140],{"class":83},[73,118520,337],{"class":93},[73,118522,12256],{"class":97},[73,118524,343],{"class":93},[73,118526,924],{"class":83},[403,118528,29732],{"id":16114},[20,118530,63781,118531,118533],{},[15,118532,74666],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[64,118535,118537],{"className":66,"code":118536,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118538,118539,118591],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,118540,118541,118543,118545,118547,118549,118551,118553,118555,118557,118559,118561,118563,118565,118567,118569,118571,118573,118575,118577,118579,118581,118583,118585,118587,118589],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,118542,13715],{"class":216},[73,118544,221],{"class":220},[73,118546,10997],{"class":83},[73,118548,94],{"class":93},[73,118550,8177],{"class":97},[73,118552,94],{"class":93},[73,118554,1063],{"class":83},[73,118556,224],{"class":93},[73,118558,13391],{"class":97},[73,118560,94],{"class":93},[73,118562,140],{"class":83},[73,118564,224],{"class":93},[73,118566,9804],{"class":97},[73,118568,94],{"class":93},[73,118570,1063],{"class":83},[73,118572,8300],{"class":116},[73,118574,140],{"class":83},[73,118576,224],{"class":93},[73,118578,10915],{"class":97},[73,118580,94],{"class":93},[73,118582,1063],{"class":83},[73,118584,224],{"class":93},[73,118586,16541],{"class":97},[73,118588,94],{"class":93},[73,118590,9814],{"class":83},[73,118592,118593,118595,118597,118599,118601,118603],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,118594,80],{"class":79},[73,118596,84],{"class":83},[73,118598,74756],{"class":79},[73,118600,84],{"class":83},[73,118602,17818],{"class":245},[73,118604,102],{"class":83},[20,118606,148],{},[64,118608,118610],{"className":66,"code":118609,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118611,118612],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,118613,118614,118616,118618,118620,118622,118624,118626,118628,118630,118632,118634,118636,118638],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,118615,4410],{"class":83},[73,118617,343],{"class":93},[73,118619,9804],{"class":97},[73,118621,343],{"class":93},[73,118623,140],{"class":83},[73,118625,337],{"class":93},[73,118627,10915],{"class":97},[73,118629,343],{"class":93},[73,118631,140],{"class":83},[73,118633,337],{"class":93},[73,118635,8177],{"class":97},[73,118637,343],{"class":93},[73,118639,924],{"class":83},[59,118641,657,118643],{"id":118642},"using-reversetrue",[15,118644,78333],{},[20,118646,171,118647,118649],{},[15,118648,78333],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[64,118651,118653],{"className":66,"code":118652,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118654,118655,118675,118679,118693],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,118656,118657,118659,118661,118663,118665,118667,118669,118671,118673],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,118658,4134],{"class":216},[73,118660,221],{"class":220},[73,118662,891],{"class":83},[73,118664,1304],{"class":116},[73,118666,140],{"class":83},[73,118668,2085],{"class":116},[73,118670,140],{"class":83},[73,118672,143],{"class":116},[73,118674,924],{"class":83},[73,118676,118677],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,118678,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,118680,118681,118683,118685,118687,118689,118691],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,118682,80],{"class":79},[73,118684,84],{"class":83},[73,118686,74756],{"class":79},[73,118688,84],{"class":83},[73,118690,4164],{"class":245},[73,118692,102],{"class":83},[73,118694,118695,118697,118699,118701,118703,118705,118707,118709,118711,118713],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,118696,80],{"class":79},[73,118698,84],{"class":83},[73,118700,74756],{"class":79},[73,118702,84],{"class":83},[73,118704,4164],{"class":245},[73,118706,140],{"class":83},[73,118708,78312],{"class":9682},[73,118710,221],{"class":220},[73,118712,430],{"class":484},[73,118714,102],{"class":83},[20,118716,148],{},[64,118718,118720],{"className":66,"code":118719,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118721,118722,118738],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,118723,118724,118726,118728,118730,118732,118734,118736],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,118725,4410],{"class":83},[73,118727,2397],{"class":116},[73,118729,140],{"class":83},[73,118731,143],{"class":116},[73,118733,140],{"class":83},[73,118735,2982],{"class":116},[73,118737,924],{"class":83},[73,118739,118740,118742,118744,118746,118748,118750,118752],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,118741,4410],{"class":83},[73,118743,1304],{"class":116},[73,118745,140],{"class":83},[73,118747,143],{"class":116},[73,118749,140],{"class":83},[73,118751,2085],{"class":116},[73,118753,924],{"class":83},[20,118755,118756],{},"This also works with strings:",[64,118758,118760],{"className":66,"code":118759,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118761,118762,118794,118798,118812],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,118763,118764,118766,118768,118770,118772,118774,118776,118778,118780,118782,118784,118786,118788,118790,118792],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,118765,4581],{"class":216},[73,118767,221],{"class":220},[73,118769,891],{"class":83},[73,118771,94],{"class":93},[73,118773,4590],{"class":97},[73,118775,94],{"class":93},[73,118777,140],{"class":83},[73,118779,224],{"class":93},[73,118781,4599],{"class":97},[73,118783,94],{"class":93},[73,118785,140],{"class":83},[73,118787,224],{"class":93},[73,118789,4608],{"class":97},[73,118791,94],{"class":93},[73,118793,924],{"class":83},[73,118795,118796],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,118797,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,118799,118800,118802,118804,118806,118808,118810],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,118801,80],{"class":79},[73,118803,84],{"class":83},[73,118805,74756],{"class":79},[73,118807,84],{"class":83},[73,118809,4625],{"class":245},[73,118811,102],{"class":83},[73,118813,118814,118816,118818,118820,118822,118824,118826,118828,118830,118832],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,118815,80],{"class":79},[73,118817,84],{"class":83},[73,118819,74756],{"class":79},[73,118821,84],{"class":83},[73,118823,4625],{"class":245},[73,118825,140],{"class":83},[73,118827,78312],{"class":9682},[73,118829,221],{"class":220},[73,118831,430],{"class":484},[73,118833,102],{"class":83},[20,118835,148],{},[64,118837,118838],{"className":66,"code":74400,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,118839,118840,118868],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,118841,118842,118844,118846,118848,118850,118852,118854,118856,118858,118860,118862,118864,118866],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,118843,4410],{"class":83},[73,118845,343],{"class":93},[73,118847,4590],{"class":97},[73,118849,343],{"class":93},[73,118851,140],{"class":83},[73,118853,337],{"class":93},[73,118855,4599],{"class":97},[73,118857,343],{"class":93},[73,118859,140],{"class":83},[73,118861,337],{"class":93},[73,118863,4608],{"class":97},[73,118865,343],{"class":93},[73,118867,924],{"class":83},[73,118869,118870,118872,118874,118876,118878,118880,118882,118884,118886,118888,118890,118892,118894],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,118871,4410],{"class":83},[73,118873,343],{"class":93},[73,118875,4608],{"class":97},[73,118877,343],{"class":93},[73,118879,140],{"class":83},[73,118881,337],{"class":93},[73,118883,4599],{"class":97},[73,118885,343],{"class":93},[73,118887,140],{"class":83},[73,118889,337],{"class":93},[73,118891,4590],{"class":97},[73,118893,343],{"class":93},[73,118895,924],{"class":83},[59,118897,657,118899,118902],{"id":118898},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118900,118901],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118904,1580,118905,118907],{},[15,118906,118901],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118909,118910],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118912,118913],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[64,118915,118917],{"className":66,"code":118916,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118918,118919,118959,118963,118985],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,118920,118921,118923,118925,118927,118929,118931,118933,118935,118937,118939,118941,118943,118945,118947,118949,118951,118953,118955,118957],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,118922,4581],{"class":216},[73,118924,221],{"class":220},[73,118926,891],{"class":83},[73,118928,94],{"class":93},[73,118930,78986],{"class":97},[73,118932,94],{"class":93},[73,118934,140],{"class":83},[73,118936,224],{"class":93},[73,118938,38865],{"class":97},[73,118940,94],{"class":93},[73,118942,140],{"class":83},[73,118944,224],{"class":93},[73,118946,4599],{"class":97},[73,118948,94],{"class":93},[73,118950,140],{"class":83},[73,118952,224],{"class":93},[73,118954,38848],{"class":97},[73,118956,94],{"class":93},[73,118958,924],{"class":83},[73,118960,118961],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,118962,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,118964,118965,118967,118969,118971,118973,118975,118977,118979,118981,118983],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,118966,2766],{"class":216},[73,118968,221],{"class":220},[73,118970,74800],{"class":79},[73,118972,84],{"class":83},[73,118974,4625],{"class":245},[73,118976,140],{"class":83},[73,118978,22092],{"class":9682},[73,118980,221],{"class":220},[73,118982,11670],{"class":79},[73,118984,249],{"class":83},[73,118986,118987,118989,118991,118993],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,118988,80],{"class":79},[73,118990,84],{"class":83},[73,118992,2800],{"class":245},[73,118994,249],{"class":83},[20,118996,148],{},[64,118998,119000],{"className":66,"code":118999,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,119001,119002],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,119003,119004,119006,119008,119010,119012,119014,119016,119018,119020,119022,119024,119026,119028,119030,119032,119034,119036],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,119005,4410],{"class":83},[73,119007,343],{"class":93},[73,119009,38865],{"class":97},[73,119011,343],{"class":93},[73,119013,140],{"class":83},[73,119015,337],{"class":93},[73,119017,78986],{"class":97},[73,119019,343],{"class":93},[73,119021,140],{"class":83},[73,119023,337],{"class":93},[73,119025,38848],{"class":97},[73,119027,343],{"class":93},[73,119029,140],{"class":83},[73,119031,337],{"class":93},[73,119033,4599],{"class":97},[73,119035,343],{"class":93},[73,119037,924],{"class":83},[20,119039,21283,119040,119042],{},[15,119041,11670],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,119044,119045],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[64,119047,119049],{"className":66,"code":119048,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,119050,119051,119084,119088,119114],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,119052,119053,119055,119057,119059,119061,119063,119065,119067,119069,119071,119073,119075,119077,119080,119082],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,119054,4581],{"class":216},[73,119056,221],{"class":220},[73,119058,891],{"class":83},[73,119060,94],{"class":93},[73,119062,83605],{"class":97},[73,119064,94],{"class":93},[73,119066,140],{"class":83},[73,119068,224],{"class":93},[73,119070,4590],{"class":97},[73,119072,94],{"class":93},[73,119074,140],{"class":83},[73,119076,224],{"class":93},[73,119078,119079],{"class":97},"Cherry",[73,119081,94],{"class":93},[73,119083,924],{"class":83},[73,119085,119086],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,119087,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,119089,119090,119092,119094,119096,119098,119100,119102,119104,119106,119108,119110,119112],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,119091,2766],{"class":216},[73,119093,221],{"class":220},[73,119095,74800],{"class":79},[73,119097,84],{"class":83},[73,119099,4625],{"class":245},[73,119101,140],{"class":83},[73,119103,22092],{"class":9682},[73,119105,221],{"class":220},[73,119107,340],{"class":87},[73,119109,653],{"class":83},[73,119111,9148],{"class":25260},[73,119113,249],{"class":83},[73,119115,119116,119118,119120,119122],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,119117,80],{"class":79},[73,119119,84],{"class":83},[73,119121,2800],{"class":245},[73,119123,249],{"class":83},[20,119125,148],{},[64,119127,119129],{"className":66,"code":119128,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,119130,119131],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,119132,119133,119135,119137,119139,119141,119143,119145,119147,119149,119151,119153,119155,119157],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,119134,4410],{"class":83},[73,119136,343],{"class":93},[73,119138,4590],{"class":97},[73,119140,343],{"class":93},[73,119142,140],{"class":83},[73,119144,337],{"class":93},[73,119146,83605],{"class":97},[73,119148,343],{"class":93},[73,119150,140],{"class":83},[73,119152,337],{"class":93},[73,119154,119079],{"class":97},[73,119156,343],{"class":93},[73,119158,924],{"class":83},[20,119160,119161,119162,35836,119164,653],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,119163,42855],{},[646,119165,13,119166,2422],{"href":42852},[15,119167,42855],{},[59,119169,119171,11092,119173],{"id":119170},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,119172,74666],{},[15,119174,78109],{},[20,119176,119177],{},"The main difference is this:",[33,119179,119180,119185],{},[36,119181,119182,119184],{},[15,119183,74666],{}," returns a new list",[36,119186,119187,74204],{},[15,119188,78109],{},[20,119190,119191],{},"Also:",[33,119193,119194,119199],{},[36,119195,119196,119198],{},[15,119197,74666],{}," works with many iterables",[36,119200,119201,79542],{},[15,119202,78109],{},[20,119204,171,119205,11108],{},[15,119206,74666],{},[33,119208,119209,119212],{},[36,119210,119211],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[36,119213,119214],{},"your data is not a list",[20,119216,119217,119218,653],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[646,119219,13,119220,11092,119222,6295],{"href":79367},[15,119221,74666],{},[15,119223,78109],{},[59,119225,119227],{"id":119226},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,119229,119230,119231,653],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,119232,74666],{},[403,119234,119236],{"id":119235},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,119238,119239,119240,1063],{},"This can raise a ",[15,119241,1630],{},[64,119243,119245],{"className":66,"code":119244,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,119246,119247,119271],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,119248,119249,119251,119253,119255,119257,119259,119261,119263,119265,119267,119269],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,119250,886],{"class":216},[73,119252,221],{"class":220},[73,119254,891],{"class":83},[73,119256,2397],{"class":116},[73,119258,140],{"class":83},[73,119260,224],{"class":93},[73,119262,530],{"class":97},[73,119264,94],{"class":93},[73,119266,140],{"class":83},[73,119268,2982],{"class":116},[73,119270,924],{"class":83},[73,119272,119273,119275,119277,119279,119281,119283],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,119274,80],{"class":79},[73,119276,84],{"class":83},[73,119278,74756],{"class":79},[73,119280,84],{"class":83},[73,119282,5871],{"class":245},[73,119284,102],{"class":83},[20,119286,119287],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[403,119289,119291,119292,652],{"id":119290},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,119293,15350],{},[20,119295,119296],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,119298,206],{},[64,119300,119302],{"className":66,"code":119301,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,119303,119304,119324],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,119305,119306,119308,119310,119312,119314,119316,119318,119320,119322],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,119307,4134],{"class":216},[73,119309,221],{"class":220},[73,119311,891],{"class":83},[73,119313,452],{"class":116},[73,119315,140],{"class":83},[73,119317,143],{"class":116},[73,119319,140],{"class":83},[73,119321,8305],{"class":116},[73,119323,924],{"class":83},[73,119325,119326,119328,119330,119332,119334,119336,119338,119340,119342,119344],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,119327,80],{"class":79},[73,119329,84],{"class":83},[73,119331,74756],{"class":79},[73,119333,84],{"class":83},[73,119335,4164],{"class":245},[73,119337,140],{"class":83},[73,119339,22092],{"class":9682},[73,119341,221],{"class":220},[73,119343,11670],{"class":79},[73,119345,102],{"class":83},[20,119347,2189,119348,119350],{},[15,119349,42855],{}," does not work on integers.",[403,119352,119354],{"id":119353},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,119356,119357],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[64,119359,119361],{"className":66,"code":119360,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119362,119363,119383,119393,119397],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,119364,119365,119367,119369,119371,119373,119375,119377,119379,119381],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,119366,4134],{"class":216},[73,119368,221],{"class":220},[73,119370,891],{"class":83},[73,119372,1304],{"class":116},[73,119374,140],{"class":83},[73,119376,2085],{"class":116},[73,119378,140],{"class":83},[73,119380,143],{"class":116},[73,119382,924],{"class":83},[73,119384,119385,119387,119389,119391],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,119386,74756],{"class":79},[73,119388,84],{"class":83},[73,119390,4164],{"class":245},[73,119392,249],{"class":83},[73,119394,119395],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,119396,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,119398,119399,119401,119403,119405],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,119400,80],{"class":79},[73,119402,84],{"class":83},[73,119404,4164],{"class":245},[73,119406,249],{"class":83},[20,119408,148],{},[64,119410,119412],{"className":66,"code":119411,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,119413,119414],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,119415,119416,119418,119420,119422,119424,119426,119428],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,119417,4410],{"class":83},[73,119419,1304],{"class":116},[73,119421,140],{"class":83},[73,119423,2085],{"class":116},[73,119425,140],{"class":83},[73,119427,143],{"class":116},[73,119429,924],{"class":83},[20,119431,119432],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[59,119434,2102],{"id":2101},[33,119436,119437,119441,119444,119449,119453],{},[36,119438,5092,119439,74204],{},[15,119440,74666],{},[36,119442,119443],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[36,119445,5217,119446,119448],{},[15,119447,74666],{}," always returns a list",[36,119450,657,119451,23613],{},[15,119452,118901],{},[36,119454,30159,119455,119457,119458],{},[15,119456,64553],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119459,74666],{},[20,119461,119462],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[64,119464,119466],{"className":66,"code":119465,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119467,119468,119490,119516,119554],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,119469,119470,119472,119474,119476,119478,119480,119482,119484,119486,119488],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,119471,80],{"class":79},[73,119473,84],{"class":83},[73,119475,74756],{"class":79},[73,119477,3510],{"class":83},[73,119479,1304],{"class":116},[73,119481,140],{"class":83},[73,119483,2085],{"class":116},[73,119485,140],{"class":83},[73,119487,143],{"class":116},[73,119489,3523],{"class":83},[73,119491,119492,119494,119496,119498,119500,119502,119504,119506,119508,119510,119512,119514],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,119493,80],{"class":79},[73,119495,84],{"class":83},[73,119497,288],{"class":87},[73,119499,84],{"class":83},[73,119501,74756],{"class":79},[73,119503,6023],{"class":83},[73,119505,1304],{"class":116},[73,119507,140],{"class":83},[73,119509,2085],{"class":116},[73,119511,140],{"class":83},[73,119513,143],{"class":116},[73,119515,93609],{"class":83},[73,119517,119518,119520,119522,119524,119526,119528,119530,119532,119534,119536,119538,119540,119542,119544,119546,119548,119550,119552],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,119519,80],{"class":79},[73,119521,84],{"class":83},[73,119523,74756],{"class":79},[73,119525,3510],{"class":83},[73,119527,343],{"class":93},[73,119529,83605],{"class":97},[73,119531,343],{"class":93},[73,119533,140],{"class":83},[73,119535,337],{"class":93},[73,119537,4590],{"class":97},[73,119539,343],{"class":93},[73,119541,18574],{"class":83},[73,119543,22092],{"class":9682},[73,119545,221],{"class":220},[73,119547,340],{"class":87},[73,119549,653],{"class":83},[73,119551,9148],{"class":25260},[73,119553,102],{"class":83},[73,119555,119556,119558,119560,119562,119564,119566,119568,119570,119572,119574,119576,119578,119580,119582],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,119557,80],{"class":79},[73,119559,84],{"class":83},[73,119561,74756],{"class":79},[73,119563,3510],{"class":83},[73,119565,1304],{"class":116},[73,119567,140],{"class":83},[73,119569,2085],{"class":116},[73,119571,140],{"class":83},[73,119573,143],{"class":116},[73,119575,18574],{"class":83},[73,119577,78312],{"class":9682},[73,119579,221],{"class":220},[73,119581,430],{"class":484},[73,119583,102],{"class":83},[20,119585,119586,119587,653],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[646,119588,53010],{"href":51217},[59,119590,2350],{"id":2349},[403,119592,2354,119594,57403],{"id":119593},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119595,74666],{},[20,119597,119598],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[403,119600,2387,119602,2391],{"id":119601},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119603,74666],{},[20,119605,119606],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[403,119608,119610,119611,11600,119613,3023],{"id":119609},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119612,74666],{},[15,119614,78109],{},[20,119616,171,119617,119619],{},[15,119618,74666],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[403,119621,2387,119623,86693,119625,3023],{"id":119622},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119624,118901],{},[15,119626,74666],{},[20,119628,119629],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[403,119631,2367,119633,119635,119636,3023],{"id":119632},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119634,74666],{}," give a ",[15,119637,1630],{},[20,119639,119640],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[59,119642,2413],{"id":2412},[33,119644,119645,119649,119657,119661,119667,119673],{},[36,119646,119647],{},[646,119648,80115],{"href":78618},[36,119650,119651],{},[646,119652,13,119653,11092,119655,6295],{"href":79367},[15,119654,74666],{},[15,119656,78109],{},[36,119658,119659],{},[646,119660,53010],{"href":51217},[36,119662,119663],{},[646,119664,13,119665,2422],{"href":42852},[15,119666,42855],{},[36,119668,119669],{},[646,119670,13,119671,2422],{"href":92265},[15,119672,36255],{},[36,119674,119675],{},[646,119676,13,119677,2422],{"href":36702},[15,119678,36705],{},[2459,119680,119681],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":119683},[119684,119685,119687,119690,119691,119698,119700,119702,119704,119710,119711,119723],{"id":4123,"depth":105,"text":4124},{"id":117964,"depth":105,"text":119686},"What sorted() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370,"children":119688},[119689],{"id":17905,"depth":122,"text":17906},{"id":11984,"depth":105,"text":11985},{"id":118203,"depth":105,"text":118204,"children":119692},[119693,119694,119695,119696,119697],{"id":8604,"depth":122,"text":118212},{"id":49190,"depth":122,"text":118276},{"id":6798,"depth":122,"text":118373},{"id":61415,"depth":122,"text":118437},{"id":16114,"depth":122,"text":29732},{"id":118642,"depth":105,"text":119699},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118898,"depth":105,"text":119701},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":119170,"depth":105,"text":119703},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":119226,"depth":105,"text":119227,"children":119705},[119706,119707,119709],{"id":119235,"depth":122,"text":119236},{"id":119290,"depth":122,"text":119708},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119353,"depth":122,"text":119354},{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":119712},[119713,119715,119717,119719,119721],{"id":119593,"depth":122,"text":119714},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119601,"depth":122,"text":119716},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119609,"depth":122,"text":119718},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119622,"depth":122,"text":119720},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119632,"depth":122,"text":119722},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117866,"description":119724},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119731,"title":119732,"body":119733,"description":121844,"extension":2511,"meta":121845,"navigation":254,"path":79367,"seo":121846,"stem":121847,"__hash__":121848},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119734,"toc":121791},[119735,119742,119745,119755,119761,119764,119782,119790,119792,119851,119859,119863,119885,119889,119893,119895,119912,119914,119926,119932,120016,120020,120067,120073,120080,120084,120089,120091,120103,120108,120161,120165,120185,120192,120199,120203,120206,120225,120229,120343,120347,120417,120419,120431,120436,120440,120453,120457,120532,120536,120575,120582,120588,120593,120597,120611,120615,120680,120684,120717,120720,120725,120733,120740,120753,120756,120760,120843,120847,120884,120888,120991,120995,121056,121061,121068,121072,121075,121081,121084,121151,121155,121179,121181,121199,121206,121259,121263,121283,121289,121291,121348,121355,121381,121386,121391,121399,121405,121465,121469,121516,121519,121521,121524,121550,121553,121646,121648,121668,121672,121675,121693,121699,121701,121709,121714,121721,121724,121730,121733,121739,121747,121755,121760,121762,121788],[10,119736,13,119738,11092,119740,93323],{"id":119737},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119739,74666],{},[15,119741,78109],{},[20,119743,119744],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[33,119746,119747,119751],{},[36,119748,119749],{},[15,119750,74666],{},[36,119752,119753],{},[15,119754,78109],{},[20,119756,119757,119758,119760],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[1194,119759,1196],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119762,119763],{},"The main difference is simple:",[33,119765,119766,119774],{},[36,119767,171,119768,119770,119771],{},[15,119769,74666],{}," when you want a ",[1194,119772,119773],{},"new sorted result",[36,119775,171,119776,119778,119779],{},[15,119777,78109],{}," when you want to ",[1194,119780,119781],{},"change the original list",[20,119783,119784,119785,2928,119787,119789],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119786,78109],{},[15,119788,1842],{}," and causes confusion.",[59,119791,4124],{"id":4123},[64,119793,119795],{"className":66,"code":119794,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119796,119797,119817,119821,119838],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,119798,119799,119801,119803,119805,119807,119809,119811,119813,119815],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,119800,4134],{"class":216},[73,119802,221],{"class":220},[73,119804,891],{"class":83},[73,119806,1304],{"class":116},[73,119808,140],{"class":83},[73,119810,2085],{"class":116},[73,119812,140],{"class":83},[73,119814,143],{"class":116},[73,119816,924],{"class":83},[73,119818,119819],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,119820,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,119822,119823,119825,119827,119829,119831,119833,119835],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,119824,56129],{"class":216},[73,119826,221],{"class":220},[73,119828,74800],{"class":79},[73,119830,84],{"class":83},[73,119832,4164],{"class":245},[73,119834,4177],{"class":83},[73,119836,119837],{"class":769},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[73,119839,119840,119842,119844,119846,119848],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,119841,4164],{"class":216},[73,119843,653],{"class":83},[73,119845,35305],{"class":245},[73,119847,1052],{"class":83},[73,119849,119850],{"class":769},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119852,171,119853,119855,119856,119858],{},[15,119854,74666],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119857,78109],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[59,119860,119862],{"id":119861},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[33,119864,119865,119870,119875,119882],{},[36,119866,171,119867,119869],{},[15,119868,74666],{}," to get a new sorted list",[36,119871,171,119872,119874],{},[15,119873,78109],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[36,119876,119877,119878,2928,119880],{},"Understand why ",[15,119879,78109],{},[15,119881,1842],{},[36,119883,119884],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[59,119886,178,119887,181],{"id":117964},[15,119888,74666],{},[20,119890,119891,63167],{},[15,119892,74666],{},[20,119894,49164],{},[33,119896,119897,119903,119909],{},[36,119898,119899,119900],{},"returns a ",[1194,119901,119902],{},"new list",[36,119904,119905,119906,119908],{},"does ",[1194,119907,1196],{}," change the original data",[36,119910,119911],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119913,51371],{},[33,119915,119916,119918,119920,119922,119924],{},[36,119917,5812],{},[36,119919,5815],{},[36,119921,5821],{},[36,119923,5818],{},[36,119925,36416],{},[403,119927,35584,119929,119931],{"id":119928},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119930,74666],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[64,119933,119935],{"className":66,"code":119934,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119936,119937,119957,119961,119975,119979,119997],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,119938,119939,119941,119943,119945,119947,119949,119951,119953,119955],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,119940,4134],{"class":216},[73,119942,221],{"class":220},[73,119944,891],{"class":83},[73,119946,1304],{"class":116},[73,119948,140],{"class":83},[73,119950,2085],{"class":116},[73,119952,140],{"class":83},[73,119954,143],{"class":116},[73,119956,924],{"class":83},[73,119958,119959],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,119960,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,119962,119963,119965,119967,119969,119971,119973],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,119964,2766],{"class":216},[73,119966,221],{"class":220},[73,119968,74800],{"class":79},[73,119970,84],{"class":83},[73,119972,4164],{"class":245},[73,119974,249],{"class":83},[73,119976,119977],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,119978,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,119980,119981,119983,119985,119987,119989,119991,119993,119995],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,119982,80],{"class":79},[73,119984,84],{"class":83},[73,119986,94],{"class":93},[73,119988,12665],{"class":97},[73,119990,94],{"class":93},[73,119992,140],{"class":83},[73,119994,4775],{"class":245},[73,119996,249],{"class":83},[73,119998,119999,120001,120003,120005,120008,120010,120012,120014],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,120000,80],{"class":79},[73,120002,84],{"class":83},[73,120004,94],{"class":93},[73,120006,120007],{"class":97},"sorted result:",[73,120009,94],{"class":93},[73,120011,140],{"class":83},[73,120013,81459],{"class":245},[73,120015,249],{"class":83},[20,120017,120018],{},[1194,120019,148],{},[64,120021,120023],{"className":66,"code":120022,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,120024,120025,120045],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,120026,120027,120029,120031,120033,120035,120037,120039,120041,120043],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,120028,12644],{"class":216},[73,120030,1063],{"class":83},[73,120032,891],{"class":83},[73,120034,1304],{"class":116},[73,120036,140],{"class":83},[73,120038,2085],{"class":116},[73,120040,140],{"class":83},[73,120042,143],{"class":116},[73,120044,924],{"class":83},[73,120046,120047,120049,120051,120053,120055,120057,120059,120061,120063,120065],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,120048,74756],{"class":79},[73,120050,81459],{"class":216},[73,120052,1063],{"class":83},[73,120054,891],{"class":83},[73,120056,2397],{"class":116},[73,120058,140],{"class":83},[73,120060,143],{"class":116},[73,120062,140],{"class":83},[73,120064,2982],{"class":116},[73,120066,924],{"class":83},[20,120068,120069,120070,120072],{},"The important part is that ",[15,120071,4164],{}," stays the same.",[20,120074,120075,120076,653],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[646,120077,13,120078,2422],{"href":74763},[15,120079,74666],{},[59,120081,178,120082,181],{"id":78175},[15,120083,78109],{},[20,120085,120086,120088],{},[15,120087,64553],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,120090,49164],{},[33,120092,120093,120096,120099],{},[36,120094,120095],{},"changes the original list directly",[36,120097,120098],{},"only works on lists",[36,120100,4206,120101],{},[15,120102,1842],{},[403,120104,35584,120106,74204],{"id":120105},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,120107,78109],{},[64,120109,120111],{"className":66,"code":120110,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120112,120113,120133,120137,120147,120151],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,120114,120115,120117,120119,120121,120123,120125,120127,120129,120131],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,120116,4134],{"class":216},[73,120118,221],{"class":220},[73,120120,891],{"class":83},[73,120122,1304],{"class":116},[73,120124,140],{"class":83},[73,120126,2085],{"class":116},[73,120128,140],{"class":83},[73,120130,143],{"class":116},[73,120132,924],{"class":83},[73,120134,120135],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,120136,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,120138,120139,120141,120143,120145],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,120140,4164],{"class":216},[73,120142,653],{"class":83},[73,120144,35305],{"class":245},[73,120146,9151],{"class":83},[73,120148,120149],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,120150,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,120152,120153,120155,120157,120159],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,120154,80],{"class":79},[73,120156,84],{"class":83},[73,120158,4164],{"class":245},[73,120160,249],{"class":83},[20,120162,120163],{},[1194,120164,148],{},[64,120166,120167],{"className":66,"code":55389,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,120168,120169],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,120170,120171,120173,120175,120177,120179,120181,120183],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,120172,4410],{"class":83},[73,120174,2397],{"class":116},[73,120176,140],{"class":83},[73,120178,143],{"class":116},[73,120180,140],{"class":83},[73,120182,2982],{"class":116},[73,120184,924],{"class":83},[20,120186,120187,120188,120191],{},"After calling ",[15,120189,120190],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,120193,120194,120195,653],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[646,120196,13,120197,11248],{"href":75017},[15,120198,78109],{},[59,120200,120202],{"id":120201},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,120204,120205],{},"Here is the core difference:",[33,120207,120208,120217],{},[36,120209,120210,120213,120214],{},[15,120211,120212],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[1194,120215,120216],{},"new sorted list",[36,120218,120219,120222,120223,74574],{},[15,120220,120221],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,120224,8848],{},[403,120226,120228],{"id":120227},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[64,120230,120232],{"className":66,"code":120231,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,120233,120234,120254,120258,120272,120291,120310,120314,120324],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,120235,120236,120238,120240,120242,120244,120246,120248,120250,120252],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,120237,4134],{"class":216},[73,120239,221],{"class":220},[73,120241,891],{"class":83},[73,120243,688],{"class":116},[73,120245,140],{"class":83},[73,120247,143],{"class":116},[73,120249,140],{"class":83},[73,120251,2988],{"class":116},[73,120253,924],{"class":83},[73,120255,120256],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,120257,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,120259,120260,120262,120264,120266,120268,120270],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,120261,3086],{"class":216},[73,120263,221],{"class":220},[73,120265,74800],{"class":79},[73,120267,84],{"class":83},[73,120269,4164],{"class":245},[73,120271,249],{"class":83},[73,120273,120274,120276,120278,120280,120283,120285,120287,120289],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,120275,80],{"class":79},[73,120277,84],{"class":83},[73,120279,94],{"class":93},[73,120281,120282],{"class":97},"numbers after sorted():",[73,120284,94],{"class":93},[73,120286,140],{"class":83},[73,120288,4775],{"class":245},[73,120290,249],{"class":83},[73,120292,120293,120295,120297,120299,120302,120304,120306,120308],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,120294,80],{"class":79},[73,120296,84],{"class":83},[73,120298,94],{"class":93},[73,120300,120301],{"class":97},"a:",[73,120303,94],{"class":93},[73,120305,140],{"class":83},[73,120307,57127],{"class":245},[73,120309,249],{"class":83},[73,120311,120312],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,120313,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,120315,120316,120318,120320,120322],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,120317,4164],{"class":216},[73,120319,653],{"class":83},[73,120321,35305],{"class":245},[73,120323,9151],{"class":83},[73,120325,120326,120328,120330,120332,120335,120337,120339,120341],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,120327,80],{"class":79},[73,120329,84],{"class":83},[73,120331,94],{"class":93},[73,120333,120334],{"class":97},"numbers after sort():",[73,120336,94],{"class":93},[73,120338,140],{"class":83},[73,120340,4775],{"class":245},[73,120342,249],{"class":83},[20,120344,120345],{},[1194,120346,148],{},[64,120348,120350],{"className":66,"code":120349,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,120351,120352,120375,120395],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,120353,120354,120357,120359,120361,120363,120365,120367,120369,120371,120373],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,120355,120356],{"class":216},"numbers after ",[73,120358,74756],{"class":79},[73,120360,30093],{"class":83},[73,120362,891],{"class":83},[73,120364,688],{"class":116},[73,120366,140],{"class":83},[73,120368,143],{"class":116},[73,120370,140],{"class":83},[73,120372,2988],{"class":116},[73,120374,924],{"class":83},[73,120376,120377,120379,120381,120383,120385,120387,120389,120391,120393],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,120378,646],{"class":216},[73,120380,1063],{"class":83},[73,120382,891],{"class":83},[73,120384,530],{"class":116},[73,120386,140],{"class":83},[73,120388,2988],{"class":116},[73,120390,140],{"class":83},[73,120392,5118],{"class":116},[73,120394,924],{"class":83},[73,120396,120397,120399,120401,120403,120405,120407,120409,120411,120413,120415],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,120398,120356],{"class":216},[73,120400,35305],{"class":245},[73,120402,30093],{"class":83},[73,120404,891],{"class":83},[73,120406,530],{"class":116},[73,120408,140],{"class":83},[73,120410,2988],{"class":116},[73,120412,140],{"class":83},[73,120414,5118],{"class":116},[73,120416,924],{"class":83},[20,120418,11220],{},[33,120420,120421,120426],{},[36,120422,120423,120425],{},[15,120424,74666],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[36,120427,120428,120430],{},[15,120429,64553],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[59,120432,1999,120434],{"id":120433},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120435,74666],{},[20,120437,171,120438,11108],{},[15,120439,74666],{},[33,120441,120442,120445,120447,120450],{},[36,120443,120444],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[36,120446,119214],{},[36,120448,120449],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[36,120451,120452],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[403,120454,120456],{"id":120455},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[64,120458,120460],{"className":66,"code":120459,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120461,120462,120486,120490,120504,120508,120518],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,120463,120464,120466,120468,120470,120472,120474,120476,120478,120480,120482,120484],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,120465,4134],{"class":216},[73,120467,221],{"class":220},[73,120469,9742],{"class":83},[73,120471,3036],{"class":116},[73,120473,140],{"class":83},[73,120475,2085],{"class":116},[73,120477,140],{"class":83},[73,120479,2982],{"class":116},[73,120481,140],{"class":83},[73,120483,143],{"class":116},[73,120485,249],{"class":83},[73,120487,120488],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,120489,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,120491,120492,120494,120496,120498,120500,120502],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,120493,2766],{"class":216},[73,120495,221],{"class":220},[73,120497,74800],{"class":79},[73,120499,84],{"class":83},[73,120501,4164],{"class":245},[73,120503,249],{"class":83},[73,120505,120506],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,120507,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,120509,120510,120512,120514,120516],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,120511,80],{"class":79},[73,120513,84],{"class":83},[73,120515,2800],{"class":245},[73,120517,249],{"class":83},[73,120519,120520,120522,120524,120526,120528,120530],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,120521,80],{"class":79},[73,120523,84],{"class":83},[73,120525,288],{"class":87},[73,120527,84],{"class":83},[73,120529,2800],{"class":245},[73,120531,102],{"class":83},[20,120533,120534],{},[1194,120535,148],{},[64,120537,120539],{"className":66,"code":120538,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120540,120541,120561],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,120542,120543,120545,120547,120549,120551,120553,120555,120557,120559],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,120544,4410],{"class":83},[73,120546,2397],{"class":116},[73,120548,140],{"class":83},[73,120550,143],{"class":116},[73,120552,140],{"class":83},[73,120554,2982],{"class":116},[73,120556,140],{"class":83},[73,120558,2988],{"class":116},[73,120560,924],{"class":83},[73,120562,120563,120565,120567,120569,120571,120573],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,120564,330],{"class":220},[73,120566,334],{"class":333},[73,120568,337],{"class":93},[73,120570,8604],{"class":97},[73,120572,343],{"class":93},[73,120574,346],{"class":220},[20,120576,2822,120577,120579,120580,653],{},[15,120578,74666],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[1194,120581,8604],{},[20,120583,120584,120585,120587],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[646,120586,53010],{"href":51217}," is a helpful next step.",[59,120589,1999,120591],{"id":120590},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120592,78109],{},[20,120594,171,120595,11108],{},[15,120596,78109],{},[33,120598,120599,120602,120605,120608],{},[36,120600,120601],{},"you already have a list",[36,120603,120604],{},"you want to update that list directly",[36,120606,120607],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[36,120609,120610],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[403,120612,120614],{"id":120613},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[64,120616,120618],{"className":66,"code":120617,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120619,120620,120652,120656,120666,120670],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,120621,120622,120624,120626,120628,120630,120632,120634,120636,120638,120640,120642,120644,120646,120648,120650],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,120623,5508],{"class":216},[73,120625,221],{"class":220},[73,120627,891],{"class":83},[73,120629,94],{"class":93},[73,120631,5535],{"class":97},[73,120633,94],{"class":93},[73,120635,140],{"class":83},[73,120637,224],{"class":93},[73,120639,5517],{"class":97},[73,120641,94],{"class":93},[73,120643,140],{"class":83},[73,120645,224],{"class":93},[73,120647,5526],{"class":97},[73,120649,94],{"class":93},[73,120651,924],{"class":83},[73,120653,120654],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,120655,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,120657,120658,120660,120662,120664],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,120659,5552],{"class":216},[73,120661,653],{"class":83},[73,120663,35305],{"class":245},[73,120665,9151],{"class":83},[73,120667,120668],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,120669,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,120671,120672,120674,120676,120678],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,120673,80],{"class":79},[73,120675,84],{"class":83},[73,120677,5552],{"class":245},[73,120679,249],{"class":83},[20,120681,120682],{},[1194,120683,148],{},[64,120685,120687],{"className":66,"code":120686,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120688,120689],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,120690,120691,120693,120695,120697,120699,120701,120703,120705,120707,120709,120711,120713,120715],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,120692,4410],{"class":83},[73,120694,343],{"class":93},[73,120696,5517],{"class":97},[73,120698,343],{"class":93},[73,120700,140],{"class":83},[73,120702,337],{"class":93},[73,120704,5526],{"class":97},[73,120706,343],{"class":93},[73,120708,140],{"class":83},[73,120710,337],{"class":93},[73,120712,5535],{"class":97},[73,120714,343],{"class":93},[73,120716,924],{"class":83},[20,120718,120719],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120721,120722,120723,653],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[646,120724,80115],{"href":78618},[59,120726,120728,1647,120730,120732],{"id":120727},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120729,73819],{},[15,120731,15350],{}," work with both",[20,120734,11097,120735,1647,120737,120739],{},[15,120736,74666],{},[15,120738,78109],{}," support:",[33,120741,120742,120747],{},[36,120743,120744,120746],{},[15,120745,78333],{}," for descending order",[36,120748,120749,120752],{},[15,120750,120751],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120754,120755],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[403,120757,120759],{"id":120758},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[64,120761,120763],{"className":66,"code":120762,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120764,120765,120785,120789,120811,120815,120833],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,120766,120767,120769,120771,120773,120775,120777,120779,120781,120783],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,120768,4134],{"class":216},[73,120770,221],{"class":220},[73,120772,891],{"class":83},[73,120774,1304],{"class":116},[73,120776,140],{"class":83},[73,120778,2085],{"class":116},[73,120780,140],{"class":83},[73,120782,143],{"class":116},[73,120784,924],{"class":83},[73,120786,120787],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,120788,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,120790,120791,120793,120795,120797,120799,120801,120803,120805,120807,120809],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,120792,80],{"class":79},[73,120794,84],{"class":83},[73,120796,74756],{"class":79},[73,120798,84],{"class":83},[73,120800,4164],{"class":245},[73,120802,140],{"class":83},[73,120804,78312],{"class":9682},[73,120806,221],{"class":220},[73,120808,430],{"class":484},[73,120810,102],{"class":83},[73,120812,120813],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,120814,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,120816,120817,120819,120821,120823,120825,120827,120829,120831],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,120818,4164],{"class":216},[73,120820,653],{"class":83},[73,120822,35305],{"class":245},[73,120824,84],{"class":83},[73,120826,73819],{"class":9682},[73,120828,221],{"class":220},[73,120830,430],{"class":484},[73,120832,249],{"class":83},[73,120834,120835,120837,120839,120841],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,120836,80],{"class":79},[73,120838,84],{"class":83},[73,120840,4164],{"class":245},[73,120842,249],{"class":83},[20,120844,120845],{},[1194,120846,148],{},[64,120848,120850],{"className":66,"code":120849,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120851,120852,120868],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,120853,120854,120856,120858,120860,120862,120864,120866],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,120855,4410],{"class":83},[73,120857,1304],{"class":116},[73,120859,140],{"class":83},[73,120861,143],{"class":116},[73,120863,140],{"class":83},[73,120865,2085],{"class":116},[73,120867,924],{"class":83},[73,120869,120870,120872,120874,120876,120878,120880,120882],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,120871,4410],{"class":83},[73,120873,1304],{"class":116},[73,120875,140],{"class":83},[73,120877,143],{"class":116},[73,120879,140],{"class":83},[73,120881,2085],{"class":116},[73,120883,924],{"class":83},[403,120885,120887],{"id":120886},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[64,120889,120891],{"className":66,"code":120890,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120892,120893,120925,120929,120955,120959,120981],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,120894,120895,120897,120899,120901,120903,120905,120907,120909,120911,120913,120915,120917,120919,120921,120923],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,120896,4581],{"class":216},[73,120898,221],{"class":220},[73,120900,891],{"class":83},[73,120902,94],{"class":93},[73,120904,83605],{"class":97},[73,120906,94],{"class":93},[73,120908,140],{"class":83},[73,120910,224],{"class":93},[73,120912,4590],{"class":97},[73,120914,94],{"class":93},[73,120916,140],{"class":83},[73,120918,224],{"class":93},[73,120920,119079],{"class":97},[73,120922,94],{"class":93},[73,120924,924],{"class":83},[73,120926,120927],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,120928,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,120930,120931,120933,120935,120937,120939,120941,120943,120945,120947,120949,120951,120953],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,120932,80],{"class":79},[73,120934,84],{"class":83},[73,120936,74756],{"class":79},[73,120938,84],{"class":83},[73,120940,4625],{"class":245},[73,120942,140],{"class":83},[73,120944,22092],{"class":9682},[73,120946,221],{"class":220},[73,120948,340],{"class":87},[73,120950,653],{"class":83},[73,120952,9148],{"class":25260},[73,120954,102],{"class":83},[73,120956,120957],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,120958,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,120960,120961,120963,120965,120967,120969,120971,120973,120975,120977,120979],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,120962,4625],{"class":216},[73,120964,653],{"class":83},[73,120966,35305],{"class":245},[73,120968,84],{"class":83},[73,120970,15350],{"class":9682},[73,120972,221],{"class":220},[73,120974,340],{"class":87},[73,120976,653],{"class":83},[73,120978,9148],{"class":25260},[73,120980,249],{"class":83},[73,120982,120983,120985,120987,120989],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,120984,80],{"class":79},[73,120986,84],{"class":83},[73,120988,4625],{"class":245},[73,120990,249],{"class":83},[20,120992,120993],{},[1194,120994,148],{},[64,120996,120998],{"className":66,"code":120997,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120999,121000,121028],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,121001,121002,121004,121006,121008,121010,121012,121014,121016,121018,121020,121022,121024,121026],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,121003,4410],{"class":83},[73,121005,343],{"class":93},[73,121007,4590],{"class":97},[73,121009,343],{"class":93},[73,121011,140],{"class":83},[73,121013,337],{"class":93},[73,121015,83605],{"class":97},[73,121017,343],{"class":93},[73,121019,140],{"class":83},[73,121021,337],{"class":93},[73,121023,119079],{"class":97},[73,121025,343],{"class":93},[73,121027,924],{"class":83},[73,121029,121030,121032,121034,121036,121038,121040,121042,121044,121046,121048,121050,121052,121054],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,121031,4410],{"class":83},[73,121033,343],{"class":93},[73,121035,4590],{"class":97},[73,121037,343],{"class":93},[73,121039,140],{"class":83},[73,121041,337],{"class":93},[73,121043,83605],{"class":97},[73,121045,343],{"class":93},[73,121047,140],{"class":83},[73,121049,337],{"class":93},[73,121051,119079],{"class":97},[73,121053,343],{"class":93},[73,121055,924],{"class":83},[20,121057,657,121058,121060],{},[15,121059,78827],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,121062,121063,121064,653],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[646,121065,121067],{"href":121066},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[59,121069,121071],{"id":121070},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,121073,121074],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[403,121076,121078,121079,13109],{"id":121077},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,121080,78109],{},[20,121082,121083],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[64,121085,121087],{"className":66,"code":121086,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121088,121089,121109,121113,121127,121131,121141],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,121090,121091,121093,121095,121097,121099,121101,121103,121105,121107],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,121092,4134],{"class":216},[73,121094,221],{"class":220},[73,121096,891],{"class":83},[73,121098,1304],{"class":116},[73,121100,140],{"class":83},[73,121102,2085],{"class":116},[73,121104,140],{"class":83},[73,121106,143],{"class":116},[73,121108,924],{"class":83},[73,121110,121111],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,121112,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,121114,121115,121117,121119,121121,121123,121125],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,121116,2766],{"class":216},[73,121118,221],{"class":220},[73,121120,4775],{"class":216},[73,121122,653],{"class":83},[73,121124,35305],{"class":245},[73,121126,9151],{"class":83},[73,121128,121129],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,121130,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,121132,121133,121135,121137,121139],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,121134,80],{"class":79},[73,121136,84],{"class":83},[73,121138,2800],{"class":245},[73,121140,249],{"class":83},[73,121142,121143,121145,121147,121149],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,121144,80],{"class":79},[73,121146,84],{"class":83},[73,121148,4164],{"class":245},[73,121150,249],{"class":83},[20,121152,121153],{},[1194,121154,148],{},[64,121156,121157],{"className":66,"code":79450,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,121158,121159,121163],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,121160,121161],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,121162,12319],{"class":484},[73,121164,121165,121167,121169,121171,121173,121175,121177],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,121166,4410],{"class":83},[73,121168,2397],{"class":116},[73,121170,140],{"class":83},[73,121172,143],{"class":116},[73,121174,140],{"class":83},[73,121176,2982],{"class":116},[73,121178,924],{"class":83},[20,121180,12411],{},[33,121182,121183,121188,121193],{},[36,121184,121185,121187],{},[15,121186,120190],{}," sorts the list in place",[36,121189,35521,121190,121192],{},[1194,121191,1196],{}," return the sorted list",[36,121194,90229,121195,1301,121197],{},[15,121196,2800],{},[15,121198,1842],{},[403,121200,121202,121203,121205],{"id":121201},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,121204,74666],{}," to change the original list",[64,121207,121209],{"className":66,"code":121208,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121210,121211,121231,121235,121245,121249],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,121212,121213,121215,121217,121219,121221,121223,121225,121227,121229],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,121214,4134],{"class":216},[73,121216,221],{"class":220},[73,121218,891],{"class":83},[73,121220,1304],{"class":116},[73,121222,140],{"class":83},[73,121224,2085],{"class":116},[73,121226,140],{"class":83},[73,121228,143],{"class":116},[73,121230,924],{"class":83},[73,121232,121233],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,121234,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,121236,121237,121239,121241,121243],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,121238,74756],{"class":79},[73,121240,84],{"class":83},[73,121242,4164],{"class":245},[73,121244,249],{"class":83},[73,121246,121247],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,121248,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,121250,121251,121253,121255,121257],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,121252,80],{"class":79},[73,121254,84],{"class":83},[73,121256,4164],{"class":245},[73,121258,249],{"class":83},[20,121260,121261],{},[1194,121262,148],{},[64,121264,121265],{"className":66,"code":119411,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,121266,121267],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,121268,121269,121271,121273,121275,121277,121279,121281],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,121270,4410],{"class":83},[73,121272,1304],{"class":116},[73,121274,140],{"class":83},[73,121276,2085],{"class":116},[73,121278,140],{"class":83},[73,121280,143],{"class":116},[73,121282,924],{"class":83},[20,121284,121285,121288],{},[15,121286,121287],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,121290,11315],{},[64,121292,121294],{"className":66,"code":121293,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,121295,121296,121316,121320,121334,121338],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,121297,121298,121300,121302,121304,121306,121308,121310,121312,121314],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,121299,4134],{"class":216},[73,121301,221],{"class":220},[73,121303,891],{"class":83},[73,121305,1304],{"class":116},[73,121307,140],{"class":83},[73,121309,2085],{"class":116},[73,121311,140],{"class":83},[73,121313,143],{"class":116},[73,121315,924],{"class":83},[73,121317,121318],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,121319,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,121321,121322,121324,121326,121328,121330,121332],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,121323,55881],{"class":216},[73,121325,221],{"class":220},[73,121327,74800],{"class":79},[73,121329,84],{"class":83},[73,121331,4164],{"class":245},[73,121333,249],{"class":83},[73,121335,121336],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,121337,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,121339,121340,121342,121344,121346],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,121341,80],{"class":79},[73,121343,84],{"class":83},[73,121345,55900],{"class":245},[73,121347,249],{"class":83},[403,121349,121351,121352,121354],{"id":121350},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,121353,64553],{}," on a tuple or string",[64,121356,121357],{"className":66,"code":79552,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,121358,121359,121371],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,121360,121361,121363,121365,121367,121369],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,121362,217],{"class":216},[73,121364,221],{"class":220},[73,121366,224],{"class":93},[73,121368,68],{"class":97},[73,121370,230],{"class":93},[73,121372,121373,121375,121377,121379],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,121374,246],{"class":216},[73,121376,653],{"class":83},[73,121378,35305],{"class":245},[73,121380,9151],{"class":83},[20,121382,121383,121384,34107],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,121385,64553],{},[20,121387,121388,121390],{},[15,121389,64553],{}," only works on lists.",[20,121392,121393,121394,121396,121397,653],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,121395,74666],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[646,121398,5650],{"href":6099},[403,121400,121402,121403,119448],{"id":121401},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,121404,74666],{},[64,121406,121408],{"className":66,"code":121407,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,121409,121410,121423,121437,121441,121451],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,121411,121412,121414,121416,121418,121421],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,121413,217],{"class":216},[73,121415,221],{"class":220},[73,121417,224],{"class":93},[73,121419,121420],{"class":97},"cab",[73,121422,230],{"class":93},[73,121424,121425,121427,121429,121431,121433,121435],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,121426,2766],{"class":216},[73,121428,221],{"class":220},[73,121430,74800],{"class":79},[73,121432,84],{"class":83},[73,121434,246],{"class":245},[73,121436,249],{"class":83},[73,121438,121439],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,121440,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,121442,121443,121445,121447,121449],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,121444,80],{"class":79},[73,121446,84],{"class":83},[73,121448,2800],{"class":245},[73,121450,249],{"class":83},[73,121452,121453,121455,121457,121459,121461,121463],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,121454,80],{"class":79},[73,121456,84],{"class":83},[73,121458,288],{"class":87},[73,121460,84],{"class":83},[73,121462,2800],{"class":245},[73,121464,102],{"class":83},[20,121466,121467],{},[1194,121468,148],{},[64,121470,121472],{"className":66,"code":121471,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121473,121474,121502],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,121475,121476,121478,121480,121482,121484,121486,121488,121490,121492,121494,121496,121498,121500],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,121477,4410],{"class":83},[73,121479,343],{"class":93},[73,121481,646],{"class":97},[73,121483,343],{"class":93},[73,121485,140],{"class":83},[73,121487,337],{"class":93},[73,121489,5274],{"class":97},[73,121491,343],{"class":93},[73,121493,140],{"class":83},[73,121495,337],{"class":93},[73,121497,10245],{"class":97},[73,121499,343],{"class":93},[73,121501,924],{"class":83},[73,121503,121504,121506,121508,121510,121512,121514],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,121505,330],{"class":220},[73,121507,334],{"class":333},[73,121509,337],{"class":93},[73,121511,8604],{"class":97},[73,121513,343],{"class":93},[73,121515,346],{"class":220},[20,121517,121518],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[59,121520,113969],{"id":113968},[20,121522,121523],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[33,121525,121526,121529,121534,121539,121545],{},[36,121527,121528],{},"confusing a function with a method",[36,121530,121531,121532,53883],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121533,64553],{},[36,121535,121536,121537,13109],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121538,78109],{},[36,121540,121541,121542,121544],{},"trying to use ",[15,121543,64553],{}," on non-list data types",[36,121546,50743,121547,121549],{},[15,121548,74666],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121551,121552],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[64,121554,121556],{"className":66,"code":121555,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121557,121558,121568,121582,121607,121622,121632],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,121559,121560,121562,121564,121566],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,121561,80],{"class":79},[73,121563,84],{"class":83},[73,121565,8848],{"class":245},[73,121567,249],{"class":83},[73,121569,121570,121572,121574,121576,121578,121580],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,121571,80],{"class":79},[73,121573,84],{"class":83},[73,121575,74756],{"class":79},[73,121577,84],{"class":83},[73,121579,8848],{"class":245},[73,121581,102],{"class":83},[73,121583,121584,121586,121588,121590,121592,121594,121596,121599,121601,121603,121605],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,121585,2766],{"class":216},[73,121587,221],{"class":220},[73,121589,8905],{"class":216},[73,121591,653],{"class":83},[73,121593,35305],{"class":245},[73,121595,1052],{"class":83},[73,121597,121598],{"class":216},"; ",[73,121600,80],{"class":79},[73,121602,84],{"class":83},[73,121604,2800],{"class":245},[73,121606,249],{"class":83},[73,121608,121609,121611,121613,121615,121617,121620],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,121610,80],{"class":79},[73,121612,84],{"class":83},[73,121614,288],{"class":87},[73,121616,84],{"class":83},[73,121618,121619],{"class":245},"my_data",[73,121621,102],{"class":83},[73,121623,121624,121626,121628,121630],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,121625,32659],{"class":79},[73,121627,84],{"class":83},[73,121629,74756],{"class":79},[73,121631,249],{"class":83},[73,121633,121634,121636,121638,121640,121642,121644],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,121635,32659],{"class":79},[73,121637,84],{"class":83},[73,121639,8604],{"class":87},[73,121641,653],{"class":83},[73,121643,35305],{"class":25260},[73,121645,249],{"class":83},[20,121647,84615],{},[33,121649,121650,121653,121657,121665],{},[36,121651,121652],{},"whether your original list changed",[36,121654,26529,121655,12216],{},[15,121656,74666],{},[36,121658,121659,121660,121662,121663],{},"whether ",[15,121661,64553],{}," returned ",[15,121664,1842],{},[36,121666,121667],{},"what type of object you are working with",[59,121669,121671],{"id":121670},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121673,121674],{},"Use this rule:",[33,121676,121677,121685],{},[36,121678,121679,121680,121682,121683],{},"Need a ",[1194,121681,119773],{},": use ",[15,121684,74666],{},[36,121686,121687,121688,121682,121691],{},"Need to ",[1194,121689,121690],{},"change one list directly",[15,121692,78109],{},[20,121694,121695,121696,121698],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121697,74666],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[59,121700,2350],{"id":2349},[403,121702,121704,121705,3408,121707,3023],{"id":121703},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121706,74666],{},[15,121708,78109],{},[20,121710,121711,121713],{},[15,121712,74666],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[403,121715,2367,121717,5672,121719,3023],{"id":121716},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121718,78109],{},[15,121720,1842],{},[20,121722,121723],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[403,121725,5681,121727,121729],{"id":121726},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121728,74666],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121731,121732],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[403,121734,28838,121736,121738],{"id":121735},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121737,64553],{}," on a string?",[20,121740,2360,121741,121743,121744,2383],{},[15,121742,64553],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121745,121746],{},"sorted(string)",[403,121748,12330,121750,1647,121752,121754],{"id":121749},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121751,74666],{},[15,121753,64553],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121756,121757,121758,653],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121759,78333],{},[59,121761,2413],{"id":2412},[33,121763,121764,121770,121776,121780,121784],{},[36,121765,121766],{},[646,121767,13,121768,2422],{"href":74763},[15,121769,74666],{},[36,121771,121772],{},[646,121773,13,121774,11248],{"href":75017},[15,121775,78109],{},[36,121777,121778],{},[646,121779,80115],{"href":78618},[36,121781,121782],{},[646,121783,121067],{"href":121066},[36,121785,121786],{},[646,121787,53010],{"href":51217},[2459,121789,121790],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":121792},[121793,121794,121795,121799,121803,121806,121810,121814,121819,121829,121830,121831,121843],{"id":4123,"depth":105,"text":4124},{"id":119861,"depth":105,"text":119862},{"id":117964,"depth":105,"text":119686,"children":121796},[121797],{"id":119928,"depth":122,"text":121798},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":78175,"depth":105,"text":80137,"children":121800},[121801],{"id":120105,"depth":122,"text":121802},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":120201,"depth":105,"text":120202,"children":121804},[121805],{"id":120227,"depth":122,"text":120228},{"id":120433,"depth":105,"text":121807,"children":121808},"When to use sorted()",[121809],{"id":120455,"depth":122,"text":120456},{"id":120590,"depth":105,"text":121811,"children":121812},"When to use list.sort()",[121813],{"id":120613,"depth":122,"text":120614},{"id":120727,"depth":105,"text":121815,"children":121816},"reverse and key work with both",[121817,121818],{"id":120758,"depth":122,"text":120759},{"id":120886,"depth":122,"text":120887},{"id":121070,"depth":105,"text":121071,"children":121820},[121821,121823,121825,121827],{"id":121077,"depth":122,"text":121822},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":121201,"depth":122,"text":121824},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121350,"depth":122,"text":121826},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121401,"depth":122,"text":121828},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113968,"depth":105,"text":113969},{"id":121670,"depth":105,"text":121671},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":121832},[121833,121835,121837,121839,121841],{"id":121703,"depth":122,"text":121834},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121716,"depth":122,"text":121836},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121726,"depth":122,"text":121838},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121735,"depth":122,"text":121840},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121749,"depth":122,"text":121842},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119732,"description":121844},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121850,"title":42670,"body":121851,"description":123583,"extension":2511,"meta":123584,"navigation":254,"path":123585,"seo":123586,"stem":123587,"__hash__":123588},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121852,"toc":123540},[121853,121858,121863,121869,121871,121926,121930,121953,121958,121963,121968,121970,122001,122004,122018,122020,122022,122037,122042,122046,122049,122100,122104,122118,122125,122129,122133,122188,122192,122215,122219,122275,122279,122302,122306,122361,122365,122388,122392,122459,122463,122498,122504,122509,122514,122516,122530,122532,122606,122610,122630,122635,122642,122645,122657,122659,122728,122732,122769,122772,122797,122804,122813,122816,122828,122834,122840,122842,122848,122853,122932,122936,122977,122981,122983,123010,123013,123036,123039,123045,123048,123085,123097,123104,123106,123157,123160,123192,123195,123197,123204,123206,123221,123223,123280,123284,123308,123310,123315,123331,123338,123342,123345,123428,123438,123440,123445,123448,123454,123457,123463,123466,123472,123475,123482,123490,123492,123537],[10,121854,13,121856,18],{"id":121855},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121857,1326],{},[20,121859,22,121860,121862],{},[15,121861,1326],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121864,121865,121866,121868],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121867,1326],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[59,121870,62],{"id":61},[64,121872,121874],{"className":66,"code":121873,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121875,121876,121884,121898,121902,121912],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,121877,121878,121880,121882],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,121879,2056],{"class":216},[73,121881,221],{"class":220},[73,121883,45717],{"class":116},[73,121885,121886,121888,121890,121892,121894,121896],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,121887,217],{"class":216},[73,121889,221],{"class":220},[73,121891,49141],{"class":87},[73,121893,84],{"class":83},[73,121895,9804],{"class":245},[73,121897,249],{"class":83},[73,121899,121900],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,121901,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,121903,121904,121906,121908,121910],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,121905,80],{"class":79},[73,121907,84],{"class":83},[73,121909,246],{"class":245},[73,121911,249],{"class":83},[73,121913,121914,121916,121918,121920,121922,121924],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,121915,80],{"class":79},[73,121917,84],{"class":83},[73,121919,288],{"class":87},[73,121921,84],{"class":83},[73,121923,246],{"class":245},[73,121925,102],{"class":83},[20,121927,121928],{},[1194,121929,148],{},[64,121931,121933],{"className":66,"code":121932,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121934,121935,121939],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,121936,121937],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,121938,321],{"class":116},[73,121940,121941,121943,121945,121947,121949,121951],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,121942,330],{"class":220},[73,121944,334],{"class":333},[73,121946,337],{"class":93},[73,121948,340],{"class":97},[73,121950,343],{"class":93},[73,121952,346],{"class":220},[20,121954,171,121955,121957],{},[15,121956,1326],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[59,121959,178,121961,181],{"id":121960},"what-str-does",[15,121962,1326],{},[20,121964,121965,121967],{},[15,121966,1326],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121969,2649],{},[33,121971,121972,121979,121986,121993],{},[36,121973,121974,121975,1301,121977],{},"An integer like ",[15,121976,452],{},[15,121978,419],{},[36,121980,121981,121982,1301,121984],{},"A float like ",[15,121983,896],{},[15,121985,1751],{},[36,121987,121988,121989,1301,121991],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121990,430],{},[15,121992,7150],{},[36,121994,121995,121996,1301,121998],{},"A list like ",[15,121997,75488],{},[15,121999,122000],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,122002,122003],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[33,122005,122006,122009,122012,122015],{},[36,122007,122008],{},"print it",[36,122010,122011],{},"combine it with other strings",[36,122013,122014],{},"save it to a file",[36,122016,122017],{},"use it in messages",[59,122019,370],{"id":369},[20,122021,7728],{},[64,122023,122025],{"className":66,"code":122024,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"str(object)\n",[15,122026,122027],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,122028,122029,122031,122033,122035],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,122030,340],{"class":87},[73,122032,84],{"class":83},[73,122034,1899],{"class":87},[73,122036,249],{"class":83},[20,122038,21283,122039,122041],{},[15,122040,1899],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,122043,122044,8734],{},[15,122045,1326],{},[20,122047,122048],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[64,122050,122052],{"className":66,"code":122051,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,122053,122054,122063,122086,122090],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,122055,122056,122058,122060],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,122057,5609],{"class":216},[73,122059,221],{"class":220},[73,122061,122062],{"class":116}," 100\n",[73,122064,122065,122067,122069,122071,122074,122076,122078,122080,122082,122084],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,122066,90249],{"class":216},[73,122068,221],{"class":220},[73,122070,224],{"class":93},[73,122072,122073],{"class":97},"Your score is ",[73,122075,94],{"class":93},[73,122077,2985],{"class":220},[73,122079,49141],{"class":87},[73,122081,84],{"class":83},[73,122083,85762],{"class":245},[73,122085,249],{"class":83},[73,122087,122088],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,122089,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,122091,122092,122094,122096,122098],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,122093,80],{"class":79},[73,122095,84],{"class":83},[73,122097,90266],{"class":245},[73,122099,249],{"class":83},[20,122101,122102],{},[1194,122103,148],{},[64,122105,122107],{"className":66,"code":122106,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Your score is 100\n",[15,122108,122109],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,122110,122111,122114,122116],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,122112,122113],{"class":216},"Your score ",[73,122115,12705],{"class":220},[73,122117,122062],{"class":116},[20,122119,2831,122120,122124],{},[646,122121,122122,652],{"href":2834},[15,122123,2837],{}," can help you check.",[59,122126,122128],{"id":122127},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[403,122130,122132],{"id":122131},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[64,122134,122136],{"className":66,"code":122135,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122137,122138,122146,122160,122164,122174],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,122139,122140,122142,122144],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,122141,235],{"class":216},[73,122143,221],{"class":220},[73,122145,3119],{"class":116},[73,122147,122148,122150,122152,122154,122156,122158],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,122149,217],{"class":216},[73,122151,221],{"class":220},[73,122153,49141],{"class":87},[73,122155,84],{"class":83},[73,122157,276],{"class":245},[73,122159,249],{"class":83},[73,122161,122162],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,122163,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,122165,122166,122168,122170,122172],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,122167,80],{"class":79},[73,122169,84],{"class":83},[73,122171,246],{"class":245},[73,122173,249],{"class":83},[73,122175,122176,122178,122180,122182,122184,122186],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,122177,80],{"class":79},[73,122179,84],{"class":83},[73,122181,288],{"class":87},[73,122183,84],{"class":83},[73,122185,246],{"class":245},[73,122187,102],{"class":83},[20,122189,122190],{},[1194,122191,148],{},[64,122193,122195],{"className":66,"code":122194,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122196,122197,122201],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,122198,122199],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,122200,498],{"class":116},[73,122202,122203,122205,122207,122209,122211,122213],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,122204,330],{"class":220},[73,122206,334],{"class":333},[73,122208,337],{"class":93},[73,122210,340],{"class":97},[73,122212,343],{"class":93},[73,122214,346],{"class":220},[403,122216,122218],{"id":122217},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[64,122220,122222],{"className":66,"code":122221,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122223,122224,122233,122247,122251,122261],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,122225,122226,122228,122230],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,122227,40893],{"class":216},[73,122229,221],{"class":220},[73,122231,122232],{"class":116}," 3.14\n",[73,122234,122235,122237,122239,122241,122243,122245],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,122236,217],{"class":216},[73,122238,221],{"class":220},[73,122240,49141],{"class":87},[73,122242,84],{"class":83},[73,122244,25660],{"class":245},[73,122246,249],{"class":83},[73,122248,122249],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,122250,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,122252,122253,122255,122257,122259],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,122254,80],{"class":79},[73,122256,84],{"class":83},[73,122258,246],{"class":245},[73,122260,249],{"class":83},[73,122262,122263,122265,122267,122269,122271,122273],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,122264,80],{"class":79},[73,122266,84],{"class":83},[73,122268,288],{"class":87},[73,122270,84],{"class":83},[73,122272,246],{"class":245},[73,122274,102],{"class":83},[20,122276,122277],{},[1194,122278,148],{},[64,122280,122282],{"className":66,"code":122281,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122283,122284,122288],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,122285,122286],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,122287,40683],{"class":116},[73,122289,122290,122292,122294,122296,122298,122300],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,122291,330],{"class":220},[73,122293,334],{"class":333},[73,122295,337],{"class":93},[73,122297,340],{"class":97},[73,122299,343],{"class":93},[73,122301,346],{"class":220},[403,122303,122305],{"id":122304},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[64,122307,122309],{"className":66,"code":122308,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122310,122311,122319,122333,122337,122347],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,122312,122313,122315,122317],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,122314,2202],{"class":216},[73,122316,221],{"class":220},[73,122318,1402],{"class":484},[73,122320,122321,122323,122325,122327,122329,122331],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,122322,217],{"class":216},[73,122324,221],{"class":220},[73,122326,49141],{"class":87},[73,122328,84],{"class":83},[73,122330,967],{"class":245},[73,122332,249],{"class":83},[73,122334,122335],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,122336,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,122338,122339,122341,122343,122345],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,122340,80],{"class":79},[73,122342,84],{"class":83},[73,122344,246],{"class":245},[73,122346,249],{"class":83},[73,122348,122349,122351,122353,122355,122357,122359],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,122350,80],{"class":79},[73,122352,84],{"class":83},[73,122354,288],{"class":87},[73,122356,84],{"class":83},[73,122358,246],{"class":245},[73,122360,102],{"class":83},[20,122362,122363],{},[1194,122364,148],{},[64,122366,122368],{"className":66,"code":122367,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122369,122370,122374],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,122371,122372],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,122373,4490],{"class":484},[73,122375,122376,122378,122380,122382,122384,122386],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,122377,330],{"class":220},[73,122379,334],{"class":333},[73,122381,337],{"class":93},[73,122383,340],{"class":97},[73,122385,343],{"class":93},[73,122387,346],{"class":220},[403,122389,122391],{"id":122390},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[64,122393,122395],{"className":66,"code":122394,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122396,122397,122417,122431,122435,122445],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,122398,122399,122401,122403,122405,122407,122409,122411,122413,122415],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,122400,8289],{"class":216},[73,122402,221],{"class":220},[73,122404,891],{"class":83},[73,122406,2397],{"class":116},[73,122408,140],{"class":83},[73,122410,143],{"class":116},[73,122412,140],{"class":83},[73,122414,2982],{"class":116},[73,122416,924],{"class":83},[73,122418,122419,122421,122423,122425,122427,122429],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,122420,217],{"class":216},[73,122422,221],{"class":220},[73,122424,49141],{"class":87},[73,122426,84],{"class":83},[73,122428,8320],{"class":245},[73,122430,249],{"class":83},[73,122432,122433],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,122434,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,122436,122437,122439,122441,122443],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,122438,80],{"class":79},[73,122440,84],{"class":83},[73,122442,246],{"class":245},[73,122444,249],{"class":83},[73,122446,122447,122449,122451,122453,122455,122457],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,122448,80],{"class":79},[73,122450,84],{"class":83},[73,122452,288],{"class":87},[73,122454,84],{"class":83},[73,122456,246],{"class":245},[73,122458,102],{"class":83},[20,122460,122461],{},[1194,122462,148],{},[64,122464,122466],{"className":66,"code":122465,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122467,122468,122484],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,122469,122470,122472,122474,122476,122478,122480,122482],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,122471,4410],{"class":83},[73,122473,2397],{"class":116},[73,122475,140],{"class":83},[73,122477,143],{"class":116},[73,122479,140],{"class":83},[73,122481,2982],{"class":116},[73,122483,924],{"class":83},[73,122485,122486,122488,122490,122492,122494,122496],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,122487,330],{"class":220},[73,122489,334],{"class":333},[73,122491,337],{"class":93},[73,122493,340],{"class":97},[73,122495,343],{"class":93},[73,122497,346],{"class":220},[20,122499,122500,122501,122503],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[1194,122502,1196],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[59,122505,1999,122507],{"id":122506},"when-to-use-str",[15,122508,1326],{},[20,122510,171,122511,122513],{},[15,122512,1326],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122515,36933],{},[33,122517,122518,122521,122524,122527],{},[36,122519,122520],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[36,122522,122523],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[36,122525,122526],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[36,122528,122529],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122531,206],{},[64,122533,122535],{"className":66,"code":122534,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122536,122537,122549,122557,122561,122596],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,122538,122539,122541,122543,122545,122547],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,122540,8387],{"class":216},[73,122542,221],{"class":220},[73,122544,224],{"class":93},[73,122546,12019],{"class":97},[73,122548,230],{"class":93},[73,122550,122551,122553,122555],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,122552,2056],{"class":216},[73,122554,221],{"class":220},[73,122556,45717],{"class":116},[73,122558,122559],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,122560,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,122562,122563,122565,122567,122569,122571,122573,122575,122577,122579,122581,122583,122585,122587,122589,122591,122594],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,122564,90249],{"class":216},[73,122566,221],{"class":220},[73,122568,36475],{"class":216},[73,122570,2082],{"class":220},[73,122572,224],{"class":93},[73,122574,5297],{"class":97},[73,122576,94],{"class":93},[73,122578,2985],{"class":220},[73,122580,49141],{"class":87},[73,122582,84],{"class":83},[73,122584,9804],{"class":245},[73,122586,4177],{"class":83},[73,122588,2985],{"class":220},[73,122590,224],{"class":93},[73,122592,122593],{"class":97}," years old.",[73,122595,230],{"class":93},[73,122597,122598,122600,122602,122604],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,122599,80],{"class":79},[73,122601,84],{"class":83},[73,122603,90266],{"class":245},[73,122605,249],{"class":83},[20,122607,122608],{},[1194,122609,148],{},[64,122611,122613],{"className":66,"code":122612,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122614,122615],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,122616,122617,122620,122622,122624,122627],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,122618,122619],{"class":216},"Maya ",[73,122621,12705],{"class":220},[73,122623,9811],{"class":116},[73,122625,122626],{"class":216}," years old",[73,122628,122629],{"class":83},".\n",[20,122631,122632,122633,653],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[646,122634,89935],{"href":89934},[59,122636,122638,11092,122640],{"id":122637},"str-vs-print",[15,122639,1326],{},[15,122641,46940],{},[20,122643,122644],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[33,122646,122647,122652],{},[36,122648,122649,122651],{},[15,122650,1326],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[36,122653,122654,122656],{},[15,122655,46940],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122658,206],{},[64,122660,122662],{"className":66,"code":122661,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122663,122664,122672,122676,122690,122700,122714],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,122665,122666,122668,122670],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,122667,2202],{"class":216},[73,122669,221],{"class":220},[73,122671,3300],{"class":116},[73,122673,122674],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,122675,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,122677,122678,122680,122682,122684,122686,122688],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,122679,217],{"class":216},[73,122681,221],{"class":220},[73,122683,49141],{"class":87},[73,122685,84],{"class":83},[73,122687,967],{"class":245},[73,122689,249],{"class":83},[73,122691,122692,122694,122696,122698],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,122693,80],{"class":79},[73,122695,84],{"class":83},[73,122697,246],{"class":245},[73,122699,249],{"class":83},[73,122701,122702,122704,122706,122708,122710,122712],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,122703,80],{"class":79},[73,122705,84],{"class":83},[73,122707,288],{"class":87},[73,122709,84],{"class":83},[73,122711,246],{"class":245},[73,122713,102],{"class":83},[73,122715,122716,122718,122720,122722,122724,122726],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,122717,80],{"class":79},[73,122719,84],{"class":83},[73,122721,288],{"class":87},[73,122723,84],{"class":83},[73,122725,967],{"class":245},[73,122727,102],{"class":83},[20,122729,122730],{},[1194,122731,148],{},[64,122733,122735],{"className":66,"code":122734,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122736,122737,122741,122755],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,122738,122739],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,122740,158],{"class":116},[73,122742,122743,122745,122747,122749,122751,122753],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,122744,330],{"class":220},[73,122746,334],{"class":333},[73,122748,337],{"class":93},[73,122750,340],{"class":97},[73,122752,343],{"class":93},[73,122754,346],{"class":220},[73,122756,122757,122759,122761,122763,122765,122767],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,122758,330],{"class":220},[73,122760,334],{"class":333},[73,122762,337],{"class":93},[73,122764,88],{"class":97},[73,122766,343],{"class":93},[73,122768,346],{"class":220},[20,122770,122771],{},"Notice:",[33,122773,122774,122780,122785],{},[36,122775,122776,122779],{},[15,122777,122778],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[36,122781,122782,122784],{},[15,122783,46940],{}," only displayed values",[36,122786,122787,122789,122790,122792,122793,61542,122795],{},[15,122788,46940],{}," did not change ",[15,122791,967],{}," from ",[15,122794,88],{},[15,122796,340],{},[20,122798,122799,122800,653],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[646,122801,122802,652],{"href":46937},[15,122803,46940],{},[59,122805,122807,11092,122809,122812],{"id":122806},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122808,1326],{},[15,122810,122811],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122814,122815],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[33,122817,122818,122823],{},[36,122819,122820,122822],{},[15,122821,1326],{}," is the more readable text version",[36,122824,122825,122827],{},[15,122826,122811],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122829,122830,122831,122833],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122832,1326],{}," much more often.",[20,122835,122836,122837,122839],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122838,1326],{}," is usually the right choice.",[59,122841,5031],{"id":5030},[403,122843,26284,122845,122847],{"id":122844},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122846,1326],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122849,122850,122852],{},[15,122851,1326],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[64,122854,122856],{"className":66,"code":122855,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122857,122858,122866,122880,122884,122894,122908,122918],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,122859,122860,122862,122864],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,122861,2056],{"class":216},[73,122863,221],{"class":220},[73,122865,45717],{"class":116},[73,122867,122868,122870,122872,122874,122876,122878],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,122869,217],{"class":216},[73,122871,221],{"class":220},[73,122873,49141],{"class":87},[73,122875,84],{"class":83},[73,122877,9804],{"class":245},[73,122879,249],{"class":83},[73,122881,122882],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,122883,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,122885,122886,122888,122890,122892],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,122887,80],{"class":79},[73,122889,84],{"class":83},[73,122891,9804],{"class":245},[73,122893,249],{"class":83},[73,122895,122896,122898,122900,122902,122904,122906],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,122897,80],{"class":79},[73,122899,84],{"class":83},[73,122901,288],{"class":87},[73,122903,84],{"class":83},[73,122905,9804],{"class":245},[73,122907,102],{"class":83},[73,122909,122910,122912,122914,122916],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,122911,80],{"class":79},[73,122913,84],{"class":83},[73,122915,246],{"class":245},[73,122917,249],{"class":83},[73,122919,122920,122922,122924,122926,122928,122930],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,122921,80],{"class":79},[73,122923,84],{"class":83},[73,122925,288],{"class":87},[73,122927,84],{"class":83},[73,122929,246],{"class":245},[73,122931,102],{"class":83},[20,122933,122934],{},[1194,122935,148],{},[64,122937,122939],{"className":66,"code":122938,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122940,122941,122945,122959,122963],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,122942,122943],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,122944,321],{"class":116},[73,122946,122947,122949,122951,122953,122955,122957],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,122948,330],{"class":220},[73,122950,334],{"class":333},[73,122952,337],{"class":93},[73,122954,88],{"class":97},[73,122956,343],{"class":93},[73,122958,346],{"class":220},[73,122960,122961],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,122962,321],{"class":116},[73,122964,122965,122967,122969,122971,122973,122975],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,122966,330],{"class":220},[73,122968,334],{"class":333},[73,122970,337],{"class":93},[73,122972,340],{"class":97},[73,122974,343],{"class":93},[73,122976,346],{"class":220},[403,122978,122980],{"id":122979},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122982,7197],{},[64,122984,122986],{"className":66,"code":122985,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122987,122988,122996],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,122989,122990,122992,122994],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,122991,2056],{"class":216},[73,122993,221],{"class":220},[73,122995,45717],{"class":116},[73,122997,122998,123000,123002,123004,123006,123008],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,122999,217],{"class":216},[73,123001,221],{"class":220},[73,123003,49141],{"class":87},[73,123005,84],{"class":83},[73,123007,9804],{"class":245},[73,123009,249],{"class":83},[20,123011,123012],{},"But if you only do this:",[64,123014,123016],{"className":66,"code":123015,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,123017,123018,123026],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123019,123020,123022,123024],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123021,2056],{"class":216},[73,123023,221],{"class":220},[73,123025,45717],{"class":116},[73,123027,123028,123030,123032,123034],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,123029,340],{"class":87},[73,123031,84],{"class":83},[73,123033,9804],{"class":245},[73,123035,249],{"class":83},[20,123037,123038],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[403,123040,657,123042,123044],{"id":123041},"using-str-too-early",[15,123043,1326],{}," too early",[20,123046,123047],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[64,123049,123051],{"className":66,"code":123050,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,123052,123053,123061,123076,123080],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123054,123055,123057,123059],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123056,40893],{"class":216},[73,123058,221],{"class":220},[73,123060,3119],{"class":116},[73,123062,123063,123066,123068,123070,123072,123074],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,123064,123065],{"class":216},"text_price ",[73,123067,221],{"class":220},[73,123069,49141],{"class":87},[73,123071,84],{"class":83},[73,123073,25660],{"class":245},[73,123075,249],{"class":83},[73,123077,123078],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,123079,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,123081,123082],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,123083,123084],{"class":769},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,123086,123087,123088,3408,123092,123096],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[646,123089,123090],{"href":3405},[15,123091,17],{},[646,123093,123094],{"href":648},[15,123095,651],{},", depending on the situation.",[403,123098,2300,123100,123103],{"id":123099},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,123101,123102],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,123105,64885],{},[64,123107,123109],{"className":66,"code":123108,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,123110,123111,123143],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123112,123113,123115,123117,123119,123121,123123,123125,123127,123129,123131,123133,123135,123137,123139,123141],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123114,8289],{"class":216},[73,123116,221],{"class":220},[73,123118,891],{"class":83},[73,123120,94],{"class":93},[73,123122,4590],{"class":97},[73,123124,94],{"class":93},[73,123126,140],{"class":83},[73,123128,224],{"class":93},[73,123130,4599],{"class":97},[73,123132,94],{"class":93},[73,123134,140],{"class":83},[73,123136,224],{"class":93},[73,123138,33727],{"class":97},[73,123140,94],{"class":93},[73,123142,924],{"class":83},[73,123144,123145,123147,123149,123151,123153,123155],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,123146,80],{"class":79},[73,123148,84],{"class":83},[73,123150,340],{"class":87},[73,123152,84],{"class":83},[73,123154,8320],{"class":245},[73,123156,102],{"class":83},[20,123158,123159],{},"prints:",[64,123161,123162],{"className":66,"code":73078,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,123163,123164],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123165,123166,123168,123170,123172,123174,123176,123178,123180,123182,123184,123186,123188,123190],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123167,4410],{"class":83},[73,123169,343],{"class":93},[73,123171,4590],{"class":97},[73,123173,343],{"class":93},[73,123175,140],{"class":83},[73,123177,337],{"class":93},[73,123179,4599],{"class":97},[73,123181,343],{"class":93},[73,123183,140],{"class":83},[73,123185,337],{"class":93},[73,123187,33727],{"class":97},[73,123189,343],{"class":93},[73,123191,924],{"class":83},[20,123193,123194],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[59,123196,17930],{"id":17929},[20,123198,123199,22486,123201,653],{},[15,123200,1326],{},[1194,123202,123203],{},"new string",[20,123205,11968],{},[33,123207,123208,123211,123214],{},[36,123209,123210],{},"It always returns a string",[36,123212,123213],{},"It does not modify the original object",[36,123215,8272,123216,123220],{},[646,123217,123218],{"href":2834},[15,123219,2837],{}," to confirm the result",[20,123222,206],{},[64,123224,123226],{"className":66,"code":123225,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123227,123228,123236,123251,123255,123266],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123229,123230,123232,123234],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123231,2202],{"class":216},[73,123233,221],{"class":220},[73,123235,14640],{"class":116},[73,123237,123238,123241,123243,123245,123247,123249],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,123239,123240],{"class":216},"converted ",[73,123242,221],{"class":220},[73,123244,49141],{"class":87},[73,123246,84],{"class":83},[73,123248,967],{"class":245},[73,123250,249],{"class":83},[73,123252,123253],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,123254,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,123256,123257,123259,123261,123264],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,123258,80],{"class":79},[73,123260,84],{"class":83},[73,123262,123263],{"class":245},"converted",[73,123265,249],{"class":83},[73,123267,123268,123270,123272,123274,123276,123278],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,123269,80],{"class":79},[73,123271,84],{"class":83},[73,123273,288],{"class":87},[73,123275,84],{"class":83},[73,123277,123263],{"class":245},[73,123279,102],{"class":83},[20,123281,123282],{},[1194,123283,148],{},[64,123285,123287],{"className":66,"code":123286,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123288,123289,123294],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123290,123291],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123292,123293],{"class":116},"99\n",[73,123295,123296,123298,123300,123302,123304,123306],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,123297,330],{"class":220},[73,123299,334],{"class":333},[73,123301,337],{"class":93},[73,123303,340],{"class":97},[73,123305,343],{"class":93},[73,123307,346],{"class":220},[59,123309,113969],{"id":113968},[20,123311,123312,123313,75057],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,123314,1326],{},[33,123316,123317,123320,123323,123328],{},[36,123318,123319],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[36,123321,123322],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[36,123324,657,123325,123327],{},[15,123326,1326],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[36,123329,123330],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,123332,123333,123334,653],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[646,123335,1805,123336],{"href":90647},[15,123337,90648],{},[59,123339,123341],{"id":123340},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,123343,123344],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[64,123346,123348],{"className":66,"code":123347,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123349,123350,123358,123362,123372,123386,123390,123404,123414],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123351,123352,123354,123356],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123353,2202],{"class":216},[73,123355,221],{"class":220},[73,123357,45717],{"class":116},[73,123359,123360],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,123361,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,123363,123364,123366,123368,123370],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,123365,80],{"class":79},[73,123367,84],{"class":83},[73,123369,967],{"class":245},[73,123371,249],{"class":83},[73,123373,123374,123376,123378,123380,123382,123384],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,123375,80],{"class":79},[73,123377,84],{"class":83},[73,123379,288],{"class":87},[73,123381,84],{"class":83},[73,123383,967],{"class":245},[73,123385,102],{"class":83},[73,123387,123388],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,123389,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,123391,123392,123394,123396,123398,123400,123402],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,123393,123240],{"class":216},[73,123395,221],{"class":220},[73,123397,49141],{"class":87},[73,123399,84],{"class":83},[73,123401,967],{"class":245},[73,123403,249],{"class":83},[73,123405,123406,123408,123410,123412],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,123407,80],{"class":79},[73,123409,84],{"class":83},[73,123411,123263],{"class":245},[73,123413,249],{"class":83},[73,123415,123416,123418,123420,123422,123424,123426],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,123417,80],{"class":79},[73,123419,84],{"class":83},[73,123421,288],{"class":87},[73,123423,84],{"class":83},[73,123425,123263],{"class":245},[73,123427,102],{"class":83},[20,123429,123430,123431,2728,123433,123435,123436,653],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,123432,88],{},[15,123434,1773],{},", or another type into ",[15,123437,340],{},[59,123439,2350],{"id":2349},[403,123441,2387,123443,5658],{"id":123442},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123444,1326],{},[20,123446,123447],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[403,123449,2354,123451,123453],{"id":123450},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123452,1326],{}," change the original variable?",[20,123455,123456],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[403,123458,5681,123460,123462],{"id":123459},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123461,1326],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,123464,123465],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[403,123467,94833,123469,123471],{"id":123468},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123470,1326],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,123473,123474],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[403,123476,15412,123478,57445,123480,3023],{"id":123477},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123479,1326],{},[15,123481,46940],{},[20,123483,2360,123484,123486,123487,123489],{},[15,123485,1326],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123488,46940],{}," shows output.",[59,123491,2413],{"id":2412},[33,123493,123494,123500,123506,123512,123518,123527,123531],{},[36,123495,123496],{},[646,123497,123498,2422],{"href":46937},[15,123499,46940],{},[36,123501,123502],{},[646,123503,123504,2422],{"href":2834},[15,123505,2837],{},[36,123507,123508],{},[646,123509,123510,2422],{"href":3405},[15,123511,17],{},[36,123513,123514],{},[646,123515,123516,2422],{"href":648},[15,123517,651],{},[36,123519,123520],{},[646,123521,123523,123524,123526],{"href":123522},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123525,88],{}," to string in Python",[36,123528,123529],{},[646,123530,90925],{"href":89934},[36,123532,123533],{},[646,123534,2455,123535],{"href":90647},[15,123536,90648],{},[2459,123538,123539],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":122127,"depth":105,"text":122128,"children":123547},[123548,123549,123550,123551],{"id":122131,"depth":122,"text":122132},{"id":122217,"depth":122,"text":122218},{"id":122304,"depth":122,"text":122305},{"id":122390,"depth":122,"text":122391},{"id":122506,"depth":105,"text":123553},"When to use str()",{"id":122637,"depth":105,"text":123555},"str() vs print()",{"id":122806,"depth":105,"text":123557},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":5030,"depth":105,"text":5031,"children":123559},[123560,123562,123563,123565],{"id":122844,"depth":122,"text":123561},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122979,"depth":122,"text":122980},{"id":123041,"depth":122,"text":123564},"Using str() too early",{"id":123099,"depth":122,"text":123566},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17929,"depth":105,"text":17930},{"id":113968,"depth":105,"text":113969},{"id":123340,"depth":105,"text":123341},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":123571},[123572,123574,123576,123578,123580],{"id":123442,"depth":122,"text":123573},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123450,"depth":122,"text":123575},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123459,"depth":122,"text":123577},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123468,"depth":122,"text":123579},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123477,"depth":122,"text":123581},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42670,"description":123583},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123590,"title":123591,"body":123592,"description":125045,"extension":2511,"meta":125046,"navigation":254,"path":125047,"seo":125048,"stem":125049,"__hash__":125050},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123593,"toc":125007},[123594,123600,123606,123609,123631,123633,123695,123697,123710,123716,123721,123726,123728,123741,123752,123754,123781,123783,123800,123807,123818,123820,123825,123827,123839,123847,123856,123858,123861,123914,123916,123924,123932,123936,123941,123981,123983,123991,123994,123996,124036,124038,124046,124056,124062,124065,124138,124140,124153,124157,124162,124190,124193,124228,124230,124238,124241,124245,124249,124251,124267,124269,124309,124311,124319,124328,124371,124373,124381,124383,124387,124393,124396,124436,124438,124446,124451,124454,124497,124501,124504,124539,124544,124546,124585,124595,124603,124613,124621,124625,124630,124632,124673,124675,124683,124688,124691,124694,124712,124718,124722,124727,124730,124770,124772,124777,124876,124879,124895,124897,124916,124918,124925,124928,124934,124937,124943,124947,124953,124956,124962,124965,124967,125004],[10,123595,123597,123598,11831],{"id":123596},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123599,57530],{},[20,123601,123602,123603,123605],{},"The Python string ",[15,123604,57530],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123607,123608],{},"This reference page explains:",[33,123610,123611,123615,123618,123620,123628],{},[36,123612,26529,123613,181],{},[15,123614,57530],{},[36,123616,123617],{},"its syntax",[36,123619,35901],{},[36,123621,123622,123623,1647,123625,123627],{},"how ",[15,123624,36579],{},[15,123626,52899],{}," work",[36,123629,123630],{},"common beginner mistakes",[59,123632,62],{"id":61},[64,123634,123636],{"className":66,"code":123635,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123637,123638,123650,123672],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123639,123640,123642,123644,123646,123648],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123641,217],{"class":216},[73,123643,221],{"class":220},[73,123645,224],{"class":93},[73,123647,4599],{"class":97},[73,123649,230],{"class":93},[73,123651,123652,123654,123656,123658,123660,123662,123664,123666,123668,123670],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,123653,80],{"class":79},[73,123655,84],{"class":83},[73,123657,246],{"class":245},[73,123659,653],{"class":83},[73,123661,41761],{"class":245},[73,123663,84],{"class":83},[73,123665,94],{"class":93},[73,123667,646],{"class":97},[73,123669,94],{"class":93},[73,123671,102],{"class":83},[73,123673,123674,123676,123678,123680,123682,123684,123686,123688,123691,123693],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,123675,80],{"class":79},[73,123677,84],{"class":83},[73,123679,246],{"class":245},[73,123681,653],{"class":83},[73,123683,41761],{"class":245},[73,123685,84],{"class":83},[73,123687,94],{"class":93},[73,123689,123690],{"class":97},"na",[73,123692,94],{"class":93},[73,123694,102],{"class":83},[20,123696,148],{},[64,123698,123700],{"className":66,"code":123699,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"3\n2\n",[15,123701,123702,123706],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123703,123704],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123705,163],{"class":116},[73,123707,123708],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,123709,17567],{"class":116},[20,123711,171,123712,123715],{},[15,123713,123714],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[59,123717,13507,123719,13510],{"id":123718},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123720,57530],{},[20,123722,123723,123725],{},[15,123724,57530],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123727,189],{},[33,123729,123730,123733,123736,123738],{},[36,123731,123732],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[36,123734,123735],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[36,123737,44150],{},[36,123739,123740],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123742,123743,123744,123746,123747,2728,123749,123751],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123745,18608],{}," characters are in ",[15,123748,65516],{},[15,123750,57530],{}," is a simple choice.",[59,123753,370],{"id":369},[64,123755,123757],{"className":66,"code":123756,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123758,123759],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123760,123761,123763,123765,123767,123769,123771,123773,123775,123777,123779],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123762,61415],{"class":216},[73,123764,653],{"class":83},[73,123766,41761],{"class":245},[73,123768,84],{"class":83},[73,123770,967],{"class":245},[73,123772,140],{"class":83},[73,123774,36558],{"class":245},[73,123776,140],{"class":83},[73,123778,65282],{"class":245},[73,123780,249],{"class":83},[403,123782,17906],{"id":17905},[33,123784,123785,123790,123795],{},[36,123786,123787,123789],{},[15,123788,967],{},": the text to search for",[36,123791,123792,123794],{},[15,123793,36579],{},": optional; where counting begins",[36,123796,123797,123799],{},[15,123798,52899],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123801,123802,1647,123804,123806],{},[15,123803,36579],{},[15,123805,52899],{}," work like slice positions:",[33,123808,123809,123814],{},[36,123810,123811,123813],{},[15,123812,36579],{}," is included",[36,123815,123816,75983],{},[15,123817,52899],{},[59,123819,17930],{"id":17929},[20,123821,123822,123824],{},[15,123823,57530],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123826,2667],{},[33,123828,123829,123834],{},[36,123830,123831,123832],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123833,1304],{},[36,123835,123836,123837],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123838,806],{},[20,123840,41410,123841,5672,123843,3408,123845,653],{},[1194,123842,1196],{},[15,123844,430],{},[15,123846,1367],{},[20,123848,123849,123850,123855],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[646,123851,123853,101843],{"href":123852},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123854,940],{}," is often a better fit.",[59,123857,11985],{"id":11984},[20,123859,123860],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[64,123862,123864],{"className":66,"code":123863,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123865,123866,123878,123900,123904],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123867,123868,123870,123872,123874,123876],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123869,217],{"class":216},[73,123871,221],{"class":220},[73,123873,224],{"class":93},[73,123875,4590],{"class":97},[73,123877,230],{"class":93},[73,123879,123880,123882,123884,123886,123888,123890,123892,123894,123896,123898],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,123881,2766],{"class":216},[73,123883,221],{"class":220},[73,123885,43335],{"class":216},[73,123887,653],{"class":83},[73,123889,41761],{"class":245},[73,123891,84],{"class":83},[73,123893,94],{"class":93},[73,123895,20],{"class":97},[73,123897,94],{"class":93},[73,123899,249],{"class":83},[73,123901,123902],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,123903,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,123905,123906,123908,123910,123912],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,123907,80],{"class":79},[73,123909,84],{"class":83},[73,123911,2800],{"class":245},[73,123913,249],{"class":83},[20,123915,148],{},[64,123917,123918],{"className":66,"code":17567,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,123919,123920],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123921,123922],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123923,17567],{"class":116},[20,123925,64061,123926,123929,123930,653],{},[15,123927,123928],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123931,58073],{},[59,123933,123935],{"id":123934},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123937,123938,123940],{},[15,123939,57530],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[64,123942,123944],{"className":66,"code":123943,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123945,123946,123959],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123947,123948,123950,123952,123954,123957],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123949,217],{"class":216},[73,123951,221],{"class":220},[73,123953,224],{"class":93},[73,123955,123956],{"class":97},"cat dog cat bird cat",[73,123958,230],{"class":93},[73,123960,123961,123963,123965,123967,123969,123971,123973,123975,123977,123979],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,123962,80],{"class":79},[73,123964,84],{"class":83},[73,123966,246],{"class":245},[73,123968,653],{"class":83},[73,123970,41761],{"class":245},[73,123972,84],{"class":83},[73,123974,94],{"class":93},[73,123976,37554],{"class":97},[73,123978,94],{"class":93},[73,123980,102],{"class":83},[20,123982,148],{},[64,123984,123985],{"className":66,"code":163,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,123986,123987],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,123988,123989],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,123990,163],{"class":116},[20,123992,123993],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123995,206],{},[64,123997,123999],{"className":66,"code":123998,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,124000,124001,124014],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,124002,124003,124005,124007,124009,124012],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,124004,217],{"class":216},[73,124006,221],{"class":220},[73,124008,224],{"class":93},[73,124010,124011],{"class":97},"one One one",[73,124013,230],{"class":93},[73,124015,124016,124018,124020,124022,124024,124026,124028,124030,124032,124034],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,124017,80],{"class":79},[73,124019,84],{"class":83},[73,124021,246],{"class":245},[73,124023,653],{"class":83},[73,124025,41761],{"class":245},[73,124027,84],{"class":83},[73,124029,94],{"class":93},[73,124031,7094],{"class":97},[73,124033,94],{"class":93},[73,124035,102],{"class":83},[20,124037,148],{},[64,124039,124040],{"className":66,"code":17567,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,124041,124042],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,124043,124044],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,124045,17567],{"class":116},[20,124047,124048,124049,124052,124053,124055],{},"The uppercase ",[15,124050,124051],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,124054,57530],{}," is case-sensitive.",[59,124057,657,124058,1647,124060],{"id":65648},[15,124059,36579],{},[15,124061,52899],{},[20,124063,124064],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[64,124066,124068],{"className":66,"code":124067,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,124069,124070,124082,124108],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,124071,124072,124074,124076,124078,124080],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,124073,217],{"class":216},[73,124075,221],{"class":220},[73,124077,224],{"class":93},[73,124079,4599],{"class":97},[73,124081,230],{"class":93},[73,124083,124084,124086,124088,124090,124092,124094,124096,124098,124100,124102,124104,124106],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,124085,80],{"class":79},[73,124087,84],{"class":83},[73,124089,246],{"class":245},[73,124091,653],{"class":83},[73,124093,41761],{"class":245},[73,124095,84],{"class":83},[73,124097,94],{"class":93},[73,124099,646],{"class":97},[73,124101,94],{"class":93},[73,124103,140],{"class":83},[73,124105,143],{"class":116},[73,124107,102],{"class":83},[73,124109,124110,124112,124114,124116,124118,124120,124122,124124,124126,124128,124130,124132,124134,124136],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,124111,80],{"class":79},[73,124113,84],{"class":83},[73,124115,246],{"class":245},[73,124117,653],{"class":83},[73,124119,41761],{"class":245},[73,124121,84],{"class":83},[73,124123,94],{"class":93},[73,124125,646],{"class":97},[73,124127,94],{"class":93},[73,124129,140],{"class":83},[73,124131,143],{"class":116},[73,124133,140],{"class":83},[73,124135,5118],{"class":116},[73,124137,102],{"class":83},[20,124139,148],{},[64,124141,124143],{"className":66,"code":124142,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"2\n1\n",[15,124144,124145,124149],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,124146,124147],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,124148,17567],{"class":116},[73,124150,124151],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,124152,508],{"class":116},[403,124154,124156],{"id":124155},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,124158,124159,124160,1063],{},"In ",[15,124161,65516],{},[33,124163,124164,124172,124180],{},[36,124165,71207,124166,124168,124169],{},[15,124167,530],{}," starts at the first ",[15,124170,124171],{},"\"n\"",[36,124173,124174,124177,124178,76281],{},[15,124175,124176],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,124179,530],{},[36,124181,124182,124177,124185,124187,124188],{},[15,124183,124184],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,124186,530],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,124189,688],{},[20,124191,124192],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[64,124194,124196],{"className":66,"code":124195,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,124197,124198,124210],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,124199,124200,124202,124204,124206,124208],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,124201,217],{"class":216},[73,124203,221],{"class":220},[73,124205,224],{"class":93},[73,124207,4599],{"class":97},[73,124209,230],{"class":93},[73,124211,124212,124214,124216,124218,124220,124222,124224,124226],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,124213,80],{"class":79},[73,124215,84],{"class":83},[73,124217,246],{"class":245},[73,124219,4410],{"class":83},[73,124221,530],{"class":116},[73,124223,1063],{"class":83},[73,124225,688],{"class":116},[73,124227,4398],{"class":83},[20,124229,148],{},[64,124231,124232],{"className":66,"code":41970,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,124233,124234],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,124235,124236],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,124237,41970],{"class":216},[20,124239,124240],{},"Only that section is searched.",[59,124242,124244],{"id":124243},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,124246,124247,124055],{},[15,124248,57530],{},[20,124250,2649],{},[33,124252,124253,124261],{},[36,124254,124255,1647,124257,124260],{},[15,124256,18608],{},[15,124258,124259],{},"\"A\""," are different",[36,124262,124263,1647,124265,124260],{},[15,124264,64776],{},[15,124266,90660],{},[20,124268,206],{},[64,124270,124272],{"className":66,"code":124271,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124273,124274,124287],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,124275,124276,124278,124280,124282,124285],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,124277,217],{"class":216},[73,124279,221],{"class":220},[73,124281,224],{"class":93},[73,124283,124284],{"class":97},"Apple apple APPLE",[73,124286,230],{"class":93},[73,124288,124289,124291,124293,124295,124297,124299,124301,124303,124305,124307],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,124290,80],{"class":79},[73,124292,84],{"class":83},[73,124294,246],{"class":245},[73,124296,653],{"class":83},[73,124298,41761],{"class":245},[73,124300,84],{"class":83},[73,124302,94],{"class":93},[73,124304,4590],{"class":97},[73,124306,94],{"class":93},[73,124308,102],{"class":83},[20,124310,148],{},[64,124312,124313],{"className":66,"code":508,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,124314,124315],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,124316,124317],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,124318,508],{"class":116},[20,124320,124321,124322,1063],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[646,124323,124325],{"href":124324},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,124326,124327],{},"lower()",[64,124329,124331],{"className":66,"code":124330,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124332,124333,124345],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,124334,124335,124337,124339,124341,124343],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,124336,217],{"class":216},[73,124338,221],{"class":220},[73,124340,224],{"class":93},[73,124342,124284],{"class":97},[73,124344,230],{"class":93},[73,124346,124347,124349,124351,124353,124355,124357,124359,124361,124363,124365,124367,124369],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,124348,80],{"class":79},[73,124350,84],{"class":83},[73,124352,246],{"class":245},[73,124354,653],{"class":83},[73,124356,9148],{"class":245},[73,124358,9145],{"class":83},[73,124360,41761],{"class":245},[73,124362,84],{"class":83},[73,124364,94],{"class":93},[73,124366,4590],{"class":97},[73,124368,94],{"class":93},[73,124370,102],{"class":83},[20,124372,148],{},[64,124374,124375],{"className":66,"code":163,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,124376,124377],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,124378,124379],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,124380,163],{"class":116},[59,124382,2102],{"id":2101},[20,124384,23604,124385,653],{},[15,124386,57530],{},[403,124388,2300,124390,124392],{"id":124389},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,124391,57530],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,124394,124395],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[64,124397,124399],{"className":66,"code":124398,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124400,124401,124414],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,124402,124403,124405,124407,124409,124412],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,124404,217],{"class":216},[73,124406,221],{"class":220},[73,124408,224],{"class":93},[73,124410,124411],{"class":97},"Aardvark",[73,124413,230],{"class":93},[73,124415,124416,124418,124420,124422,124424,124426,124428,124430,124432,124434],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,124417,80],{"class":79},[73,124419,84],{"class":83},[73,124421,246],{"class":245},[73,124423,653],{"class":83},[73,124425,41761],{"class":245},[73,124427,84],{"class":83},[73,124429,94],{"class":93},[73,124431,646],{"class":97},[73,124433,94],{"class":93},[73,124435,102],{"class":83},[20,124437,148],{},[64,124439,124440],{"className":66,"code":17567,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,124441,124442],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,124443,124444],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,124445,17567],{"class":116},[20,124447,124048,124448,124450],{},[15,124449,124259],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,124452,124453],{},"If needed, convert first:",[64,124455,124457],{"className":66,"code":124456,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124458,124459,124471],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,124460,124461,124463,124465,124467,124469],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,124462,217],{"class":216},[73,124464,221],{"class":220},[73,124466,224],{"class":93},[73,124468,124411],{"class":97},[73,124470,230],{"class":93},[73,124472,124473,124475,124477,124479,124481,124483,124485,124487,124489,124491,124493,124495],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,124474,80],{"class":79},[73,124476,84],{"class":83},[73,124478,246],{"class":245},[73,124480,653],{"class":83},[73,124482,9148],{"class":245},[73,124484,9145],{"class":83},[73,124486,41761],{"class":245},[73,124488,84],{"class":83},[73,124490,94],{"class":93},[73,124492,646],{"class":97},[73,124494,94],{"class":93},[73,124496,102],{"class":83},[403,124498,124500],{"id":124499},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124502,124503],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[64,124505,124507],{"className":66,"code":124506,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124508,124509,124521],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,124510,124511,124513,124515,124517,124519],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,124512,217],{"class":216},[73,124514,221],{"class":220},[73,124516,224],{"class":93},[73,124518,4599],{"class":97},[73,124520,230],{"class":93},[73,124522,124523,124525,124527,124529,124531,124533,124535,124537],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,124524,80],{"class":79},[73,124526,84],{"class":83},[73,124528,246],{"class":245},[73,124530,653],{"class":83},[73,124532,41761],{"class":245},[73,124534,84],{"class":83},[73,124536,646],{"class":245},[73,124538,102],{"class":83},[20,124540,124541,124542,653],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124543,646],{},[20,124545,11315],{},[64,124547,124549],{"className":66,"code":124548,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124550,124551,124563],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,124552,124553,124555,124557,124559,124561],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,124554,217],{"class":216},[73,124556,221],{"class":220},[73,124558,224],{"class":93},[73,124560,4599],{"class":97},[73,124562,230],{"class":93},[73,124564,124565,124567,124569,124571,124573,124575,124577,124579,124581,124583],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,124566,80],{"class":79},[73,124568,84],{"class":83},[73,124570,246],{"class":245},[73,124572,653],{"class":83},[73,124574,41761],{"class":245},[73,124576,84],{"class":83},[73,124578,94],{"class":93},[73,124580,646],{"class":97},[73,124582,94],{"class":93},[73,124584,102],{"class":83},[403,124586,37711,124588,9213,124590,3408,124593],{"id":124587},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124589,57530],{},[15,124591,124592],{},"find()",[15,124594,59208],{},[20,124596,171,124597,124599,124600,653],{},[15,124598,57530],{}," when you need the ",[1194,124601,124602],{},"number of matches",[20,124604,171,124605,124599,124610,124612],{},[646,124606,124608],{"href":124607},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124609,124592],{},[1194,124611,65188],{}," of the first match.",[20,124614,171,124615,124620],{},[646,124616,124618],{"href":124617},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124619,59208],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[403,124622,124624],{"id":124623},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124626,124627,124629],{},[15,124628,57530],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124631,206],{},[64,124633,124635],{"className":66,"code":124634,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124636,124637,124650],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,124638,124639,124641,124643,124645,124648],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,124640,217],{"class":216},[73,124642,221],{"class":220},[73,124644,224],{"class":93},[73,124646,124647],{"class":97},"aaaa",[73,124649,230],{"class":93},[73,124651,124652,124654,124656,124658,124660,124662,124664,124666,124669,124671],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,124653,80],{"class":79},[73,124655,84],{"class":83},[73,124657,246],{"class":245},[73,124659,653],{"class":83},[73,124661,41761],{"class":245},[73,124663,84],{"class":83},[73,124665,94],{"class":93},[73,124667,124668],{"class":97},"aa",[73,124670,94],{"class":93},[73,124672,102],{"class":83},[20,124674,148],{},[64,124676,124677],{"className":66,"code":17567,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,124678,124679],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,124680,124681],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,124682,17567],{"class":116},[20,124684,124685,124686,653],{},"It does not return ",[15,124687,1304],{},[20,124689,124690],{},"Why not?",[20,124692,124693],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[33,124695,124696,124705],{},[36,124697,124698,124701,124702],{},[15,124699,124700],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124703,124704],{},"0-1",[36,124706,124707,124701,124709],{},[15,124708,124700],{},[15,124710,124711],{},"2-3",[20,124713,124714,124715,653],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124716,124717],{},"1-2",[59,124719,1999,124720],{"id":58613},[15,124721,57530],{},[20,124723,171,124724,124726],{},[15,124725,57530],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124728,124729],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[33,124731,124732,124741,124751,124761],{},[36,124733,171,124734,124736,124737,124740],{},[15,124735,57530],{}," when you need ",[1194,124738,124739],{},"how many times"," something appears",[36,124742,171,124743,124736,124747,124750],{},[646,124744,124745],{"href":124607},[15,124746,124592],{},[1194,124748,124749],{},"where"," it appears",[36,124752,1459,124753,124757,124758],{},[646,124754,124755,101843],{"href":123852},[15,124756,940],{}," when you only need to know ",[1194,124759,124760],{},"if it exists",[36,124762,171,124763,124769],{},[646,124764,124766],{"href":124765},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124767,124768],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[59,124771,26452],{"id":26451},[20,124773,9384,124774,124776],{},[15,124775,57530],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[64,124778,124780],{"className":66,"code":124779,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124781,124782,124792,124806,124828,124854],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,124783,124784,124786,124788,124790],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,124785,80],{"class":79},[73,124787,84],{"class":83},[73,124789,246],{"class":245},[73,124791,249],{"class":83},[73,124793,124794,124796,124798,124800,124802,124804],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,124795,80],{"class":79},[73,124797,84],{"class":83},[73,124799,288],{"class":87},[73,124801,84],{"class":83},[73,124803,246],{"class":245},[73,124805,102],{"class":83},[73,124807,124808,124810,124812,124814,124816,124818,124820,124822,124824,124826],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,124809,80],{"class":79},[73,124811,84],{"class":83},[73,124813,246],{"class":245},[73,124815,653],{"class":83},[73,124817,41761],{"class":245},[73,124819,84],{"class":83},[73,124821,94],{"class":93},[73,124823,646],{"class":97},[73,124825,94],{"class":93},[73,124827,102],{"class":83},[73,124829,124830,124832,124834,124836,124838,124840,124842,124844,124846,124848,124850,124852],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,124831,80],{"class":79},[73,124833,84],{"class":83},[73,124835,246],{"class":245},[73,124837,653],{"class":83},[73,124839,9148],{"class":245},[73,124841,9145],{"class":83},[73,124843,41761],{"class":245},[73,124845,84],{"class":83},[73,124847,94],{"class":93},[73,124849,646],{"class":97},[73,124851,94],{"class":93},[73,124853,102],{"class":83},[73,124855,124856,124858,124860,124862,124864,124866,124868,124870,124872,124874],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,124857,80],{"class":79},[73,124859,84],{"class":83},[73,124861,246],{"class":245},[73,124863,653],{"class":83},[73,124865,41761],{"class":245},[73,124867,84],{"class":83},[73,124869,94],{"class":93},[73,124871,123690],{"class":97},[73,124873,94],{"class":93},[73,124875,102],{"class":83},[20,124877,124878],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[33,124880,124881,124884,124889,124892],{},[36,124882,124883],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[36,124885,124886,124888],{},[15,124887,246],{}," not being a string",[36,124890,124891],{},"counting the wrong substring",[36,124893,124894],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124896,59102],{},[33,124898,124899,124902,124905,124908],{},[36,124900,124901],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[36,124903,124904],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[36,124906,124907],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[36,124909,50729,124910,45121,124912,3408,124914,73553],{},[15,124911,57530],{},[15,124913,124592],{},[15,124915,940],{},[59,124917,2350],{"id":2349},[403,124919,124921,124922,124924],{"id":124920},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124923,57530],{}," change the original string?",[20,124926,124927],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[403,124929,15412,124931,124933],{"id":124930},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124932,57530],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124935,124936],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[403,124938,2387,124940,124942],{"id":124939},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124941,57530],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124944,2394,124945,653],{},[15,124946,806],{},[403,124948,5681,124950,124952],{"id":124949},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124951,57530],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124954,124955],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[403,124957,2354,124959,124961],{"id":124958},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124960,57530],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124963,124964],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[59,124966,2413],{"id":2412},[33,124968,124969,124976,124983,124990,124997],{},[36,124970,124971],{},[646,124972,124973],{"href":124607},[15,124974,124975],{},"Python string find() method",[36,124977,124978],{},[646,124979,124980],{"href":124617},[15,124981,124982],{},"Python string index() method",[36,124984,124985],{},[646,124986,124987],{"href":124324},[15,124988,124989],{},"Python string lower() method",[36,124991,124992],{},[646,124993,124994],{"href":123852},[15,124995,124996],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[36,124998,124999],{},[646,125000,125001],{"href":124765},[15,125002,125003],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2459,125005,125006],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":125008},[125009,125010,125012,125015,125016,125017,125018,125021,125022,125030,125031,125032,125044],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":123718,"depth":105,"text":125011},"What the count() method does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370,"children":125013},[125014],{"id":17905,"depth":122,"text":17906},{"id":17929,"depth":105,"text":17930},{"id":11984,"depth":105,"text":11985},{"id":123934,"depth":105,"text":123935},{"id":65648,"depth":105,"text":66431,"children":125019},[125020],{"id":124155,"depth":122,"text":124156},{"id":124243,"depth":105,"text":124244},{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102,"children":125023},[125024,125026,125027,125029],{"id":124389,"depth":122,"text":125025},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124499,"depth":122,"text":124500},{"id":124587,"depth":122,"text":125028},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124623,"depth":122,"text":124624},{"id":58613,"depth":105,"text":59244},{"id":26451,"depth":105,"text":26452},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":125033},[125034,125036,125038,125040,125042],{"id":124920,"depth":122,"text":125035},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124930,"depth":122,"text":125037},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124939,"depth":122,"text":125039},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124949,"depth":122,"text":125041},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124958,"depth":122,"text":125043},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123591,"description":125045},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":125052,"title":125053,"body":125054,"description":126639,"extension":2511,"meta":126640,"navigation":254,"path":126641,"seo":126642,"stem":126643,"__hash__":126644},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":125055,"toc":126612},[125056,125059,125062,125159,125168,125170,125189,125193,125196,125199,125212,125215,125244,125249,125254,125312,125314,125347,125353,125357,125360,125363,125392,125395,125422,125425,125428,125432,125435,125442,125505,125507,125525,125528,125532,125535,125538,125580,125583,125627,125630,125633,125637,125642,125645,125688,125690,125713,125716,125749,125752,125801,125811,125815,125818,125821,125850,125853,125864,125866,125925,125928,125932,125935,125938,125953,125962,125965,125999,126002,126029,126032,126039,126041,126044,126046,126049,126063,126072,126074,126101,126105,126108,126122,126125,126184,126188,126191,126218,126221,126248,126256,126259,126319,126321,126354,126358,126361,126380,126385,126434,126439,126441,126444,126503,126521,126523,126527,126535,126539,126542,126546,126552,126556,126566,126570,126573,126575,126609],[10,125057,125053],{"id":125058},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,125060,125061],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[64,125063,125065],{"className":66,"code":125064,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,125066,125067,125079,125091,125100,125114,125118,125128,125138,125149],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125068,125069,125071,125073,125075,125077],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125070,8387],{"class":216},[73,125072,221],{"class":220},[73,125074,224],{"class":93},[73,125076,5517],{"class":97},[73,125078,230],{"class":93},[73,125080,125081,125083,125085,125087,125089],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,125082,90249],{"class":216},[73,125084,221],{"class":220},[73,125086,337],{"class":93},[73,125088,35373],{"class":97},[73,125090,1070],{"class":93},[73,125092,125093,125096,125098],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,125094,125095],{"class":216},"empty ",[73,125097,221],{"class":220},[73,125099,8392],{"class":93},[73,125101,125102,125104,125106,125108,125110,125112],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,125103,217],{"class":216},[73,125105,221],{"class":220},[73,125107,49141],{"class":87},[73,125109,84],{"class":83},[73,125111,50483],{"class":116},[73,125113,249],{"class":83},[73,125115,125116],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,125117,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,125119,125120,125122,125124,125126],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,125121,80],{"class":79},[73,125123,84],{"class":83},[73,125125,8177],{"class":245},[73,125127,249],{"class":83},[73,125129,125130,125132,125134,125136],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,125131,80],{"class":79},[73,125133,84],{"class":83},[73,125135,90266],{"class":245},[73,125137,249],{"class":83},[73,125139,125140,125142,125144,125147],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,125141,80],{"class":79},[73,125143,84],{"class":83},[73,125145,125146],{"class":245},"empty",[73,125148,249],{"class":83},[73,125150,125151,125153,125155,125157],{"class":75,"line":6940},[73,125152,80],{"class":79},[73,125154,84],{"class":83},[73,125156,246],{"class":245},[73,125158,249],{"class":83},[20,125160,125161,125164,125165,125167],{},[1194,125162,125163],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,125166,1326],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[59,125169,15672],{"id":15671},[33,125171,125172,125175,125178,125181,125186],{},[36,125173,125174],{},"What a string is in Python",[36,125176,125177],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[36,125179,125180],{},"How to create an empty string",[36,125182,125183,125184],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,125185,1326],{},[36,125187,125188],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[59,125190,125192],{"id":125191},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,125194,125195],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,125197,125198],{},"Strings can contain:",[33,125200,125201,125204,125206,125209],{},[36,125202,125203],{},"Letters",[36,125205,56701],{},[36,125207,125208],{},"Spaces",[36,125210,125211],{},"Symbols",[20,125213,125214],{},"Examples of strings:",[64,125216,125218],{"className":66,"code":125217,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,125219,125220,125228,125236],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125221,125222,125224,125226],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125223,94],{"class":1033},[73,125225,4357],{"class":1036},[73,125227,230],{"class":1033},[73,125229,125230,125232,125234],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,125231,94],{"class":1033},[73,125233,50483],{"class":1036},[73,125235,230],{"class":1033},[73,125237,125238,125240,125242],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,125239,94],{"class":1033},[73,125241,89391],{"class":1036},[73,125243,230],{"class":1033},[20,125245,21490,125246,125248],{},[15,125247,50533],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,125250,125251,125252,1063],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,125253,2837],{},[64,125255,125257],{"className":66,"code":125256,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,125258,125259,125271,125280,125284,125298],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125260,125261,125263,125265,125267,125269],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125262,217],{"class":216},[73,125264,221],{"class":220},[73,125266,224],{"class":93},[73,125268,50483],{"class":97},[73,125270,230],{"class":93},[73,125272,125273,125275,125277],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,125274,235],{"class":216},[73,125276,221],{"class":220},[73,125278,125279],{"class":116}," 123\n",[73,125281,125282],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,125283,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,125285,125286,125288,125290,125292,125294,125296],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,125287,80],{"class":79},[73,125289,84],{"class":83},[73,125291,288],{"class":87},[73,125293,84],{"class":83},[73,125295,246],{"class":245},[73,125297,102],{"class":83},[73,125299,125300,125302,125304,125306,125308,125310],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,125301,80],{"class":79},[73,125303,84],{"class":83},[73,125305,288],{"class":87},[73,125307,84],{"class":83},[73,125309,276],{"class":245},[73,125311,102],{"class":83},[20,125313,148],{},[64,125315,125317],{"className":66,"code":125316,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,125318,125319,125333],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125320,125321,125323,125325,125327,125329,125331],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125322,330],{"class":220},[73,125324,334],{"class":333},[73,125326,337],{"class":93},[73,125328,340],{"class":97},[73,125330,343],{"class":93},[73,125332,346],{"class":220},[73,125334,125335,125337,125339,125341,125343,125345],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,125336,330],{"class":220},[73,125338,334],{"class":333},[73,125340,337],{"class":93},[73,125342,88],{"class":97},[73,125344,343],{"class":93},[73,125346,346],{"class":220},[20,125348,125349,125350,653],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[646,125351,125352],{"href":51213},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[59,125354,125356],{"id":125355},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,125358,125359],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,125361,125362],{},"You can use single quotes:",[64,125364,125366],{"className":66,"code":125365,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125367,125368,125381],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125369,125370,125373,125375,125377,125379],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125371,125372],{"class":216},"greeting ",[73,125374,221],{"class":220},[73,125376,337],{"class":93},[73,125378,4357],{"class":97},[73,125380,1070],{"class":93},[73,125382,125383,125385,125387,125390],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,125384,80],{"class":79},[73,125386,84],{"class":83},[73,125388,125389],{"class":245},"greeting",[73,125391,249],{"class":83},[20,125393,125394],{},"Or double quotes:",[64,125396,125398],{"className":66,"code":125397,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125399,125400,125412],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125401,125402,125404,125406,125408,125410],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125403,125372],{"class":216},[73,125405,221],{"class":220},[73,125407,224],{"class":93},[73,125409,4357],{"class":97},[73,125411,230],{"class":93},[73,125413,125414,125416,125418,125420],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,125415,80],{"class":79},[73,125417,84],{"class":83},[73,125419,125389],{"class":245},[73,125421,249],{"class":83},[20,125423,125424],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,125426,125427],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[59,125429,125431],{"id":125430},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,125433,125434],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,125436,125437,125438,3408,125440,1063],{},"Use either ",[15,125439,6783],{},[15,125441,1107],{},[64,125443,125445],{"className":66,"code":125444,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125446,125447,125456,125465,125469,125480,125491],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125448,125449,125452,125454],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125450,125451],{"class":216},"empty1 ",[73,125453,221],{"class":220},[73,125455,8392],{"class":93},[73,125457,125458,125461,125463],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,125459,125460],{"class":216},"empty2 ",[73,125462,221],{"class":220},[73,125464,1128],{"class":93},[73,125466,125467],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,125468,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,125470,125471,125473,125475,125478],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,125472,80],{"class":79},[73,125474,84],{"class":83},[73,125476,125477],{"class":245},"empty1",[73,125479,249],{"class":83},[73,125481,125482,125484,125486,125489],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,125483,80],{"class":79},[73,125485,84],{"class":83},[73,125487,125488],{"class":245},"empty2",[73,125490,249],{"class":83},[73,125492,125493,125495,125497,125499,125501,125503],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,125494,80],{"class":79},[73,125496,84],{"class":83},[73,125498,288],{"class":87},[73,125500,84],{"class":83},[73,125502,125477],{"class":245},[73,125504,102],{"class":83},[20,125506,148],{},[64,125508,125509],{"className":66,"code":46261,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,125510,125511],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125512,125513,125515,125517,125519,125521,125523],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125514,330],{"class":220},[73,125516,334],{"class":333},[73,125518,337],{"class":93},[73,125520,340],{"class":97},[73,125522,343],{"class":93},[73,125524,346],{"class":220},[20,125526,125527],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[59,125529,125531],{"id":125530},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125533,125534],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125536,125537],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[64,125539,125541],{"className":66,"code":125540,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125542,125543,125554,125559,125566,125570],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125544,125545,125547,125549,125552],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125546,90249],{"class":216},[73,125548,221],{"class":220},[73,125550,125551],{"class":93}," \"\"\"",[73,125553,89191],{"class":97},[73,125555,125556],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,125557,125558],{"class":97},"Welcome to Python\n",[73,125560,125561,125564],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,125562,125563],{"class":97},"Have a nice day",[73,125565,43828],{"class":93},[73,125567,125568],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,125569,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,125571,125572,125574,125576,125578],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,125573,80],{"class":79},[73,125575,84],{"class":83},[73,125577,90266],{"class":245},[73,125579,249],{"class":83},[20,125581,125582],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[64,125584,125586],{"className":66,"code":125585,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125587,125588,125600,125605,125613,125617],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125589,125590,125592,125594,125597],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125591,90249],{"class":216},[73,125593,221],{"class":220},[73,125595,125596],{"class":93}," '''",[73,125598,125599],{"class":97},"Line 1\n",[73,125601,125602],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,125603,125604],{"class":97},"Line 2\n",[73,125606,125607,125610],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,125608,125609],{"class":97},"Line 3",[73,125611,125612],{"class":93},"'''\n",[73,125614,125615],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,125616,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,125618,125619,125621,125623,125625],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,125620,80],{"class":79},[73,125622,84],{"class":83},[73,125624,90266],{"class":245},[73,125626,249],{"class":83},[20,125628,125629],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125631,125632],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[59,125634,125636],{"id":125635},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125638,1580,125639,125641],{},[15,125640,1326],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125643,125644],{},"Example with a number:",[64,125646,125648],{"className":66,"code":125647,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125649,125650,125664,125674],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125651,125652,125654,125656,125658,125660,125662],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125653,217],{"class":216},[73,125655,221],{"class":220},[73,125657,49141],{"class":87},[73,125659,84],{"class":83},[73,125661,45],{"class":116},[73,125663,249],{"class":83},[73,125665,125666,125668,125670,125672],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,125667,80],{"class":79},[73,125669,84],{"class":83},[73,125671,246],{"class":245},[73,125673,249],{"class":83},[73,125675,125676,125678,125680,125682,125684,125686],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,125677,80],{"class":79},[73,125679,84],{"class":83},[73,125681,288],{"class":87},[73,125683,84],{"class":83},[73,125685,246],{"class":245},[73,125687,102],{"class":83},[20,125689,148],{},[64,125691,125693],{"className":66,"code":125692,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125694,125695,125699],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125696,125697],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125698,158],{"class":116},[73,125700,125701,125703,125705,125707,125709,125711],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,125702,330],{"class":220},[73,125704,334],{"class":333},[73,125706,337],{"class":93},[73,125708,340],{"class":97},[73,125710,343],{"class":93},[73,125712,346],{"class":220},[20,125714,125715],{},"You can also convert other values:",[64,125717,125719],{"className":66,"code":125718,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125720,125721,125735],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125722,125723,125725,125727,125729,125731,125733],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125724,80],{"class":79},[73,125726,84],{"class":83},[73,125728,340],{"class":87},[73,125730,84],{"class":83},[73,125732,430],{"class":484},[73,125734,102],{"class":83},[73,125736,125737,125739,125741,125743,125745,125747],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,125738,80],{"class":79},[73,125740,84],{"class":83},[73,125742,340],{"class":87},[73,125744,84],{"class":83},[73,125746,896],{"class":116},[73,125748,102],{"class":83},[20,125750,125751],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[64,125753,125755],{"className":66,"code":125754,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125756,125757,125765,125787,125791],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125758,125759,125761,125763],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125760,2056],{"class":216},[73,125762,221],{"class":220},[73,125764,45717],{"class":116},[73,125766,125767,125769,125771,125773,125775,125777,125779,125781,125783,125785],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,125768,90249],{"class":216},[73,125770,221],{"class":220},[73,125772,224],{"class":93},[73,125774,89667],{"class":97},[73,125776,94],{"class":93},[73,125778,2985],{"class":220},[73,125780,49141],{"class":87},[73,125782,84],{"class":83},[73,125784,9804],{"class":245},[73,125786,249],{"class":83},[73,125788,125789],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,125790,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,125792,125793,125795,125797,125799],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,125794,80],{"class":79},[73,125796,84],{"class":83},[73,125798,90266],{"class":245},[73,125800,249],{"class":83},[20,125802,125803,125804,3408,125808,653],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[646,125805,13,125806,2422],{"href":1323},[15,125807,1326],{},[646,125809,125810],{"href":123522},"how to convert int to string in Python",[59,125812,125814],{"id":125813},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125816,125817],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125819,125820],{},"Both of these are valid:",[64,125822,125824],{"className":66,"code":125823,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125825,125826,125838],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125827,125828,125830,125832,125834,125836],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125829,3086],{"class":216},[73,125831,221],{"class":220},[73,125833,337],{"class":93},[73,125835,7807],{"class":97},[73,125837,1070],{"class":93},[73,125839,125840,125842,125844,125846,125848],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,125841,3114],{"class":216},[73,125843,221],{"class":220},[73,125845,224],{"class":93},[73,125847,7807],{"class":97},[73,125849,230],{"class":93},[20,125851,125852],{},"A common rule is:",[33,125854,125855,125858,125861],{},[36,125856,125857],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[36,125859,125860],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[36,125862,125863],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125865,206],{},[64,125867,125869],{"className":66,"code":125868,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125870,125871,125885,125899,125903,125914],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125872,125873,125876,125878,125880,125883],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125874,125875],{"class":216},"text1 ",[73,125877,221],{"class":220},[73,125879,224],{"class":93},[73,125881,125882],{"class":97},"It's working",[73,125884,230],{"class":93},[73,125886,125887,125890,125892,125894,125897],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,125888,125889],{"class":216},"text2 ",[73,125891,221],{"class":220},[73,125893,337],{"class":93},[73,125895,125896],{"class":97},"She said \"hello\"",[73,125898,1070],{"class":93},[73,125900,125901],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,125902,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,125904,125905,125907,125909,125912],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,125906,80],{"class":79},[73,125908,84],{"class":83},[73,125910,125911],{"class":245},"text1",[73,125913,249],{"class":83},[73,125915,125916,125918,125920,125923],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,125917,80],{"class":79},[73,125919,84],{"class":83},[73,125921,125922],{"class":245},"text2",[73,125924,249],{"class":83},[20,125926,125927],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[59,125929,125931],{"id":125930},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125933,125934],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125936,125937],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[64,125939,125941],{"className":66,"code":125940,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125942,125943,125948],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125944,125945],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125946,125947],{"class":769},"# This will cause an error\n",[73,125949,125950],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,125951,125952],{"class":769},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125954,125955,125956,35836,125958,125961],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125957,343],{},[15,125959,125960],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125963,125964],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[64,125966,125968],{"className":66,"code":125967,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125969,125970,125989],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,125971,125972,125974,125976,125978,125981,125984,125987],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,125973,217],{"class":216},[73,125975,221],{"class":220},[73,125977,337],{"class":93},[73,125979,125980],{"class":97},"It",[73,125982,125983],{"class":34960},"\\'",[73,125985,125986],{"class":97},"s working",[73,125988,1070],{"class":93},[73,125990,125991,125993,125995,125997],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,125992,80],{"class":79},[73,125994,84],{"class":83},[73,125996,246],{"class":245},[73,125998,249],{"class":83},[20,126000,126001],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[64,126003,126005],{"className":66,"code":126004,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126006,126007,126019],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126008,126009,126011,126013,126015,126017],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126010,217],{"class":216},[73,126012,221],{"class":220},[73,126014,224],{"class":93},[73,126016,125882],{"class":97},[73,126018,230],{"class":93},[73,126020,126021,126023,126025,126027],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,126022,80],{"class":79},[73,126024,84],{"class":83},[73,126026,246],{"class":245},[73,126028,249],{"class":83},[20,126030,126031],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,126033,126034,126035,653],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[646,126036,126038],{"href":126037},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[59,126040,2102],{"id":2101},[20,126042,126043],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[403,126045,90456],{"id":90455},[20,126047,126048],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[64,126050,126052],{"className":66,"code":126051,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,126053,126054,126058],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126055,126056],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126057,125947],{"class":769},[73,126059,126060],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,126061,126062],{"class":769},"# name = Alice\n",[20,126064,126065,126066,1631,126069,126071],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,126067,126068],{},"NameError",[15,126070,5517],{}," is not defined.",[20,126073,11315],{},[64,126075,126077],{"className":66,"code":126076,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,126078,126079,126091],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126080,126081,126083,126085,126087,126089],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126082,8387],{"class":216},[73,126084,221],{"class":220},[73,126086,224],{"class":93},[73,126088,5517],{"class":97},[73,126090,230],{"class":93},[73,126092,126093,126095,126097,126099],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,126094,80],{"class":79},[73,126096,84],{"class":83},[73,126098,8177],{"class":245},[73,126100,249],{"class":83},[403,126102,126104],{"id":126103},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,126106,126107],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[64,126109,126111],{"className":66,"code":126110,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,126112,126113,126117],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126114,126115],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126116,125947],{"class":769},[73,126118,126119],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,126120,126121],{"class":769},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,126123,126124],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[64,126126,126128],{"className":66,"code":126127,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,126129,126130,126147,126160,126164,126174],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126131,126132,126134,126136,126138,126140,126142,126145],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126133,125875],{"class":216},[73,126135,221],{"class":220},[73,126137,337],{"class":93},[73,126139,125980],{"class":97},[73,126141,125983],{"class":34960},[73,126143,126144],{"class":97},"s good",[73,126146,1070],{"class":93},[73,126148,126149,126151,126153,126155,126158],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,126150,125889],{"class":216},[73,126152,221],{"class":220},[73,126154,224],{"class":93},[73,126156,126157],{"class":97},"It's good",[73,126159,230],{"class":93},[73,126161,126162],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,126163,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,126165,126166,126168,126170,126172],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,126167,80],{"class":79},[73,126169,84],{"class":83},[73,126171,125911],{"class":245},[73,126173,249],{"class":83},[73,126175,126176,126178,126180,126182],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,126177,80],{"class":79},[73,126179,84],{"class":83},[73,126181,125922],{"class":245},[73,126183,249],{"class":83},[403,126185,126187],{"id":126186},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,126189,126190],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[64,126192,126194],{"className":66,"code":126193,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126195,126196,126208],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126197,126198,126200,126202,126204,126206],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126199,217],{"class":216},[73,126201,221],{"class":220},[73,126203,125551],{"class":93},[73,126205,4357],{"class":97},[73,126207,43828],{"class":93},[73,126209,126210,126212,126214,126216],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,126211,80],{"class":79},[73,126213,84],{"class":83},[73,126215,246],{"class":245},[73,126217,249],{"class":83},[20,126219,126220],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[64,126222,126224],{"className":66,"code":126223,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126225,126226,126238],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126227,126228,126230,126232,126234,126236],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126229,217],{"class":216},[73,126231,221],{"class":220},[73,126233,224],{"class":93},[73,126235,4357],{"class":97},[73,126237,230],{"class":93},[73,126239,126240,126242,126244,126246],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,126241,80],{"class":79},[73,126243,84],{"class":83},[73,126245,246],{"class":245},[73,126247,249],{"class":83},[403,126249,5092,126251,1647,126253,126255],{"id":126250},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,126252,50483],{},[15,126254,50533],{}," are the same type",[20,126257,126258],{},"They are different:",[64,126260,126262],{"className":66,"code":126261,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,126263,126264,126273,126286,126290,126304],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126265,126266,126269,126271],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126267,126268],{"class":216},"value1 ",[73,126270,221],{"class":220},[73,126272,125279],{"class":116},[73,126274,126275,126278,126280,126282,126284],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,126276,126277],{"class":216},"value2 ",[73,126279,221],{"class":220},[73,126281,224],{"class":93},[73,126283,50483],{"class":97},[73,126285,230],{"class":93},[73,126287,126288],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,126289,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,126291,126292,126294,126296,126298,126300,126302],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,126293,80],{"class":79},[73,126295,84],{"class":83},[73,126297,288],{"class":87},[73,126299,84],{"class":83},[73,126301,85012],{"class":245},[73,126303,102],{"class":83},[73,126305,126306,126308,126310,126312,126314,126317],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,126307,80],{"class":79},[73,126309,84],{"class":83},[73,126311,288],{"class":87},[73,126313,84],{"class":83},[73,126315,126316],{"class":245},"value2",[73,126318,102],{"class":83},[20,126320,148],{},[64,126322,126324],{"className":66,"code":126323,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,126325,126326,126340],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126327,126328,126330,126332,126334,126336,126338],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126329,330],{"class":220},[73,126331,334],{"class":333},[73,126333,337],{"class":93},[73,126335,88],{"class":97},[73,126337,343],{"class":93},[73,126339,346],{"class":220},[73,126341,126342,126344,126346,126348,126350,126352],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,126343,330],{"class":220},[73,126345,334],{"class":333},[73,126347,337],{"class":93},[73,126349,340],{"class":97},[73,126351,343],{"class":93},[73,126353,346],{"class":220},[403,126355,126357],{"id":126356},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,126359,126360],{},"This causes a type error:",[64,126362,126364],{"className":66,"code":126363,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,126365,126366,126370,126375],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126367,126368],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126369,125947],{"class":769},[73,126371,126372],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,126373,126374],{"class":769},"# age = 10\n",[73,126376,126377],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,126378,126379],{"class":769},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,126381,126382,126383,1063],{},"Fix it with ",[15,126384,1326],{},[64,126386,126388],{"className":66,"code":126387,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126389,126390,126398,126420,126424],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126391,126392,126394,126396],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126393,2056],{"class":216},[73,126395,221],{"class":220},[73,126397,3119],{"class":116},[73,126399,126400,126402,126404,126406,126408,126410,126412,126414,126416,126418],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,126401,90249],{"class":216},[73,126403,221],{"class":220},[73,126405,224],{"class":93},[73,126407,89667],{"class":97},[73,126409,94],{"class":93},[73,126411,2985],{"class":220},[73,126413,49141],{"class":87},[73,126415,84],{"class":83},[73,126417,9804],{"class":245},[73,126419,249],{"class":83},[73,126421,126422],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,126423,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,126425,126426,126428,126430,126432],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,126427,80],{"class":79},[73,126429,84],{"class":83},[73,126431,90266],{"class":245},[73,126433,249],{"class":83},[20,126435,126436,126437,653],{},"For this specific error, see ",[646,126438,90648],{"href":90647},[403,126440,60951],{"id":60950},[20,126442,126443],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[64,126445,126447],{"className":66,"code":126446,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126448,126449,126461,126465,126475,126489],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126450,126451,126453,126455,126457,126459],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126452,217],{"class":216},[73,126454,221],{"class":220},[73,126456,224],{"class":93},[73,126458,4357],{"class":97},[73,126460,230],{"class":93},[73,126462,126463],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,126464,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,126466,126467,126469,126471,126473],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,126468,80],{"class":79},[73,126470,84],{"class":83},[73,126472,246],{"class":245},[73,126474,249],{"class":83},[73,126476,126477,126479,126481,126483,126485,126487],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,126478,80],{"class":79},[73,126480,84],{"class":83},[73,126482,288],{"class":87},[73,126484,84],{"class":83},[73,126486,246],{"class":245},[73,126488,102],{"class":83},[73,126490,126491,126493,126495,126497,126499,126501],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,126492,80],{"class":79},[73,126494,84],{"class":83},[73,126496,42279],{"class":79},[73,126498,84],{"class":83},[73,126500,246],{"class":245},[73,126502,102],{"class":83},[33,126504,126505,126510,126515],{},[36,126506,126507,46767],{},[15,126508,126509],{},"print(text)",[36,126511,126512,46772],{},[15,126513,126514],{},"print(type(text))",[36,126516,126517,126520],{},[15,126518,126519],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[59,126522,2350],{"id":2349},[403,126524,126526],{"id":126525},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126528,126529,126530,3408,126533,653],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126531,126532],{},"'hello'",[15,126534,64776],{},[403,126536,126538],{"id":126537},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126540,126541],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[403,126543,126545],{"id":126544},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126547,171,126548,3408,126550,653],{},[15,126549,6783],{},[15,126551,1107],{},[403,126553,126555],{"id":126554},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126557,171,126558,126560,126561,126563,126564,653],{},[15,126559,1326],{},", like ",[15,126562,80622],{},", which returns ",[15,126565,419],{},[403,126567,126569],{"id":126568},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126571,126572],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[59,126574,2413],{"id":2412},[33,126576,126577,126581,126587,126592,126601,126605],{},[36,126578,126579],{},[646,126580,125352],{"href":51213},[36,126582,126583],{},[646,126584,13,126585,2422],{"href":1323},[15,126586,1326],{},[36,126588,126589],{},[646,126590,126591],{"href":123522},"How to convert int to string in Python",[36,126593,126594],{},[646,126595,126597,126598,11248],{"href":126596},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126599,126600],{},"format()",[36,126602,126603],{},[646,126604,126038],{"href":126037},[36,126606,126607],{},[646,126608,90648],{"href":90647},[2459,126610,126611],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":126613},[126614,126615,126616,126617,126618,126619,126620,126621,126622,126631,126638],{"id":15671,"depth":105,"text":15672},{"id":125191,"depth":105,"text":125192},{"id":125355,"depth":105,"text":125356},{"id":125430,"depth":105,"text":125431},{"id":125530,"depth":105,"text":125531},{"id":125635,"depth":105,"text":125636},{"id":125813,"depth":105,"text":125814},{"id":125930,"depth":105,"text":125931},{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102,"children":126623},[126624,126625,126626,126627,126629,126630],{"id":90455,"depth":122,"text":90456},{"id":126103,"depth":122,"text":126104},{"id":126186,"depth":122,"text":126187},{"id":126250,"depth":122,"text":126628},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126356,"depth":122,"text":126357},{"id":60950,"depth":122,"text":60951},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":126632},[126633,126634,126635,126636,126637],{"id":126525,"depth":122,"text":126526},{"id":126537,"depth":122,"text":126538},{"id":126544,"depth":122,"text":126545},{"id":126554,"depth":122,"text":126555},{"id":126568,"depth":122,"text":126569},{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":125053,"description":126639},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126646,"title":126647,"body":126648,"description":128562,"extension":2511,"meta":128563,"navigation":254,"path":128564,"seo":128565,"stem":128566,"__hash__":128567},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126649,"toc":128523},[126650,126656,126661,126669,126671,126738,126740,126752,126761,126766,126770,126787,126789,126854,126856,126868,126873,126875,126903,126924,126927,126966,126968,126976,126980,126984,126988,126996,126999,127040,127042,127050,127053,127110,127112,127120,127124,127129,127173,127175,127183,127192,127196,127201,127249,127251,127259,127265,127267,127271,127283,127288,127367,127369,127389,127393,127397,127437,127439,127447,127451,127494,127496,127504,127508,127548,127550,127558,127562,127618,127620,127628,127634,127636,127640,127650,127717,127719,127732,127739,127782,127784,127792,127796,127799,127855,127857,127865,127868,127870,127947,127949,127957,127966,127968,127972,127976,127978,128000,128003,128050,128054,128093,128095,128103,128105,128147,128154,128159,128221,128223,128235,128241,128246,128295,128297,128316,128322,128324,128343,128345,128436,128438,128444,128451,128457,128463,128468,128477,128484,128492,128494,128520],[10,126651,123597,126653,11831],{"id":126652},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126654,126655],{},"endswith()",[20,126657,123602,126658,126660],{},[15,126659,126655],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126662,126663,126664,3408,126666,126668],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126665,430],{},[15,126667,1367],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[59,126670,62],{"id":61},[64,126672,126674],{"className":66,"code":126673,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126675,126676,126690,126715],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126677,126678,126681,126683,126685,126688],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126679,126680],{"class":216},"filename ",[73,126682,221],{"class":220},[73,126684,224],{"class":93},[73,126686,126687],{"class":97},"report.csv",[73,126689,230],{"class":93},[73,126691,126692,126694,126696,126699,126701,126704,126706,126708,126711,126713],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,126693,80],{"class":79},[73,126695,84],{"class":83},[73,126697,126698],{"class":245},"filename",[73,126700,653],{"class":83},[73,126702,126703],{"class":245},"endswith",[73,126705,84],{"class":83},[73,126707,94],{"class":93},[73,126709,126710],{"class":97},".csv",[73,126712,94],{"class":93},[73,126714,102],{"class":83},[73,126716,126717,126719,126721,126723,126725,126727,126729,126731,126734,126736],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,126718,80],{"class":79},[73,126720,84],{"class":83},[73,126722,126698],{"class":245},[73,126724,653],{"class":83},[73,126726,126703],{"class":245},[73,126728,84],{"class":83},[73,126730,94],{"class":93},[73,126732,126733],{"class":97},".txt",[73,126735,94],{"class":93},[73,126737,102],{"class":83},[20,126739,148],{},[64,126741,126742],{"className":66,"code":44666,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,126743,126744,126748],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126745,126746],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126747,4490],{"class":484},[73,126749,126750],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,126751,4551],{"class":484},[20,126753,171,126754,5882,126756,3408,126758,126760],{},[15,126755,126655],{},[15,126757,430],{},[15,126759,1367],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[59,126762,178,126764,181],{"id":126763},"what-endswith-does",[15,126765,126655],{},[20,126767,126768,1063],{},[15,126769,126655],{},[33,126771,126772,126775,126781,126784],{},[36,126773,126774],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[36,126776,11933,126777,3408,126779],{},[15,126778,430],{},[15,126780,1367],{},[36,126782,126783],{},"Does not change the original string",[36,126785,126786],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126788,206],{},[64,126790,126792],{"className":66,"code":126791,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126793,126794,126806,126810,126832],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126795,126796,126798,126800,126802,126804],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126797,217],{"class":216},[73,126799,221],{"class":220},[73,126801,224],{"class":93},[73,126803,60647],{"class":97},[73,126805,230],{"class":93},[73,126807,126808],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,126809,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,126811,126812,126814,126816,126818,126820,126822,126824,126826,126828,126830],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,126813,80],{"class":79},[73,126815,84],{"class":83},[73,126817,246],{"class":245},[73,126819,653],{"class":83},[73,126821,126703],{"class":245},[73,126823,84],{"class":83},[73,126825,94],{"class":93},[73,126827,60832],{"class":97},[73,126829,94],{"class":93},[73,126831,102],{"class":83},[73,126833,126834,126836,126838,126840,126842,126844,126846,126848,126850,126852],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,126835,80],{"class":79},[73,126837,84],{"class":83},[73,126839,246],{"class":245},[73,126841,653],{"class":83},[73,126843,126703],{"class":245},[73,126845,84],{"class":83},[73,126847,94],{"class":93},[73,126849,4357],{"class":97},[73,126851,94],{"class":93},[73,126853,102],{"class":83},[20,126855,148],{},[64,126857,126858],{"className":66,"code":44666,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,126859,126860,126864],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126861,126862],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126863,4490],{"class":484},[73,126865,126866],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,126867,4551],{"class":484},[20,126869,126870,126871,653],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[646,126872,125352],{"href":51213},[59,126874,370],{"id":369},[64,126876,126878],{"className":66,"code":126877,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126879,126880],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126881,126882,126884,126886,126888,126890,126893,126895,126897,126899,126901],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126883,61415],{"class":216},[73,126885,653],{"class":83},[73,126887,126703],{"class":245},[73,126889,84],{"class":83},[73,126891,126892],{"class":245},"suffix",[73,126894,140],{"class":83},[73,126896,36558],{"class":245},[73,126898,140],{"class":83},[73,126900,65282],{"class":245},[73,126902,249],{"class":83},[33,126904,126905,126910,126917],{},[36,126906,126907,126909],{},[15,126908,126892],{}," is required",[36,126911,126912,1647,126914,126916],{},[15,126913,36579],{},[15,126915,52899],{}," are optional",[36,126918,126919,1647,126921,126923],{},[15,126920,36579],{},[15,126922,52899],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126925,126926],{},"Basic example:",[64,126928,126930],{"className":66,"code":126929,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126931,126932,126944],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126933,126934,126936,126938,126940,126942],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126935,126680],{"class":216},[73,126937,221],{"class":220},[73,126939,224],{"class":93},[73,126941,87137],{"class":97},[73,126943,230],{"class":93},[73,126945,126946,126948,126950,126952,126954,126956,126958,126960,126962,126964],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,126947,80],{"class":79},[73,126949,84],{"class":83},[73,126951,126698],{"class":245},[73,126953,653],{"class":83},[73,126955,126703],{"class":245},[73,126957,84],{"class":83},[73,126959,94],{"class":93},[73,126961,126733],{"class":97},[73,126963,94],{"class":93},[73,126965,102],{"class":83},[20,126967,148],{},[64,126969,126970],{"className":66,"code":4490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,126971,126972],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,126973,126974],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,126975,4490],{"class":484},[59,126977,126979],{"id":126978},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[403,126981,126982],{"id":126892},[15,126983,126892],{},[20,126985,126986,31256],{},[15,126987,126892],{},[33,126989,126990,126993],{},[36,126991,126992],{},"A single string",[36,126994,126995],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126997,126998],{},"Single suffix:",[64,127000,127002],{"className":66,"code":127001,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,127003,127004,127017],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127005,127006,127008,127010,127012,127015],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127007,8387],{"class":216},[73,127009,221],{"class":220},[73,127011,224],{"class":93},[73,127013,127014],{"class":97},"image.png",[73,127016,230],{"class":93},[73,127018,127019,127021,127023,127025,127027,127029,127031,127033,127036,127038],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,127020,80],{"class":79},[73,127022,84],{"class":83},[73,127024,8177],{"class":245},[73,127026,653],{"class":83},[73,127028,126703],{"class":245},[73,127030,84],{"class":83},[73,127032,94],{"class":93},[73,127034,127035],{"class":97},".png",[73,127037,94],{"class":93},[73,127039,102],{"class":83},[20,127041,148],{},[64,127043,127044],{"className":66,"code":4490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,127045,127046],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127047,127048],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127049,4490],{"class":484},[20,127051,127052],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[64,127054,127056],{"className":66,"code":127055,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127057,127058,127070],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127059,127060,127062,127064,127066,127068],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127061,8387],{"class":216},[73,127063,221],{"class":220},[73,127065,224],{"class":93},[73,127067,127014],{"class":97},[73,127069,230],{"class":93},[73,127071,127072,127074,127076,127078,127080,127082,127084,127086,127089,127091,127093,127095,127097,127099,127101,127103,127106,127108],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,127073,80],{"class":79},[73,127075,84],{"class":83},[73,127077,8177],{"class":245},[73,127079,653],{"class":83},[73,127081,126703],{"class":245},[73,127083,6023],{"class":83},[73,127085,94],{"class":93},[73,127087,127088],{"class":97},".jpg",[73,127090,94],{"class":93},[73,127092,140],{"class":83},[73,127094,224],{"class":93},[73,127096,127035],{"class":97},[73,127098,94],{"class":93},[73,127100,140],{"class":83},[73,127102,224],{"class":93},[73,127104,127105],{"class":97},".gif",[73,127107,94],{"class":93},[73,127109,1784],{"class":83},[20,127111,148],{},[64,127113,127114],{"className":66,"code":4490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,127115,127116],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127117,127118],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127119,4490],{"class":484},[403,127121,127122],{"id":36579},[15,127123,36579],{},[20,127125,127126,127128],{},[15,127127,36579],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[64,127130,127132],{"className":66,"code":127131,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,127133,127134,127147],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127135,127136,127138,127140,127142,127145],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127137,217],{"class":216},[73,127139,221],{"class":220},[73,127141,224],{"class":93},[73,127143,127144],{"class":97},"my_report.csv",[73,127146,230],{"class":93},[73,127148,127149,127151,127153,127155,127157,127159,127161,127163,127165,127167,127169,127171],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,127150,80],{"class":79},[73,127152,84],{"class":83},[73,127154,246],{"class":245},[73,127156,653],{"class":83},[73,127158,126703],{"class":245},[73,127160,84],{"class":83},[73,127162,94],{"class":93},[73,127164,126710],{"class":97},[73,127166,94],{"class":93},[73,127168,140],{"class":83},[73,127170,2982],{"class":116},[73,127172,102],{"class":83},[20,127174,148],{},[64,127176,127177],{"className":66,"code":4490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,127178,127179],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127180,127181],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127182,4490],{"class":484},[20,127184,127185,127186,127188,127189,653],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,127187,1304],{}," onward, which is ",[15,127190,127191],{},"\"report.csv\"",[403,127193,127194],{"id":52899},[15,127195,52899],{},[20,127197,127198,127200],{},[15,127199,52899],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[64,127202,127204],{"className":66,"code":127203,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,127205,127206,127219],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127207,127208,127210,127212,127214,127217],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127209,217],{"class":216},[73,127211,221],{"class":220},[73,127213,224],{"class":93},[73,127215,127216],{"class":97},"report.csv backup",[73,127218,230],{"class":93},[73,127220,127221,127223,127225,127227,127229,127231,127233,127235,127237,127239,127241,127243,127245,127247],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,127222,80],{"class":79},[73,127224,84],{"class":83},[73,127226,246],{"class":245},[73,127228,653],{"class":83},[73,127230,126703],{"class":245},[73,127232,84],{"class":83},[73,127234,94],{"class":93},[73,127236,126710],{"class":97},[73,127238,94],{"class":93},[73,127240,140],{"class":83},[73,127242,4345],{"class":116},[73,127244,140],{"class":83},[73,127246,6516],{"class":116},[73,127248,102],{"class":83},[20,127250,148],{},[64,127252,127253],{"className":66,"code":4490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,127254,127255],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127256,127257],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127258,4490],{"class":484},[20,127260,127261,127262,127264],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,127263,127191],{}," and ignores the rest.",[59,127266,17930],{"id":17929},[20,127268,127269,26019],{},[15,127270,126655],{},[33,127272,127273,127278],{},[36,127274,127275,127277],{},[15,127276,430],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[36,127279,127280,127282],{},[15,127281,1367],{}," if it does not",[20,127284,127285,127286,7682],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,127287,7507],{},[64,127289,127291],{"className":66,"code":127290,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,127292,127293,127306,127310,127331,127346,127352],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127294,127295,127297,127299,127301,127304],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127296,126680],{"class":216},[73,127298,221],{"class":220},[73,127300,224],{"class":93},[73,127302,127303],{"class":97},"data.csv",[73,127305,230],{"class":93},[73,127307,127308],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,127309,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,127311,127312,127314,127317,127319,127321,127323,127325,127327,127329],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,127313,7507],{"class":933},[73,127315,127316],{"class":216}," filename",[73,127318,653],{"class":83},[73,127320,126703],{"class":245},[73,127322,84],{"class":83},[73,127324,94],{"class":93},[73,127326,126710],{"class":97},[73,127328,94],{"class":93},[73,127330,8851],{"class":83},[73,127332,127333,127335,127337,127339,127342,127344],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,127334,1676],{"class":79},[73,127336,84],{"class":83},[73,127338,94],{"class":93},[73,127340,127341],{"class":97},"This is a CSV file.",[73,127343,94],{"class":93},[73,127345,249],{"class":83},[73,127347,127348,127350],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,127349,27944],{"class":933},[73,127351,946],{"class":83},[73,127353,127354,127356,127358,127360,127363,127365],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,127355,1676],{"class":79},[73,127357,84],{"class":83},[73,127359,94],{"class":93},[73,127361,127362],{"class":97},"This is not a CSV file.",[73,127364,94],{"class":93},[73,127366,249],{"class":83},[20,127368,148],{},[64,127370,127372],{"className":66,"code":127371,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,127373,127374],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127375,127376,127378,127380,127382,127385,127387],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127377,50116],{"class":216},[73,127379,12705],{"class":220},[73,127381,1888],{"class":216},[73,127383,127384],{"class":34960},"CSV",[73,127386,86878],{"class":86877},[73,127388,122629],{"class":83},[59,127390,127392],{"id":127391},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[403,127394,127396],{"id":127395},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[64,127398,127400],{"className":66,"code":127399,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127401,127402,127415],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127403,127404,127406,127408,127410,127413],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127405,126680],{"class":216},[73,127407,221],{"class":220},[73,127409,224],{"class":93},[73,127411,127412],{"class":97},"sales.csv",[73,127414,230],{"class":93},[73,127416,127417,127419,127421,127423,127425,127427,127429,127431,127433,127435],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,127418,80],{"class":79},[73,127420,84],{"class":83},[73,127422,126698],{"class":245},[73,127424,653],{"class":83},[73,127426,126703],{"class":245},[73,127428,84],{"class":83},[73,127430,94],{"class":93},[73,127432,126710],{"class":97},[73,127434,94],{"class":93},[73,127436,102],{"class":83},[20,127438,148],{},[64,127440,127441],{"className":66,"code":4490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,127442,127443],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127444,127445],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127446,4490],{"class":484},[403,127448,127450],{"id":127449},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[64,127452,127454],{"className":66,"code":127453,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,127455,127456,127470],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127457,127458,127461,127463,127465,127468],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127459,127460],{"class":216},"url ",[73,127462,221],{"class":220},[73,127464,224],{"class":93},[73,127466,127467],{"class":97},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[73,127469,230],{"class":93},[73,127471,127472,127474,127476,127479,127481,127483,127485,127487,127490,127492],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,127473,80],{"class":79},[73,127475,84],{"class":83},[73,127477,127478],{"class":245},"url",[73,127480,653],{"class":83},[73,127482,126703],{"class":245},[73,127484,84],{"class":83},[73,127486,94],{"class":93},[73,127488,127489],{"class":97},"\u002F",[73,127491,94],{"class":93},[73,127493,102],{"class":83},[20,127495,148],{},[64,127497,127498],{"className":66,"code":4490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,127499,127500],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127501,127502],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127503,4490],{"class":484},[403,127505,127507],{"id":127506},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[64,127509,127511],{"className":66,"code":127510,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127512,127513,127526],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127514,127515,127517,127519,127521,127524],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127516,90249],{"class":216},[73,127518,221],{"class":220},[73,127520,224],{"class":93},[73,127522,127523],{"class":97},"Hello!",[73,127525,230],{"class":93},[73,127527,127528,127530,127532,127534,127536,127538,127540,127542,127544,127546],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,127529,80],{"class":79},[73,127531,84],{"class":83},[73,127533,90266],{"class":245},[73,127535,653],{"class":83},[73,127537,126703],{"class":245},[73,127539,84],{"class":83},[73,127541,94],{"class":93},[73,127543,90090],{"class":97},[73,127545,94],{"class":93},[73,127547,102],{"class":83},[20,127549,148],{},[64,127551,127552],{"className":66,"code":4490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,127553,127554],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127555,127556],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127557,4490],{"class":484},[403,127559,127561],{"id":127560},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[64,127563,127565],{"className":66,"code":127564,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127566,127567,127580],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127568,127569,127571,127573,127575,127578],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127570,126680],{"class":216},[73,127572,221],{"class":220},[73,127574,224],{"class":93},[73,127576,127577],{"class":97},"photo.jpg",[73,127579,230],{"class":93},[73,127581,127582,127584,127586,127588,127590,127592,127594,127596,127598,127600,127602,127604,127606,127608,127610,127612,127614,127616],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,127583,80],{"class":79},[73,127585,84],{"class":83},[73,127587,126698],{"class":245},[73,127589,653],{"class":83},[73,127591,126703],{"class":245},[73,127593,6023],{"class":83},[73,127595,94],{"class":93},[73,127597,127088],{"class":97},[73,127599,94],{"class":93},[73,127601,140],{"class":83},[73,127603,224],{"class":93},[73,127605,127035],{"class":97},[73,127607,94],{"class":93},[73,127609,140],{"class":83},[73,127611,224],{"class":93},[73,127613,127105],{"class":97},[73,127615,94],{"class":93},[73,127617,1784],{"class":83},[20,127619,148],{},[64,127621,127622],{"className":66,"code":4490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,127623,127624],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127625,127626],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127627,4490],{"class":484},[20,127629,127630,127631,653],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[646,127632,127633],{"href":123852},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[59,127635,124244],{"id":124243},[20,127637,127638,124055],{},[15,127639,126655],{},[20,127641,127642,127643,1647,127646,127649],{},"That means ",[15,127644,127645],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127647,127648],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[64,127651,127653],{"className":66,"code":127652,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127654,127655,127668,127672,127694],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127656,127657,127659,127661,127663,127666],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127658,126680],{"class":216},[73,127660,221],{"class":220},[73,127662,224],{"class":93},[73,127664,127665],{"class":97},"REPORT.CSV",[73,127667,230],{"class":93},[73,127669,127670],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,127671,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,127673,127674,127676,127678,127680,127682,127684,127686,127688,127690,127692],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,127675,80],{"class":79},[73,127677,84],{"class":83},[73,127679,126698],{"class":245},[73,127681,653],{"class":83},[73,127683,126703],{"class":245},[73,127685,84],{"class":83},[73,127687,94],{"class":93},[73,127689,126710],{"class":97},[73,127691,94],{"class":93},[73,127693,102],{"class":83},[73,127695,127696,127698,127700,127702,127704,127706,127708,127710,127713,127715],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,127697,80],{"class":79},[73,127699,84],{"class":83},[73,127701,126698],{"class":245},[73,127703,653],{"class":83},[73,127705,126703],{"class":245},[73,127707,84],{"class":83},[73,127709,94],{"class":93},[73,127711,127712],{"class":97},".CSV",[73,127714,94],{"class":93},[73,127716,102],{"class":83},[20,127718,148],{},[64,127720,127722],{"className":66,"code":127721,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127723,127724,127728],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127725,127726],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127727,4551],{"class":484},[73,127729,127730],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,127731,4490],{"class":484},[20,127733,127734,127735,653],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[646,127736,127737],{"href":124324},[15,127738,124327],{},[64,127740,127742],{"className":66,"code":127741,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127743,127744,127756],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127745,127746,127748,127750,127752,127754],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127747,126680],{"class":216},[73,127749,221],{"class":220},[73,127751,224],{"class":93},[73,127753,127665],{"class":97},[73,127755,230],{"class":93},[73,127757,127758,127760,127762,127764,127766,127768,127770,127772,127774,127776,127778,127780],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,127759,80],{"class":79},[73,127761,84],{"class":83},[73,127763,126698],{"class":245},[73,127765,653],{"class":83},[73,127767,9148],{"class":245},[73,127769,9145],{"class":83},[73,127771,126703],{"class":245},[73,127773,84],{"class":83},[73,127775,94],{"class":93},[73,127777,126710],{"class":97},[73,127779,94],{"class":93},[73,127781,102],{"class":83},[20,127783,148],{},[64,127785,127786],{"className":66,"code":4490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,127787,127788],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127789,127790],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127791,4490],{"class":484},[59,127793,127795],{"id":127794},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127797,127798],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[64,127800,127802],{"className":66,"code":127801,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127803,127804,127817],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127805,127806,127808,127810,127812,127815],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127807,126680],{"class":216},[73,127809,221],{"class":220},[73,127811,224],{"class":93},[73,127813,127814],{"class":97},"picture.gif",[73,127816,230],{"class":93},[73,127818,127819,127821,127823,127825,127827,127829,127831,127833,127835,127837,127839,127841,127843,127845,127847,127849,127851,127853],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,127820,80],{"class":79},[73,127822,84],{"class":83},[73,127824,126698],{"class":245},[73,127826,653],{"class":83},[73,127828,126703],{"class":245},[73,127830,6023],{"class":83},[73,127832,94],{"class":93},[73,127834,127088],{"class":97},[73,127836,94],{"class":93},[73,127838,140],{"class":83},[73,127840,224],{"class":93},[73,127842,127035],{"class":97},[73,127844,94],{"class":93},[73,127846,140],{"class":83},[73,127848,224],{"class":93},[73,127850,127105],{"class":97},[73,127852,94],{"class":93},[73,127854,1784],{"class":83},[20,127856,148],{},[64,127858,127859],{"className":66,"code":4490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,127860,127861],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127862,127863],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127864,4490],{"class":484},[20,127866,127867],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127869,52318],{},[64,127871,127873],{"className":66,"code":127872,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127874,127875,127888,127923,127927],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127876,127877,127880,127882,127884,127886],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127878,127879],{"class":216},"document ",[73,127881,221],{"class":220},[73,127883,224],{"class":93},[73,127885,87137],{"class":97},[73,127887,230],{"class":93},[73,127889,127890,127893,127895,127897,127899,127901,127903,127905,127907,127910,127912,127914,127916,127919,127921],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,127891,127892],{"class":216},"allowed ",[73,127894,221],{"class":220},[73,127896,9742],{"class":83},[73,127898,94],{"class":93},[73,127900,126733],{"class":97},[73,127902,94],{"class":93},[73,127904,140],{"class":83},[73,127906,224],{"class":93},[73,127908,127909],{"class":97},".md",[73,127911,94],{"class":93},[73,127913,140],{"class":83},[73,127915,224],{"class":93},[73,127917,127918],{"class":97},".docx",[73,127920,94],{"class":93},[73,127922,249],{"class":83},[73,127924,127925],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,127926,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,127928,127929,127931,127933,127936,127938,127940,127942,127945],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,127930,80],{"class":79},[73,127932,84],{"class":83},[73,127934,127935],{"class":245},"document",[73,127937,653],{"class":83},[73,127939,126703],{"class":245},[73,127941,84],{"class":83},[73,127943,127944],{"class":245},"allowed",[73,127946,102],{"class":83},[20,127948,148],{},[64,127950,127951],{"className":66,"code":4490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,127952,127953],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127954,127955],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127956,4490],{"class":484},[20,127958,127959,127960,653],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[646,127961,126597,127963,11248],{"href":127962},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127964,127965],{},"startswith()",[59,127967,2102],{"id":2101},[20,127969,8956,127970,653],{},[15,127971,126655],{},[403,127973,127975],{"id":127974},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127977,5038],{},[64,127979,127981],{"className":66,"code":127980,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127982,127983,127995],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,127984,127985,127987,127989,127991,127993],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,127986,126680],{"class":216},[73,127988,221],{"class":220},[73,127990,224],{"class":93},[73,127992,127577],{"class":97},[73,127994,230],{"class":93},[73,127996,127997],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,127998,127999],{"class":769},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,128001,128002],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[64,128004,128006],{"className":66,"code":128005,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,128007,128008,128020],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,128009,128010,128012,128014,128016,128018],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,128011,126680],{"class":216},[73,128013,221],{"class":220},[73,128015,224],{"class":93},[73,128017,127577],{"class":97},[73,128019,230],{"class":93},[73,128021,128022,128024,128026,128028,128030,128032,128034,128036,128038,128040,128042,128044,128046,128048],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,128023,80],{"class":79},[73,128025,84],{"class":83},[73,128027,126698],{"class":245},[73,128029,653],{"class":83},[73,128031,126703],{"class":245},[73,128033,6023],{"class":83},[73,128035,94],{"class":93},[73,128037,127088],{"class":97},[73,128039,94],{"class":93},[73,128041,140],{"class":83},[73,128043,224],{"class":93},[73,128045,127035],{"class":97},[73,128047,94],{"class":93},[73,128049,1784],{"class":83},[403,128051,128053],{"id":128052},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[64,128055,128057],{"className":66,"code":128056,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,128058,128059,128071],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,128060,128061,128063,128065,128067,128069],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,128062,126680],{"class":216},[73,128064,221],{"class":220},[73,128066,224],{"class":93},[73,128068,127665],{"class":97},[73,128070,230],{"class":93},[73,128072,128073,128075,128077,128079,128081,128083,128085,128087,128089,128091],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,128074,80],{"class":79},[73,128076,84],{"class":83},[73,128078,126698],{"class":245},[73,128080,653],{"class":83},[73,128082,126703],{"class":245},[73,128084,84],{"class":83},[73,128086,94],{"class":93},[73,128088,126710],{"class":97},[73,128090,94],{"class":93},[73,128092,102],{"class":83},[20,128094,148],{},[64,128096,128097],{"className":66,"code":4551,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,128098,128099],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,128100,128101],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,128102,4551],{"class":484},[20,128104,39769],{},[64,128106,128107],{"className":66,"code":127741,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,128108,128109,128121],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,128110,128111,128113,128115,128117,128119],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,128112,126680],{"class":216},[73,128114,221],{"class":220},[73,128116,224],{"class":93},[73,128118,127665],{"class":97},[73,128120,230],{"class":93},[73,128122,128123,128125,128127,128129,128131,128133,128135,128137,128139,128141,128143,128145],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,128124,80],{"class":79},[73,128126,84],{"class":83},[73,128128,126698],{"class":245},[73,128130,653],{"class":83},[73,128132,9148],{"class":245},[73,128134,9145],{"class":83},[73,128136,126703],{"class":245},[73,128138,84],{"class":83},[73,128140,94],{"class":93},[73,128142,126710],{"class":97},[73,128144,94],{"class":93},[73,128146,102],{"class":83},[403,128148,37711,128150,9213,128152],{"id":128149},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,128151,126655],{},[15,128153,940],{},[20,128155,128156,128158],{},[15,128157,126655],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[64,128160,128162],{"className":66,"code":128161,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,128163,128164,128177,128181,128203],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,128165,128166,128168,128170,128172,128175],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,128167,217],{"class":216},[73,128169,221],{"class":220},[73,128171,224],{"class":93},[73,128173,128174],{"class":97},"my_report.csv.backup",[73,128176,230],{"class":93},[73,128178,128179],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,128180,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,128182,128183,128185,128187,128189,128191,128193,128195,128197,128199,128201],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,128184,80],{"class":79},[73,128186,84],{"class":83},[73,128188,246],{"class":245},[73,128190,653],{"class":83},[73,128192,126703],{"class":245},[73,128194,84],{"class":83},[73,128196,94],{"class":93},[73,128198,126710],{"class":97},[73,128200,94],{"class":93},[73,128202,102],{"class":83},[73,128204,128205,128207,128209,128211,128213,128215,128217,128219],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,128206,80],{"class":79},[73,128208,84],{"class":83},[73,128210,94],{"class":93},[73,128212,126710],{"class":97},[73,128214,94],{"class":93},[73,128216,21686],{"class":933},[73,128218,43335],{"class":245},[73,128220,249],{"class":83},[20,128222,148],{},[64,128224,128225],{"className":66,"code":127721,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,128226,128227,128231],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,128228,128229],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,128230,4551],{"class":484},[73,128232,128233],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,128234,4490],{"class":484},[403,128236,2300,128238,128240],{"id":128237},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,128239,126655],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,128242,128243,128245],{},[15,128244,126655],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[64,128247,128249],{"className":66,"code":128248,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,128250,128251,128263,128285],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,128252,128253,128255,128257,128259,128261],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,128254,126680],{"class":216},[73,128256,221],{"class":220},[73,128258,224],{"class":93},[73,128260,126687],{"class":97},[73,128262,230],{"class":93},[73,128264,128265,128267,128269,128271,128273,128275,128277,128279,128281,128283],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,128266,80],{"class":79},[73,128268,84],{"class":83},[73,128270,126698],{"class":245},[73,128272,653],{"class":83},[73,128274,126703],{"class":245},[73,128276,84],{"class":83},[73,128278,94],{"class":93},[73,128280,126710],{"class":97},[73,128282,94],{"class":93},[73,128284,102],{"class":83},[73,128286,128287,128289,128291,128293],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,128288,80],{"class":79},[73,128290,84],{"class":83},[73,128292,126698],{"class":245},[73,128294,249],{"class":83},[20,128296,148],{},[64,128298,128300],{"className":66,"code":128299,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,128301,128302,128306],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,128303,128304],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,128305,4490],{"class":484},[73,128307,128308,128311,128313],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,128309,128310],{"class":216},"report",[73,128312,653],{"class":83},[73,128314,128315],{"class":25260},"csv\n",[20,128317,128318,128319,653],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[646,128320,128321],{"href":124765},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,128323,66305],{},[33,128325,128326,128329,128332,128335],{},[36,128327,128328],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[36,128330,128331],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[36,128333,128334],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[36,128336,657,128337,45121,128339,3408,128341,111794],{},[15,128338,126655],{},[15,128340,124768],{},[15,128342,42153],{},[20,128344,30642],{},[64,128346,128348],{"className":66,"code":128347,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,128349,128350,128360,128374,128396,128422],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,128351,128352,128354,128356,128358],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,128353,80],{"class":79},[73,128355,84],{"class":83},[73,128357,246],{"class":245},[73,128359,249],{"class":83},[73,128361,128362,128364,128366,128368,128370,128372],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,128363,80],{"class":79},[73,128365,84],{"class":83},[73,128367,42279],{"class":79},[73,128369,84],{"class":83},[73,128371,246],{"class":245},[73,128373,102],{"class":83},[73,128375,128376,128378,128380,128382,128384,128386,128388,128390,128392,128394],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,128377,80],{"class":79},[73,128379,84],{"class":83},[73,128381,246],{"class":245},[73,128383,653],{"class":83},[73,128385,126703],{"class":245},[73,128387,84],{"class":83},[73,128389,343],{"class":93},[73,128391,126710],{"class":97},[73,128393,343],{"class":93},[73,128395,102],{"class":83},[73,128397,128398,128400,128402,128404,128406,128408,128410,128412,128414,128416,128418,128420],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,128399,80],{"class":79},[73,128401,84],{"class":83},[73,128403,246],{"class":245},[73,128405,653],{"class":83},[73,128407,9148],{"class":245},[73,128409,9145],{"class":83},[73,128411,126703],{"class":245},[73,128413,84],{"class":83},[73,128415,343],{"class":93},[73,128417,126710],{"class":97},[73,128419,343],{"class":93},[73,128421,102],{"class":83},[73,128423,128424,128426,128428,128430,128432,128434],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,128425,80],{"class":79},[73,128427,84],{"class":83},[73,128429,288],{"class":87},[73,128431,84],{"class":83},[73,128433,246],{"class":245},[73,128435,102],{"class":83},[59,128437,2350],{"id":2349},[403,128439,2354,128441,128443],{"id":128440},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,128442,126655],{}," change the string?",[20,128445,128446,128447,3408,128449,653],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,128448,430],{},[15,128450,1367],{},[403,128452,5681,128454,128456],{"id":128453},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,128455,126655],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,128458,128459,128460,653],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,128461,128462],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[403,128464,15412,128466,124933],{"id":128465},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,128467,126655],{},[20,128469,128470,128471,3408,128473,128476],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,128472,124327],{},[15,128474,128475],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[403,128478,5691,128480,1647,128482,3023],{"id":128479},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128481,126655],{},[15,128483,124592],{},[20,128485,128486,128488,128489,128491],{},[15,128487,126655],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128490,124592],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[59,128493,2413],{"id":2412},[33,128495,128496,128502,128508,128512,128516],{},[36,128497,128498],{},[646,128499,126597,128500,11248],{"href":127962},[15,128501,127965],{},[36,128503,128504],{},[646,128505,126597,128506,11248],{"href":124324},[15,128507,124327],{},[36,128509,128510],{},[646,128511,124996],{"href":123852},[36,128513,128514],{},[646,128515,125003],{"href":124765},[36,128517,128518],{},[646,128519,125352],{"href":51213},[2459,128521,128522],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":128524},[128525,128526,128528,128529,128534,128535,128541,128542,128543,128551,128561],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":126763,"depth":105,"text":128527},"What endswith() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":126978,"depth":105,"text":126979,"children":128530},[128531,128532,128533],{"id":126892,"depth":122,"text":126892},{"id":36579,"depth":122,"text":36579},{"id":52899,"depth":122,"text":52899},{"id":17929,"depth":105,"text":17930},{"id":127391,"depth":105,"text":127392,"children":128536},[128537,128538,128539,128540],{"id":127395,"depth":122,"text":127396},{"id":127449,"depth":122,"text":127450},{"id":127506,"depth":122,"text":127507},{"id":127560,"depth":122,"text":127561},{"id":124243,"depth":105,"text":124244},{"id":127794,"depth":105,"text":127795},{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102,"children":128544},[128545,128546,128547,128549],{"id":127974,"depth":122,"text":127975},{"id":128052,"depth":122,"text":128053},{"id":128149,"depth":122,"text":128548},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":128237,"depth":122,"text":128550},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":128552},[128553,128555,128557,128559],{"id":128440,"depth":122,"text":128554},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128453,"depth":122,"text":128556},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128465,"depth":122,"text":128558},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128479,"depth":122,"text":128560},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126647,"description":128562},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128569,"title":128570,"body":128571,"description":130239,"extension":2511,"meta":130240,"navigation":254,"path":130241,"seo":130242,"stem":130243,"__hash__":130244},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128572,"toc":130212},[128573,128578,128583,128588,128593,128686,128696,128701,128706,128721,128723,128805,128813,128815,128817,128844,128846,128862,128869,128871,128979,128981,128986,129002,129004,129099,129107,129110,129116,129121,129126,129133,129272,129275,129288,129290,129294,129301,129371,129374,129423,129430,129437,129451,129456,129461,129507,129553,129569,129571,129576,129590,129593,129715,129720,129722,129727,129760,129763,129839,129841,129850,129864,129867,129951,129954,130065,130068,130096,130098,130105,130109,130115,130118,130124,130127,130134,130145,130151,130158,130160,130209],[10,128574,123597,128576,11831],{"id":128575},"python-string-find-method",[15,128577,124592],{},[20,128579,123602,128580,128582],{},[15,128581,124592],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128584,128585,128586,653],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128587,66096],{},[20,128589,171,128590,128592],{},[15,128591,124592],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[64,128594,128596],{"className":66,"code":128595,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128597,128598,128610,128633,128646,128650,128673],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,128599,128600,128602,128604,128606,128608],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,128601,217],{"class":216},[73,128603,221],{"class":220},[73,128605,224],{"class":93},[73,128607,60647],{"class":97},[73,128609,230],{"class":93},[73,128611,128612,128614,128616,128618,128620,128623,128625,128627,128629,128631],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,128613,65161],{"class":216},[73,128615,221],{"class":220},[73,128617,43335],{"class":216},[73,128619,653],{"class":83},[73,128621,128622],{"class":245},"find",[73,128624,84],{"class":83},[73,128626,94],{"class":93},[73,128628,60832],{"class":97},[73,128630,94],{"class":93},[73,128632,249],{"class":83},[73,128634,128635,128637,128639,128641,128643],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,128636,80],{"class":79},[73,128638,84],{"class":83},[73,128640,65188],{"class":245},[73,128642,4177],{"class":83},[73,128644,128645],{"class":769},"   # 6\n",[73,128647,128648],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,128649,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,128651,128652,128655,128657,128659,128661,128663,128665,128667,128669,128671],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,128653,128654],{"class":216},"missing ",[73,128656,221],{"class":220},[73,128658,43335],{"class":216},[73,128660,653],{"class":83},[73,128662,128622],{"class":245},[73,128664,84],{"class":83},[73,128666,94],{"class":93},[73,128668,68],{"class":97},[73,128670,94],{"class":93},[73,128672,249],{"class":83},[73,128674,128675,128677,128679,128681,128683],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,128676,80],{"class":79},[73,128678,84],{"class":83},[73,128680,27283],{"class":245},[73,128682,4177],{"class":83},[73,128684,128685],{"class":769},"    # -1\n",[44072,128687,128688],{},[20,128689,171,128690,128692,128693,128695],{},[15,128691,124592],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128694,66096],{}," if the substring is not found.",[59,128697,178,128699,181],{"id":128698},"what-find-does",[15,128700,124592],{},[20,128702,128703,128705],{},[15,128704,124592],{}," is a string method that:",[33,128707,128708,128711,128714,128719],{},[36,128709,128710],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[36,128712,128713],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[36,128715,11933,128716,128718],{},[15,128717,66096],{}," if no match is found",[36,128720,126783],{},[20,128722,206],{},[64,128724,128726],{"className":66,"code":128725,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128727,128728,128740,128744,128768,128792],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,128729,128730,128732,128734,128736,128738],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,128731,217],{"class":216},[73,128733,221],{"class":220},[73,128735,224],{"class":93},[73,128737,4599],{"class":97},[73,128739,230],{"class":93},[73,128741,128742],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,128743,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,128745,128746,128748,128750,128752,128754,128756,128758,128760,128762,128764,128766],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,128747,80],{"class":79},[73,128749,84],{"class":83},[73,128751,246],{"class":245},[73,128753,653],{"class":83},[73,128755,128622],{"class":245},[73,128757,84],{"class":83},[73,128759,94],{"class":93},[73,128761,123690],{"class":97},[73,128763,94],{"class":93},[73,128765,5874],{"class":83},[73,128767,57885],{"class":769},[73,128769,128770,128772,128774,128776,128778,128780,128782,128784,128786,128788,128790],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,128771,80],{"class":79},[73,128773,84],{"class":83},[73,128775,246],{"class":245},[73,128777,653],{"class":83},[73,128779,128622],{"class":245},[73,128781,84],{"class":83},[73,128783,94],{"class":93},[73,128785,384],{"class":97},[73,128787,94],{"class":93},[73,128789,5874],{"class":83},[73,128791,128685],{"class":769},[73,128793,128794,128796,128798,128800,128802],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,128795,80],{"class":79},[73,128797,84],{"class":83},[73,128799,246],{"class":245},[73,128801,4177],{"class":83},[73,128803,128804],{"class":769},"              # banana\n",[20,128806,21283,128807,128810,128811,653],{},[15,128808,128809],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128812,530],{},[59,128814,370],{"id":369},[20,128816,2700],{},[64,128818,128820],{"className":66,"code":128819,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128821,128822],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,128823,128824,128826,128828,128830,128832,128834,128836,128838,128840,128842],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,128825,61415],{"class":216},[73,128827,653],{"class":83},[73,128829,128622],{"class":245},[73,128831,84],{"class":83},[73,128833,967],{"class":245},[73,128835,140],{"class":83},[73,128837,36558],{"class":245},[73,128839,140],{"class":83},[73,128841,65282],{"class":245},[73,128843,249],{"class":83},[403,128845,17906],{"id":17905},[33,128847,128848,128852,128857],{},[36,128849,128850,123789],{},[15,128851,967],{},[36,128853,128854,128856],{},[15,128855,36579],{},": optional starting position",[36,128858,128859,128861],{},[15,128860,52899],{},": optional ending position",[20,128863,128864,1647,128866,128868],{},[15,128865,36579],{},[15,128867,52899],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128870,126926],{},[64,128872,128874],{"className":66,"code":128873,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128875,128876,128888,128892,128917,128946],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,128877,128878,128880,128882,128884,128886],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,128879,217],{"class":216},[73,128881,221],{"class":220},[73,128883,224],{"class":93},[73,128885,60647],{"class":97},[73,128887,230],{"class":93},[73,128889,128890],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,128891,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,128893,128894,128896,128898,128900,128902,128904,128906,128908,128910,128912,128914],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,128895,80],{"class":79},[73,128897,84],{"class":83},[73,128899,246],{"class":245},[73,128901,653],{"class":83},[73,128903,128622],{"class":245},[73,128905,84],{"class":83},[73,128907,94],{"class":93},[73,128909,60714],{"class":97},[73,128911,94],{"class":93},[73,128913,5874],{"class":83},[73,128915,128916],{"class":769},"        # 4\n",[73,128918,128919,128921,128923,128925,128927,128929,128931,128933,128935,128937,128939,128941,128943],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,128920,80],{"class":79},[73,128922,84],{"class":83},[73,128924,246],{"class":245},[73,128926,653],{"class":83},[73,128928,128622],{"class":245},[73,128930,84],{"class":83},[73,128932,94],{"class":93},[73,128934,60714],{"class":97},[73,128936,94],{"class":93},[73,128938,140],{"class":83},[73,128940,5118],{"class":116},[73,128942,5874],{"class":83},[73,128944,128945],{"class":769},"     # 7\n",[73,128947,128948,128950,128952,128954,128956,128958,128960,128962,128964,128966,128968,128970,128972,128974,128976],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,128949,80],{"class":79},[73,128951,84],{"class":83},[73,128953,246],{"class":245},[73,128955,653],{"class":83},[73,128957,128622],{"class":245},[73,128959,84],{"class":83},[73,128961,94],{"class":93},[73,128963,60714],{"class":97},[73,128965,94],{"class":93},[73,128967,140],{"class":83},[73,128969,5118],{"class":116},[73,128971,140],{"class":83},[73,128973,6505],{"class":116},[73,128975,5874],{"class":83},[73,128977,128978],{"class":769},"  # -1\n",[59,128980,38527],{"id":38526},[20,128982,57784,128983,128985],{},[15,128984,124592],{}," is always an integer.",[33,128987,128988,128994,128997],{},[36,128989,128990,128991,128993],{},"A number ",[15,128992,806],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[36,128995,128996],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[36,128998,128999,129001],{},[15,129000,66096],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,129003,206],{},[64,129005,129007],{"className":66,"code":129006,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,129008,129009,129021,129025,129050,129075],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,129010,129011,129013,129015,129017,129019],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,129012,217],{"class":216},[73,129014,221],{"class":220},[73,129016,224],{"class":93},[73,129018,68],{"class":97},[73,129020,230],{"class":93},[73,129022,129023],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,129024,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,129026,129027,129029,129031,129033,129035,129037,129039,129041,129044,129046,129048],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,129028,80],{"class":79},[73,129030,84],{"class":83},[73,129032,246],{"class":245},[73,129034,653],{"class":83},[73,129036,128622],{"class":245},[73,129038,84],{"class":83},[73,129040,94],{"class":93},[73,129042,129043],{"class":97},"py",[73,129045,94],{"class":93},[73,129047,5874],{"class":83},[73,129049,21280],{"class":769},[73,129051,129052,129054,129056,129058,129060,129062,129064,129066,129069,129071,129073],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,129053,80],{"class":79},[73,129055,84],{"class":83},[73,129057,246],{"class":245},[73,129059,653],{"class":83},[73,129061,128622],{"class":245},[73,129063,84],{"class":83},[73,129065,94],{"class":93},[73,129067,129068],{"class":97},"th",[73,129070,94],{"class":93},[73,129072,5874],{"class":83},[73,129074,57885],{"class":769},[73,129076,129077,129079,129081,129083,129085,129087,129089,129091,129093,129095,129097],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,129078,80],{"class":79},[73,129080,84],{"class":83},[73,129082,246],{"class":245},[73,129084,653],{"class":83},[73,129086,128622],{"class":245},[73,129088,84],{"class":83},[73,129090,94],{"class":93},[73,129092,22588],{"class":97},[73,129094,94],{"class":93},[73,129096,5874],{"class":83},[73,129098,128685],{"class":769},[20,129100,90152,129101,8964,129103,3408,129105,653],{},[15,129102,124592],{},[15,129104,430],{},[15,129106,1367],{},[20,129108,129109],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[59,129111,657,129112,1647,129114],{"id":65648},[15,129113,36579],{},[15,129115,52899],{},[20,129117,171,129118,129120],{},[15,129119,36579],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,129122,171,129123,129125],{},[15,129124,52899],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,129127,1580,129128,75704,129130,129132],{},[15,129129,52899],{},[1194,129131,65311],{}," in the search.",[64,129134,129136],{"className":66,"code":129135,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,129137,129138,129151,129155,129179,129208,129240],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,129139,129140,129142,129144,129146,129149],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,129141,217],{"class":216},[73,129143,221],{"class":220},[73,129145,224],{"class":93},[73,129147,129148],{"class":97},"one two three two",[73,129150,230],{"class":93},[73,129152,129153],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,129154,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,129156,129157,129159,129161,129163,129165,129167,129169,129171,129173,129175,129177],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,129158,80],{"class":79},[73,129160,84],{"class":83},[73,129162,246],{"class":245},[73,129164,653],{"class":83},[73,129166,128622],{"class":245},[73,129168,84],{"class":83},[73,129170,94],{"class":93},[73,129172,79513],{"class":97},[73,129174,94],{"class":93},[73,129176,5874],{"class":83},[73,129178,128916],{"class":769},[73,129180,129181,129183,129185,129187,129189,129191,129193,129195,129197,129199,129201,129203,129205],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,129182,80],{"class":79},[73,129184,84],{"class":83},[73,129186,246],{"class":245},[73,129188,653],{"class":83},[73,129190,128622],{"class":245},[73,129192,84],{"class":83},[73,129194,94],{"class":93},[73,129196,79513],{"class":97},[73,129198,94],{"class":93},[73,129200,140],{"class":83},[73,129202,5118],{"class":116},[73,129204,5874],{"class":83},[73,129206,129207],{"class":769},"     # 14\n",[73,129209,129210,129212,129214,129216,129218,129220,129222,129224,129226,129228,129230,129232,129234,129236,129238],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,129211,80],{"class":79},[73,129213,84],{"class":83},[73,129215,246],{"class":245},[73,129217,653],{"class":83},[73,129219,128622],{"class":245},[73,129221,84],{"class":83},[73,129223,94],{"class":93},[73,129225,79513],{"class":97},[73,129227,94],{"class":93},[73,129229,140],{"class":83},[73,129231,4345],{"class":116},[73,129233,140],{"class":83},[73,129235,6505],{"class":116},[73,129237,5874],{"class":83},[73,129239,51173],{"class":769},[73,129241,129242,129244,129246,129248,129250,129252,129254,129256,129258,129260,129262,129264,129266,129268,129270],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,129243,80],{"class":79},[73,129245,84],{"class":83},[73,129247,246],{"class":245},[73,129249,653],{"class":83},[73,129251,128622],{"class":245},[73,129253,84],{"class":83},[73,129255,94],{"class":93},[73,129257,79513],{"class":97},[73,129259,94],{"class":93},[73,129261,140],{"class":83},[73,129263,4345],{"class":116},[73,129265,140],{"class":83},[73,129267,2988],{"class":116},[73,129269,5874],{"class":83},[73,129271,128978],{"class":769},[20,129273,129274],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,129276,129277,129278,55308,129282,653],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[646,129279,129281],{"href":129280},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[646,129283,129285,129287],{"href":129284},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,129286,60772],{}," string method",[59,129289,124244],{"id":124243},[20,129291,129292,124055],{},[15,129293,124592],{},[20,129295,127642,129296,1647,129298,129300],{},[15,129297,90660],{},[15,129299,64776],{}," are treated as different text.",[64,129302,129304],{"className":66,"code":129303,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,129305,129306,129319,129323,129347],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,129307,129308,129310,129312,129314,129317],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,129309,217],{"class":216},[73,129311,221],{"class":220},[73,129313,224],{"class":93},[73,129315,129316],{"class":97},"Hello World",[73,129318,230],{"class":93},[73,129320,129321],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,129322,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,129324,129325,129327,129329,129331,129333,129335,129337,129339,129341,129343,129345],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,129326,80],{"class":79},[73,129328,84],{"class":83},[73,129330,246],{"class":245},[73,129332,653],{"class":83},[73,129334,128622],{"class":245},[73,129336,84],{"class":83},[73,129338,94],{"class":93},[73,129340,35373],{"class":97},[73,129342,94],{"class":93},[73,129344,5874],{"class":83},[73,129346,51485],{"class":769},[73,129348,129349,129351,129353,129355,129357,129359,129361,129363,129365,129367,129369],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,129350,80],{"class":79},[73,129352,84],{"class":83},[73,129354,246],{"class":245},[73,129356,653],{"class":83},[73,129358,128622],{"class":245},[73,129360,84],{"class":83},[73,129362,94],{"class":93},[73,129364,4357],{"class":97},[73,129366,94],{"class":93},[73,129368,5874],{"class":83},[73,129370,128978],{"class":769},[20,129372,129373],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[64,129375,129377],{"className":66,"code":129376,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,129378,129379,129391,129395],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,129380,129381,129383,129385,129387,129389],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,129382,217],{"class":216},[73,129384,221],{"class":220},[73,129386,224],{"class":93},[73,129388,129316],{"class":97},[73,129390,230],{"class":93},[73,129392,129393],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,129394,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,129396,129397,129399,129401,129403,129405,129407,129409,129411,129413,129415,129417,129419,129421],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,129398,80],{"class":79},[73,129400,84],{"class":83},[73,129402,246],{"class":245},[73,129404,653],{"class":83},[73,129406,9148],{"class":245},[73,129408,9145],{"class":83},[73,129410,128622],{"class":245},[73,129412,84],{"class":83},[73,129414,94],{"class":93},[73,129416,4357],{"class":97},[73,129418,94],{"class":93},[73,129420,5874],{"class":83},[73,129422,51485],{"class":769},[59,129424,129426,11092,129428],{"id":129425},"find-vs-index",[15,129427,124592],{},[15,129429,59208],{},[20,129431,129432,1647,129434,129436],{},[15,129433,124592],{},[15,129435,59208],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[33,129438,129439,129445],{},[36,129440,129441,2928,129443],{},[15,129442,124592],{},[15,129444,66096],{},[36,129446,129447,52733,129449],{},[15,129448,59208],{},[15,129450,781],{},[20,129452,171,129453,129455],{},[15,129454,124592],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,129457,171,129458,129460],{},[15,129459,59208],{}," when the value must exist.",[64,129462,129464],{"className":66,"code":129463,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,129465,129466,129478,129482],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,129467,129468,129470,129472,129474,129476],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,129469,217],{"class":216},[73,129471,221],{"class":220},[73,129473,224],{"class":93},[73,129475,4357],{"class":97},[73,129477,230],{"class":93},[73,129479,129480],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,129481,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,129483,129484,129486,129488,129490,129492,129494,129496,129498,129500,129502,129504],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,129485,80],{"class":79},[73,129487,84],{"class":83},[73,129489,246],{"class":245},[73,129491,653],{"class":83},[73,129493,128622],{"class":245},[73,129495,84],{"class":83},[73,129497,94],{"class":93},[73,129499,384],{"class":97},[73,129501,94],{"class":93},[73,129503,5874],{"class":83},[73,129505,129506],{"class":769},"   # -1\n",[64,129508,129510],{"className":66,"code":129509,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129511,129512,129524,129528],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,129513,129514,129516,129518,129520,129522],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,129515,217],{"class":216},[73,129517,221],{"class":220},[73,129519,224],{"class":93},[73,129521,4357],{"class":97},[73,129523,230],{"class":93},[73,129525,129526],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,129527,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,129529,129530,129532,129534,129536,129538,129540,129542,129544,129546,129548,129550],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,129531,80],{"class":79},[73,129533,84],{"class":83},[73,129535,246],{"class":245},[73,129537,653],{"class":83},[73,129539,36352],{"class":245},[73,129541,84],{"class":83},[73,129543,94],{"class":93},[73,129545,384],{"class":97},[73,129547,94],{"class":93},[73,129549,5874],{"class":83},[73,129551,129552],{"class":769},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129554,129555,129556,129560,129561,129563,129564,653],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[646,129557,129558,129287],{"href":124617},[15,129559,59208],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129562,59208],{},", read ",[646,129565,1805,129566],{"href":73724},[15,129567,129568],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[59,129570,41550],{"id":41549},[20,129572,28,129573,129575],{},[15,129574,124592],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[33,129577,129578,129581,129584,129587],{},[36,129579,129580],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[36,129582,129583],{},"Get the position of a word",[36,129585,129586],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[36,129588,129589],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129591,129592],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[64,129594,129596],{"className":66,"code":129595,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129597,129598,129611,129634,129638,129653,129669,129688,129702],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,129599,129600,129602,129604,129606,129609],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,129601,217],{"class":216},[73,129603,221],{"class":220},[73,129605,224],{"class":93},[73,129607,129608],{"class":97},"name:Alice",[73,129610,230],{"class":93},[73,129612,129613,129616,129618,129620,129622,129624,129626,129628,129630,129632],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,129614,129615],{"class":216},"colon_pos ",[73,129617,221],{"class":220},[73,129619,43335],{"class":216},[73,129621,653],{"class":83},[73,129623,128622],{"class":245},[73,129625,84],{"class":83},[73,129627,94],{"class":93},[73,129629,1063],{"class":97},[73,129631,94],{"class":93},[73,129633,249],{"class":83},[73,129635,129636],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,129637,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,129639,129640,129642,129645,129647,129649,129651],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,129641,7507],{"class":933},[73,129643,129644],{"class":216}," colon_pos ",[73,129646,72834],{"class":220},[73,129648,2759],{"class":220},[73,129650,2397],{"class":116},[73,129652,946],{"class":83},[73,129654,129655,129658,129660,129662,129664,129667],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,129656,129657],{"class":216},"    label ",[73,129659,221],{"class":220},[73,129661,43335],{"class":216},[73,129663,75777],{"class":83},[73,129665,129666],{"class":216},"colon_pos",[73,129668,924],{"class":83},[73,129670,129671,129673,129675,129677,129679,129681,129683,129685],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,129672,27911],{"class":216},[73,129674,221],{"class":220},[73,129676,43335],{"class":216},[73,129678,4410],{"class":83},[73,129680,129615],{"class":216},[73,129682,2082],{"class":220},[73,129684,2085],{"class":116},[73,129686,129687],{"class":83},":]\n",[73,129689,129690,129692,129694,129697,129699],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,129691,1676],{"class":79},[73,129693,84],{"class":83},[73,129695,129696],{"class":245},"label",[73,129698,4177],{"class":83},[73,129700,129701],{"class":769},"  # name\n",[73,129703,129704,129706,129708,129710,129712],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,129705,1676],{"class":79},[73,129707,84],{"class":83},[73,129709,967],{"class":245},[73,129711,4177],{"class":83},[73,129713,129714],{"class":769},"  # Alice\n",[20,129716,129717,129718,653],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[646,129719,127633],{"href":123852},[59,129721,2102],{"id":2101},[20,129723,129724,129725,1063],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129726,124592],{},[33,129728,129729,129738,129744,129749,129755],{},[36,129730,2300,129731,8964,129733,3408,129735,129737],{},[15,129732,124592],{},[15,129734,430],{},[15,129736,1367],{}," instead of an index",[36,129739,129740,129741,129743],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129742,66096],{}," when the substring is missing",[36,129745,657,129746,129748],{},[15,129747,124592],{}," without handling case differences",[36,129750,37711,129751,9213,129753],{},[15,129752,124592],{},[15,129754,59208],{},[36,129756,5092,129757,129759],{},[15,129758,124592],{}," changes the string",[20,129761,129762],{},"Example of a mistake:",[64,129764,129766],{"className":66,"code":129765,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129767,129768,129780,129784,129804,129819,129825],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,129769,129770,129772,129774,129776,129778],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,129771,217],{"class":216},[73,129773,221],{"class":220},[73,129775,224],{"class":93},[73,129777,4357],{"class":97},[73,129779,230],{"class":93},[73,129781,129782],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,129783,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,129785,129786,129788,129790,129792,129794,129796,129798,129800,129802],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,129787,7507],{"class":933},[73,129789,43335],{"class":216},[73,129791,653],{"class":83},[73,129793,128622],{"class":245},[73,129795,84],{"class":83},[73,129797,94],{"class":93},[73,129799,60679],{"class":97},[73,129801,94],{"class":93},[73,129803,8851],{"class":83},[73,129805,129806,129808,129810,129812,129815,129817],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,129807,1676],{"class":79},[73,129809,84],{"class":83},[73,129811,94],{"class":93},[73,129813,129814],{"class":97},"Found",[73,129816,94],{"class":93},[73,129818,249],{"class":83},[73,129820,129821,129823],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,129822,27944],{"class":933},[73,129824,946],{"class":83},[73,129826,129827,129829,129831,129833,129835,129837],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,129828,1676],{"class":79},[73,129830,84],{"class":83},[73,129832,94],{"class":93},[73,129834,26825],{"class":97},[73,129836,94],{"class":93},[73,129838,249],{"class":83},[20,129840,100158],{},[64,129842,129844],{"className":66,"code":129843,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Not found\n",[15,129845,129846],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,129847,129848],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,129849,129843],{"class":216},[20,129851,46194,129852,129855,129856,17583,129858,129860,129861,129863],{},[15,129853,129854],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129857,806],{},[15,129859,806],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129862,7507],{}," statement.",[20,129865,129866],{},"A safer version is:",[64,129868,129870],{"className":66,"code":129869,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129871,129872,129884,129888,129917,129931,129937],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,129873,129874,129876,129878,129880,129882],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,129875,217],{"class":216},[73,129877,221],{"class":220},[73,129879,224],{"class":93},[73,129881,4357],{"class":97},[73,129883,230],{"class":93},[73,129885,129886],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,129887,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,129889,129890,129892,129894,129896,129898,129900,129902,129904,129906,129908,129911,129913,129915],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,129891,7507],{"class":933},[73,129893,43335],{"class":216},[73,129895,653],{"class":83},[73,129897,128622],{"class":245},[73,129899,84],{"class":83},[73,129901,94],{"class":93},[73,129903,60679],{"class":97},[73,129905,94],{"class":93},[73,129907,4177],{"class":83},[73,129909,129910],{"class":220}," !=",[73,129912,2759],{"class":220},[73,129914,2397],{"class":116},[73,129916,946],{"class":83},[73,129918,129919,129921,129923,129925,129927,129929],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,129920,1676],{"class":79},[73,129922,84],{"class":83},[73,129924,94],{"class":93},[73,129926,129814],{"class":97},[73,129928,94],{"class":93},[73,129930,249],{"class":83},[73,129932,129933,129935],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,129934,27944],{"class":933},[73,129936,946],{"class":83},[73,129938,129939,129941,129943,129945,129947,129949],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,129940,1676],{"class":79},[73,129942,84],{"class":83},[73,129944,94],{"class":93},[73,129946,26825],{"class":97},[73,129948,94],{"class":93},[73,129950,249],{"class":83},[20,129952,129953],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[64,129955,129957],{"className":66,"code":129956,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129958,129959,129981,129995,130021,130035],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,129960,129961,129963,129965,129967,129969,129971,129973,129975,129977,129979],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,129962,80],{"class":79},[73,129964,84],{"class":83},[73,129966,246],{"class":245},[73,129968,653],{"class":83},[73,129970,128622],{"class":245},[73,129972,84],{"class":83},[73,129974,343],{"class":93},[73,129976,38898],{"class":97},[73,129978,343],{"class":93},[73,129980,102],{"class":83},[73,129982,129983,129985,129987,129989,129991,129993],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,129984,80],{"class":79},[73,129986,84],{"class":83},[73,129988,42279],{"class":79},[73,129990,84],{"class":83},[73,129992,246],{"class":245},[73,129994,102],{"class":83},[73,129996,129997,129999,130001,130003,130005,130007,130009,130011,130013,130015,130017,130019],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,129998,80],{"class":79},[73,130000,84],{"class":83},[73,130002,246],{"class":245},[73,130004,653],{"class":83},[73,130006,9148],{"class":245},[73,130008,9145],{"class":83},[73,130010,128622],{"class":245},[73,130012,84],{"class":83},[73,130014,343],{"class":93},[73,130016,38898],{"class":97},[73,130018,343],{"class":93},[73,130020,102],{"class":83},[73,130022,130023,130025,130027,130029,130031,130033],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,130024,80],{"class":79},[73,130026,84],{"class":83},[73,130028,11670],{"class":79},[73,130030,84],{"class":83},[73,130032,246],{"class":245},[73,130034,102],{"class":83},[73,130036,130037,130039,130041,130043,130045,130047,130049,130051,130053,130055,130057,130059,130061,130063],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,130038,80],{"class":79},[73,130040,84],{"class":83},[73,130042,246],{"class":245},[73,130044,653],{"class":83},[73,130046,128622],{"class":245},[73,130048,84],{"class":83},[73,130050,343],{"class":93},[73,130052,38898],{"class":97},[73,130054,343],{"class":93},[73,130056,140],{"class":83},[73,130058,36558],{"class":245},[73,130060,140],{"class":83},[73,130062,65282],{"class":245},[73,130064,102],{"class":83},[20,130066,130067],{},"These help you check:",[33,130069,130070,130075,130080,130085,130088],{},[36,130071,130072,130073],{},"The actual result from ",[15,130074,124592],{},[36,130076,130077,130078],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,130079,122811],{},[36,130081,130082,130083],{},"Case differences with ",[15,130084,124327],{},[36,130086,130087],{},"The string length",[36,130089,130090,130091,1647,130093,130095],{},"Whether your ",[15,130092,36579],{},[15,130094,52899],{}," values are correct",[59,130097,2350],{"id":2349},[403,130099,130101,130102,130104],{"id":130100},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,130103,124592],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,130106,2394,130107,653],{},[15,130108,66096],{},[403,130110,2354,130112,130114],{"id":130111},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,130113,124592],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,130116,130117],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[403,130119,130121,130122,124933],{"id":130120},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,130123,124592],{},[20,130125,130126],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[403,130128,5691,130130,1647,130132,69897],{"id":130129},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,130131,124592],{},[15,130133,59208],{},[20,130135,130136,2928,130138,130140,130141,52733,130143,653],{},[15,130137,124592],{},[15,130139,66096],{}," if not found, while ",[15,130142,59208],{},[15,130144,781],{},[403,130146,28838,130148,130150],{"id":130147},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,130149,124592],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,130152,130153,130154,1647,130156,66395],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,130155,36579],{},[15,130157,52899],{},[59,130159,2413],{"id":2412},[33,130161,130162,130168,130174,130181,130187,130194,130198,130203],{},[36,130163,130164],{},[646,130165,126597,130166,11248],{"href":124617},[15,130167,59208],{},[36,130169,130170],{},[646,130171,126597,130172,11248],{"href":129284},[15,130173,60772],{},[36,130175,130176],{},[646,130177,126597,130179,11248],{"href":130178},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,130180,124768],{},[36,130182,130183],{},[646,130184,126597,130185,11248],{"href":127962},[15,130186,127965],{},[36,130188,130189],{},[646,130190,126597,130192,11248],{"href":130191},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,130193,126655],{},[36,130195,130196],{},[646,130197,124996],{"href":123852},[36,130199,130200],{},[646,130201,130202],{"href":129280},"How to split a string in Python",[36,130204,130205],{},[646,130206,26632,130207],{"href":73724},[15,130208,129568],{},[2459,130210,130211],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":130213},[130214,130216,130219,130220,130221,130222,130224,130225,130226,130238],{"id":128698,"depth":105,"text":130215},"What find() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370,"children":130217},[130218],{"id":17905,"depth":122,"text":17906},{"id":38526,"depth":105,"text":38527},{"id":65648,"depth":105,"text":66431},{"id":124243,"depth":105,"text":124244},{"id":129425,"depth":105,"text":130223},"find() vs index()",{"id":41549,"depth":105,"text":41550},{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":130227},[130228,130230,130232,130234,130236],{"id":130100,"depth":122,"text":130229},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":130111,"depth":122,"text":130231},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":130120,"depth":122,"text":130233},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":130129,"depth":122,"text":130235},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":130147,"depth":122,"text":130237},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128570,"description":130239},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":130246,"title":130247,"body":130248,"description":132174,"extension":2511,"meta":132175,"navigation":254,"path":132176,"seo":132177,"stem":132178,"__hash__":132179},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":130249,"toc":132142},[130250,130255,130260,130263,130265,130341,130345,130373,130381,130385,130390,130394,130411,130413,130480,130484,130506,130514,130516,130519,130543,130546,130560,130562,130647,130651,130663,130666,130670,130676,130726,130730,130747,130756,130759,130767,130770,130819,130823,130848,130851,130906,130910,130922,130928,130932,130938,130943,131010,131014,131040,131043,131054,131056,131123,131127,131152,131159,131163,131168,131175,131183,131185,131237,131241,131259,131261,131306,131310,131325,131328,131338,131345,131347,131351,131354,131365,131367,131427,131431,131459,131462,131468,131473,131476,131480,131524,131527,131565,131568,131576,131578,131583,131587,131590,131638,131641,131644,131700,131704,131709,131712,131761,131763,131812,131818,131823,131825,131872,131876,131889,131891,131942,131948,131951,131955,131958,131964,131969,131971,131974,132046,132049,132066,132068,132073,132076,132080,132086,132092,132099,132105,132111,132113,132139],[10,130251,123597,130253,11831],{"id":130252},"python-string-format-method",[15,130254,126600],{},[20,130256,123602,130257,130259],{},[15,130258,126600],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,130261,130262],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[59,130264,62],{"id":61},[64,130266,130268],{"className":66,"code":130267,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,130269,130270,130282,130290,130294,130331],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,130271,130272,130274,130276,130278,130280],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,130273,8387],{"class":216},[73,130275,221],{"class":220},[73,130277,224],{"class":93},[73,130279,12019],{"class":97},[73,130281,230],{"class":93},[73,130283,130284,130286,130288],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,130285,2056],{"class":216},[73,130287,221],{"class":220},[73,130289,89041],{"class":116},[73,130291,130292],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,130293,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,130295,130296,130298,130300,130302,130305,130307,130310,130312,130314,130316,130318,130321,130323,130325,130327,130329],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,130297,90249],{"class":216},[73,130299,221],{"class":220},[73,130301,224],{"class":93},[73,130303,130304],{"class":97},"My name is ",[73,130306,4305],{"class":116},[73,130308,130309],{"class":97}," and I am ",[73,130311,4305],{"class":116},[73,130313,122593],{"class":97},[73,130315,94],{"class":93},[73,130317,653],{"class":83},[73,130319,130320],{"class":245},"format",[73,130322,84],{"class":83},[73,130324,8177],{"class":245},[73,130326,140],{"class":83},[73,130328,9695],{"class":245},[73,130330,249],{"class":83},[73,130332,130333,130335,130337,130339],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,130334,80],{"class":79},[73,130336,84],{"class":83},[73,130338,90266],{"class":245},[73,130340,249],{"class":83},[20,130342,130343],{},[1194,130344,148],{},[64,130346,130348],{"className":66,"code":130347,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,130349,130350],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,130351,130352,130355,130357,130360,130363,130366,130369,130371],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,130353,130354],{"class":216},"My name ",[73,130356,12705],{"class":220},[73,130358,130359],{"class":216}," Maya ",[73,130361,130362],{"class":220},"and",[73,130364,130365],{"class":216}," I am ",[73,130367,130368],{"class":116},"12",[73,130370,122626],{"class":216},[73,130372,122629],{"class":83},[20,130374,171,130375,130377,130378,130380],{},[15,130376,4305],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,130379,126600],{}," in the same order.",[20,130382,125349,130383,653],{},[646,130384,125352],{"href":51213},[59,130386,13507,130388,13510],{"id":130387},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,130389,126600],{},[20,130391,1580,130392,11922],{},[15,130393,126600],{},[33,130395,130396,130399,130405,130408],{},[36,130397,130398],{},"inserts values into a string",[36,130400,130401,130402,130404],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,130403,4305],{}," with given values",[36,130406,130407],{},"returns a new string",[36,130409,130410],{},"does not change the original string",[20,130412,206],{},[64,130414,130416],{"className":66,"code":130415,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130417,130418,130432,130455,130459,130470],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,130419,130420,130422,130424,130426,130428,130430],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,130421,217],{"class":216},[73,130423,221],{"class":220},[73,130425,224],{"class":93},[73,130427,45393],{"class":97},[73,130429,4305],{"class":116},[73,130431,230],{"class":93},[73,130433,130434,130437,130439,130441,130443,130445,130447,130449,130451,130453],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,130435,130436],{"class":216},"new_text ",[73,130438,221],{"class":220},[73,130440,43335],{"class":216},[73,130442,653],{"class":83},[73,130444,130320],{"class":245},[73,130446,84],{"class":83},[73,130448,94],{"class":93},[73,130450,8186],{"class":97},[73,130452,94],{"class":93},[73,130454,249],{"class":83},[73,130456,130457],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,130458,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,130460,130461,130463,130465,130468],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,130462,80],{"class":79},[73,130464,84],{"class":83},[73,130466,130467],{"class":245},"new_text",[73,130469,249],{"class":83},[73,130471,130472,130474,130476,130478],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,130473,80],{"class":79},[73,130475,84],{"class":83},[73,130477,246],{"class":245},[73,130479,249],{"class":83},[20,130481,130482],{},[1194,130483,148],{},[64,130485,130487],{"className":66,"code":130486,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130488,130489,130498],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,130490,130491,130493,130495],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,130492,35373],{"class":216},[73,130494,140],{"class":83},[73,130496,130497],{"class":216}," Sam\n",[73,130499,130500,130502,130504],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,130501,35373],{"class":216},[73,130503,140],{"class":83},[73,130505,10344],{"class":83},[20,130507,2822,130508,130510,130511,130513],{},[15,130509,246],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130512,126600],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[59,130515,370],{"id":369},[20,130517,130518],{},"The general form is:",[64,130520,130522],{"className":66,"code":130521,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130523,130524],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,130525,130526,130528,130531,130533,130535,130537,130539,130541],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,130527,94],{"class":1033},[73,130529,130530],{"class":1036},"text {}",[73,130532,94],{"class":1033},[73,130534,653],{"class":83},[73,130536,130320],{"class":245},[73,130538,84],{"class":83},[73,130540,967],{"class":245},[73,130542,249],{"class":83},[20,130544,130545],{},"Key idea:",[33,130547,130548,130554,130557],{},[36,130549,130550,130551,130553],{},"each ",[15,130552,4305],{}," is a placeholder",[36,130555,130556],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[36,130558,130559],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130561,206],{},[64,130563,130565],{"className":66,"code":130564,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130566,130567,130580,130594,130598,130636],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,130568,130569,130572,130574,130576,130578],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,130570,130571],{"class":216},"animal ",[73,130573,221],{"class":220},[73,130575,224],{"class":93},[73,130577,37554],{"class":97},[73,130579,230],{"class":93},[73,130581,130582,130585,130587,130589,130592],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,130583,130584],{"class":216},"sound ",[73,130586,221],{"class":220},[73,130588,224],{"class":93},[73,130590,130591],{"class":97},"meow",[73,130593,230],{"class":93},[73,130595,130596],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,130597,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,130599,130600,130603,130605,130607,130609,130611,130614,130616,130618,130620,130622,130624,130626,130629,130631,130634],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,130601,130602],{"class":216},"sentence ",[73,130604,221],{"class":220},[73,130606,224],{"class":93},[73,130608,1580],{"class":97},[73,130610,4305],{"class":116},[73,130612,130613],{"class":97}," says ",[73,130615,4305],{"class":116},[73,130617,653],{"class":97},[73,130619,94],{"class":93},[73,130621,653],{"class":83},[73,130623,130320],{"class":245},[73,130625,84],{"class":83},[73,130627,130628],{"class":245},"animal",[73,130630,140],{"class":83},[73,130632,130633],{"class":245}," sound",[73,130635,249],{"class":83},[73,130637,130638,130640,130642,130645],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,130639,80],{"class":79},[73,130641,84],{"class":83},[73,130643,130644],{"class":245},"sentence",[73,130646,249],{"class":83},[20,130648,130649],{},[1194,130650,148],{},[64,130652,130654],{"className":66,"code":130653,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130655,130656],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,130657,130658,130661],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,130659,130660],{"class":216},"The cat says meow",[73,130662,122629],{"class":83},[20,130664,130665],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[59,130667,130669],{"id":130668},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130671,130672,130673,130675],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130674,4305],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[64,130677,130679],{"className":66,"code":130678,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130680,130681],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,130682,130683,130685,130687,130689,130692,130694,130696,130698,130700,130702,130704,130706,130708,130710,130713,130715,130717,130719,130722,130724],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,130684,80],{"class":79},[73,130686,84],{"class":83},[73,130688,94],{"class":93},[73,130690,130691],{"class":97},"I like ",[73,130693,4305],{"class":116},[73,130695,1647],{"class":97},[73,130697,4305],{"class":116},[73,130699,653],{"class":97},[73,130701,94],{"class":93},[73,130703,653],{"class":83},[73,130705,130320],{"class":245},[73,130707,84],{"class":83},[73,130709,94],{"class":93},[73,130711,130712],{"class":97},"pizza",[73,130714,94],{"class":93},[73,130716,140],{"class":83},[73,130718,224],{"class":93},[73,130720,130721],{"class":97},"pasta",[73,130723,94],{"class":93},[73,130725,102],{"class":83},[20,130727,130728],{},[1194,130729,148],{},[64,130731,130733],{"className":66,"code":130732,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130734,130735],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,130736,130737,130740,130742,130745],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,130738,130739],{"class":216},"I like pizza ",[73,130741,130362],{"class":220},[73,130743,130744],{"class":216}," pasta",[73,130746,122629],{"class":83},[20,130748,130749,130750,1647,130753,653],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130751,130752],{},"{0}",[15,130754,130755],{},"{1}",[20,130757,130758],{},"This is helpful when:",[33,130760,130761,130764],{},[36,130762,130763],{},"you want to reuse a value",[36,130765,130766],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130768,130769],{},"Example with reused values:",[64,130771,130773],{"className":66,"code":130772,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130774,130775,130809],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,130776,130777,130779,130781,130783,130785,130788,130790,130793,130795,130797,130799,130801,130803,130805,130807],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,130778,217],{"class":216},[73,130780,221],{"class":220},[73,130782,224],{"class":93},[73,130784,130752],{"class":116},[73,130786,130787],{"class":97}," is learning Python. ",[73,130789,130752],{"class":116},[73,130791,130792],{"class":97}," likes coding.",[73,130794,94],{"class":93},[73,130796,653],{"class":83},[73,130798,130320],{"class":245},[73,130800,84],{"class":83},[73,130802,94],{"class":93},[73,130804,20394],{"class":97},[73,130806,94],{"class":93},[73,130808,249],{"class":83},[73,130810,130811,130813,130815,130817],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,130812,80],{"class":79},[73,130814,84],{"class":83},[73,130816,246],{"class":245},[73,130818,249],{"class":83},[20,130820,130821],{},[1194,130822,148],{},[64,130824,130826],{"className":66,"code":130825,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130827,130828],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,130829,130830,130833,130835,130838,130840,130843,130846],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,130831,130832],{"class":216},"Lina ",[73,130834,12705],{"class":220},[73,130836,130837],{"class":216}," learning Python",[73,130839,653],{"class":83},[73,130841,130842],{"class":25260}," Lina",[73,130844,130845],{"class":216}," likes coding",[73,130847,122629],{"class":83},[20,130849,130850],{},"Example with changed order:",[64,130852,130854],{"className":66,"code":130853,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130855,130856,130896],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,130857,130858,130860,130862,130864,130866,130868,130870,130872,130874,130876,130878,130880,130882,130884,130886,130888,130890,130892,130894],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,130859,217],{"class":216},[73,130861,221],{"class":220},[73,130863,224],{"class":93},[73,130865,130755],{"class":116},[73,130867,83568],{"class":97},[73,130869,130752],{"class":116},[73,130871,653],{"class":97},[73,130873,94],{"class":93},[73,130875,653],{"class":83},[73,130877,130320],{"class":245},[73,130879,84],{"class":83},[73,130881,94],{"class":93},[73,130883,7094],{"class":97},[73,130885,94],{"class":93},[73,130887,140],{"class":83},[73,130889,224],{"class":93},[73,130891,79513],{"class":97},[73,130893,94],{"class":93},[73,130895,249],{"class":83},[73,130897,130898,130900,130902,130904],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,130899,80],{"class":79},[73,130901,84],{"class":83},[73,130903,246],{"class":245},[73,130905,249],{"class":83},[20,130907,130908],{},[1194,130909,148],{},[64,130911,130913],{"className":66,"code":130912,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130914,130915],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,130916,130917,130920],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,130918,130919],{"class":216},"two comes after one",[73,130921,122629],{"class":83},[20,130923,130924,130925,130927],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130926,4305],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[59,130929,130931],{"id":130930},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130933,130934,130935,653],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130936,130937],{},"{name}",[20,130939,130940,130941,1063],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130942,126600],{},[64,130944,130946],{"className":66,"code":130945,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130947,130948,131000],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,130949,130950,130952,130954,130956,130958,130960,130963,130966,130968,130970,130972,130974,130976,130978,130980,130982,130984,130986,130988,130990,130992,130994,130996,130998],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,130951,217],{"class":216},[73,130953,221],{"class":220},[73,130955,224],{"class":93},[73,130957,130304],{"class":97},[73,130959,130937],{"class":116},[73,130961,130962],{"class":97}," and I live in ",[73,130964,130965],{"class":116},"{city}",[73,130967,653],{"class":97},[73,130969,94],{"class":93},[73,130971,653],{"class":83},[73,130973,130320],{"class":245},[73,130975,84],{"class":83},[73,130977,8177],{"class":9682},[73,130979,221],{"class":220},[73,130981,94],{"class":93},[73,130983,13391],{"class":97},[73,130985,94],{"class":93},[73,130987,140],{"class":83},[73,130989,31891],{"class":9682},[73,130991,221],{"class":220},[73,130993,94],{"class":93},[73,130995,16541],{"class":97},[73,130997,94],{"class":93},[73,130999,249],{"class":83},[73,131001,131002,131004,131006,131008],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,131003,80],{"class":79},[73,131005,84],{"class":83},[73,131007,246],{"class":245},[73,131009,249],{"class":83},[20,131011,131012],{},[1194,131013,148],{},[64,131015,131017],{"className":66,"code":131016,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,131018,131019],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,131020,131021,131023,131025,131028,131030,131033,131035,131038],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,131022,130354],{"class":216},[73,131024,12705],{"class":220},[73,131026,131027],{"class":216}," Ana ",[73,131029,130362],{"class":220},[73,131031,131032],{"class":216}," I live ",[73,131034,940],{"class":220},[73,131036,131037],{"class":216}," Lima",[73,131039,122629],{"class":83},[20,131041,131042],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[33,131044,131045,131048,131051],{},[36,131046,131047],{},"they make code easier to read",[36,131049,131050],{},"they help when a string has many values",[36,131052,131053],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,131055,206],{},[64,131057,131059],{"className":66,"code":131058,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,131060,131061,131113],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,131062,131063,131066,131068,131070,131073,131076,131079,131082,131084,131086,131088,131090,131092,131094,131096,131099,131101,131103,131106,131108,131111],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,131064,131065],{"class":216},"report ",[73,131067,221],{"class":220},[73,131069,224],{"class":93},[73,131071,131072],{"class":97},"Student: ",[73,131074,131075],{"class":116},"{student}",[73,131077,131078],{"class":97},", Score: ",[73,131080,131081],{"class":116},"{score}",[73,131083,94],{"class":93},[73,131085,653],{"class":83},[73,131087,130320],{"class":245},[73,131089,84],{"class":83},[73,131091,14137],{"class":9682},[73,131093,221],{"class":220},[73,131095,94],{"class":93},[73,131097,131098],{"class":97},"Noah",[73,131100,94],{"class":93},[73,131102,140],{"class":83},[73,131104,131105],{"class":9682}," score",[73,131107,221],{"class":220},[73,131109,131110],{"class":116},"95",[73,131112,249],{"class":83},[73,131114,131115,131117,131119,131121],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,131116,80],{"class":79},[73,131118,84],{"class":83},[73,131120,128310],{"class":245},[73,131122,249],{"class":83},[20,131124,131125],{},[1194,131126,148],{},[64,131128,131130],{"className":66,"code":131129,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,131131,131132],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,131133,131134,131137,131139,131142,131144,131147,131149],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,131135,131136],{"class":216},"Student",[73,131138,1063],{"class":83},[73,131140,131141],{"class":216}," Noah",[73,131143,140],{"class":83},[73,131145,131146],{"class":216}," Score",[73,131148,1063],{"class":83},[73,131150,131151],{"class":116}," 95\n",[20,131153,131154,131155,653],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[646,131156,13,131157,2422],{"href":1323},[15,131158,1326],{},[59,131160,131162],{"id":131161},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,131164,131165,131167],{},[15,131166,126600],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,131169,131170,131171,131174],{},"A common example is ",[15,131172,131173],{},":.2f",", which means:",[33,131176,131177,131180],{},[36,131178,131179],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[36,131181,131182],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,131184,206],{},[64,131186,131188],{"className":66,"code":131187,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,131189,131190,131198,131227],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,131191,131192,131194,131196],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,131193,40893],{"class":216},[73,131195,221],{"class":220},[73,131197,49513],{"class":116},[73,131199,131200,131202,131204,131206,131209,131211,131213,131215,131217,131219,131221,131223,131225],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,131201,217],{"class":216},[73,131203,221],{"class":220},[73,131205,224],{"class":93},[73,131207,131208],{"class":97},"Price: $",[73,131210,999],{"class":116},[73,131212,131173],{"class":333},[73,131214,1007],{"class":116},[73,131216,94],{"class":93},[73,131218,653],{"class":83},[73,131220,130320],{"class":245},[73,131222,84],{"class":83},[73,131224,25660],{"class":245},[73,131226,249],{"class":83},[73,131228,131229,131231,131233,131235],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,131230,80],{"class":79},[73,131232,84],{"class":83},[73,131234,246],{"class":245},[73,131236,249],{"class":83},[20,131238,131239],{},[1194,131240,148],{},[64,131242,131244],{"className":66,"code":131243,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,131245,131246],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,131247,131248,131251,131253,131256],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,131249,131250],{"class":216},"Price",[73,131252,1063],{"class":83},[73,131254,131255],{"class":1041}," $",[73,131257,131258],{"class":116},"3.50\n",[20,131260,52318],{},[64,131262,131264],{"className":66,"code":131263,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,131265,131266,131276],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,131267,131268,131271,131273],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,131269,131270],{"class":216},"average ",[73,131272,221],{"class":220},[73,131274,131275],{"class":116}," 91.236\n",[73,131277,131278,131280,131282,131284,131287,131289,131291,131293,131295,131297,131299,131301,131304],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,131279,80],{"class":79},[73,131281,84],{"class":83},[73,131283,94],{"class":93},[73,131285,131286],{"class":97},"Average: ",[73,131288,999],{"class":116},[73,131290,131173],{"class":333},[73,131292,1007],{"class":116},[73,131294,94],{"class":93},[73,131296,653],{"class":83},[73,131298,130320],{"class":245},[73,131300,84],{"class":83},[73,131302,131303],{"class":245},"average",[73,131305,102],{"class":83},[20,131307,131308],{},[1194,131309,148],{},[64,131311,131313],{"className":66,"code":131312,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,131314,131315],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,131316,131317,131320,131322],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,131318,131319],{"class":216},"Average",[73,131321,1063],{"class":83},[73,131323,131324],{"class":116}," 91.24\n",[20,131326,131327],{},"This is useful for:",[33,131329,131330,131332,131335],{},[36,131331,83326],{},[36,131333,131334],{},"averages",[36,131336,131337],{},"percentages",[20,131339,131340,131341,653],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[646,131342,13,131343,652],{"href":46937},[15,131344,46940],{},[59,131346,17930],{"id":17929},[20,131348,131349,92763],{},[15,131350,126600],{},[20,131352,131353],{},"That means you can:",[33,131355,131356,131359,131362],{},[36,131357,131358],{},"save it in a variable",[36,131360,131361],{},"print it directly",[36,131363,131364],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,131366,206],{},[64,131368,131370],{"className":66,"code":131369,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,131371,131372,131403,131413],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,131373,131374,131376,131378,131380,131382,131384,131386,131388,131390,131392,131394,131396,131399,131401],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,131375,90249],{"class":216},[73,131377,221],{"class":220},[73,131379,224],{"class":93},[73,131381,45393],{"class":97},[73,131383,4305],{"class":116},[73,131385,90090],{"class":97},[73,131387,94],{"class":93},[73,131389,653],{"class":83},[73,131391,130320],{"class":245},[73,131393,84],{"class":83},[73,131395,94],{"class":93},[73,131397,131398],{"class":97},"Chris",[73,131400,94],{"class":93},[73,131402,249],{"class":83},[73,131404,131405,131407,131409,131411],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,131406,80],{"class":79},[73,131408,84],{"class":83},[73,131410,90266],{"class":245},[73,131412,249],{"class":83},[73,131414,131415,131417,131419,131421,131423,131425],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,131416,80],{"class":79},[73,131418,84],{"class":83},[73,131420,288],{"class":87},[73,131422,84],{"class":83},[73,131424,90266],{"class":245},[73,131426,102],{"class":83},[20,131428,131429],{},[1194,131430,148],{},[64,131432,131434],{"className":66,"code":131433,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,131435,131436,131445],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,131437,131438,131440,131442],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,131439,35373],{"class":216},[73,131441,140],{"class":83},[73,131443,131444],{"class":216}," Chris!\n",[73,131446,131447,131449,131451,131453,131455,131457],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,131448,330],{"class":220},[73,131450,334],{"class":333},[73,131452,337],{"class":93},[73,131454,340],{"class":97},[73,131456,343],{"class":93},[73,131458,346],{"class":220},[20,131460,131461],{},"The original string is not changed.",[59,131463,131465,131467],{"id":131464},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,131466,126600],{}," vs f-strings",[20,131469,131470,131472],{},[15,131471,126600],{}," is a string method.",[20,131474,131475],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,131477,46529,131478,1063],{},[15,131479,126600],{},[64,131481,131483],{"className":66,"code":131482,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131484,131485,131498],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,131486,131487,131489,131491,131493,131496],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,131488,8387],{"class":216},[73,131490,221],{"class":220},[73,131492,224],{"class":93},[73,131494,131495],{"class":97},"Rita",[73,131497,230],{"class":93},[73,131499,131500,131502,131504,131506,131508,131510,131512,131514,131516,131518,131520,131522],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,131501,80],{"class":79},[73,131503,84],{"class":83},[73,131505,94],{"class":93},[73,131507,45393],{"class":97},[73,131509,4305],{"class":116},[73,131511,90090],{"class":97},[73,131513,94],{"class":93},[73,131515,653],{"class":83},[73,131517,130320],{"class":245},[73,131519,84],{"class":83},[73,131521,8177],{"class":245},[73,131523,102],{"class":83},[20,131525,131526],{},"Example with an f-string:",[64,131528,131530],{"className":66,"code":131529,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131531,131532,131544],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,131533,131534,131536,131538,131540,131542],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,131535,8387],{"class":216},[73,131537,221],{"class":220},[73,131539,224],{"class":93},[73,131541,131495],{"class":97},[73,131543,230],{"class":93},[73,131545,131546,131548,131550,131552,131554,131556,131558,131560,131563],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,131547,80],{"class":79},[73,131549,84],{"class":83},[73,131551,994],{"class":333},[73,131553,43838],{"class":97},[73,131555,999],{"class":116},[73,131557,8177],{"class":245},[73,131559,1007],{"class":116},[73,131561,131562],{"class":97},"!\"",[73,131564,249],{"class":83},[20,131566,131567],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131569,131570,131571,131573,131574,653],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131572,126600],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[646,131575,89935],{"href":89934},[59,131577,2102],{"id":2101},[20,131579,131580,131581,653],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131582,126600],{},[403,131584,131586],{"id":131585},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131588,131589],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[64,131591,131593],{"className":66,"code":131592,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131594,131595,131628],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,131596,131597,131599,131601,131603,131605,131607,131610,131612,131614,131616,131618,131620,131622,131624,131626],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,131598,217],{"class":216},[73,131600,221],{"class":220},[73,131602,224],{"class":93},[73,131604,45393],{"class":97},[73,131606,4305],{"class":116},[73,131608,131609],{"class":116}," {}",[73,131611,90090],{"class":97},[73,131613,94],{"class":93},[73,131615,653],{"class":83},[73,131617,130320],{"class":245},[73,131619,84],{"class":83},[73,131621,94],{"class":93},[73,131623,8186],{"class":97},[73,131625,94],{"class":93},[73,131627,249],{"class":83},[73,131629,131630,131632,131634,131636],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,131631,80],{"class":79},[73,131633,84],{"class":83},[73,131635,246],{"class":245},[73,131637,249],{"class":83},[20,131639,131640],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131642,131643],{},"Fixed version:",[64,131645,131647],{"className":66,"code":131646,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131648,131649,131690],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,131650,131651,131653,131655,131657,131659,131661,131663,131665,131667,131669,131671,131673,131675,131677,131679,131681,131683,131686,131688],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,131652,217],{"class":216},[73,131654,221],{"class":220},[73,131656,224],{"class":93},[73,131658,45393],{"class":97},[73,131660,4305],{"class":116},[73,131662,131609],{"class":116},[73,131664,90090],{"class":97},[73,131666,94],{"class":93},[73,131668,653],{"class":83},[73,131670,130320],{"class":245},[73,131672,84],{"class":83},[73,131674,94],{"class":93},[73,131676,8186],{"class":97},[73,131678,94],{"class":93},[73,131680,140],{"class":83},[73,131682,224],{"class":93},[73,131684,131685],{"class":97},"Lee",[73,131687,94],{"class":93},[73,131689,249],{"class":83},[73,131691,131692,131694,131696,131698],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,131693,80],{"class":79},[73,131695,84],{"class":83},[73,131697,246],{"class":245},[73,131699,249],{"class":83},[403,131701,131703],{"id":131702},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131705,131706,131707,653],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131708,126600],{},[20,131710,131711],{},"Problem:",[64,131713,131715],{"className":66,"code":131714,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131716,131717,131751],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,131718,131719,131721,131723,131725,131727,131729,131731,131733,131735,131737,131739,131741,131743,131745,131747,131749],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,131720,217],{"class":216},[73,131722,221],{"class":220},[73,131724,224],{"class":93},[73,131726,45393],{"class":97},[73,131728,130937],{"class":116},[73,131730,90090],{"class":97},[73,131732,94],{"class":93},[73,131734,653],{"class":83},[73,131736,130320],{"class":245},[73,131738,84],{"class":83},[73,131740,8496],{"class":9682},[73,131742,221],{"class":220},[73,131744,94],{"class":93},[73,131746,8186],{"class":97},[73,131748,94],{"class":93},[73,131750,249],{"class":83},[73,131752,131753,131755,131757,131759],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,131754,80],{"class":79},[73,131756,84],{"class":83},[73,131758,246],{"class":245},[73,131760,249],{"class":83},[20,131762,131643],{},[64,131764,131766],{"className":66,"code":131765,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131767,131768,131802],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,131769,131770,131772,131774,131776,131778,131780,131782,131784,131786,131788,131790,131792,131794,131796,131798,131800],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,131771,217],{"class":216},[73,131773,221],{"class":220},[73,131775,224],{"class":93},[73,131777,45393],{"class":97},[73,131779,130937],{"class":116},[73,131781,90090],{"class":97},[73,131783,94],{"class":93},[73,131785,653],{"class":83},[73,131787,130320],{"class":245},[73,131789,84],{"class":83},[73,131791,8177],{"class":9682},[73,131793,221],{"class":220},[73,131795,94],{"class":93},[73,131797,8186],{"class":97},[73,131799,94],{"class":93},[73,131801,249],{"class":83},[73,131803,131804,131806,131808,131810],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,131805,80],{"class":79},[73,131807,84],{"class":83},[73,131809,246],{"class":245},[73,131811,249],{"class":83},[403,131813,2300,131815,131817],{"id":131814},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131816,126600],{}," to change the original string",[20,131819,131820,131822],{},[15,131821,126600],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131824,131711],{},[64,131826,131828],{"className":66,"code":131827,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131829,131830,131844,131862],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,131831,131832,131834,131836,131838,131840,131842],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,131833,217],{"class":216},[73,131835,221],{"class":220},[73,131837,224],{"class":93},[73,131839,45393],{"class":97},[73,131841,4305],{"class":116},[73,131843,230],{"class":93},[73,131845,131846,131848,131850,131852,131854,131856,131858,131860],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,131847,246],{"class":216},[73,131849,653],{"class":83},[73,131851,130320],{"class":245},[73,131853,84],{"class":83},[73,131855,94],{"class":93},[73,131857,8186],{"class":97},[73,131859,94],{"class":93},[73,131861,249],{"class":83},[73,131863,131864,131866,131868,131870],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,131865,80],{"class":79},[73,131867,84],{"class":83},[73,131869,246],{"class":245},[73,131871,249],{"class":83},[20,131873,131874],{},[1194,131875,148],{},[64,131877,131879],{"className":66,"code":131878,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131880,131881],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,131882,131883,131885,131887],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,131884,35373],{"class":216},[73,131886,140],{"class":83},[73,131888,10344],{"class":83},[20,131890,131643],{},[64,131892,131894],{"className":66,"code":131893,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131895,131896,131910,131932],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,131897,131898,131900,131902,131904,131906,131908],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,131899,217],{"class":216},[73,131901,221],{"class":220},[73,131903,224],{"class":93},[73,131905,45393],{"class":97},[73,131907,4305],{"class":116},[73,131909,230],{"class":93},[73,131911,131912,131914,131916,131918,131920,131922,131924,131926,131928,131930],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,131913,217],{"class":216},[73,131915,221],{"class":220},[73,131917,43335],{"class":216},[73,131919,653],{"class":83},[73,131921,130320],{"class":245},[73,131923,84],{"class":83},[73,131925,94],{"class":93},[73,131927,8186],{"class":97},[73,131929,94],{"class":93},[73,131931,249],{"class":83},[73,131933,131934,131936,131938,131940],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,131935,80],{"class":79},[73,131937,84],{"class":83},[73,131939,246],{"class":245},[73,131941,249],{"class":83},[403,131943,5217,131945,131947],{"id":131944},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131946,126600],{}," returns a new string",[20,131949,131950],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[403,131952,131954],{"id":131953},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131956,131957],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131959,131960,131961,131963],{},"Use simple ",[15,131962,4305],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131965,131966,131967,653],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[646,131968,90648],{"href":90647},[59,131970,68137],{"id":68136},[20,131972,131973],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[64,131975,131977],{"className":66,"code":131976,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131978,131979,131989,132003,132032],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,131980,131981,131983,131985,131987],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,131982,80],{"class":79},[73,131984,84],{"class":83},[73,131986,246],{"class":245},[73,131988,249],{"class":83},[73,131990,131991,131993,131995,131997,131999,132001],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,131992,80],{"class":79},[73,131994,84],{"class":83},[73,131996,288],{"class":87},[73,131998,84],{"class":83},[73,132000,967],{"class":245},[73,132002,102],{"class":83},[73,132004,132005,132007,132009,132011,132014,132016,132018,132020,132022,132024,132026,132028,132030],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,132006,80],{"class":79},[73,132008,84],{"class":83},[73,132010,94],{"class":93},[73,132012,132013],{"class":97},"Hello ",[73,132015,4305],{"class":116},[73,132017,94],{"class":93},[73,132019,653],{"class":83},[73,132021,130320],{"class":245},[73,132023,84],{"class":83},[73,132025,94],{"class":93},[73,132027,8186],{"class":97},[73,132029,94],{"class":93},[73,132031,102],{"class":83},[73,132033,132034,132036,132038,132040,132042,132044],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,132035,32659],{"class":79},[73,132037,84],{"class":83},[73,132039,340],{"class":87},[73,132041,653],{"class":83},[73,132043,130320],{"class":25260},[73,132045,249],{"class":83},[20,132047,132048],{},"Use them to check:",[33,132050,132051,132054,132057,132060],{},[36,132052,132053],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[36,132055,132056],{},"what type your value has",[36,132058,132059],{},"whether a small test example works",[36,132061,132062,132063],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,132064,132065],{},"str.format",[59,132067,2350],{"id":2349},[403,132069,130101,132071,2391],{"id":132070},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,132072,126600],{},[20,132074,132075],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[403,132077,132079],{"id":132078},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,132081,132082,132083,132085],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,132084,4305],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[403,132087,132089,132090,3023],{"id":132088},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,132091,126600],{},[20,132093,132094,132095,132098],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,132096,132097],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[403,132100,15412,132102,132104],{"id":132101},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,132103,126600],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,132106,132107,132108,132110],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,132109,126600],{}," is still useful and common.",[59,132112,2413],{"id":2412},[33,132114,132115,132119,132123,132129,132135],{},[36,132116,132117],{},[646,132118,125352],{"href":51213},[36,132120,132121],{},[646,132122,90925],{"href":89934},[36,132124,132125],{},[646,132126,13,132127,2422],{"href":46937},[15,132128,46940],{},[36,132130,132131],{},[646,132132,13,132133,2422],{"href":1323},[15,132134,1326],{},[36,132136,132137],{},[646,132138,90648],{"href":90647},[2459,132140,132141],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":132143},[132144,132145,132147,132148,132149,132150,132151,132152,132154,132163,132164,132173],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":130387,"depth":105,"text":132146},"What the format() method does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":130668,"depth":105,"text":130669},{"id":130930,"depth":105,"text":130931},{"id":131161,"depth":105,"text":131162},{"id":17929,"depth":105,"text":17930},{"id":131464,"depth":105,"text":132153},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102,"children":132155},[132156,132157,132158,132160,132162],{"id":131585,"depth":122,"text":131586},{"id":131702,"depth":122,"text":131703},{"id":131814,"depth":122,"text":132159},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131944,"depth":122,"text":132161},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131953,"depth":122,"text":131954},{"id":68136,"depth":105,"text":68137},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":132165},[132166,132168,132169,132171],{"id":132070,"depth":122,"text":132167},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":132078,"depth":122,"text":132079},{"id":132088,"depth":122,"text":132170},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":132101,"depth":122,"text":132172},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":130247,"description":132174},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":132181,"title":132182,"body":132183,"description":133663,"extension":2511,"meta":133664,"navigation":254,"path":133665,"seo":133666,"stem":133667,"__hash__":133668},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":132184,"toc":133635},[132185,132190,132195,132200,132202,132264,132271,132277,132282,132284,132300,132302,132373,132375,132389,132392,132442,132444,132446,132473,132476,132491,132494,132535,132538,132583,132590,132639,132641,132649,132651,132669,132671,132764,132772,132813,132818,132825,132831,132838,132841,132845,132946,132948,132970,132974,133027,133030,133033,133039,133046,133048,133087,133089,133107,133117,133124,133207,133210,133217,133224,133231,133235,133243,133289,133293,133302,133367,133372,133377,133388,133390,133395,133422,133424,133527,133530,133550,133552,133557,133560,133564,133568,133575,133584,133590,133593,133599,133601,133603,133632],[10,132186,123597,132188,11831],{"id":132187},"python-string-index-method",[15,132189,59208],{},[20,132191,123602,132192,132194],{},[15,132193,59208],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,132196,132197,132198,653],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,132199,781],{},[59,132201,62],{"id":61},[64,132203,132205],{"className":66,"code":132204,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,132206,132207,132219,132241,132251,132255,132259],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,132208,132209,132211,132213,132215,132217],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,132210,217],{"class":216},[73,132212,221],{"class":220},[73,132214,224],{"class":93},[73,132216,60647],{"class":97},[73,132218,230],{"class":93},[73,132220,132221,132223,132225,132227,132229,132231,132233,132235,132237,132239],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,132222,65161],{"class":216},[73,132224,221],{"class":220},[73,132226,43335],{"class":216},[73,132228,653],{"class":83},[73,132230,36352],{"class":245},[73,132232,84],{"class":83},[73,132234,94],{"class":93},[73,132236,60832],{"class":97},[73,132238,94],{"class":93},[73,132240,249],{"class":83},[73,132242,132243,132245,132247,132249],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,132244,80],{"class":79},[73,132246,84],{"class":83},[73,132248,65188],{"class":245},[73,132250,249],{"class":83},[73,132252,132253],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,132254,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,132256,132257],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,132258,91066],{"class":769},[73,132260,132261],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,132262,132263],{"class":769},"# 6\n",[20,132265,171,132266,132268,132269,653],{},[15,132267,59208],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,132270,781],{},[59,132272,178,132274,181],{"id":132273},"what-strindex-does",[15,132275,132276],{},"str.index()",[20,132278,132279,132281],{},[15,132280,132276],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,132283,189],{},[33,132285,132286,132289,132292,132295],{},[36,132287,132288],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[36,132290,132291],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[36,132293,132294],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[36,132296,30800,132297,132299],{},[15,132298,781],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,132301,206],{},[64,132303,132305],{"className":66,"code":132304,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,132306,132307,132319,132323,132348],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,132308,132309,132311,132313,132315,132317],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,132310,217],{"class":216},[73,132312,221],{"class":220},[73,132314,224],{"class":93},[73,132316,4599],{"class":97},[73,132318,230],{"class":93},[73,132320,132321],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,132322,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,132324,132325,132327,132329,132331,132333,132335,132337,132339,132341,132343,132345],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,132326,80],{"class":79},[73,132328,84],{"class":83},[73,132330,246],{"class":245},[73,132332,653],{"class":83},[73,132334,36352],{"class":245},[73,132336,84],{"class":83},[73,132338,94],{"class":93},[73,132340,646],{"class":97},[73,132342,94],{"class":93},[73,132344,5874],{"class":83},[73,132346,132347],{"class":769},"     # 1\n",[73,132349,132350,132352,132354,132356,132358,132360,132362,132364,132366,132368,132370],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,132351,80],{"class":79},[73,132353,84],{"class":83},[73,132355,246],{"class":245},[73,132357,653],{"class":83},[73,132359,36352],{"class":245},[73,132361,84],{"class":83},[73,132363,94],{"class":93},[73,132365,123690],{"class":97},[73,132367,94],{"class":93},[73,132369,5874],{"class":83},[73,132371,132372],{"class":769},"    # 2\n",[20,132374,2718],{},[33,132376,132377,132383],{},[36,132378,132379,128810,132381],{},[15,132380,18608],{},[15,132382,2397],{},[36,132384,132385,128810,132387],{},[15,132386,128809],{},[15,132388,530],{},[20,132390,132391],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[64,132393,132395],{"className":66,"code":132394,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,132396,132397,132409,132413,132437],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,132398,132399,132401,132403,132405,132407],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,132400,217],{"class":216},[73,132402,221],{"class":220},[73,132404,224],{"class":93},[73,132406,35373],{"class":97},[73,132408,230],{"class":93},[73,132410,132411],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,132412,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,132414,132415,132417,132419,132421,132423,132425,132427,132429,132431,132433,132435],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,132416,80],{"class":79},[73,132418,84],{"class":83},[73,132420,246],{"class":245},[73,132422,653],{"class":83},[73,132424,36352],{"class":245},[73,132426,84],{"class":83},[73,132428,94],{"class":93},[73,132430,51429],{"class":97},[73,132432,94],{"class":93},[73,132434,5874],{"class":83},[73,132436,21280],{"class":769},[73,132438,132439],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,132440,132441],{"class":769},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[59,132443,370],{"id":369},[20,132445,2700],{},[64,132447,132449],{"className":66,"code":132448,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,132450,132451],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,132452,132453,132455,132457,132459,132461,132463,132465,132467,132469,132471],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,132454,61415],{"class":216},[73,132456,653],{"class":83},[73,132458,36352],{"class":245},[73,132460,84],{"class":83},[73,132462,967],{"class":245},[73,132464,140],{"class":83},[73,132466,36558],{"class":245},[73,132468,140],{"class":83},[73,132470,65282],{"class":245},[73,132472,249],{"class":83},[20,132474,132475],{},"Parameters:",[33,132477,132478,132482,132486],{},[36,132479,132480,123789],{},[15,132481,967],{},[36,132483,132484,128856],{},[15,132485,36579],{},[36,132487,132488,132490],{},[15,132489,52899],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132492,132493],{},"You can use just the value:",[64,132495,132497],{"className":66,"code":132496,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132498,132499,132511],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,132500,132501,132503,132505,132507,132509],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,132502,217],{"class":216},[73,132504,221],{"class":220},[73,132506,224],{"class":93},[73,132508,68],{"class":97},[73,132510,230],{"class":93},[73,132512,132513,132515,132517,132519,132521,132523,132525,132527,132529,132531,132533],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,132514,80],{"class":79},[73,132516,84],{"class":83},[73,132518,246],{"class":245},[73,132520,653],{"class":83},[73,132522,36352],{"class":245},[73,132524,84],{"class":83},[73,132526,94],{"class":93},[73,132528,63528],{"class":97},[73,132530,94],{"class":93},[73,132532,5874],{"class":83},[73,132534,51653],{"class":769},[20,132536,132537],{},"Or include a start position:",[64,132539,132541],{"className":66,"code":132540,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132542,132543,132555],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,132544,132545,132547,132549,132551,132553],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,132546,217],{"class":216},[73,132548,221],{"class":220},[73,132550,224],{"class":93},[73,132552,4599],{"class":97},[73,132554,230],{"class":93},[73,132556,132557,132559,132561,132563,132565,132567,132569,132571,132573,132575,132577,132579,132581],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,132558,80],{"class":79},[73,132560,84],{"class":83},[73,132562,246],{"class":245},[73,132564,653],{"class":83},[73,132566,36352],{"class":245},[73,132568,84],{"class":83},[73,132570,94],{"class":93},[73,132572,646],{"class":97},[73,132574,94],{"class":93},[73,132576,140],{"class":83},[73,132578,143],{"class":116},[73,132580,5874],{"class":83},[73,132582,51008],{"class":769},[20,132584,132585,132586,1647,132588,1063],{},"Or include both ",[15,132587,36579],{},[15,132589,52899],{},[64,132591,132593],{"className":66,"code":132592,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132594,132595,132607],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,132596,132597,132599,132601,132603,132605],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,132598,217],{"class":216},[73,132600,221],{"class":220},[73,132602,224],{"class":93},[73,132604,4599],{"class":97},[73,132606,230],{"class":93},[73,132608,132609,132611,132613,132615,132617,132619,132621,132623,132625,132627,132629,132631,132633,132635,132637],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,132610,80],{"class":79},[73,132612,84],{"class":83},[73,132614,246],{"class":245},[73,132616,653],{"class":83},[73,132618,36352],{"class":245},[73,132620,84],{"class":83},[73,132622,94],{"class":93},[73,132624,646],{"class":97},[73,132626,94],{"class":93},[73,132628,140],{"class":83},[73,132630,143],{"class":116},[73,132632,140],{"class":83},[73,132634,5118],{"class":116},[73,132636,5874],{"class":83},[73,132638,51008],{"class":769},[59,132640,38527],{"id":38526},[20,132642,29218,132643,132645,132646,653],{},[15,132644,59208],{}," is a ",[1194,132647,132648],{},"zero-based index",[20,132650,2649],{},[33,132652,132653,132659,132664],{},[36,132654,132655,132656,132658],{},"Index ",[15,132657,806],{}," is the first character",[36,132660,132655,132661,132663],{},[15,132662,2397],{}," is the second character",[36,132665,132655,132666,132668],{},[15,132667,530],{}," is the third character",[20,132670,206],{},[64,132672,132674],{"className":66,"code":132673,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132675,132676,132688,132692,132716,132740],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,132677,132678,132680,132682,132684,132686],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,132679,217],{"class":216},[73,132681,221],{"class":220},[73,132683,224],{"class":93},[73,132685,37554],{"class":97},[73,132687,230],{"class":93},[73,132689,132690],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,132691,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,132693,132694,132696,132698,132700,132702,132704,132706,132708,132710,132712,132714],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,132695,80],{"class":79},[73,132697,84],{"class":83},[73,132699,246],{"class":245},[73,132701,653],{"class":83},[73,132703,36352],{"class":245},[73,132705,84],{"class":83},[73,132707,94],{"class":93},[73,132709,10245],{"class":97},[73,132711,94],{"class":93},[73,132713,5874],{"class":83},[73,132715,51485],{"class":769},[73,132717,132718,132720,132722,132724,132726,132728,132730,132732,132734,132736,132738],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,132719,80],{"class":79},[73,132721,84],{"class":83},[73,132723,246],{"class":245},[73,132725,653],{"class":83},[73,132727,36352],{"class":245},[73,132729,84],{"class":83},[73,132731,94],{"class":93},[73,132733,646],{"class":97},[73,132735,94],{"class":93},[73,132737,5874],{"class":83},[73,132739,28290],{"class":769},[73,132741,132742,132744,132746,132748,132750,132752,132754,132756,132758,132760,132762],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,132743,80],{"class":79},[73,132745,84],{"class":83},[73,132747,246],{"class":245},[73,132749,653],{"class":83},[73,132751,36352],{"class":245},[73,132753,84],{"class":83},[73,132755,94],{"class":93},[73,132757,63528],{"class":97},[73,132759,94],{"class":93},[73,132761,5874],{"class":83},[73,132763,51653],{"class":769},[20,132765,132766,132768,132769,132771],{},[15,132767,59208],{}," returns only the ",[1194,132770,30415],{}," matching position.",[64,132773,132775],{"className":66,"code":132774,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132776,132777,132789],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,132778,132779,132781,132783,132785,132787],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,132780,217],{"class":216},[73,132782,221],{"class":220},[73,132784,224],{"class":93},[73,132786,4599],{"class":97},[73,132788,230],{"class":93},[73,132790,132791,132793,132795,132797,132799,132801,132803,132805,132807,132809,132811],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,132792,80],{"class":79},[73,132794,84],{"class":83},[73,132796,246],{"class":245},[73,132798,653],{"class":83},[73,132800,36352],{"class":245},[73,132802,84],{"class":83},[73,132804,94],{"class":93},[73,132806,646],{"class":97},[73,132808,94],{"class":93},[73,132810,5874],{"class":83},[73,132812,28290],{"class":769},[20,132814,21490,132815,132817],{},[15,132816,18608],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132819,132820,132821,653],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[646,132822,132823,11248],{"href":125047},[15,132824,58830],{},[59,132826,657,132827,1647,132829],{"id":65648},[15,132828,36579],{},[15,132830,52899],{},[20,132832,1580,132833,1647,132835,132837],{},[15,132834,36579],{},[15,132836,52899],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132839,132840],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132842,46529,132843,1063],{},[15,132844,36579],{},[64,132846,132848],{"className":66,"code":132847,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132849,132850,132862,132866,132890,132918],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,132851,132852,132854,132856,132858,132860],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,132853,217],{"class":216},[73,132855,221],{"class":220},[73,132857,224],{"class":93},[73,132859,4599],{"class":97},[73,132861,230],{"class":93},[73,132863,132864],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,132865,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,132867,132868,132870,132872,132874,132876,132878,132880,132882,132884,132886,132888],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,132869,80],{"class":79},[73,132871,84],{"class":83},[73,132873,246],{"class":245},[73,132875,653],{"class":83},[73,132877,36352],{"class":245},[73,132879,84],{"class":83},[73,132881,94],{"class":93},[73,132883,646],{"class":97},[73,132885,94],{"class":93},[73,132887,5874],{"class":83},[73,132889,51358],{"class":769},[73,132891,132892,132894,132896,132898,132900,132902,132904,132906,132908,132910,132912,132914,132916],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,132893,80],{"class":79},[73,132895,84],{"class":83},[73,132897,246],{"class":245},[73,132899,653],{"class":83},[73,132901,36352],{"class":245},[73,132903,84],{"class":83},[73,132905,94],{"class":93},[73,132907,646],{"class":97},[73,132909,94],{"class":93},[73,132911,140],{"class":83},[73,132913,143],{"class":116},[73,132915,5874],{"class":83},[73,132917,51207],{"class":769},[73,132919,132920,132922,132924,132926,132928,132930,132932,132934,132936,132938,132940,132942,132944],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,132921,80],{"class":79},[73,132923,84],{"class":83},[73,132925,246],{"class":245},[73,132927,653],{"class":83},[73,132929,36352],{"class":245},[73,132931,84],{"class":83},[73,132933,94],{"class":93},[73,132935,646],{"class":97},[73,132937,94],{"class":93},[73,132939,140],{"class":83},[73,132941,2988],{"class":116},[73,132943,5874],{"class":83},[73,132945,50991],{"class":769},[20,132947,20469],{},[33,132949,132950,132957,132963],{},[36,132951,132952,132953,65838,132955],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132954,18608],{},[15,132956,2397],{},[36,132958,132959,132960,132962],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132961,530],{}," skips that first match",[36,132964,132959,132965,132967,132968],{},[15,132966,3036],{}," finds the last ",[15,132969,18608],{},[20,132971,46529,132972,1063],{},[15,132973,52899],{},[64,132975,132977],{"className":66,"code":132976,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132978,132979,132991,132995],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,132980,132981,132983,132985,132987,132989],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,132982,217],{"class":216},[73,132984,221],{"class":220},[73,132986,224],{"class":93},[73,132988,4599],{"class":97},[73,132990,230],{"class":93},[73,132992,132993],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,132994,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,132996,132997,132999,133001,133003,133005,133007,133009,133011,133013,133015,133017,133019,133021,133023,133025],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,132998,80],{"class":79},[73,133000,84],{"class":83},[73,133002,246],{"class":245},[73,133004,653],{"class":83},[73,133006,36352],{"class":245},[73,133008,84],{"class":83},[73,133010,94],{"class":93},[73,133012,76272],{"class":97},[73,133014,94],{"class":93},[73,133016,140],{"class":83},[73,133018,4345],{"class":116},[73,133020,140],{"class":83},[73,133022,2988],{"class":116},[73,133024,5874],{"class":83},[73,133026,51653],{"class":769},[20,133028,133029],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,133031,133032],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[59,133034,44705,133036,133038],{"id":133035},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,133037,59208],{}," causes an error",[20,133040,133041,133042,52733,133044,653],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,133043,59208],{},[15,133045,781],{},[20,133047,206],{},[64,133049,133051],{"className":66,"code":133050,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,133052,133053,133065],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,133054,133055,133057,133059,133061,133063],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,133056,217],{"class":216},[73,133058,221],{"class":220},[73,133060,224],{"class":93},[73,133062,4357],{"class":97},[73,133064,230],{"class":93},[73,133066,133067,133069,133071,133073,133075,133077,133079,133081,133083,133085],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,133068,80],{"class":79},[73,133070,84],{"class":83},[73,133072,246],{"class":245},[73,133074,653],{"class":83},[73,133076,36352],{"class":245},[73,133078,84],{"class":83},[73,133080,94],{"class":93},[73,133082,22588],{"class":97},[73,133084,94],{"class":93},[73,133086,102],{"class":83},[20,133088,148],{},[64,133090,133092],{"className":66,"code":133091,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,133093,133094],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,133095,133096,133098,133100,133103,133105],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,133097,781],{"class":87},[73,133099,1063],{"class":83},[73,133101,133102],{"class":216}," substring ",[73,133104,1196],{"class":220},[73,133106,66071],{"class":216},[20,133108,53580,133109,126563,133114,133116],{},[646,133110,133111],{"href":130241},[15,133112,133113],{},"str.find()",[15,133115,66096],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,133118,133119,133120,1647,133122,1063],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,133121,1669],{},[15,133123,1695],{},[64,133125,133127],{"className":66,"code":133126,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,133128,133129,133141,133145,133151,133174,133184,133192],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,133130,133131,133133,133135,133137,133139],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,133132,217],{"class":216},[73,133134,221],{"class":220},[73,133136,224],{"class":93},[73,133138,4357],{"class":97},[73,133140,230],{"class":93},[73,133142,133143],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,133144,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,133146,133147,133149],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,133148,1669],{"class":933},[73,133150,946],{"class":83},[73,133152,133153,133156,133158,133160,133162,133164,133166,133168,133170,133172],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,133154,133155],{"class":216},"    position ",[73,133157,221],{"class":220},[73,133159,43335],{"class":216},[73,133161,653],{"class":83},[73,133163,36352],{"class":245},[73,133165,84],{"class":83},[73,133167,94],{"class":93},[73,133169,22588],{"class":97},[73,133171,94],{"class":93},[73,133173,249],{"class":83},[73,133175,133176,133178,133180,133182],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,133177,1676],{"class":79},[73,133179,84],{"class":83},[73,133181,65188],{"class":245},[73,133183,249],{"class":83},[73,133185,133186,133188,133190],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,133187,1695],{"class":933},[73,133189,977],{"class":87},[73,133191,946],{"class":83},[73,133193,133194,133196,133198,133200,133203,133205],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,133195,1676],{"class":79},[73,133197,84],{"class":83},[73,133199,94],{"class":93},[73,133201,133202],{"class":97},"Substring not found",[73,133204,94],{"class":93},[73,133206,249],{"class":83},[20,133208,133209],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,133211,42445,133212,653],{},[646,133213,1805,133215],{"href":133214},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,133216,129568],{},[59,133218,133220,11092,133222],{"id":133219},"index-vs-find",[15,133221,59208],{},[15,133223,124592],{},[20,133225,133226,1647,133228,133230],{},[15,133227,59208],{},[15,133229,124592],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[403,133232,133233],{"id":36352},[15,133234,59208],{},[33,133236,133237,133240],{},[36,133238,133239],{},"Returns the first match position",[36,133241,133242],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[64,133244,133246],{"className":66,"code":133245,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,133247,133248,133260,133284],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,133249,133250,133252,133254,133256,133258],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,133251,217],{"class":216},[73,133253,221],{"class":220},[73,133255,224],{"class":93},[73,133257,4357],{"class":97},[73,133259,230],{"class":93},[73,133261,133262,133264,133266,133268,133270,133272,133274,133276,133278,133280,133282],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,133263,80],{"class":79},[73,133265,84],{"class":83},[73,133267,246],{"class":245},[73,133269,653],{"class":83},[73,133271,36352],{"class":245},[73,133273,84],{"class":83},[73,133275,94],{"class":93},[73,133277,60688],{"class":97},[73,133279,94],{"class":93},[73,133281,5874],{"class":83},[73,133283,28290],{"class":769},[73,133285,133286],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,133287,133288],{"class":769},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[403,133290,133291],{"id":128622},[15,133292,124592],{},[33,133294,133295,133297],{},[36,133296,133239],{},[36,133298,11933,133299,133301],{},[15,133300,66096],{}," if nothing is found",[64,133303,133305],{"className":66,"code":133304,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,133306,133307,133319,133343],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,133308,133309,133311,133313,133315,133317],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,133310,217],{"class":216},[73,133312,221],{"class":220},[73,133314,224],{"class":93},[73,133316,4357],{"class":97},[73,133318,230],{"class":93},[73,133320,133321,133323,133325,133327,133329,133331,133333,133335,133337,133339,133341],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,133322,80],{"class":79},[73,133324,84],{"class":83},[73,133326,246],{"class":245},[73,133328,653],{"class":83},[73,133330,128622],{"class":245},[73,133332,84],{"class":83},[73,133334,94],{"class":93},[73,133336,60688],{"class":97},[73,133338,94],{"class":93},[73,133340,5874],{"class":83},[73,133342,28290],{"class":769},[73,133344,133345,133347,133349,133351,133353,133355,133357,133359,133361,133363,133365],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,133346,80],{"class":79},[73,133348,84],{"class":83},[73,133350,246],{"class":245},[73,133352,653],{"class":83},[73,133354,128622],{"class":245},[73,133356,84],{"class":83},[73,133358,94],{"class":93},[73,133360,22588],{"class":97},[73,133362,94],{"class":93},[73,133364,5874],{"class":83},[73,133366,128978],{"class":769},[20,133368,171,133369,133371],{},[15,133370,59208],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,133373,171,133374,133376],{},[15,133375,124592],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,133378,133379,133380,3408,133385,653],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[646,133381,133382,133384],{"href":130241},[15,133383,133113],{}," method reference",[646,133386,127633],{"href":133387},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[59,133389,2102],{"id":2101},[20,133391,133392,133393,1063],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,133394,59208],{},[33,133396,133397,133400,133407,133412,133417],{},[36,133398,133399],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[36,133401,2300,133402,8964,133404,133406],{},[15,133403,59208],{},[15,133405,66096],{}," when no match exists",[36,133408,657,133409,133411],{},[15,133410,59208],{}," on a value that may not be present",[36,133413,133414,133415],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,133416,2397],{},[36,133418,5092,133419,133421],{},[15,133420,59208],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,133423,62536],{},[64,133425,133427],{"className":66,"code":133426,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,133428,133429,133439,133453,133475,133497],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,133430,133431,133433,133435,133437],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,133432,80],{"class":79},[73,133434,84],{"class":83},[73,133436,246],{"class":245},[73,133438,249],{"class":83},[73,133440,133441,133443,133445,133447,133449,133451],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,133442,80],{"class":79},[73,133444,84],{"class":83},[73,133446,42279],{"class":79},[73,133448,84],{"class":83},[73,133450,246],{"class":245},[73,133452,102],{"class":83},[73,133454,133455,133457,133459,133461,133463,133465,133467,133469,133471,133473],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,133456,80],{"class":79},[73,133458,84],{"class":83},[73,133460,246],{"class":245},[73,133462,653],{"class":83},[73,133464,36352],{"class":245},[73,133466,84],{"class":83},[73,133468,94],{"class":93},[73,133470,967],{"class":97},[73,133472,94],{"class":93},[73,133474,102],{"class":83},[73,133476,133477,133479,133481,133483,133485,133487,133489,133491,133493,133495],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,133478,80],{"class":79},[73,133480,84],{"class":83},[73,133482,246],{"class":245},[73,133484,653],{"class":83},[73,133486,128622],{"class":245},[73,133488,84],{"class":83},[73,133490,94],{"class":93},[73,133492,967],{"class":97},[73,133494,94],{"class":93},[73,133496,102],{"class":83},[73,133498,133499,133501,133503,133505,133507,133509,133511,133513,133515,133517,133519,133521,133523,133525],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,133500,80],{"class":79},[73,133502,84],{"class":83},[73,133504,246],{"class":245},[73,133506,653],{"class":83},[73,133508,36352],{"class":245},[73,133510,84],{"class":83},[73,133512,94],{"class":93},[73,133514,967],{"class":97},[73,133516,94],{"class":93},[73,133518,140],{"class":83},[73,133520,36558],{"class":245},[73,133522,140],{"class":83},[73,133524,65282],{"class":245},[73,133526,102],{"class":83},[20,133528,133529],{},"Tips:",[33,133531,133532,133537,133542,133545],{},[36,133533,171,133534,133536],{},[15,133535,126519],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[36,133538,171,133539,133541],{},[15,133540,124592],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[36,133543,133544],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[36,133546,133547,133548],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133549,806],{},[59,133551,2350],{"id":2349},[403,133553,130101,133555,2391],{"id":133554},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133556,59208],{},[20,133558,133559],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[403,133561,133563],{"id":133562},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133565,77100,133566,653],{},[15,133567,781],{},[403,133569,5691,133571,1647,133573,3023],{"id":133570},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133572,59208],{},[15,133574,124592],{},[20,133576,133577,133579,133580,2928,133582,7140],{},[15,133578,59208],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133581,124592],{},[15,133583,66096],{},[403,133585,5681,133587,133589],{"id":133586},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133588,59208],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133591,133592],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[403,133594,133596,133597,124933],{"id":133595},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133598,59208],{},[20,133600,130126],{},[59,133602,2413],{"id":2412},[33,133604,133605,133611,133615,133620,133626],{},[36,133606,133607],{},[646,133608,133609,11248],{"href":130241},[15,133610,133113],{},[36,133612,133613],{},[646,133614,124996],{"href":133387},[36,133616,133617],{},[646,133618,130202],{"href":133619},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[36,133621,133622],{},[646,133623,133624,11248],{"href":125047},[15,133625,58830],{},[36,133627,133628],{},[646,133629,2455,133630],{"href":133214},[15,133631,129568],{},[2459,133633,133634],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":133636},[133637,133638,133640,133641,133642,133643,133645,133650,133651,133662],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":132273,"depth":105,"text":133639},"What str.index() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":38526,"depth":105,"text":38527},{"id":65648,"depth":105,"text":66431},{"id":133035,"depth":105,"text":133644},"When index() causes an error",{"id":133219,"depth":105,"text":133646,"children":133647},"index() vs find()",[133648,133649],{"id":36352,"depth":122,"text":59208},{"id":128622,"depth":122,"text":124592},{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":133652},[133653,133655,133656,133658,133660],{"id":133554,"depth":122,"text":133654},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133562,"depth":122,"text":133563},{"id":133570,"depth":122,"text":133657},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133586,"depth":122,"text":133659},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133595,"depth":122,"text":133661},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":132182,"description":133663},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133670,"title":133671,"body":133672,"description":136447,"extension":2511,"meta":136448,"navigation":254,"path":136449,"seo":136450,"stem":136451,"__hash__":136452},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133673,"toc":136383},[133674,133680,133685,133688,133691,133702,133704,133773,133775,133789,133794,133799,133804,133806,133849,133851,133934,133936,133982,133988,133990,133992,134012,134014,134037,134039,134113,134115,134134,134139,134141,134145,134217,134219,134233,134237,134313,134315,134334,134338,134432,134434,134443,134450,134526,134528,134546,134550,134553,134560,134609,134611,134620,134627,134686,134688,134706,134709,134716,134775,134777,134795,134802,134859,134861,134870,134874,134879,134883,134942,134944,134962,134966,135013,135018,135021,135090,135092,135109,135116,135122,135177,135182,135185,135262,135264,135282,135288,135294,135354,135356,135375,135381,135384,135391,135444,135449,135451,135512,135521,135528,135530,135587,135592,135594,135665,135669,135724,135726,135735,135740,135746,135815,135817,135849,135855,135863,135870,135876,135941,135943,135952,135958,136039,136041,136050,136055,136069,136076,136080,136085,136113,136115,136248,136251,136288,136290,136296,136305,136310,136313,136318,136323,136329,136332,136341,136344,136346,136375,136380],[10,133675,123597,133677,11831],{"id":133676},"python-string-join-method",[15,133678,133679],{},"join()",[20,133681,123602,133682,133684],{},[15,133683,133679],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133686,133687],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133689,133690],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[33,133692,133693,133699],{},[36,133694,133695,133696,133698],{},"You call ",[15,133697,133679],{}," on the separator string",[36,133700,133701],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[59,133703,4124],{"id":4123},[64,133705,133707],{"className":66,"code":133706,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133708,133709,133742,133763],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,133710,133711,133713,133715,133717,133719,133721,133723,133725,133727,133729,133731,133733,133735,133738,133740],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,133712,4581],{"class":216},[73,133714,221],{"class":220},[73,133716,891],{"class":83},[73,133718,94],{"class":93},[73,133720,7807],{"class":97},[73,133722,94],{"class":93},[73,133724,140],{"class":83},[73,133726,224],{"class":93},[73,133728,12705],{"class":97},[73,133730,94],{"class":93},[73,133732,140],{"class":83},[73,133734,224],{"class":93},[73,133736,133737],{"class":97},"fun",[73,133739,94],{"class":93},[73,133741,924],{"class":83},[73,133743,133744,133746,133748,133750,133752,133754,133757,133759,133761],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,133745,2766],{"class":216},[73,133747,221],{"class":220},[73,133749,224],{"class":93},[73,133751,224],{"class":93},[73,133753,653],{"class":83},[73,133755,133756],{"class":245},"join",[73,133758,84],{"class":83},[73,133760,4625],{"class":245},[73,133762,249],{"class":83},[73,133764,133765,133767,133769,133771],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,133766,80],{"class":79},[73,133768,84],{"class":83},[73,133770,2800],{"class":245},[73,133772,249],{"class":83},[20,133774,148],{},[64,133776,133778],{"className":66,"code":133777,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Python is fun\n",[15,133779,133780],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,133781,133782,133784,133786],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,133783,13],{"class":216},[73,133785,12705],{"class":220},[73,133787,133788],{"class":216}," fun\n",[20,133790,171,133791,133793],{},[15,133792,133679],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[59,133795,178,133797,181],{"id":133796},"what-join-does",[15,133798,133679],{},[20,133800,133801,133803],{},[15,133802,133679],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133805,11968],{},[33,133807,133808,133815,133843,133846],{},[36,133809,133810,133811,133814],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133812,133813],{},".join()"," as the separator",[36,133816,133817,133818],{},"Common separators are:\n",[33,133819,133820,133826,133832,133838],{},[36,133821,133822,133825],{},[15,133823,133824],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[36,133827,133828,133831],{},[15,133829,133830],{},"\", \""," for commas",[36,133833,133834,133837],{},[15,133835,133836],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[36,133839,133840,133842],{},[15,133841,6783],{}," for no separator",[36,133844,133845],{},"It returns a new string",[36,133847,133848],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133850,206],{},[64,133852,133854],{"className":66,"code":133853,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133855,133856,133888,133910,133914,133924],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,133857,133858,133860,133862,133864,133866,133868,133870,133872,133874,133876,133878,133880,133882,133884,133886],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,133859,4581],{"class":216},[73,133861,221],{"class":220},[73,133863,891],{"class":83},[73,133865,94],{"class":93},[73,133867,13603],{"class":97},[73,133869,94],{"class":93},[73,133871,140],{"class":83},[73,133873,224],{"class":93},[73,133875,17967],{"class":97},[73,133877,94],{"class":93},[73,133879,140],{"class":83},[73,133881,224],{"class":93},[73,133883,13620],{"class":97},[73,133885,94],{"class":93},[73,133887,924],{"class":83},[73,133889,133890,133892,133894,133896,133898,133900,133902,133904,133906,133908],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,133891,2766],{"class":216},[73,133893,221],{"class":220},[73,133895,224],{"class":93},[73,133897,2728],{"class":97},[73,133899,94],{"class":93},[73,133901,653],{"class":83},[73,133903,133756],{"class":245},[73,133905,84],{"class":83},[73,133907,4625],{"class":245},[73,133909,249],{"class":83},[73,133911,133912],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,133913,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,133915,133916,133918,133920,133922],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,133917,80],{"class":79},[73,133919,84],{"class":83},[73,133921,2800],{"class":245},[73,133923,249],{"class":83},[73,133925,133926,133928,133930,133932],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,133927,80],{"class":79},[73,133929,84],{"class":83},[73,133931,4625],{"class":245},[73,133933,249],{"class":83},[20,133935,148],{},[64,133937,133939],{"className":66,"code":133938,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133940,133941,133954],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,133942,133943,133945,133947,133950,133952],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,133944,13603],{"class":216},[73,133946,140],{"class":83},[73,133948,133949],{"class":216}," green",[73,133951,140],{"class":83},[73,133953,36387],{"class":216},[73,133955,133956,133958,133960,133962,133964,133966,133968,133970,133972,133974,133976,133978,133980],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,133957,4410],{"class":83},[73,133959,343],{"class":93},[73,133961,13603],{"class":97},[73,133963,343],{"class":93},[73,133965,140],{"class":83},[73,133967,337],{"class":93},[73,133969,17967],{"class":97},[73,133971,343],{"class":93},[73,133973,140],{"class":83},[73,133975,337],{"class":93},[73,133977,13620],{"class":97},[73,133979,343],{"class":93},[73,133981,924],{"class":83},[20,133983,133984,133985,133987],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133986,133679],{}," creates a new string.",[59,133989,370],{"id":369},[20,133991,7728],{},[64,133993,133995],{"className":66,"code":133994,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133996,133997],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,133998,133999,134002,134004,134006,134008,134010],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134000,134001],{"class":216},"separator",[73,134003,653],{"class":83},[73,134005,133756],{"class":245},[73,134007,84],{"class":83},[73,134009,4235],{"class":245},[73,134011,249],{"class":83},[403,134013,49247],{"id":49246},[33,134015,134016,134029,134034],{},[36,134017,134018,134020,134021,2728,134023,2728,134025,2731,134027],{},[15,134019,134001],{}," is a string such as ",[15,134022,133824],{},[15,134024,133830],{},[15,134026,133836],{},[15,134028,6783],{},[36,134030,134031,134033],{},[15,134032,4235],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[36,134035,134036],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,134038,206],{},[64,134040,134042],{"className":66,"code":134041,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134043,134044,134076,134099,134103],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134045,134046,134048,134050,134052,134054,134056,134058,134060,134062,134064,134066,134068,134070,134072,134074],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134047,5508],{"class":216},[73,134049,221],{"class":220},[73,134051,891],{"class":83},[73,134053,94],{"class":93},[73,134055,13391],{"class":97},[73,134057,94],{"class":93},[73,134059,140],{"class":83},[73,134061,224],{"class":93},[73,134063,36447],{"class":97},[73,134065,94],{"class":93},[73,134067,140],{"class":83},[73,134069,224],{"class":93},[73,134071,36456],{"class":97},[73,134073,94],{"class":93},[73,134075,924],{"class":83},[73,134077,134078,134080,134082,134084,134087,134089,134091,134093,134095,134097],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,134079,2766],{"class":216},[73,134081,221],{"class":220},[73,134083,224],{"class":93},[73,134085,134086],{"class":97}," | ",[73,134088,94],{"class":93},[73,134090,653],{"class":83},[73,134092,133756],{"class":245},[73,134094,84],{"class":83},[73,134096,5552],{"class":245},[73,134098,249],{"class":83},[73,134100,134101],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,134102,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,134104,134105,134107,134109,134111],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,134106,80],{"class":79},[73,134108,84],{"class":83},[73,134110,2800],{"class":245},[73,134112,249],{"class":83},[20,134114,148],{},[64,134116,134118],{"className":66,"code":134117,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,134119,134120],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134121,134122,134125,134127,134130,134132],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134123,134124],{"class":216},"Ana ",[73,134126,114104],{"class":220},[73,134128,134129],{"class":216}," Ben ",[73,134131,114104],{"class":220},[73,134133,36528],{"class":216},[20,134135,134136,134137,653],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[646,134138,125352],{"href":51213},[59,134140,122128],{"id":122127},[403,134142,134144],{"id":134143},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[64,134146,134148],{"className":66,"code":134147,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134149,134150,134183,134203,134207],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134151,134152,134154,134156,134158,134160,134162,134164,134166,134168,134170,134172,134174,134176,134179,134181],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134153,4581],{"class":216},[73,134155,221],{"class":220},[73,134157,891],{"class":83},[73,134159,94],{"class":93},[73,134161,7807],{"class":97},[73,134163,94],{"class":93},[73,134165,140],{"class":83},[73,134167,224],{"class":93},[73,134169,12705],{"class":97},[73,134171,94],{"class":93},[73,134173,140],{"class":83},[73,134175,224],{"class":93},[73,134177,134178],{"class":97},"easy",[73,134180,94],{"class":93},[73,134182,924],{"class":83},[73,134184,134185,134187,134189,134191,134193,134195,134197,134199,134201],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,134186,2766],{"class":216},[73,134188,221],{"class":220},[73,134190,224],{"class":93},[73,134192,224],{"class":93},[73,134194,653],{"class":83},[73,134196,133756],{"class":245},[73,134198,84],{"class":83},[73,134200,4625],{"class":245},[73,134202,249],{"class":83},[73,134204,134205],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,134206,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,134208,134209,134211,134213,134215],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,134210,80],{"class":79},[73,134212,84],{"class":83},[73,134214,2800],{"class":245},[73,134216,249],{"class":83},[20,134218,148],{},[64,134220,134222],{"className":66,"code":134221,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Python is easy\n",[15,134223,134224],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134225,134226,134228,134230],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134227,13],{"class":216},[73,134229,12705],{"class":220},[73,134231,134232],{"class":216}," easy\n",[403,134234,134236],{"id":134235},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[64,134238,134240],{"className":66,"code":134239,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134241,134242,134277,134299,134303],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134243,134244,134246,134248,134250,134252,134255,134257,134259,134261,134264,134266,134268,134270,134273,134275],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134245,8289],{"class":216},[73,134247,221],{"class":220},[73,134249,891],{"class":83},[73,134251,94],{"class":93},[73,134253,134254],{"class":97},"apples",[73,134256,94],{"class":93},[73,134258,140],{"class":83},[73,134260,224],{"class":93},[73,134262,134263],{"class":97},"bananas",[73,134265,94],{"class":93},[73,134267,140],{"class":83},[73,134269,224],{"class":93},[73,134271,134272],{"class":97},"oranges",[73,134274,94],{"class":93},[73,134276,924],{"class":83},[73,134278,134279,134281,134283,134285,134287,134289,134291,134293,134295,134297],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,134280,2766],{"class":216},[73,134282,221],{"class":220},[73,134284,224],{"class":93},[73,134286,2728],{"class":97},[73,134288,94],{"class":93},[73,134290,653],{"class":83},[73,134292,133756],{"class":245},[73,134294,84],{"class":83},[73,134296,8320],{"class":245},[73,134298,249],{"class":83},[73,134300,134301],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,134302,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,134304,134305,134307,134309,134311],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,134306,80],{"class":79},[73,134308,84],{"class":83},[73,134310,2800],{"class":245},[73,134312,249],{"class":83},[20,134314,148],{},[64,134316,134318],{"className":66,"code":134317,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,134319,134320],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134321,134322,134324,134326,134329,134331],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134323,134254],{"class":216},[73,134325,140],{"class":83},[73,134327,134328],{"class":216}," bananas",[73,134330,140],{"class":83},[73,134332,134333],{"class":216}," oranges\n",[403,134335,134337],{"id":134336},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[64,134339,134341],{"className":66,"code":134340,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134342,134343,134400,134418,134422],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134344,134345,134347,134349,134351,134353,134356,134358,134360,134362,134364,134366,134368,134370,134372,134374,134376,134378,134380,134382,134384,134386,134388,134390,134392,134394,134396,134398],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134346,36597],{"class":216},[73,134348,221],{"class":220},[73,134350,891],{"class":83},[73,134352,94],{"class":93},[73,134354,134355],{"class":97},"P",[73,134357,94],{"class":93},[73,134359,140],{"class":83},[73,134361,224],{"class":93},[73,134363,12256],{"class":97},[73,134365,94],{"class":93},[73,134367,140],{"class":83},[73,134369,224],{"class":93},[73,134371,63528],{"class":97},[73,134373,94],{"class":93},[73,134375,140],{"class":83},[73,134377,224],{"class":93},[73,134379,60679],{"class":97},[73,134381,94],{"class":93},[73,134383,140],{"class":83},[73,134385,224],{"class":93},[73,134387,60714],{"class":97},[73,134389,94],{"class":93},[73,134391,140],{"class":83},[73,134393,224],{"class":93},[73,134395,76272],{"class":97},[73,134397,94],{"class":93},[73,134399,924],{"class":83},[73,134401,134402,134404,134406,134408,134410,134412,134414,134416],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,134403,2766],{"class":216},[73,134405,221],{"class":220},[73,134407,912],{"class":93},[73,134409,653],{"class":83},[73,134411,133756],{"class":245},[73,134413,84],{"class":83},[73,134415,36650],{"class":245},[73,134417,249],{"class":83},[73,134419,134420],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,134421,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,134423,134424,134426,134428,134430],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,134425,80],{"class":79},[73,134427,84],{"class":83},[73,134429,2800],{"class":245},[73,134431,249],{"class":83},[20,134433,148],{},[64,134435,134437],{"className":66,"code":134436,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Python\n",[15,134438,134439],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134440,134441],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134442,134436],{"class":216},[403,134444,134446,134447,134449],{"id":134445},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,134448,133679],{}," returns the result",[64,134451,134453],{"className":66,"code":134452,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,134454,134455,134488,134511,134515],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134456,134457,134459,134461,134463,134465,134467,134469,134471,134473,134475,134477,134479,134481,134484,134486],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134458,4581],{"class":216},[73,134460,221],{"class":220},[73,134462,891],{"class":83},[73,134464,94],{"class":93},[73,134466,7094],{"class":97},[73,134468,94],{"class":93},[73,134470,140],{"class":83},[73,134472,224],{"class":93},[73,134474,79513],{"class":97},[73,134476,94],{"class":93},[73,134478,140],{"class":83},[73,134480,224],{"class":93},[73,134482,134483],{"class":97},"three",[73,134485,94],{"class":93},[73,134487,924],{"class":83},[73,134489,134490,134493,134495,134497,134499,134501,134503,134505,134507,134509],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,134491,134492],{"class":216},"joined_text ",[73,134494,221],{"class":220},[73,134496,224],{"class":93},[73,134498,746],{"class":97},[73,134500,94],{"class":93},[73,134502,653],{"class":83},[73,134504,133756],{"class":245},[73,134506,84],{"class":83},[73,134508,4625],{"class":245},[73,134510,249],{"class":83},[73,134512,134513],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,134514,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,134516,134517,134519,134521,134524],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,134518,80],{"class":79},[73,134520,84],{"class":83},[73,134522,134523],{"class":245},"joined_text",[73,134525,249],{"class":83},[20,134527,148],{},[64,134529,134531],{"className":66,"code":134530,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"one-two-three\n",[15,134532,134533],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134534,134535,134537,134539,134541,134543],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134536,7094],{"class":216},[73,134538,746],{"class":220},[73,134540,79513],{"class":216},[73,134542,746],{"class":220},[73,134544,134545],{"class":216},"three\n",[59,134547,134549],{"id":134548},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134551,134552],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[403,134554,134556,134559],{"id":134555},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134557,134558],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[64,134561,134563],{"className":66,"code":134562,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134564,134565,134589],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134566,134567,134569,134571,134573,134575,134577,134579,134581,134583,134585,134587],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134568,4581],{"class":216},[73,134570,221],{"class":220},[73,134572,891],{"class":83},[73,134574,94],{"class":93},[73,134576,4357],{"class":97},[73,134578,94],{"class":93},[73,134580,140],{"class":83},[73,134582,224],{"class":93},[73,134584,60832],{"class":97},[73,134586,94],{"class":93},[73,134588,924],{"class":83},[73,134590,134591,134593,134595,134597,134599,134601,134603,134605,134607],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,134592,80],{"class":79},[73,134594,84],{"class":83},[73,134596,94],{"class":93},[73,134598,224],{"class":93},[73,134600,653],{"class":83},[73,134602,133756],{"class":245},[73,134604,84],{"class":83},[73,134606,4625],{"class":245},[73,134608,102],{"class":83},[20,134610,148],{},[64,134612,134614],{"className":66,"code":134613,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"hello world\n",[15,134615,134616],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134617,134618],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134619,134613],{"class":216},[403,134621,134623,134626],{"id":134622},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134624,134625],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[64,134628,134630],{"className":66,"code":134629,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134631,134632,134664],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134633,134634,134636,134638,134640,134642,134644,134646,134648,134650,134652,134654,134656,134658,134660,134662],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134635,13586],{"class":216},[73,134637,221],{"class":220},[73,134639,891],{"class":83},[73,134641,94],{"class":93},[73,134643,13603],{"class":97},[73,134645,94],{"class":93},[73,134647,140],{"class":83},[73,134649,224],{"class":93},[73,134651,13620],{"class":97},[73,134653,94],{"class":93},[73,134655,140],{"class":83},[73,134657,224],{"class":93},[73,134659,17967],{"class":97},[73,134661,94],{"class":93},[73,134663,924],{"class":83},[73,134665,134666,134668,134670,134672,134674,134676,134678,134680,134682,134684],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,134667,80],{"class":79},[73,134669,84],{"class":83},[73,134671,94],{"class":93},[73,134673,2728],{"class":97},[73,134675,94],{"class":93},[73,134677,653],{"class":83},[73,134679,133756],{"class":245},[73,134681,84],{"class":83},[73,134683,18014],{"class":245},[73,134685,102],{"class":83},[20,134687,148],{},[64,134689,134691],{"className":66,"code":134690,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134692,134693],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134694,134695,134697,134699,134702,134704],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134696,13603],{"class":216},[73,134698,140],{"class":83},[73,134700,134701],{"class":216}," blue",[73,134703,140],{"class":83},[73,134705,36380],{"class":216},[20,134707,134708],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[403,134710,134712,134715],{"id":134711},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134713,134714],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[64,134717,134719],{"className":66,"code":134718,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134720,134721,134753],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134722,134723,134725,134727,134729,134731,134733,134735,134737,134739,134741,134743,134745,134747,134749,134751],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134724,43330],{"class":216},[73,134726,221],{"class":220},[73,134728,891],{"class":83},[73,134730,94],{"class":93},[73,134732,68],{"class":97},[73,134734,94],{"class":93},[73,134736,140],{"class":83},[73,134738,224],{"class":93},[73,134740,61415],{"class":97},[73,134742,94],{"class":93},[73,134744,140],{"class":83},[73,134746,224],{"class":93},[73,134748,133756],{"class":97},[73,134750,94],{"class":93},[73,134752,924],{"class":83},[73,134754,134755,134757,134759,134761,134763,134765,134767,134769,134771,134773],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,134756,80],{"class":79},[73,134758,84],{"class":83},[73,134760,94],{"class":93},[73,134762,746],{"class":97},[73,134764,94],{"class":93},[73,134766,653],{"class":83},[73,134768,133756],{"class":245},[73,134770,84],{"class":83},[73,134772,43362],{"class":245},[73,134774,102],{"class":83},[20,134776,148],{},[64,134778,134780],{"className":66,"code":134779,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"python-string-join\n",[15,134781,134782],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134783,134784,134786,134788,134790,134792],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134785,68],{"class":216},[73,134787,746],{"class":220},[73,134789,61415],{"class":216},[73,134791,746],{"class":220},[73,134793,134794],{"class":216},"join\n",[403,134796,134798,134801],{"id":134797},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134799,134800],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[64,134803,134805],{"className":66,"code":134804,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134806,134807,134840],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134808,134809,134811,134813,134815,134817,134819,134821,134823,134825,134827,134829,134831,134833,134836,134838],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134810,113176],{"class":216},[73,134812,221],{"class":220},[73,134814,891],{"class":83},[73,134816,94],{"class":93},[73,134818,22756],{"class":97},[73,134820,94],{"class":93},[73,134822,140],{"class":83},[73,134824,224],{"class":93},[73,134826,31106],{"class":97},[73,134828,94],{"class":93},[73,134830,140],{"class":83},[73,134832,224],{"class":93},[73,134834,134835],{"class":97},"C",[73,134837,94],{"class":93},[73,134839,924],{"class":83},[73,134841,134842,134844,134846,134848,134850,134852,134854,134857],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,134843,80],{"class":79},[73,134845,84],{"class":83},[73,134847,6783],{"class":93},[73,134849,653],{"class":83},[73,134851,133756],{"class":245},[73,134853,84],{"class":83},[73,134855,134856],{"class":245},"chars",[73,134858,102],{"class":83},[20,134860,148],{},[64,134862,134864],{"className":66,"code":134863,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"ABC\n",[15,134865,134866],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134867,134868],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134869,134863],{"class":34960},[59,134871,134873],{"id":134872},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134875,134876,134878],{},[15,134877,133679],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[403,134880,134882],{"id":134881},"this-works","This works",[64,134884,134886],{"className":66,"code":134885,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134887,134888,134920],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134889,134890,134892,134894,134896,134898,134900,134902,134904,134906,134908,134910,134912,134914,134916,134918],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134891,886],{"class":216},[73,134893,221],{"class":220},[73,134895,891],{"class":83},[73,134897,94],{"class":93},[73,134899,452],{"class":97},[73,134901,94],{"class":93},[73,134903,140],{"class":83},[73,134905,224],{"class":93},[73,134907,16264],{"class":97},[73,134909,94],{"class":93},[73,134911,140],{"class":83},[73,134913,224],{"class":93},[73,134915,37348],{"class":97},[73,134917,94],{"class":93},[73,134919,924],{"class":83},[73,134921,134922,134924,134926,134928,134930,134932,134934,134936,134938,134940],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,134923,80],{"class":79},[73,134925,84],{"class":83},[73,134927,94],{"class":93},[73,134929,2728],{"class":97},[73,134931,94],{"class":93},[73,134933,653],{"class":83},[73,134935,133756],{"class":245},[73,134937,84],{"class":83},[73,134939,5871],{"class":245},[73,134941,102],{"class":83},[20,134943,148],{},[64,134945,134947],{"className":66,"code":134946,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134948,134949],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134950,134951,134953,134955,134957,134959],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134952,452],{"class":116},[73,134954,140],{"class":83},[73,134956,8300],{"class":116},[73,134958,140],{"class":83},[73,134960,134961],{"class":116}," 30\n",[403,134963,134965],{"id":134964},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[64,134967,134969],{"className":66,"code":134968,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134970,134971,134991],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,134972,134973,134975,134977,134979,134981,134983,134985,134987,134989],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,134974,886],{"class":216},[73,134976,221],{"class":220},[73,134978,891],{"class":83},[73,134980,2397],{"class":116},[73,134982,140],{"class":83},[73,134984,143],{"class":116},[73,134986,140],{"class":83},[73,134988,2982],{"class":116},[73,134990,924],{"class":83},[73,134992,134993,134995,134997,134999,135001,135003,135005,135007,135009,135011],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,134994,80],{"class":79},[73,134996,84],{"class":83},[73,134998,94],{"class":93},[73,135000,2728],{"class":97},[73,135002,94],{"class":93},[73,135004,653],{"class":83},[73,135006,133756],{"class":245},[73,135008,84],{"class":83},[73,135010,5871],{"class":245},[73,135012,102],{"class":83},[20,135014,90553,135015,135017],{},[15,135016,1630],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,135019,135020],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[64,135022,135024],{"className":66,"code":135023,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135025,135026,135046,135076,135080],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,135027,135028,135030,135032,135034,135036,135038,135040,135042,135044],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,135029,886],{"class":216},[73,135031,221],{"class":220},[73,135033,891],{"class":83},[73,135035,2397],{"class":116},[73,135037,140],{"class":83},[73,135039,143],{"class":116},[73,135041,140],{"class":83},[73,135043,2982],{"class":116},[73,135045,924],{"class":83},[73,135047,135048,135050,135052,135054,135056,135058,135060,135062,135064,135066,135068,135070,135072,135074],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,135049,2766],{"class":216},[73,135051,221],{"class":220},[73,135053,224],{"class":93},[73,135055,2728],{"class":97},[73,135057,94],{"class":93},[73,135059,653],{"class":83},[73,135061,133756],{"class":245},[73,135063,84],{"class":83},[73,135065,40367],{"class":79},[73,135067,84],{"class":83},[73,135069,340],{"class":87},[73,135071,140],{"class":83},[73,135073,943],{"class":245},[73,135075,102],{"class":83},[73,135077,135078],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,135079,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,135081,135082,135084,135086,135088],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,135083,80],{"class":79},[73,135085,84],{"class":83},[73,135087,2800],{"class":245},[73,135089,249],{"class":83},[20,135091,148],{},[64,135093,135095],{"className":66,"code":135094,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,135096,135097],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,135098,135099,135101,135103,135105,135107],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,135100,2397],{"class":116},[73,135102,140],{"class":83},[73,135104,143],{"class":116},[73,135106,140],{"class":83},[73,135108,3109],{"class":116},[20,135110,135111,135112,653],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[646,135113,13,135114,2422],{"href":1323},[15,135115,1326],{},[403,135117,135119,135121],{"id":135118},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,135120,1842],{}," values do not work directly",[64,135123,135125],{"className":66,"code":135124,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,135126,135127,135155],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,135128,135129,135131,135133,135135,135137,135139,135141,135143,135145,135147,135149,135151,135153],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,135130,886],{"class":216},[73,135132,221],{"class":220},[73,135134,891],{"class":83},[73,135136,94],{"class":93},[73,135138,4590],{"class":97},[73,135140,94],{"class":93},[73,135142,140],{"class":83},[73,135144,4364],{"class":484},[73,135146,140],{"class":83},[73,135148,224],{"class":93},[73,135150,4599],{"class":97},[73,135152,94],{"class":93},[73,135154,924],{"class":83},[73,135156,135157,135159,135161,135163,135165,135167,135169,135171,135173,135175],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,135158,80],{"class":79},[73,135160,84],{"class":83},[73,135162,94],{"class":93},[73,135164,2728],{"class":97},[73,135166,94],{"class":93},[73,135168,653],{"class":83},[73,135170,133756],{"class":245},[73,135172,84],{"class":83},[73,135174,5871],{"class":245},[73,135176,102],{"class":83},[20,135178,135179,135180,653],{},"This also causes a ",[15,135181,1630],{},[20,135183,135184],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[64,135186,135188],{"className":66,"code":135187,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135189,135190,135218,135248,135252],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,135191,135192,135194,135196,135198,135200,135202,135204,135206,135208,135210,135212,135214,135216],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,135193,886],{"class":216},[73,135195,221],{"class":220},[73,135197,891],{"class":83},[73,135199,94],{"class":93},[73,135201,4590],{"class":97},[73,135203,94],{"class":93},[73,135205,140],{"class":83},[73,135207,4364],{"class":484},[73,135209,140],{"class":83},[73,135211,224],{"class":93},[73,135213,4599],{"class":97},[73,135215,94],{"class":93},[73,135217,924],{"class":83},[73,135219,135220,135222,135224,135226,135228,135230,135232,135234,135236,135238,135240,135242,135244,135246],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,135221,2766],{"class":216},[73,135223,221],{"class":220},[73,135225,224],{"class":93},[73,135227,2728],{"class":97},[73,135229,94],{"class":93},[73,135231,653],{"class":83},[73,135233,133756],{"class":245},[73,135235,84],{"class":83},[73,135237,40367],{"class":79},[73,135239,84],{"class":83},[73,135241,340],{"class":87},[73,135243,140],{"class":83},[73,135245,943],{"class":245},[73,135247,102],{"class":83},[73,135249,135250],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,135251,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,135253,135254,135256,135258,135260],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,135255,80],{"class":79},[73,135257,84],{"class":83},[73,135259,2800],{"class":245},[73,135261,249],{"class":83},[20,135263,148],{},[64,135265,135267],{"className":66,"code":135266,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,135268,135269],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,135270,135271,135273,135275,135277,135279],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,135272,4590],{"class":216},[73,135274,140],{"class":83},[73,135276,4364],{"class":484},[73,135278,140],{"class":83},[73,135280,135281],{"class":216}," banana\n",[20,135283,135284,135285,135287],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,135286,1842],{}," values instead of converting them.",[403,135289,135291,135293],{"id":135290},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,135292,133679],{}," also works with tuples",[64,135295,135297],{"className":66,"code":135296,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,135298,135299,135331],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,135300,135301,135303,135305,135307,135309,135311,135313,135315,135317,135319,135321,135323,135325,135327,135329],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,135302,5508],{"class":216},[73,135304,221],{"class":220},[73,135306,9742],{"class":83},[73,135308,94],{"class":93},[73,135310,8186],{"class":97},[73,135312,94],{"class":93},[73,135314,140],{"class":83},[73,135316,224],{"class":93},[73,135318,131685],{"class":97},[73,135320,94],{"class":93},[73,135322,140],{"class":83},[73,135324,224],{"class":93},[73,135326,8432],{"class":97},[73,135328,94],{"class":93},[73,135330,249],{"class":83},[73,135332,135333,135335,135337,135339,135342,135344,135346,135348,135350,135352],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,135334,80],{"class":79},[73,135336,84],{"class":83},[73,135338,94],{"class":93},[73,135340,135341],{"class":97}," \u002F ",[73,135343,94],{"class":93},[73,135345,653],{"class":83},[73,135347,133756],{"class":245},[73,135349,84],{"class":83},[73,135351,5552],{"class":245},[73,135353,102],{"class":83},[20,135355,148],{},[64,135357,135359],{"className":66,"code":135358,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,135360,135361],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,135362,135363,135366,135368,135371,135373],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,135364,135365],{"class":216},"Sam ",[73,135367,127489],{"class":220},[73,135369,135370],{"class":216}," Lee ",[73,135372,127489],{"class":220},[73,135374,22843],{"class":216},[59,135376,135378,135379],{"id":135377},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,135380,133679],{},[20,135382,135383],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[403,135385,135387,135388,135390],{"id":135386},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,135389,1630],{}," because not all items are strings",[64,135392,135394],{"className":66,"code":135393,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,135395,135396,135424],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,135397,135398,135400,135402,135404,135406,135408,135410,135412,135414,135416,135418,135420,135422],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,135399,8289],{"class":216},[73,135401,221],{"class":220},[73,135403,891],{"class":83},[73,135405,94],{"class":93},[73,135407,646],{"class":97},[73,135409,94],{"class":93},[73,135411,140],{"class":83},[73,135413,143],{"class":116},[73,135415,140],{"class":83},[73,135417,224],{"class":93},[73,135419,10245],{"class":97},[73,135421,94],{"class":93},[73,135423,924],{"class":83},[73,135425,135426,135428,135430,135432,135434,135436,135438,135440,135442],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,135427,80],{"class":79},[73,135429,84],{"class":83},[73,135431,94],{"class":93},[73,135433,224],{"class":93},[73,135435,653],{"class":83},[73,135437,133756],{"class":245},[73,135439,84],{"class":83},[73,135441,8320],{"class":245},[73,135443,102],{"class":83},[20,135445,2189,135446,135448],{},[15,135447,530],{}," is an integer.",[20,135450,39769],{},[64,135452,135454],{"className":66,"code":135453,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,135455,135456,135484],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,135457,135458,135460,135462,135464,135466,135468,135470,135472,135474,135476,135478,135480,135482],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,135459,8289],{"class":216},[73,135461,221],{"class":220},[73,135463,891],{"class":83},[73,135465,94],{"class":93},[73,135467,646],{"class":97},[73,135469,94],{"class":93},[73,135471,140],{"class":83},[73,135473,143],{"class":116},[73,135475,140],{"class":83},[73,135477,224],{"class":93},[73,135479,10245],{"class":97},[73,135481,94],{"class":93},[73,135483,924],{"class":83},[73,135485,135486,135488,135490,135492,135494,135496,135498,135500,135502,135504,135506,135508,135510],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,135487,80],{"class":79},[73,135489,84],{"class":83},[73,135491,94],{"class":93},[73,135493,224],{"class":93},[73,135495,653],{"class":83},[73,135497,133756],{"class":245},[73,135499,84],{"class":83},[73,135501,40367],{"class":79},[73,135503,84],{"class":83},[73,135505,340],{"class":87},[73,135507,140],{"class":83},[73,135509,6477],{"class":245},[73,135511,1784],{"class":83},[20,135513,135514,135515,653],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[646,135516,1805,135518],{"href":135517},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135519,135520],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[403,135522,135524,135525,135527],{"id":135523},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135526,133679],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135529,5038],{},[64,135531,135533],{"className":66,"code":135532,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135534,135535,135567],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,135536,135537,135539,135541,135543,135545,135547,135549,135551,135553,135555,135557,135559,135561,135563,135565],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,135538,4581],{"class":216},[73,135540,221],{"class":220},[73,135542,891],{"class":83},[73,135544,94],{"class":93},[73,135546,7807],{"class":97},[73,135548,94],{"class":93},[73,135550,140],{"class":83},[73,135552,224],{"class":93},[73,135554,12705],{"class":97},[73,135556,94],{"class":93},[73,135558,140],{"class":83},[73,135560,224],{"class":93},[73,135562,133737],{"class":97},[73,135564,94],{"class":93},[73,135566,924],{"class":83},[73,135568,135569,135571,135573,135575,135577,135579,135581,135583,135585],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,135570,2766],{"class":216},[73,135572,221],{"class":220},[73,135574,6679],{"class":216},[73,135576,653],{"class":83},[73,135578,133756],{"class":245},[73,135580,84],{"class":83},[73,135582,94],{"class":93},[73,135584,224],{"class":93},[73,135586,249],{"class":83},[20,135588,135589,135591],{},[15,135590,133679],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135593,11315],{},[64,135595,135597],{"className":66,"code":135596,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135598,135599,135631,135651,135655],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,135600,135601,135603,135605,135607,135609,135611,135613,135615,135617,135619,135621,135623,135625,135627,135629],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,135602,4581],{"class":216},[73,135604,221],{"class":220},[73,135606,891],{"class":83},[73,135608,94],{"class":93},[73,135610,7807],{"class":97},[73,135612,94],{"class":93},[73,135614,140],{"class":83},[73,135616,224],{"class":93},[73,135618,12705],{"class":97},[73,135620,94],{"class":93},[73,135622,140],{"class":83},[73,135624,224],{"class":93},[73,135626,133737],{"class":97},[73,135628,94],{"class":93},[73,135630,924],{"class":83},[73,135632,135633,135635,135637,135639,135641,135643,135645,135647,135649],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,135634,2766],{"class":216},[73,135636,221],{"class":220},[73,135638,224],{"class":93},[73,135640,224],{"class":93},[73,135642,653],{"class":83},[73,135644,133756],{"class":245},[73,135646,84],{"class":83},[73,135648,4625],{"class":245},[73,135650,249],{"class":83},[73,135652,135653],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,135654,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,135656,135657,135659,135661,135663],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,135658,80],{"class":79},[73,135660,84],{"class":83},[73,135662,2800],{"class":245},[73,135664,249],{"class":83},[403,135666,135668],{"id":135667},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[64,135670,135672],{"className":66,"code":135671,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135673,135674,135706],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,135675,135676,135678,135680,135682,135684,135686,135688,135690,135692,135694,135696,135698,135700,135702,135704],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,135677,4581],{"class":216},[73,135679,221],{"class":220},[73,135681,891],{"class":83},[73,135683,94],{"class":93},[73,135685,7094],{"class":97},[73,135687,94],{"class":93},[73,135689,140],{"class":83},[73,135691,224],{"class":93},[73,135693,79513],{"class":97},[73,135695,94],{"class":93},[73,135697,140],{"class":83},[73,135699,224],{"class":93},[73,135701,134483],{"class":97},[73,135703,94],{"class":93},[73,135705,924],{"class":83},[73,135707,135708,135710,135712,135714,135716,135718,135720,135722],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,135709,80],{"class":79},[73,135711,84],{"class":83},[73,135713,6783],{"class":93},[73,135715,653],{"class":83},[73,135717,133756],{"class":245},[73,135719,84],{"class":83},[73,135721,4625],{"class":245},[73,135723,102],{"class":83},[20,135725,148],{},[64,135727,135729],{"className":66,"code":135728,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"onetwothree\n",[15,135730,135731],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,135732,135733],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,135734,135728],{"class":216},[20,135736,135737,135738,7140],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135739,133824],{},[403,135741,135743,135744,131947],{"id":135742},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135745,133679],{},[64,135747,135749],{"className":66,"code":135748,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135750,135751,135783,135801,135805],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,135752,135753,135755,135757,135759,135761,135763,135765,135767,135769,135771,135773,135775,135777,135779,135781],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,135754,4581],{"class":216},[73,135756,221],{"class":220},[73,135758,891],{"class":83},[73,135760,94],{"class":93},[73,135762,646],{"class":97},[73,135764,94],{"class":93},[73,135766,140],{"class":83},[73,135768,224],{"class":93},[73,135770,5274],{"class":97},[73,135772,94],{"class":93},[73,135774,140],{"class":83},[73,135776,224],{"class":93},[73,135778,10245],{"class":97},[73,135780,94],{"class":93},[73,135782,924],{"class":83},[73,135784,135785,135787,135789,135791,135793,135795,135797,135799],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,135786,94],{"class":1033},[73,135788,746],{"class":1036},[73,135790,94],{"class":1033},[73,135792,653],{"class":83},[73,135794,133756],{"class":245},[73,135796,84],{"class":83},[73,135798,4625],{"class":245},[73,135800,249],{"class":83},[73,135802,135803],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,135804,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,135806,135807,135809,135811,135813],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,135808,80],{"class":79},[73,135810,84],{"class":83},[73,135812,4625],{"class":245},[73,135814,249],{"class":83},[20,135816,148],{},[64,135818,135819],{"className":66,"code":43369,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,135820,135821],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,135822,135823,135825,135827,135829,135831,135833,135835,135837,135839,135841,135843,135845,135847],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,135824,4410],{"class":83},[73,135826,343],{"class":93},[73,135828,646],{"class":97},[73,135830,343],{"class":93},[73,135832,140],{"class":83},[73,135834,337],{"class":93},[73,135836,5274],{"class":97},[73,135838,343],{"class":93},[73,135840,140],{"class":83},[73,135842,337],{"class":93},[73,135844,10245],{"class":97},[73,135846,343],{"class":93},[73,135848,924],{"class":83},[20,135850,135851,135852,135854],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135853,133679],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[59,135856,135858,135860,135861],{"id":135857},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135859,133679],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135862,2082],{},[20,135864,11097,135865,1647,135867,135869],{},[15,135866,133679],{},[15,135868,2082],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[403,135871,171,135873,135875],{"id":135872},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135874,2082],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[64,135877,135879],{"className":66,"code":135878,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135880,135881,135894,135907,135927,135931],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,135882,135883,135886,135888,135890,135892],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,135884,135885],{"class":216},"first ",[73,135887,221],{"class":220},[73,135889,224],{"class":93},[73,135891,35373],{"class":97},[73,135893,230],{"class":93},[73,135895,135896,135899,135901,135903,135905],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,135897,135898],{"class":216},"second ",[73,135900,221],{"class":220},[73,135902,224],{"class":93},[73,135904,89982],{"class":97},[73,135906,230],{"class":93},[73,135908,135909,135911,135913,135916,135918,135920,135922,135924],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,135910,2766],{"class":216},[73,135912,221],{"class":220},[73,135914,135915],{"class":216}," first ",[73,135917,2082],{"class":220},[73,135919,224],{"class":93},[73,135921,224],{"class":93},[73,135923,2985],{"class":220},[73,135925,135926],{"class":216}," second\n",[73,135928,135929],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,135930,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,135932,135933,135935,135937,135939],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,135934,80],{"class":79},[73,135936,84],{"class":83},[73,135938,2800],{"class":245},[73,135940,249],{"class":83},[20,135942,148],{},[64,135944,135946],{"className":66,"code":135945,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Hello World\n",[15,135947,135948],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,135949,135950],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,135951,135945],{"class":216},[403,135953,171,135955,135957],{"id":135954},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135956,133679],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[64,135959,135961],{"className":66,"code":135960,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135962,135963,136005,136025,136029],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,135964,135965,135967,135969,135971,135973,135975,135977,135979,135981,135984,135986,135988,135990,135993,135995,135997,135999,136001,136003],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,135966,4581],{"class":216},[73,135968,221],{"class":220},[73,135970,891],{"class":83},[73,135972,94],{"class":93},[73,135974,7807],{"class":97},[73,135976,94],{"class":93},[73,135978,140],{"class":83},[73,135980,224],{"class":93},[73,135982,135983],{"class":97},"makes",[73,135985,94],{"class":93},[73,135987,140],{"class":83},[73,135989,224],{"class":93},[73,135991,135992],{"class":97},"this",[73,135994,94],{"class":93},[73,135996,140],{"class":83},[73,135998,224],{"class":93},[73,136000,134178],{"class":97},[73,136002,94],{"class":93},[73,136004,924],{"class":83},[73,136006,136007,136009,136011,136013,136015,136017,136019,136021,136023],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,136008,2766],{"class":216},[73,136010,221],{"class":220},[73,136012,224],{"class":93},[73,136014,224],{"class":93},[73,136016,653],{"class":83},[73,136018,133756],{"class":245},[73,136020,84],{"class":83},[73,136022,4625],{"class":245},[73,136024,249],{"class":83},[73,136026,136027],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,136028,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,136030,136031,136033,136035,136037],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,136032,80],{"class":79},[73,136034,84],{"class":83},[73,136036,2800],{"class":245},[73,136038,249],{"class":83},[20,136040,148],{},[64,136042,136044],{"className":66,"code":136043,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,136045,136046],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,136047,136048],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,136049,136043],{"class":216},[20,136051,136052,136054],{},[15,136053,133679],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[33,136056,136057,136060,136063],{},[36,136058,136059],{},"You already have a list of strings",[36,136061,136062],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[36,136064,136065,136066,136068],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,136067,2082],{}," operators",[20,136070,136071,136072,653],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[646,136073,136075],{"href":136074},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[59,136077,136079],{"id":136078},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,136081,9384,136082,136084],{},[15,136083,133679],{}," is not working, check these first:",[33,136086,136087,136090,136095,136104,136110],{},[36,136088,136089],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[36,136091,136092,136093],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,136094,1842],{},[36,136096,136097,136098,11600,136101],{},"You may have written ",[15,136099,136100],{},"list.join(...)",[15,136102,136103],{},"string.join(...)",[36,136105,136106,136107,136109],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,136108,133679],{}," to change the original iterable",[36,136111,136112],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,136114,94622],{},[64,136116,136118],{"className":66,"code":136117,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,136119,136120,136134,136144,136168,136208],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,136121,136122,136124,136126,136128,136130,136132],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,136123,80],{"class":79},[73,136125,84],{"class":83},[73,136127,288],{"class":87},[73,136129,84],{"class":83},[73,136131,8320],{"class":245},[73,136133,102],{"class":83},[73,136135,136136,136138,136140,136142],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,136137,80],{"class":79},[73,136139,84],{"class":83},[73,136141,8320],{"class":245},[73,136143,249],{"class":83},[73,136145,136146,136148,136150,136152,136154,136156,136158,136160,136162,136164,136166],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,136147,80],{"class":79},[73,136149,3510],{"class":83},[73,136151,288],{"class":87},[73,136153,84],{"class":83},[73,136155,23820],{"class":245},[73,136157,4177],{"class":83},[73,136159,4388],{"class":933},[73,136161,6472],{"class":245},[73,136163,940],{"class":933},[73,136165,6477],{"class":245},[73,136167,4398],{"class":83},[73,136169,136170,136172,136174,136176,136178,136180,136182,136184,136186,136188,136190,136192,136194,136196,136198,136200,136202,136204,136206],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,136171,80],{"class":79},[73,136173,84],{"class":83},[73,136175,343],{"class":93},[73,136177,337],{"class":93},[73,136179,653],{"class":83},[73,136181,133756],{"class":245},[73,136183,3510],{"class":83},[73,136185,343],{"class":93},[73,136187,646],{"class":97},[73,136189,343],{"class":93},[73,136191,140],{"class":83},[73,136193,337],{"class":93},[73,136195,5274],{"class":97},[73,136197,343],{"class":93},[73,136199,140],{"class":83},[73,136201,337],{"class":93},[73,136203,10245],{"class":97},[73,136205,343],{"class":93},[73,136207,3523],{"class":83},[73,136209,136210,136212,136214,136216,136218,136220,136222,136224,136226,136228,136230,136232,136234,136236,136238,136240,136242,136244,136246],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,136211,80],{"class":79},[73,136213,84],{"class":83},[73,136215,343],{"class":93},[73,136217,2728],{"class":97},[73,136219,343],{"class":93},[73,136221,653],{"class":83},[73,136223,133756],{"class":245},[73,136225,84],{"class":83},[73,136227,40367],{"class":79},[73,136229,84],{"class":83},[73,136231,340],{"class":87},[73,136233,140],{"class":83},[73,136235,891],{"class":83},[73,136237,2397],{"class":116},[73,136239,140],{"class":83},[73,136241,143],{"class":116},[73,136243,140],{"class":83},[73,136245,2982],{"class":116},[73,136247,37772],{"class":83},[20,136249,136250],{},"What these checks do:",[33,136252,136253,136261,136267,136273,136282],{},[36,136254,136255,136258,136259,8607],{},[15,136256,136257],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,136260,8320],{},[36,136262,136263,136266],{},[15,136264,136265],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[36,136268,136269,136272],{},[15,136270,136271],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[36,136274,136275,136278,136279,136281],{},[15,136276,136277],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,136280,133679],{}," behavior",[36,136283,136284,136287],{},[15,136285,136286],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[59,136289,2350],{"id":2349},[403,136291,2354,136293,136295],{"id":136292},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,136294,133679],{}," work with numbers?",[20,136297,136298,136299,136301,136302,653],{},"Not directly. ",[15,136300,133679],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,136303,136304],{},"map(str, values)",[403,136306,2354,136308,57403],{"id":136307},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,136309,133679],{},[20,136311,136312],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[403,136314,28838,136316,62876],{"id":136315},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,136317,133679],{},[20,136319,42648,136320,136322],{},[15,136321,133679],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[403,136324,2387,136326,40467],{"id":136325},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,136327,136328],{},"''.join(words)",[20,136330,136331],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[403,136333,136335,136336,136338,136339,3023],{"id":136334},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,136337,1630],{}," when using ",[15,136340,133679],{},[20,136342,136343],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[59,136345,2413],{"id":2412},[33,136347,136348,136353,136359,136365,136371],{},[36,136349,136350],{},[646,136351,136352],{"href":136074},"How to join strings in Python",[36,136354,136355],{},[646,136356,126597,136357,11248],{"href":129284},[15,136358,60772],{},[36,136360,136361],{},[646,136362,13,136363,2422],{"href":1323},[15,136364,1326],{},[36,136366,136367],{},[646,136368,2455,136369],{"href":135517},[15,136370,135520],{},[36,136372,136373],{},[646,136374,125352],{"href":51213},[20,136376,97592,136377,136379],{},[15,136378,133679],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2459,136381,136382],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":136384},[136385,136386,136388,136391,136398,136408,136416,136426,136433,136434,136446],{"id":4123,"depth":105,"text":4124},{"id":133796,"depth":105,"text":136387},"What join() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370,"children":136389},[136390],{"id":49246,"depth":122,"text":49247},{"id":122127,"depth":105,"text":122128,"children":136392},[136393,136394,136395,136396],{"id":134143,"depth":122,"text":134144},{"id":134235,"depth":122,"text":134236},{"id":134336,"depth":122,"text":134337},{"id":134445,"depth":122,"text":136397},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134548,"depth":105,"text":134549,"children":136399},[136400,136402,136404,136406],{"id":134555,"depth":122,"text":136401},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134622,"depth":122,"text":136403},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134711,"depth":122,"text":136405},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134797,"depth":122,"text":136407},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134872,"depth":105,"text":134873,"children":136409},[136410,136411,136412,136414],{"id":134881,"depth":122,"text":134882},{"id":134964,"depth":122,"text":134965},{"id":135118,"depth":122,"text":136413},"None values do not work directly",{"id":135290,"depth":122,"text":136415},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135377,"depth":105,"text":136417,"children":136418},"Common errors with join()",[136419,136421,136423,136424],{"id":135386,"depth":122,"text":136420},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135523,"depth":122,"text":136422},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135667,"depth":122,"text":135668},{"id":135742,"depth":122,"text":136425},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135857,"depth":105,"text":136427,"children":136428},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136429,136431],{"id":135872,"depth":122,"text":136430},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135954,"depth":122,"text":136432},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":136078,"depth":105,"text":136079},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":136435},[136436,136438,136440,136442,136444],{"id":136292,"depth":122,"text":136437},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136307,"depth":122,"text":136439},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136315,"depth":122,"text":136441},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136325,"depth":122,"text":136443},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136334,"depth":122,"text":136445},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133671,"description":136447},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136454,"title":136455,"body":136456,"description":138024,"extension":2511,"meta":138025,"navigation":254,"path":138026,"seo":138027,"stem":138028,"__hash__":138029},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136457,"toc":137991},[136458,136463,136468,136470,136484,136529,136536,136541,136546,136548,136564,136573,136575,136577,136592,136594,136604,136606,136668,136670,136673,136734,136736,136752,136754,136767,136770,136817,136819,136825,136828,136831,136891,136899,136985,136989,136994,136996,137010,137013,137098,137101,137159,137170,137225,137227,137234,137240,137246,137290,137293,137340,137342,137344,137351,137353,137384,137387,137389,137420,137424,137427,137429,137469,137471,137514,137520,137525,137527,137554,137559,137562,137611,137615,137618,137693,137704,137707,137764,137771,137777,137785,137790,137797,137804,137822,137824,137878,137886,137888,137893,137896,137902,137908,137913,137916,137922,137928,137935,137943,137945,137988],[10,136459,123597,136461,11831],{"id":136460},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136462,124327],{},[20,136464,123602,136465,136467],{},[15,136466,124327],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,136469,24597],{},[33,136471,136472,136475,136478,136481],{},[36,136473,136474],{},"convert text to lowercase",[36,136476,136477],{},"compare text without case differences",[36,136479,136480],{},"clean up user input",[36,136482,136483],{},"make simple text matching easier",[64,136485,136487],{"className":66,"code":136486,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136488,136489,136502,136516],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,136490,136491,136493,136495,136497,136500],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,136492,217],{"class":216},[73,136494,221],{"class":220},[73,136496,224],{"class":93},[73,136498,136499],{"class":97},"Hello WORLD",[73,136501,230],{"class":93},[73,136503,136504,136506,136508,136510,136512,136514],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,136505,2766],{"class":216},[73,136507,221],{"class":220},[73,136509,43335],{"class":216},[73,136511,653],{"class":83},[73,136513,9148],{"class":245},[73,136515,9151],{"class":83},[73,136517,136518,136520,136522,136524,136526],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,136519,80],{"class":79},[73,136521,84],{"class":83},[73,136523,2800],{"class":245},[73,136525,4177],{"class":83},[73,136527,136528],{"class":769},"  # hello world\n",[20,136530,136531,89205,136533,136535],{},[1194,136532,84063],{},[15,136534,124327],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[59,136537,178,136539,181],{"id":136538},"what-lower-does",[15,136540,124327],{},[20,136542,136543,136545],{},[15,136544,124327],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136547,189],{},[33,136549,136550,136555,136558,136561],{},[36,136551,136552,136554],{},[15,136553,124327],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[36,136556,136557],{},"It works on string objects",[36,136559,136560],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[36,136562,136563],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136565,125349,136566,136570,136571,653],{},[646,136567,136569],{"href":136568},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[646,136572,51214],{"href":51213},[59,136574,370],{"id":369},[20,136576,2700],{},[64,136578,136580],{"className":66,"code":136579,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"string.lower()\n",[15,136581,136582],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,136583,136584,136586,136588,136590],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,136585,61415],{"class":216},[73,136587,653],{"class":83},[73,136589,9148],{"class":245},[73,136591,9151],{"class":83},[20,136593,44142],{},[33,136595,136596,136598,136601],{},[36,136597,97770],{},[36,136599,136600],{},"You call it directly on a string",[36,136602,136603],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136605,206],{},[64,136607,136609],{"className":66,"code":136608,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136610,136611,136634,136638,136651],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,136612,136613,136615,136617,136619,136622,136624,136626,136628,136631],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,136614,80],{"class":79},[73,136616,84],{"class":83},[73,136618,94],{"class":93},[73,136620,136621],{"class":97},"HELLO",[73,136623,94],{"class":93},[73,136625,653],{"class":83},[73,136627,9148],{"class":245},[73,136629,136630],{"class":83},"())",[73,136632,136633],{"class":769},"  # hello\n",[73,136635,136636],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,136637,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,136639,136640,136642,136644,136646,136649],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,136641,8387],{"class":216},[73,136643,221],{"class":220},[73,136645,224],{"class":93},[73,136647,136648],{"class":97},"PyThOn",[73,136650,230],{"class":93},[73,136652,136653,136655,136657,136659,136661,136663,136665],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,136654,80],{"class":79},[73,136656,84],{"class":83},[73,136658,8177],{"class":245},[73,136660,653],{"class":83},[73,136662,9148],{"class":245},[73,136664,136630],{"class":83},[73,136666,136667],{"class":769},"  # python\n",[59,136669,11985],{"id":11984},[20,136671,136672],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[64,136674,136676],{"className":66,"code":136675,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136677,136678,136690,136694,136709,136713,136724],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,136679,136680,136682,136684,136686,136688],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,136681,217],{"class":216},[73,136683,221],{"class":220},[73,136685,224],{"class":93},[73,136687,136499],{"class":97},[73,136689,230],{"class":93},[73,136691,136692],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,136693,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,136695,136696,136699,136701,136703,136705,136707],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,136697,136698],{"class":216},"lower_text ",[73,136700,221],{"class":220},[73,136702,43335],{"class":216},[73,136704,653],{"class":83},[73,136706,9148],{"class":245},[73,136708,9151],{"class":83},[73,136710,136711],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,136712,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,136714,136715,136717,136719,136722],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,136716,80],{"class":79},[73,136718,84],{"class":83},[73,136720,136721],{"class":245},"lower_text",[73,136723,249],{"class":83},[73,136725,136726,136728,136730,136732],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,136727,80],{"class":79},[73,136729,84],{"class":83},[73,136731,246],{"class":245},[73,136733,249],{"class":83},[20,136735,148],{},[64,136737,136739],{"className":66,"code":136738,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136740,136741,136745],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,136742,136743],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,136744,134613],{"class":216},[73,136746,136747,136749],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,136748,132013],{"class":216},[73,136750,136751],{"class":34960},"WORLD\n",[20,136753,25117],{},[33,136755,136756,136761],{},[36,136757,136758,136760],{},[15,136759,124327],{}," returns the lowercase result",[36,136762,136763,136764,136766],{},"the original ",[15,136765,246],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136768,136769],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[64,136771,136773],{"className":66,"code":136772,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136774,136775,136787,136801,136805],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,136776,136777,136779,136781,136783,136785],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,136778,217],{"class":216},[73,136780,221],{"class":220},[73,136782,224],{"class":93},[73,136784,136499],{"class":97},[73,136786,230],{"class":93},[73,136788,136789,136791,136793,136795,136797,136799],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,136790,217],{"class":216},[73,136792,221],{"class":220},[73,136794,43335],{"class":216},[73,136796,653],{"class":83},[73,136798,9148],{"class":245},[73,136800,9151],{"class":83},[73,136802,136803],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,136804,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,136806,136807,136809,136811,136813,136815],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,136808,80],{"class":79},[73,136810,84],{"class":83},[73,136812,246],{"class":245},[73,136814,4177],{"class":83},[73,136816,136528],{"class":769},[59,136818,17930],{"id":17929},[20,136820,136821,22486,136823,653],{},[15,136822,124327],{},[1194,136824,61415],{},[20,136826,136827],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136829,136830],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[64,136832,136834],{"className":66,"code":136833,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136835,136836,136850,136854,136877],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,136837,136838,136841,136843,136845,136848],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,136839,136840],{"class":216},"answer ",[73,136842,221],{"class":220},[73,136844,224],{"class":93},[73,136846,136847],{"class":97},"YES",[73,136849,230],{"class":93},[73,136851,136852],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,136853,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,136855,136856,136858,136861,136863,136865,136867,136869,136871,136873,136875],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,136857,7507],{"class":933},[73,136859,136860],{"class":216}," answer",[73,136862,653],{"class":83},[73,136864,9148],{"class":245},[73,136866,1052],{"class":83},[73,136868,6918],{"class":220},[73,136870,224],{"class":93},[73,136872,9166],{"class":97},[73,136874,94],{"class":93},[73,136876,946],{"class":83},[73,136878,136879,136881,136883,136885,136887,136889],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,136880,1676],{"class":79},[73,136882,84],{"class":83},[73,136884,94],{"class":93},[73,136886,97079],{"class":97},[73,136888,94],{"class":93},[73,136890,249],{"class":83},[20,136892,136893,136894,1063],{},"This is especially useful with ",[646,136895,136896,136897,652],{"href":1171},"the ",[15,136898,1174],{},[64,136900,136902],{"className":66,"code":136901,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136903,136904,136923,136927,136949,136964,136970],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,136905,136906,136908,136910,136912,136914,136916,136919,136921],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,136907,136840],{"class":216},[73,136909,221],{"class":220},[73,136911,8751],{"class":79},[73,136913,84],{"class":83},[73,136915,94],{"class":93},[73,136917,136918],{"class":97},"Type yes or no: ",[73,136920,94],{"class":93},[73,136922,249],{"class":83},[73,136924,136925],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,136926,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,136928,136929,136931,136933,136935,136937,136939,136941,136943,136945,136947],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,136930,7507],{"class":933},[73,136932,136860],{"class":216},[73,136934,653],{"class":83},[73,136936,9148],{"class":245},[73,136938,1052],{"class":83},[73,136940,6918],{"class":220},[73,136942,224],{"class":93},[73,136944,9166],{"class":97},[73,136946,94],{"class":93},[73,136948,946],{"class":83},[73,136950,136951,136953,136955,136957,136960,136962],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,136952,1676],{"class":79},[73,136954,84],{"class":83},[73,136956,94],{"class":93},[73,136958,136959],{"class":97},"You typed yes",[73,136961,94],{"class":93},[73,136963,249],{"class":83},[73,136965,136966,136968],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,136967,27944],{"class":933},[73,136969,946],{"class":83},[73,136971,136972,136974,136976,136978,136981,136983],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,136973,1676],{"class":79},[73,136975,84],{"class":83},[73,136977,94],{"class":93},[73,136979,136980],{"class":97},"You typed something else",[73,136982,94],{"class":93},[73,136984,249],{"class":83},[59,136986,136988],{"id":136987},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136990,136991,136993],{},[15,136992,124327],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136995,7852],{},[33,136997,136998,137001,137004,137007],{},[36,136999,137000],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[36,137002,137003],{},"Make text matching easier",[36,137005,137006],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[36,137008,137009],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,137011,137012],{},"Example: checking user input",[64,137014,137016],{"className":66,"code":137015,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,137017,137018,137036,137040,137062,137077,137083],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,137019,137020,137022,137024,137026,137028,137030,137032,137034],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,137021,45450],{"class":216},[73,137023,221],{"class":220},[73,137025,8751],{"class":79},[73,137027,84],{"class":83},[73,137029,94],{"class":93},[73,137031,45461],{"class":97},[73,137033,94],{"class":93},[73,137035,249],{"class":83},[73,137037,137038],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,137039,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,137041,137042,137044,137046,137048,137050,137052,137054,137056,137058,137060],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,137043,7507],{"class":933},[73,137045,36357],{"class":216},[73,137047,653],{"class":83},[73,137049,9148],{"class":245},[73,137051,1052],{"class":83},[73,137053,6918],{"class":220},[73,137055,224],{"class":93},[73,137057,13620],{"class":97},[73,137059,94],{"class":93},[73,137061,946],{"class":83},[73,137063,137064,137066,137068,137070,137073,137075],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,137065,1676],{"class":79},[73,137067,84],{"class":83},[73,137069,94],{"class":93},[73,137071,137072],{"class":97},"Nice choice!",[73,137074,94],{"class":93},[73,137076,249],{"class":83},[73,137078,137079,137081],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,137080,27944],{"class":933},[73,137082,946],{"class":83},[73,137084,137085,137087,137089,137091,137094,137096],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,137086,1676],{"class":79},[73,137088,84],{"class":83},[73,137090,94],{"class":93},[73,137092,137093],{"class":97},"Got it.",[73,137095,94],{"class":93},[73,137097,249],{"class":83},[20,137099,137100],{},"Example: simple search",[64,137102,137104],{"className":66,"code":137103,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,137105,137106,137119,137123,137144],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,137107,137108,137110,137112,137114,137117],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,137109,90249],{"class":216},[73,137111,221],{"class":220},[73,137113,224],{"class":93},[73,137115,137116],{"class":97},"Python Is Fun",[73,137118,230],{"class":93},[73,137120,137121],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,137122,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,137124,137125,137127,137129,137131,137133,137135,137138,137140,137142],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,137126,7507],{"class":933},[73,137128,224],{"class":93},[73,137130,68],{"class":97},[73,137132,94],{"class":93},[73,137134,21686],{"class":220},[73,137136,137137],{"class":216}," message",[73,137139,653],{"class":83},[73,137141,9148],{"class":245},[73,137143,22107],{"class":83},[73,137145,137146,137148,137150,137152,137155,137157],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,137147,1676],{"class":79},[73,137149,84],{"class":83},[73,137151,94],{"class":93},[73,137153,137154],{"class":97},"Found it",[73,137156,94],{"class":93},[73,137158,249],{"class":83},[20,137160,137161,137162,137164,137165,1063],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,137163,124327],{}," is often used with ",[646,137166,137168],{"href":137167},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,137169,42153],{},[64,137171,137173],{"className":66,"code":137172,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,137174,137175,137188,137207,137211],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,137176,137177,137179,137181,137183,137186],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,137178,8387],{"class":216},[73,137180,221],{"class":220},[73,137182,224],{"class":93},[73,137184,137185],{"class":97},"  ALICE  ",[73,137187,230],{"class":93},[73,137189,137190,137193,137195,137197,137199,137201,137203,137205],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,137191,137192],{"class":216},"clean_name ",[73,137194,221],{"class":220},[73,137196,36498],{"class":216},[73,137198,653],{"class":83},[73,137200,9142],{"class":245},[73,137202,9145],{"class":83},[73,137204,9148],{"class":245},[73,137206,9151],{"class":83},[73,137208,137209],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,137210,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,137212,137213,137215,137217,137220,137222],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,137214,80],{"class":79},[73,137216,84],{"class":83},[73,137218,137219],{"class":245},"clean_name",[73,137221,4177],{"class":83},[73,137223,137224],{"class":769},"  # alice\n",[59,137226,16106],{"id":16105},[20,137228,137229,137230,137233],{},"Strings are ",[1194,137231,137232],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,137235,137236,137237,137239],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,137238,124327],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,137241,137242,137243,137245],{},"So this does ",[1194,137244,1196],{}," update the original variable:",[64,137247,137249],{"className":66,"code":137248,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,137250,137251,137263,137273,137277],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,137252,137253,137255,137257,137259,137261],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,137254,217],{"class":216},[73,137256,221],{"class":220},[73,137258,224],{"class":93},[73,137260,136621],{"class":97},[73,137262,230],{"class":93},[73,137264,137265,137267,137269,137271],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,137266,246],{"class":216},[73,137268,653],{"class":83},[73,137270,9148],{"class":245},[73,137272,9151],{"class":83},[73,137274,137275],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,137276,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,137278,137279,137281,137283,137285,137287],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,137280,80],{"class":79},[73,137282,84],{"class":83},[73,137284,246],{"class":245},[73,137286,4177],{"class":83},[73,137288,137289],{"class":769},"  # HELLO\n",[20,137291,137292],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[64,137294,137296],{"className":66,"code":137295,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137297,137298,137310,137324,137328],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,137299,137300,137302,137304,137306,137308],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,137301,217],{"class":216},[73,137303,221],{"class":220},[73,137305,224],{"class":93},[73,137307,136621],{"class":97},[73,137309,230],{"class":93},[73,137311,137312,137314,137316,137318,137320,137322],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,137313,217],{"class":216},[73,137315,221],{"class":220},[73,137317,43335],{"class":216},[73,137319,653],{"class":83},[73,137321,9148],{"class":245},[73,137323,9151],{"class":83},[73,137325,137326],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,137327,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,137329,137330,137332,137334,137336,137338],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,137331,80],{"class":79},[73,137333,84],{"class":83},[73,137335,246],{"class":245},[73,137337,4177],{"class":83},[73,137339,136633],{"class":769},[59,137341,2102],{"id":2101},[403,137343,26197],{"id":26196},[20,137345,137346,137347,11600,137349,653],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,137348,9148],{},[15,137350,124327],{},[20,137352,17154],{},[64,137354,137356],{"className":66,"code":137355,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,137357,137358,137370],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,137359,137360,137362,137364,137366,137368],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,137361,217],{"class":216},[73,137363,221],{"class":220},[73,137365,224],{"class":93},[73,137367,136621],{"class":97},[73,137369,230],{"class":93},[73,137371,137372,137374,137376,137378,137380,137382],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,137373,80],{"class":79},[73,137375,84],{"class":83},[73,137377,246],{"class":245},[73,137379,653],{"class":83},[73,137381,9148],{"class":25260},[73,137383,249],{"class":83},[20,137385,137386],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,137388,17166],{},[64,137390,137392],{"className":66,"code":137391,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137393,137394,137406],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,137395,137396,137398,137400,137402,137404],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,137397,217],{"class":216},[73,137399,221],{"class":220},[73,137401,224],{"class":93},[73,137403,136621],{"class":97},[73,137405,230],{"class":93},[73,137407,137408,137410,137412,137414,137416,137418],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,137409,80],{"class":79},[73,137411,84],{"class":83},[73,137413,246],{"class":245},[73,137415,653],{"class":83},[73,137417,9148],{"class":245},[73,137419,7704],{"class":83},[403,137421,137423],{"id":137422},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,137425,137426],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,137428,17154],{},[64,137430,137432],{"className":66,"code":137431,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,137433,137434,137446,137456],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,137435,137436,137438,137440,137442,137444],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,137437,217],{"class":216},[73,137439,221],{"class":220},[73,137441,224],{"class":93},[73,137443,136621],{"class":97},[73,137445,230],{"class":93},[73,137447,137448,137450,137452,137454],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,137449,246],{"class":216},[73,137451,653],{"class":83},[73,137453,9148],{"class":245},[73,137455,9151],{"class":83},[73,137457,137458,137460,137462,137464,137466],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,137459,80],{"class":79},[73,137461,84],{"class":83},[73,137463,246],{"class":245},[73,137465,4177],{"class":83},[73,137467,137468],{"class":769},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,137470,17166],{},[64,137472,137474],{"className":66,"code":137473,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137475,137476,137488,137502],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,137477,137478,137480,137482,137484,137486],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,137479,217],{"class":216},[73,137481,221],{"class":220},[73,137483,224],{"class":93},[73,137485,136621],{"class":97},[73,137487,230],{"class":93},[73,137489,137490,137492,137494,137496,137498,137500],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,137491,217],{"class":216},[73,137493,221],{"class":220},[73,137495,43335],{"class":216},[73,137497,653],{"class":83},[73,137499,9148],{"class":245},[73,137501,9151],{"class":83},[73,137503,137504,137506,137508,137510,137512],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,137505,80],{"class":79},[73,137507,84],{"class":83},[73,137509,246],{"class":245},[73,137511,4177],{"class":83},[73,137513,136633],{"class":769},[403,137515,657,137517,137519],{"id":137516},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137518,124327],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137521,137522,137524],{},[15,137523,124327],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137526,17154],{},[64,137528,137530],{"className":66,"code":137529,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137531,137532,137540],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,137533,137534,137536,137538],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,137535,235],{"class":216},[73,137537,221],{"class":220},[73,137539,125279],{"class":116},[73,137541,137542,137544,137546,137548,137550,137552],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,137543,80],{"class":79},[73,137545,84],{"class":83},[73,137547,276],{"class":245},[73,137549,653],{"class":83},[73,137551,9148],{"class":245},[73,137553,7704],{"class":83},[20,137555,137556,137557,34107],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137558,124327],{},[20,137560,137561],{},"You can check the type first:",[64,137563,137565],{"className":66,"code":137564,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137566,137567,137579,137583,137597],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,137568,137569,137571,137573,137575,137577],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,137570,217],{"class":216},[73,137572,221],{"class":220},[73,137574,224],{"class":93},[73,137576,136621],{"class":97},[73,137578,230],{"class":93},[73,137580,137581],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,137582,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,137584,137585,137587,137589,137591,137593,137595],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,137586,80],{"class":79},[73,137588,84],{"class":83},[73,137590,288],{"class":87},[73,137592,84],{"class":83},[73,137594,246],{"class":245},[73,137596,102],{"class":83},[73,137598,137599,137601,137603,137605,137607,137609],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,137600,80],{"class":79},[73,137602,84],{"class":83},[73,137604,246],{"class":245},[73,137606,653],{"class":83},[73,137608,9148],{"class":245},[73,137610,7704],{"class":83},[403,137612,137614],{"id":137613},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137616,137617],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[64,137619,137621],{"className":66,"code":137620,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137622,137623,137636,137640,137657,137672,137678],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,137624,137625,137627,137629,137631,137634],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,137626,136840],{"class":216},[73,137628,221],{"class":220},[73,137630,224],{"class":93},[73,137632,137633],{"class":97},"Yes",[73,137635,230],{"class":93},[73,137637,137638],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,137639,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,137641,137642,137644,137647,137649,137651,137653,137655],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,137643,7507],{"class":933},[73,137645,137646],{"class":216}," answer ",[73,137648,5201],{"class":220},[73,137650,224],{"class":93},[73,137652,9166],{"class":97},[73,137654,94],{"class":93},[73,137656,946],{"class":83},[73,137658,137659,137661,137663,137665,137668,137670],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,137660,1676],{"class":79},[73,137662,84],{"class":83},[73,137664,94],{"class":93},[73,137666,137667],{"class":97},"Match",[73,137669,94],{"class":93},[73,137671,249],{"class":83},[73,137673,137674,137676],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,137675,27944],{"class":933},[73,137677,946],{"class":83},[73,137679,137680,137682,137684,137686,137689,137691],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,137681,1676],{"class":79},[73,137683,84],{"class":83},[73,137685,94],{"class":93},[73,137687,137688],{"class":97},"No match",[73,137690,94],{"class":93},[73,137692,249],{"class":83},[20,137694,2374,137695,1647,137698,137701,137702,653],{},[15,137696,137697],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137699,137700],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137703,137688],{},[20,137705,137706],{},"Better:",[64,137708,137710],{"className":66,"code":137709,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137711,137712,137724,137728,137750],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,137713,137714,137716,137718,137720,137722],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,137715,136840],{"class":216},[73,137717,221],{"class":220},[73,137719,224],{"class":93},[73,137721,137633],{"class":97},[73,137723,230],{"class":93},[73,137725,137726],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,137727,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,137729,137730,137732,137734,137736,137738,137740,137742,137744,137746,137748],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,137731,7507],{"class":933},[73,137733,136860],{"class":216},[73,137735,653],{"class":83},[73,137737,9148],{"class":245},[73,137739,1052],{"class":83},[73,137741,6918],{"class":220},[73,137743,224],{"class":93},[73,137745,9166],{"class":97},[73,137747,94],{"class":93},[73,137749,946],{"class":83},[73,137751,137752,137754,137756,137758,137760,137762],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,137753,1676],{"class":79},[73,137755,84],{"class":83},[73,137757,94],{"class":93},[73,137759,137667],{"class":97},[73,137761,94],{"class":93},[73,137763,249],{"class":83},[403,137765,44705,137767,137770],{"id":137766},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137768,137769],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137772,137773,137774,137776],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137775,124327],{}," is enough.",[20,137778,137779,137780,137782,137783,653],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137781,137769],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137784,124327],{},[20,137786,137787,137788,122839],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137789,124327],{},[59,137791,137793,11092,137795],{"id":137792},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137794,124327],{},[15,137796,128475],{},[20,137798,137799,1647,137801,137803],{},[15,137800,124327],{},[15,137802,128475],{}," are very similar.",[33,137805,137806,137811,137816,137819],{},[36,137807,137808,137810],{},[15,137809,124327],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[36,137812,137813,137815],{},[15,137814,128475],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[36,137817,137818],{},"Both return new strings",[36,137820,137821],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137823,206],{},[64,137825,137827],{"className":66,"code":137826,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137828,137829,137841,137845,137861],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,137830,137831,137833,137835,137837,137839],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,137832,217],{"class":216},[73,137834,221],{"class":220},[73,137836,224],{"class":93},[73,137838,129316],{"class":97},[73,137840,230],{"class":93},[73,137842,137843],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,137844,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,137846,137847,137849,137851,137853,137855,137857,137859],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,137848,80],{"class":79},[73,137850,84],{"class":83},[73,137852,246],{"class":245},[73,137854,653],{"class":83},[73,137856,9148],{"class":245},[73,137858,136630],{"class":83},[73,137860,136528],{"class":769},[73,137862,137863,137865,137867,137869,137871,137873,137875],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,137864,80],{"class":79},[73,137866,84],{"class":83},[73,137868,246],{"class":245},[73,137870,653],{"class":83},[73,137872,34985],{"class":245},[73,137874,136630],{"class":83},[73,137876,137877],{"class":769},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137879,137880,137881,653],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[646,137882,126597,137884,11248],{"href":137883},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137885,128475],{},[59,137887,2350],{"id":2349},[403,137889,2354,137891,124924],{"id":137890},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137892,124327],{},[20,137894,137895],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[403,137897,2354,137899,137901],{"id":137898},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137900,124327],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137903,137904,137905,653],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137906,137907],{},"string.lower()",[403,137909,2387,137911,2391],{"id":137910},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137912,124327],{},[20,137914,137915],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[403,137917,28838,137919,137921],{"id":137918},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137920,124327],{}," on user input?",[20,137923,137924,137925,137927],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137926,1174],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[403,137929,5691,137931,1647,137933,3023],{"id":137930},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137932,124327],{},[15,137934,137769],{},[20,137936,137937,137939,137940,137942],{},[15,137938,124327],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137941,137769],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[59,137944,2413],{"id":2412},[33,137946,137947,137951,137957,137963,137969,137973,137977,137983],{},[36,137948,137949],{},[646,137950,51214],{"href":51213},[36,137952,137953],{},[646,137954,126597,137955,11248],{"href":137883},[15,137956,128475],{},[36,137958,137959],{},[646,137960,126597,137961,11248],{"href":137167},[15,137962,42153],{},[36,137964,137965],{},[646,137966,126597,137967,11248],{"href":130178},[15,137968,124768],{},[36,137970,137971],{},[646,137972,124996],{"href":123852},[36,137974,137975],{},[646,137976,90925],{"href":89934},[36,137978,137979],{},[646,137980,13,137981,2422],{"href":1171},[15,137982,1174],{},[36,137984,137985],{},[646,137986,137987],{"href":136568},"What is a string in Python?",[2459,137989,137990],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":137992},[137993,137995,137996,137997,137998,137999,138000,138009,138011,138023],{"id":136538,"depth":105,"text":137994},"What lower() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":11984,"depth":105,"text":11985},{"id":17929,"depth":105,"text":17930},{"id":136987,"depth":105,"text":136988},{"id":16105,"depth":105,"text":16106},{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102,"children":138001},[138002,138003,138004,138006,138007],{"id":26196,"depth":122,"text":26197},{"id":137422,"depth":122,"text":137423},{"id":137516,"depth":122,"text":138005},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137613,"depth":122,"text":137614},{"id":137766,"depth":122,"text":138008},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137792,"depth":105,"text":138010},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":138012},[138013,138015,138017,138019,138021],{"id":137890,"depth":122,"text":138014},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137898,"depth":122,"text":138016},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137910,"depth":122,"text":138018},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137918,"depth":122,"text":138020},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137930,"depth":122,"text":138022},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136455,"description":138024},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":138031,"title":138032,"body":138033,"description":139583,"extension":2511,"meta":139584,"navigation":254,"path":139585,"seo":139586,"stem":139587,"__hash__":139588},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":138034,"toc":139544},[138035,138040,138045,138051,138066,138068,138128,138130,138139,138145,138150,138155,138157,138171,138175,138177,138224,138226,138244,138246,138249,138320,138322,138336,138339,138351,138360,138364,138369,138374,138378,138444,138446,138455,138459,138524,138526,138535,138538,138543,138547,138552,138556,138617,138619,138628,138632,138635,138691,138693,138702,138705,138718,138720,138724,138731,138793,138795,138808,138814,138817,138824,138829,138834,138837,138845,138847,138908,138910,138919,138922,138969,138972,139019,139021,139026,139043,139050,139055,139108,139110,139118,139120,139177,139179,139187,139191,139238,139240,139248,139256,139260,139308,139310,139319,139324,139375,139377,139386,139393,139396,139417,139419,139424,139427,139431,139434,139438,139441,139468,139474,139477,139504,139509,139511,139513,139541],[10,138036,123597,138038,11831],{"id":138037},"python-string-replace-method",[15,138039,124768],{},[20,138041,123602,138042,138044],{},[15,138043,124768],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,138046,138047,138048,138050],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,138049,124768],{},". You will learn:",[33,138052,138053,138057,138060,138063],{},[36,138054,26529,138055,181],{},[15,138056,124768],{},[36,138058,138059],{},"how its syntax works",[36,138061,138062],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[36,138064,138065],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[59,138067,62],{"id":61},[64,138069,138071],{"className":66,"code":138070,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,138072,138073,138086,138118],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138074,138075,138077,138079,138081,138084],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138076,217],{"class":216},[73,138078,221],{"class":220},[73,138080,224],{"class":93},[73,138082,138083],{"class":97},"I like cats",[73,138085,230],{"class":93},[73,138087,138088,138090,138092,138094,138096,138098,138100,138102,138105,138107,138109,138111,138114,138116],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,138089,130436],{"class":216},[73,138091,221],{"class":220},[73,138093,43335],{"class":216},[73,138095,653],{"class":83},[73,138097,35505],{"class":245},[73,138099,84],{"class":83},[73,138101,94],{"class":93},[73,138103,138104],{"class":97},"cats",[73,138106,94],{"class":93},[73,138108,140],{"class":83},[73,138110,224],{"class":93},[73,138112,138113],{"class":97},"dogs",[73,138115,94],{"class":93},[73,138117,249],{"class":83},[73,138119,138120,138122,138124,138126],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,138121,80],{"class":79},[73,138123,84],{"class":83},[73,138125,130467],{"class":245},[73,138127,249],{"class":83},[20,138129,148],{},[64,138131,138133],{"className":66,"code":138132,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"I like dogs\n",[15,138134,138135],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138136,138137],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138138,138132],{"class":216},[20,138140,171,138141,138144],{},[15,138142,138143],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[59,138146,178,138148,181],{"id":138147},"what-replace-does",[15,138149,124768],{},[20,138151,138152,138154],{},[15,138153,124768],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,138156,189],{},[33,138158,138159,138161,138163,138166],{},[36,138160,133845],{},[36,138162,136563],{},[36,138164,138165],{},"It works on exact matches",[36,138167,138168,138169],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,138170,41761],{},[20,138172,125349,138173,653],{},[646,138174,125352],{"href":51213},[59,138176,5944],{"id":5943},[64,138178,138180],{"className":66,"code":138179,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,138181,138182,138202],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138183,138184,138186,138188,138190,138192,138195,138197,138200],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138185,61415],{"class":216},[73,138187,653],{"class":83},[73,138189,35505],{"class":245},[73,138191,84],{"class":83},[73,138193,138194],{"class":245},"old",[73,138196,140],{"class":83},[73,138198,138199],{"class":245}," new",[73,138201,249],{"class":83},[73,138203,138204,138206,138208,138210,138212,138214,138216,138218,138220,138222],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,138205,61415],{"class":216},[73,138207,653],{"class":83},[73,138209,35505],{"class":245},[73,138211,84],{"class":83},[73,138213,138194],{"class":245},[73,138215,140],{"class":83},[73,138217,138199],{"class":245},[73,138219,140],{"class":83},[73,138221,49839],{"class":245},[73,138223,249],{"class":83},[403,138225,17906],{"id":17905},[33,138227,138228,138233,138239],{},[36,138229,138230,138232],{},[15,138231,138194],{}," = the text to find",[36,138234,138235,138238],{},[15,138236,138237],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[36,138240,138241,138243],{},[15,138242,41761],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[59,138245,6299],{"id":6298},[20,138247,138248],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[64,138250,138252],{"className":66,"code":138251,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,138253,138254,138266,138296,138300,138310],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138255,138256,138258,138260,138262,138264],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138257,217],{"class":216},[73,138259,221],{"class":220},[73,138261,224],{"class":93},[73,138263,138083],{"class":97},[73,138265,230],{"class":93},[73,138267,138268,138270,138272,138274,138276,138278,138280,138282,138284,138286,138288,138290,138292,138294],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,138269,130436],{"class":216},[73,138271,221],{"class":220},[73,138273,43335],{"class":216},[73,138275,653],{"class":83},[73,138277,35505],{"class":245},[73,138279,84],{"class":83},[73,138281,94],{"class":93},[73,138283,138104],{"class":97},[73,138285,94],{"class":93},[73,138287,140],{"class":83},[73,138289,224],{"class":93},[73,138291,138113],{"class":97},[73,138293,94],{"class":93},[73,138295,249],{"class":83},[73,138297,138298],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,138299,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,138301,138302,138304,138306,138308],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,138303,80],{"class":79},[73,138305,84],{"class":83},[73,138307,246],{"class":245},[73,138309,249],{"class":83},[73,138311,138312,138314,138316,138318],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,138313,80],{"class":79},[73,138315,84],{"class":83},[73,138317,130467],{"class":245},[73,138319,249],{"class":83},[20,138321,148],{},[64,138323,138325],{"className":66,"code":138324,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,138326,138327,138332],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138328,138329],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138330,138331],{"class":216},"I like cats\n",[73,138333,138334],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,138335,138132],{"class":216},[20,138337,138338],{},"Notice what happened:",[33,138340,138341,138346],{},[36,138342,138343,138345],{},[15,138344,246],{}," did not change",[36,138347,138348,138350],{},[15,138349,130467],{}," contains the updated value",[20,138352,138353,138354,138356,138357,138359],{},"This happens because strings are ",[1194,138355,137232],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,138358,124768],{}," return a new string instead.",[59,138361,138363],{"id":138362},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,138365,89943,138366,138368],{},[15,138367,124768],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,138370,138371,138372,37128],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,138373,41761],{},[403,138375,138377],{"id":138376},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[64,138379,138381],{"className":66,"code":138380,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138382,138383,138396,138430,138434],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138384,138385,138387,138389,138391,138394],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138386,217],{"class":216},[73,138388,221],{"class":220},[73,138390,224],{"class":93},[73,138392,138393],{"class":97},"cat cat cat",[73,138395,230],{"class":93},[73,138397,138398,138400,138402,138404,138406,138408,138410,138412,138414,138416,138418,138420,138422,138424,138426,138428],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,138399,2766],{"class":216},[73,138401,221],{"class":220},[73,138403,43335],{"class":216},[73,138405,653],{"class":83},[73,138407,35505],{"class":245},[73,138409,84],{"class":83},[73,138411,94],{"class":93},[73,138413,37554],{"class":97},[73,138415,94],{"class":93},[73,138417,140],{"class":83},[73,138419,224],{"class":93},[73,138421,58367],{"class":97},[73,138423,94],{"class":93},[73,138425,140],{"class":83},[73,138427,2085],{"class":116},[73,138429,249],{"class":83},[73,138431,138432],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,138433,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,138435,138436,138438,138440,138442],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,138437,80],{"class":79},[73,138439,84],{"class":83},[73,138441,2800],{"class":245},[73,138443,249],{"class":83},[20,138445,148],{},[64,138447,138449],{"className":66,"code":138448,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138450,138451],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138452,138453],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138454,138448],{"class":216},[403,138456,138458],{"id":138457},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[64,138460,138462],{"className":66,"code":138461,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138463,138464,138476,138510,138514],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138465,138466,138468,138470,138472,138474],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138467,217],{"class":216},[73,138469,221],{"class":220},[73,138471,224],{"class":93},[73,138473,138393],{"class":97},[73,138475,230],{"class":93},[73,138477,138478,138480,138482,138484,138486,138488,138490,138492,138494,138496,138498,138500,138502,138504,138506,138508],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,138479,2766],{"class":216},[73,138481,221],{"class":220},[73,138483,43335],{"class":216},[73,138485,653],{"class":83},[73,138487,35505],{"class":245},[73,138489,84],{"class":83},[73,138491,94],{"class":93},[73,138493,37554],{"class":97},[73,138495,94],{"class":93},[73,138497,140],{"class":83},[73,138499,224],{"class":93},[73,138501,58367],{"class":97},[73,138503,94],{"class":93},[73,138505,140],{"class":83},[73,138507,143],{"class":116},[73,138509,249],{"class":83},[73,138511,138512],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,138513,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,138515,138516,138518,138520,138522],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,138517,80],{"class":79},[73,138519,84],{"class":83},[73,138521,2800],{"class":245},[73,138523,249],{"class":83},[20,138525,148],{},[64,138527,138529],{"className":66,"code":138528,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138530,138531],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138532,138533],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138534,138528],{"class":216},[20,138536,138537],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138539,138540,138541,653],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[646,138542,128321],{"href":124765},[59,138544,138546],{"id":138545},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138548,138549,138551],{},[15,138550,124768],{}," can also change single characters.",[403,138553,138555],{"id":138554},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[64,138557,138559],{"className":66,"code":138558,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138560,138561,138573,138603,138607],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138562,138563,138565,138567,138569,138571],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138564,217],{"class":216},[73,138566,221],{"class":220},[73,138568,224],{"class":93},[73,138570,4599],{"class":97},[73,138572,230],{"class":93},[73,138574,138575,138577,138579,138581,138583,138585,138587,138589,138591,138593,138595,138597,138599,138601],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,138576,2766],{"class":216},[73,138578,221],{"class":220},[73,138580,43335],{"class":216},[73,138582,653],{"class":83},[73,138584,35505],{"class":245},[73,138586,84],{"class":83},[73,138588,94],{"class":93},[73,138590,646],{"class":97},[73,138592,94],{"class":93},[73,138594,140],{"class":83},[73,138596,224],{"class":93},[73,138598,60714],{"class":97},[73,138600,94],{"class":93},[73,138602,249],{"class":83},[73,138604,138605],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,138606,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,138608,138609,138611,138613,138615],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,138610,80],{"class":79},[73,138612,84],{"class":83},[73,138614,2800],{"class":245},[73,138616,249],{"class":83},[20,138618,148],{},[64,138620,138622],{"className":66,"code":138621,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"bonono\n",[15,138623,138624],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138625,138626],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138627,138621],{"class":216},[403,138629,138631],{"id":138630},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138633,138634],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[64,138636,138638],{"className":66,"code":138637,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138639,138640,138653,138677,138681],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138641,138642,138644,138646,138648,138651],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138643,217],{"class":216},[73,138645,221],{"class":220},[73,138647,224],{"class":93},[73,138649,138650],{"class":97},"a b c",[73,138652,230],{"class":93},[73,138654,138655,138657,138659,138661,138663,138665,138667,138669,138671,138673,138675],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,138656,2766],{"class":216},[73,138658,221],{"class":220},[73,138660,43335],{"class":216},[73,138662,653],{"class":83},[73,138664,35505],{"class":245},[73,138666,84],{"class":83},[73,138668,94],{"class":93},[73,138670,224],{"class":93},[73,138672,140],{"class":83},[73,138674,912],{"class":93},[73,138676,249],{"class":83},[73,138678,138679],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,138680,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,138682,138683,138685,138687,138689],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,138684,80],{"class":79},[73,138686,84],{"class":83},[73,138688,2800],{"class":245},[73,138690,249],{"class":83},[20,138692,148],{},[64,138694,138696],{"className":66,"code":138695,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"abc\n",[15,138697,138698],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138699,138700],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138701,138695],{"class":216},[20,138703,138704],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138706,138707,138708,138712,138713,138717],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[646,138709,126597,138710,11248],{"href":129284},[15,138711,60772],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[646,138714,126597,138715,11248],{"href":137167},[15,138716,42153],{}," is often a better choice.",[59,138719,124244],{"id":124243},[20,138721,138722,124055],{},[15,138723,124768],{},[20,138725,127642,138726,1647,138728,127649],{},[15,138727,113281],{},[15,138729,138730],{},"\"Cat\"",[64,138732,138734],{"className":66,"code":138733,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138735,138736,138749,138779,138783],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138737,138738,138740,138742,138744,138747],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138739,217],{"class":216},[73,138741,221],{"class":220},[73,138743,224],{"class":93},[73,138745,138746],{"class":97},"Cat cat CAT",[73,138748,230],{"class":93},[73,138750,138751,138753,138755,138757,138759,138761,138763,138765,138767,138769,138771,138773,138775,138777],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,138752,2766],{"class":216},[73,138754,221],{"class":220},[73,138756,43335],{"class":216},[73,138758,653],{"class":83},[73,138760,35505],{"class":245},[73,138762,84],{"class":83},[73,138764,94],{"class":93},[73,138766,37554],{"class":97},[73,138768,94],{"class":93},[73,138770,140],{"class":83},[73,138772,224],{"class":93},[73,138774,58367],{"class":97},[73,138776,94],{"class":93},[73,138778,249],{"class":83},[73,138780,138781],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,138782,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,138784,138785,138787,138789,138791],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,138786,80],{"class":79},[73,138788,84],{"class":83},[73,138790,2800],{"class":245},[73,138792,249],{"class":83},[20,138794,148],{},[64,138796,138798],{"className":66,"code":138797,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138799,138800],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138801,138802,138805],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138803,138804],{"class":216},"Cat dog ",[73,138806,138807],{"class":34960},"CAT\n",[20,138809,138810,138811,138813],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138812,113281],{}," was replaced.",[20,138815,138816],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138818,138819,138820,653],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[646,138821,126597,138822,11248],{"href":124324},[15,138823,124327],{},[59,138825,178,138827,12216],{"id":138826},"what-replace-returns",[15,138828,124768],{},[20,138830,138831,138833],{},[15,138832,124768],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138835,138836],{},"If no match is found:",[33,138838,138839,138842],{},[36,138840,138841],{},"no error happens",[36,138843,138844],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138846,206],{},[64,138848,138850],{"className":66,"code":138849,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138851,138852,138864,138894,138898],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138853,138854,138856,138858,138860,138862],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138855,217],{"class":216},[73,138857,221],{"class":220},[73,138859,224],{"class":93},[73,138861,4357],{"class":97},[73,138863,230],{"class":93},[73,138865,138866,138868,138870,138872,138874,138876,138878,138880,138882,138884,138886,138888,138890,138892],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,138867,2766],{"class":216},[73,138869,221],{"class":220},[73,138871,43335],{"class":216},[73,138873,653],{"class":83},[73,138875,35505],{"class":245},[73,138877,84],{"class":83},[73,138879,94],{"class":93},[73,138881,384],{"class":97},[73,138883,94],{"class":93},[73,138885,140],{"class":83},[73,138887,224],{"class":93},[73,138889,12256],{"class":97},[73,138891,94],{"class":93},[73,138893,249],{"class":83},[73,138895,138896],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,138897,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,138899,138900,138902,138904,138906],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,138901,80],{"class":79},[73,138903,84],{"class":83},[73,138905,2800],{"class":245},[73,138907,249],{"class":83},[20,138909,148],{},[64,138911,138913],{"className":66,"code":138912,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"hello\n",[15,138914,138915],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138916,138917],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138918,138912],{"class":216},[20,138920,138921],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[64,138923,138925],{"className":66,"code":138924,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138926,138927,138939],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138928,138929,138931,138933,138935,138937],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138930,217],{"class":216},[73,138932,221],{"class":220},[73,138934,224],{"class":93},[73,138936,60647],{"class":97},[73,138938,230],{"class":93},[73,138940,138941,138943,138945,138947,138949,138951,138953,138955,138957,138959,138961,138963,138965,138967],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,138942,130436],{"class":216},[73,138944,221],{"class":220},[73,138946,43335],{"class":216},[73,138948,653],{"class":83},[73,138950,35505],{"class":245},[73,138952,84],{"class":83},[73,138954,94],{"class":93},[73,138956,60832],{"class":97},[73,138958,94],{"class":93},[73,138960,140],{"class":83},[73,138962,224],{"class":93},[73,138964,7807],{"class":97},[73,138966,94],{"class":93},[73,138968,249],{"class":83},[20,138970,138971],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[64,138973,138975],{"className":66,"code":138974,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138976,138977,138989],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,138978,138979,138981,138983,138985,138987],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,138980,217],{"class":216},[73,138982,221],{"class":220},[73,138984,224],{"class":93},[73,138986,60647],{"class":97},[73,138988,230],{"class":93},[73,138990,138991,138993,138995,138997,138999,139001,139003,139005,139007,139009,139011,139013,139015,139017],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,138992,217],{"class":216},[73,138994,221],{"class":220},[73,138996,43335],{"class":216},[73,138998,653],{"class":83},[73,139000,35505],{"class":245},[73,139002,84],{"class":83},[73,139004,94],{"class":93},[73,139006,60832],{"class":97},[73,139008,94],{"class":93},[73,139010,140],{"class":83},[73,139012,224],{"class":93},[73,139014,7807],{"class":97},[73,139016,94],{"class":93},[73,139018,249],{"class":83},[59,139020,5031],{"id":5030},[20,139022,139023,139024,1063],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,139025,124768],{},[33,139027,139028,139031,139035,139038],{},[36,139029,139030],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[36,139032,2300,139033,131817],{},[15,139034,124768],{},[36,139036,139037],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[36,139039,37711,139040,139042],{},[15,139041,124768],{}," with regex-based replacements",[403,139044,139046,139047,139049],{"id":139045},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,139048,124768],{}," without assigning the result",[20,139051,139052,139053,1063],{},"This does not update ",[15,139054,246],{},[64,139056,139058],{"className":66,"code":139057,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,139059,139060,139072,139098],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139061,139062,139064,139066,139068,139070],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139063,217],{"class":216},[73,139065,221],{"class":220},[73,139067,224],{"class":93},[73,139069,138083],{"class":97},[73,139071,230],{"class":93},[73,139073,139074,139076,139078,139080,139082,139084,139086,139088,139090,139092,139094,139096],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,139075,246],{"class":216},[73,139077,653],{"class":83},[73,139079,35505],{"class":245},[73,139081,84],{"class":83},[73,139083,94],{"class":93},[73,139085,138104],{"class":97},[73,139087,94],{"class":93},[73,139089,140],{"class":83},[73,139091,224],{"class":93},[73,139093,138113],{"class":97},[73,139095,94],{"class":93},[73,139097,249],{"class":83},[73,139099,139100,139102,139104,139106],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,139101,80],{"class":79},[73,139103,84],{"class":83},[73,139105,246],{"class":245},[73,139107,249],{"class":83},[20,139109,148],{},[64,139111,139112],{"className":66,"code":138331,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,139113,139114],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139115,139116],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139117,138331],{"class":216},[20,139119,11315],{},[64,139121,139123],{"className":66,"code":139122,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,139124,139125,139137,139167],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139126,139127,139129,139131,139133,139135],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139128,217],{"class":216},[73,139130,221],{"class":220},[73,139132,224],{"class":93},[73,139134,138083],{"class":97},[73,139136,230],{"class":93},[73,139138,139139,139141,139143,139145,139147,139149,139151,139153,139155,139157,139159,139161,139163,139165],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,139140,217],{"class":216},[73,139142,221],{"class":220},[73,139144,43335],{"class":216},[73,139146,653],{"class":83},[73,139148,35505],{"class":245},[73,139150,84],{"class":83},[73,139152,94],{"class":93},[73,139154,138104],{"class":97},[73,139156,94],{"class":93},[73,139158,140],{"class":83},[73,139160,224],{"class":93},[73,139162,138113],{"class":97},[73,139164,94],{"class":93},[73,139166,249],{"class":83},[73,139168,139169,139171,139173,139175],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,139170,80],{"class":79},[73,139172,84],{"class":83},[73,139174,246],{"class":245},[73,139176,249],{"class":83},[20,139178,148],{},[64,139180,139181],{"className":66,"code":138132,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,139182,139183],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139184,139185],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139186,138132],{"class":216},[403,139188,139190],{"id":139189},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[64,139192,139194],{"className":66,"code":139193,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,139195,139196,139208],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139197,139198,139200,139202,139204,139206],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139199,217],{"class":216},[73,139201,221],{"class":220},[73,139203,224],{"class":93},[73,139205,35373],{"class":97},[73,139207,230],{"class":93},[73,139209,139210,139212,139214,139216,139218,139220,139222,139224,139226,139228,139230,139232,139234,139236],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,139211,80],{"class":79},[73,139213,84],{"class":83},[73,139215,246],{"class":245},[73,139217,653],{"class":83},[73,139219,35505],{"class":245},[73,139221,84],{"class":83},[73,139223,94],{"class":93},[73,139225,4357],{"class":97},[73,139227,94],{"class":93},[73,139229,140],{"class":83},[73,139231,224],{"class":93},[73,139233,90178],{"class":97},[73,139235,94],{"class":93},[73,139237,102],{"class":83},[20,139239,148],{},[64,139241,139242],{"className":66,"code":89191,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,139243,139244],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139245,139246],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139247,89191],{"class":216},[20,139249,139250,139251,1647,139253,139255],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,139252,64776],{},[15,139254,90660],{}," are not the same.",[403,139257,139259],{"id":139258},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[64,139261,139263],{"className":66,"code":139262,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,139264,139265,139278],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139266,139267,139269,139271,139273,139276],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139268,217],{"class":216},[73,139270,221],{"class":220},[73,139272,224],{"class":93},[73,139274,139275],{"class":97},"red red red",[73,139277,230],{"class":93},[73,139279,139280,139282,139284,139286,139288,139290,139292,139294,139296,139298,139300,139302,139304,139306],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,139281,80],{"class":79},[73,139283,84],{"class":83},[73,139285,246],{"class":245},[73,139287,653],{"class":83},[73,139289,35505],{"class":245},[73,139291,84],{"class":83},[73,139293,94],{"class":93},[73,139295,13603],{"class":97},[73,139297,94],{"class":93},[73,139299,140],{"class":83},[73,139301,224],{"class":93},[73,139303,13620],{"class":97},[73,139305,94],{"class":93},[73,139307,102],{"class":83},[20,139309,148],{},[64,139311,139313],{"className":66,"code":139312,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"blue blue blue\n",[15,139314,139315],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139316,139317],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139318,139312],{"class":216},[20,139320,139321,139322,1063],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,139323,41761],{},[64,139325,139327],{"className":66,"code":139326,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,139328,139329,139341],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139330,139331,139333,139335,139337,139339],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139332,217],{"class":216},[73,139334,221],{"class":220},[73,139336,224],{"class":93},[73,139338,139275],{"class":97},[73,139340,230],{"class":93},[73,139342,139343,139345,139347,139349,139351,139353,139355,139357,139359,139361,139363,139365,139367,139369,139371,139373],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,139344,80],{"class":79},[73,139346,84],{"class":83},[73,139348,246],{"class":245},[73,139350,653],{"class":83},[73,139352,35505],{"class":245},[73,139354,84],{"class":83},[73,139356,94],{"class":93},[73,139358,13603],{"class":97},[73,139360,94],{"class":93},[73,139362,140],{"class":83},[73,139364,224],{"class":93},[73,139366,13620],{"class":97},[73,139368,94],{"class":93},[73,139370,140],{"class":83},[73,139372,2085],{"class":116},[73,139374,102],{"class":83},[20,139376,148],{},[64,139378,139380],{"className":66,"code":139379,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"blue red red\n",[15,139381,139382],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139383,139384],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139385,139379],{"class":216},[403,139387,139389,139390,139392],{"id":139388},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,139391,124768],{}," for the wrong task",[20,139394,139395],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[33,139397,139398,139405,139412],{},[36,139399,171,139400,139404],{},[646,139401,139402],{"href":129284},[15,139403,60772],{}," to break a string into a list",[36,139406,171,139407,139411],{},[646,139408,139409],{"href":137167},[15,139410,42153],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[36,139413,171,139414,139416],{},[15,139415,124768],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[59,139418,2350],{"id":2349},[403,139420,2354,139422,124924],{"id":139421},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,139423,124768],{},[20,139425,139426],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[403,139428,139430],{"id":139429},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,139432,139433],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[403,139435,139437],{"id":139436},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,139439,139440],{},"Use the third argument:",[64,139442,139444],{"className":66,"code":139443,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139445,139446],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139447,139448,139450,139452,139454,139456,139458,139460,139462,139464,139466],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139449,246],{"class":216},[73,139451,653],{"class":83},[73,139453,35505],{"class":245},[73,139455,84],{"class":83},[73,139457,138194],{"class":245},[73,139459,140],{"class":83},[73,139461,138199],{"class":245},[73,139463,140],{"class":83},[73,139465,2085],{"class":116},[73,139467,249],{"class":83},[403,139469,5681,139471,139473],{"id":139470},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139472,124768],{}," remove text?",[20,139475,139476],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[64,139478,139480],{"className":66,"code":139479,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139481,139482],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139483,139484,139486,139488,139490,139492,139494,139496,139498,139500,139502],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139485,246],{"class":216},[73,139487,653],{"class":83},[73,139489,35505],{"class":245},[73,139491,84],{"class":83},[73,139493,94],{"class":93},[73,139495,384],{"class":97},[73,139497,94],{"class":93},[73,139499,140],{"class":83},[73,139501,912],{"class":93},[73,139503,249],{"class":83},[403,139505,15412,139507,124933],{"id":139506},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139508,124768],{},[20,139510,130126],{},[59,139512,2413],{"id":2412},[33,139514,139515,139519,139525,139531,139537],{},[36,139516,139517],{},[646,139518,125003],{"href":124765},[36,139520,139521],{},[646,139522,126597,139523,11248],{"href":129284},[15,139524,60772],{},[36,139526,139527],{},[646,139528,126597,139529,11248],{"href":137167},[15,139530,42153],{},[36,139532,139533],{},[646,139534,126597,139535,11248],{"href":124324},[15,139536,124327],{},[36,139538,139539],{},[646,139540,125352],{"href":51213},[2459,139542,139543],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":139545},[139546,139547,139549,139552,139553,139557,139561,139562,139564,139572,139582],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":138147,"depth":105,"text":139548},"What replace() does",{"id":5943,"depth":105,"text":5944,"children":139550},[139551],{"id":17905,"depth":122,"text":17906},{"id":6298,"depth":105,"text":6299},{"id":138362,"depth":105,"text":138363,"children":139554},[139555,139556],{"id":138376,"depth":122,"text":138377},{"id":138457,"depth":122,"text":138458},{"id":138545,"depth":105,"text":138546,"children":139558},[139559,139560],{"id":138554,"depth":122,"text":138555},{"id":138630,"depth":122,"text":138631},{"id":124243,"depth":105,"text":124244},{"id":138826,"depth":105,"text":139563},"What replace() returns",{"id":5030,"depth":105,"text":5031,"children":139565},[139566,139568,139569,139570],{"id":139045,"depth":122,"text":139567},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":139189,"depth":122,"text":139190},{"id":139258,"depth":122,"text":139259},{"id":139388,"depth":122,"text":139571},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":139573},[139574,139576,139577,139578,139580],{"id":139421,"depth":122,"text":139575},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139429,"depth":122,"text":139430},{"id":139436,"depth":122,"text":139437},{"id":139470,"depth":122,"text":139579},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139506,"depth":122,"text":139581},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":138032,"description":139583},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139590,"title":139591,"body":139592,"description":141611,"extension":2511,"meta":141612,"navigation":254,"path":141613,"seo":141614,"stem":141615,"__hash__":141616},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139593,"toc":141575},[139594,139599,139604,139607,139618,139620,139675,139680,139685,139692,139694,139709,139711,139767,139769,139807,139812,139814,139838,139841,139854,139859,139861,139893,139895,139928,139934,139939,139942,139952,139955,139957,140013,140015,140065,140068,140076,140079,140135,140137,140210,140223,140231,140235,140246,140249,140252,140305,140307,140339,140342,140396,140398,140433,140436,140441,140446,140451,140454,140456,140514,140516,140550,140552,140567,140570,140572,140614,140616,140642,140647,140655,140658,140660,140742,140744,140795,140798,140809,140817,140819,140892,140894,140912,140916,140919,140923,140950,140952,140960,140964,140999,141001,141014,141018,141021,141060,141062,141079,141084,141089,141100,141103,141114,141116,141118,141144,141147,141196,141198,141215,141218,141220,141272,141274,141306,141309,141367,141372,141374,141379,141482,141484,141498,141500,141507,141512,141517,141522,141527,141532,141535,141539,141544,141546,141572],[10,139595,123597,139597,11831],{"id":139596},"python-string-split-method",[15,139598,60772],{},[20,139600,123602,139601,139603],{},[15,139602,60772],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139605,139606],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[33,139608,139609,139612,139615],{},[36,139610,139611],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[36,139613,139614],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[36,139616,139617],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[59,139619,62],{"id":61},[64,139621,139623],{"className":66,"code":139622,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139624,139625,139638,139660,139670],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139626,139627,139629,139631,139633,139636],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139628,217],{"class":216},[73,139630,221],{"class":220},[73,139632,224],{"class":93},[73,139634,139635],{"class":97},"apple,banana,cherry",[73,139637,230],{"class":93},[73,139639,139640,139642,139644,139646,139648,139650,139652,139654,139656,139658],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,139641,43330],{"class":216},[73,139643,221],{"class":220},[73,139645,43335],{"class":216},[73,139647,653],{"class":83},[73,139649,34976],{"class":245},[73,139651,84],{"class":83},[73,139653,94],{"class":93},[73,139655,140],{"class":97},[73,139657,94],{"class":93},[73,139659,249],{"class":83},[73,139661,139662,139664,139666,139668],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,139663,80],{"class":79},[73,139665,84],{"class":83},[73,139667,43362],{"class":245},[73,139669,249],{"class":83},[73,139671,139672],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,139673,139674],{"class":769},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139676,171,139677,139679],{},[15,139678,60772],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[59,139681,178,139683,181],{"id":139682},"what-split-does",[15,139684,60772],{},[20,139686,139687,132645,139689,653],{},[15,139688,60772],{},[1194,139690,139691],{},"string method",[20,139693,49164],{},[33,139695,139696,139699,139704],{},[36,139697,139698],{},"divides a string into parts",[36,139700,119899,139701],{},[1194,139702,139703],{},"new list of strings",[36,139705,119905,139706,139708],{},[1194,139707,1196],{}," change the original string",[20,139710,206],{},[64,139712,139714],{"className":66,"code":139713,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139715,139716,139729,139743,139747,139757],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139717,139718,139720,139722,139724,139727],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139719,217],{"class":216},[73,139721,221],{"class":220},[73,139723,224],{"class":93},[73,139725,139726],{"class":97},"red blue green",[73,139728,230],{"class":93},[73,139730,139731,139733,139735,139737,139739,139741],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,139732,43330],{"class":216},[73,139734,221],{"class":220},[73,139736,43335],{"class":216},[73,139738,653],{"class":83},[73,139740,34976],{"class":245},[73,139742,9151],{"class":83},[73,139744,139745],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,139746,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,139748,139749,139751,139753,139755],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,139750,80],{"class":79},[73,139752,84],{"class":83},[73,139754,246],{"class":245},[73,139756,249],{"class":83},[73,139758,139759,139761,139763,139765],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,139760,80],{"class":79},[73,139762,84],{"class":83},[73,139764,43362],{"class":245},[73,139766,249],{"class":83},[20,139768,148],{},[64,139770,139772],{"className":66,"code":139771,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139773,139774,139779],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139775,139776],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139777,139778],{"class":216},"red blue green\n",[73,139780,139781,139783,139785,139787,139789,139791,139793,139795,139797,139799,139801,139803,139805],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,139782,4410],{"class":83},[73,139784,343],{"class":93},[73,139786,13603],{"class":97},[73,139788,343],{"class":93},[73,139790,140],{"class":83},[73,139792,337],{"class":93},[73,139794,13620],{"class":97},[73,139796,343],{"class":93},[73,139798,140],{"class":83},[73,139800,337],{"class":93},[73,139802,17967],{"class":97},[73,139804,343],{"class":93},[73,139806,924],{"class":83},[20,139808,139809,139810,653],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[646,139811,125352],{"href":51213},[59,139813,370],{"id":369},[64,139815,139817],{"className":66,"code":139816,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139818,139819],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139820,139821,139823,139825,139827,139829,139831,139833,139836],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139822,61415],{"class":216},[73,139824,653],{"class":83},[73,139826,34976],{"class":245},[73,139828,84],{"class":83},[73,139830,134001],{"class":245},[73,139832,140],{"class":83},[73,139834,139835],{"class":245}," maxsplit",[73,139837,249],{"class":83},[20,139839,139840],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[33,139842,139843,139848],{},[36,139844,139845,139847],{},[15,139846,134001],{}," tells Python where to split",[36,139849,139850,139853],{},[15,139851,139852],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139855,9384,139856,139858],{},[15,139857,134001],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139860,206],{},[64,139862,139864],{"className":66,"code":139863,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139865,139866,139879],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139867,139868,139870,139872,139874,139877],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139869,217],{"class":216},[73,139871,221],{"class":220},[73,139873,224],{"class":93},[73,139875,139876],{"class":97},"one two three",[73,139878,230],{"class":93},[73,139880,139881,139883,139885,139887,139889,139891],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,139882,80],{"class":79},[73,139884,84],{"class":83},[73,139886,246],{"class":245},[73,139888,653],{"class":83},[73,139890,34976],{"class":245},[73,139892,7704],{"class":83},[20,139894,148],{},[64,139896,139898],{"className":66,"code":139897,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139899,139900],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139901,139902,139904,139906,139908,139910,139912,139914,139916,139918,139920,139922,139924,139926],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139903,4410],{"class":83},[73,139905,343],{"class":93},[73,139907,7094],{"class":97},[73,139909,343],{"class":93},[73,139911,140],{"class":83},[73,139913,337],{"class":93},[73,139915,79513],{"class":97},[73,139917,343],{"class":93},[73,139919,140],{"class":83},[73,139921,337],{"class":93},[73,139923,134483],{"class":97},[73,139925,343],{"class":93},[73,139927,924],{"class":83},[59,139929,657,139931,139933],{"id":139930},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139932,60772],{}," with no separator",[20,139935,70416,139936,139938],{},[15,139937,60772],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139940,139941],{},"Whitespace includes:",[33,139943,139944,139946,139949],{},[36,139945,10958],{},[36,139947,139948],{},"tabs",[36,139950,139951],{},"new lines",[20,139953,139954],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139956,206],{},[64,139958,139960],{"className":66,"code":139959,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139961,139962,139985,139999,140003],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,139963,139964,139966,139968,139970,139973,139976,139978,139980,139983],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,139965,217],{"class":216},[73,139967,221],{"class":220},[73,139969,224],{"class":93},[73,139971,139972],{"class":97},"Python   is",[73,139974,139975],{"class":34960},"\\t",[73,139977,133737],{"class":97},[73,139979,87395],{"class":34960},[73,139981,139982],{"class":97},"and useful",[73,139984,230],{"class":93},[73,139986,139987,139989,139991,139993,139995,139997],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,139988,43330],{"class":216},[73,139990,221],{"class":220},[73,139992,43335],{"class":216},[73,139994,653],{"class":83},[73,139996,34976],{"class":245},[73,139998,9151],{"class":83},[73,140000,140001],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,140002,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,140004,140005,140007,140009,140011],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,140006,80],{"class":79},[73,140008,84],{"class":83},[73,140010,43362],{"class":245},[73,140012,249],{"class":83},[20,140014,148],{},[64,140016,140018],{"className":66,"code":140017,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,140019,140020],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,140021,140022,140024,140026,140028,140030,140032,140034,140036,140038,140040,140042,140044,140046,140048,140050,140052,140054,140056,140058,140061,140063],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,140023,4410],{"class":83},[73,140025,343],{"class":93},[73,140027,7807],{"class":97},[73,140029,343],{"class":93},[73,140031,140],{"class":83},[73,140033,337],{"class":93},[73,140035,12705],{"class":97},[73,140037,343],{"class":93},[73,140039,140],{"class":83},[73,140041,337],{"class":93},[73,140043,133737],{"class":97},[73,140045,343],{"class":93},[73,140047,140],{"class":83},[73,140049,337],{"class":93},[73,140051,130362],{"class":97},[73,140053,343],{"class":93},[73,140055,140],{"class":83},[73,140057,337],{"class":93},[73,140059,140060],{"class":97},"useful",[73,140062,343],{"class":93},[73,140064,924],{"class":83},[20,140066,140067],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[403,140069,140071,11092,140073],{"id":140070},"split-vs-split",[15,140072,60772],{},[15,140074,140075],{},"split(' ')",[20,140077,140078],{},"These are not the same.",[64,140080,140082],{"className":66,"code":140081,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,140083,140084,140097,140101,140115],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,140085,140086,140088,140090,140092,140095],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,140087,217],{"class":216},[73,140089,221],{"class":220},[73,140091,224],{"class":93},[73,140093,140094],{"class":97},"a  b   c",[73,140096,230],{"class":93},[73,140098,140099],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,140100,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,140102,140103,140105,140107,140109,140111,140113],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,140104,80],{"class":79},[73,140106,84],{"class":83},[73,140108,246],{"class":245},[73,140110,653],{"class":83},[73,140112,34976],{"class":245},[73,140114,7704],{"class":83},[73,140116,140117,140119,140121,140123,140125,140127,140129,140131,140133],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,140118,80],{"class":79},[73,140120,84],{"class":83},[73,140122,246],{"class":245},[73,140124,653],{"class":83},[73,140126,34976],{"class":245},[73,140128,84],{"class":83},[73,140130,94],{"class":93},[73,140132,224],{"class":93},[73,140134,102],{"class":83},[20,140136,148],{},[64,140138,140140],{"className":66,"code":140139,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,140141,140142,140170],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,140143,140144,140146,140148,140150,140152,140154,140156,140158,140160,140162,140164,140166,140168],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,140145,4410],{"class":83},[73,140147,343],{"class":93},[73,140149,646],{"class":97},[73,140151,343],{"class":93},[73,140153,140],{"class":83},[73,140155,337],{"class":93},[73,140157,5274],{"class":97},[73,140159,343],{"class":93},[73,140161,140],{"class":83},[73,140163,337],{"class":93},[73,140165,10245],{"class":97},[73,140167,343],{"class":93},[73,140169,924],{"class":83},[73,140171,140172,140174,140176,140178,140180,140182,140184,140186,140188,140190,140192,140194,140196,140198,140200,140202,140204,140206,140208],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,140173,4410],{"class":83},[73,140175,343],{"class":93},[73,140177,646],{"class":97},[73,140179,343],{"class":93},[73,140181,140],{"class":83},[73,140183,4350],{"class":93},[73,140185,140],{"class":83},[73,140187,337],{"class":93},[73,140189,5274],{"class":97},[73,140191,343],{"class":93},[73,140193,140],{"class":83},[73,140195,4350],{"class":93},[73,140197,140],{"class":83},[73,140199,4350],{"class":93},[73,140201,140],{"class":83},[73,140203,337],{"class":93},[73,140205,10245],{"class":97},[73,140207,343],{"class":93},[73,140209,924],{"class":83},[33,140211,140212,140217],{},[36,140213,140214,140216],{},[15,140215,60772],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[36,140218,140219,140222],{},[15,140220,140221],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,140224,140225,140226,140230],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[646,140227,126597,140228,11248],{"href":137167},[15,140229,42153],{}," is often useful.",[59,140232,140234],{"id":140233},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,140236,140237,140238,2728,140241,2731,140243,653],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,140239,140240],{},"\",\"",[15,140242,133836],{},[15,140244,140245],{},"\"::\"",[20,140247,140248],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,140250,140251],{},"Example with commas:",[64,140253,140255],{"className":66,"code":140254,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140256,140257,140269,140291,140295],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,140258,140259,140261,140263,140265,140267],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,140260,217],{"class":216},[73,140262,221],{"class":220},[73,140264,224],{"class":93},[73,140266,139635],{"class":97},[73,140268,230],{"class":93},[73,140270,140271,140273,140275,140277,140279,140281,140283,140285,140287,140289],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,140272,43330],{"class":216},[73,140274,221],{"class":220},[73,140276,43335],{"class":216},[73,140278,653],{"class":83},[73,140280,34976],{"class":245},[73,140282,84],{"class":83},[73,140284,94],{"class":93},[73,140286,140],{"class":97},[73,140288,94],{"class":93},[73,140290,249],{"class":83},[73,140292,140293],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,140294,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,140296,140297,140299,140301,140303],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,140298,80],{"class":79},[73,140300,84],{"class":83},[73,140302,43362],{"class":245},[73,140304,249],{"class":83},[20,140306,148],{},[64,140308,140309],{"className":66,"code":78692,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,140310,140311],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,140312,140313,140315,140317,140319,140321,140323,140325,140327,140329,140331,140333,140335,140337],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,140314,4410],{"class":83},[73,140316,343],{"class":93},[73,140318,4590],{"class":97},[73,140320,343],{"class":93},[73,140322,140],{"class":83},[73,140324,337],{"class":93},[73,140326,4599],{"class":97},[73,140328,343],{"class":93},[73,140330,140],{"class":83},[73,140332,337],{"class":93},[73,140334,4608],{"class":97},[73,140336,343],{"class":93},[73,140338,924],{"class":83},[20,140340,140341],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[64,140343,140345],{"className":66,"code":140344,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140346,140347,140360,140382,140386],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,140348,140349,140351,140353,140355,140358],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,140350,217],{"class":216},[73,140352,221],{"class":220},[73,140354,224],{"class":93},[73,140356,140357],{"class":97},"2024::10::31",[73,140359,230],{"class":93},[73,140361,140362,140364,140366,140368,140370,140372,140374,140376,140378,140380],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,140363,43330],{"class":216},[73,140365,221],{"class":220},[73,140367,43335],{"class":216},[73,140369,653],{"class":83},[73,140371,34976],{"class":245},[73,140373,84],{"class":83},[73,140375,94],{"class":93},[73,140377,76909],{"class":97},[73,140379,94],{"class":93},[73,140381,249],{"class":83},[73,140383,140384],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,140385,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,140387,140388,140390,140392,140394],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,140389,80],{"class":79},[73,140391,84],{"class":83},[73,140393,43362],{"class":245},[73,140395,249],{"class":83},[20,140397,148],{},[64,140399,140401],{"className":66,"code":140400,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,140402,140403],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,140404,140405,140407,140409,140412,140414,140416,140418,140420,140422,140424,140426,140429,140431],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,140406,4410],{"class":83},[73,140408,343],{"class":93},[73,140410,140411],{"class":97},"2024",[73,140413,343],{"class":93},[73,140415,140],{"class":83},[73,140417,337],{"class":93},[73,140419,452],{"class":97},[73,140421,343],{"class":93},[73,140423,140],{"class":83},[73,140425,337],{"class":93},[73,140427,140428],{"class":97},"31",[73,140430,343],{"class":93},[73,140432,924],{"class":83},[20,140434,140435],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,140437,140438,140439,653],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[646,140440,129281],{"href":129280},[59,140442,657,140444],{"id":140443},"using-maxsplit",[15,140445,139852],{},[20,140447,140448,140450],{},[15,140449,139852],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,140452,140453],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,140455,206],{},[64,140457,140459],{"className":66,"code":140458,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140460,140461,140474,140500,140504],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,140462,140463,140465,140467,140469,140472],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,140464,217],{"class":216},[73,140466,221],{"class":220},[73,140468,224],{"class":93},[73,140470,140471],{"class":97},"name:age:city:country",[73,140473,230],{"class":93},[73,140475,140476,140478,140480,140482,140484,140486,140488,140490,140492,140494,140496,140498],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,140477,43330],{"class":216},[73,140479,221],{"class":220},[73,140481,43335],{"class":216},[73,140483,653],{"class":83},[73,140485,34976],{"class":245},[73,140487,84],{"class":83},[73,140489,94],{"class":93},[73,140491,1063],{"class":97},[73,140493,94],{"class":93},[73,140495,140],{"class":83},[73,140497,143],{"class":116},[73,140499,249],{"class":83},[73,140501,140502],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,140503,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,140505,140506,140508,140510,140512],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,140507,80],{"class":79},[73,140509,84],{"class":83},[73,140511,43362],{"class":245},[73,140513,249],{"class":83},[20,140515,148],{},[64,140517,140519],{"className":66,"code":140518,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140520,140521],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,140522,140523,140525,140527,140529,140531,140533,140535,140537,140539,140541,140543,140546,140548],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,140524,4410],{"class":83},[73,140526,343],{"class":93},[73,140528,8177],{"class":97},[73,140530,343],{"class":93},[73,140532,140],{"class":83},[73,140534,337],{"class":93},[73,140536,9804],{"class":97},[73,140538,343],{"class":93},[73,140540,140],{"class":83},[73,140542,337],{"class":93},[73,140544,140545],{"class":97},"city:country",[73,140547,343],{"class":93},[73,140549,924],{"class":83},[20,140551,2718],{},[33,140553,140554,140559,140564],{},[36,140555,140556,140557],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140558,1063],{},[36,140560,140561,140562],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140563,1063],{},[36,140565,140566],{},"then stops",[20,140568,140569],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140571,52318],{},[64,140573,140575],{"className":66,"code":140574,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140576,140577,140590],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,140578,140579,140581,140583,140585,140588],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,140580,217],{"class":216},[73,140582,221],{"class":220},[73,140584,224],{"class":93},[73,140586,140587],{"class":97},"apple banana cherry grape",[73,140589,230],{"class":93},[73,140591,140592,140594,140596,140598,140600,140602,140604,140606,140608,140610,140612],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,140593,80],{"class":79},[73,140595,84],{"class":83},[73,140597,246],{"class":245},[73,140599,653],{"class":83},[73,140601,34976],{"class":245},[73,140603,84],{"class":83},[73,140605,94],{"class":93},[73,140607,224],{"class":93},[73,140609,140],{"class":83},[73,140611,2085],{"class":116},[73,140613,102],{"class":83},[20,140615,148],{},[64,140617,140619],{"className":66,"code":140618,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140620,140621],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,140622,140623,140625,140627,140629,140631,140633,140635,140638,140640],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,140624,4410],{"class":83},[73,140626,343],{"class":93},[73,140628,4590],{"class":97},[73,140630,343],{"class":93},[73,140632,140],{"class":83},[73,140634,337],{"class":93},[73,140636,140637],{"class":97},"banana cherry grape",[73,140639,343],{"class":93},[73,140641,924],{"class":83},[59,140643,178,140645,12216],{"id":140644},"what-split-returns",[15,140646,60772],{},[20,140648,140649,140650,140652,140653,653],{},"The result of ",[15,140651,60772],{}," is always a ",[1194,140654,8604],{},[20,140656,140657],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140659,206],{},[64,140661,140663],{"className":66,"code":140662,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140664,140665,140678,140700,140704,140714,140728],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,140666,140667,140669,140671,140673,140676],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,140668,217],{"class":216},[73,140670,221],{"class":220},[73,140672,224],{"class":93},[73,140674,140675],{"class":97},"cat,dog,bird",[73,140677,230],{"class":93},[73,140679,140680,140682,140684,140686,140688,140690,140692,140694,140696,140698],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,140681,43330],{"class":216},[73,140683,221],{"class":220},[73,140685,43335],{"class":216},[73,140687,653],{"class":83},[73,140689,34976],{"class":245},[73,140691,84],{"class":83},[73,140693,94],{"class":93},[73,140695,140],{"class":97},[73,140697,94],{"class":93},[73,140699,249],{"class":83},[73,140701,140702],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,140703,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,140705,140706,140708,140710,140712],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,140707,80],{"class":79},[73,140709,84],{"class":83},[73,140711,43362],{"class":245},[73,140713,249],{"class":83},[73,140715,140716,140718,140720,140722,140724,140726],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,140717,80],{"class":79},[73,140719,84],{"class":83},[73,140721,288],{"class":87},[73,140723,84],{"class":83},[73,140725,43362],{"class":245},[73,140727,102],{"class":83},[73,140729,140730,140732,140734,140736,140738,140740],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,140731,80],{"class":79},[73,140733,84],{"class":83},[73,140735,43362],{"class":245},[73,140737,4410],{"class":83},[73,140739,806],{"class":116},[73,140741,4398],{"class":83},[20,140743,148],{},[64,140745,140747],{"className":66,"code":140746,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140748,140749,140777,140791],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,140750,140751,140753,140755,140757,140759,140761,140763,140765,140767,140769,140771,140773,140775],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,140752,4410],{"class":83},[73,140754,343],{"class":93},[73,140756,37554],{"class":97},[73,140758,343],{"class":93},[73,140760,140],{"class":83},[73,140762,337],{"class":93},[73,140764,58367],{"class":97},[73,140766,343],{"class":93},[73,140768,140],{"class":83},[73,140770,337],{"class":93},[73,140772,58384],{"class":97},[73,140774,343],{"class":93},[73,140776,924],{"class":83},[73,140778,140779,140781,140783,140785,140787,140789],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,140780,330],{"class":220},[73,140782,334],{"class":333},[73,140784,337],{"class":93},[73,140786,8604],{"class":97},[73,140788,343],{"class":93},[73,140790,346],{"class":220},[73,140792,140793],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,140794,85711],{"class":216},[20,140796,140797],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[33,140799,140800,140803,140806],{},[36,140801,140802],{},"loop over it",[36,140804,140805],{},"access items by index",[36,140807,140808],{},"combine items again later",[20,140810,140811,140812,653],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[646,140813,126597,140815,11248],{"href":140814},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140816,133679],{},[20,140818,206],{},[64,140820,140822],{"className":66,"code":140821,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140823,140824,140856,140878,140882],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,140825,140826,140828,140830,140832,140834,140836,140838,140840,140842,140844,140846,140848,140850,140852,140854],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,140827,43330],{"class":216},[73,140829,221],{"class":220},[73,140831,891],{"class":83},[73,140833,343],{"class":93},[73,140835,37554],{"class":97},[73,140837,343],{"class":93},[73,140839,140],{"class":83},[73,140841,337],{"class":93},[73,140843,58367],{"class":97},[73,140845,343],{"class":93},[73,140847,140],{"class":83},[73,140849,337],{"class":93},[73,140851,58384],{"class":97},[73,140853,343],{"class":93},[73,140855,924],{"class":83},[73,140857,140858,140860,140862,140864,140866,140868,140870,140872,140874,140876],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,140859,217],{"class":216},[73,140861,221],{"class":220},[73,140863,224],{"class":93},[73,140865,746],{"class":97},[73,140867,94],{"class":93},[73,140869,653],{"class":83},[73,140871,133756],{"class":245},[73,140873,84],{"class":83},[73,140875,43362],{"class":245},[73,140877,249],{"class":83},[73,140879,140880],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,140881,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,140883,140884,140886,140888,140890],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,140885,80],{"class":79},[73,140887,84],{"class":83},[73,140889,246],{"class":245},[73,140891,249],{"class":83},[20,140893,148],{},[64,140895,140897],{"className":66,"code":140896,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140898,140899],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,140900,140901,140903,140905,140907,140909],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,140902,37554],{"class":216},[73,140904,746],{"class":220},[73,140906,58367],{"class":216},[73,140908,746],{"class":220},[73,140910,140911],{"class":216},"bird\n",[59,140913,140915],{"id":140914},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140917,140918],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[403,140920,140922],{"id":140921},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[64,140924,140926],{"className":66,"code":140925,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140927,140928,140936],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,140929,140930,140932,140934],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,140931,217],{"class":216},[73,140933,221],{"class":220},[73,140935,8392],{"class":93},[73,140937,140938,140940,140942,140944,140946,140948],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,140939,80],{"class":79},[73,140941,84],{"class":83},[73,140943,246],{"class":245},[73,140945,653],{"class":83},[73,140947,34976],{"class":245},[73,140949,7704],{"class":83},[20,140951,148],{},[64,140953,140954],{"className":66,"code":38804,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,140955,140956],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,140957,140958],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,140959,38804],{"class":83},[403,140961,140963],{"id":140962},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[64,140965,140967],{"className":66,"code":140966,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140968,140969,140977],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,140970,140971,140973,140975],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,140972,217],{"class":216},[73,140974,221],{"class":220},[73,140976,8392],{"class":93},[73,140978,140979,140981,140983,140985,140987,140989,140991,140993,140995,140997],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,140980,80],{"class":79},[73,140982,84],{"class":83},[73,140984,246],{"class":245},[73,140986,653],{"class":83},[73,140988,34976],{"class":245},[73,140990,84],{"class":83},[73,140992,94],{"class":93},[73,140994,140],{"class":97},[73,140996,94],{"class":93},[73,140998,102],{"class":83},[20,141000,148],{},[64,141002,141004],{"className":66,"code":141003,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['']\n",[15,141005,141006],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,141007,141008,141010,141012],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,141009,4410],{"class":83},[73,141011,1107],{"class":93},[73,141013,924],{"class":83},[403,141015,141017],{"id":141016},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,141019,141020],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[64,141022,141024],{"className":66,"code":141023,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,141025,141026,141038],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,141027,141028,141030,141032,141034,141036],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,141029,217],{"class":216},[73,141031,221],{"class":220},[73,141033,224],{"class":93},[73,141035,4357],{"class":97},[73,141037,230],{"class":93},[73,141039,141040,141042,141044,141046,141048,141050,141052,141054,141056,141058],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,141041,80],{"class":79},[73,141043,84],{"class":83},[73,141045,246],{"class":245},[73,141047,653],{"class":83},[73,141049,34976],{"class":245},[73,141051,84],{"class":83},[73,141053,94],{"class":93},[73,141055,140],{"class":97},[73,141057,94],{"class":93},[73,141059,102],{"class":83},[20,141061,148],{},[64,141063,141065],{"className":66,"code":141064,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"['hello']\n",[15,141066,141067],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,141068,141069,141071,141073,141075,141077],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,141070,4410],{"class":83},[73,141072,343],{"class":93},[73,141074,4357],{"class":97},[73,141076,343],{"class":93},[73,141078,924],{"class":83},[59,141080,1999,141082],{"id":141081},"when-to-use-split",[15,141083,60772],{},[20,141085,171,141086,141088],{},[15,141087,60772],{}," when you need to:",[33,141090,141091,141094,141097],{},[36,141092,141093],{},"split a sentence into words",[36,141095,141096],{},"split comma-separated values",[36,141098,141099],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,141101,141102],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[33,141104,141105,141108,141111],{},[36,141106,141107],{},"cleaning text",[36,141109,141110],{},"parsing user input",[36,141112,141113],{},"processing simple file content",[59,141115,2102],{"id":2101},[20,141117,84482],{},[33,141119,141120,141124,141130,141133,141141],{},[36,141121,50743,141122,131817],{},[15,141123,60772],{},[36,141125,141126,141127,141129],{},"forgetting that ",[15,141128,60772],{}," returns a list, not a string",[36,141131,141132],{},"using the wrong separator",[36,141134,141135,141136,141138,141139],{},"assuming ",[15,141137,140075],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,141140,60772],{},[36,141142,141143],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,141145,141146],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[64,141148,141150],{"className":66,"code":141149,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,141151,141152,141164,141182,141186],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,141153,141154,141156,141158,141160,141162],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,141155,217],{"class":216},[73,141157,221],{"class":220},[73,141159,224],{"class":93},[73,141161,43323],{"class":97},[73,141163,230],{"class":93},[73,141165,141166,141168,141170,141172,141174,141176,141178,141180],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,141167,246],{"class":216},[73,141169,653],{"class":83},[73,141171,34976],{"class":245},[73,141173,84],{"class":83},[73,141175,94],{"class":93},[73,141177,140],{"class":97},[73,141179,94],{"class":93},[73,141181,249],{"class":83},[73,141183,141184],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,141185,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,141187,141188,141190,141192,141194],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,141189,80],{"class":79},[73,141191,84],{"class":83},[73,141193,246],{"class":245},[73,141195,249],{"class":83},[20,141197,148],{},[64,141199,141201],{"className":66,"code":141200,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a,b,c\n",[15,141202,141203],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,141204,141205,141207,141209,141211,141213],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,141206,646],{"class":216},[73,141208,140],{"class":83},[73,141210,5274],{"class":216},[73,141212,140],{"class":83},[73,141214,69488],{"class":216},[20,141216,141217],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,141219,11315],{},[64,141221,141222],{"className":66,"code":43310,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,141223,141224,141236,141258,141262],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,141225,141226,141228,141230,141232,141234],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,141227,217],{"class":216},[73,141229,221],{"class":220},[73,141231,224],{"class":93},[73,141233,43323],{"class":97},[73,141235,230],{"class":93},[73,141237,141238,141240,141242,141244,141246,141248,141250,141252,141254,141256],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,141239,43330],{"class":216},[73,141241,221],{"class":220},[73,141243,43335],{"class":216},[73,141245,653],{"class":83},[73,141247,34976],{"class":245},[73,141249,84],{"class":83},[73,141251,94],{"class":93},[73,141253,140],{"class":97},[73,141255,94],{"class":93},[73,141257,249],{"class":83},[73,141259,141260],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,141261,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,141263,141264,141266,141268,141270],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,141265,80],{"class":79},[73,141267,84],{"class":83},[73,141269,43362],{"class":245},[73,141271,249],{"class":83},[20,141273,148],{},[64,141275,141276],{"className":66,"code":43369,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,141277,141278],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,141279,141280,141282,141284,141286,141288,141290,141292,141294,141296,141298,141300,141302,141304],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,141281,4410],{"class":83},[73,141283,343],{"class":93},[73,141285,646],{"class":97},[73,141287,343],{"class":93},[73,141289,140],{"class":83},[73,141291,337],{"class":93},[73,141293,5274],{"class":97},[73,141295,343],{"class":93},[73,141297,140],{"class":83},[73,141299,337],{"class":93},[73,141301,10245],{"class":97},[73,141303,343],{"class":93},[73,141305,924],{"class":83},[20,141307,141308],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[64,141310,141312],{"className":66,"code":141311,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,141313,141314,141327,141349,141353],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,141315,141316,141318,141320,141322,141325],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,141317,217],{"class":216},[73,141319,221],{"class":220},[73,141321,224],{"class":93},[73,141323,141324],{"class":97},"apple,banana",[73,141326,230],{"class":93},[73,141328,141329,141331,141333,141335,141337,141339,141341,141343,141345,141347],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,141330,43330],{"class":216},[73,141332,221],{"class":220},[73,141334,43335],{"class":216},[73,141336,653],{"class":83},[73,141338,34976],{"class":245},[73,141340,84],{"class":83},[73,141342,94],{"class":93},[73,141344,140],{"class":97},[73,141346,94],{"class":93},[73,141348,249],{"class":83},[73,141350,141351],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,141352,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,141354,141355,141357,141359,141361,141363,141365],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,141356,80],{"class":79},[73,141358,84],{"class":83},[73,141360,43362],{"class":245},[73,141362,4410],{"class":83},[73,141364,530],{"class":116},[73,141366,4398],{"class":83},[20,141368,141369,141370,653],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[646,141371,69501],{"href":69500},[403,141373,60951],{"id":60950},[20,141375,9384,141376,141378],{},[15,141377,60772],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[64,141380,141382],{"className":66,"code":141381,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,141383,141384,141394,141408,141430,141456],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,141385,141386,141388,141390,141392],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,141387,80],{"class":79},[73,141389,84],{"class":83},[73,141391,246],{"class":245},[73,141393,249],{"class":83},[73,141395,141396,141398,141400,141402,141404,141406],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,141397,80],{"class":79},[73,141399,84],{"class":83},[73,141401,246],{"class":245},[73,141403,653],{"class":83},[73,141405,34976],{"class":245},[73,141407,7704],{"class":83},[73,141409,141410,141412,141414,141416,141418,141420,141422,141424,141426,141428],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,141411,80],{"class":79},[73,141413,84],{"class":83},[73,141415,246],{"class":245},[73,141417,653],{"class":83},[73,141419,34976],{"class":245},[73,141421,84],{"class":83},[73,141423,343],{"class":93},[73,141425,140],{"class":97},[73,141427,343],{"class":93},[73,141429,102],{"class":83},[73,141431,141432,141434,141436,141438,141440,141442,141444,141446,141448,141450,141452,141454],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,141433,80],{"class":79},[73,141435,84],{"class":83},[73,141437,11670],{"class":79},[73,141439,84],{"class":83},[73,141441,246],{"class":245},[73,141443,653],{"class":83},[73,141445,34976],{"class":245},[73,141447,84],{"class":83},[73,141449,343],{"class":93},[73,141451,140],{"class":97},[73,141453,343],{"class":93},[73,141455,1784],{"class":83},[73,141457,141458,141460,141462,141464,141466,141468,141470,141472,141474,141476,141478,141480],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,141459,80],{"class":79},[73,141461,84],{"class":83},[73,141463,288],{"class":87},[73,141465,84],{"class":83},[73,141467,246],{"class":245},[73,141469,653],{"class":83},[73,141471,34976],{"class":245},[73,141473,84],{"class":83},[73,141475,343],{"class":93},[73,141477,140],{"class":97},[73,141479,343],{"class":93},[73,141481,1784],{"class":83},[20,141483,11679],{},[33,141485,141486,141489,141492,141495],{},[36,141487,141488],{},"what the original string looks like",[36,141490,141491],{},"which separator works",[36,141493,141494],{},"how many items were created",[36,141496,141497],{},"that the result is a list",[59,141499,2350],{"id":2349},[403,141501,5691,141503,1647,141505,3023],{"id":141502},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141504,60772],{},[15,141506,140075],{},[20,141508,141509,141511],{},[15,141510,60772],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141513,141514,141516],{},[15,141515,140075],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[403,141518,2354,141520,124924],{"id":141519},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141521,60772],{},[20,141523,141524,141525,56718],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141526,60772],{},[403,141528,2387,141530,40467],{"id":141529},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141531,139852],{},[20,141533,141534],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[403,141536,141538],{"id":141537},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141540,2374,141541,141543],{},[15,141542,60772],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[59,141545,2413],{"id":2412},[33,141547,141548,141552,141558,141564,141568],{},[36,141549,141550],{},[646,141551,130202],{"href":129280},[36,141553,141554],{},[646,141555,126597,141556,11248],{"href":140814},[15,141557,133679],{},[36,141559,141560],{},[646,141561,126597,141562,11248],{"href":137167},[15,141563,42153],{},[36,141565,141566],{},[646,141567,125352],{"href":51213},[36,141569,141570],{},[646,141571,69501],{"href":69500},[2459,141573,141574],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":141576},[141577,141578,141580,141581,141586,141587,141589,141591,141596,141598,141601,141610],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":139682,"depth":105,"text":141579},"What split() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":139930,"depth":105,"text":141582,"children":141583},"Using split() with no separator",[141584],{"id":140070,"depth":122,"text":141585},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":140233,"depth":105,"text":140234},{"id":140443,"depth":105,"text":141588},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140644,"depth":105,"text":141590},"What split() returns",{"id":140914,"depth":105,"text":140915,"children":141592},[141593,141594,141595],{"id":140921,"depth":122,"text":140922},{"id":140962,"depth":122,"text":140963},{"id":141016,"depth":122,"text":141017},{"id":141081,"depth":105,"text":141597},"When to use split()",{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102,"children":141599},[141600],{"id":60950,"depth":122,"text":60951},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":141602},[141603,141605,141607,141609],{"id":141502,"depth":122,"text":141604},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141519,"depth":122,"text":141606},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141529,"depth":122,"text":141608},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141537,"depth":122,"text":141538},{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139591,"description":141611},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141618,"title":141619,"body":141620,"description":143563,"extension":2511,"meta":143564,"navigation":254,"path":143565,"seo":143566,"stem":143567,"__hash__":143568},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141621,"toc":143522},[141622,141627,141632,141639,141712,141717,141722,141727,141743,141745,141815,141817,141819,141839,141841,141886,141891,141893,141991,141996,142000,142005,142009,142012,142054,142058,142061,142106,142110,142113,142163,142167,142172,142224,142226,142231,142242,142247,142327,142329,142341,142350,142357,142372,142374,142489,142495,142499,142502,142507,142649,142652,142659,142661,142665,142673,142742,142748,142797,142802,142807,142809,142829,142831,142897,142899,142903,142906,142910,142951,142953,142986,142991,142994,143021,143023,143066,143073,143078,143088,143154,143158,143166,143171,143222,143226,143229,143231,143240,143242,143292,143294,143401,143403,143408,143415,143421,143424,143455,143460,143462,143469,143477,143486,143489,143491,143519],[10,141623,123597,141625,11831],{"id":141624},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141626,127965],{},[20,141628,123602,141629,141631],{},[15,141630,127965],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141633,126663,141634,3408,141636,141638],{},[15,141635,430],{},[15,141637,1367],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[64,141640,141642],{"className":66,"code":141641,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141643,141644,141657,141661,141686],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,141645,141646,141648,141650,141652,141655],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,141647,217],{"class":216},[73,141649,221],{"class":220},[73,141651,224],{"class":93},[73,141653,141654],{"class":97},"Python Beginner Help",[73,141656,230],{"class":93},[73,141658,141659],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,141660,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,141662,141663,141665,141667,141669,141671,141674,141676,141678,141680,141682,141684],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,141664,80],{"class":79},[73,141666,84],{"class":83},[73,141668,246],{"class":245},[73,141670,653],{"class":83},[73,141672,141673],{"class":245},"startswith",[73,141675,84],{"class":83},[73,141677,94],{"class":93},[73,141679,7807],{"class":97},[73,141681,94],{"class":93},[73,141683,5874],{"class":83},[73,141685,44347],{"class":769},[73,141687,141688,141690,141692,141694,141696,141698,141700,141702,141705,141707,141709],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,141689,80],{"class":79},[73,141691,84],{"class":83},[73,141693,246],{"class":245},[73,141695,653],{"class":83},[73,141697,141673],{"class":245},[73,141699,84],{"class":83},[73,141701,94],{"class":93},[73,141703,141704],{"class":97},"Beginner",[73,141706,94],{"class":93},[73,141708,5874],{"class":83},[73,141710,141711],{"class":769}," # False\n",[20,141713,171,141714,141716],{},[15,141715,127965],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[59,141718,178,141720,181],{"id":141719},"what-startswith-does",[15,141721,127965],{},[20,141723,141724,141726],{},[15,141725,127965],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[33,141728,141729,141732,141738,141740],{},[36,141730,141731],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[36,141733,2394,141734,3408,141736],{},[15,141735,430],{},[15,141737,1367],{},[36,141739,123740],{},[36,141741,141742],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141744,206],{},[64,141746,141748],{"className":66,"code":141747,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141749,141750,141762,141766,141791],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,141751,141752,141754,141756,141758,141760],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,141753,8387],{"class":216},[73,141755,221],{"class":220},[73,141757,224],{"class":93},[73,141759,7807],{"class":97},[73,141761,230],{"class":93},[73,141763,141764],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,141765,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,141767,141768,141770,141772,141774,141776,141778,141780,141782,141785,141787,141789],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,141769,80],{"class":79},[73,141771,84],{"class":83},[73,141773,8177],{"class":245},[73,141775,653],{"class":83},[73,141777,141673],{"class":245},[73,141779,84],{"class":83},[73,141781,94],{"class":93},[73,141783,141784],{"class":97},"Py",[73,141786,94],{"class":93},[73,141788,5874],{"class":83},[73,141790,44347],{"class":769},[73,141792,141793,141795,141797,141799,141801,141803,141805,141807,141809,141811,141813],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,141794,80],{"class":79},[73,141796,84],{"class":83},[73,141798,8177],{"class":245},[73,141800,653],{"class":83},[73,141802,141673],{"class":245},[73,141804,84],{"class":83},[73,141806,94],{"class":93},[73,141808,129043],{"class":97},[73,141810,94],{"class":93},[73,141812,5874],{"class":83},[73,141814,44364],{"class":769},[59,141816,370],{"id":369},[20,141818,42879],{},[64,141820,141822],{"className":66,"code":141821,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141823,141824],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,141825,141826,141828,141830,141832,141834,141837],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,141827,61415],{"class":216},[73,141829,653],{"class":83},[73,141831,141673],{"class":245},[73,141833,84],{"class":83},[73,141835,141836],{"class":245},"prefix",[73,141838,249],{"class":83},[20,141840,31270],{},[64,141842,141844],{"className":66,"code":141843,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141845,141846,141864],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,141847,141848,141850,141852,141854,141856,141858,141860,141862],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,141849,61415],{"class":216},[73,141851,653],{"class":83},[73,141853,141673],{"class":245},[73,141855,84],{"class":83},[73,141857,141836],{"class":245},[73,141859,140],{"class":83},[73,141861,36558],{"class":245},[73,141863,249],{"class":83},[73,141865,141866,141868,141870,141872,141874,141876,141878,141880,141882,141884],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,141867,61415],{"class":216},[73,141869,653],{"class":83},[73,141871,141673],{"class":245},[73,141873,84],{"class":83},[73,141875,141836],{"class":245},[73,141877,140],{"class":83},[73,141879,36558],{"class":245},[73,141881,140],{"class":83},[73,141883,65282],{"class":245},[73,141885,249],{"class":83},[20,141887,21283,141888,141890],{},[15,141889,141836],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141892,206],{},[64,141894,141896],{"className":66,"code":141895,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141897,141898,141910,141914,141939,141963],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,141899,141900,141902,141904,141906,141908],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,141901,217],{"class":216},[73,141903,221],{"class":220},[73,141905,224],{"class":93},[73,141907,60647],{"class":97},[73,141909,230],{"class":93},[73,141911,141912],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,141913,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,141915,141916,141918,141920,141922,141924,141926,141928,141930,141932,141934,141936],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,141917,80],{"class":79},[73,141919,84],{"class":83},[73,141921,246],{"class":245},[73,141923,653],{"class":83},[73,141925,141673],{"class":245},[73,141927,84],{"class":83},[73,141929,94],{"class":93},[73,141931,4357],{"class":97},[73,141933,94],{"class":93},[73,141935,5874],{"class":83},[73,141937,141938],{"class":769},"      # True\n",[73,141940,141941,141943,141945,141947,141949,141951,141953,141955,141957,141959,141961],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,141942,80],{"class":79},[73,141944,84],{"class":83},[73,141946,246],{"class":245},[73,141948,653],{"class":83},[73,141950,141673],{"class":245},[73,141952,84],{"class":83},[73,141954,94],{"class":93},[73,141956,60832],{"class":97},[73,141958,94],{"class":93},[73,141960,5874],{"class":83},[73,141962,21713],{"class":769},[73,141964,141965,141967,141969,141971,141973,141975,141977,141979,141981,141983,141985,141987,141989],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,141966,80],{"class":79},[73,141968,84],{"class":83},[73,141970,246],{"class":245},[73,141972,653],{"class":83},[73,141974,141673],{"class":245},[73,141976,84],{"class":83},[73,141978,94],{"class":93},[73,141980,60832],{"class":97},[73,141982,94],{"class":93},[73,141984,140],{"class":83},[73,141986,38150],{"class":116},[73,141988,5874],{"class":83},[73,141990,44347],{"class":769},[20,141992,141993,141994,653],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[646,141995,125352],{"href":51213},[59,141997,141999],{"id":141998},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,142001,142002,142004],{},[15,142003,127965],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[403,142006,142007],{"id":141836},[15,142008,141836],{},[20,142010,142011],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[64,142013,142015],{"className":66,"code":142014,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,142016,142017,142029],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,142018,142019,142021,142023,142025,142027],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,142020,217],{"class":216},[73,142022,221],{"class":220},[73,142024,224],{"class":93},[73,142026,4599],{"class":97},[73,142028,230],{"class":93},[73,142030,142031,142033,142035,142037,142039,142041,142043,142045,142048,142050,142052],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,142032,80],{"class":79},[73,142034,84],{"class":83},[73,142036,246],{"class":245},[73,142038,653],{"class":83},[73,142040,141673],{"class":245},[73,142042,84],{"class":83},[73,142044,94],{"class":93},[73,142046,142047],{"class":97},"ban",[73,142049,94],{"class":93},[73,142051,5874],{"class":83},[73,142053,4180],{"class":769},[403,142055,142056],{"id":36579},[15,142057,36579],{},[20,142059,142060],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[64,142062,142064],{"className":66,"code":142063,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,142065,142066,142078],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,142067,142068,142070,142072,142074,142076],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,142069,217],{"class":216},[73,142071,221],{"class":220},[73,142073,224],{"class":93},[73,142075,60647],{"class":97},[73,142077,230],{"class":93},[73,142079,142080,142082,142084,142086,142088,142090,142092,142094,142096,142098,142100,142102,142104],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,142081,80],{"class":79},[73,142083,84],{"class":83},[73,142085,246],{"class":245},[73,142087,653],{"class":83},[73,142089,141673],{"class":245},[73,142091,84],{"class":83},[73,142093,94],{"class":93},[73,142095,60832],{"class":97},[73,142097,94],{"class":93},[73,142099,140],{"class":83},[73,142101,38150],{"class":116},[73,142103,5874],{"class":83},[73,142105,4180],{"class":769},[403,142107,142108],{"id":52899},[15,142109,52899],{},[20,142111,142112],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[64,142114,142116],{"className":66,"code":142115,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,142117,142118,142130],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,142119,142120,142122,142124,142126,142128],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,142121,217],{"class":216},[73,142123,221],{"class":220},[73,142125,224],{"class":93},[73,142127,60647],{"class":97},[73,142129,230],{"class":93},[73,142131,142132,142134,142136,142138,142140,142142,142144,142146,142149,142151,142153,142155,142157,142159,142161],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,142133,80],{"class":79},[73,142135,84],{"class":83},[73,142137,246],{"class":245},[73,142139,653],{"class":83},[73,142141,141673],{"class":245},[73,142143,84],{"class":83},[73,142145,94],{"class":93},[73,142147,142148],{"class":97},"wor",[73,142150,94],{"class":93},[73,142152,140],{"class":83},[73,142154,38150],{"class":116},[73,142156,140],{"class":83},[73,142158,54375],{"class":116},[73,142160,5874],{"class":83},[73,142162,4180],{"class":769},[403,142164,142166],{"id":142165},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,142168,142169,142171],{},[15,142170,141836],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[64,142173,142175],{"className":66,"code":142174,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,142176,142177,142190],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,142178,142179,142181,142183,142185,142188],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,142180,126680],{"class":216},[73,142182,221],{"class":220},[73,142184,224],{"class":93},[73,142186,142187],{"class":97},"img_001.png",[73,142189,230],{"class":93},[73,142191,142192,142194,142196,142198,142200,142202,142204,142206,142209,142211,142213,142215,142218,142220,142222],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,142193,80],{"class":79},[73,142195,84],{"class":83},[73,142197,126698],{"class":245},[73,142199,653],{"class":83},[73,142201,141673],{"class":245},[73,142203,6023],{"class":83},[73,142205,94],{"class":93},[73,142207,142208],{"class":97},"img_",[73,142210,94],{"class":93},[73,142212,140],{"class":83},[73,142214,224],{"class":93},[73,142216,142217],{"class":97},"photo_",[73,142219,94],{"class":93},[73,142221,51329],{"class":83},[73,142223,4180],{"class":769},[59,142225,17930],{"id":17929},[20,142227,142228,142230],{},[15,142229,127965],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[33,142232,142233,142238],{},[36,142234,142235,142237],{},[15,142236,430],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[36,142239,142240,127282],{},[15,142241,1367],{},[20,142243,142244,142245,7682],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,142246,7507],{},[64,142248,142250],{"className":66,"code":142249,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,142251,142252,142266,142270,142291,142306,142312],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,142253,142254,142257,142259,142261,142264],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,142255,142256],{"class":216},"command ",[73,142258,221],{"class":220},[73,142260,224],{"class":93},[73,142262,142263],{"class":97},"\u002Fhelp",[73,142265,230],{"class":93},[73,142267,142268],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,142269,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,142271,142272,142274,142277,142279,142281,142283,142285,142287,142289],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,142273,7507],{"class":933},[73,142275,142276],{"class":216}," command",[73,142278,653],{"class":83},[73,142280,141673],{"class":245},[73,142282,84],{"class":83},[73,142284,94],{"class":93},[73,142286,127489],{"class":97},[73,142288,94],{"class":93},[73,142290,8851],{"class":83},[73,142292,142293,142295,142297,142299,142302,142304],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,142294,1676],{"class":79},[73,142296,84],{"class":83},[73,142298,94],{"class":93},[73,142300,142301],{"class":97},"This looks like a command.",[73,142303,94],{"class":93},[73,142305,249],{"class":83},[73,142307,142308,142310],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,142309,27944],{"class":933},[73,142311,946],{"class":83},[73,142313,142314,142316,142318,142320,142323,142325],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,142315,1676],{"class":79},[73,142317,84],{"class":83},[73,142319,94],{"class":93},[73,142321,142322],{"class":97},"This is normal text.",[73,142324,94],{"class":93},[73,142326,249],{"class":83},[20,142328,148],{},[64,142330,142332],{"className":66,"code":142331,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,142333,142334],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,142335,142336,142339],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,142337,142338],{"class":216},"This looks like a command",[73,142340,122629],{"class":83},[59,142342,657,142344,9213,142346,1647,142348],{"id":142343},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,142345,127965],{},[15,142347,36579],{},[15,142349,52899],{},[20,142351,1580,142352,1647,142354,142356],{},[15,142353,36579],{},[15,142355,52899],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[33,142358,142359,142364,142369],{},[36,142360,142361,142363],{},[15,142362,36579],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[36,142365,142366,142368],{},[15,142367,52899],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[36,142370,142371],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,142373,206],{},[64,142375,142377],{"className":66,"code":142376,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,142378,142379,142391,142395,142424,142457],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,142380,142381,142383,142385,142387,142389],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,142382,217],{"class":216},[73,142384,221],{"class":220},[73,142386,224],{"class":93},[73,142388,139876],{"class":97},[73,142390,230],{"class":93},[73,142392,142393],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,142394,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,142396,142397,142399,142401,142403,142405,142407,142409,142411,142413,142415,142417,142419,142421],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,142398,80],{"class":79},[73,142400,84],{"class":83},[73,142402,246],{"class":245},[73,142404,653],{"class":83},[73,142406,141673],{"class":245},[73,142408,84],{"class":83},[73,142410,94],{"class":93},[73,142412,79513],{"class":97},[73,142414,94],{"class":93},[73,142416,140],{"class":83},[73,142418,2988],{"class":116},[73,142420,5874],{"class":83},[73,142422,142423],{"class":769},"        # True\n",[73,142425,142426,142428,142430,142432,142434,142436,142438,142440,142442,142444,142446,142448,142450,142453,142455],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,142427,80],{"class":79},[73,142429,84],{"class":83},[73,142431,246],{"class":245},[73,142433,653],{"class":83},[73,142435,141673],{"class":245},[73,142437,84],{"class":83},[73,142439,94],{"class":93},[73,142441,134483],{"class":97},[73,142443,94],{"class":93},[73,142445,140],{"class":83},[73,142447,594],{"class":116},[73,142449,140],{"class":83},[73,142451,142452],{"class":116}," 13",[73,142454,5874],{"class":83},[73,142456,4180],{"class":769},[73,142458,142459,142461,142463,142465,142467,142469,142471,142473,142475,142477,142479,142481,142483,142485,142487],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,142460,80],{"class":79},[73,142462,84],{"class":83},[73,142464,246],{"class":245},[73,142466,653],{"class":83},[73,142468,141673],{"class":245},[73,142470,84],{"class":83},[73,142472,94],{"class":93},[73,142474,134483],{"class":97},[73,142476,94],{"class":93},[73,142478,140],{"class":83},[73,142480,594],{"class":116},[73,142482,140],{"class":83},[73,142484,31449],{"class":116},[73,142486,5874],{"class":83},[73,142488,5285],{"class":769},[20,142490,142491,142492,142494],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142493,52899],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[59,142496,142498],{"id":142497},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142500,142501],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142503,142504,142505,49585],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142506,41342],{},[64,142508,142510],{"className":66,"code":142509,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142511,142512,142526,142540,142554,142558,142582,142586,142607,142628],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,142513,142514,142517,142519,142521,142524],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,142515,142516],{"class":216},"filename1 ",[73,142518,221],{"class":220},[73,142520,224],{"class":93},[73,142522,142523],{"class":97},"img_101.jpg",[73,142525,230],{"class":93},[73,142527,142528,142531,142533,142535,142538],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,142529,142530],{"class":216},"filename2 ",[73,142532,221],{"class":220},[73,142534,224],{"class":93},[73,142536,142537],{"class":97},"photo_202.jpg",[73,142539,230],{"class":93},[73,142541,142542,142545,142547,142549,142552],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,142543,142544],{"class":216},"filename3 ",[73,142546,221],{"class":220},[73,142548,224],{"class":93},[73,142550,142551],{"class":97},"doc_303.jpg",[73,142553,230],{"class":93},[73,142555,142556],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,142557,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,142559,142560,142562,142564,142566,142568,142570,142572,142574,142576,142578,142580],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,142561,127892],{"class":216},[73,142563,221],{"class":220},[73,142565,9742],{"class":83},[73,142567,94],{"class":93},[73,142569,142208],{"class":97},[73,142571,94],{"class":93},[73,142573,140],{"class":83},[73,142575,224],{"class":93},[73,142577,142217],{"class":97},[73,142579,94],{"class":93},[73,142581,249],{"class":83},[73,142583,142584],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,142585,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,142587,142588,142590,142592,142595,142597,142599,142601,142603,142605],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,142589,80],{"class":79},[73,142591,84],{"class":83},[73,142593,142594],{"class":245},"filename1",[73,142596,653],{"class":83},[73,142598,141673],{"class":245},[73,142600,84],{"class":83},[73,142602,127944],{"class":245},[73,142604,5874],{"class":83},[73,142606,4180],{"class":769},[73,142608,142609,142611,142613,142616,142618,142620,142622,142624,142626],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,142610,80],{"class":79},[73,142612,84],{"class":83},[73,142614,142615],{"class":245},"filename2",[73,142617,653],{"class":83},[73,142619,141673],{"class":245},[73,142621,84],{"class":83},[73,142623,127944],{"class":245},[73,142625,5874],{"class":83},[73,142627,4180],{"class":769},[73,142629,142630,142632,142634,142637,142639,142641,142643,142645,142647],{"class":75,"line":6940},[73,142631,80],{"class":79},[73,142633,84],{"class":83},[73,142635,142636],{"class":245},"filename3",[73,142638,653],{"class":83},[73,142640,141673],{"class":245},[73,142642,84],{"class":83},[73,142644,127944],{"class":245},[73,142646,5874],{"class":83},[73,142648,5285],{"class":769},[20,142650,142651],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142653,75014,142654,142658],{},[646,142655,126597,142656,11248],{"href":130191},[15,142657,126655],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[59,142660,124244],{"id":124243},[20,142662,142663,124055],{},[15,142664,127965],{},[20,142666,127642,142667,1647,142670,127649],{},[15,142668,142669],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142671,142672],{},"\"python\"",[64,142674,142676],{"className":66,"code":142675,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142677,142678,142690,142694,142718],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,142679,142680,142682,142684,142686,142688],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,142681,217],{"class":216},[73,142683,221],{"class":220},[73,142685,224],{"class":93},[73,142687,7807],{"class":97},[73,142689,230],{"class":93},[73,142691,142692],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,142693,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,142695,142696,142698,142700,142702,142704,142706,142708,142710,142712,142714,142716],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,142697,80],{"class":79},[73,142699,84],{"class":83},[73,142701,246],{"class":245},[73,142703,653],{"class":83},[73,142705,141673],{"class":245},[73,142707,84],{"class":83},[73,142709,94],{"class":93},[73,142711,141784],{"class":97},[73,142713,94],{"class":93},[73,142715,5874],{"class":83},[73,142717,4180],{"class":769},[73,142719,142720,142722,142724,142726,142728,142730,142732,142734,142736,142738,142740],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,142721,80],{"class":79},[73,142723,84],{"class":83},[73,142725,246],{"class":245},[73,142727,653],{"class":83},[73,142729,141673],{"class":245},[73,142731,84],{"class":83},[73,142733,94],{"class":93},[73,142735,129043],{"class":97},[73,142737,94],{"class":93},[73,142739,5874],{"class":83},[73,142741,5285],{"class":769},[20,142743,127734,142744,653],{},[646,142745,142746],{"href":124324},[15,142747,124327],{},[64,142749,142751],{"className":66,"code":142750,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142752,142753,142765,142769],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,142754,142755,142757,142759,142761,142763],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,142756,217],{"class":216},[73,142758,221],{"class":220},[73,142760,224],{"class":93},[73,142762,7807],{"class":97},[73,142764,230],{"class":93},[73,142766,142767],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,142768,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,142770,142771,142773,142775,142777,142779,142781,142783,142785,142787,142789,142791,142793,142795],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,142772,80],{"class":79},[73,142774,84],{"class":83},[73,142776,246],{"class":245},[73,142778,653],{"class":83},[73,142780,9148],{"class":245},[73,142782,9145],{"class":83},[73,142784,141673],{"class":245},[73,142786,84],{"class":83},[73,142788,94],{"class":93},[73,142790,129043],{"class":97},[73,142792,94],{"class":93},[73,142794,5874],{"class":83},[73,142796,4180],{"class":769},[59,142798,1999,142800],{"id":142799},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142801,127965],{},[20,142803,142804,142806],{},[15,142805,127965],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142808,9879],{},[33,142810,142811,142814,142817,142826],{},[36,142812,142813],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[36,142815,142816],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[36,142818,142819,142820,3408,142823],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142821,142822],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142824,142825],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[36,142827,142828],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142830,206],{},[64,142832,142834],{"className":66,"code":142833,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142835,142836,142849,142853,142882],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,142837,142838,142840,142842,142844,142847],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,142839,127460],{"class":216},[73,142841,221],{"class":220},[73,142843,224],{"class":93},[73,142845,142846],{"class":97},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[73,142848,230],{"class":93},[73,142850,142851],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,142852,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,142854,142855,142857,142860,142862,142864,142866,142868,142870,142872,142874,142876,142878,142880],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,142856,7507],{"class":933},[73,142858,142859],{"class":216}," url",[73,142861,653],{"class":83},[73,142863,141673],{"class":245},[73,142865,6023],{"class":83},[73,142867,94],{"class":93},[73,142869,142822],{"class":97},[73,142871,94],{"class":93},[73,142873,140],{"class":83},[73,142875,224],{"class":93},[73,142877,142825],{"class":97},[73,142879,94],{"class":93},[73,142881,69805],{"class":83},[73,142883,142884,142886,142888,142890,142893,142895],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,142885,1676],{"class":79},[73,142887,84],{"class":83},[73,142889,94],{"class":93},[73,142891,142892],{"class":97},"This looks like a web URL.",[73,142894,94],{"class":93},[73,142896,249],{"class":83},[59,142898,2102],{"id":2101},[20,142900,23604,142901,653],{},[15,142902,127965],{},[403,142904,139037],{"id":142905},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142907,142908,124055],{},[15,142909,127965],{},[64,142911,142913],{"className":66,"code":142912,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142914,142915,142927],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,142916,142917,142919,142921,142923,142925],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,142918,217],{"class":216},[73,142920,221],{"class":220},[73,142922,224],{"class":93},[73,142924,7807],{"class":97},[73,142926,230],{"class":93},[73,142928,142929,142931,142933,142935,142937,142939,142941,142943,142945,142947,142949],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,142930,80],{"class":79},[73,142932,84],{"class":83},[73,142934,246],{"class":245},[73,142936,653],{"class":83},[73,142938,141673],{"class":245},[73,142940,84],{"class":83},[73,142942,94],{"class":93},[73,142944,68],{"class":97},[73,142946,94],{"class":93},[73,142948,5874],{"class":83},[73,142950,5285],{"class":769},[20,142952,39769],{},[64,142954,142956],{"className":66,"code":142955,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142957,142958],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,142959,142960,142962,142964,142966,142968,142970,142972,142974,142976,142978,142980,142982,142984],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,142961,80],{"class":79},[73,142963,84],{"class":83},[73,142965,246],{"class":245},[73,142967,653],{"class":83},[73,142969,9148],{"class":245},[73,142971,9145],{"class":83},[73,142973,141673],{"class":245},[73,142975,84],{"class":83},[73,142977,94],{"class":93},[73,142979,68],{"class":97},[73,142981,94],{"class":93},[73,142983,5874],{"class":83},[73,142985,4180],{"class":769},[403,142987,30159,142989,137519],{"id":142988},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142990,127965],{},[20,142992,142993],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[64,142995,142997],{"className":66,"code":142996,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142998,142999,143007,143011,143016],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143000,143001,143003,143005],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143002,2202],{"class":216},[73,143004,221],{"class":220},[73,143006,125279],{"class":116},[73,143008,143009],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,143010,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,143012,143013],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,143014,143015],{"class":769},"# This will cause an error:\n",[73,143017,143018],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,143019,143020],{"class":769},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,143022,39769],{},[64,143024,143026],{"className":66,"code":143025,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,143027,143028,143042],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143029,143030,143032,143034,143036,143038,143040],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143031,2202],{"class":216},[73,143033,221],{"class":220},[73,143035,49141],{"class":87},[73,143037,84],{"class":83},[73,143039,50483],{"class":116},[73,143041,249],{"class":83},[73,143043,143044,143046,143048,143050,143052,143054,143056,143058,143060,143062,143064],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,143045,80],{"class":79},[73,143047,84],{"class":83},[73,143049,967],{"class":245},[73,143051,653],{"class":83},[73,143053,141673],{"class":245},[73,143055,84],{"class":83},[73,143057,94],{"class":93},[73,143059,2397],{"class":97},[73,143061,94],{"class":93},[73,143063,5874],{"class":83},[73,143065,4180],{"class":769},[403,143067,37711,143069,9213,143071],{"id":143068},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,143070,127965],{},[15,143072,940],{},[20,143074,143075,143077],{},[15,143076,127965],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,143079,143080,143081,143083,143084,653],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,143082,940],{}," or methods like ",[646,143085,143086],{"href":124607},[15,143087,124592],{},[64,143089,143091],{"className":66,"code":143090,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,143092,143093,143105,143109,143133],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143094,143095,143097,143099,143101,143103],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143096,217],{"class":216},[73,143098,221],{"class":220},[73,143100,224],{"class":93},[73,143102,60647],{"class":97},[73,143104,230],{"class":93},[73,143106,143107],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,143108,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,143110,143111,143113,143115,143117,143119,143121,143123,143125,143127,143129,143131],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,143112,80],{"class":79},[73,143114,84],{"class":83},[73,143116,246],{"class":245},[73,143118,653],{"class":83},[73,143120,141673],{"class":245},[73,143122,84],{"class":83},[73,143124,94],{"class":93},[73,143126,60832],{"class":97},[73,143128,94],{"class":93},[73,143130,5874],{"class":83},[73,143132,5285],{"class":769},[73,143134,143135,143137,143139,143141,143143,143145,143147,143149,143151],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,143136,80],{"class":79},[73,143138,84],{"class":83},[73,143140,94],{"class":93},[73,143142,60832],{"class":97},[73,143144,94],{"class":93},[73,143146,21686],{"class":933},[73,143148,43335],{"class":245},[73,143150,4177],{"class":83},[73,143152,143153],{"class":769},"           # True\n",[20,143155,136071,143156,653],{},[646,143157,127633],{"href":123852},[403,143159,5217,143161,1647,143163,143165],{"id":143160},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,143162,36579],{},[15,143164,52899],{}," use index positions",[20,143167,143168,143169,653],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,143170,806],{},[64,143172,143174],{"className":66,"code":143173,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,143175,143176,143189,143193],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143177,143178,143180,143182,143184,143187],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143179,217],{"class":216},[73,143181,221],{"class":220},[73,143183,224],{"class":93},[73,143185,143186],{"class":97},"abcdef",[73,143188,230],{"class":93},[73,143190,143191],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,143192,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,143194,143195,143197,143199,143201,143203,143205,143207,143209,143212,143214,143216,143218,143220],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,143196,80],{"class":79},[73,143198,84],{"class":83},[73,143200,246],{"class":245},[73,143202,653],{"class":83},[73,143204,141673],{"class":245},[73,143206,84],{"class":83},[73,143208,94],{"class":93},[73,143210,143211],{"class":97},"cd",[73,143213,94],{"class":93},[73,143215,140],{"class":83},[73,143217,143],{"class":116},[73,143219,5874],{"class":83},[73,143221,4180],{"class":769},[403,143223,143225],{"id":143224},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,143227,143228],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,143230,17154],{},[64,143232,143234],{"className":66,"code":143233,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,143235,143236],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143237,143238],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143239,143233],{"class":769},[20,143241,17166],{},[64,143243,143245],{"className":66,"code":143244,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,143246,143247,143259],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143248,143249,143251,143253,143255,143257],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143250,217],{"class":216},[73,143252,221],{"class":220},[73,143254,224],{"class":93},[73,143256,7807],{"class":97},[73,143258,230],{"class":93},[73,143260,143261,143263,143265,143267,143269,143271,143273,143275,143277,143279,143281,143283,143286,143288,143290],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,143262,80],{"class":79},[73,143264,84],{"class":83},[73,143266,246],{"class":245},[73,143268,653],{"class":83},[73,143270,141673],{"class":245},[73,143272,6023],{"class":83},[73,143274,94],{"class":93},[73,143276,141784],{"class":97},[73,143278,94],{"class":93},[73,143280,140],{"class":83},[73,143282,224],{"class":93},[73,143284,143285],{"class":97},"Ja",[73,143287,94],{"class":93},[73,143289,51329],{"class":83},[73,143291,4180],{"class":769},[20,143293,32589],{},[64,143295,143297],{"className":66,"code":143296,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,143298,143299,143309,143323,143345,143371],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143300,143301,143303,143305,143307],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143302,80],{"class":79},[73,143304,84],{"class":83},[73,143306,246],{"class":245},[73,143308,249],{"class":83},[73,143310,143311,143313,143315,143317,143319,143321],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,143312,80],{"class":79},[73,143314,84],{"class":83},[73,143316,288],{"class":87},[73,143318,84],{"class":83},[73,143320,246],{"class":245},[73,143322,102],{"class":83},[73,143324,143325,143327,143329,143331,143333,143335,143337,143339,143341,143343],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,143326,80],{"class":79},[73,143328,84],{"class":83},[73,143330,246],{"class":245},[73,143332,653],{"class":83},[73,143334,141673],{"class":245},[73,143336,84],{"class":83},[73,143338,94],{"class":93},[73,143340,141784],{"class":97},[73,143342,94],{"class":93},[73,143344,102],{"class":83},[73,143346,143347,143349,143351,143353,143355,143357,143359,143361,143363,143365,143367,143369],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,143348,80],{"class":79},[73,143350,84],{"class":83},[73,143352,246],{"class":245},[73,143354,653],{"class":83},[73,143356,9148],{"class":245},[73,143358,9145],{"class":83},[73,143360,141673],{"class":245},[73,143362,84],{"class":83},[73,143364,94],{"class":93},[73,143366,129043],{"class":97},[73,143368,94],{"class":93},[73,143370,102],{"class":83},[73,143372,143373,143375,143377,143379,143381,143383,143385,143387,143389,143391,143393,143395,143397,143399],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,143374,80],{"class":79},[73,143376,84],{"class":83},[73,143378,246],{"class":245},[73,143380,653],{"class":83},[73,143382,141673],{"class":245},[73,143384,6023],{"class":83},[73,143386,94],{"class":93},[73,143388,141784],{"class":97},[73,143390,94],{"class":93},[73,143392,140],{"class":83},[73,143394,224],{"class":93},[73,143396,143285],{"class":97},[73,143398,94],{"class":93},[73,143400,1784],{"class":83},[59,143402,2350],{"id":2349},[403,143404,2354,143406,128443],{"id":143405},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,143407,127965],{},[20,143409,143410,143411,3408,143413,653],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,143412,430],{},[15,143414,1367],{},[403,143416,5681,143418,143420],{"id":143417},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,143419,127965],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,143422,143423],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[64,143425,143427],{"className":66,"code":143426,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,143428,143429],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143430,143431,143433,143435,143437,143439,143441,143443,143445,143447,143449,143451,143453],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143432,246],{"class":216},[73,143434,653],{"class":83},[73,143436,141673],{"class":245},[73,143438,6023],{"class":83},[73,143440,94],{"class":93},[73,143442,646],{"class":97},[73,143444,94],{"class":93},[73,143446,140],{"class":83},[73,143448,224],{"class":93},[73,143450,5274],{"class":97},[73,143452,94],{"class":93},[73,143454,102],{"class":83},[403,143456,15412,143458,124933],{"id":143457},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,143459,127965],{},[20,143461,130126],{},[403,143463,5691,143465,1647,143467,3023],{"id":143464},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,143466,127965],{},[15,143468,940],{},[20,143470,143471,143473,143474,143476],{},[15,143472,127965],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,143475,940],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[403,143478,28838,143480,1647,143482,9213,143484,3023],{"id":143479},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143481,36579],{},[15,143483,52899],{},[15,143485,127965],{},[20,143487,143488],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[59,143490,2413],{"id":2412},[33,143492,143493,143499,143505,143511,143515],{},[36,143494,143495],{},[646,143496,126597,143497,11248],{"href":130191},[15,143498,126655],{},[36,143500,143501],{},[646,143502,126597,143503,11248],{"href":124607},[15,143504,124592],{},[36,143506,143507],{},[646,143508,126597,143509,11248],{"href":124324},[15,143510,124327],{},[36,143512,143513],{},[646,143514,124996],{"href":123852},[36,143516,143517],{},[646,143518,125352],{"href":51213},[2459,143520,143521],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":143523},[143524,143526,143527,143533,143534,143536,143537,143538,143540,143550,143562],{"id":141719,"depth":105,"text":143525},"What startswith() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":141998,"depth":105,"text":141999,"children":143528},[143529,143530,143531,143532],{"id":141836,"depth":122,"text":141836},{"id":36579,"depth":122,"text":36579},{"id":52899,"depth":122,"text":52899},{"id":142165,"depth":122,"text":142166},{"id":17929,"depth":105,"text":17930},{"id":142343,"depth":105,"text":143535},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142497,"depth":105,"text":142498},{"id":124243,"depth":105,"text":124244},{"id":142799,"depth":105,"text":143539},"When to use startswith()",{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102,"children":143541},[143542,143543,143545,143547,143549],{"id":142905,"depth":122,"text":139037},{"id":142988,"depth":122,"text":143544},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":143068,"depth":122,"text":143546},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":143160,"depth":122,"text":143548},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":143224,"depth":122,"text":143225},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":143551},[143552,143554,143556,143558,143560],{"id":143405,"depth":122,"text":143553},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143417,"depth":122,"text":143555},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143457,"depth":122,"text":143557},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143464,"depth":122,"text":143559},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143479,"depth":122,"text":143561},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141619,"description":143563},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143570,"title":143571,"body":143572,"description":145026,"extension":2511,"meta":145027,"navigation":254,"path":145028,"seo":145029,"stem":145030,"__hash__":145031},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143573,"toc":144996},[143574,143579,143584,143587,143589,143633,143635,143643,143648,143653,143658,143660,143678,143680,143726,143728,143742,143751,143755,143757,143759,143771,143776,143779,143811,143813,143822,143827,143830,143871,143873,143881,143883,143896,143902,143906,143909,143925,143927,143976,143978,143987,143990,144049,144051,144060,144067,144070,144123,144125,144149,144156,144162,144166,144172,144175,144186,144188,144228,144230,144238,144240,144280,144282,144291,144293,144311,144314,144321,144332,144335,144352,144354,144431,144433,144464,144467,144469,144472,144498,144500,144540,144542,144551,144561,144569,144577,144582,144587,144589,144603,144605,144656,144658,144667,144677,144679,144681,144703,144706,144785,144787,144823,144826,144901,144906,144908,144914,144919,144924,144927,144933,144936,144943,144951,144955,144963,144965,144993],[10,143575,123597,143577,11831],{"id":143576},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143578,42153],{},[20,143580,22,143581,143583],{},[15,143582,42153],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143585,143586],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[59,143588,4124],{"id":4123},[64,143590,143592],{"className":66,"code":143591,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143593,143594,143607,143622],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143595,143596,143598,143600,143602,143605],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143597,217],{"class":216},[73,143599,221],{"class":220},[73,143601,224],{"class":93},[73,143603,143604],{"class":97},"  hello  ",[73,143606,230],{"class":93},[73,143608,143609,143612,143614,143616,143618,143620],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,143610,143611],{"class":216},"clean_text ",[73,143613,221],{"class":220},[73,143615,43335],{"class":216},[73,143617,653],{"class":83},[73,143619,9142],{"class":245},[73,143621,9151],{"class":83},[73,143623,143624,143626,143628,143631],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,143625,80],{"class":79},[73,143627,84],{"class":83},[73,143629,143630],{"class":245},"clean_text",[73,143632,249],{"class":83},[20,143634,148],{},[64,143636,143637],{"className":66,"code":138912,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,143638,143639],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143640,143641],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143642,138912],{"class":216},[20,143644,171,143645,143647],{},[15,143646,42153],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[59,143649,178,143651,181],{"id":143650},"what-strip-does",[15,143652,42153],{},[20,143654,143655,143657],{},[15,143656,42153],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143659,189],{},[33,143661,143662,143666,143669,143672,143675],{},[36,143663,143664,131947],{},[15,143665,42153],{},[36,143667,143668],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[36,143670,143671],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[36,143673,143674],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[36,143676,143677],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143679,206],{},[64,143681,143683],{"className":66,"code":143682,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143684,143685,143698,143702,143716],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143686,143687,143689,143691,143693,143696],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143688,217],{"class":216},[73,143690,221],{"class":220},[73,143692,224],{"class":93},[73,143694,143695],{"class":97},"  hello world  ",[73,143697,230],{"class":93},[73,143699,143700],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,143701,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,143703,143704,143706,143708,143710,143712,143714],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,143705,80],{"class":79},[73,143707,84],{"class":83},[73,143709,246],{"class":245},[73,143711,653],{"class":83},[73,143713,9142],{"class":245},[73,143715,7704],{"class":83},[73,143717,143718,143720,143722,143724],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,143719,80],{"class":79},[73,143721,84],{"class":83},[73,143723,246],{"class":245},[73,143725,249],{"class":83},[20,143727,148],{},[64,143729,143731],{"className":66,"code":143730,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143732,143733,143737],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143734,143735],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143736,134613],{"class":216},[73,143738,143739],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,143740,143741],{"class":216},"  hello world\n",[20,143743,143744,143745,143747,143748,143750],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143746,42153],{},", but the original ",[15,143749,246],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143752,125349,143753,653],{},[646,143754,125352],{"href":51213},[59,143756,370],{"id":369},[20,143758,26997],{},[33,143760,143761,143766],{},[36,143762,143763],{},[15,143764,143765],{},"string.strip()",[36,143767,143768],{},[15,143769,143770],{},"string.strip(chars)",[403,143772,143774],{"id":143773},"stringstrip",[15,143775,143765],{},[20,143777,143778],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[64,143780,143782],{"className":66,"code":143781,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143783,143784,143797],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143785,143786,143788,143790,143792,143795],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143787,8387],{"class":216},[73,143789,221],{"class":220},[73,143791,224],{"class":93},[73,143793,143794],{"class":97},"  Alice  ",[73,143796,230],{"class":93},[73,143798,143799,143801,143803,143805,143807,143809],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,143800,80],{"class":79},[73,143802,84],{"class":83},[73,143804,8177],{"class":245},[73,143806,653],{"class":83},[73,143808,9142],{"class":245},[73,143810,7704],{"class":83},[20,143812,148],{},[64,143814,143816],{"className":66,"code":143815,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Alice\n",[15,143817,143818],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143819,143820],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143821,143815],{"class":216},[403,143823,143825],{"id":143824},"stringstripchars",[15,143826,143770],{},[20,143828,143829],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[64,143831,143833],{"className":66,"code":143832,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143834,143835,143848],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143836,143837,143839,143841,143843,143846],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143838,217],{"class":216},[73,143840,221],{"class":220},[73,143842,224],{"class":93},[73,143844,143845],{"class":97},"!!hello??",[73,143847,230],{"class":93},[73,143849,143850,143852,143854,143856,143858,143860,143862,143864,143867,143869],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,143851,80],{"class":79},[73,143853,84],{"class":83},[73,143855,246],{"class":245},[73,143857,653],{"class":83},[73,143859,9142],{"class":245},[73,143861,84],{"class":83},[73,143863,94],{"class":93},[73,143865,143866],{"class":97},"!?",[73,143868,94],{"class":93},[73,143870,102],{"class":83},[20,143872,148],{},[64,143874,143875],{"className":66,"code":138912,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,143876,143877],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143878,143879],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143880,138912],{"class":216},[20,143882,84063],{},[33,143884,143885,143890],{},[36,143886,143887,143889],{},[15,143888,134856],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[36,143891,143892,143893,143895],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143894,134856],{}," does not matter",[59,143897,143899,143900],{"id":143898},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143901,42153],{},[20,143903,31391,143904,653],{},[15,143905,42153],{},[20,143907,143908],{},"It is useful for:",[33,143910,143911,143916,143919,143922],{},[36,143912,143913,143914,943],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143915,1174],{},[36,143917,143918],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[36,143920,143921],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[36,143923,143924],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143926,2032],{},[64,143928,143930],{"className":66,"code":143929,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143931,143932,143945,143961,143965],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143933,143934,143936,143938,143940,143943],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143935,8472],{"class":216},[73,143937,221],{"class":220},[73,143939,224],{"class":93},[73,143941,143942],{"class":97},"  sam  ",[73,143944,230],{"class":93},[73,143946,143947,143950,143952,143955,143957,143959],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,143948,143949],{"class":216},"clean_username ",[73,143951,221],{"class":220},[73,143953,143954],{"class":216}," username",[73,143956,653],{"class":83},[73,143958,9142],{"class":245},[73,143960,9151],{"class":83},[73,143962,143963],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,143964,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,143966,143967,143969,143971,143974],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,143968,80],{"class":79},[73,143970,84],{"class":83},[73,143972,143973],{"class":245},"clean_username",[73,143975,249],{"class":83},[20,143977,148],{},[64,143979,143981],{"className":66,"code":143980,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"sam\n",[15,143982,143983],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143984,143985],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143986,143980],{"class":216},[20,143988,143989],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[64,143991,143993],{"className":66,"code":143992,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143994,143995,144008,144012,144034],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,143996,143997,143999,144001,144003,144006],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,143998,136840],{"class":216},[73,144000,221],{"class":220},[73,144002,224],{"class":93},[73,144004,144005],{"class":97}," yes  ",[73,144007,230],{"class":93},[73,144009,144010],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,144011,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,144013,144014,144016,144018,144020,144022,144024,144026,144028,144030,144032],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,144015,7507],{"class":933},[73,144017,136860],{"class":216},[73,144019,653],{"class":83},[73,144021,9142],{"class":245},[73,144023,1052],{"class":83},[73,144025,6918],{"class":220},[73,144027,224],{"class":93},[73,144029,9166],{"class":97},[73,144031,94],{"class":93},[73,144033,946],{"class":83},[73,144035,144036,144038,144040,144042,144045,144047],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,144037,1676],{"class":79},[73,144039,84],{"class":83},[73,144041,94],{"class":93},[73,144043,144044],{"class":97},"Matched",[73,144046,94],{"class":93},[73,144048,249],{"class":83},[20,144050,148],{},[64,144052,144054],{"className":66,"code":144053,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Matched\n",[15,144055,144056],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144057,144058],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144059,144053],{"class":216},[20,144061,144062,144063,653],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[646,144064,144066],{"href":144065},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,144068,144069],{},"Example with file-style text:",[64,144071,144073],{"className":66,"code":144072,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,144074,144075,144091,144105],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144076,144077,144080,144082,144084,144087,144089],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144078,144079],{"class":216},"line ",[73,144081,221],{"class":220},[73,144083,224],{"class":93},[73,144085,144086],{"class":97},"Python basics",[73,144088,87395],{"class":34960},[73,144090,230],{"class":93},[73,144092,144093,144095,144097,144099,144101,144103],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,144094,80],{"class":79},[73,144096,84],{"class":83},[73,144098,42279],{"class":79},[73,144100,84],{"class":83},[73,144102,75],{"class":245},[73,144104,102],{"class":83},[73,144106,144107,144109,144111,144113,144115,144117,144119,144121],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,144108,80],{"class":79},[73,144110,84],{"class":83},[73,144112,42279],{"class":79},[73,144114,84],{"class":83},[73,144116,75],{"class":245},[73,144118,653],{"class":83},[73,144120,9142],{"class":245},[73,144122,6801],{"class":83},[20,144124,148],{},[64,144126,144128],{"className":66,"code":144127,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,144129,144130,144141],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144131,144132,144134,144136,144139],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144133,343],{"class":1033},[73,144135,144086],{"class":1036},[73,144137,87395],{"class":144138},"sfi6f",[73,144140,1070],{"class":1033},[73,144142,144143,144145,144147],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,144144,343],{"class":1033},[73,144146,144086],{"class":1036},[73,144148,1070],{"class":1033},[20,144150,657,144151,144153,144154,653],{},[15,144152,122811],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,144155,87395],{},[20,144157,144158,144159,653],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[646,144160,144161],{"href":88048},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[59,144163,144165],{"id":144164},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,144167,144168,144169,653],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,144170,144171],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,144173,144174],{},"Python will:",[33,144176,144177,144180,144183],{},[36,144178,144179],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[36,144181,144182],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[36,144184,144185],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,144187,206],{},[64,144189,144191],{"className":66,"code":144190,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,144192,144193,144206],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144194,144195,144197,144199,144201,144204],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144196,217],{"class":216},[73,144198,221],{"class":220},[73,144200,224],{"class":93},[73,144202,144203],{"class":97},"??hello!!",[73,144205,230],{"class":93},[73,144207,144208,144210,144212,144214,144216,144218,144220,144222,144224,144226],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,144209,80],{"class":79},[73,144211,84],{"class":83},[73,144213,246],{"class":245},[73,144215,653],{"class":83},[73,144217,9142],{"class":245},[73,144219,84],{"class":83},[73,144221,94],{"class":93},[73,144223,143866],{"class":97},[73,144225,94],{"class":93},[73,144227,102],{"class":83},[20,144229,148],{},[64,144231,144232],{"className":66,"code":138912,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,144233,144234],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144235,144236],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144237,138912],{"class":216},[20,144239,52318],{},[64,144241,144243],{"className":66,"code":144242,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,144244,144245,144258],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144246,144247,144249,144251,144253,144256],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144248,217],{"class":216},[73,144250,221],{"class":220},[73,144252,224],{"class":93},[73,144254,144255],{"class":97},"abcHelloCba",[73,144257,230],{"class":93},[73,144259,144260,144262,144264,144266,144268,144270,144272,144274,144276,144278],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,144261,80],{"class":79},[73,144263,84],{"class":83},[73,144265,246],{"class":245},[73,144267,653],{"class":83},[73,144269,9142],{"class":245},[73,144271,84],{"class":83},[73,144273,94],{"class":93},[73,144275,42061],{"class":97},[73,144277,94],{"class":93},[73,144279,102],{"class":83},[20,144281,148],{},[64,144283,144285],{"className":66,"code":144284,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"HelloC\n",[15,144286,144287],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144288,144289],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144290,144284],{"class":216},[20,144292,6746],{},[20,144294,144295,1192,144298,144300,144301,144303,144304,2728,144306,2731,144308,144310],{},[15,144296,144297],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[1194,144299,1196],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,144302,42061],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,144305,646],{},[15,144307,5274],{},[15,144309,10245],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,144312,144313],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,144315,144316,144317,7140],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[646,144318,144319],{"href":130178},[15,144320,124768],{},[59,144322,144324,11092,144326,11092,144329],{"id":144323},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,144325,42153],{},[15,144327,144328],{},"lstrip()",[15,144330,144331],{},"rstrip()",[20,144333,144334],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[33,144336,144337,144342,144347],{},[36,144338,144339,144341],{},[15,144340,42153],{}," removes from both ends",[36,144343,144344,144346],{},[15,144345,144328],{}," removes from the left side only",[36,144348,144349,144351],{},[15,144350,144331],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,144353,206],{},[64,144355,144357],{"className":66,"code":144356,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,144358,144359,144371,144375,144393,144412],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144360,144361,144363,144365,144367,144369],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144362,217],{"class":216},[73,144364,221],{"class":220},[73,144366,224],{"class":93},[73,144368,143604],{"class":97},[73,144370,230],{"class":93},[73,144372,144373],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,144374,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,144376,144377,144379,144381,144383,144385,144387,144389,144391],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,144378,80],{"class":79},[73,144380,84],{"class":83},[73,144382,42279],{"class":79},[73,144384,84],{"class":83},[73,144386,246],{"class":245},[73,144388,653],{"class":83},[73,144390,9142],{"class":245},[73,144392,6801],{"class":83},[73,144394,144395,144397,144399,144401,144403,144405,144407,144410],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,144396,80],{"class":79},[73,144398,84],{"class":83},[73,144400,42279],{"class":79},[73,144402,84],{"class":83},[73,144404,246],{"class":245},[73,144406,653],{"class":83},[73,144408,144409],{"class":245},"lstrip",[73,144411,6801],{"class":83},[73,144413,144414,144416,144418,144420,144422,144424,144426,144429],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,144415,80],{"class":79},[73,144417,84],{"class":83},[73,144419,42279],{"class":79},[73,144421,84],{"class":83},[73,144423,246],{"class":245},[73,144425,653],{"class":83},[73,144427,144428],{"class":245},"rstrip",[73,144430,6801],{"class":83},[20,144432,148],{},[64,144434,144436],{"className":66,"code":144435,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144437,144438,144446,144455],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144439,144440,144442,144444],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144441,343],{"class":1033},[73,144443,4357],{"class":1036},[73,144445,1070],{"class":1033},[73,144447,144448,144450,144453],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,144449,343],{"class":1033},[73,144451,144452],{"class":1036},"hello  ",[73,144454,1070],{"class":1033},[73,144456,144457,144459,144462],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,144458,343],{"class":1033},[73,144460,144461],{"class":1036},"  hello",[73,144463,1070],{"class":1033},[20,144465,144466],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[59,144468,108605],{"id":108604},[20,144470,144471],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[33,144473,144474,144482,144492,144495],{},[36,144475,144476,144478,144479,144481],{},[15,144477,144297],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144480,42030],{}," once",[36,144483,144484,144485,2728,144487,2731,144489,144491],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144486,646],{},[15,144488,5274],{},[15,144490,10245],{}," from both ends",[36,144493,144494],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[36,144496,144497],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144499,206],{},[64,144501,144503],{"className":66,"code":144502,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144504,144505,144518],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144506,144507,144509,144511,144513,144516],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144508,126680],{"class":216},[73,144510,221],{"class":220},[73,144512,224],{"class":93},[73,144514,144515],{"class":97},"txt_report.txt",[73,144517,230],{"class":93},[73,144519,144520,144522,144524,144526,144528,144530,144532,144534,144536,144538],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,144521,80],{"class":79},[73,144523,84],{"class":83},[73,144525,126698],{"class":245},[73,144527,653],{"class":83},[73,144529,9142],{"class":245},[73,144531,84],{"class":83},[73,144533,94],{"class":93},[73,144535,126733],{"class":97},[73,144537,94],{"class":93},[73,144539,102],{"class":83},[20,144541,148],{},[64,144543,144545],{"className":66,"code":144544,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"_report\n",[15,144546,144547],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144548,144549],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144550,144544],{"class":216},[20,144552,144553,144554,2728,144556,2731,144558,144560],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144555,653],{},[15,144557,63528],{},[15,144559,384],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144562,53892,144563,5297,144566,144568],{},[15,144564,144565],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[1194,144567,1196],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144570,144571,144572,144576],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[646,144573,144574],{"href":130178},[15,144575,124768],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[59,144578,1999,144580],{"id":144579},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144581,42153],{},[20,144583,171,144584,144586],{},[15,144585,42153],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144588,36933],{},[33,144590,144591,144595,144597,144600],{},[36,144592,143913,144593,943],{},[15,144594,1174],{},[36,144596,143918],{},[36,144598,144599],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[36,144601,144602],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144604,206],{},[64,144606,144608],{"className":66,"code":144607,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144609,144610,144624,144628,144641],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144611,144612,144615,144617,144619,144622],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144613,144614],{"class":216},"email ",[73,144616,221],{"class":220},[73,144618,224],{"class":93},[73,144620,144621],{"class":97},"  user@example.com  ",[73,144623,230],{"class":93},[73,144625,144626],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,144627,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,144629,144630,144632,144635,144637,144639],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,144631,7507],{"class":933},[73,144633,144634],{"class":216}," email",[73,144636,653],{"class":83},[73,144638,9142],{"class":245},[73,144640,22107],{"class":83},[73,144642,144643,144645,144647,144649,144652,144654],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,144644,1676],{"class":79},[73,144646,84],{"class":83},[73,144648,94],{"class":93},[73,144650,144651],{"class":97},"Email was entered",[73,144653,94],{"class":93},[73,144655,249],{"class":83},[20,144657,148],{},[64,144659,144661],{"className":66,"code":144660,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Email was entered\n",[15,144662,144663],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144664,144665],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144666,144660],{"class":216},[20,144668,144669,144670,144672,144673,653],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144671,42153],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[646,144674,144675],{"href":124324},[15,144676,124327],{},[59,144678,2102],{"id":2101},[20,144680,84482],{},[33,144682,144683,144687,144692,144697],{},[36,144684,2300,144685,131817],{},[15,144686,42153],{},[36,144688,2300,144689,144691],{},[15,144690,42153],{}," to remove text from the middle",[36,144693,657,144694,144696],{},[15,144695,144565],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[36,144698,5217,144699,144702],{},[15,144700,144701],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144704,144705],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[64,144707,144709],{"className":66,"code":144708,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144710,144711,144725,144729,144739,144753,144767],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144712,144713,144715,144717,144719,144721,144723],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144714,217],{"class":216},[73,144716,221],{"class":220},[73,144718,224],{"class":93},[73,144720,144461],{"class":97},[73,144722,87395],{"class":34960},[73,144724,230],{"class":93},[73,144726,144727],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,144728,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,144730,144731,144733,144735,144737],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,144732,80],{"class":79},[73,144734,84],{"class":83},[73,144736,246],{"class":245},[73,144738,249],{"class":83},[73,144740,144741,144743,144745,144747,144749,144751],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,144742,80],{"class":79},[73,144744,84],{"class":83},[73,144746,42279],{"class":79},[73,144748,84],{"class":83},[73,144750,246],{"class":245},[73,144752,102],{"class":83},[73,144754,144755,144757,144759,144761,144763,144765],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,144756,80],{"class":79},[73,144758,84],{"class":83},[73,144760,246],{"class":245},[73,144762,653],{"class":83},[73,144764,9142],{"class":245},[73,144766,7704],{"class":83},[73,144768,144769,144771,144773,144775,144777,144779,144781,144783],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,144770,80],{"class":79},[73,144772,84],{"class":83},[73,144774,42279],{"class":79},[73,144776,84],{"class":83},[73,144778,246],{"class":245},[73,144780,653],{"class":83},[73,144782,9142],{"class":245},[73,144784,6801],{"class":83},[20,144786,148],{},[64,144788,144790],{"className":66,"code":144789,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144791,144792,144797,144801,144811,144815],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144793,144794],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144795,144796],{"class":216},"  hello\n",[73,144798,144799],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,144800,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,144802,144803,144805,144807,144809],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,144804,343],{"class":1033},[73,144806,144461],{"class":1036},[73,144808,87395],{"class":144138},[73,144810,1070],{"class":1033},[73,144812,144813],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,144814,138912],{"class":216},[73,144816,144817,144819,144821],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,144818,343],{"class":1033},[73,144820,4357],{"class":1036},[73,144822,1070],{"class":1033},[20,144824,144825],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[64,144827,144829],{"className":66,"code":144828,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144830,144831,144841,144855,144869,144887],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,144832,144833,144835,144837,144839],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,144834,80],{"class":79},[73,144836,84],{"class":83},[73,144838,246],{"class":245},[73,144840,249],{"class":83},[73,144842,144843,144845,144847,144849,144851,144853],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,144844,80],{"class":79},[73,144846,84],{"class":83},[73,144848,42279],{"class":79},[73,144850,84],{"class":83},[73,144852,246],{"class":245},[73,144854,102],{"class":83},[73,144856,144857,144859,144861,144863,144865,144867],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,144858,80],{"class":79},[73,144860,84],{"class":83},[73,144862,246],{"class":245},[73,144864,653],{"class":83},[73,144866,9142],{"class":245},[73,144868,7704],{"class":83},[73,144870,144871,144873,144875,144877,144879,144881,144883,144885],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,144872,80],{"class":79},[73,144874,84],{"class":83},[73,144876,42279],{"class":79},[73,144878,84],{"class":83},[73,144880,246],{"class":245},[73,144882,653],{"class":83},[73,144884,9142],{"class":245},[73,144886,6801],{"class":83},[73,144888,144889,144891,144893,144895,144897,144899],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,144890,32659],{"class":79},[73,144892,84],{"class":83},[73,144894,340],{"class":87},[73,144896,653],{"class":83},[73,144898,9142],{"class":25260},[73,144900,249],{"class":83},[20,144902,144903,144905],{},[15,144904,122811],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[59,144907,2350],{"id":2349},[403,144909,2354,144911,144913],{"id":144910},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144912,42153],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144915,2360,144916,144918],{},[15,144917,42153],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[403,144920,2354,144922,124924],{"id":144921},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144923,42153],{},[20,144925,144926],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[403,144928,2387,144930,144932],{"id":144929},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144931,42153],{}," remove by default?",[20,144934,144935],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[403,144937,34712,144939,34715,144941,3023],{"id":144938},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144940,42153],{},[15,144942,124768],{},[20,144944,144945,144947,144948,144950],{},[15,144946,42153],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144949,124768],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[403,144952,144954],{"id":144953},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144956,128470,144957,144959,144960,144962],{},[15,144958,144328],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144961,144331],{}," for the right side.",[59,144964,2413],{"id":2412},[33,144966,144967,144973,144979,144984,144989],{},[36,144968,144969],{},[646,144970,126597,144971,11248],{"href":124324},[15,144972,124327],{},[36,144974,144975],{},[646,144976,126597,144977,11248],{"href":130178},[15,144978,124768],{},[36,144980,144981],{},[646,144982,144983],{"href":144065},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[36,144985,144986],{},[646,144987,144988],{"href":88048},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[36,144990,144991],{},[646,144992,125352],{"href":51213},[2459,144994,144995],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":144997},[144998,144999,145001,145005,145007,145008,145010,145011,145013,145014,145025],{"id":4123,"depth":105,"text":4124},{"id":143650,"depth":105,"text":145000},"What strip() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370,"children":145002},[145003,145004],{"id":143773,"depth":122,"text":143765},{"id":143824,"depth":122,"text":143770},{"id":143898,"depth":105,"text":145006},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":144164,"depth":105,"text":144165},{"id":144323,"depth":105,"text":145009},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108604,"depth":105,"text":108605},{"id":144579,"depth":105,"text":145012},"When to use strip()",{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":145015},[145016,145018,145020,145022,145024],{"id":144910,"depth":122,"text":145017},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144921,"depth":122,"text":145019},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144929,"depth":122,"text":145021},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144938,"depth":122,"text":145023},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144953,"depth":122,"text":144954},{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143571,"description":145026},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":145033,"title":145034,"body":145035,"description":146215,"extension":2511,"meta":146216,"navigation":254,"path":146217,"seo":146218,"stem":146219,"__hash__":146220},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":145036,"toc":146185},[145037,145042,145047,145052,145054,145100,145108,145113,145127,145133,145135,145137,145152,145154,145164,145167,145198,145201,145224,145226,145229,145286,145288,145302,145304,145318,145324,145329,145332,145373,145375,145384,145392,145395,145440,145442,145451,145454,145458,145463,145477,145479,145511,145513,145533,145536,145541,145546,145548,145559,145562,145619,145621,145629,145638,145640,145642,145648,145650,145687,145689,145697,145699,145740,145742,145751,145756,145761,145763,145790,145797,145800,145831,145833,145842,145848,145857,145888,145890,145902,145915,145919,145924,145954,145956,146023,146025,146035,146037,146042,146045,146050,146055,146059,146065,146071,146074,146076,146134,146136,146144,146146,146182],[10,145038,123597,145040,11831],{"id":145039},"python-string-upper-method",[15,145041,128475],{},[20,145043,123602,145044,145046],{},[15,145045,128475],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,145048,84859,145049,145051],{},[15,145050,128475],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[59,145053,62],{"id":61},[64,145055,145057],{"className":66,"code":145056,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145058,145059,145071,145085,145095],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145060,145061,145063,145065,145067,145069],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145062,217],{"class":216},[73,145064,221],{"class":220},[73,145066,224],{"class":93},[73,145068,129316],{"class":97},[73,145070,230],{"class":93},[73,145072,145073,145075,145077,145079,145081,145083],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,145074,2766],{"class":216},[73,145076,221],{"class":220},[73,145078,43335],{"class":216},[73,145080,653],{"class":83},[73,145082,34985],{"class":245},[73,145084,9151],{"class":83},[73,145086,145087,145089,145091,145093],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,145088,80],{"class":79},[73,145090,84],{"class":83},[73,145092,2800],{"class":245},[73,145094,249],{"class":83},[73,145096,145097],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,145098,145099],{"class":769},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,145101,145102,145104,145105,145107],{},[15,145103,128475],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[1194,145106,1196],{}," change the original string in place.",[59,145109,178,145111,181],{"id":145110},"what-upper-does",[15,145112,128475],{},[33,145114,145115,145120,145123,145125],{},[36,145116,145117,145119],{},[15,145118,128475],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[36,145121,145122],{},"It works on string values only",[36,145124,133845],{},[36,145126,136563],{},[20,145128,125349,145129,3408,145131,653],{},[646,145130,136569],{"href":136568},[646,145132,125352],{"href":51213},[59,145134,370],{"id":369},[20,145136,2700],{},[64,145138,145140],{"className":66,"code":145139,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"string.upper()\n",[15,145141,145142],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145143,145144,145146,145148,145150],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145145,61415],{"class":216},[73,145147,653],{"class":83},[73,145149,34985],{"class":245},[73,145151,9151],{"class":83},[20,145153,11968],{},[33,145155,145156,145158,145161],{},[36,145157,97770],{},[36,145159,145160],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[36,145162,145163],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,145165,145166],{},"Example with a variable:",[64,145168,145170],{"className":66,"code":145169,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,145171,145172,145184],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145173,145174,145176,145178,145180,145182],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145175,8387],{"class":216},[73,145177,221],{"class":220},[73,145179,224],{"class":93},[73,145181,68],{"class":97},[73,145183,230],{"class":93},[73,145185,145186,145188,145190,145192,145194,145196],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,145187,80],{"class":79},[73,145189,84],{"class":83},[73,145191,8177],{"class":245},[73,145193,653],{"class":83},[73,145195,34985],{"class":245},[73,145197,7704],{"class":83},[20,145199,145200],{},"Example with a string literal:",[64,145202,145204],{"className":66,"code":145203,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,145205,145206],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145207,145208,145210,145212,145214,145216,145218,145220,145222],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145209,80],{"class":79},[73,145211,84],{"class":83},[73,145213,94],{"class":93},[73,145215,4357],{"class":97},[73,145217,94],{"class":93},[73,145219,653],{"class":83},[73,145221,34985],{"class":245},[73,145223,7704],{"class":83},[59,145225,11985],{"id":11984},[20,145227,145228],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[64,145230,145232],{"className":66,"code":145231,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,145233,145234,145246,145261,145265,145275],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145235,145236,145238,145240,145242,145244],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145237,6665],{"class":216},[73,145239,221],{"class":220},[73,145241,224],{"class":93},[73,145243,4599],{"class":97},[73,145245,230],{"class":93},[73,145247,145248,145251,145253,145255,145257,145259],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,145249,145250],{"class":216},"uppercase_word ",[73,145252,221],{"class":220},[73,145254,38888],{"class":216},[73,145256,653],{"class":83},[73,145258,34985],{"class":245},[73,145260,9151],{"class":83},[73,145262,145263],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,145264,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,145266,145267,145269,145271,145273],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,145268,80],{"class":79},[73,145270,84],{"class":83},[73,145272,38898],{"class":245},[73,145274,249],{"class":83},[73,145276,145277,145279,145281,145284],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,145278,80],{"class":79},[73,145280,84],{"class":83},[73,145282,145283],{"class":245},"uppercase_word",[73,145285,249],{"class":83},[20,145287,148],{},[64,145289,145291],{"className":66,"code":145290,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,145292,145293,145297],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145294,145295],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145296,70648],{"class":216},[73,145298,145299],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,145300,145301],{"class":34960},"BANANA\n",[20,145303,112711],{},[33,145305,145306,145311],{},[36,145307,145308,145310],{},[15,145309,38898],{}," keeps its original value",[36,145312,145313,145315,145316],{},[15,145314,145283],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,145317,128475],{},[59,145319,145321,145323],{"id":145320},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,145322,128475],{}," does not change the original string",[20,145325,137229,145326,145328],{},[1194,145327,137232],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,145330,145331],{},"So this method:",[64,145333,145335],{"className":66,"code":145334,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145336,145337,145349,145359,145363],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145338,145339,145341,145343,145345,145347],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145340,8387],{"class":216},[73,145342,221],{"class":220},[73,145344,224],{"class":93},[73,145346,18315],{"class":97},[73,145348,230],{"class":93},[73,145350,145351,145353,145355,145357],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,145352,8177],{"class":216},[73,145354,653],{"class":83},[73,145356,34985],{"class":245},[73,145358,9151],{"class":83},[73,145360,145361],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,145362,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,145364,145365,145367,145369,145371],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,145366,80],{"class":79},[73,145368,84],{"class":83},[73,145370,8177],{"class":245},[73,145372,249],{"class":83},[20,145374,148],{},[64,145376,145378],{"className":66,"code":145377,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"alice\n",[15,145379,145380],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145381,145382],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145383,145377],{"class":216},[20,145385,21490,145386,145388,145389,145391],{},[15,145387,128475],{}," was called, ",[15,145390,8177],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,145393,145394],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[64,145396,145398],{"className":66,"code":145397,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145399,145400,145412,145426,145430],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145401,145402,145404,145406,145408,145410],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145403,8387],{"class":216},[73,145405,221],{"class":220},[73,145407,224],{"class":93},[73,145409,18315],{"class":97},[73,145411,230],{"class":93},[73,145413,145414,145416,145418,145420,145422,145424],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,145415,8387],{"class":216},[73,145417,221],{"class":220},[73,145419,36498],{"class":216},[73,145421,653],{"class":83},[73,145423,34985],{"class":245},[73,145425,9151],{"class":83},[73,145427,145428],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,145429,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,145431,145432,145434,145436,145438],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,145433,80],{"class":79},[73,145435,84],{"class":83},[73,145437,8177],{"class":245},[73,145439,249],{"class":83},[20,145441,148],{},[64,145443,145445],{"className":66,"code":145444,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"ALICE\n",[15,145446,145447],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145448,145449],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145450,145444],{"class":34960},[20,145452,145453],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[59,145455,145457],{"id":145456},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,145459,145460,145462],{},[15,145461,128475],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[33,145464,145465,145468,145471,145474],{},[36,145466,145467],{},"Numbers stay the same",[36,145469,145470],{},"Spaces stay the same",[36,145472,145473],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[36,145475,145476],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145478,206],{},[64,145480,145482],{"className":66,"code":145481,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145483,145484,145497],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145485,145486,145488,145490,145492,145495],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145487,217],{"class":216},[73,145489,221],{"class":220},[73,145491,224],{"class":93},[73,145493,145494],{"class":97},"Room 7, table #3!",[73,145496,230],{"class":93},[73,145498,145499,145501,145503,145505,145507,145509],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,145500,80],{"class":79},[73,145502,84],{"class":83},[73,145504,246],{"class":245},[73,145506,653],{"class":83},[73,145508,34985],{"class":245},[73,145510,7704],{"class":83},[20,145512,148],{},[64,145514,145516],{"className":66,"code":145515,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145517,145518],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145519,145520,145523,145525,145527,145530],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145521,145522],{"class":34960},"ROOM",[73,145524,6505],{"class":116},[73,145526,140],{"class":83},[73,145528,145529],{"class":34960}," TABLE",[73,145531,145532],{"class":769}," #3!\n",[20,145534,145535],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[59,145537,1999,145539],{"id":145538},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145540,128475],{},[20,145542,145543,145545],{},[15,145544,128475],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145547,2009],{},[33,145549,145550,145553,145556],{},[36,145551,145552],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[36,145554,145555],{},"Format labels or headings",[36,145557,145558],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145560,145561],{},"Example: simple comparison",[64,145563,145565],{"className":66,"code":145564,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145566,145567,145579,145583,145605],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145568,145569,145571,145573,145575,145577],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145570,136840],{"class":216},[73,145572,221],{"class":220},[73,145574,224],{"class":93},[73,145576,9166],{"class":97},[73,145578,230],{"class":93},[73,145580,145581],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,145582,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,145584,145585,145587,145589,145591,145593,145595,145597,145599,145601,145603],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,145586,7507],{"class":933},[73,145588,136860],{"class":216},[73,145590,653],{"class":83},[73,145592,34985],{"class":245},[73,145594,1052],{"class":83},[73,145596,6918],{"class":220},[73,145598,224],{"class":93},[73,145600,136847],{"class":97},[73,145602,94],{"class":93},[73,145604,946],{"class":83},[73,145606,145607,145609,145611,145613,145615,145617],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,145608,1676],{"class":79},[73,145610,84],{"class":83},[73,145612,94],{"class":93},[73,145614,144044],{"class":97},[73,145616,94],{"class":93},[73,145618,249],{"class":83},[20,145620,148],{},[64,145622,145623],{"className":66,"code":144053,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,145624,145625],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145626,145627],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145628,144053],{"class":216},[20,145630,145631,145632,2728,145634,2731,145636,653],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145633,9166],{},[15,145635,137633],{},[15,145637,136847],{},[59,145639,2102],{"id":2101},[403,145641,96131],{"id":96130},[20,145643,8626,145644,145647],{},[15,145645,145646],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145649,17154],{},[64,145651,145653],{"className":66,"code":145652,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145654,145655,145667,145677],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145656,145657,145659,145661,145663,145665],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145658,217],{"class":216},[73,145660,221],{"class":220},[73,145662,224],{"class":93},[73,145664,4357],{"class":97},[73,145666,230],{"class":93},[73,145668,145669,145671,145673,145675],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,145670,246],{"class":216},[73,145672,653],{"class":83},[73,145674,34985],{"class":245},[73,145676,9151],{"class":83},[73,145678,145679,145681,145683,145685],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,145680,80],{"class":79},[73,145682,84],{"class":83},[73,145684,246],{"class":245},[73,145686,249],{"class":83},[20,145688,148],{},[64,145690,145691],{"className":66,"code":138912,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,145692,145693],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145694,145695],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145696,138912],{"class":216},[20,145698,17166],{},[64,145700,145702],{"className":66,"code":145701,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145703,145704,145716,145730],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145705,145706,145708,145710,145712,145714],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145707,217],{"class":216},[73,145709,221],{"class":220},[73,145711,224],{"class":93},[73,145713,4357],{"class":97},[73,145715,230],{"class":93},[73,145717,145718,145720,145722,145724,145726,145728],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,145719,217],{"class":216},[73,145721,221],{"class":220},[73,145723,43335],{"class":216},[73,145725,653],{"class":83},[73,145727,34985],{"class":245},[73,145729,9151],{"class":83},[73,145731,145732,145734,145736,145738],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,145733,80],{"class":79},[73,145735,84],{"class":83},[73,145737,246],{"class":245},[73,145739,249],{"class":83},[20,145741,148],{},[64,145743,145745],{"className":66,"code":145744,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"HELLO\n",[15,145746,145747],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145748,145749],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145750,145744],{"class":34960},[403,145752,19419,145754,137519],{"id":145753},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145755,128475],{},[20,145757,145758,145760],{},[15,145759,128475],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145762,206],{},[64,145764,145766],{"className":66,"code":145765,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145767,145768,145776],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145769,145770,145772,145774],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145771,235],{"class":216},[73,145773,221],{"class":220},[73,145775,125279],{"class":116},[73,145777,145778,145780,145782,145784,145786,145788],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,145779,80],{"class":79},[73,145781,84],{"class":83},[73,145783,276],{"class":245},[73,145785,653],{"class":83},[73,145787,34985],{"class":245},[73,145789,7704],{"class":83},[20,145791,40161,145792,145794,145795,34107],{},[15,145793,88],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145796,128475],{},[20,145798,145799],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[64,145801,145803],{"className":66,"code":145802,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145804,145805,145813],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145806,145807,145809,145811],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145808,235],{"class":216},[73,145810,221],{"class":220},[73,145812,125279],{"class":116},[73,145814,145815,145817,145819,145821,145823,145825,145827,145829],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,145816,80],{"class":79},[73,145818,84],{"class":83},[73,145820,340],{"class":87},[73,145822,84],{"class":83},[73,145824,276],{"class":245},[73,145826,9139],{"class":83},[73,145828,34985],{"class":245},[73,145830,7704],{"class":83},[20,145832,148],{},[64,145834,145836],{"className":66,"code":145835,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"123\n",[15,145837,145838],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145839,145840],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145841,145835],{"class":116},[403,145843,37711,145845,145847],{"id":145844},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145846,128475],{}," with title case",[20,145849,145850,145852,145853,145856],{},[15,145851,128475],{}," makes ",[1194,145854,145855],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[64,145858,145860],{"className":66,"code":145859,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145861,145862,145874],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145863,145864,145866,145868,145870,145872],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145865,217],{"class":216},[73,145867,221],{"class":220},[73,145869,224],{"class":93},[73,145871,60647],{"class":97},[73,145873,230],{"class":93},[73,145875,145876,145878,145880,145882,145884,145886],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,145877,80],{"class":79},[73,145879,84],{"class":83},[73,145881,246],{"class":245},[73,145883,653],{"class":83},[73,145885,34985],{"class":245},[73,145887,7704],{"class":83},[20,145889,148],{},[64,145891,145893],{"className":66,"code":145892,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145894,145895],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145896,145897,145899],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145898,136621],{"class":34960},[73,145900,145901],{"class":34960}," WORLD\n",[20,145903,145904,145905,145909,145910,145914],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[646,145906,145907],{"href":124324},[15,145908,124327],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[646,145911,145912],{"href":130178},[15,145913,124768],{}," changes parts of a string.",[59,145916,145918],{"id":145917},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145920,145921,145922,1063],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145923,128475],{},[33,145925,145926,145933,145940,145947],{},[36,145927,145928,145932],{},[646,145929,145930],{"href":124324},[15,145931,124327],{}," for lowercase text",[36,145934,145935,145939],{},[646,145936,145937],{"href":137167},[15,145938,42153],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[36,145941,145942,145946],{},[646,145943,145944],{"href":130178},[15,145945,124768],{}," for changing parts of a string",[36,145948,145949,1647,145951,145953],{},[15,145950,127965],{},[15,145952,126655],{}," for checks",[20,145955,206],{},[64,145957,145959],{"className":66,"code":145958,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145960,145961,145973,145977,145992,146008,146012],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,145962,145963,145965,145967,145969,145971],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,145964,217],{"class":216},[73,145966,221],{"class":220},[73,145968,224],{"class":93},[73,145970,143695],{"class":97},[73,145972,230],{"class":93},[73,145974,145975],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,145976,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,145978,145979,145982,145984,145986,145988,145990],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,145980,145981],{"class":216},"cleaned ",[73,145983,221],{"class":220},[73,145985,43335],{"class":216},[73,145987,653],{"class":83},[73,145989,9142],{"class":245},[73,145991,9151],{"class":83},[73,145993,145994,145997,145999,146002,146004,146006],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,145995,145996],{"class":216},"loud ",[73,145998,221],{"class":220},[73,146000,146001],{"class":216}," cleaned",[73,146003,653],{"class":83},[73,146005,34985],{"class":245},[73,146007,9151],{"class":83},[73,146009,146010],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,146011,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,146013,146014,146016,146018,146021],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,146015,80],{"class":79},[73,146017,84],{"class":83},[73,146019,146020],{"class":245},"loud",[73,146022,249],{"class":83},[20,146024,148],{},[64,146026,146027],{"className":66,"code":145892,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,146028,146029],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146030,146031,146033],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146032,136621],{"class":34960},[73,146034,145901],{"class":34960},[59,146036,2350],{"id":2349},[403,146038,2354,146040,124924],{"id":146039},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,146041,128475],{},[20,146043,146044],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[403,146046,2354,146048,137901],{"id":146047},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,146049,128475],{},[20,146051,146052,146053,653],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,146054,145646],{},[403,146056,146058],{"id":146057},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,146060,146061,146062,146064],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,146063,128475],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[403,146066,28838,146068,146070],{"id":146067},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,146069,128475],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,146072,146073],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,146075,206],{},[64,146077,146079],{"className":66,"code":146078,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,146080,146081,146093,146106,146110],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146082,146083,146085,146087,146089,146091],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146084,3086],{"class":216},[73,146086,221],{"class":220},[73,146088,224],{"class":93},[73,146090,68],{"class":97},[73,146092,230],{"class":93},[73,146094,146095,146097,146099,146101,146104],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,146096,3114],{"class":216},[73,146098,221],{"class":220},[73,146100,224],{"class":93},[73,146102,146103],{"class":97},"PYTHON",[73,146105,230],{"class":93},[73,146107,146108],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,146109,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,146111,146112,146114,146116,146118,146120,146122,146124,146126,146128,146130,146132],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,146113,80],{"class":79},[73,146115,84],{"class":83},[73,146117,646],{"class":245},[73,146119,653],{"class":83},[73,146121,34985],{"class":245},[73,146123,1052],{"class":83},[73,146125,6918],{"class":220},[73,146127,3091],{"class":245},[73,146129,653],{"class":83},[73,146131,34985],{"class":245},[73,146133,7704],{"class":83},[20,146135,148],{},[64,146137,146138],{"className":66,"code":4490,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,146139,146140],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146141,146142],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146143,4490],{"class":484},[59,146145,2413],{"id":2412},[33,146147,146148,146152,146158,146164,146170,146174,146178],{},[36,146149,146150],{},[646,146151,125352],{"href":51213},[36,146153,146154],{},[646,146155,126597,146156,11248],{"href":124324},[15,146157,124327],{},[36,146159,146160],{},[646,146161,126597,146162,11248],{"href":137167},[15,146163,42153],{},[36,146165,146166],{},[646,146167,126597,146168,11248],{"href":130178},[15,146169,124768],{},[36,146171,146172],{},[646,146173,90925],{"href":89934},[36,146175,146176],{},[646,146177,124996],{"href":123852},[36,146179,146180],{},[646,146181,137987],{"href":136568},[2459,146183,146184],{},"html 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":146186},[146187,146188,146190,146191,146192,146194,146195,146197,146204,146205,146214],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":145110,"depth":105,"text":146189},"What upper() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":11984,"depth":105,"text":11985},{"id":145320,"depth":105,"text":146193},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145456,"depth":105,"text":145457},{"id":145538,"depth":105,"text":146196},"When to use upper()",{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102,"children":146198},[146199,146200,146202],{"id":96130,"depth":122,"text":96131},{"id":145753,"depth":122,"text":146201},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145844,"depth":122,"text":146203},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145917,"depth":105,"text":145918},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":146206},[146207,146209,146211,146212],{"id":146039,"depth":122,"text":146208},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":146047,"depth":122,"text":146210},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":146057,"depth":122,"text":146058},{"id":146067,"depth":122,"text":146213},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":145034,"description":146215},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":146222,"title":146223,"body":146224,"description":148101,"extension":2511,"meta":148102,"navigation":254,"path":148103,"seo":148104,"stem":148105,"__hash__":148106},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":146225,"toc":148051},[146226,146232,146239,146245,146247,146303,146308,146313,146318,146321,146340,146343,146345,146369,146387,146398,146400,146403,146456,146458,146466,146468,146486,146491,146494,146551,146553,146562,146565,146585,146588,146594,146599,146601,146644,146646,146654,146657,146698,146700,146709,146715,146721,146748,146750,146758,146763,146767,146779,146822,146824,146832,146837,146843,146848,146852,146854,146897,146900,146947,146949,146958,146965,146969,146972,147018,147023,147027,147029,147072,147075,147083,147085,147090,147092,147094,147113,147116,147128,147130,147149,147151,147159,147163,147165,147216,147219,147294,147296,147304,147307,147311,147313,147360,147363,147434,147436,147444,147450,147452,147527,147531,147610,147612,147620,147626,147632,147637,147642,147691,147695,147766,147769,147774,147785,147788,147799,147809,147811,147816,147841,147846,147927,147929,147954,147956,147961,147964,147970,147979,147985,147988,147994,148000,148007,148010,148012,148048],[10,146227,13,146229,18],{"id":146228},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,146230,146231],{},"sum()",[20,146233,9629,146234,146236,146237,25274],{},[15,146235,146231],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,146238,60239],{},[20,146240,146241,146242,146244],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,146243,36579],{}," value and a few important limits.",[59,146246,62],{"id":61},[64,146248,146250],{"className":66,"code":146249,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,146251,146252,146276,146291],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146253,146254,146256,146258,146260,146262,146264,146266,146268,146270,146272,146274],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146255,4134],{"class":216},[73,146257,221],{"class":220},[73,146259,891],{"class":83},[73,146261,2397],{"class":116},[73,146263,140],{"class":83},[73,146265,143],{"class":116},[73,146267,140],{"class":83},[73,146269,2982],{"class":116},[73,146271,140],{"class":83},[73,146273,2988],{"class":116},[73,146275,924],{"class":83},[73,146277,146278,146280,146282,146285,146287,146289],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,146279,1407],{"class":216},[73,146281,221],{"class":220},[73,146283,146284],{"class":79}," sum",[73,146286,84],{"class":83},[73,146288,4164],{"class":245},[73,146290,249],{"class":83},[73,146292,146293,146295,146297,146299,146301],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,146294,80],{"class":79},[73,146296,84],{"class":83},[73,146298,1431],{"class":245},[73,146300,4177],{"class":83},[73,146302,27305],{"class":769},[20,146304,171,146305,146307],{},[15,146306,146231],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[59,146309,178,146311,181],{"id":146310},"what-sum-does",[15,146312,146231],{},[20,146314,146315,146317],{},[15,146316,146231],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,146319,146320],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[33,146322,146323,146326,146329,146334],{},[36,146324,146325],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[36,146327,146328],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[36,146330,146331,146332],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,146333,36705],{},[36,146335,146336,146337,146339],{},"Counting ",[15,146338,430],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,146341,146342],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[59,146344,370],{"id":369},[64,146346,146348],{"className":66,"code":146347,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,146349,146350],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146351,146352,146355,146357,146359,146361,146363,146365,146367],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146353,146354],{"class":79},"sum",[73,146356,84],{"class":83},[73,146358,4235],{"class":245},[73,146360,140],{"class":83},[73,146362,36558],{"class":9682},[73,146364,221],{"class":220},[73,146366,806],{"class":116},[73,146368,249],{"class":83},[33,146370,146371,146376,146381],{},[36,146372,146373,146375],{},[15,146374,4235],{}," is the group of values to add",[36,146377,146378,146380],{},[15,146379,36579],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[36,146382,146383,146384],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,146385,146386],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,146388,146389,146390,146393,146394,653],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146391,146392,4235],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[646,146395,146396,25127],{"href":36702},[15,146397,36705],{},[59,146399,11985],{"id":11984},[20,146401,146402],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[64,146404,146406],{"className":66,"code":146405,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146407,146408,146428,146442,146446],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146409,146410,146412,146414,146416,146418,146420,146422,146424,146426],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146411,4134],{"class":216},[73,146413,221],{"class":220},[73,146415,891],{"class":83},[73,146417,688],{"class":116},[73,146419,140],{"class":83},[73,146421,6516],{"class":116},[73,146423,140],{"class":83},[73,146425,38443],{"class":116},[73,146427,924],{"class":83},[73,146429,146430,146432,146434,146436,146438,146440],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,146431,1407],{"class":216},[73,146433,221],{"class":220},[73,146435,146284],{"class":79},[73,146437,84],{"class":83},[73,146439,4164],{"class":245},[73,146441,249],{"class":83},[73,146443,146444],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,146445,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,146447,146448,146450,146452,146454],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,146449,80],{"class":79},[73,146451,84],{"class":83},[73,146453,1431],{"class":245},[73,146455,249],{"class":83},[20,146457,148],{},[64,146459,146460],{"className":66,"code":70082,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,146461,146462],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146463,146464],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146465,70082],{"class":116},[20,146467,12194],{},[33,146469,146470,146475,146481],{},[36,146471,146472,146474],{},[15,146473,4164],{}," contains three integers",[36,146476,146477,146480],{},[15,146478,146479],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[36,146482,146483,146484],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146485,1431],{},[59,146487,37120,146489,8942],{"id":146488},"using-the-start-value",[15,146490,36579],{},[20,146492,146493],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[64,146495,146497],{"className":66,"code":146496,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146498,146499,146519,146537,146541],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146500,146501,146503,146505,146507,146509,146511,146513,146515,146517],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146502,4134],{"class":216},[73,146504,221],{"class":220},[73,146506,891],{"class":83},[73,146508,2397],{"class":116},[73,146510,140],{"class":83},[73,146512,143],{"class":116},[73,146514,140],{"class":83},[73,146516,2982],{"class":116},[73,146518,924],{"class":83},[73,146520,146521,146523,146525,146527,146529,146531,146533,146535],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,146522,1407],{"class":216},[73,146524,221],{"class":220},[73,146526,146284],{"class":79},[73,146528,84],{"class":83},[73,146530,4164],{"class":245},[73,146532,140],{"class":83},[73,146534,6516],{"class":116},[73,146536,249],{"class":83},[73,146538,146539],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,146540,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,146542,146543,146545,146547,146549],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,146544,80],{"class":79},[73,146546,84],{"class":83},[73,146548,1431],{"class":245},[73,146550,249],{"class":83},[20,146552,148],{},[64,146554,146556],{"className":66,"code":146555,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"16\n",[15,146557,146558],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146559,146560],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146561,146555],{"class":116},[20,146563,146564],{},"This works like:",[33,146566,146567,146572,146577,146581],{},[36,146568,146569,146570],{},"Start at ",[15,146571,452],{},[36,146573,146574,146575],{},"Add ",[15,146576,2397],{},[36,146578,146574,146579],{},[15,146580,530],{},[36,146582,146574,146583],{},[15,146584,1304],{},[20,146586,146587],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[59,146589,178,146591,146593],{"id":146590},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146592,146231],{}," can work with",[20,146595,146596,146598],{},[15,146597,146231],{}," works with numeric values.",[403,146600,40931],{"id":40930},[64,146602,146604],{"className":66,"code":146603,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146605,146606,146630],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146607,146608,146610,146612,146614,146616,146618,146620,146622,146624,146626,146628],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146609,886],{"class":216},[73,146611,221],{"class":220},[73,146613,891],{"class":83},[73,146615,2397],{"class":116},[73,146617,140],{"class":83},[73,146619,143],{"class":116},[73,146621,140],{"class":83},[73,146623,2982],{"class":116},[73,146625,140],{"class":83},[73,146627,2988],{"class":116},[73,146629,924],{"class":83},[73,146631,146632,146634,146636,146638,146640,146642],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,146633,80],{"class":79},[73,146635,84],{"class":83},[73,146637,146354],{"class":79},[73,146639,84],{"class":83},[73,146641,5871],{"class":245},[73,146643,102],{"class":83},[20,146645,148],{},[64,146647,146648],{"className":66,"code":498,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,146649,146650],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146651,146652],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146653,498],{"class":116},[403,146655,146656],{"id":52284},"Floats",[64,146658,146660],{"className":66,"code":146659,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146661,146662,146684],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146663,146664,146666,146668,146670,146672,146674,146677,146679,146682],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146665,83290],{"class":216},[73,146667,221],{"class":220},[73,146669,891],{"class":83},[73,146671,41662],{"class":116},[73,146673,140],{"class":83},[73,146675,146676],{"class":116}," 3.75",[73,146678,140],{"class":83},[73,146680,146681],{"class":116}," 1.25",[73,146683,924],{"class":83},[73,146685,146686,146688,146690,146692,146694,146696],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,146687,80],{"class":79},[73,146689,84],{"class":83},[73,146691,146354],{"class":79},[73,146693,84],{"class":83},[73,146695,83326],{"class":245},[73,146697,102],{"class":83},[20,146699,148],{},[64,146701,146703],{"className":66,"code":146702,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"7.5\n",[15,146704,146705],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146706,146707],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146708,146702],{"class":116},[20,146710,146711,146712,653],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[646,146713,146714],{"href":2950},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[403,146716,146718,146719],{"id":146717},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146720,36705],{},[64,146722,146724],{"className":66,"code":146723,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146725,146726],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146727,146728,146730,146732,146734,146736,146738,146740,146742,146744,146746],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146729,80],{"class":79},[73,146731,84],{"class":83},[73,146733,146354],{"class":79},[73,146735,84],{"class":83},[73,146737,60239],{"class":79},[73,146739,84],{"class":83},[73,146741,2397],{"class":116},[73,146743,140],{"class":83},[73,146745,38150],{"class":116},[73,146747,1784],{"class":83},[20,146749,148],{},[64,146751,146752],{"className":66,"code":636,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,146753,146754],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146755,146756],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146757,636],{"class":116},[20,146759,113801,146760,653],{},[15,146761,146762],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[403,146764,146766],{"id":146765},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146768,146769,146770,146772,146773,1647,146775,146772,146777,653],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146771,430],{}," acts like ",[15,146774,2397],{},[15,146776,1367],{},[15,146778,806],{},[64,146780,146782],{"className":66,"code":146781,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146783,146784,146808],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146785,146786,146788,146790,146792,146794,146796,146798,146800,146802,146804,146806],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146787,52204],{"class":216},[73,146789,221],{"class":220},[73,146791,891],{"class":83},[73,146793,430],{"class":484},[73,146795,140],{"class":83},[73,146797,4417],{"class":484},[73,146799,140],{"class":83},[73,146801,4426],{"class":484},[73,146803,140],{"class":83},[73,146805,4426],{"class":484},[73,146807,924],{"class":83},[73,146809,146810,146812,146814,146816,146818,146820],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,146811,80],{"class":79},[73,146813,84],{"class":83},[73,146815,146354],{"class":79},[73,146817,84],{"class":83},[73,146819,52257],{"class":245},[73,146821,102],{"class":83},[20,146823,148],{},[64,146825,146826],{"className":66,"code":163,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,146827,146828],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146829,146830],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146831,163],{"class":116},[20,146833,146834,146835,653],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146836,430],{},[59,146838,178,146840,146842],{"id":146839},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146841,146231],{}," does not work with",[20,146844,146845,146847],{},[15,146846,146231],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[403,146849,146851],{"id":146850},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146853,3367],{},[64,146855,146857],{"className":66,"code":146856,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146858,146859,146883],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146860,146861,146863,146865,146867,146869,146871,146873,146875,146877,146879,146881],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146862,4581],{"class":216},[73,146864,221],{"class":220},[73,146866,891],{"class":83},[73,146868,94],{"class":93},[73,146870,4357],{"class":97},[73,146872,94],{"class":93},[73,146874,140],{"class":83},[73,146876,224],{"class":93},[73,146878,60832],{"class":97},[73,146880,94],{"class":93},[73,146882,924],{"class":83},[73,146884,146885,146887,146889,146891,146893,146895],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,146886,80],{"class":79},[73,146888,84],{"class":83},[73,146890,146354],{"class":79},[73,146892,84],{"class":83},[73,146894,4625],{"class":245},[73,146896,102],{"class":83},[20,146898,146899],{},"Use string joining instead:",[64,146901,146903],{"className":66,"code":146902,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146904,146905,146929],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146906,146907,146909,146911,146913,146915,146917,146919,146921,146923,146925,146927],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146908,4581],{"class":216},[73,146910,221],{"class":220},[73,146912,891],{"class":83},[73,146914,94],{"class":93},[73,146916,4357],{"class":97},[73,146918,94],{"class":93},[73,146920,140],{"class":83},[73,146922,224],{"class":93},[73,146924,60832],{"class":97},[73,146926,94],{"class":93},[73,146928,924],{"class":83},[73,146930,146931,146933,146935,146937,146939,146941,146943,146945],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,146932,80],{"class":79},[73,146934,84],{"class":83},[73,146936,6783],{"class":93},[73,146938,653],{"class":83},[73,146940,133756],{"class":245},[73,146942,84],{"class":83},[73,146944,4625],{"class":245},[73,146946,102],{"class":83},[20,146948,148],{},[64,146950,146952],{"className":66,"code":146951,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"helloworld\n",[15,146953,146954],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146955,146956],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146957,146951],{"class":216},[20,146959,146960,146961,653],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[646,146962,146963,6295],{"href":1323},[15,146964,1326],{},[403,146966,146968],{"id":146967},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146970,146971],{},"This also causes an error:",[64,146973,146975],{"className":66,"code":146974,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146976,146977,147004],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,146978,146979,146982,146984,146986,146988,146990,146992,146994,146996,146998,147000,147002],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,146980,146981],{"class":216},"lists ",[73,146983,221],{"class":220},[73,146985,56533],{"class":83},[73,146987,2397],{"class":116},[73,146989,140],{"class":83},[73,146991,143],{"class":116},[73,146993,18574],{"class":83},[73,146995,891],{"class":83},[73,146997,1304],{"class":116},[73,146999,140],{"class":83},[73,147001,2988],{"class":116},[73,147003,53481],{"class":83},[73,147005,147006,147008,147010,147012,147014,147016],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,147007,80],{"class":79},[73,147009,84],{"class":83},[73,147011,146354],{"class":79},[73,147013,84],{"class":83},[73,147015,5812],{"class":245},[73,147017,102],{"class":83},[20,147019,147020,147022],{},[15,147021,146231],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[403,147024,147026],{"id":147025},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,147028,5985],{},[64,147030,147032],{"className":66,"code":147031,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147033,147034,147058],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,147035,147036,147038,147040,147042,147044,147046,147048,147050,147052,147054,147056],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,147037,886],{"class":216},[73,147039,221],{"class":220},[73,147041,891],{"class":83},[73,147043,2397],{"class":116},[73,147045,140],{"class":83},[73,147047,143],{"class":116},[73,147049,140],{"class":83},[73,147051,224],{"class":93},[73,147053,1304],{"class":97},[73,147055,94],{"class":93},[73,147057,924],{"class":83},[73,147059,147060,147062,147064,147066,147068,147070],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,147061,80],{"class":79},[73,147063,84],{"class":83},[73,147065,146354],{"class":79},[73,147067,84],{"class":83},[73,147069,5871],{"class":245},[73,147071,102],{"class":83},[20,147073,147074],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,147076,147077,147078,147080,147081,653],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,147079,66187],{},", convert them first. See ",[646,147082,3487],{"href":1800},[59,147084,42006],{"id":42005},[20,147086,147087,147088,653],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,147089,146231],{},[403,147091,7033],{"id":7032},[20,147093,5038],{},[64,147095,147097],{"className":66,"code":147096,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,147098,147099],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,147100,147101,147103,147105,147107,147109,147111],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,147102,80],{"class":79},[73,147104,84],{"class":83},[73,147106,146354],{"class":79},[73,147108,84],{"class":83},[73,147110,688],{"class":116},[73,147112,102],{"class":83},[20,147114,147115],{},"Why it fails:",[33,147117,147118,147123],{},[36,147119,147120,147122],{},[15,147121,688],{}," is a single integer",[36,147124,147125,147127],{},[15,147126,146231],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,147129,7063],{},[64,147131,147133],{"className":66,"code":147132,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,147134,147135],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,147136,147137,147139,147141,147143,147145,147147],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,147138,80],{"class":79},[73,147140,84],{"class":83},[73,147142,146354],{"class":79},[73,147144,3510],{"class":83},[73,147146,688],{"class":116},[73,147148,3523],{"class":83},[20,147150,148],{},[64,147152,147153],{"className":66,"code":168,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,147154,147155],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,147156,147157],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,147158,168],{"class":116},[403,147160,147162],{"id":147161},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,147164,5038],{},[64,147166,147168],{"className":66,"code":147167,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147169,147170,147202],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,147171,147172,147174,147176,147178,147180,147182,147184,147186,147188,147190,147192,147194,147196,147198,147200],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,147173,886],{"class":216},[73,147175,221],{"class":220},[73,147177,891],{"class":83},[73,147179,94],{"class":93},[73,147181,2397],{"class":97},[73,147183,94],{"class":93},[73,147185,140],{"class":83},[73,147187,224],{"class":93},[73,147189,530],{"class":97},[73,147191,94],{"class":93},[73,147193,140],{"class":83},[73,147195,224],{"class":93},[73,147197,1304],{"class":97},[73,147199,94],{"class":93},[73,147201,924],{"class":83},[73,147203,147204,147206,147208,147210,147212,147214],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,147205,80],{"class":79},[73,147207,84],{"class":83},[73,147209,146354],{"class":79},[73,147211,84],{"class":83},[73,147213,5871],{"class":245},[73,147215,102],{"class":83},[20,147217,147218],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[64,147220,147222],{"className":66,"code":147221,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147223,147224,147256,147284],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,147225,147226,147228,147230,147232,147234,147236,147238,147240,147242,147244,147246,147248,147250,147252,147254],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,147227,886],{"class":216},[73,147229,221],{"class":220},[73,147231,891],{"class":83},[73,147233,94],{"class":93},[73,147235,2397],{"class":97},[73,147237,94],{"class":93},[73,147239,140],{"class":83},[73,147241,224],{"class":93},[73,147243,530],{"class":97},[73,147245,94],{"class":93},[73,147247,140],{"class":83},[73,147249,224],{"class":93},[73,147251,1304],{"class":97},[73,147253,94],{"class":93},[73,147255,924],{"class":83},[73,147257,147258,147260,147262,147264,147266,147268,147270,147272,147274,147276,147278,147280,147282],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,147259,1407],{"class":216},[73,147261,221],{"class":220},[73,147263,146284],{"class":79},[73,147265,84],{"class":83},[73,147267,88],{"class":87},[73,147269,84],{"class":83},[73,147271,384],{"class":245},[73,147273,4177],{"class":83},[73,147275,4388],{"class":933},[73,147277,4391],{"class":245},[73,147279,940],{"class":933},[73,147281,943],{"class":245},[73,147283,249],{"class":83},[73,147285,147286,147288,147290,147292],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,147287,80],{"class":79},[73,147289,84],{"class":83},[73,147291,1431],{"class":245},[73,147293,249],{"class":83},[20,147295,148],{},[64,147297,147298],{"className":66,"code":3187,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,147299,147300],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,147301,147302],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,147303,3187],{"class":116},[20,147305,147306],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[403,147308,147310],{"id":147309},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,147312,5038],{},[64,147314,147316],{"className":66,"code":147315,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147317,147318,147346],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,147319,147320,147322,147324,147326,147328,147330,147332,147334,147336,147338,147340,147342,147344],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,147321,886],{"class":216},[73,147323,221],{"class":220},[73,147325,891],{"class":83},[73,147327,2397],{"class":116},[73,147329,140],{"class":83},[73,147331,143],{"class":116},[73,147333,140],{"class":83},[73,147335,224],{"class":93},[73,147337,1304],{"class":97},[73,147339,94],{"class":93},[73,147341,140],{"class":83},[73,147343,2988],{"class":116},[73,147345,924],{"class":83},[73,147347,147348,147350,147352,147354,147356,147358],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,147349,80],{"class":79},[73,147351,84],{"class":83},[73,147353,146354],{"class":79},[73,147355,84],{"class":83},[73,147357,5871],{"class":245},[73,147359,102],{"class":83},[20,147361,147362],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[64,147364,147366],{"className":66,"code":147365,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147367,147368,147396,147424],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,147369,147370,147372,147374,147376,147378,147380,147382,147384,147386,147388,147390,147392,147394],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,147371,886],{"class":216},[73,147373,221],{"class":220},[73,147375,891],{"class":83},[73,147377,2397],{"class":116},[73,147379,140],{"class":83},[73,147381,143],{"class":116},[73,147383,140],{"class":83},[73,147385,224],{"class":93},[73,147387,1304],{"class":97},[73,147389,94],{"class":93},[73,147391,140],{"class":83},[73,147393,2988],{"class":116},[73,147395,924],{"class":83},[73,147397,147398,147400,147402,147404,147406,147408,147410,147412,147414,147416,147418,147420,147422],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,147399,1407],{"class":216},[73,147401,221],{"class":220},[73,147403,146284],{"class":79},[73,147405,84],{"class":83},[73,147407,88],{"class":87},[73,147409,84],{"class":83},[73,147411,384],{"class":245},[73,147413,4177],{"class":83},[73,147415,4388],{"class":933},[73,147417,4391],{"class":245},[73,147419,940],{"class":933},[73,147421,943],{"class":245},[73,147423,249],{"class":83},[73,147425,147426,147428,147430,147432],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,147427,80],{"class":79},[73,147429,84],{"class":83},[73,147431,1431],{"class":245},[73,147433,249],{"class":83},[20,147435,148],{},[64,147437,147438],{"className":66,"code":498,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,147439,147440],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,147441,147442],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,147443,498],{"class":116},[403,147445,657,147447,147449],{"id":147446},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,147448,146231],{}," to join text",[20,147451,5038],{},[64,147453,147455],{"className":66,"code":147454,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,147456,147457,147513],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,147458,147459,147461,147463,147465,147467,147469,147471,147473,147475,147477,147479,147481,147483,147485,147487,147489,147491,147493,147495,147497,147499,147501,147503,147505,147507,147509,147511],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,147460,36597],{"class":216},[73,147462,221],{"class":220},[73,147464,891],{"class":83},[73,147466,94],{"class":93},[73,147468,134355],{"class":97},[73,147470,94],{"class":93},[73,147472,140],{"class":83},[73,147474,224],{"class":93},[73,147476,12256],{"class":97},[73,147478,94],{"class":93},[73,147480,140],{"class":83},[73,147482,224],{"class":93},[73,147484,63528],{"class":97},[73,147486,94],{"class":93},[73,147488,140],{"class":83},[73,147490,224],{"class":93},[73,147492,60679],{"class":97},[73,147494,94],{"class":93},[73,147496,140],{"class":83},[73,147498,224],{"class":93},[73,147500,60714],{"class":97},[73,147502,94],{"class":93},[73,147504,140],{"class":83},[73,147506,224],{"class":93},[73,147508,76272],{"class":97},[73,147510,94],{"class":93},[73,147512,924],{"class":83},[73,147514,147515,147517,147519,147521,147523,147525],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,147516,80],{"class":79},[73,147518,84],{"class":83},[73,147520,146354],{"class":79},[73,147522,84],{"class":83},[73,147524,36650],{"class":245},[73,147526,102],{"class":83},[20,147528,171,147529,60773],{},[15,147530,133679],{},[64,147532,147534],{"className":66,"code":147533,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147535,147536,147592],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,147537,147538,147540,147542,147544,147546,147548,147550,147552,147554,147556,147558,147560,147562,147564,147566,147568,147570,147572,147574,147576,147578,147580,147582,147584,147586,147588,147590],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,147539,36597],{"class":216},[73,147541,221],{"class":220},[73,147543,891],{"class":83},[73,147545,94],{"class":93},[73,147547,134355],{"class":97},[73,147549,94],{"class":93},[73,147551,140],{"class":83},[73,147553,224],{"class":93},[73,147555,12256],{"class":97},[73,147557,94],{"class":93},[73,147559,140],{"class":83},[73,147561,224],{"class":93},[73,147563,63528],{"class":97},[73,147565,94],{"class":93},[73,147567,140],{"class":83},[73,147569,224],{"class":93},[73,147571,60679],{"class":97},[73,147573,94],{"class":93},[73,147575,140],{"class":83},[73,147577,224],{"class":93},[73,147579,60714],{"class":97},[73,147581,94],{"class":93},[73,147583,140],{"class":83},[73,147585,224],{"class":93},[73,147587,76272],{"class":97},[73,147589,94],{"class":93},[73,147591,924],{"class":83},[73,147593,147594,147596,147598,147600,147602,147604,147606,147608],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,147595,80],{"class":79},[73,147597,84],{"class":83},[73,147599,6783],{"class":93},[73,147601,653],{"class":83},[73,147603,133756],{"class":245},[73,147605,84],{"class":83},[73,147607,36650],{"class":245},[73,147609,102],{"class":83},[20,147611,148],{},[64,147613,147614],{"className":66,"code":134436,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,147615,147616],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,147617,147618],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,147619,134436],{"class":216},[20,147621,147622,147623,653],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[646,147624,147625],{"href":135517},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[59,147627,147629,147631],{"id":147628},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147630,146231],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147633,147634,147636],{},[15,147635,146231],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[403,147638,657,147640],{"id":147639},"using-sum",[15,147641,146231],{},[64,147643,147645],{"className":66,"code":147644,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147646,147647,147667,147681],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,147648,147649,147651,147653,147655,147657,147659,147661,147663,147665],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,147650,4134],{"class":216},[73,147652,221],{"class":220},[73,147654,891],{"class":83},[73,147656,3036],{"class":116},[73,147658,140],{"class":83},[73,147660,6505],{"class":116},[73,147662,140],{"class":83},[73,147664,54375],{"class":116},[73,147666,924],{"class":83},[73,147668,147669,147671,147673,147675,147677,147679],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,147670,1407],{"class":216},[73,147672,221],{"class":220},[73,147674,146284],{"class":79},[73,147676,84],{"class":83},[73,147678,4164],{"class":245},[73,147680,249],{"class":83},[73,147682,147683,147685,147687,147689],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,147684,80],{"class":79},[73,147686,84],{"class":83},[73,147688,1431],{"class":245},[73,147690,249],{"class":83},[403,147692,147694],{"id":147693},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[64,147696,147698],{"className":66,"code":147697,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147699,147700,147720,147728,147732,147744,147752,147756],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,147701,147702,147704,147706,147708,147710,147712,147714,147716,147718],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,147703,4134],{"class":216},[73,147705,221],{"class":220},[73,147707,891],{"class":83},[73,147709,3036],{"class":116},[73,147711,140],{"class":83},[73,147713,6505],{"class":116},[73,147715,140],{"class":83},[73,147717,54375],{"class":116},[73,147719,924],{"class":83},[73,147721,147722,147724,147726],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,147723,1407],{"class":216},[73,147725,221],{"class":220},[73,147727,39020],{"class":116},[73,147729,147730],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,147731,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,147733,147734,147736,147738,147740,147742],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,147735,934],{"class":933},[73,147737,6897],{"class":216},[73,147739,940],{"class":933},[73,147741,4775],{"class":216},[73,147743,946],{"class":83},[73,147745,147746,147748,147750],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,147747,90349],{"class":216},[73,147749,90352],{"class":220},[73,147751,90355],{"class":216},[73,147753,147754],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,147755,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,147757,147758,147760,147762,147764],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,147759,80],{"class":79},[73,147761,84],{"class":83},[73,147763,1431],{"class":245},[73,147765,249],{"class":83},[20,147767,147768],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147770,3019,147771,147773],{},[15,147772,146231],{}," is often better:",[33,147775,147776,147779,147782],{},[36,147777,147778],{},"Shorter code",[36,147780,147781],{},"Easier to read",[36,147783,147784],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147786,147787],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[33,147789,147790,147793,147796],{},[36,147791,147792],{},"You need to skip some values",[36,147794,147795],{},"You need extra checks",[36,147797,147798],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147800,147801,147802,147805,147806,147808],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[646,147803,147804],{"href":40515},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147807,146231],{}," on the filtered result.",[59,147810,2102],{"id":2101},[20,147812,147813,147814,1063],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147815,146231],{},[33,147817,147818,147824,147831,147838],{},[36,147819,147820,147821],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147822,147823],{},"sum(5)",[36,147825,147826,147827,147830],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147828,147829],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[36,147832,657,147833,147835,147836],{},[15,147834,146231],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147837,133679],{},[36,147839,147840],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147842,9384,147843,147845],{},[15,147844,146231],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[64,147847,147849],{"className":66,"code":147848,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147850,147851,147861,147875,147899],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,147852,147853,147855,147857,147859],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,147854,80],{"class":79},[73,147856,84],{"class":83},[73,147858,5871],{"class":245},[73,147860,249],{"class":83},[73,147862,147863,147865,147867,147869,147871,147873],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,147864,80],{"class":79},[73,147866,84],{"class":83},[73,147868,288],{"class":87},[73,147870,84],{"class":83},[73,147872,5871],{"class":245},[73,147874,102],{"class":83},[73,147876,147877,147879,147881,147883,147885,147887,147889,147891,147893,147895,147897],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,147878,80],{"class":79},[73,147880,3510],{"class":83},[73,147882,288],{"class":87},[73,147884,84],{"class":83},[73,147886,384],{"class":245},[73,147888,4177],{"class":83},[73,147890,4388],{"class":933},[73,147892,4391],{"class":245},[73,147894,940],{"class":933},[73,147896,943],{"class":245},[73,147898,4398],{"class":83},[73,147900,147901,147903,147905,147907,147909,147911,147913,147915,147917,147919,147921,147923,147925],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,147902,80],{"class":79},[73,147904,84],{"class":83},[73,147906,146354],{"class":79},[73,147908,3510],{"class":83},[73,147910,88],{"class":87},[73,147912,84],{"class":83},[73,147914,384],{"class":245},[73,147916,4177],{"class":83},[73,147918,4388],{"class":933},[73,147920,4391],{"class":245},[73,147922,940],{"class":933},[73,147924,943],{"class":245},[73,147926,3523],{"class":83},[20,147928,136250],{},[33,147930,147931,147937,147943,147948],{},[36,147932,147933,147936],{},[15,147934,147935],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[36,147938,147939,147942],{},[15,147940,147941],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[36,147944,147945,136272],{},[15,147946,147947],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[36,147949,147950,147953],{},[15,147951,147952],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[59,147955,2350],{"id":2349},[403,147957,2387,147959,5658],{"id":147958},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147960,146231],{},[20,147962,147963],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[403,147965,5681,147967,147969],{"id":147966},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147968,146231],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147971,30777,147972,3408,147975,147978],{},[15,147973,147974],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147976,147977],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[403,147980,5681,147982,147984],{"id":147981},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147983,146231],{}," work with floats?",[20,147986,147987],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[403,147989,147991,147992,3023],{"id":147990},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147993,146231],{},[20,147995,147996,147997,147999],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147998,36579],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[403,148001,2367,148003,119635,148005,3023],{"id":148002},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,148004,146231],{},[15,148006,1630],{},[20,148008,148009],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[59,148011,2413],{"id":2412},[33,148013,148014,148018,148024,148030,148036,148040,148044],{},[36,148015,148016],{},[646,148017,146714],{"href":2950},[36,148019,148020],{},[646,148021,13,148022,2422],{"href":36702},[15,148023,36705],{},[36,148025,148026],{},[646,148027,13,148028,2422],{"href":42852},[15,148029,42855],{},[36,148031,148032],{},[646,148033,13,148034,2422],{"href":1323},[15,148035,1326],{},[36,148037,148038],{},[646,148039,5733],{"href":40515},[36,148041,148042],{},[646,148043,4043],{"href":1800},[36,148045,148046],{},[646,148047,147625],{"href":135517},[2459,148049,148050],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":148052},[148053,148054,148056,148057,148058,148060,148068,148074,148081,148087,148088,148100],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":146310,"depth":105,"text":148055},"What sum() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":11984,"depth":105,"text":11985},{"id":146488,"depth":105,"text":148059},"Using the start value",{"id":146590,"depth":105,"text":148061,"children":148062},"What sum() can work with",[148063,148064,148065,148067],{"id":40930,"depth":122,"text":40931},{"id":52284,"depth":122,"text":146656},{"id":146717,"depth":122,"text":148066},"Values from range()",{"id":146765,"depth":122,"text":146766},{"id":146839,"depth":105,"text":148069,"children":148070},"What sum() does not work with",[148071,148072,148073],{"id":146850,"depth":122,"text":146851},{"id":146967,"depth":122,"text":146968},{"id":147025,"depth":122,"text":147026},{"id":42005,"depth":105,"text":42006,"children":148075},[148076,148077,148078,148079],{"id":7032,"depth":122,"text":7033},{"id":147161,"depth":122,"text":147162},{"id":147309,"depth":122,"text":147310},{"id":147446,"depth":122,"text":148080},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147628,"depth":105,"text":148082,"children":148083},"sum() vs manual loop",[148084,148086],{"id":147639,"depth":122,"text":148085},"Using sum()",{"id":147693,"depth":122,"text":147694},{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":148089},[148090,148092,148094,148096,148098],{"id":147958,"depth":122,"text":148091},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147966,"depth":122,"text":148093},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147981,"depth":122,"text":148095},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147990,"depth":122,"text":148097},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":148002,"depth":122,"text":148099},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":146223,"description":148101},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":148108,"title":148109,"body":148110,"description":149512,"extension":2511,"meta":149513,"navigation":254,"path":149514,"seo":149515,"stem":149516,"__hash__":149517},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":148111,"toc":149480},[148112,148118,148124,148127,148190,148196,148201,148205,148222,148236,148240,148260,148274,148276,148369,148371,148385,148387,148390,148479,148481,148489,148498,148500,148504,148525,148527,148619,148621,148642,148644,148648,148662,148664,148738,148740,148759,148763,148766,148789,148791,148902,148909,148917,148919,148925,148928,148971,148974,148997,149005,149009,149084,149090,149115,149122,149125,149128,149132,149137,149225,149233,149237,149240,149265,149269,149330,149334,149383,149393,149395,149400,149403,149409,149412,149416,149420,149426,149429,149437,149445,149447,149477],[10,148113,148115,148116,11831],{"id":148114},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,148117,57530],{},[20,148119,148120,148123],{},[15,148121,148122],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,148125,148126],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[64,148128,148130],{"className":66,"code":148129,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,148131,148132,148160,148178],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,148133,148134,148136,148138,148140,148142,148144,148146,148148,148150,148152,148154,148156,148158],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,148135,4134],{"class":216},[73,148137,221],{"class":220},[73,148139,9742],{"class":83},[73,148141,2397],{"class":116},[73,148143,140],{"class":83},[73,148145,143],{"class":116},[73,148147,140],{"class":83},[73,148149,143],{"class":116},[73,148151,140],{"class":83},[73,148153,2982],{"class":116},[73,148155,140],{"class":83},[73,148157,143],{"class":116},[73,148159,249],{"class":83},[73,148161,148162,148164,148166,148168,148170,148172,148174,148176],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,148163,2766],{"class":216},[73,148165,221],{"class":220},[73,148167,4775],{"class":216},[73,148169,653],{"class":83},[73,148171,41761],{"class":245},[73,148173,84],{"class":83},[73,148175,530],{"class":116},[73,148177,249],{"class":83},[73,148179,148180,148182,148184,148186,148188],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,148181,80],{"class":79},[73,148183,84],{"class":83},[73,148185,2800],{"class":245},[73,148187,4177],{"class":83},[73,148189,51008],{"class":769},[20,148191,171,148192,148195],{},[15,148193,148194],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[59,148197,178,148199,181],{"id":148198},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,148200,148122],{},[20,148202,148203,1063],{},[15,148204,148194],{},[33,148206,148207,148213,148216,148219],{},[36,148208,148209,148210,148212],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,148211,967],{}," appears in the tuple",[36,148214,148215],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[36,148217,148218],{},"Returns an integer",[36,148220,148221],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,148223,148224,148225,148227,148228,3408,148232,653],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,148226,57530],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[646,148229,148231],{"href":148230},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[646,148233,148235],{"href":148234},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[59,148237,148239],{"id":148238},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[64,148241,148243],{"className":66,"code":148242,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,148244,148245],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,148246,148247,148250,148252,148254,148256,148258],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,148248,148249],{"class":216},"my_tuple",[73,148251,653],{"class":83},[73,148253,41761],{"class":245},[73,148255,84],{"class":83},[73,148257,967],{"class":245},[73,148259,249],{"class":83},[33,148261,148262,148266,148269],{},[36,148263,148264,57695],{},[15,148265,967],{},[36,148267,148268],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[36,148270,148271,148272],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,148273,806],{},[403,148275,103350],{"id":103349},[64,148277,148279],{"className":66,"code":148278,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,148280,148281,148321,148345],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,148282,148283,148285,148287,148289,148291,148293,148295,148297,148299,148301,148303,148305,148307,148309,148311,148313,148315,148317,148319],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,148284,13586],{"class":216},[73,148286,221],{"class":220},[73,148288,9742],{"class":83},[73,148290,94],{"class":93},[73,148292,13603],{"class":97},[73,148294,94],{"class":93},[73,148296,140],{"class":83},[73,148298,224],{"class":93},[73,148300,13620],{"class":97},[73,148302,94],{"class":93},[73,148304,140],{"class":83},[73,148306,224],{"class":93},[73,148308,13603],{"class":97},[73,148310,94],{"class":93},[73,148312,140],{"class":83},[73,148314,224],{"class":93},[73,148316,17967],{"class":97},[73,148318,94],{"class":93},[73,148320,249],{"class":83},[73,148322,148323,148325,148327,148329,148331,148333,148335,148337,148339,148341,148343],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,148324,80],{"class":79},[73,148326,84],{"class":83},[73,148328,18014],{"class":245},[73,148330,653],{"class":83},[73,148332,41761],{"class":245},[73,148334,84],{"class":83},[73,148336,94],{"class":93},[73,148338,13603],{"class":97},[73,148340,94],{"class":93},[73,148342,5874],{"class":83},[73,148344,57885],{"class":769},[73,148346,148347,148349,148351,148353,148355,148357,148359,148361,148363,148365,148367],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,148348,80],{"class":79},[73,148350,84],{"class":83},[73,148352,18014],{"class":245},[73,148354,653],{"class":83},[73,148356,41761],{"class":245},[73,148358,84],{"class":83},[73,148360,94],{"class":93},[73,148362,23033],{"class":97},[73,148364,94],{"class":93},[73,148366,5874],{"class":83},[73,148368,51485],{"class":769},[20,148370,20469],{},[33,148372,148373,148378],{},[36,148374,148375,148377],{},[15,148376,65634],{}," appears 2 times",[36,148379,148380,148382,148383],{},[15,148381,110046],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,148384,806],{},[59,148386,11985],{"id":11984},[20,148388,148389],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[64,148391,148393],{"className":66,"code":148392,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,148394,148395,148443,148447,148469],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,148396,148397,148399,148401,148403,148405,148407,148409,148411,148413,148415,148417,148419,148421,148423,148425,148427,148429,148431,148433,148435,148437,148439,148441],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,148398,36746],{"class":216},[73,148400,221],{"class":220},[73,148402,9742],{"class":83},[73,148404,94],{"class":93},[73,148406,4590],{"class":97},[73,148408,94],{"class":93},[73,148410,140],{"class":83},[73,148412,224],{"class":93},[73,148414,4599],{"class":97},[73,148416,94],{"class":93},[73,148418,140],{"class":83},[73,148420,224],{"class":93},[73,148422,4590],{"class":97},[73,148424,94],{"class":93},[73,148426,140],{"class":83},[73,148428,224],{"class":93},[73,148430,33727],{"class":97},[73,148432,94],{"class":93},[73,148434,140],{"class":83},[73,148436,224],{"class":93},[73,148438,4590],{"class":97},[73,148440,94],{"class":93},[73,148442,249],{"class":83},[73,148444,148445],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,148446,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,148448,148449,148451,148453,148455,148457,148459,148461,148463,148465,148467],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,148450,2766],{"class":216},[73,148452,221],{"class":220},[73,148454,53090],{"class":216},[73,148456,653],{"class":83},[73,148458,41761],{"class":245},[73,148460,84],{"class":83},[73,148462,94],{"class":93},[73,148464,4590],{"class":97},[73,148466,94],{"class":93},[73,148468,249],{"class":83},[73,148470,148471,148473,148475,148477],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,148472,80],{"class":79},[73,148474,84],{"class":83},[73,148476,2800],{"class":245},[73,148478,249],{"class":83},[20,148480,148],{},[64,148482,148483],{"className":66,"code":163,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,148484,148485],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,148486,148487],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,148488,163],{"class":116},[20,148490,148491,148493,148494,2928,148496,653],{},[15,148492,58073],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148495,57530],{},[15,148497,1304],{},[59,148499,38527],{"id":38526},[20,148501,57784,148502,128985],{},[15,148503,57530],{},[33,148505,148506,148511,148516,148519],{},[36,148507,11933,148508,148510],{},[15,148509,806],{}," when the value does not exist",[36,148512,11933,148513,148515],{},[15,148514,2397],{}," when the value appears once",[36,148517,148518],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[36,148520,148521,148522,148524],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148523,7507],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148526,206],{},[64,148528,148530],{"className":66,"code":148529,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148531,148532,148573,148577,148604],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,148533,148534,148537,148539,148541,148543,148545,148547,148549,148551,148553,148555,148557,148559,148561,148563,148565,148567,148569,148571],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,148535,148536],{"class":216},"answers ",[73,148538,221],{"class":220},[73,148540,9742],{"class":83},[73,148542,94],{"class":93},[73,148544,9166],{"class":97},[73,148546,94],{"class":93},[73,148548,140],{"class":83},[73,148550,224],{"class":93},[73,148552,9106],{"class":97},[73,148554,94],{"class":93},[73,148556,140],{"class":83},[73,148558,224],{"class":93},[73,148560,9166],{"class":97},[73,148562,94],{"class":93},[73,148564,140],{"class":83},[73,148566,224],{"class":93},[73,148568,9166],{"class":97},[73,148570,94],{"class":93},[73,148572,249],{"class":83},[73,148574,148575],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,148576,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,148578,148579,148581,148584,148586,148588,148590,148592,148594,148596,148598,148600,148602],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,148580,7507],{"class":933},[73,148582,148583],{"class":216}," answers",[73,148585,653],{"class":83},[73,148587,41761],{"class":245},[73,148589,84],{"class":83},[73,148591,94],{"class":93},[73,148593,9166],{"class":97},[73,148595,94],{"class":93},[73,148597,4177],{"class":83},[73,148599,38903],{"class":220},[73,148601,2085],{"class":116},[73,148603,946],{"class":83},[73,148605,148606,148608,148610,148612,148615,148617],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,148607,1676],{"class":79},[73,148609,84],{"class":83},[73,148611,94],{"class":93},[73,148613,148614],{"class":97},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[73,148616,94],{"class":93},[73,148618,249],{"class":83},[20,148620,148],{},[64,148622,148624],{"className":66,"code":148623,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148625,148626],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,148627,148628,148631,148633,148635,148637,148640],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,148629,148630],{"class":216},"The answer ",[73,148632,343],{"class":93},[73,148634,9166],{"class":97},[73,148636,343],{"class":93},[73,148638,148639],{"class":216}," appears more than once",[73,148641,122629],{"class":83},[59,148643,41550],{"id":41549},[20,148645,28,148646,104813],{},[15,148647,148122],{},[33,148649,148650,148653,148656,148659],{},[36,148651,148652],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[36,148654,148655],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[36,148657,148658],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[36,148660,148661],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148663,206],{},[64,148665,148667],{"className":66,"code":148666,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148668,148669,148697,148701,148723],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,148670,148671,148673,148675,148677,148679,148681,148683,148685,148687,148689,148691,148693,148695],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,148672,5577],{"class":216},[73,148674,221],{"class":220},[73,148676,9742],{"class":83},[73,148678,452],{"class":116},[73,148680,140],{"class":83},[73,148682,8300],{"class":116},[73,148684,140],{"class":83},[73,148686,6516],{"class":116},[73,148688,140],{"class":83},[73,148690,8305],{"class":116},[73,148692,140],{"class":83},[73,148694,6516],{"class":116},[73,148696,249],{"class":83},[73,148698,148699],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,148700,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,148702,148703,148705,148707,148709,148711,148713,148715,148717,148719,148721],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,148704,7507],{"class":933},[73,148706,5624],{"class":216},[73,148708,653],{"class":83},[73,148710,41761],{"class":245},[73,148712,84],{"class":83},[73,148714,452],{"class":116},[73,148716,4177],{"class":83},[73,148718,51526],{"class":220},[73,148720,143],{"class":116},[73,148722,946],{"class":83},[73,148724,148725,148727,148729,148731,148734,148736],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,148726,1676],{"class":79},[73,148728,84],{"class":83},[73,148730,94],{"class":93},[73,148732,148733],{"class":97},"The score 10 is repeated.",[73,148735,94],{"class":93},[73,148737,249],{"class":83},[20,148739,148],{},[64,148741,148743],{"className":66,"code":148742,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148744,148745],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,148746,148747,148750,148752,148754,148757],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,148748,148749],{"class":216},"The score ",[73,148751,452],{"class":116},[73,148753,8607],{"class":220},[73,148755,148756],{"class":216}," repeated",[73,148758,122629],{"class":83},[59,148760,148762],{"id":148761},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148764,148765],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[33,148767,148768,148774,148779,148782],{},[36,148769,148770,148771,148773],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148772,57530],{}," still works because it only reads data",[36,148775,148776,148778],{},[15,148777,57530],{}," counts exact matches",[36,148780,148781],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[36,148783,148784,1647,148786,148788],{},[15,148785,2397],{},[15,148787,42653],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148790,206],{},[64,148792,148794],{"className":66,"code":148793,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148795,148796,148830,148834,148854,148878],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,148797,148798,148800,148802,148804,148806,148808,148811,148813,148815,148818,148820,148822,148824,148826,148828],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,148799,886],{"class":216},[73,148801,221],{"class":220},[73,148803,9742],{"class":83},[73,148805,2397],{"class":116},[73,148807,140],{"class":83},[73,148809,148810],{"class":116}," 1.0",[73,148812,140],{"class":83},[73,148814,224],{"class":93},[73,148816,148817],{"class":97},"Cat",[73,148819,94],{"class":93},[73,148821,140],{"class":83},[73,148823,224],{"class":93},[73,148825,37554],{"class":97},[73,148827,94],{"class":93},[73,148829,249],{"class":83},[73,148831,148832],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,148833,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,148835,148836,148838,148840,148842,148844,148846,148848,148850,148852],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,148837,80],{"class":79},[73,148839,84],{"class":83},[73,148841,5871],{"class":245},[73,148843,653],{"class":83},[73,148845,41761],{"class":245},[73,148847,84],{"class":83},[73,148849,2397],{"class":116},[73,148851,5874],{"class":83},[73,148853,51332],{"class":769},[73,148855,148856,148858,148860,148862,148864,148866,148868,148870,148872,148874,148876],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,148857,80],{"class":79},[73,148859,84],{"class":83},[73,148861,5871],{"class":245},[73,148863,653],{"class":83},[73,148865,41761],{"class":245},[73,148867,84],{"class":83},[73,148869,94],{"class":93},[73,148871,148817],{"class":97},[73,148873,94],{"class":93},[73,148875,5874],{"class":83},[73,148877,28290],{"class":769},[73,148879,148880,148882,148884,148886,148888,148890,148892,148894,148896,148898,148900],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,148881,80],{"class":79},[73,148883,84],{"class":83},[73,148885,5871],{"class":245},[73,148887,653],{"class":83},[73,148889,41761],{"class":245},[73,148891,84],{"class":83},[73,148893,94],{"class":93},[73,148895,37554],{"class":97},[73,148897,94],{"class":93},[73,148899,5874],{"class":83},[73,148901,28290],{"class":769},[20,148903,2367,148904,5672,148907,3023],{},[15,148905,148906],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148908,530],{},[20,148910,9294,148911,5297,148914,148916],{},[15,148912,148913],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148915,430],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[59,148918,2102],{"id":2101},[403,148920,657,148922,148924],{"id":148921},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148923,41761],{}," without parentheses",[20,148926,148927],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[64,148929,148931],{"className":66,"code":148930,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148932,148933,148957],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,148934,148935,148937,148939,148941,148943,148945,148947,148949,148951,148953,148955],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,148936,4134],{"class":216},[73,148938,221],{"class":220},[73,148940,9742],{"class":83},[73,148942,2397],{"class":116},[73,148944,140],{"class":83},[73,148946,143],{"class":116},[73,148948,140],{"class":83},[73,148950,143],{"class":116},[73,148952,140],{"class":83},[73,148954,2982],{"class":116},[73,148956,249],{"class":83},[73,148958,148959,148961,148963,148965,148967,148969],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,148960,80],{"class":79},[73,148962,84],{"class":83},[73,148964,4164],{"class":245},[73,148966,653],{"class":83},[73,148968,41761],{"class":25260},[73,148970,249],{"class":83},[20,148972,148973],{},"To call the method correctly:",[64,148975,148977],{"className":66,"code":148976,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148978,148979],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,148980,148981,148983,148985,148987,148989,148991,148993,148995],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,148982,80],{"class":79},[73,148984,84],{"class":83},[73,148986,4164],{"class":245},[73,148988,653],{"class":83},[73,148990,41761],{"class":245},[73,148992,84],{"class":83},[73,148994,530],{"class":116},[73,148996,102],{"class":83},[403,148998,2300,148999,8964,149001,3408,149003],{"id":58833},[15,149000,57530],{},[15,149002,430],{},[15,149004,1367],{},[20,149006,149007,58844],{},[15,149008,57530],{},[64,149010,149012],{"className":66,"code":149011,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,149013,149014,149046,149068,149072],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149015,149016,149018,149020,149022,149024,149026,149028,149030,149032,149034,149036,149038,149040,149042,149044],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149017,36597],{"class":216},[73,149019,221],{"class":220},[73,149021,9742],{"class":83},[73,149023,94],{"class":93},[73,149025,646],{"class":97},[73,149027,94],{"class":93},[73,149029,140],{"class":83},[73,149031,224],{"class":93},[73,149033,5274],{"class":97},[73,149035,94],{"class":93},[73,149037,140],{"class":83},[73,149039,224],{"class":93},[73,149041,646],{"class":97},[73,149043,94],{"class":93},[73,149045,249],{"class":83},[73,149047,149048,149050,149052,149054,149056,149058,149060,149062,149064,149066],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,149049,2766],{"class":216},[73,149051,221],{"class":220},[73,149053,70338],{"class":216},[73,149055,653],{"class":83},[73,149057,41761],{"class":245},[73,149059,84],{"class":83},[73,149061,94],{"class":93},[73,149063,646],{"class":97},[73,149065,94],{"class":93},[73,149067,249],{"class":83},[73,149069,149070],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,149071,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,149073,149074,149076,149078,149080,149082],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,149075,80],{"class":79},[73,149077,84],{"class":83},[73,149079,2800],{"class":245},[73,149081,4177],{"class":83},[73,149083,51653],{"class":769},[20,149085,149086,149087,149089],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,149088,940],{}," is often simpler:",[64,149091,149093],{"className":66,"code":149092,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,149094,149095],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149096,149097,149099,149101,149103,149105,149107,149109,149111,149113],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149098,80],{"class":79},[73,149100,84],{"class":83},[73,149102,94],{"class":93},[73,149104,646],{"class":97},[73,149106,94],{"class":93},[73,149108,21686],{"class":933},[73,149110,70338],{"class":245},[73,149112,4177],{"class":83},[73,149114,4180],{"class":769},[403,149116,37711,149118,9213,149120],{"id":149117},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,149119,148122],{},[15,149121,57535],{},[20,149123,149124],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,149126,149127],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[403,149129,149131],{"id":149130},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,149133,149134,149136],{},[15,149135,57530],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[64,149138,149140],{"className":66,"code":149139,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,149141,149142,149175,149201],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149143,149144,149146,149148,149150,149152,149154,149156,149158,149160,149163,149165,149167,149169,149171,149173],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149145,4581],{"class":216},[73,149147,221],{"class":220},[73,149149,9742],{"class":83},[73,149151,94],{"class":93},[73,149153,4590],{"class":97},[73,149155,94],{"class":93},[73,149157,140],{"class":83},[73,149159,224],{"class":93},[73,149161,149162],{"class":97},"pineapple",[73,149164,94],{"class":93},[73,149166,140],{"class":83},[73,149168,224],{"class":93},[73,149170,4590],{"class":97},[73,149172,94],{"class":93},[73,149174,249],{"class":83},[73,149176,149177,149179,149181,149183,149185,149187,149189,149191,149194,149196,149198],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,149178,80],{"class":79},[73,149180,84],{"class":83},[73,149182,4625],{"class":245},[73,149184,653],{"class":83},[73,149186,41761],{"class":245},[73,149188,84],{"class":83},[73,149190,94],{"class":93},[73,149192,149193],{"class":97},"app",[73,149195,94],{"class":93},[73,149197,5874],{"class":83},[73,149199,149200],{"class":769},"    # 0\n",[73,149202,149203,149205,149207,149209,149211,149213,149215,149217,149219,149221,149223],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,149204,80],{"class":79},[73,149206,84],{"class":83},[73,149208,4625],{"class":245},[73,149210,653],{"class":83},[73,149212,41761],{"class":245},[73,149214,84],{"class":83},[73,149216,94],{"class":93},[73,149218,4590],{"class":97},[73,149220,94],{"class":93},[73,149222,5874],{"class":83},[73,149224,51653],{"class":769},[20,149226,149227,149230,149231,653],{},[15,149228,149229],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,149232,806],{},[59,149234,149236],{"id":149235},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,149238,149239],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[33,149241,149242,149247,149256,149262],{},[36,149243,171,149244,149246],{},[15,149245,940],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[36,149248,171,149249,149255],{},[646,149250,149252,149253],{"href":149251},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,149254,59208],{}," to find the position of a value",[36,149257,171,149258,149261],{},[15,149259,149260],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[36,149263,149264],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,149266,46529,149267,1063],{},[15,149268,940],{},[64,149270,149272],{"className":66,"code":149271,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,149273,149274,149294,149298,149314],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149275,149276,149278,149280,149282,149284,149286,149288,149290,149292],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149277,4134],{"class":216},[73,149279,221],{"class":220},[73,149281,9742],{"class":83},[73,149283,3036],{"class":116},[73,149285,140],{"class":83},[73,149287,6505],{"class":116},[73,149289,140],{"class":83},[73,149291,54375],{"class":116},[73,149293,249],{"class":83},[73,149295,149296],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,149297,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,149299,149300,149302,149304,149306,149308,149310,149312],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,149301,80],{"class":79},[73,149303,84],{"class":83},[73,149305,2571],{"class":116},[73,149307,21686],{"class":933},[73,149309,4775],{"class":245},[73,149311,4177],{"class":83},[73,149313,44347],{"class":769},[73,149315,149316,149318,149320,149322,149324,149326,149328],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,149317,80],{"class":79},[73,149319,84],{"class":83},[73,149321,688],{"class":116},[73,149323,21686],{"class":933},[73,149325,4775],{"class":245},[73,149327,4177],{"class":83},[73,149329,44364],{"class":769},[20,149331,46529,149332,1063],{},[15,149333,59208],{},[64,149335,149337],{"className":66,"code":149336,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,149338,149339,149363],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149340,149341,149343,149345,149347,149349,149351,149353,149355,149357,149359,149361],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149342,4134],{"class":216},[73,149344,221],{"class":220},[73,149346,9742],{"class":83},[73,149348,3036],{"class":116},[73,149350,140],{"class":83},[73,149352,6505],{"class":116},[73,149354,140],{"class":83},[73,149356,54375],{"class":116},[73,149358,140],{"class":83},[73,149360,6505],{"class":116},[73,149362,249],{"class":83},[73,149364,149365,149367,149369,149371,149373,149375,149377,149379,149381],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,149366,80],{"class":79},[73,149368,84],{"class":83},[73,149370,4164],{"class":245},[73,149372,653],{"class":83},[73,149374,36352],{"class":245},[73,149376,84],{"class":83},[73,149378,2571],{"class":116},[73,149380,5874],{"class":83},[73,149382,28290],{"class":769},[20,149384,149385,149387,149388,149390,149392],{},[15,149386,57530],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[10352,149389],{},[15,149391,59208],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[59,149394,2350],{"id":2349},[403,149396,2387,149398,5658],{"id":149397},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,149399,148122],{},[20,149401,149402],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[403,149404,2354,149406,149408],{"id":149405},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,149407,148122],{}," change the tuple?",[20,149410,149411],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[403,149413,149415],{"id":149414},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,149417,12422,149418,653],{},[15,149419,806],{},[403,149421,5681,149423,149425],{"id":149422},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,149424,148122],{}," count strings?",[20,149427,149428],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[403,149430,5691,149432,1647,149434,3023],{"id":149431},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,149433,148122],{},[15,149435,149436],{},"tuple.index()",[20,149438,149439,149441,149442,149444],{},[15,149440,57530],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149443,59208],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[59,149446,2413],{"id":2412},[33,149448,149449,149453,149458,149465,149473],{},[36,149450,149451],{},[646,149452,148231],{"href":148230},[36,149454,149455],{},[646,149456,149457],{"href":148234},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[36,149459,149460],{},[646,149461,149462,149463,11248],{"href":149251},"Python tuple ",[15,149464,59208],{},[36,149466,149467],{},[646,149468,149470,149471],{"href":149469},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149472,42855],{},[36,149474,149475],{},[646,149476,59196],{"href":59195},[2459,149478,149479],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":149481},[149482,149484,149487,149488,149489,149490,149491,149499,149500,149511],{"id":148198,"depth":105,"text":149483},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":148238,"depth":105,"text":148239,"children":149485},[149486],{"id":103349,"depth":122,"text":103350},{"id":11984,"depth":105,"text":11985},{"id":38526,"depth":105,"text":38527},{"id":41549,"depth":105,"text":41550},{"id":148761,"depth":105,"text":148762},{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102,"children":149492},[149493,149495,149496,149498],{"id":148921,"depth":122,"text":149494},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58833,"depth":122,"text":59249},{"id":149117,"depth":122,"text":149497},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":149130,"depth":122,"text":149131},{"id":149235,"depth":105,"text":149236},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":149501},[149502,149504,149506,149507,149509],{"id":149397,"depth":122,"text":149503},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149405,"depth":122,"text":149505},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149414,"depth":122,"text":149415},{"id":149422,"depth":122,"text":149508},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149431,"depth":122,"text":149510},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":148109,"description":149512},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149519,"title":149520,"body":149521,"description":151208,"extension":2511,"meta":151209,"navigation":254,"path":151210,"seo":151211,"stem":151212,"__hash__":151213},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149522,"toc":151171},[149523,149526,149529,149538,149540,149670,149672,149733,149739,149741,149761,149765,149768,149771,149806,149808,149829,149832,149871,149873,149898,149905,149909,149912,149949,149951,149974,149977,149980,149992,149998,150002,150005,150011,150052,150054,150077,150080,150121,150123,150150,150152,150169,150171,150188,150191,150195,150198,150200,150234,150236,150283,150287,150326,150330,150333,150390,150392,150433,150439,150445,150450,150452,150489,150491,150511,150513,150546,150548,150581,150584,150588,150621,150623,150648,150651,150653,150667,150674,150676,150679,150683,150686,150721,150724,150759,150763,150766,150805,150808,150847,150851,150853,150883,150886,150893,150895,150927,150930,150962,150965,150996,150998,151015,151019,151022,151086,151088,151092,151099,151103,151106,151110,151113,151117,151120,151125,151131,151133,151168],[10,149524,149520],{"id":149525},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149527,149528],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149530,149531,149532,3408,149536,653],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[646,149533,149535],{"href":149534},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[646,149537,148231],{"href":148230},[59,149539,62],{"id":61},[64,149541,149543],{"className":66,"code":149542,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149544,149545,149565,149574,149588,149624,149628,149638,149648,149659],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149546,149547,149549,149551,149553,149555,149557,149559,149561,149563],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149548,4134],{"class":216},[73,149550,221],{"class":220},[73,149552,9742],{"class":83},[73,149554,2397],{"class":116},[73,149556,140],{"class":83},[73,149558,143],{"class":116},[73,149560,140],{"class":83},[73,149562,2982],{"class":116},[73,149564,249],{"class":83},[73,149566,149567,149569,149571],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,149568,125095],{"class":216},[73,149570,221],{"class":220},[73,149572,149573],{"class":83}," ()\n",[73,149575,149576,149579,149581,149583,149585],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,149577,149578],{"class":216},"one_item ",[73,149580,221],{"class":220},[73,149582,9742],{"class":83},[73,149584,688],{"class":116},[73,149586,149587],{"class":83},",)\n",[73,149589,149590,149593,149595,149598,149600,149602,149604,149606,149608,149610,149612,149614,149616,149618,149620,149622],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,149591,149592],{"class":216},"from_list ",[73,149594,221],{"class":220},[73,149596,149597],{"class":87}," tuple",[73,149599,3510],{"class":83},[73,149601,94],{"class":93},[73,149603,646],{"class":97},[73,149605,94],{"class":93},[73,149607,140],{"class":83},[73,149609,224],{"class":93},[73,149611,5274],{"class":97},[73,149613,94],{"class":93},[73,149615,140],{"class":83},[73,149617,224],{"class":93},[73,149619,10245],{"class":97},[73,149621,94],{"class":93},[73,149623,4398],{"class":83},[73,149625,149626],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,149627,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,149629,149630,149632,149634,149636],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,149631,80],{"class":79},[73,149633,84],{"class":83},[73,149635,4164],{"class":245},[73,149637,249],{"class":83},[73,149639,149640,149642,149644,149646],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,149641,80],{"class":79},[73,149643,84],{"class":83},[73,149645,125146],{"class":245},[73,149647,249],{"class":83},[73,149649,149650,149652,149654,149657],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,149651,80],{"class":79},[73,149653,84],{"class":83},[73,149655,149656],{"class":245},"one_item",[73,149658,249],{"class":83},[73,149660,149661,149663,149665,149668],{"class":75,"line":6940},[73,149662,80],{"class":79},[73,149664,84],{"class":83},[73,149666,149667],{"class":245},"from_list",[73,149669,249],{"class":83},[20,149671,148],{},[64,149673,149675],{"className":66,"code":149674,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149676,149677,149693,149697,149705],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149678,149679,149681,149683,149685,149687,149689,149691],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149680,84],{"class":83},[73,149682,2397],{"class":116},[73,149684,140],{"class":83},[73,149686,143],{"class":116},[73,149688,140],{"class":83},[73,149690,2982],{"class":116},[73,149692,249],{"class":83},[73,149694,149695],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,149696,9151],{"class":83},[73,149698,149699,149701,149703],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,149700,84],{"class":83},[73,149702,688],{"class":116},[73,149704,149587],{"class":83},[73,149706,149707,149709,149711,149713,149715,149717,149719,149721,149723,149725,149727,149729,149731],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,149708,84],{"class":83},[73,149710,343],{"class":93},[73,149712,646],{"class":97},[73,149714,343],{"class":93},[73,149716,140],{"class":83},[73,149718,337],{"class":93},[73,149720,5274],{"class":97},[73,149722,343],{"class":93},[73,149724,140],{"class":83},[73,149726,337],{"class":93},[73,149728,10245],{"class":97},[73,149730,343],{"class":93},[73,149732,249],{"class":83},[20,149734,149735,149736,653],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149737,149738],{},"(5,)",[59,149740,15672],{"id":15671},[33,149742,149743,149746,149749,149752,149755,149758],{},[36,149744,149745],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[36,149747,149748],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[36,149750,149751],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[36,149753,149754],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[36,149756,149757],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[36,149759,149760],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[59,149762,149764],{"id":149763},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149766,149767],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149769,149770],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[64,149772,149774],{"className":66,"code":149773,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149775,149776,149796],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149777,149778,149780,149782,149784,149786,149788,149790,149792,149794],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149779,4134],{"class":216},[73,149781,221],{"class":220},[73,149783,9742],{"class":83},[73,149785,2397],{"class":116},[73,149787,140],{"class":83},[73,149789,143],{"class":116},[73,149791,140],{"class":83},[73,149793,2982],{"class":116},[73,149795,249],{"class":83},[73,149797,149798,149800,149802,149804],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,149799,80],{"class":79},[73,149801,84],{"class":83},[73,149803,4164],{"class":245},[73,149805,249],{"class":83},[20,149807,148],{},[64,149809,149811],{"className":66,"code":149810,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149812,149813],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149814,149815,149817,149819,149821,149823,149825,149827],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149816,84],{"class":83},[73,149818,2397],{"class":116},[73,149820,140],{"class":83},[73,149822,143],{"class":116},[73,149824,140],{"class":83},[73,149826,2982],{"class":116},[73,149828,249],{"class":83},[20,149830,149831],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[64,149833,149835],{"className":66,"code":149834,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149836,149837,149861],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149838,149839,149841,149843,149845,149847,149849,149851,149853,149855,149857,149859],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149840,9672],{"class":216},[73,149842,221],{"class":220},[73,149844,9742],{"class":83},[73,149846,2397],{"class":116},[73,149848,140],{"class":83},[73,149850,224],{"class":93},[73,149852,4590],{"class":97},[73,149854,94],{"class":93},[73,149856,140],{"class":83},[73,149858,4426],{"class":484},[73,149860,249],{"class":83},[73,149862,149863,149865,149867,149869],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,149864,80],{"class":79},[73,149866,84],{"class":83},[73,149868,9710],{"class":245},[73,149870,249],{"class":83},[20,149872,148],{},[64,149874,149876],{"className":66,"code":149875,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149877,149878],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149879,149880,149882,149884,149886,149888,149890,149892,149894,149896],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149881,84],{"class":83},[73,149883,2397],{"class":116},[73,149885,140],{"class":83},[73,149887,337],{"class":93},[73,149889,4590],{"class":97},[73,149891,343],{"class":93},[73,149893,140],{"class":83},[73,149895,4426],{"class":484},[73,149897,249],{"class":83},[20,149899,149900,149901,653],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[646,149902,149904],{"href":149903},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[59,149906,149908],{"id":149907},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149910,149911],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[64,149913,149915],{"className":66,"code":149914,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149916,149917,149925,149935],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149918,149919,149921,149923],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149920,125095],{"class":216},[73,149922,221],{"class":220},[73,149924,149573],{"class":83},[73,149926,149927,149929,149931,149933],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,149928,80],{"class":79},[73,149930,84],{"class":83},[73,149932,125146],{"class":245},[73,149934,249],{"class":83},[73,149936,149937,149939,149941,149943,149945,149947],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,149938,80],{"class":79},[73,149940,84],{"class":83},[73,149942,288],{"class":87},[73,149944,84],{"class":83},[73,149946,125146],{"class":245},[73,149948,102],{"class":83},[20,149950,148],{},[64,149952,149954],{"className":66,"code":149953,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149955,149956,149960],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,149957,149958],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,149959,9151],{"class":83},[73,149961,149962,149964,149966,149968,149970,149972],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,149963,330],{"class":220},[73,149965,334],{"class":333},[73,149967,337],{"class":93},[73,149969,49190],{"class":97},[73,149971,343],{"class":93},[73,149973,346],{"class":220},[20,149975,149976],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149978,149979],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[33,149981,149982,149987],{},[36,149983,149984,149985],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149986,1052],{},[36,149988,149989,149990],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149991,4300],{},[20,149993,149994,149995,653],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[646,149996,149997],{"href":57393},"Python list: creating a list",[59,149999,150001],{"id":150000},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,150003,150004],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,150006,150007,150008,150010],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[1194,150009,1196],{}," automatically a tuple:",[64,150012,150014],{"className":66,"code":150013,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,150015,150016,150028,150038],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150017,150018,150020,150022,150024,150026],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150019,2202],{"class":216},[73,150021,221],{"class":220},[73,150023,9742],{"class":83},[73,150025,688],{"class":116},[73,150027,249],{"class":83},[73,150029,150030,150032,150034,150036],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,150031,80],{"class":79},[73,150033,84],{"class":83},[73,150035,967],{"class":245},[73,150037,249],{"class":83},[73,150039,150040,150042,150044,150046,150048,150050],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,150041,80],{"class":79},[73,150043,84],{"class":83},[73,150045,288],{"class":87},[73,150047,84],{"class":83},[73,150049,967],{"class":245},[73,150051,102],{"class":83},[20,150053,148],{},[64,150055,150057],{"className":66,"code":150056,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,150058,150059,150063],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150060,150061],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150062,168],{"class":116},[73,150064,150065,150067,150069,150071,150073,150075],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,150066,330],{"class":220},[73,150068,334],{"class":333},[73,150070,337],{"class":93},[73,150072,88],{"class":97},[73,150074,343],{"class":93},[73,150076,346],{"class":220},[20,150078,150079],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[64,150081,150083],{"className":66,"code":150082,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,150084,150085,150097,150107],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150086,150087,150089,150091,150093,150095],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150088,149578],{"class":216},[73,150090,221],{"class":220},[73,150092,9742],{"class":83},[73,150094,688],{"class":116},[73,150096,149587],{"class":83},[73,150098,150099,150101,150103,150105],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,150100,80],{"class":79},[73,150102,84],{"class":83},[73,150104,149656],{"class":245},[73,150106,249],{"class":83},[73,150108,150109,150111,150113,150115,150117,150119],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,150110,80],{"class":79},[73,150112,84],{"class":83},[73,150114,288],{"class":87},[73,150116,84],{"class":83},[73,150118,149656],{"class":245},[73,150120,102],{"class":83},[20,150122,148],{},[64,150124,150126],{"className":66,"code":150125,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150127,150128,150136],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150129,150130,150132,150134],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150131,84],{"class":83},[73,150133,688],{"class":116},[73,150135,149587],{"class":83},[73,150137,150138,150140,150142,150144,150146,150148],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,150139,330],{"class":220},[73,150141,334],{"class":333},[73,150143,337],{"class":93},[73,150145,49190],{"class":97},[73,150147,343],{"class":93},[73,150149,346],{"class":220},[20,150151,17166],{},[64,150153,150155],{"className":66,"code":150154,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,150156,150157],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150158,150159,150161,150163,150165,150167],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150160,84],{"class":83},[73,150162,94],{"class":93},[73,150164,4590],{"class":97},[73,150166,94],{"class":93},[73,150168,149587],{"class":83},[20,150170,17154],{},[64,150172,150174],{"className":66,"code":150173,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,150175,150176],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150177,150178,150180,150182,150184,150186],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150179,84],{"class":83},[73,150181,94],{"class":93},[73,150183,4590],{"class":97},[73,150185,94],{"class":93},[73,150187,249],{"class":83},[20,150189,150190],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[59,150192,150194],{"id":150193},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,150196,150197],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[403,150199,56701],{"id":4164},[64,150201,150202],{"className":66,"code":149773,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,150203,150204,150224],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150205,150206,150208,150210,150212,150214,150216,150218,150220,150222],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150207,4134],{"class":216},[73,150209,221],{"class":220},[73,150211,9742],{"class":83},[73,150213,2397],{"class":116},[73,150215,140],{"class":83},[73,150217,143],{"class":116},[73,150219,140],{"class":83},[73,150221,2982],{"class":116},[73,150223,249],{"class":83},[73,150225,150226,150228,150230,150232],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,150227,80],{"class":79},[73,150229,84],{"class":83},[73,150231,4164],{"class":245},[73,150233,249],{"class":83},[403,150235,56704],{"id":5821},[64,150237,150239],{"className":66,"code":150238,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,150240,150241,150273],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150242,150243,150245,150247,150249,150251,150253,150255,150257,150259,150261,150263,150265,150267,150269,150271],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150244,13586],{"class":216},[73,150246,221],{"class":220},[73,150248,9742],{"class":83},[73,150250,94],{"class":93},[73,150252,13603],{"class":97},[73,150254,94],{"class":93},[73,150256,140],{"class":83},[73,150258,224],{"class":93},[73,150260,17967],{"class":97},[73,150262,94],{"class":93},[73,150264,140],{"class":83},[73,150266,224],{"class":93},[73,150268,13620],{"class":97},[73,150270,94],{"class":93},[73,150272,249],{"class":83},[73,150274,150275,150277,150279,150281],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,150276,80],{"class":79},[73,150278,84],{"class":83},[73,150280,18014],{"class":245},[73,150282,249],{"class":83},[403,150284,150286],{"id":150285},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[64,150288,150290],{"className":66,"code":150289,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,150291,150292,150316],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150293,150294,150296,150298,150300,150302,150304,150306,150308,150310,150312,150314],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150295,59713],{"class":216},[73,150297,221],{"class":220},[73,150299,9742],{"class":83},[73,150301,2397],{"class":116},[73,150303,140],{"class":83},[73,150305,224],{"class":93},[73,150307,4590],{"class":97},[73,150309,94],{"class":93},[73,150311,140],{"class":83},[73,150313,4426],{"class":484},[73,150315,249],{"class":83},[73,150317,150318,150320,150322,150324],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,150319,80],{"class":79},[73,150321,84],{"class":83},[73,150323,59766],{"class":245},[73,150325,249],{"class":83},[403,150327,150329],{"id":150328},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,150331,150332],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[64,150334,150336],{"className":66,"code":150335,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,150337,150338,150379],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150339,150340,150343,150345,150347,150349,150351,150353,150355,150357,150359,150361,150363,150365,150367,150369,150371,150373,150375,150377],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150341,150342],{"class":216},"nested ",[73,150344,221],{"class":220},[73,150346,9742],{"class":83},[73,150348,2397],{"class":116},[73,150350,140],{"class":83},[73,150352,9742],{"class":83},[73,150354,94],{"class":93},[73,150356,646],{"class":97},[73,150358,94],{"class":93},[73,150360,140],{"class":83},[73,150362,224],{"class":93},[73,150364,5274],{"class":97},[73,150366,94],{"class":93},[73,150368,9739],{"class":83},[73,150370,891],{"class":83},[73,150372,452],{"class":116},[73,150374,140],{"class":83},[73,150376,8300],{"class":116},[73,150378,4398],{"class":83},[73,150380,150381,150383,150385,150388],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,150382,80],{"class":79},[73,150384,84],{"class":83},[73,150386,150387],{"class":245},"nested",[73,150389,249],{"class":83},[20,150391,148],{},[64,150393,150395],{"className":66,"code":150394,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,150396,150397],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150398,150399,150401,150403,150405,150407,150409,150411,150413,150415,150417,150419,150421,150423,150425,150427,150429,150431],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150400,84],{"class":83},[73,150402,2397],{"class":116},[73,150404,140],{"class":83},[73,150406,9742],{"class":83},[73,150408,343],{"class":93},[73,150410,646],{"class":97},[73,150412,343],{"class":93},[73,150414,140],{"class":83},[73,150416,337],{"class":93},[73,150418,5274],{"class":97},[73,150420,343],{"class":93},[73,150422,9739],{"class":83},[73,150424,891],{"class":83},[73,150426,452],{"class":116},[73,150428,140],{"class":83},[73,150430,8300],{"class":116},[73,150432,4398],{"class":83},[59,150434,150436,150437],{"id":150435},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150438,38553],{},[20,150440,150441,150442,150444],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150443,38553],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,150446,150447,150448,653],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[646,150449,63459],{"href":63458},[403,150451,105490],{"id":105489},[64,150453,150455],{"className":66,"code":150454,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150456,150457,150479],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150458,150459,150461,150463,150465,150467,150469,150471,150473,150475,150477],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150460,4134],{"class":216},[73,150462,221],{"class":220},[73,150464,149597],{"class":87},[73,150466,3510],{"class":83},[73,150468,2397],{"class":116},[73,150470,140],{"class":83},[73,150472,143],{"class":116},[73,150474,140],{"class":83},[73,150476,2982],{"class":116},[73,150478,4398],{"class":83},[73,150480,150481,150483,150485,150487],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,150482,80],{"class":79},[73,150484,84],{"class":83},[73,150486,4164],{"class":245},[73,150488,249],{"class":83},[20,150490,148],{},[64,150492,150493],{"className":66,"code":149810,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,150494,150495],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150496,150497,150499,150501,150503,150505,150507,150509],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150498,84],{"class":83},[73,150500,2397],{"class":116},[73,150502,140],{"class":83},[73,150504,143],{"class":116},[73,150506,140],{"class":83},[73,150508,2982],{"class":116},[73,150510,249],{"class":83},[403,150512,105676],{"id":105675},[64,150514,150516],{"className":66,"code":150515,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150517,150518,150536],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150519,150520,150522,150524,150526,150528,150530,150532,150534],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150521,36597],{"class":216},[73,150523,221],{"class":220},[73,150525,149597],{"class":87},[73,150527,84],{"class":83},[73,150529,94],{"class":93},[73,150531,42061],{"class":97},[73,150533,94],{"class":93},[73,150535,249],{"class":83},[73,150537,150538,150540,150542,150544],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,150539,80],{"class":79},[73,150541,84],{"class":83},[73,150543,36650],{"class":245},[73,150545,249],{"class":83},[20,150547,148],{},[64,150549,150551],{"className":66,"code":150550,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150552,150553],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150554,150555,150557,150559,150561,150563,150565,150567,150569,150571,150573,150575,150577,150579],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150556,84],{"class":83},[73,150558,343],{"class":93},[73,150560,646],{"class":97},[73,150562,343],{"class":93},[73,150564,140],{"class":83},[73,150566,337],{"class":93},[73,150568,5274],{"class":97},[73,150570,343],{"class":93},[73,150572,140],{"class":83},[73,150574,337],{"class":93},[73,150576,10245],{"class":97},[73,150578,343],{"class":93},[73,150580,249],{"class":83},[20,150582,150583],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[403,150585,150587],{"id":150586},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[64,150589,150591],{"className":66,"code":150590,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150592,150593,150611],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150594,150595,150597,150599,150601,150603,150605,150607,150609],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150596,886],{"class":216},[73,150598,221],{"class":220},[73,150600,149597],{"class":87},[73,150602,84],{"class":83},[73,150604,60239],{"class":79},[73,150606,84],{"class":83},[73,150608,3036],{"class":116},[73,150610,102],{"class":83},[73,150612,150613,150615,150617,150619],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,150614,80],{"class":79},[73,150616,84],{"class":83},[73,150618,5871],{"class":245},[73,150620,249],{"class":83},[20,150622,148],{},[64,150624,150626],{"className":66,"code":150625,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150627,150628],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150629,150630,150632,150634,150636,150638,150640,150642,150644,150646],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150631,84],{"class":83},[73,150633,806],{"class":116},[73,150635,140],{"class":83},[73,150637,2085],{"class":116},[73,150639,140],{"class":83},[73,150641,143],{"class":116},[73,150643,140],{"class":83},[73,150645,2982],{"class":116},[73,150647,249],{"class":83},[20,150649,150650],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[59,150652,21313],{"id":21312},[33,150654,150655,150658,150661,150664],{},[36,150656,150657],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[36,150659,150660],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[36,150662,150663],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[36,150665,150666],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150668,150669,150670,653],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[646,150671,150673],{"href":150672},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[59,150675,2102],{"id":2101},[20,150677,150678],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[403,150680,150682],{"id":150681},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150684,150685],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[64,150687,150689],{"className":66,"code":150688,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150690,150691,150707],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150692,150693,150695,150697,150699,150701,150703,150705],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150694,29048],{"class":216},[73,150696,221],{"class":220},[73,150698,9742],{"class":83},[73,150700,94],{"class":93},[73,150702,4590],{"class":97},[73,150704,94],{"class":93},[73,150706,249],{"class":83},[73,150708,150709,150711,150713,150715,150717,150719],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,150710,80],{"class":79},[73,150712,84],{"class":83},[73,150714,288],{"class":87},[73,150716,84],{"class":83},[73,150718,23820],{"class":245},[73,150720,102],{"class":83},[20,150722,150723],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[64,150725,150727],{"className":66,"code":150726,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150728,150729,150745],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150730,150731,150733,150735,150737,150739,150741,150743],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150732,29048],{"class":216},[73,150734,221],{"class":220},[73,150736,9742],{"class":83},[73,150738,94],{"class":93},[73,150740,4590],{"class":97},[73,150742,94],{"class":93},[73,150744,149587],{"class":83},[73,150746,150747,150749,150751,150753,150755,150757],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,150748,80],{"class":79},[73,150750,84],{"class":83},[73,150752,288],{"class":87},[73,150754,84],{"class":83},[73,150756,23820],{"class":245},[73,150758,102],{"class":83},[403,150760,150762],{"id":150761},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150764,150765],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[64,150767,150769],{"className":66,"code":150768,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150770,150771,150791],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150772,150773,150775,150777,150779,150781,150783,150785,150787,150789],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150774,886],{"class":216},[73,150776,221],{"class":220},[73,150778,891],{"class":83},[73,150780,2397],{"class":116},[73,150782,140],{"class":83},[73,150784,143],{"class":116},[73,150786,140],{"class":83},[73,150788,2982],{"class":116},[73,150790,924],{"class":83},[73,150792,150793,150795,150797,150799,150801,150803],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,150794,80],{"class":79},[73,150796,84],{"class":83},[73,150798,288],{"class":87},[73,150800,84],{"class":83},[73,150802,5871],{"class":245},[73,150804,102],{"class":83},[20,150806,150807],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[64,150809,150811],{"className":66,"code":150810,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150812,150813,150833],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150814,150815,150817,150819,150821,150823,150825,150827,150829,150831],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150816,886],{"class":216},[73,150818,221],{"class":220},[73,150820,9742],{"class":83},[73,150822,2397],{"class":116},[73,150824,140],{"class":83},[73,150826,143],{"class":116},[73,150828,140],{"class":83},[73,150830,2982],{"class":116},[73,150832,249],{"class":83},[73,150834,150835,150837,150839,150841,150843,150845],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,150836,80],{"class":79},[73,150838,84],{"class":83},[73,150840,288],{"class":87},[73,150842,84],{"class":83},[73,150844,5871],{"class":245},[73,150846,102],{"class":83},[403,150848,150850],{"id":150849},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150852,150663],{},[64,150854,150856],{"className":66,"code":150855,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150857,150858,150878],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150859,150860,150862,150864,150866,150868,150870,150872,150874,150876],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150861,4134],{"class":216},[73,150863,221],{"class":220},[73,150865,9742],{"class":83},[73,150867,2397],{"class":116},[73,150869,140],{"class":83},[73,150871,143],{"class":116},[73,150873,140],{"class":83},[73,150875,2982],{"class":116},[73,150877,249],{"class":83},[73,150879,150880],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,150881,150882],{"class":769},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150884,150885],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[403,150887,37711,150889,150892],{"id":150888},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150890,150891],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150894,64885],{},[64,150896,150897],{"className":66,"code":150515,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,150898,150899,150917],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150900,150901,150903,150905,150907,150909,150911,150913,150915],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150902,36597],{"class":216},[73,150904,221],{"class":220},[73,150906,149597],{"class":87},[73,150908,84],{"class":83},[73,150910,94],{"class":93},[73,150912,42061],{"class":97},[73,150914,94],{"class":93},[73,150916,249],{"class":83},[73,150918,150919,150921,150923,150925],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,150920,80],{"class":79},[73,150922,84],{"class":83},[73,150924,36650],{"class":245},[73,150926,249],{"class":83},[20,150928,150929],{},"gives:",[64,150931,150932],{"className":66,"code":150550,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,150933,150934],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150935,150936,150938,150940,150942,150944,150946,150948,150950,150952,150954,150956,150958,150960],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150937,84],{"class":83},[73,150939,343],{"class":93},[73,150941,646],{"class":97},[73,150943,343],{"class":93},[73,150945,140],{"class":83},[73,150947,337],{"class":93},[73,150949,5274],{"class":97},[73,150951,343],{"class":93},[73,150953,140],{"class":83},[73,150955,337],{"class":93},[73,150957,10245],{"class":97},[73,150959,343],{"class":93},[73,150961,249],{"class":83},[20,150963,150964],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[64,150966,150968],{"className":66,"code":150967,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150969,150970,150986],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,150971,150972,150974,150976,150978,150980,150982,150984],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,150973,6665],{"class":216},[73,150975,221],{"class":220},[73,150977,9742],{"class":83},[73,150979,94],{"class":93},[73,150981,42061],{"class":97},[73,150983,94],{"class":93},[73,150985,149587],{"class":83},[73,150987,150988,150990,150992,150994],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,150989,80],{"class":79},[73,150991,84],{"class":83},[73,150993,38898],{"class":245},[73,150995,249],{"class":83},[20,150997,148],{},[64,150999,151001],{"className":66,"code":151000,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"('abc',)\n",[15,151002,151003],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151004,151005,151007,151009,151011,151013],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151006,84],{"class":83},[73,151008,343],{"class":93},[73,151010,42061],{"class":97},[73,151012,343],{"class":93},[73,151014,149587],{"class":83},[403,151016,151018],{"id":151017},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,151020,151021],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[64,151023,151025],{"className":66,"code":151024,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,151026,151027,151044,151048,151058,151072],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151028,151029,151032,151034,151036,151038,151040,151042],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151030,151031],{"class":216},"my_tuple ",[73,151033,221],{"class":220},[73,151035,9742],{"class":83},[73,151037,94],{"class":93},[73,151039,4590],{"class":97},[73,151041,94],{"class":93},[73,151043,149587],{"class":83},[73,151045,151046],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,151047,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,151049,151050,151052,151054,151056],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,151051,80],{"class":79},[73,151053,84],{"class":83},[73,151055,148249],{"class":245},[73,151057,249],{"class":83},[73,151059,151060,151062,151064,151066,151068,151070],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,151061,80],{"class":79},[73,151063,84],{"class":83},[73,151065,288],{"class":87},[73,151067,84],{"class":83},[73,151069,148249],{"class":245},[73,151071,102],{"class":83},[73,151073,151074,151076,151078,151080,151082,151084],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,151075,80],{"class":79},[73,151077,84],{"class":83},[73,151079,11670],{"class":79},[73,151081,84],{"class":83},[73,151083,148249],{"class":245},[73,151085,102],{"class":83},[59,151087,2350],{"id":2349},[403,151089,151091],{"id":151090},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,151093,151094,151095,151098],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,151096,151097],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[403,151100,151102],{"id":151101},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,151104,151105],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[403,151107,151109],{"id":151108},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,151111,151112],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[403,151114,151116],{"id":151115},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,151118,151119],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[403,151121,2387,151123,2391],{"id":151122},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,151124,150891],{},[20,151126,2394,151127,151130],{},[15,151128,151129],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[59,151132,2413],{"id":2412},[33,151134,151135,151139,151143,151149,151154,151159,151163],{},[36,151136,151137],{},[646,151138,148231],{"href":148230},[36,151140,151141],{},[646,151142,149904],{"href":149903},[36,151144,151145],{},[646,151146,151148],{"href":151147},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[36,151150,151151],{},[646,151152,151153],{"href":149469},"Python tuple length with len()",[36,151155,151156],{},[646,151157,151158],{"href":149534},"What is a tuple in Python?",[36,151160,151161],{},[646,151162,63459],{"href":63458},[36,151164,151165],{},[646,151166,151167],{"href":150672},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2459,151169,151170],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":151172},[151173,151174,151175,151176,151177,151178,151184,151190,151191,151199,151207],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":15671,"depth":105,"text":15672},{"id":149763,"depth":105,"text":149764},{"id":149907,"depth":105,"text":149908},{"id":150000,"depth":105,"text":150001},{"id":150193,"depth":105,"text":150194,"children":151179},[151180,151181,151182,151183],{"id":4164,"depth":122,"text":56701},{"id":5821,"depth":122,"text":56704},{"id":150285,"depth":122,"text":150286},{"id":150328,"depth":122,"text":150329},{"id":150435,"depth":105,"text":151185,"children":151186},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[151187,151188,151189],{"id":105489,"depth":122,"text":105490},{"id":105675,"depth":122,"text":105676},{"id":150586,"depth":122,"text":150587},{"id":21312,"depth":105,"text":21313},{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102,"children":151192},[151193,151194,151195,151196,151198],{"id":150681,"depth":122,"text":150682},{"id":150761,"depth":122,"text":150762},{"id":150849,"depth":122,"text":150850},{"id":150888,"depth":122,"text":151197},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":151017,"depth":122,"text":151018},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":151200},[151201,151202,151203,151204,151205],{"id":151090,"depth":122,"text":151091},{"id":151101,"depth":122,"text":151102},{"id":151108,"depth":122,"text":151109},{"id":151115,"depth":122,"text":151116},{"id":151122,"depth":122,"text":151206},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149520,"description":151208},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":151215,"title":151216,"body":151217,"description":152762,"extension":2511,"meta":152763,"navigation":254,"path":152764,"seo":152765,"stem":152766,"__hash__":152767},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":151218,"toc":152732},[151219,151222,151227,151229,151242,151248,151250,151317,151319,151354,151359,151363,151367,151369,151380,151388,151390,151392,151413,151415,151435,151438,151440,151445,151488,151490,151512,151515,151528,151532,151536,151539,151592,151594,151615,151620,151624,151627,151672,151674,151707,151719,151723,151731,151768,151770,151799,151803,151806,151859,151861,151881,151888,151892,151897,151966,151968,151993,151997,152000,152006,152083,152085,152144,152146,152158,152163,152167,152171,152185,152187,152222,152224,152241,152244,152257,152261,152265,152276,152281,152296,152299,152302,152304,152307,152311,152313,152327,152329,152353,152358,152362,152365,152384,152387,152436,152441,152458,152461,152494,152498,152500,152551,152554,152579,152582,152605,152609,152615,152617,152652,152655,152660,152662,152666,152669,152673,152678,152682,152685,152689,152692,152696,152701,152703,152729],[10,151220,151216],{"id":151221},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,151223,9629,151224,151226],{},[15,151225,38553],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,151228,82831],{},[33,151230,151231,151236],{},[36,151232,151233,151235],{},[15,151234,38553],{}," creates an empty tuple",[36,151237,151238,151241],{},[15,151239,151240],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,151243,151244,151245,151247],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,151246,38553],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[59,151249,62],{"id":61},[64,151251,151253],{"className":66,"code":151252,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,151254,151255,151275,151289,151293,151303],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151256,151257,151259,151261,151263,151265,151267,151269,151271,151273],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151258,4134],{"class":216},[73,151260,221],{"class":220},[73,151262,891],{"class":83},[73,151264,2397],{"class":116},[73,151266,140],{"class":83},[73,151268,143],{"class":116},[73,151270,140],{"class":83},[73,151272,2982],{"class":116},[73,151274,924],{"class":83},[73,151276,151277,151279,151281,151283,151285,151287],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,151278,2766],{"class":216},[73,151280,221],{"class":220},[73,151282,149597],{"class":87},[73,151284,84],{"class":83},[73,151286,4164],{"class":245},[73,151288,249],{"class":83},[73,151290,151291],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,151292,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,151294,151295,151297,151299,151301],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,151296,80],{"class":79},[73,151298,84],{"class":83},[73,151300,2800],{"class":245},[73,151302,249],{"class":83},[73,151304,151305,151307,151309,151311,151313,151315],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,151306,80],{"class":79},[73,151308,84],{"class":83},[73,151310,288],{"class":87},[73,151312,84],{"class":83},[73,151314,2800],{"class":245},[73,151316,102],{"class":83},[20,151318,148],{},[64,151320,151322],{"className":66,"code":151321,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,151323,151324,151340],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151325,151326,151328,151330,151332,151334,151336,151338],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151327,84],{"class":83},[73,151329,2397],{"class":116},[73,151331,140],{"class":83},[73,151333,143],{"class":116},[73,151335,140],{"class":83},[73,151337,2982],{"class":116},[73,151339,249],{"class":83},[73,151341,151342,151344,151346,151348,151350,151352],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,151343,330],{"class":220},[73,151345,334],{"class":333},[73,151347,337],{"class":93},[73,151349,49190],{"class":97},[73,151351,343],{"class":93},[73,151353,346],{"class":220},[20,151355,171,151356,151358],{},[15,151357,151240],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[59,151360,151362],{"id":151361},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,151364,151365,63167],{},[15,151366,38553],{},[20,151368,49164],{},[33,151370,151371,151374,151377],{},[36,151372,151373],{},"creates a tuple object",[36,151375,151376],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[36,151378,151379],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,151381,151382,151383,151385,151386,653],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[646,151384,149535],{"href":149534}," or the full guide to ",[646,151387,148231],{"href":148230},[59,151389,370],{"id":369},[20,151391,26997],{},[64,151393,151395],{"className":66,"code":151394,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,151396,151397,151403],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151398,151399,151401],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151400,49190],{"class":87},[73,151402,9151],{"class":83},[73,151404,151405,151407,151409,151411],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,151406,49190],{"class":87},[73,151408,84],{"class":83},[73,151410,4235],{"class":245},[73,151412,249],{"class":83},[20,151414,11968],{},[33,151416,151417,151420],{},[36,151418,151419],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[36,151421,151422,151423],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[33,151424,151425,151427,151429,151431,151433],{},[36,151426,5812],{},[36,151428,5821],{},[36,151430,63238],{},[36,151432,5818],{},[36,151434,7761],{},[20,151436,151437],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[59,151439,149908],{"id":149907},[20,151441,30159,151442,151444],{},[15,151443,38553],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[64,151446,151448],{"className":66,"code":151447,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151449,151450,151460,151464,151474],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151451,151452,151454,151456,151458],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151453,125095],{"class":216},[73,151455,221],{"class":220},[73,151457,149597],{"class":87},[73,151459,9151],{"class":83},[73,151461,151462],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,151463,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,151465,151466,151468,151470,151472],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,151467,80],{"class":79},[73,151469,84],{"class":83},[73,151471,125146],{"class":245},[73,151473,249],{"class":83},[73,151475,151476,151478,151480,151482,151484,151486],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,151477,80],{"class":79},[73,151479,84],{"class":83},[73,151481,288],{"class":87},[73,151483,84],{"class":83},[73,151485,125146],{"class":245},[73,151487,102],{"class":83},[20,151489,148],{},[64,151491,151492],{"className":66,"code":149953,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,151493,151494,151498],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151495,151496],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151497,9151],{"class":83},[73,151499,151500,151502,151504,151506,151508,151510],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,151501,330],{"class":220},[73,151503,334],{"class":333},[73,151505,337],{"class":93},[73,151507,49190],{"class":97},[73,151509,343],{"class":93},[73,151511,346],{"class":220},[20,151513,151514],{},"This is equivalent to:",[64,151516,151518],{"className":66,"code":151517,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"empty = ()\n",[15,151519,151520],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151521,151522,151524,151526],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151523,125095],{"class":216},[73,151525,221],{"class":220},[73,151527,149573],{"class":83},[59,151529,151531],{"id":151530},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[403,151533,151535],{"id":151534},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151537,151538],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[64,151540,151542],{"className":66,"code":151541,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151543,151544,151564,151578,151582],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151545,151546,151548,151550,151552,151554,151556,151558,151560,151562],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151547,4134],{"class":216},[73,151549,221],{"class":220},[73,151551,891],{"class":83},[73,151553,452],{"class":116},[73,151555,140],{"class":83},[73,151557,8300],{"class":116},[73,151559,140],{"class":83},[73,151561,8305],{"class":116},[73,151563,924],{"class":83},[73,151565,151566,151568,151570,151572,151574,151576],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,151567,2766],{"class":216},[73,151569,221],{"class":220},[73,151571,149597],{"class":87},[73,151573,84],{"class":83},[73,151575,4164],{"class":245},[73,151577,249],{"class":83},[73,151579,151580],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,151581,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,151583,151584,151586,151588,151590],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,151585,80],{"class":79},[73,151587,84],{"class":83},[73,151589,2800],{"class":245},[73,151591,249],{"class":83},[20,151593,148],{},[64,151595,151597],{"className":66,"code":151596,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151598,151599],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151600,151601,151603,151605,151607,151609,151611,151613],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151602,84],{"class":83},[73,151604,452],{"class":116},[73,151606,140],{"class":83},[73,151608,8300],{"class":116},[73,151610,140],{"class":83},[73,151612,8305],{"class":116},[73,151614,249],{"class":83},[20,151616,151617,151618,653],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[646,151619,105295],{"href":60296},[403,151621,151623],{"id":151622},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151625,151626],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[64,151628,151630],{"className":66,"code":151629,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151631,151632,151644,151658,151662],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151633,151634,151636,151638,151640,151642],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151635,217],{"class":216},[73,151637,221],{"class":220},[73,151639,224],{"class":93},[73,151641,37554],{"class":97},[73,151643,230],{"class":93},[73,151645,151646,151648,151650,151652,151654,151656],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,151647,2766],{"class":216},[73,151649,221],{"class":220},[73,151651,149597],{"class":87},[73,151653,84],{"class":83},[73,151655,246],{"class":245},[73,151657,249],{"class":83},[73,151659,151660],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,151661,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,151663,151664,151666,151668,151670],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,151665,80],{"class":79},[73,151667,84],{"class":83},[73,151669,2800],{"class":245},[73,151671,249],{"class":83},[20,151673,148],{},[64,151675,151677],{"className":66,"code":151676,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151678,151679],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151680,151681,151683,151685,151687,151689,151691,151693,151695,151697,151699,151701,151703,151705],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151682,84],{"class":83},[73,151684,343],{"class":93},[73,151686,10245],{"class":97},[73,151688,343],{"class":93},[73,151690,140],{"class":83},[73,151692,337],{"class":93},[73,151694,646],{"class":97},[73,151696,343],{"class":93},[73,151698,140],{"class":83},[73,151700,337],{"class":93},[73,151702,63528],{"class":97},[73,151704,343],{"class":93},[73,151706,249],{"class":83},[20,151708,151709,151710,1192,151713,151715,151716,653],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151711,151712],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[1194,151714,1196],{}," create ",[15,151717,151718],{},"('cat',)",[403,151720,151722],{"id":151721},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151724,151725,151727,151728,151730],{},[15,151726,36705],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151729,38553],{}," collects them all.",[64,151732,151734],{"className":66,"code":151733,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151735,151736,151754,151758],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151737,151738,151740,151742,151744,151746,151748,151750,151752],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151739,2766],{"class":216},[73,151741,221],{"class":220},[73,151743,149597],{"class":87},[73,151745,84],{"class":83},[73,151747,60239],{"class":79},[73,151749,84],{"class":83},[73,151751,688],{"class":116},[73,151753,102],{"class":83},[73,151755,151756],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,151757,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,151759,151760,151762,151764,151766],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,151761,80],{"class":79},[73,151763,84],{"class":83},[73,151765,2800],{"class":245},[73,151767,249],{"class":83},[20,151769,148],{},[64,151771,151773],{"className":66,"code":151772,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151774,151775],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151776,151777,151779,151781,151783,151785,151787,151789,151791,151793,151795,151797],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151778,84],{"class":83},[73,151780,806],{"class":116},[73,151782,140],{"class":83},[73,151784,2085],{"class":116},[73,151786,140],{"class":83},[73,151788,143],{"class":116},[73,151790,140],{"class":83},[73,151792,2982],{"class":116},[73,151794,140],{"class":83},[73,151796,2988],{"class":116},[73,151798,249],{"class":83},[403,151800,151802],{"id":151801},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151804,151805],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[64,151807,151809],{"className":66,"code":151808,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151810,151811,151831,151845,151849],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151812,151813,151815,151817,151819,151821,151823,151825,151827,151829],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151814,886],{"class":216},[73,151816,221],{"class":220},[73,151818,10997],{"class":83},[73,151820,2397],{"class":116},[73,151822,140],{"class":83},[73,151824,143],{"class":116},[73,151826,140],{"class":83},[73,151828,2982],{"class":116},[73,151830,9814],{"class":83},[73,151832,151833,151835,151837,151839,151841,151843],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,151834,2766],{"class":216},[73,151836,221],{"class":220},[73,151838,149597],{"class":87},[73,151840,84],{"class":83},[73,151842,5871],{"class":245},[73,151844,249],{"class":83},[73,151846,151847],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,151848,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,151850,151851,151853,151855,151857],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,151852,80],{"class":79},[73,151854,84],{"class":83},[73,151856,2800],{"class":245},[73,151858,249],{"class":83},[20,151860,148],{},[64,151862,151863],{"className":66,"code":149810,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,151864,151865],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151866,151867,151869,151871,151873,151875,151877,151879],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151868,84],{"class":83},[73,151870,2397],{"class":116},[73,151872,140],{"class":83},[73,151874,143],{"class":116},[73,151876,140],{"class":83},[73,151878,2982],{"class":116},[73,151880,249],{"class":83},[20,151882,151883,151884,653],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[646,151885,151887],{"href":151886},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[403,151889,151891],{"id":151890},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151893,63781,151894,151896],{},[15,151895,38553],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[64,151898,151900],{"className":66,"code":151899,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151901,151902,151938,151952,151956],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151903,151904,151906,151908,151910,151912,151914,151916,151918,151920,151922,151924,151926,151928,151930,151932,151934,151936],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151905,13715],{"class":216},[73,151907,221],{"class":220},[73,151909,10997],{"class":83},[73,151911,94],{"class":93},[73,151913,8177],{"class":97},[73,151915,94],{"class":93},[73,151917,1063],{"class":83},[73,151919,224],{"class":93},[73,151921,13391],{"class":97},[73,151923,94],{"class":93},[73,151925,140],{"class":83},[73,151927,224],{"class":93},[73,151929,9804],{"class":97},[73,151931,94],{"class":93},[73,151933,1063],{"class":83},[73,151935,9811],{"class":116},[73,151937,9814],{"class":83},[73,151939,151940,151942,151944,151946,151948,151950],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,151941,2766],{"class":216},[73,151943,221],{"class":220},[73,151945,149597],{"class":87},[73,151947,84],{"class":83},[73,151949,17818],{"class":245},[73,151951,249],{"class":83},[73,151953,151954],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,151955,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,151957,151958,151960,151962,151964],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,151959,80],{"class":79},[73,151961,84],{"class":83},[73,151963,2800],{"class":245},[73,151965,249],{"class":83},[20,151967,30536],{},[64,151969,151971],{"className":66,"code":151970,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151972,151973],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,151974,151975,151977,151979,151981,151983,151985,151987,151989,151991],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,151976,84],{"class":83},[73,151978,343],{"class":93},[73,151980,8177],{"class":97},[73,151982,343],{"class":93},[73,151984,140],{"class":83},[73,151986,337],{"class":93},[73,151988,9804],{"class":97},[73,151990,343],{"class":93},[73,151992,249],{"class":83},[59,151994,151996],{"id":151995},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151998,151999],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,152001,152002,152005],{},[15,152003,152004],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[64,152007,152009],{"className":66,"code":152008,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,152010,152011,152047,152051,152065],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,152012,152013,152015,152017,152019,152021,152023,152025,152027,152029,152031,152033,152035,152037,152039,152041,152043,152045],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,152014,13715],{"class":216},[73,152016,221],{"class":220},[73,152018,10997],{"class":83},[73,152020,94],{"class":93},[73,152022,8177],{"class":97},[73,152024,94],{"class":93},[73,152026,1063],{"class":83},[73,152028,224],{"class":93},[73,152030,13391],{"class":97},[73,152032,94],{"class":93},[73,152034,140],{"class":83},[73,152036,224],{"class":93},[73,152038,9804],{"class":97},[73,152040,94],{"class":93},[73,152042,1063],{"class":83},[73,152044,9811],{"class":116},[73,152046,9814],{"class":83},[73,152048,152049],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,152050,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,152052,152053,152055,152057,152059,152061,152063],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,152054,80],{"class":79},[73,152056,84],{"class":83},[73,152058,49190],{"class":87},[73,152060,84],{"class":83},[73,152062,17818],{"class":245},[73,152064,102],{"class":83},[73,152066,152067,152069,152071,152073,152075,152077,152079,152081],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,152068,80],{"class":79},[73,152070,84],{"class":83},[73,152072,49190],{"class":87},[73,152074,84],{"class":83},[73,152076,17818],{"class":245},[73,152078,653],{"class":83},[73,152080,8320],{"class":245},[73,152082,6801],{"class":83},[20,152084,148],{},[64,152086,152088],{"className":66,"code":152087,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,152089,152090,152110],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,152091,152092,152094,152096,152098,152100,152102,152104,152106,152108],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,152093,84],{"class":83},[73,152095,343],{"class":93},[73,152097,8177],{"class":97},[73,152099,343],{"class":93},[73,152101,140],{"class":83},[73,152103,337],{"class":93},[73,152105,9804],{"class":97},[73,152107,343],{"class":93},[73,152109,249],{"class":83},[73,152111,152112,152114,152116,152118,152120,152122,152124,152126,152128,152130,152132,152134,152136,152138,152140,152142],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,152113,6023],{"class":83},[73,152115,343],{"class":93},[73,152117,8177],{"class":97},[73,152119,343],{"class":93},[73,152121,140],{"class":83},[73,152123,337],{"class":93},[73,152125,13391],{"class":97},[73,152127,343],{"class":93},[73,152129,9739],{"class":83},[73,152131,9742],{"class":83},[73,152133,343],{"class":93},[73,152135,9804],{"class":97},[73,152137,343],{"class":93},[73,152139,140],{"class":83},[73,152141,9811],{"class":116},[73,152143,102],{"class":83},[20,152145,19207],{},[33,152147,152148,152153],{},[36,152149,152150,152152],{},[15,152151,152004],{}," for keys",[36,152154,152155,33063],{},[15,152156,152157],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,152159,152160,152161,653],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[646,152162,63791],{"href":63790},[59,152164,152166],{"id":152165},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,152168,152169,18831],{},[15,152170,38553],{},[33,152172,152173,152176,152179,152182],{},[36,152174,152175],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[36,152177,152178],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[36,152180,152181],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[36,152183,152184],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,152186,206],{},[64,152188,152190],{"className":66,"code":152189,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,152191,152192,152211],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,152193,152194,152197,152199,152201,152203,152205,152207,152209],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,152195,152196],{"class":216},"coordinates ",[73,152198,221],{"class":220},[73,152200,149597],{"class":87},[73,152202,3510],{"class":83},[73,152204,3036],{"class":116},[73,152206,140],{"class":83},[73,152208,6505],{"class":116},[73,152210,4398],{"class":83},[73,152212,152213,152215,152217,152220],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,152214,80],{"class":79},[73,152216,84],{"class":83},[73,152218,152219],{"class":245},"coordinates",[73,152221,249],{"class":83},[20,152223,148],{},[64,152225,152227],{"className":66,"code":152226,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(4, 7)\n",[15,152228,152229],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,152230,152231,152233,152235,152237,152239],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,152232,84],{"class":83},[73,152234,3036],{"class":116},[73,152236,140],{"class":83},[73,152238,6505],{"class":116},[73,152240,249],{"class":83},[20,152242,152243],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[33,152245,152246,152248,152251,152254],{},[36,152247,152219],{},[36,152249,152250],{},"RGB colors",[36,152252,152253],{},"dates",[36,152255,152256],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[59,152258,152260],{"id":152259},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,152262,44921,152263,11108],{},[15,152264,38553],{},[33,152266,152267,152270,152273],{},[36,152268,152269],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[36,152271,152272],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[36,152274,152275],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,152277,116722,152278,152280],{},[1194,152279,1196],{}," work:",[64,152282,152284],{"className":66,"code":152283,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"tuple(5)\n",[15,152285,152286],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,152287,152288,152290,152292,152294],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,152289,49190],{"class":87},[73,152291,84],{"class":83},[73,152293,688],{"class":116},[73,152295,249],{"class":83},[20,152297,152298],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,152300,152301],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[59,152303,115560],{"id":115559},[20,152305,152306],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[403,152308,152310],{"id":152309},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,152312,3367],{},[64,152314,152315],{"className":66,"code":152283,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,152316,152317],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,152318,152319,152321,152323,152325],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,152320,49190],{"class":87},[73,152322,84],{"class":83},[73,152324,688],{"class":116},[73,152326,249],{"class":83},[20,152328,30190],{},[64,152330,152331],{"className":66,"code":63895,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,152332,152333],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,152334,152335,152337,152339,152341,152343,152345,152347,152349,152351],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,152336,1630],{"class":87},[73,152338,1063],{"class":83},[73,152340,337],{"class":93},[73,152342,88],{"class":97},[73,152344,343],{"class":93},[73,152346,25127],{"class":87},[73,152348,8607],{"class":220},[73,152350,1910],{"class":220},[73,152352,63918],{"class":216},[20,152354,152355,152356,653],{},"If you see this, read ",[646,152357,62532],{"href":52838},[403,152359,152361],{"id":152360},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,152363,152364],{},"This code:",[64,152366,152368],{"className":66,"code":152367,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,152369,152370],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,152371,152372,152374,152376,152378,152380,152382],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,152373,49190],{"class":87},[73,152375,84],{"class":83},[73,152377,94],{"class":93},[73,152379,4357],{"class":97},[73,152381,94],{"class":93},[73,152383,249],{"class":83},[20,152385,152386],{},"returns:",[64,152388,152390],{"className":66,"code":152389,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,152391,152392],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,152393,152394,152396,152398,152400,152402,152404,152406,152408,152410,152412,152414,152416,152418,152420,152422,152424,152426,152428,152430,152432,152434],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,152395,84],{"class":83},[73,152397,343],{"class":93},[73,152399,60679],{"class":97},[73,152401,343],{"class":93},[73,152403,140],{"class":83},[73,152405,337],{"class":93},[73,152407,60688],{"class":97},[73,152409,343],{"class":93},[73,152411,140],{"class":83},[73,152413,337],{"class":93},[73,152415,60697],{"class":97},[73,152417,343],{"class":93},[73,152419,140],{"class":83},[73,152421,337],{"class":93},[73,152423,60697],{"class":97},[73,152425,343],{"class":93},[73,152427,140],{"class":83},[73,152429,337],{"class":93},[73,152431,60714],{"class":97},[73,152433,343],{"class":93},[73,152435,249],{"class":83},[20,152437,41410,152438,152440],{},[1194,152439,1196],{}," return:",[64,152442,152444],{"className":66,"code":152443,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"('hello',)\n",[15,152445,152446],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,152447,152448,152450,152452,152454,152456],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,152449,84],{"class":83},[73,152451,343],{"class":93},[73,152453,4357],{"class":97},[73,152455,343],{"class":93},[73,152457,149587],{"class":83},[20,152459,152460],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[64,152462,152464],{"className":66,"code":152463,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152465,152466,152483],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,152467,152468,152471,152473,152475,152477,152479,152481],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,152469,152470],{"class":216},"single ",[73,152472,221],{"class":220},[73,152474,9742],{"class":83},[73,152476,94],{"class":93},[73,152478,4357],{"class":97},[73,152480,94],{"class":93},[73,152482,149587],{"class":83},[73,152484,152485,152487,152489,152492],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,152486,80],{"class":79},[73,152488,84],{"class":83},[73,152490,152491],{"class":245},"single",[73,152493,249],{"class":83},[403,152495,152497],{"id":152496},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152499,152364],{},[64,152501,152503],{"className":66,"code":152502,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152504,152505,152537],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,152506,152507,152509,152511,152513,152515,152517,152519,152521,152523,152525,152527,152529,152531,152533,152535],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,152508,9672],{"class":216},[73,152510,221],{"class":220},[73,152512,10997],{"class":83},[73,152514,94],{"class":93},[73,152516,646],{"class":97},[73,152518,94],{"class":93},[73,152520,1063],{"class":83},[73,152522,2085],{"class":116},[73,152524,140],{"class":83},[73,152526,224],{"class":93},[73,152528,5274],{"class":97},[73,152530,94],{"class":93},[73,152532,1063],{"class":83},[73,152534,143],{"class":116},[73,152536,9814],{"class":83},[73,152538,152539,152541,152543,152545,152547,152549],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,152540,80],{"class":79},[73,152542,84],{"class":83},[73,152544,49190],{"class":87},[73,152546,84],{"class":83},[73,152548,9710],{"class":245},[73,152550,102],{"class":83},[20,152552,152553],{},"returns only the keys:",[64,152555,152557],{"className":66,"code":152556,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152558,152559],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,152560,152561,152563,152565,152567,152569,152571,152573,152575,152577],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,152562,84],{"class":83},[73,152564,343],{"class":93},[73,152566,646],{"class":97},[73,152568,343],{"class":93},[73,152570,140],{"class":83},[73,152572,337],{"class":93},[73,152574,5274],{"class":97},[73,152576,343],{"class":93},[73,152578,249],{"class":83},[20,152580,152581],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[64,152583,152585],{"className":66,"code":152584,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152586,152587],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,152588,152589,152591,152593,152595,152597,152599,152601,152603],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,152590,80],{"class":79},[73,152592,84],{"class":83},[73,152594,49190],{"class":87},[73,152596,84],{"class":83},[73,152598,9710],{"class":245},[73,152600,653],{"class":83},[73,152602,8320],{"class":245},[73,152604,6801],{"class":83},[403,152606,152608],{"id":152607},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152610,152611,152612,152614],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152613,38553],{}," conversion.",[20,152616,5985],{},[64,152618,152620],{"className":66,"code":152619,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152621,152622,152642],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,152623,152624,152626,152628,152630,152632,152634,152636,152638,152640],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,152625,2202],{"class":216},[73,152627,221],{"class":220},[73,152629,9742],{"class":83},[73,152631,2397],{"class":116},[73,152633,140],{"class":83},[73,152635,143],{"class":116},[73,152637,140],{"class":83},[73,152639,2982],{"class":116},[73,152641,249],{"class":83},[73,152643,152644,152646,152648,152650],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,152645,80],{"class":79},[73,152647,84],{"class":83},[73,152649,967],{"class":245},[73,152651,249],{"class":83},[20,152653,152654],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152656,26016,152657,152659],{},[15,152658,38553],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[59,152661,2350],{"id":2349},[403,152663,152665],{"id":152664},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152667,152668],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[403,152670,152672],{"id":152671},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152674,152675,152676,653],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152677,1052],{},[403,152679,152681],{"id":152680},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152683,152684],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[403,152686,152688],{"id":152687},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152690,152691],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[403,152693,152695],{"id":152694},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152697,152698,152699,653],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152700,1630],{},[59,152702,2413],{"id":2412},[33,152704,152705,152709,152713,152717,152721,152725],{},[36,152706,152707],{},[646,152708,148231],{"href":148230},[36,152710,152711],{},[646,152712,151158],{"href":149534},[36,152714,152715],{},[646,152716,105295],{"href":60296},[36,152718,152719],{},[646,152720,151887],{"href":151886},[36,152722,152723],{},[646,152724,63791],{"href":63790},[36,152726,152727],{},[646,152728,62532],{"href":52838},[2459,152730,152731],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":152733},[152734,152735,152736,152737,152738,152745,152746,152747,152748,152754,152761],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":151361,"depth":105,"text":151362},{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":149907,"depth":105,"text":149908},{"id":151530,"depth":105,"text":151531,"children":152739},[152740,152741,152742,152743,152744],{"id":151534,"depth":122,"text":151535},{"id":151622,"depth":122,"text":151623},{"id":151721,"depth":122,"text":151722},{"id":151801,"depth":122,"text":151802},{"id":151890,"depth":122,"text":151891},{"id":151995,"depth":105,"text":151996},{"id":152165,"depth":105,"text":152166},{"id":152259,"depth":105,"text":152260},{"id":115559,"depth":105,"text":115560,"children":152749},[152750,152751,152752,152753],{"id":152309,"depth":122,"text":152310},{"id":152360,"depth":122,"text":152361},{"id":152496,"depth":122,"text":152497},{"id":152607,"depth":122,"text":152608},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":152755},[152756,152757,152758,152759,152760],{"id":152664,"depth":122,"text":152665},{"id":152671,"depth":122,"text":152672},{"id":152680,"depth":122,"text":152681},{"id":152687,"depth":122,"text":152688},{"id":152694,"depth":122,"text":152695},{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":151216,"description":152762},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152769,"title":152770,"body":152771,"description":154184,"extension":2511,"meta":154185,"navigation":254,"path":154186,"seo":154187,"stem":154188,"__hash__":154189},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152772,"toc":154156},[152773,152778,152783,152786,152788,152867,152873,152878,152882,152897,152899,152946,152948,152956,152964,152970,152972,152977,152997,153000,153027,153029,153053,153055,153197,153199,153203,153211,153214,153216,153293,153295,153303,153307,153311,153321,153331,153333,153338,153340,153399,153404,153406,153506,153508,153522,153527,153533,153540,153543,153545,153655,153659,153676,153678,153741,153743,153751,153763,153767,153772,153800,153803,153885,153887,153898,153900,153904,153931,153933,153935,154015,154023,154025,154080,154082,154087,154090,154094,154098,154100,154104,154108,154116,154123,154126,154128,154153],[10,152774,148115,152776,11831],{"id":152775},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152777,59208],{},[20,152779,152780,152782],{},[15,152781,149436],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152784,152785],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[59,152787,62],{"id":61},[64,152789,152791],{"className":66,"code":152790,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152792,152793,152833,152855],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,152794,152795,152797,152799,152801,152803,152805,152807,152809,152811,152813,152815,152817,152819,152821,152823,152825,152827,152829,152831],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,152796,13586],{"class":216},[73,152798,221],{"class":220},[73,152800,9742],{"class":83},[73,152802,94],{"class":93},[73,152804,13603],{"class":97},[73,152806,94],{"class":93},[73,152808,140],{"class":83},[73,152810,224],{"class":93},[73,152812,13620],{"class":97},[73,152814,94],{"class":93},[73,152816,140],{"class":83},[73,152818,224],{"class":93},[73,152820,17967],{"class":97},[73,152822,94],{"class":93},[73,152824,140],{"class":83},[73,152826,224],{"class":93},[73,152828,13620],{"class":97},[73,152830,94],{"class":93},[73,152832,249],{"class":83},[73,152834,152835,152837,152839,152841,152843,152845,152847,152849,152851,152853],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,152836,65161],{"class":216},[73,152838,221],{"class":220},[73,152840,13634],{"class":216},[73,152842,653],{"class":83},[73,152844,36352],{"class":245},[73,152846,84],{"class":83},[73,152848,94],{"class":93},[73,152850,13620],{"class":97},[73,152852,94],{"class":93},[73,152854,249],{"class":83},[73,152856,152857,152859,152861,152863,152865],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,152858,80],{"class":79},[73,152860,84],{"class":83},[73,152862,65188],{"class":245},[73,152864,4177],{"class":83},[73,152866,28290],{"class":769},[20,152868,152869,152872],{},[15,152870,152871],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[59,152874,178,152876,181],{"id":152875},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152877,149436],{},[20,152879,1580,152880,11922],{},[15,152881,59208],{},[33,152883,152884,152887,152889,152892],{},[36,152885,152886],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[36,152888,128713],{},[36,152890,152891],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[36,152893,152894,152895],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152896,806],{},[20,152898,206],{},[64,152900,152902],{"className":66,"code":152901,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152903,152904,152928],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,152905,152906,152908,152910,152912,152914,152916,152918,152920,152922,152924,152926],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,152907,4134],{"class":216},[73,152909,221],{"class":220},[73,152911,9742],{"class":83},[73,152913,452],{"class":116},[73,152915,140],{"class":83},[73,152917,8300],{"class":116},[73,152919,140],{"class":83},[73,152921,8305],{"class":116},[73,152923,140],{"class":83},[73,152925,8300],{"class":116},[73,152927,249],{"class":83},[73,152929,152930,152932,152934,152936,152938,152940,152942,152944],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,152931,80],{"class":79},[73,152933,84],{"class":83},[73,152935,4164],{"class":245},[73,152937,653],{"class":83},[73,152939,36352],{"class":245},[73,152941,84],{"class":83},[73,152943,16264],{"class":116},[73,152945,102],{"class":83},[20,152947,148],{},[64,152949,152950],{"className":66,"code":508,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,152951,152952],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,152953,152954],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,152955,508],{"class":116},[20,152957,21490,152958,152960,152961,152963],{},[15,152959,16264],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152962,59208],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152965,151382,152966,653],{},[646,152967,152969],{"href":152968},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[59,152971,370],{"id":369},[20,152973,8272,152974,152976],{},[15,152975,59208],{}," in two ways:",[64,152978,152980],{"className":66,"code":152979,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152981,152982],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,152983,152984,152987,152989,152991,152993,152995],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,152985,152986],{"class":216},"tuple_name",[73,152988,653],{"class":83},[73,152990,36352],{"class":245},[73,152992,84],{"class":83},[73,152994,967],{"class":245},[73,152996,249],{"class":83},[20,152998,152999],{},"or:",[64,153001,153003],{"className":66,"code":153002,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,153004,153005],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,153006,153007,153009,153011,153013,153015,153017,153019,153021,153023,153025],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,153008,152986],{"class":216},[73,153010,653],{"class":83},[73,153012,36352],{"class":245},[73,153014,84],{"class":83},[73,153016,967],{"class":245},[73,153018,140],{"class":83},[73,153020,36558],{"class":245},[73,153022,140],{"class":83},[73,153024,65282],{"class":245},[73,153026,249],{"class":83},[403,153028,17906],{"id":17905},[33,153030,153031,153036,153041,153046],{},[36,153032,153033,153035],{},[15,153034,967],{}," — the item to search for",[36,153037,153038,153040],{},[15,153039,36579],{}," — optional starting position",[36,153042,153043,153045],{},[15,153044,52899],{}," — optional ending position",[36,153047,153048,5297,153050,153052],{},[15,153049,52899],{},[1194,153051,65311],{}," in the search",[20,153054,206],{},[64,153056,153058],{"className":66,"code":153057,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,153059,153060,153108,153112,153137,153165],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,153061,153062,153064,153066,153068,153070,153072,153074,153076,153078,153080,153082,153084,153086,153088,153090,153092,153094,153096,153098,153100,153102,153104,153106],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,153063,36597],{"class":216},[73,153065,221],{"class":220},[73,153067,9742],{"class":83},[73,153069,94],{"class":93},[73,153071,646],{"class":97},[73,153073,94],{"class":93},[73,153075,140],{"class":83},[73,153077,224],{"class":93},[73,153079,5274],{"class":97},[73,153081,94],{"class":93},[73,153083,140],{"class":83},[73,153085,224],{"class":93},[73,153087,10245],{"class":97},[73,153089,94],{"class":93},[73,153091,140],{"class":83},[73,153093,224],{"class":93},[73,153095,5274],{"class":97},[73,153097,94],{"class":93},[73,153099,140],{"class":83},[73,153101,224],{"class":93},[73,153103,19280],{"class":97},[73,153105,94],{"class":93},[73,153107,249],{"class":83},[73,153109,153110],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,153111,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,153113,153114,153116,153118,153120,153122,153124,153126,153128,153130,153132,153134],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,153115,80],{"class":79},[73,153117,84],{"class":83},[73,153119,36650],{"class":245},[73,153121,653],{"class":83},[73,153123,36352],{"class":245},[73,153125,84],{"class":83},[73,153127,94],{"class":93},[73,153129,5274],{"class":97},[73,153131,94],{"class":93},[73,153133,5874],{"class":83},[73,153135,153136],{"class":769},"        # 1\n",[73,153138,153139,153141,153143,153145,153147,153149,153151,153153,153155,153157,153159,153161,153163],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,153140,80],{"class":79},[73,153142,84],{"class":83},[73,153144,36650],{"class":245},[73,153146,653],{"class":83},[73,153148,36352],{"class":245},[73,153150,84],{"class":83},[73,153152,94],{"class":93},[73,153154,5274],{"class":97},[73,153156,94],{"class":93},[73,153158,140],{"class":83},[73,153160,143],{"class":116},[73,153162,5874],{"class":83},[73,153164,51156],{"class":769},[73,153166,153167,153169,153171,153173,153175,153177,153179,153181,153183,153185,153187,153189,153191,153193,153195],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,153168,80],{"class":79},[73,153170,84],{"class":83},[73,153172,36650],{"class":245},[73,153174,653],{"class":83},[73,153176,36352],{"class":245},[73,153178,84],{"class":83},[73,153180,94],{"class":93},[73,153182,5274],{"class":97},[73,153184,94],{"class":93},[73,153186,140],{"class":83},[73,153188,2085],{"class":116},[73,153190,140],{"class":83},[73,153192,2982],{"class":116},[73,153194,5874],{"class":83},[73,153196,28290],{"class":769},[59,153198,103622],{"id":103621},[20,153200,153201,26019],{},[15,153202,149436],{},[33,153204,153205,153208],{},[36,153206,153207],{},"An integer",[36,153209,153210],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,153212,153213],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,153215,206],{},[64,153217,153219],{"className":66,"code":153218,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,153220,153221,153261,153283],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,153222,153223,153225,153227,153229,153231,153233,153235,153237,153239,153241,153243,153245,153247,153249,153251,153253,153255,153257,153259],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,153224,108721],{"class":216},[73,153226,221],{"class":220},[73,153228,9742],{"class":83},[73,153230,94],{"class":93},[73,153232,37554],{"class":97},[73,153234,94],{"class":93},[73,153236,140],{"class":83},[73,153238,224],{"class":93},[73,153240,58367],{"class":97},[73,153242,94],{"class":93},[73,153244,140],{"class":83},[73,153246,224],{"class":93},[73,153248,58384],{"class":97},[73,153250,94],{"class":93},[73,153252,140],{"class":83},[73,153254,224],{"class":93},[73,153256,58367],{"class":97},[73,153258,94],{"class":93},[73,153260,249],{"class":83},[73,153262,153263,153265,153267,153269,153271,153273,153275,153277,153279,153281],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,153264,2766],{"class":216},[73,153266,221],{"class":220},[73,153268,108764],{"class":216},[73,153270,653],{"class":83},[73,153272,36352],{"class":245},[73,153274,84],{"class":83},[73,153276,94],{"class":93},[73,153278,58367],{"class":97},[73,153280,94],{"class":93},[73,153282,249],{"class":83},[73,153284,153285,153287,153289,153291],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,153286,80],{"class":79},[73,153288,84],{"class":83},[73,153290,2800],{"class":245},[73,153292,249],{"class":83},[20,153294,148],{},[64,153296,153297],{"className":66,"code":508,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,153298,153299],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,153300,153301],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,153302,508],{"class":116},[59,153304,153306],{"id":153305},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,153308,171,153309,11108],{},[15,153310,149436],{},[33,153312,153313,153315,153318],{},[36,153314,66340],{},[36,153316,153317],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[36,153319,153320],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,153322,153323,153324,153327,153328,653],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,153325,153326],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[646,153329,149904],{"href":153330},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[59,153332,65872],{"id":65871},[20,153334,153335,153336,653],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,153337,781],{},[20,153339,206],{},[64,153341,153343],{"className":66,"code":153342,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,153344,153345,153377],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,153346,153347,153349,153351,153353,153355,153357,153359,153361,153363,153365,153367,153369,153371,153373,153375],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,153348,13586],{"class":216},[73,153350,221],{"class":220},[73,153352,9742],{"class":83},[73,153354,94],{"class":93},[73,153356,13603],{"class":97},[73,153358,94],{"class":93},[73,153360,140],{"class":83},[73,153362,224],{"class":93},[73,153364,13620],{"class":97},[73,153366,94],{"class":93},[73,153368,140],{"class":83},[73,153370,224],{"class":93},[73,153372,17967],{"class":97},[73,153374,94],{"class":93},[73,153376,249],{"class":83},[73,153378,153379,153381,153383,153385,153387,153389,153391,153393,153395,153397],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,153380,80],{"class":79},[73,153382,84],{"class":83},[73,153384,18014],{"class":245},[73,153386,653],{"class":83},[73,153388,36352],{"class":245},[73,153390,84],{"class":83},[73,153392,94],{"class":93},[73,153394,23033],{"class":97},[73,153396,94],{"class":93},[73,153398,102],{"class":83},[20,153400,40161,153401,153403],{},[15,153402,110046],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,153405,65947],{},[64,153407,153409],{"className":66,"code":153408,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153410,153411,153443,153447,153463,153485,153491],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,153412,153413,153415,153417,153419,153421,153423,153425,153427,153429,153431,153433,153435,153437,153439,153441],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,153414,13586],{"class":216},[73,153416,221],{"class":220},[73,153418,9742],{"class":83},[73,153420,94],{"class":93},[73,153422,13603],{"class":97},[73,153424,94],{"class":93},[73,153426,140],{"class":83},[73,153428,224],{"class":93},[73,153430,13620],{"class":97},[73,153432,94],{"class":93},[73,153434,140],{"class":83},[73,153436,224],{"class":93},[73,153438,17967],{"class":97},[73,153440,94],{"class":93},[73,153442,249],{"class":83},[73,153444,153445],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,153446,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,153448,153449,153451,153453,153455,153457,153459,153461],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,153450,7507],{"class":933},[73,153452,224],{"class":93},[73,153454,23033],{"class":97},[73,153456,94],{"class":93},[73,153458,21686],{"class":220},[73,153460,13634],{"class":216},[73,153462,946],{"class":83},[73,153464,153465,153467,153469,153471,153473,153475,153477,153479,153481,153483],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,153466,1676],{"class":79},[73,153468,84],{"class":83},[73,153470,18014],{"class":245},[73,153472,653],{"class":83},[73,153474,36352],{"class":245},[73,153476,84],{"class":83},[73,153478,94],{"class":93},[73,153480,23033],{"class":97},[73,153482,94],{"class":93},[73,153484,102],{"class":83},[73,153486,153487,153489],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,153488,27944],{"class":933},[73,153490,946],{"class":83},[73,153492,153493,153495,153497,153499,153502,153504],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,153494,1676],{"class":79},[73,153496,84],{"class":83},[73,153498,94],{"class":93},[73,153500,153501],{"class":97},"Value not found",[73,153503,94],{"class":93},[73,153505,249],{"class":83},[20,153507,148],{},[64,153509,153511],{"className":66,"code":153510,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Value not found\n",[15,153512,153513],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,153514,153515,153518,153520],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,153516,153517],{"class":216},"Value ",[73,153519,1196],{"class":220},[73,153521,66071],{"class":216},[20,153523,153524,153525,653],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[646,153526,66081],{"href":66080},[59,153528,657,153529,1647,153531],{"id":65648},[15,153530,36579],{},[15,153532,52899],{},[20,153534,1580,153535,1647,153537,153539],{},[15,153536,36579],{},[15,153538,52899],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153541,153542],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153544,206],{},[64,153546,153548],{"className":66,"code":153547,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153549,153550,153578,153582,153603,153627],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,153551,153552,153554,153556,153558,153560,153562,153564,153566,153568,153570,153572,153574,153576],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,153553,886],{"class":216},[73,153555,221],{"class":220},[73,153557,9742],{"class":83},[73,153559,688],{"class":116},[73,153561,140],{"class":83},[73,153563,6516],{"class":116},[73,153565,140],{"class":83},[73,153567,5118],{"class":116},[73,153569,140],{"class":83},[73,153571,8300],{"class":116},[73,153573,140],{"class":83},[73,153575,5118],{"class":116},[73,153577,249],{"class":83},[73,153579,153580],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,153581,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,153583,153584,153586,153588,153590,153592,153594,153596,153598,153600],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,153585,80],{"class":79},[73,153587,84],{"class":83},[73,153589,5871],{"class":245},[73,153591,653],{"class":83},[73,153593,36352],{"class":245},[73,153595,84],{"class":83},[73,153597,688],{"class":116},[73,153599,5874],{"class":83},[73,153601,153602],{"class":769},"        # 0\n",[73,153604,153605,153607,153609,153611,153613,153615,153617,153619,153621,153623,153625],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,153606,80],{"class":79},[73,153608,84],{"class":83},[73,153610,5871],{"class":245},[73,153612,653],{"class":83},[73,153614,36352],{"class":245},[73,153616,84],{"class":83},[73,153618,688],{"class":116},[73,153620,140],{"class":83},[73,153622,2085],{"class":116},[73,153624,5874],{"class":83},[73,153626,51190],{"class":769},[73,153628,153629,153631,153633,153635,153637,153639,153641,153643,153645,153647,153649,153651,153653],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,153630,80],{"class":79},[73,153632,84],{"class":83},[73,153634,5871],{"class":245},[73,153636,653],{"class":83},[73,153638,36352],{"class":245},[73,153640,84],{"class":83},[73,153642,688],{"class":116},[73,153644,140],{"class":83},[73,153646,2982],{"class":116},[73,153648,140],{"class":83},[73,153650,5118],{"class":116},[73,153652,5874],{"class":83},[73,153654,51173],{"class":769},[403,153656,153658],{"id":153657},"how-it-works","How it works",[33,153660,153661,153666,153671],{},[36,153662,153663,153665],{},[15,153664,36579],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[36,153667,153668,153670],{},[15,153669,52899],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[36,153672,1580,153673,153675],{},[15,153674,52899],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153677,206],{},[64,153679,153681],{"className":66,"code":153680,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153682,153683,153711,153715],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,153684,153685,153687,153689,153691,153693,153695,153697,153699,153701,153703,153705,153707,153709],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,153686,886],{"class":216},[73,153688,221],{"class":220},[73,153690,9742],{"class":83},[73,153692,688],{"class":116},[73,153694,140],{"class":83},[73,153696,6516],{"class":116},[73,153698,140],{"class":83},[73,153700,5118],{"class":116},[73,153702,140],{"class":83},[73,153704,8300],{"class":116},[73,153706,140],{"class":83},[73,153708,5118],{"class":116},[73,153710,249],{"class":83},[73,153712,153713],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,153714,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,153716,153717,153719,153721,153723,153725,153727,153729,153731,153733,153735,153737,153739],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,153718,80],{"class":79},[73,153720,84],{"class":83},[73,153722,5871],{"class":245},[73,153724,653],{"class":83},[73,153726,36352],{"class":245},[73,153728,84],{"class":83},[73,153730,688],{"class":116},[73,153732,140],{"class":83},[73,153734,2085],{"class":116},[73,153736,140],{"class":83},[73,153738,2988],{"class":116},[73,153740,102],{"class":83},[20,153742,148],{},[64,153744,153745],{"className":66,"code":17567,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,153746,153747],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,153748,153749],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,153750,17567],{"class":116},[20,153752,153753,153754,2728,153756,17583,153758,153760,153761,653],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153755,2397],{},[15,153757,530],{},[15,153759,1304],{},", but not ",[15,153762,3036],{},[59,153764,153766],{"id":153765},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153768,153769,153770,1063],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153771,149436],{},[33,153773,153774,153782,153787,153794],{},[36,153775,153776,153777,153779,153780],{},"Do not confuse the ",[1194,153778,967],{}," with the ",[1194,153781,36352],{},[36,153783,153784,153785],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153786,806],{},[36,153788,171,153789,153793],{},[646,153790,149462,153791,11248],{"href":149514},[15,153792,57530],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[36,153795,153796,153797,153799],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153798,153326],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153801,153802],{},"Example of value vs index:",[64,153804,153806],{"className":66,"code":153805,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153807,153808,153840,153844,153868],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,153809,153810,153812,153814,153816,153818,153820,153822,153824,153826,153828,153830,153832,153834,153836,153838],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,153811,36746],{"class":216},[73,153813,221],{"class":220},[73,153815,9742],{"class":83},[73,153817,94],{"class":93},[73,153819,4590],{"class":97},[73,153821,94],{"class":93},[73,153823,140],{"class":83},[73,153825,224],{"class":93},[73,153827,4599],{"class":97},[73,153829,94],{"class":93},[73,153831,140],{"class":83},[73,153833,224],{"class":93},[73,153835,33727],{"class":97},[73,153837,94],{"class":93},[73,153839,249],{"class":83},[73,153841,153842],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,153843,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,153845,153846,153848,153850,153852,153854,153856,153858,153860,153862,153864,153866],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,153847,80],{"class":79},[73,153849,84],{"class":83},[73,153851,36798],{"class":245},[73,153853,653],{"class":83},[73,153855,36352],{"class":245},[73,153857,84],{"class":83},[73,153859,94],{"class":93},[73,153861,4599],{"class":97},[73,153863,94],{"class":93},[73,153865,5874],{"class":83},[73,153867,28290],{"class":769},[73,153869,153870,153872,153874,153876,153878,153880,153882],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,153871,80],{"class":79},[73,153873,84],{"class":83},[73,153875,36798],{"class":245},[73,153877,4410],{"class":83},[73,153879,2397],{"class":116},[73,153881,20958],{"class":83},[73,153883,153884],{"class":769},"               # banana\n",[20,153886,2718],{},[33,153888,153889,153893],{},[36,153890,153891,15756],{},[15,153892,65516],{},[36,153894,153895,153897],{},[15,153896,2397],{}," is the index",[59,153899,2102],{"id":2101},[20,153901,106360,153902,1063],{},[15,153903,149436],{},[33,153905,153906,153909,153914,153919,153926],{},[36,153907,153908],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[36,153910,2300,153911,153913],{},[15,153912,59208],{}," to return all matching positions",[36,153915,153916,153917],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153918,806],{},[36,153920,153921,153922,1647,153924],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153923,36579],{},[15,153925,52899],{},[36,153927,37711,153928,153930],{},[15,153929,149436],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[403,153932,60951],{"id":60950},[20,153934,94622],{},[64,153936,153938],{"className":66,"code":153937,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153939,153940,153950,153964,153979,153997],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,153941,153942,153944,153946,153948],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,153943,80],{"class":79},[73,153945,84],{"class":83},[73,153947,148249],{"class":245},[73,153949,249],{"class":83},[73,153951,153952,153954,153956,153958,153960,153962],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,153953,80],{"class":79},[73,153955,84],{"class":83},[73,153957,11670],{"class":79},[73,153959,84],{"class":83},[73,153961,148249],{"class":245},[73,153963,102],{"class":83},[73,153965,153966,153968,153970,153972,153974,153977],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,153967,80],{"class":79},[73,153969,84],{"class":83},[73,153971,2202],{"class":245},[73,153973,940],{"class":933},[73,153975,153976],{"class":245}," my_tuple",[73,153978,249],{"class":83},[73,153980,153981,153983,153985,153987,153989,153991,153993,153995],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,153982,80],{"class":79},[73,153984,84],{"class":83},[73,153986,148249],{"class":245},[73,153988,653],{"class":83},[73,153990,41761],{"class":245},[73,153992,84],{"class":83},[73,153994,967],{"class":245},[73,153996,102],{"class":83},[73,153998,153999,154001,154003,154005,154007,154009,154011,154013],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,154000,80],{"class":79},[73,154002,84],{"class":83},[73,154004,148249],{"class":245},[73,154006,653],{"class":83},[73,154008,36352],{"class":245},[73,154010,84],{"class":83},[73,154012,967],{"class":245},[73,154014,102],{"class":83},[20,154016,154017,154018,84639,154020,154022],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,154019,781],{},[15,154021,967],{}," is missing.",[20,154024,129866],{},[64,154026,154028],{"className":66,"code":154027,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,154029,154030,154042,154060,154066],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,154031,154032,154034,154036,154038,154040],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,154033,7507],{"class":933},[73,154035,937],{"class":216},[73,154037,940],{"class":220},[73,154039,153976],{"class":216},[73,154041,946],{"class":83},[73,154043,154044,154046,154048,154050,154052,154054,154056,154058],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,154045,1676],{"class":79},[73,154047,84],{"class":83},[73,154049,148249],{"class":245},[73,154051,653],{"class":83},[73,154053,36352],{"class":245},[73,154055,84],{"class":83},[73,154057,967],{"class":245},[73,154059,102],{"class":83},[73,154061,154062,154064],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,154063,27944],{"class":933},[73,154065,946],{"class":83},[73,154067,154068,154070,154072,154074,154076,154078],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,154069,1676],{"class":79},[73,154071,84],{"class":83},[73,154073,94],{"class":93},[73,154075,153501],{"class":97},[73,154077,94],{"class":93},[73,154079,249],{"class":83},[59,154081,2350],{"id":2349},[403,154083,2387,154085,2391],{"id":154084},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,154086,149436],{},[20,154088,154089],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[403,154091,154093],{"id":154092},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,154095,154096,152963],{},[15,154097,149436],{},[403,154099,149415],{"id":149414},[20,154101,77100,154102,653],{},[15,154103,781],{},[403,154105,154107],{"id":154106},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,154109,154110,154111,1647,154113,154115],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,154112,36579],{},[15,154114,52899],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[403,154117,15412,154119,57445,154121,3023],{"id":154118},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,154120,149436],{},[15,154122,65107],{},[20,154124,154125],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[59,154127,2413],{"id":2412},[33,154129,154130,154136,154140,154145,154149],{},[36,154131,154132],{},[646,154133,149462,154134,11248],{"href":149514},[15,154135,57530],{},[36,154137,154138],{},[646,154139,149904],{"href":153330},[36,154141,154142],{},[646,154143,154144],{"href":151210},"Creating a tuple in Python",[36,154146,154147],{},[646,154148,66081],{"href":66080},[36,154150,154151],{},[646,154152,151158],{"href":152968},[2459,154154,154155],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":154157},[154158,154159,154161,154164,154165,154166,154167,154170,154171,154174,154183],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":152875,"depth":105,"text":154160},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370,"children":154162},[154163],{"id":17905,"depth":122,"text":17906},{"id":103621,"depth":105,"text":103622},{"id":153305,"depth":105,"text":153306},{"id":65871,"depth":105,"text":65872},{"id":65648,"depth":105,"text":66431,"children":154168},[154169],{"id":153657,"depth":122,"text":153658},{"id":153765,"depth":105,"text":153766},{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102,"children":154172},[154173],{"id":60950,"depth":122,"text":60951},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":154175},[154176,154178,154179,154180,154181],{"id":154084,"depth":122,"text":154177},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":154092,"depth":122,"text":154093},{"id":149414,"depth":122,"text":149415},{"id":154106,"depth":122,"text":154107},{"id":154118,"depth":122,"text":154182},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152770,"description":154184},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":154191,"title":154192,"body":154193,"description":155588,"extension":2511,"meta":155589,"navigation":254,"path":153330,"seo":155590,"stem":155591,"__hash__":155592},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":154194,"toc":155570},[154195,154198,154201,154204,154218,154220,154223,154317,154327,154333,154337,154340,154343,154345,154363,154365,154436,154438,154455,154459,154463,154466,154483,154486,154501,154503,154594,154597,154601,154604,154621,154623,154718,154721,154724,154728,154731,154825,154827,154846,154849,154853,154856,154858,154913,154915,154950,154953,154967,154975,155068,155077,155081,155084,155091,155094,155141,155143,155151,155154,155205,155207,155224,155229,155233,155236,155239,155241,155292,155295,155350,155353,155356,155358,155361,155381,155383,155456,155459,155472,155474,155478,155483,155487,155492,155509,155513,155516,155533,155537,155540,155542,155567],[10,154196,154192],{"id":154197},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,154199,154200],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,154202,154203],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[33,154205,154206,154209,154212,154215],{},[36,154207,154208],{},"positive indexes",[36,154210,154211],{},"negative indexes",[36,154213,154214],{},"common indexing mistakes",[36,154216,154217],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[59,154219,4124],{"id":4123},[20,154221,154222],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[64,154224,154226],{"className":66,"code":154225,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,154227,154228,154260,154264,154281,154298],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,154229,154230,154232,154234,154236,154238,154240,154242,154244,154246,154248,154250,154252,154254,154256,154258],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,154231,13586],{"class":216},[73,154233,221],{"class":220},[73,154235,9742],{"class":83},[73,154237,94],{"class":93},[73,154239,13603],{"class":97},[73,154241,94],{"class":93},[73,154243,140],{"class":83},[73,154245,224],{"class":93},[73,154247,17967],{"class":97},[73,154249,94],{"class":93},[73,154251,140],{"class":83},[73,154253,224],{"class":93},[73,154255,13620],{"class":97},[73,154257,94],{"class":93},[73,154259,249],{"class":83},[73,154261,154262],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,154263,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,154265,154266,154268,154270,154272,154274,154276,154278],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,154267,80],{"class":79},[73,154269,84],{"class":83},[73,154271,18014],{"class":245},[73,154273,4410],{"class":83},[73,154275,806],{"class":116},[73,154277,20958],{"class":83},[73,154279,154280],{"class":769},"   # red\n",[73,154282,154283,154285,154287,154289,154291,154293,154295],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,154284,80],{"class":79},[73,154286,84],{"class":83},[73,154288,18014],{"class":245},[73,154290,4410],{"class":83},[73,154292,2397],{"class":116},[73,154294,20958],{"class":83},[73,154296,154297],{"class":769},"   # green\n",[73,154299,154300,154302,154304,154306,154308,154310,154312,154314],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,154301,80],{"class":79},[73,154303,84],{"class":83},[73,154305,18014],{"class":245},[73,154307,4410],{"class":83},[73,154309,746],{"class":220},[73,154311,2397],{"class":116},[73,154313,20958],{"class":83},[73,154315,154316],{"class":769},"  # blue\n",[33,154318,154319,154324],{},[36,154320,132655,154321,154323],{},[15,154322,806],{}," is the first item.",[36,154325,154326],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,154328,154329,154330,653],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[646,154331,154332],{"href":148234},"how to create a tuple in Python",[59,154334,154336],{"id":154335},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,154338,154339],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,154341,154342],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,154344,11968],{},[33,154346,154347,154350,154357,154360],{},[36,154348,154349],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[36,154351,154352,154353,19475,154355],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,154354,806],{},[15,154356,2397],{},[36,154358,154359],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[36,154361,154362],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,154364,206],{},[64,154366,154368],{"className":66,"code":154367,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,154369,154370,154390,154394,154408,154422],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,154371,154372,154374,154376,154378,154380,154382,154384,154386,154388],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,154373,4134],{"class":216},[73,154375,221],{"class":220},[73,154377,9742],{"class":83},[73,154379,452],{"class":116},[73,154381,140],{"class":83},[73,154383,8300],{"class":116},[73,154385,140],{"class":83},[73,154387,8305],{"class":116},[73,154389,249],{"class":83},[73,154391,154392],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,154393,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,154395,154396,154398,154400,154402,154404,154406],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,154397,80],{"class":79},[73,154399,84],{"class":83},[73,154401,4164],{"class":245},[73,154403,4410],{"class":83},[73,154405,806],{"class":116},[73,154407,4398],{"class":83},[73,154409,154410,154412,154414,154416,154418,154420],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,154411,80],{"class":79},[73,154413,84],{"class":83},[73,154415,4164],{"class":245},[73,154417,4410],{"class":83},[73,154419,2397],{"class":116},[73,154421,4398],{"class":83},[73,154423,154424,154426,154428,154430,154432,154434],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,154425,80],{"class":79},[73,154427,84],{"class":83},[73,154429,4164],{"class":245},[73,154431,4410],{"class":83},[73,154433,530],{"class":116},[73,154435,4398],{"class":83},[20,154437,148],{},[64,154439,154441],{"className":66,"code":154440,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154442,154443,154447,154451],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,154444,154445],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,154446,498],{"class":116},[73,154448,154449],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,154450,71466],{"class":116},[73,154452,154453],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,154454,70082],{"class":116},[20,154456,59633,154457,653],{},[646,154458,148231],{"href":148230},[59,154460,154462],{"id":154461},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,154464,154465],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[33,154467,154468,154473,154478],{},[36,154469,154470,154472],{},[15,154471,806],{}," = first item",[36,154474,154475,154477],{},[15,154476,2397],{}," = second item",[36,154479,154480,154482],{},[15,154481,530],{}," = third item",[20,154484,154485],{},"Pattern:",[64,154487,154489],{"className":66,"code":154488,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154490,154491],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,154492,154493,154495,154497,154499],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,154494,152986],{"class":216},[73,154496,4410],{"class":83},[73,154498,36352],{"class":216},[73,154500,924],{"class":83},[20,154502,206],{},[64,154504,154506],{"className":66,"code":154505,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154507,154508,154540,154544,154561,154577],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,154509,154510,154512,154514,154516,154518,154520,154522,154524,154526,154528,154530,154532,154534,154536,154538],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,154511,36746],{"class":216},[73,154513,221],{"class":220},[73,154515,9742],{"class":83},[73,154517,94],{"class":93},[73,154519,4590],{"class":97},[73,154521,94],{"class":93},[73,154523,140],{"class":83},[73,154525,224],{"class":93},[73,154527,4599],{"class":97},[73,154529,94],{"class":93},[73,154531,140],{"class":83},[73,154533,224],{"class":93},[73,154535,4608],{"class":97},[73,154537,94],{"class":93},[73,154539,249],{"class":83},[73,154541,154542],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,154543,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,154545,154546,154548,154550,154552,154554,154556,154558],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,154547,80],{"class":79},[73,154549,84],{"class":83},[73,154551,36798],{"class":245},[73,154553,4410],{"class":83},[73,154555,806],{"class":116},[73,154557,20958],{"class":83},[73,154559,154560],{"class":769},"  # apple\n",[73,154562,154563,154565,154567,154569,154571,154573,154575],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,154564,80],{"class":79},[73,154566,84],{"class":83},[73,154568,36798],{"class":245},[73,154570,4410],{"class":83},[73,154572,2397],{"class":116},[73,154574,20958],{"class":83},[73,154576,51724],{"class":769},[73,154578,154579,154581,154583,154585,154587,154589,154591],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,154580,80],{"class":79},[73,154582,84],{"class":83},[73,154584,36798],{"class":245},[73,154586,4410],{"class":83},[73,154588,530],{"class":116},[73,154590,20958],{"class":83},[73,154592,154593],{"class":769},"  # cherry\n",[20,154595,154596],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[59,154598,154600],{"id":154599},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154602,154603],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[33,154605,154606,154611,154616],{},[36,154607,154608,154610],{},[15,154609,66096],{}," = last item",[36,154612,154613,154615],{},[15,154614,95652],{}," = second-to-last item",[36,154617,154618,154620],{},[15,154619,1312],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154622,206],{},[64,154624,154626],{"className":66,"code":154625,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154627,154628,154660,154664,154682,154700],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,154629,154630,154632,154634,154636,154638,154640,154642,154644,154646,154648,154650,154652,154654,154656,154658],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,154631,36746],{"class":216},[73,154633,221],{"class":220},[73,154635,9742],{"class":83},[73,154637,94],{"class":93},[73,154639,4590],{"class":97},[73,154641,94],{"class":93},[73,154643,140],{"class":83},[73,154645,224],{"class":93},[73,154647,4599],{"class":97},[73,154649,94],{"class":93},[73,154651,140],{"class":83},[73,154653,224],{"class":93},[73,154655,4608],{"class":97},[73,154657,94],{"class":93},[73,154659,249],{"class":83},[73,154661,154662],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,154663,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,154665,154666,154668,154670,154672,154674,154676,154678,154680],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,154667,80],{"class":79},[73,154669,84],{"class":83},[73,154671,36798],{"class":245},[73,154673,4410],{"class":83},[73,154675,746],{"class":220},[73,154677,2397],{"class":116},[73,154679,20958],{"class":83},[73,154681,154593],{"class":769},[73,154683,154684,154686,154688,154690,154692,154694,154696,154698],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,154685,80],{"class":79},[73,154687,84],{"class":83},[73,154689,36798],{"class":245},[73,154691,4410],{"class":83},[73,154693,746],{"class":220},[73,154695,530],{"class":116},[73,154697,20958],{"class":83},[73,154699,51724],{"class":769},[73,154701,154702,154704,154706,154708,154710,154712,154714,154716],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,154703,80],{"class":79},[73,154705,84],{"class":83},[73,154707,36798],{"class":245},[73,154709,4410],{"class":83},[73,154711,746],{"class":220},[73,154713,1304],{"class":116},[73,154715,20958],{"class":83},[73,154717,154560],{"class":769},[20,154719,154720],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154722,154723],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[59,154725,154727],{"id":154726},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154729,154730],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[64,154732,154734],{"className":66,"code":154733,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154735,154736,154768,154772,154789,154806],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,154737,154738,154740,154742,154744,154746,154748,154750,154752,154754,154756,154758,154760,154762,154764,154766],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,154739,5508],{"class":216},[73,154741,221],{"class":220},[73,154743,9742],{"class":83},[73,154745,94],{"class":93},[73,154747,13391],{"class":97},[73,154749,94],{"class":93},[73,154751,140],{"class":83},[73,154753,224],{"class":93},[73,154755,36447],{"class":97},[73,154757,94],{"class":93},[73,154759,140],{"class":83},[73,154761,224],{"class":93},[73,154763,36456],{"class":97},[73,154765,94],{"class":93},[73,154767,249],{"class":83},[73,154769,154770],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,154771,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,154773,154774,154776,154778,154780,154782,154784,154786],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,154775,80],{"class":79},[73,154777,84],{"class":83},[73,154779,5552],{"class":245},[73,154781,4410],{"class":83},[73,154783,806],{"class":116},[73,154785,20958],{"class":83},[73,154787,154788],{"class":769},"   # first item\n",[73,154790,154791,154793,154795,154797,154799,154801,154803],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,154792,80],{"class":79},[73,154794,84],{"class":83},[73,154796,5552],{"class":245},[73,154798,4410],{"class":83},[73,154800,2397],{"class":116},[73,154802,20958],{"class":83},[73,154804,154805],{"class":769},"   # middle item\n",[73,154807,154808,154810,154812,154814,154816,154818,154820,154822],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,154809,80],{"class":79},[73,154811,84],{"class":83},[73,154813,5552],{"class":245},[73,154815,4410],{"class":83},[73,154817,746],{"class":220},[73,154819,2397],{"class":116},[73,154821,20958],{"class":83},[73,154823,154824],{"class":769},"  # last item\n",[20,154826,148],{},[64,154828,154830],{"className":66,"code":154829,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154831,154832,154836,154841],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,154833,154834],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,154835,50277],{"class":216},[73,154837,154838],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,154839,154840],{"class":216},"Ben\n",[73,154842,154843],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,154844,154845],{"class":216},"Cara\n",[20,154847,154848],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[59,154850,154852],{"id":154851},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154854,154855],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154857,206],{},[64,154859,154861],{"className":66,"code":154860,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154862,154863,154895,154899],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,154864,154865,154867,154869,154871,154873,154875,154877,154879,154881,154883,154885,154887,154889,154891,154893],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,154866,36597],{"class":216},[73,154868,221],{"class":220},[73,154870,9742],{"class":83},[73,154872,94],{"class":93},[73,154874,646],{"class":97},[73,154876,94],{"class":93},[73,154878,140],{"class":83},[73,154880,224],{"class":93},[73,154882,5274],{"class":97},[73,154884,94],{"class":93},[73,154886,140],{"class":83},[73,154888,224],{"class":93},[73,154890,10245],{"class":97},[73,154892,94],{"class":93},[73,154894,249],{"class":83},[73,154896,154897],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,154898,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,154900,154901,154903,154905,154907,154909,154911],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,154902,80],{"class":79},[73,154904,84],{"class":83},[73,154906,36650],{"class":245},[73,154908,4410],{"class":83},[73,154910,688],{"class":116},[73,154912,4398],{"class":83},[20,154914,148],{},[64,154916,154918],{"className":66,"code":154917,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154919,154920,154932,154937],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,154921,154922,154925,154927,154930],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,154923,154924],{"class":245},"Traceback ",[73,154926,84],{"class":83},[73,154928,154929],{"class":245},"most recent call last",[73,154931,8851],{"class":83},[73,154933,154934],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,154935,154936],{"class":34960},"  ...\n",[73,154938,154939,154941,154943,154945,154948],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,154940,70973],{"class":87},[73,154942,1063],{"class":83},[73,154944,149597],{"class":87},[73,154946,154947],{"class":216}," index out of ",[73,154949,71165],{"class":79},[20,154951,154952],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[33,154954,154955,154959,154963],{},[36,154956,154957],{},[15,154958,806],{},[36,154960,154961],{},[15,154962,2397],{},[36,154964,154965],{},[15,154966,530],{},[20,154968,154969,154970,653],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[646,154971,154972,154974],{"href":149469},[15,154973,42855],{}," on a tuple",[64,154976,154978],{"className":66,"code":154977,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154979,154980,155012,155016,155032,155036,155054],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,154981,154982,154984,154986,154988,154990,154992,154994,154996,154998,155000,155002,155004,155006,155008,155010],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,154983,36597],{"class":216},[73,154985,221],{"class":220},[73,154987,9742],{"class":83},[73,154989,94],{"class":93},[73,154991,646],{"class":97},[73,154993,94],{"class":93},[73,154995,140],{"class":83},[73,154997,224],{"class":93},[73,154999,5274],{"class":97},[73,155001,94],{"class":93},[73,155003,140],{"class":83},[73,155005,224],{"class":93},[73,155007,10245],{"class":97},[73,155009,94],{"class":93},[73,155011,249],{"class":83},[73,155013,155014],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,155015,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,155017,155018,155020,155022,155024,155026,155028,155030],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,155019,80],{"class":79},[73,155021,84],{"class":83},[73,155023,11670],{"class":79},[73,155025,84],{"class":83},[73,155027,36650],{"class":245},[73,155029,5874],{"class":83},[73,155031,51008],{"class":769},[73,155033,155034],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,155035,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,155037,155038,155040,155042,155044,155046,155048,155050,155052],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,155039,7507],{"class":933},[73,155041,38893],{"class":79},[73,155043,84],{"class":83},[73,155045,36650],{"class":245},[73,155047,4177],{"class":83},[73,155049,38903],{"class":220},[73,155051,143],{"class":116},[73,155053,946],{"class":83},[73,155055,155056,155058,155060,155062,155064,155066],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,155057,1676],{"class":79},[73,155059,84],{"class":83},[73,155061,36650],{"class":245},[73,155063,4410],{"class":83},[73,155065,530],{"class":116},[73,155067,4398],{"class":83},[20,155069,155070,155071,653],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[646,155072,1805,155074],{"href":155073},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,155075,155076],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[59,155078,155080],{"id":155079},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,155082,155083],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[33,155085,155086,155088],{},[36,155087,77117],{},[36,155089,155090],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,155092,155093],{},"Indexing example:",[64,155095,155097],{"className":66,"code":155096,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,155098,155099,155123,155127],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155100,155101,155103,155105,155107,155109,155111,155113,155115,155117,155119,155121],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155102,4134],{"class":216},[73,155104,221],{"class":220},[73,155106,9742],{"class":83},[73,155108,452],{"class":116},[73,155110,140],{"class":83},[73,155112,8300],{"class":116},[73,155114,140],{"class":83},[73,155116,8305],{"class":116},[73,155118,140],{"class":83},[73,155120,51081],{"class":116},[73,155122,249],{"class":83},[73,155124,155125],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,155126,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,155128,155129,155131,155133,155135,155137,155139],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,155130,80],{"class":79},[73,155132,84],{"class":83},[73,155134,4164],{"class":245},[73,155136,4410],{"class":83},[73,155138,2397],{"class":116},[73,155140,4398],{"class":83},[20,155142,148],{},[64,155144,155145],{"className":66,"code":71466,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,155146,155147],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155148,155149],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155150,71466],{"class":116},[20,155152,155153],{},"Slicing example:",[64,155155,155157],{"className":66,"code":155156,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,155158,155159,155183,155187],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155160,155161,155163,155165,155167,155169,155171,155173,155175,155177,155179,155181],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155162,4134],{"class":216},[73,155164,221],{"class":220},[73,155166,9742],{"class":83},[73,155168,452],{"class":116},[73,155170,140],{"class":83},[73,155172,8300],{"class":116},[73,155174,140],{"class":83},[73,155176,8305],{"class":116},[73,155178,140],{"class":83},[73,155180,51081],{"class":116},[73,155182,249],{"class":83},[73,155184,155185],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,155186,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,155188,155189,155191,155193,155195,155197,155199,155201,155203],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,155190,80],{"class":79},[73,155192,84],{"class":83},[73,155194,4164],{"class":245},[73,155196,4410],{"class":83},[73,155198,2397],{"class":116},[73,155200,1063],{"class":83},[73,155202,1304],{"class":116},[73,155204,4398],{"class":83},[20,155206,148],{},[64,155208,155210],{"className":66,"code":155209,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(20, 30)\n",[15,155211,155212],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155213,155214,155216,155218,155220,155222],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155215,84],{"class":83},[73,155217,16264],{"class":116},[73,155219,140],{"class":83},[73,155221,8305],{"class":116},[73,155223,249],{"class":83},[20,155225,155226,155227,653],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[646,155228,151148],{"href":151147},[59,155230,155232],{"id":155231},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,155234,155235],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,155237,155238],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,155240,7197],{},[64,155242,155244],{"className":66,"code":155243,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,155245,155246,155278],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155247,155248,155250,155252,155254,155256,155258,155260,155262,155264,155266,155268,155270,155272,155274,155276],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155249,13586],{"class":216},[73,155251,221],{"class":220},[73,155253,9742],{"class":83},[73,155255,94],{"class":93},[73,155257,13603],{"class":97},[73,155259,94],{"class":93},[73,155261,140],{"class":83},[73,155263,224],{"class":93},[73,155265,17967],{"class":97},[73,155267,94],{"class":93},[73,155269,140],{"class":83},[73,155271,224],{"class":93},[73,155273,13620],{"class":97},[73,155275,94],{"class":93},[73,155277,249],{"class":83},[73,155279,155280,155282,155284,155286,155288,155290],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,155281,80],{"class":79},[73,155283,84],{"class":83},[73,155285,18014],{"class":245},[73,155287,4410],{"class":83},[73,155289,2397],{"class":116},[73,155291,4398],{"class":83},[20,155293,155294],{},"But this does not work:",[64,155296,155298],{"className":66,"code":155297,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,155299,155300,155332],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155301,155302,155304,155306,155308,155310,155312,155314,155316,155318,155320,155322,155324,155326,155328,155330],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155303,13586],{"class":216},[73,155305,221],{"class":220},[73,155307,9742],{"class":83},[73,155309,94],{"class":93},[73,155311,13603],{"class":97},[73,155313,94],{"class":93},[73,155315,140],{"class":83},[73,155317,224],{"class":93},[73,155319,17967],{"class":97},[73,155321,94],{"class":93},[73,155323,140],{"class":83},[73,155325,224],{"class":93},[73,155327,13620],{"class":97},[73,155329,94],{"class":93},[73,155331,249],{"class":83},[73,155333,155334,155336,155338,155340,155342,155344,155346,155348],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,155335,18014],{"class":216},[73,155337,4410],{"class":83},[73,155339,2397],{"class":116},[73,155341,13784],{"class":83},[73,155343,13787],{"class":220},[73,155345,224],{"class":93},[73,155347,23033],{"class":97},[73,155349,230],{"class":93},[20,155351,155352],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,155354,155355],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[59,155357,2102],{"id":2101},[20,155359,155360],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[33,155362,155363,155369,155372,155375],{},[36,155364,132959,155365,11600,155367],{},[15,155366,2397],{},[15,155368,806],{},[36,155370,155371],{},"Using an index that is too large",[36,155373,155374],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[36,155376,155377,155378],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,155379,155380],{},"tuple[index]",[20,155382,62536],{},[64,155384,155386],{"className":66,"code":155385,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,155387,155388,155398,155412,155426,155442],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155389,155390,155392,155394,155396],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155391,80],{"class":79},[73,155393,84],{"class":83},[73,155395,148249],{"class":245},[73,155397,249],{"class":83},[73,155399,155400,155402,155404,155406,155408,155410],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,155401,80],{"class":79},[73,155403,84],{"class":83},[73,155405,11670],{"class":79},[73,155407,84],{"class":83},[73,155409,148249],{"class":245},[73,155411,102],{"class":83},[73,155413,155414,155416,155418,155420,155422,155424],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,155415,80],{"class":79},[73,155417,84],{"class":83},[73,155419,148249],{"class":245},[73,155421,4410],{"class":83},[73,155423,806],{"class":116},[73,155425,4398],{"class":83},[73,155427,155428,155430,155432,155434,155436,155438,155440],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,155429,80],{"class":79},[73,155431,84],{"class":83},[73,155433,148249],{"class":245},[73,155435,4410],{"class":83},[73,155437,746],{"class":220},[73,155439,2397],{"class":116},[73,155441,4398],{"class":83},[73,155443,155444,155446,155448,155450,155452,155454],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,155445,80],{"class":79},[73,155447,84],{"class":83},[73,155449,288],{"class":87},[73,155451,84],{"class":83},[73,155453,148249],{"class":245},[73,155455,102],{"class":83},[20,155457,155458],{},"These can help you confirm:",[33,155460,155461,155464,155466,155469],{},[36,155462,155463],{},"what the tuple contains",[36,155465,61025],{},[36,155467,155468],{},"what the first and last items are",[36,155470,155471],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[59,155473,2350],{"id":2349},[403,155475,155477],{"id":155476},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155479,155480,155481,653],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155482,806],{},[403,155484,155486],{"id":155485},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155488,171,155489,155491],{},[15,155490,66096],{}," as the index:",[64,155493,155495],{"className":66,"code":155494,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155496,155497],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155498,155499,155501,155503,155505,155507],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155500,148249],{"class":216},[73,155502,4410],{"class":83},[73,155504,746],{"class":220},[73,155506,2397],{"class":116},[73,155508,924],{"class":83},[403,155510,155512],{"id":155511},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155514,155515],{},"Python raises:",[64,155517,155519],{"className":66,"code":155518,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155520,155521],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155522,155523,155525,155527,155529,155531],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155524,70973],{"class":87},[73,155526,1063],{"class":83},[73,155528,149597],{"class":87},[73,155530,154947],{"class":216},[73,155532,71165],{"class":79},[403,155534,155536],{"id":155535},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155538,155539],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[59,155541,2413],{"id":2412},[33,155543,155544,155549,155553,155557,155563],{},[36,155545,155546],{},[646,155547,155548],{"href":148234},"How to create a tuple in Python",[36,155550,155551],{},[646,155552,151148],{"href":151147},[36,155554,155555],{},[646,155556,151153],{"href":149469},[36,155558,155559],{},[646,155560,26632,155561],{"href":155073},[15,155562,155076],{},[36,155564,155565],{},[646,155566,148231],{"href":148230},[2459,155568,155569],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":155571},[155572,155573,155574,155575,155576,155577,155578,155579,155580,155581,155587],{"id":4123,"depth":105,"text":4124},{"id":154335,"depth":105,"text":154336},{"id":154461,"depth":105,"text":154462},{"id":154599,"depth":105,"text":154600},{"id":154726,"depth":105,"text":154727},{"id":154851,"depth":105,"text":154852},{"id":155079,"depth":105,"text":155080},{"id":155231,"depth":105,"text":155232},{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":155582},[155583,155584,155585,155586],{"id":155476,"depth":122,"text":155477},{"id":155485,"depth":122,"text":155486},{"id":155511,"depth":122,"text":155512},{"id":155535,"depth":122,"text":155536},{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":154192,"description":155588},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155594,"title":155595,"body":155596,"description":157485,"extension":2511,"meta":157486,"navigation":254,"path":157487,"seo":157488,"stem":157489,"__hash__":157490},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155597,"toc":157442},[155598,155604,155609,155660,155664,155672,155678,155680,155696,155698,155701,155716,155718,155731,155733,155790,155794,155802,155809,155815,155821,155825,155876,155880,155888,155892,155921,155925,155933,155937,155970,155974,155982,155986,155989,156040,156044,156052,156054,156071,156075,156079,156138,156142,156150,156153,156180,156184,156192,156196,156202,156277,156281,156318,156326,156330,156393,156397,156405,156410,156414,156420,156463,156467,156475,156481,156484,156531,156535,156543,156552,156558,156613,156617,156625,156628,156632,156634,156665,156669,156688,156691,156736,156740,156763,156769,156774,156776,156823,156828,156831,156879,156883,156891,156895,156900,156904,156954,156958,156973,156977,157035,157039,157054,157058,157129,157133,157142,157146,157225,157229,157251,157259,157261,157264,157289,157291,157344,157346,157363,157365,157369,157375,157380,157385,157389,157394,157398,157403,157409,157412,157414,157439],[10,155599,155601,155602,4177],{"id":155600},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155603,11670],{},[20,155605,171,155606,155608],{},[15,155607,42855],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[64,155610,155612],{"className":66,"code":155611,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155613,155614,155646],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155615,155616,155618,155620,155622,155624,155626,155628,155630,155632,155634,155636,155638,155640,155642,155644],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155617,13586],{"class":216},[73,155619,221],{"class":220},[73,155621,9742],{"class":83},[73,155623,94],{"class":93},[73,155625,13603],{"class":97},[73,155627,94],{"class":93},[73,155629,140],{"class":83},[73,155631,224],{"class":93},[73,155633,17967],{"class":97},[73,155635,94],{"class":93},[73,155637,140],{"class":83},[73,155639,224],{"class":93},[73,155641,13620],{"class":97},[73,155643,94],{"class":93},[73,155645,249],{"class":83},[73,155647,155648,155650,155652,155654,155656,155658],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,155649,80],{"class":79},[73,155651,84],{"class":83},[73,155653,11670],{"class":79},[73,155655,84],{"class":83},[73,155657,18014],{"class":245},[73,155659,102],{"class":83},[20,155661,155662],{},[1194,155663,148],{},[64,155665,155666],{"className":66,"code":163,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,155667,155668],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155669,155670],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155671,163],{"class":116},[20,155673,171,155674,155677],{},[15,155675,155676],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[59,155679,15672],{"id":15671},[33,155681,155682,155687,155691,155694],{},[36,155683,4710,155684,155686],{},[15,155685,42855],{}," works with tuples",[36,155688,68500,155689,12216],{},[15,155690,42855],{},[36,155692,155693],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[36,155695,5031],{},[59,155697,370],{"id":369},[20,155699,155700],{},"Use this pattern:",[64,155702,155704],{"className":66,"code":155703,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155705,155706],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155707,155708,155710,155712,155714],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155709,11670],{"class":79},[73,155711,84],{"class":83},[73,155713,148249],{"class":245},[73,155715,249],{"class":83},[20,155717,11968],{},[33,155719,155720,155723,155726],{},[36,155721,155722],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[36,155724,155725],{},"The result is an integer",[36,155727,155728,155730],{},[15,155729,42855],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155732,206],{},[64,155734,155736],{"className":66,"code":155735,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155737,155738,155762,155776,155780],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155739,155740,155742,155744,155746,155748,155750,155752,155754,155756,155758,155760],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155741,4134],{"class":216},[73,155743,221],{"class":220},[73,155745,9742],{"class":83},[73,155747,452],{"class":116},[73,155749,140],{"class":83},[73,155751,8300],{"class":116},[73,155753,140],{"class":83},[73,155755,8305],{"class":116},[73,155757,140],{"class":83},[73,155759,51081],{"class":116},[73,155761,249],{"class":83},[73,155763,155764,155766,155768,155770,155772,155774],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,155765,41743],{"class":216},[73,155767,221],{"class":220},[73,155769,38893],{"class":79},[73,155771,84],{"class":83},[73,155773,4164],{"class":245},[73,155775,249],{"class":83},[73,155777,155778],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,155779,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,155781,155782,155784,155786,155788],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,155783,80],{"class":79},[73,155785,84],{"class":83},[73,155787,41761],{"class":245},[73,155789,249],{"class":83},[20,155791,155792],{},[1194,155793,148],{},[64,155795,155796],{"className":66,"code":2331,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,155797,155798],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155799,155800],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155801,2331],{"class":116},[20,155803,155804,155805,653],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[646,155806,13,155807,2422],{"href":42852},[15,155808,42855],{},[59,155810,178,155812,155814],{"id":155811},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155813,42855],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155816,155817,155818,155820],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155819,42855],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[403,155822,155824],{"id":155823},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[64,155826,155828],{"className":66,"code":155827,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155829,155830,155862],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155831,155832,155834,155836,155838,155840,155842,155844,155846,155848,155850,155852,155854,155856,155858,155860],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155833,36746],{"class":216},[73,155835,221],{"class":220},[73,155837,9742],{"class":83},[73,155839,94],{"class":93},[73,155841,4590],{"class":97},[73,155843,94],{"class":93},[73,155845,140],{"class":83},[73,155847,224],{"class":93},[73,155849,4599],{"class":97},[73,155851,94],{"class":93},[73,155853,140],{"class":83},[73,155855,224],{"class":93},[73,155857,33727],{"class":97},[73,155859,94],{"class":93},[73,155861,249],{"class":83},[73,155863,155864,155866,155868,155870,155872,155874],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,155865,80],{"class":79},[73,155867,84],{"class":83},[73,155869,11670],{"class":79},[73,155871,84],{"class":83},[73,155873,36798],{"class":245},[73,155875,102],{"class":83},[20,155877,155878],{},[1194,155879,148],{},[64,155881,155882],{"className":66,"code":163,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,155883,155884],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155885,155886],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155887,163],{"class":116},[403,155889,155891],{"id":155890},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[64,155893,155895],{"className":66,"code":155894,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155896,155897,155906],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155898,155899,155902,155904],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155900,155901],{"class":216},"empty_tuple ",[73,155903,221],{"class":220},[73,155905,149573],{"class":83},[73,155907,155908,155910,155912,155914,155916,155919],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,155909,80],{"class":79},[73,155911,84],{"class":83},[73,155913,11670],{"class":79},[73,155915,84],{"class":83},[73,155917,155918],{"class":245},"empty_tuple",[73,155920,102],{"class":83},[20,155922,155923],{},[1194,155924,148],{},[64,155926,155927],{"className":66,"code":860,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,155928,155929],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155930,155931],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155932,860],{"class":116},[403,155934,155936],{"id":155935},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[64,155938,155940],{"className":66,"code":155939,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155941,155942,155955],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155943,155944,155947,155949,155951,155953],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155945,155946],{"class":216},"single_value ",[73,155948,221],{"class":220},[73,155950,9742],{"class":83},[73,155952,688],{"class":116},[73,155954,149587],{"class":83},[73,155956,155957,155959,155961,155963,155965,155968],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,155958,80],{"class":79},[73,155960,84],{"class":83},[73,155962,11670],{"class":79},[73,155964,84],{"class":83},[73,155966,155967],{"class":245},"single_value",[73,155969,102],{"class":83},[20,155971,155972],{},[1194,155973,148],{},[64,155975,155976],{"className":66,"code":508,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,155977,155978],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155979,155980],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155981,508],{"class":116},[403,155983,155985],{"id":155984},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155987,155988],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[64,155990,155992],{"className":66,"code":155991,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155993,155994,156026],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,155995,155996,155998,156000,156002,156004,156006,156008,156010,156012,156014,156016,156018,156020,156022,156024],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,155997,9672],{"class":216},[73,155999,221],{"class":220},[73,156001,9742],{"class":83},[73,156003,2397],{"class":116},[73,156005,140],{"class":83},[73,156007,9742],{"class":83},[73,156009,530],{"class":116},[73,156011,140],{"class":83},[73,156013,2982],{"class":116},[73,156015,9739],{"class":83},[73,156017,891],{"class":83},[73,156019,3036],{"class":116},[73,156021,140],{"class":83},[73,156023,5118],{"class":116},[73,156025,4398],{"class":83},[73,156027,156028,156030,156032,156034,156036,156038],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,156029,80],{"class":79},[73,156031,84],{"class":83},[73,156033,11670],{"class":79},[73,156035,84],{"class":83},[73,156037,9710],{"class":245},[73,156039,102],{"class":83},[20,156041,156042],{},[1194,156043,148],{},[64,156045,156046],{"className":66,"code":163,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,156047,156048],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156049,156050],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156051,163],{"class":116},[20,156053,20469],{},[33,156055,156056,156061,156066],{},[36,156057,156058,156060],{},[15,156059,2397],{}," is one item",[36,156062,156063,156060],{},[15,156064,156065],{},"(2, 3)",[36,156067,156068,156060],{},[15,156069,156070],{},"[4, 5]",[59,156072,156074],{"id":156073},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[403,156076,156078],{"id":156077},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[64,156080,156082],{"className":66,"code":156081,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,156083,156084,156124],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156085,156086,156088,156090,156092,156094,156096,156098,156100,156102,156104,156106,156108,156110,156112,156114,156116,156118,156120,156122],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156087,13586],{"class":216},[73,156089,221],{"class":220},[73,156091,9742],{"class":83},[73,156093,94],{"class":93},[73,156095,13603],{"class":97},[73,156097,94],{"class":93},[73,156099,140],{"class":83},[73,156101,224],{"class":93},[73,156103,17967],{"class":97},[73,156105,94],{"class":93},[73,156107,140],{"class":83},[73,156109,224],{"class":93},[73,156111,13620],{"class":97},[73,156113,94],{"class":93},[73,156115,140],{"class":83},[73,156117,224],{"class":93},[73,156119,23033],{"class":97},[73,156121,94],{"class":93},[73,156123,249],{"class":83},[73,156125,156126,156128,156130,156132,156134,156136],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,156127,80],{"class":79},[73,156129,84],{"class":83},[73,156131,11670],{"class":79},[73,156133,84],{"class":83},[73,156135,18014],{"class":245},[73,156137,102],{"class":83},[20,156139,156140],{},[1194,156141,148],{},[64,156143,156144],{"className":66,"code":2331,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,156145,156146],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156147,156148],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156149,2331],{"class":116},[403,156151,155891],{"id":156152},"empty-tuple-1",[64,156154,156156],{"className":66,"code":156155,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,156157,156158,156166],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156159,156160,156162,156164],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156161,8289],{"class":216},[73,156163,221],{"class":220},[73,156165,149573],{"class":83},[73,156167,156168,156170,156172,156174,156176,156178],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,156169,80],{"class":79},[73,156171,84],{"class":83},[73,156173,11670],{"class":79},[73,156175,84],{"class":83},[73,156177,8320],{"class":245},[73,156179,102],{"class":83},[20,156181,156182],{},[1194,156183,148],{},[64,156185,156186],{"className":66,"code":860,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,156187,156188],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156189,156190],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156191,860],{"class":116},[403,156193,156195],{"id":156194},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,156197,156198,156199,156201],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[1194,156200,1196],{}," always a tuple.",[64,156203,156205],{"className":66,"code":156204,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,156206,156207,156219,156231,156235,156249,156263],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156208,156209,156211,156213,156215,156217],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156210,3086],{"class":216},[73,156212,221],{"class":220},[73,156214,9742],{"class":83},[73,156216,688],{"class":116},[73,156218,249],{"class":83},[73,156220,156221,156223,156225,156227,156229],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,156222,3114],{"class":216},[73,156224,221],{"class":220},[73,156226,9742],{"class":83},[73,156228,688],{"class":116},[73,156230,149587],{"class":83},[73,156232,156233],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,156234,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,156236,156237,156239,156241,156243,156245,156247],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,156238,80],{"class":79},[73,156240,84],{"class":83},[73,156242,288],{"class":87},[73,156244,84],{"class":83},[73,156246,646],{"class":245},[73,156248,102],{"class":83},[73,156250,156251,156253,156255,156257,156259,156261],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,156252,80],{"class":79},[73,156254,84],{"class":83},[73,156256,288],{"class":87},[73,156258,84],{"class":83},[73,156260,5274],{"class":245},[73,156262,102],{"class":83},[73,156264,156265,156267,156269,156271,156273,156275],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,156266,80],{"class":79},[73,156268,84],{"class":83},[73,156270,11670],{"class":79},[73,156272,84],{"class":83},[73,156274,5274],{"class":245},[73,156276,102],{"class":83},[20,156278,156279],{},[1194,156280,148],{},[64,156282,156284],{"className":66,"code":156283,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156285,156286,156300,156314],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156287,156288,156290,156292,156294,156296,156298],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156289,330],{"class":220},[73,156291,334],{"class":333},[73,156293,337],{"class":93},[73,156295,88],{"class":97},[73,156297,343],{"class":93},[73,156299,346],{"class":220},[73,156301,156302,156304,156306,156308,156310,156312],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,156303,330],{"class":220},[73,156305,334],{"class":333},[73,156307,337],{"class":93},[73,156309,49190],{"class":97},[73,156311,343],{"class":93},[73,156313,346],{"class":220},[73,156315,156316],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,156317,508],{"class":116},[20,156319,156320,156321,1647,156324,653],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[646,156322,156323],{"href":148234},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[646,156325,149535],{"href":149534},[403,156327,156329],{"id":156328},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[64,156331,156333],{"className":66,"code":156332,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,156334,156335,156379],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156336,156337,156339,156341,156343,156345,156347,156349,156351,156353,156355,156357,156359,156361,156363,156365,156367,156369,156371,156373,156375,156377],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156338,59713],{"class":216},[73,156340,221],{"class":220},[73,156342,9742],{"class":83},[73,156344,94],{"class":93},[73,156346,4590],{"class":97},[73,156348,94],{"class":93},[73,156350,140],{"class":83},[73,156352,891],{"class":83},[73,156354,2397],{"class":116},[73,156356,140],{"class":83},[73,156358,143],{"class":116},[73,156360,18574],{"class":83},[73,156362,9742],{"class":83},[73,156364,94],{"class":93},[73,156366,384],{"class":97},[73,156368,94],{"class":93},[73,156370,140],{"class":83},[73,156372,224],{"class":93},[73,156374,12256],{"class":97},[73,156376,94],{"class":93},[73,156378,102],{"class":83},[73,156380,156381,156383,156385,156387,156389,156391],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,156382,80],{"class":79},[73,156384,84],{"class":83},[73,156386,11670],{"class":79},[73,156388,84],{"class":83},[73,156390,59766],{"class":245},[73,156392,102],{"class":83},[20,156394,156395],{},[1194,156396,148],{},[64,156398,156399],{"className":66,"code":163,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,156400,156401],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156402,156403],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156404,163],{"class":116},[20,156406,156407,156409],{},[15,156408,42855],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[59,156411,156413],{"id":156412},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[403,156415,156417,156419],{"id":156416},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,156418,42855],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[64,156421,156423],{"className":66,"code":156422,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,156424,156425,156449],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156426,156427,156429,156431,156433,156435,156437,156439,156441,156443,156445,156447],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156428,4581],{"class":216},[73,156430,221],{"class":220},[73,156432,9742],{"class":83},[73,156434,94],{"class":93},[73,156436,63837],{"class":97},[73,156438,94],{"class":93},[73,156440,140],{"class":83},[73,156442,224],{"class":93},[73,156444,68],{"class":97},[73,156446,94],{"class":93},[73,156448,249],{"class":83},[73,156450,156451,156453,156455,156457,156459,156461],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,156452,80],{"class":79},[73,156454,84],{"class":83},[73,156456,11670],{"class":79},[73,156458,84],{"class":83},[73,156460,4625],{"class":245},[73,156462,102],{"class":83},[20,156464,156465],{},[1194,156466,148],{},[64,156468,156469],{"className":66,"code":17567,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,156470,156471],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156472,156473],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156474,17567],{"class":116},[20,156476,156477,156478,156480],{},"This result is ",[15,156479,530],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156482,156483],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[64,156485,156487],{"className":66,"code":156486,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156488,156489,156513],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156490,156491,156493,156495,156497,156499,156501,156503,156505,156507,156509,156511],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156492,4581],{"class":216},[73,156494,221],{"class":220},[73,156496,9742],{"class":83},[73,156498,94],{"class":93},[73,156500,63837],{"class":97},[73,156502,94],{"class":93},[73,156504,140],{"class":83},[73,156506,224],{"class":93},[73,156508,68],{"class":97},[73,156510,94],{"class":93},[73,156512,249],{"class":83},[73,156514,156515,156517,156519,156521,156523,156525,156527,156529],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,156516,80],{"class":79},[73,156518,84],{"class":83},[73,156520,11670],{"class":79},[73,156522,84],{"class":83},[73,156524,4625],{"class":245},[73,156526,4410],{"class":83},[73,156528,806],{"class":116},[73,156530,3523],{"class":83},[20,156532,156533],{},[1194,156534,148],{},[64,156536,156537],{"className":66,"code":17567,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,156538,156539],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156540,156541],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156542,17567],{"class":116},[20,156544,21283,156545,156548,156549,653],{},[15,156546,156547],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156550,156551],{},"\"hi\"",[403,156553,156555,156557],{"id":156554},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156556,42855],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[64,156559,156561],{"className":66,"code":156560,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156562,156563,156599],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156564,156565,156567,156569,156571,156573,156575,156577,156579,156581,156583,156585,156587,156589,156591,156593,156595,156597],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156566,886],{"class":216},[73,156568,221],{"class":220},[73,156570,10501],{"class":83},[73,156572,2397],{"class":116},[73,156574,140],{"class":83},[73,156576,143],{"class":116},[73,156578,9739],{"class":83},[73,156580,9742],{"class":83},[73,156582,1304],{"class":116},[73,156584,140],{"class":83},[73,156586,2988],{"class":116},[73,156588,9739],{"class":83},[73,156590,9742],{"class":83},[73,156592,688],{"class":116},[73,156594,140],{"class":83},[73,156596,38150],{"class":116},[73,156598,102],{"class":83},[73,156600,156601,156603,156605,156607,156609,156611],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,156602,80],{"class":79},[73,156604,84],{"class":83},[73,156606,11670],{"class":79},[73,156608,84],{"class":83},[73,156610,5871],{"class":245},[73,156612,102],{"class":83},[20,156614,156615],{},[1194,156616,148],{},[64,156618,156619],{"className":66,"code":163,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,156620,156621],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156622,156623],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156624,163],{"class":116},[20,156626,156627],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[403,156629,156631],{"id":156630},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156633,26200],{},[64,156635,156637],{"className":66,"code":156636,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156638,156639,156651],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156640,156641,156643,156645,156647,156649],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156642,2202],{"class":216},[73,156644,221],{"class":220},[73,156646,9742],{"class":83},[73,156648,452],{"class":116},[73,156650,249],{"class":83},[73,156652,156653,156655,156657,156659,156661,156663],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,156654,80],{"class":79},[73,156656,84],{"class":83},[73,156658,288],{"class":87},[73,156660,84],{"class":83},[73,156662,967],{"class":245},[73,156664,102],{"class":83},[20,156666,156667],{},[1194,156668,148],{},[64,156670,156672],{"className":66,"code":156671,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156673,156674],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156675,156676,156678,156680,156682,156684,156686],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156677,330],{"class":220},[73,156679,334],{"class":333},[73,156681,337],{"class":93},[73,156683,88],{"class":97},[73,156685,343],{"class":93},[73,156687,346],{"class":220},[20,156689,156690],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[64,156692,156694],{"className":66,"code":156693,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156695,156696,156708,156722],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156697,156698,156700,156702,156704,156706],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156699,2202],{"class":216},[73,156701,221],{"class":220},[73,156703,9742],{"class":83},[73,156705,452],{"class":116},[73,156707,149587],{"class":83},[73,156709,156710,156712,156714,156716,156718,156720],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,156711,80],{"class":79},[73,156713,84],{"class":83},[73,156715,288],{"class":87},[73,156717,84],{"class":83},[73,156719,967],{"class":245},[73,156721,102],{"class":83},[73,156723,156724,156726,156728,156730,156732,156734],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,156725,80],{"class":79},[73,156727,84],{"class":83},[73,156729,11670],{"class":79},[73,156731,84],{"class":83},[73,156733,967],{"class":245},[73,156735,102],{"class":83},[20,156737,156738],{},[1194,156739,148],{},[64,156741,156743],{"className":66,"code":156742,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156744,156745,156759],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156746,156747,156749,156751,156753,156755,156757],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156748,330],{"class":220},[73,156750,334],{"class":333},[73,156752,337],{"class":93},[73,156754,49190],{"class":97},[73,156756,343],{"class":93},[73,156758,346],{"class":220},[73,156760,156761],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,156762,508],{"class":116},[403,156764,156766,156768],{"id":156765},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156767,11670],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156770,44921,156771,156773],{},[15,156772,11670],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156775,44952],{},[64,156777,156779],{"className":66,"code":156778,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156780,156781,156789,156809],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156782,156783,156785,156787],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156784,11670],{"class":79},[73,156786,13787],{"class":220},[73,156788,3119],{"class":116},[73,156790,156791,156793,156795,156797,156799,156801,156803,156805,156807],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,156792,4134],{"class":216},[73,156794,221],{"class":220},[73,156796,9742],{"class":83},[73,156798,2397],{"class":116},[73,156800,140],{"class":83},[73,156802,143],{"class":116},[73,156804,140],{"class":83},[73,156806,2982],{"class":116},[73,156808,249],{"class":83},[73,156810,156811,156813,156815,156817,156819,156821],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,156812,80],{"class":79},[73,156814,84],{"class":83},[73,156816,11670],{"class":79},[73,156818,84],{"class":83},[73,156820,4164],{"class":245},[73,156822,102],{"class":83},[20,156824,40161,156825,156827],{},[15,156826,11670],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156829,156830],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[64,156832,156834],{"className":66,"code":156833,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156835,156836,156845,156865],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156837,156838,156841,156843],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156839,156840],{"class":216},"length_value ",[73,156842,221],{"class":220},[73,156844,3119],{"class":116},[73,156846,156847,156849,156851,156853,156855,156857,156859,156861,156863],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,156848,4134],{"class":216},[73,156850,221],{"class":220},[73,156852,9742],{"class":83},[73,156854,2397],{"class":116},[73,156856,140],{"class":83},[73,156858,143],{"class":116},[73,156860,140],{"class":83},[73,156862,2982],{"class":116},[73,156864,249],{"class":83},[73,156866,156867,156869,156871,156873,156875,156877],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,156868,80],{"class":79},[73,156870,84],{"class":83},[73,156872,11670],{"class":79},[73,156874,84],{"class":83},[73,156876,4164],{"class":245},[73,156878,102],{"class":83},[20,156880,156881],{},[1194,156882,148],{},[64,156884,156885],{"className":66,"code":163,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,156886,156887],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156888,156889],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156890,163],{"class":116},[59,156892,156894],{"id":156893},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156896,156897,156899],{},[15,156898,42855],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[403,156901,156903],{"id":156902},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[64,156905,156907],{"className":66,"code":156906,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156908,156909,156917,156921,156939],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156910,156911,156913,156915],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156912,8289],{"class":216},[73,156914,221],{"class":220},[73,156916,149573],{"class":83},[73,156918,156919],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,156920,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,156922,156923,156925,156927,156929,156931,156933,156935,156937],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,156924,7507],{"class":933},[73,156926,38893],{"class":79},[73,156928,84],{"class":83},[73,156930,8320],{"class":245},[73,156932,4177],{"class":83},[73,156934,6918],{"class":220},[73,156936,4345],{"class":116},[73,156938,946],{"class":83},[73,156940,156941,156943,156945,156947,156950,156952],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,156942,1676],{"class":79},[73,156944,84],{"class":83},[73,156946,94],{"class":93},[73,156948,156949],{"class":97},"The tuple is empty",[73,156951,94],{"class":93},[73,156953,249],{"class":83},[20,156955,156956],{},[1194,156957,148],{},[64,156959,156961],{"className":66,"code":156960,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156962,156963],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156964,156965,156967,156969,156971],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156966,1580],{"class":216},[73,156968,49190],{"class":87},[73,156970,8607],{"class":220},[73,156972,8612],{"class":216},[403,156974,156976],{"id":156975},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[64,156978,156980],{"className":66,"code":156979,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156981,156982,156998,157002,157020],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,156983,156984,156986,156988,156990,156992,156994,156996],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,156985,51623],{"class":216},[73,156987,221],{"class":220},[73,156989,9742],{"class":83},[73,156991,3036],{"class":116},[73,156993,140],{"class":83},[73,156995,6505],{"class":116},[73,156997,249],{"class":83},[73,156999,157000],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,157001,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,157003,157004,157006,157008,157010,157012,157014,157016,157018],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,157005,7507],{"class":933},[73,157007,38893],{"class":79},[73,157009,84],{"class":83},[73,157011,51648],{"class":245},[73,157013,4177],{"class":83},[73,157015,6918],{"class":220},[73,157017,143],{"class":116},[73,157019,946],{"class":83},[73,157021,157022,157024,157026,157028,157031,157033],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,157023,1676],{"class":79},[73,157025,84],{"class":83},[73,157027,94],{"class":93},[73,157029,157030],{"class":97},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[73,157032,94],{"class":93},[73,157034,249],{"class":83},[20,157036,157037],{},[1194,157038,148],{},[64,157040,157042],{"className":66,"code":157041,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,157043,157044],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,157045,157046,157049,157051],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157047,157048],{"class":216},"This looks like an x",[73,157050,140],{"class":83},[73,157052,157053],{"class":216}," y coordinate\n",[403,157055,157057],{"id":157056},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[64,157059,157061],{"className":66,"code":157060,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,157062,157063,157092,157096,157114],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,157064,157065,157067,157069,157071,157073,157075,157077,157079,157081,157083,157085,157088,157090],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157066,11998],{"class":216},[73,157068,221],{"class":220},[73,157070,9742],{"class":83},[73,157072,94],{"class":93},[73,157074,13391],{"class":97},[73,157076,94],{"class":93},[73,157078,140],{"class":83},[73,157080,9811],{"class":116},[73,157082,140],{"class":83},[73,157084,224],{"class":93},[73,157086,157087],{"class":97},"Canada",[73,157089,94],{"class":93},[73,157091,249],{"class":83},[73,157093,157094],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,157095,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,157097,157098,157100,157102,157104,157106,157108,157110,157112],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,157099,7507],{"class":933},[73,157101,38893],{"class":79},[73,157103,84],{"class":83},[73,157105,12092],{"class":245},[73,157107,4177],{"class":83},[73,157109,6918],{"class":220},[73,157111,2982],{"class":116},[73,157113,946],{"class":83},[73,157115,157116,157118,157120,157122,157125,157127],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,157117,1676],{"class":79},[73,157119,84],{"class":83},[73,157121,94],{"class":93},[73,157123,157124],{"class":97},"User record has the expected number of values",[73,157126,94],{"class":93},[73,157128,249],{"class":83},[20,157130,157131],{},[1194,157132,148],{},[64,157134,157136],{"className":66,"code":157135,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,157137,157138],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,157139,157140],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157141,157135],{"class":216},[403,157143,157145],{"id":157144},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[64,157147,157149],{"className":66,"code":157148,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,157150,157151,157183,157187,157207],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,157152,157153,157155,157157,157159,157161,157163,157165,157167,157169,157171,157173,157175,157177,157179,157181],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157154,36597],{"class":216},[73,157156,221],{"class":220},[73,157158,9742],{"class":83},[73,157160,94],{"class":93},[73,157162,646],{"class":97},[73,157164,94],{"class":93},[73,157166,140],{"class":83},[73,157168,224],{"class":93},[73,157170,5274],{"class":97},[73,157172,94],{"class":93},[73,157174,140],{"class":83},[73,157176,224],{"class":93},[73,157178,10245],{"class":97},[73,157180,94],{"class":93},[73,157182,249],{"class":83},[73,157184,157185],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,157186,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,157188,157189,157191,157193,157195,157197,157199,157201,157203,157205],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,157190,934],{"class":933},[73,157192,69790],{"class":216},[73,157194,940],{"class":933},[73,157196,54309],{"class":79},[73,157198,84],{"class":83},[73,157200,11670],{"class":79},[73,157202,84],{"class":83},[73,157204,36650],{"class":245},[73,157206,69805],{"class":83},[73,157208,157209,157211,157213,157215,157217,157219,157221,157223],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,157210,1676],{"class":79},[73,157212,84],{"class":83},[73,157214,36661],{"class":245},[73,157216,140],{"class":83},[73,157218,70338],{"class":245},[73,157220,4410],{"class":83},[73,157222,36661],{"class":245},[73,157224,4398],{"class":83},[20,157226,157227],{},[1194,157228,148],{},[64,157230,157231],{"className":66,"code":36673,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,157232,157233,157239,157245],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,157234,157235,157237],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157236,806],{"class":116},[73,157238,36682],{"class":216},[73,157240,157241,157243],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,157242,2397],{"class":116},[73,157244,36689],{"class":216},[73,157246,157247,157249],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,157248,530],{"class":116},[73,157250,36696],{"class":216},[20,157252,157253,157254,157256,157257,653],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[646,157255,149904],{"href":149903},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[646,157258,151148],{"href":151147},[59,157260,2102],{"id":2101},[20,157262,157263],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[33,157265,157266,157274,157281,157286],{},[36,157267,157268,157269,11600,157272],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,157270,157271],{},"(5)",[15,157273,149738],{},[36,157275,657,157276,157278,157279],{},[15,157277,11670],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,157280,42855],{},[36,157282,2300,157283,157285],{},[15,157284,42855],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[36,157287,157288],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,157290,32589],{},[64,157292,157294],{"className":66,"code":157293,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,157295,157296,157306,157320,157334],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,157297,157298,157300,157302,157304],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157299,80],{"class":79},[73,157301,84],{"class":83},[73,157303,148249],{"class":245},[73,157305,249],{"class":83},[73,157307,157308,157310,157312,157314,157316,157318],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,157309,80],{"class":79},[73,157311,84],{"class":83},[73,157313,288],{"class":87},[73,157315,84],{"class":83},[73,157317,148249],{"class":245},[73,157319,102],{"class":83},[73,157321,157322,157324,157326,157328,157330,157332],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,157323,80],{"class":79},[73,157325,84],{"class":83},[73,157327,11670],{"class":79},[73,157329,84],{"class":83},[73,157331,148249],{"class":245},[73,157333,102],{"class":83},[73,157335,157336,157338,157340,157342],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,157337,32659],{"class":79},[73,157339,84],{"class":83},[73,157341,11670],{"class":79},[73,157343,249],{"class":83},[20,157345,155458],{},[33,157347,157348,157351,157354,157358],{},[36,157349,157350],{},"what value you are using",[36,157352,157353],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[36,157355,26529,157356,12216],{},[15,157357,42855],{},[36,157359,123622,157360,157362],{},[15,157361,42855],{}," is documented in Python",[59,157364,2350],{"id":2349},[403,157366,157368],{"id":157367},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,157370,171,157371,157374],{},[15,157372,157373],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[403,157376,2354,157378,149408],{"id":157377},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,157379,42855],{},[20,157381,2360,157382,157384],{},[15,157383,42855],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[403,157386,157388],{"id":157387},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,157390,157391,157392,653],{},"The length is ",[15,157393,806],{},[403,157395,157397],{"id":157396},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,157399,151094,157400,157402],{},[15,157401,151097],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[403,157404,2354,157406,157408],{"id":157405},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,157407,42855],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,157410,157411],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[59,157413,2413],{"id":2412},[33,157415,157416,157422,157426,157430,157434],{},[36,157417,157418],{},[646,157419,13,157420,2422],{"href":42852},[15,157421,42855],{},[36,157423,157424],{},[646,157425,156323],{"href":148234},[36,157427,157428],{},[646,157429,149904],{"href":149903},[36,157431,157432],{},[646,157433,151148],{"href":151147},[36,157435,157436],{},[646,157437,157438],{"href":149534},"What is a tuple in Python",[2459,157440,157441],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":157443},[157444,157445,157446,157453,157459,157468,157474,157475,157484],{"id":15671,"depth":105,"text":15672},{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":155811,"depth":105,"text":157447,"children":157448},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157449,157450,157451,157452],{"id":155823,"depth":122,"text":155824},{"id":155890,"depth":122,"text":155891},{"id":155935,"depth":122,"text":155936},{"id":155984,"depth":122,"text":155985},{"id":156073,"depth":105,"text":156074,"children":157454},[157455,157456,157457,157458],{"id":156077,"depth":122,"text":156078},{"id":156152,"depth":122,"text":155891},{"id":156194,"depth":122,"text":156195},{"id":156328,"depth":122,"text":156329},{"id":156412,"depth":105,"text":156413,"children":157460},[157461,157463,157465,157466],{"id":156416,"depth":122,"text":157462},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156554,"depth":122,"text":157464},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156630,"depth":122,"text":156631},{"id":156765,"depth":122,"text":157467},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156893,"depth":105,"text":156894,"children":157469},[157470,157471,157472,157473],{"id":156902,"depth":122,"text":156903},{"id":156975,"depth":122,"text":156976},{"id":157056,"depth":122,"text":157057},{"id":157144,"depth":122,"text":157145},{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":157476},[157477,157478,157480,157481,157482],{"id":157367,"depth":122,"text":157368},{"id":157377,"depth":122,"text":157479},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157387,"depth":122,"text":157388},{"id":157396,"depth":122,"text":157397},{"id":157405,"depth":122,"text":157483},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155595,"description":157485},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157492,"title":157493,"body":157494,"description":159879,"extension":2511,"meta":159880,"navigation":254,"path":159881,"seo":159882,"stem":159883,"__hash__":159884},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157495,"toc":159840},[157496,157499,157502,157505,157528,157534,157536,157647,157651,157654,157664,157666,157765,157767,157844,157850,157854,157857,157880,157883,157900,157903,157905,157968,157970,157987,157998,158003,158005,158008,158014,158065,158067,158087,158091,158142,158144,158165,158169,158224,158226,158247,158251,158306,158308,158329,158333,158386,158388,158417,158419,158421,158424,158428,158485,158487,158508,158512,158565,158567,158592,158597,158601,158606,158624,158627,158690,158692,158713,158716,158777,158779,158800,158803,158846,158849,158853,158858,158862,158941,158943,158974,158978,159053,159055,159082,159086,159133,159135,159143,159148,159152,159155,159170,159172,159260,159262,159287,159290,159333,159342,159344,159347,159362,159365,159369,159423,159425,159445,159450,159454,159456,159494,159497,159547,159551,159624,159626,159663,159666,159668,159671,159691,159694,159763,159765,159778,159780,159784,159787,159791,159794,159799,159802,159808,159813,159815,159837],[10,157497,157493],{"id":157498},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157500,157501],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157503,157504],{},"Use this format:",[64,157506,157508],{"className":66,"code":157507,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157509,157510],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,157511,157512,157514,157516,157518,157520,157522,157524,157526],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157513,49190],{"class":216},[73,157515,4410],{"class":83},[73,157517,36579],{"class":216},[73,157519,1063],{"class":83},[73,157521,75668],{"class":216},[73,157523,1063],{"class":83},[73,157525,75671],{"class":216},[73,157527,924],{"class":83},[20,157529,1580,157530,75704,157532,653],{},[15,157531,75668],{},[1194,157533,65311],{},[59,157535,62],{"id":61},[64,157537,157539],{"className":66,"code":157538,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157540,157541,157569,157573,157594,157611,157628],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,157542,157543,157545,157547,157549,157551,157553,157555,157557,157559,157561,157563,157565,157567],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157544,4134],{"class":216},[73,157546,221],{"class":220},[73,157548,9742],{"class":83},[73,157550,452],{"class":116},[73,157552,140],{"class":83},[73,157554,8300],{"class":116},[73,157556,140],{"class":83},[73,157558,8305],{"class":116},[73,157560,140],{"class":83},[73,157562,51081],{"class":116},[73,157564,140],{"class":83},[73,157566,5594],{"class":116},[73,157568,249],{"class":83},[73,157570,157571],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,157572,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,157574,157575,157577,157579,157581,157583,157585,157587,157589,157591],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,157576,80],{"class":79},[73,157578,84],{"class":83},[73,157580,4164],{"class":245},[73,157582,4410],{"class":83},[73,157584,2397],{"class":116},[73,157586,1063],{"class":83},[73,157588,3036],{"class":116},[73,157590,20958],{"class":83},[73,157592,157593],{"class":769},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[73,157595,157596,157598,157600,157602,157604,157606,157608],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,157597,80],{"class":79},[73,157599,84],{"class":83},[73,157601,4164],{"class":245},[73,157603,75777],{"class":83},[73,157605,1304],{"class":116},[73,157607,20958],{"class":83},[73,157609,157610],{"class":769},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[73,157612,157613,157615,157617,157619,157621,157623,157625],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,157614,80],{"class":79},[73,157616,84],{"class":83},[73,157618,4164],{"class":245},[73,157620,74364],{"class":83},[73,157622,530],{"class":116},[73,157624,20958],{"class":83},[73,157626,157627],{"class":769},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[73,157629,157630,157632,157634,157636,157638,157640,157642,157644],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,157631,80],{"class":79},[73,157633,84],{"class":83},[73,157635,4164],{"class":245},[73,157637,74364],{"class":83},[73,157639,746],{"class":220},[73,157641,2397],{"class":116},[73,157643,20958],{"class":83},[73,157645,157646],{"class":769},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[59,157648,157650],{"id":157649},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157652,157653],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[33,157655,157656,157658,157661],{},[36,157657,75971],{},[36,157659,157660],{},"The result is a new tuple",[36,157662,157663],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157665,206],{},[64,157667,157669],{"className":66,"code":157668,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157670,157671,157719,157723,157741,157745,157755],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,157672,157673,157675,157677,157679,157681,157683,157685,157687,157689,157691,157693,157695,157697,157699,157701,157703,157705,157707,157709,157711,157713,157715,157717],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157674,36597],{"class":216},[73,157676,221],{"class":220},[73,157678,9742],{"class":83},[73,157680,94],{"class":93},[73,157682,646],{"class":97},[73,157684,94],{"class":93},[73,157686,140],{"class":83},[73,157688,224],{"class":93},[73,157690,5274],{"class":97},[73,157692,94],{"class":93},[73,157694,140],{"class":83},[73,157696,224],{"class":93},[73,157698,10245],{"class":97},[73,157700,94],{"class":93},[73,157702,140],{"class":83},[73,157704,224],{"class":93},[73,157706,19280],{"class":97},[73,157708,94],{"class":93},[73,157710,140],{"class":83},[73,157712,224],{"class":93},[73,157714,60688],{"class":97},[73,157716,94],{"class":93},[73,157718,249],{"class":83},[73,157720,157721],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,157722,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,157724,157725,157727,157729,157731,157733,157735,157737,157739],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,157726,75901],{"class":216},[73,157728,221],{"class":220},[73,157730,70338],{"class":216},[73,157732,4410],{"class":83},[73,157734,2397],{"class":116},[73,157736,1063],{"class":83},[73,157738,3036],{"class":116},[73,157740,924],{"class":83},[73,157742,157743],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,157744,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,157746,157747,157749,157751,157753],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,157748,80],{"class":79},[73,157750,84],{"class":83},[73,157752,75924],{"class":245},[73,157754,249],{"class":83},[73,157756,157757,157759,157761,157763],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,157758,80],{"class":79},[73,157760,84],{"class":83},[73,157762,36650],{"class":245},[73,157764,249],{"class":83},[20,157766,148],{},[64,157768,157770],{"className":66,"code":157769,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157771,157772,157800],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,157773,157774,157776,157778,157780,157782,157784,157786,157788,157790,157792,157794,157796,157798],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157775,84],{"class":83},[73,157777,343],{"class":93},[73,157779,5274],{"class":97},[73,157781,343],{"class":93},[73,157783,140],{"class":83},[73,157785,337],{"class":93},[73,157787,10245],{"class":97},[73,157789,343],{"class":93},[73,157791,140],{"class":83},[73,157793,337],{"class":93},[73,157795,19280],{"class":97},[73,157797,343],{"class":93},[73,157799,249],{"class":83},[73,157801,157802,157804,157806,157808,157810,157812,157814,157816,157818,157820,157822,157824,157826,157828,157830,157832,157834,157836,157838,157840,157842],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,157803,84],{"class":83},[73,157805,343],{"class":93},[73,157807,646],{"class":97},[73,157809,343],{"class":93},[73,157811,140],{"class":83},[73,157813,337],{"class":93},[73,157815,5274],{"class":97},[73,157817,343],{"class":93},[73,157819,140],{"class":83},[73,157821,337],{"class":93},[73,157823,10245],{"class":97},[73,157825,343],{"class":93},[73,157827,140],{"class":83},[73,157829,337],{"class":93},[73,157831,19280],{"class":97},[73,157833,343],{"class":93},[73,157835,140],{"class":83},[73,157837,337],{"class":93},[73,157839,60688],{"class":97},[73,157841,343],{"class":93},[73,157843,249],{"class":83},[20,157845,157846,157847,653],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[646,157848,148231],{"href":157849},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[59,157851,157853],{"id":157852},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157855,157856],{},"The full syntax is:",[64,157858,157860],{"className":66,"code":157859,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157861,157862],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,157863,157864,157866,157868,157870,157872,157874,157876,157878],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157865,148249],{"class":216},[73,157867,4410],{"class":83},[73,157869,36579],{"class":216},[73,157871,1063],{"class":83},[73,157873,75668],{"class":216},[73,157875,1063],{"class":83},[73,157877,75671],{"class":216},[73,157879,924],{"class":83},[20,157881,157882],{},"Each part has a job:",[33,157884,157885,157890,157895],{},[36,157886,157887,157889],{},[15,157888,36579],{},": where slicing begins",[36,157891,157892,157894],{},[15,157893,75668],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[36,157896,157897,157899],{},[15,157898,75671],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157901,157902],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157904,206],{},[64,157906,157908],{"className":66,"code":157907,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157909,157910,157942,157946],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,157911,157912,157914,157916,157918,157920,157922,157924,157926,157928,157930,157932,157934,157936,157938,157940],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157913,4134],{"class":216},[73,157915,221],{"class":220},[73,157917,9742],{"class":83},[73,157919,452],{"class":116},[73,157921,140],{"class":83},[73,157923,8300],{"class":116},[73,157925,140],{"class":83},[73,157927,8305],{"class":116},[73,157929,140],{"class":83},[73,157931,51081],{"class":116},[73,157933,140],{"class":83},[73,157935,5594],{"class":116},[73,157937,140],{"class":83},[73,157939,76342],{"class":116},[73,157941,249],{"class":83},[73,157943,157944],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,157945,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,157947,157948,157950,157952,157954,157956,157958,157960,157962,157964,157966],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,157949,80],{"class":79},[73,157951,84],{"class":83},[73,157953,4164],{"class":245},[73,157955,4410],{"class":83},[73,157957,2397],{"class":116},[73,157959,1063],{"class":83},[73,157961,688],{"class":116},[73,157963,1063],{"class":83},[73,157965,530],{"class":116},[73,157967,4398],{"class":83},[20,157969,148],{},[64,157971,157973],{"className":66,"code":157972,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157974,157975],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,157976,157977,157979,157981,157983,157985],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,157978,84],{"class":83},[73,157980,16264],{"class":116},[73,157982,140],{"class":83},[73,157984,51081],{"class":116},[73,157986,249],{"class":83},[20,157988,157989,157990,157992,157993,157995,157996,653],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157991,2397],{},", stops before index ",[15,157994,688],{},", and moves by ",[15,157997,530],{},[20,157999,158000,158001,653],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[646,158002,149904],{"href":153330},[59,158004,76258],{"id":76257},[20,158006,158007],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[403,158009,158011,158012,6477],{"id":158010},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,158013,76272],{},[64,158015,158017],{"className":66,"code":158016,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,158018,158019,158047,158051],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158020,158021,158023,158025,158027,158029,158031,158033,158035,158037,158039,158041,158043,158045],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158022,4134],{"class":216},[73,158024,221],{"class":220},[73,158026,9742],{"class":83},[73,158028,452],{"class":116},[73,158030,140],{"class":83},[73,158032,8300],{"class":116},[73,158034,140],{"class":83},[73,158036,8305],{"class":116},[73,158038,140],{"class":83},[73,158040,51081],{"class":116},[73,158042,140],{"class":83},[73,158044,5594],{"class":116},[73,158046,249],{"class":83},[73,158048,158049],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,158050,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,158052,158053,158055,158057,158059,158061,158063],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,158054,80],{"class":79},[73,158056,84],{"class":83},[73,158058,4164],{"class":245},[73,158060,75777],{"class":83},[73,158062,1304],{"class":116},[73,158064,4398],{"class":83},[20,158066,148],{},[64,158068,158069],{"className":66,"code":151596,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,158070,158071],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158072,158073,158075,158077,158079,158081,158083,158085],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158074,84],{"class":83},[73,158076,452],{"class":116},[73,158078,140],{"class":83},[73,158080,8300],{"class":116},[73,158082,140],{"class":83},[73,158084,8305],{"class":116},[73,158086,249],{"class":83},[403,158088,158090],{"id":158089},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[64,158092,158094],{"className":66,"code":158093,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,158095,158096,158124,158128],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158097,158098,158100,158102,158104,158106,158108,158110,158112,158114,158116,158118,158120,158122],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158099,4134],{"class":216},[73,158101,221],{"class":220},[73,158103,9742],{"class":83},[73,158105,452],{"class":116},[73,158107,140],{"class":83},[73,158109,8300],{"class":116},[73,158111,140],{"class":83},[73,158113,8305],{"class":116},[73,158115,140],{"class":83},[73,158117,51081],{"class":116},[73,158119,140],{"class":83},[73,158121,5594],{"class":116},[73,158123,249],{"class":83},[73,158125,158126],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,158127,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,158129,158130,158132,158134,158136,158138,158140],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,158131,80],{"class":79},[73,158133,84],{"class":83},[73,158135,4164],{"class":245},[73,158137,4410],{"class":83},[73,158139,530],{"class":116},[73,158141,77958],{"class":83},[20,158143,148],{},[64,158145,158147],{"className":66,"code":158146,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,158148,158149],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158150,158151,158153,158155,158157,158159,158161,158163],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158152,84],{"class":83},[73,158154,37348],{"class":116},[73,158156,140],{"class":83},[73,158158,51081],{"class":116},[73,158160,140],{"class":83},[73,158162,5594],{"class":116},[73,158164,249],{"class":83},[403,158166,158168],{"id":158167},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[64,158170,158172],{"className":66,"code":158171,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,158173,158174,158202,158206],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158175,158176,158178,158180,158182,158184,158186,158188,158190,158192,158194,158196,158198,158200],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158177,4134],{"class":216},[73,158179,221],{"class":220},[73,158181,9742],{"class":83},[73,158183,452],{"class":116},[73,158185,140],{"class":83},[73,158187,8300],{"class":116},[73,158189,140],{"class":83},[73,158191,8305],{"class":116},[73,158193,140],{"class":83},[73,158195,51081],{"class":116},[73,158197,140],{"class":83},[73,158199,5594],{"class":116},[73,158201,249],{"class":83},[73,158203,158204],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,158205,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,158207,158208,158210,158212,158214,158216,158218,158220,158222],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,158209,80],{"class":79},[73,158211,84],{"class":83},[73,158213,4164],{"class":245},[73,158215,4410],{"class":83},[73,158217,2397],{"class":116},[73,158219,1063],{"class":83},[73,158221,3036],{"class":116},[73,158223,4398],{"class":83},[20,158225,148],{},[64,158227,158229],{"className":66,"code":158228,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158230,158231],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158232,158233,158235,158237,158239,158241,158243,158245],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158234,84],{"class":83},[73,158236,16264],{"class":116},[73,158238,140],{"class":83},[73,158240,8305],{"class":116},[73,158242,140],{"class":83},[73,158244,51081],{"class":116},[73,158246,249],{"class":83},[403,158248,158250],{"id":158249},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[64,158252,158254],{"className":66,"code":158253,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,158255,158256,158288,158292],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158257,158258,158260,158262,158264,158266,158268,158270,158272,158274,158276,158278,158280,158282,158284,158286],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158259,4134],{"class":216},[73,158261,221],{"class":220},[73,158263,9742],{"class":83},[73,158265,452],{"class":116},[73,158267,140],{"class":83},[73,158269,8300],{"class":116},[73,158271,140],{"class":83},[73,158273,8305],{"class":116},[73,158275,140],{"class":83},[73,158277,51081],{"class":116},[73,158279,140],{"class":83},[73,158281,5594],{"class":116},[73,158283,140],{"class":83},[73,158285,76342],{"class":116},[73,158287,249],{"class":83},[73,158289,158290],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,158291,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,158293,158294,158296,158298,158300,158302,158304],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,158295,80],{"class":79},[73,158297,84],{"class":83},[73,158299,4164],{"class":245},[73,158301,74364],{"class":83},[73,158303,530],{"class":116},[73,158305,4398],{"class":83},[20,158307,148],{},[64,158309,158311],{"className":66,"code":158310,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,158312,158313],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158314,158315,158317,158319,158321,158323,158325,158327],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158316,84],{"class":83},[73,158318,452],{"class":116},[73,158320,140],{"class":83},[73,158322,8305],{"class":116},[73,158324,140],{"class":83},[73,158326,5594],{"class":116},[73,158328,249],{"class":83},[403,158330,158332],{"id":158331},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[64,158334,158336],{"className":66,"code":158335,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,158337,158338,158366,158370],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158339,158340,158342,158344,158346,158348,158350,158352,158354,158356,158358,158360,158362,158364],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158341,4134],{"class":216},[73,158343,221],{"class":220},[73,158345,9742],{"class":83},[73,158347,452],{"class":116},[73,158349,140],{"class":83},[73,158351,8300],{"class":116},[73,158353,140],{"class":83},[73,158355,8305],{"class":116},[73,158357,140],{"class":83},[73,158359,51081],{"class":116},[73,158361,140],{"class":83},[73,158363,5594],{"class":116},[73,158365,249],{"class":83},[73,158367,158368],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,158369,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,158371,158372,158374,158376,158378,158380,158382,158384],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,158373,80],{"class":79},[73,158375,84],{"class":83},[73,158377,4164],{"class":245},[73,158379,74364],{"class":83},[73,158381,746],{"class":220},[73,158383,2397],{"class":116},[73,158385,4398],{"class":83},[20,158387,148],{},[64,158389,158391],{"className":66,"code":158390,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,158392,158393],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158394,158395,158397,158399,158401,158403,158405,158407,158409,158411,158413,158415],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158396,84],{"class":83},[73,158398,77036],{"class":116},[73,158400,140],{"class":83},[73,158402,51081],{"class":116},[73,158404,140],{"class":83},[73,158406,8305],{"class":116},[73,158408,140],{"class":83},[73,158410,8300],{"class":116},[73,158412,140],{"class":83},[73,158414,6516],{"class":116},[73,158416,249],{"class":83},[59,158418,76552],{"id":76551},[20,158420,154603],{},[20,158422,158423],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[403,158425,158427],{"id":158426},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[64,158429,158431],{"className":66,"code":158430,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,158432,158433,158465,158469],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158434,158435,158437,158439,158441,158443,158445,158447,158449,158451,158453,158455,158457,158459,158461,158463],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158436,4134],{"class":216},[73,158438,221],{"class":220},[73,158440,9742],{"class":83},[73,158442,452],{"class":116},[73,158444,140],{"class":83},[73,158446,8300],{"class":116},[73,158448,140],{"class":83},[73,158450,8305],{"class":116},[73,158452,140],{"class":83},[73,158454,51081],{"class":116},[73,158456,140],{"class":83},[73,158458,5594],{"class":116},[73,158460,140],{"class":83},[73,158462,76342],{"class":116},[73,158464,249],{"class":83},[73,158466,158467],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,158468,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,158470,158471,158473,158475,158477,158479,158481,158483],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,158472,80],{"class":79},[73,158474,84],{"class":83},[73,158476,4164],{"class":245},[73,158478,4410],{"class":83},[73,158480,746],{"class":220},[73,158482,1304],{"class":116},[73,158484,77958],{"class":83},[20,158486,148],{},[64,158488,158490],{"className":66,"code":158489,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158491,158492],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158493,158494,158496,158498,158500,158502,158504,158506],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158495,84],{"class":83},[73,158497,56932],{"class":116},[73,158499,140],{"class":83},[73,158501,5594],{"class":116},[73,158503,140],{"class":83},[73,158505,76342],{"class":116},[73,158507,249],{"class":83},[403,158509,158511],{"id":158510},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[64,158513,158515],{"className":66,"code":158514,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158516,158517,158545,158549],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158518,158519,158521,158523,158525,158527,158529,158531,158533,158535,158537,158539,158541,158543],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158520,4134],{"class":216},[73,158522,221],{"class":220},[73,158524,9742],{"class":83},[73,158526,452],{"class":116},[73,158528,140],{"class":83},[73,158530,8300],{"class":116},[73,158532,140],{"class":83},[73,158534,8305],{"class":116},[73,158536,140],{"class":83},[73,158538,51081],{"class":116},[73,158540,140],{"class":83},[73,158542,5594],{"class":116},[73,158544,249],{"class":83},[73,158546,158547],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,158548,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,158550,158551,158553,158555,158557,158559,158561,158563],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,158552,80],{"class":79},[73,158554,84],{"class":83},[73,158556,4164],{"class":245},[73,158558,75777],{"class":83},[73,158560,746],{"class":220},[73,158562,2397],{"class":116},[73,158564,4398],{"class":83},[20,158566,148],{},[64,158568,158570],{"className":66,"code":158569,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158571,158572],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158573,158574,158576,158578,158580,158582,158584,158586,158588,158590],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158575,84],{"class":83},[73,158577,452],{"class":116},[73,158579,140],{"class":83},[73,158581,8300],{"class":116},[73,158583,140],{"class":83},[73,158585,8305],{"class":116},[73,158587,140],{"class":83},[73,158589,51081],{"class":116},[73,158591,249],{"class":83},[20,158593,158594,158595,653],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[646,158596,151153],{"href":157487},[59,158598,158600],{"id":158599},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158602,1580,158603,158605],{},[15,158604,75671],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[33,158607,158608,158610,158612,158618],{},[36,158609,76808],{},[36,158611,76811],{},[36,158613,158614,158617],{},[15,158615,158616],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[36,158619,158620,158621,158623],{},"A step of ",[15,158622,806],{}," is not allowed",[20,158625,158626],{},"Example with a positive step:",[64,158628,158630],{"className":66,"code":158629,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158631,158632,158664,158668],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158633,158634,158636,158638,158640,158642,158644,158646,158648,158650,158652,158654,158656,158658,158660,158662],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158635,4134],{"class":216},[73,158637,221],{"class":220},[73,158639,9742],{"class":83},[73,158641,452],{"class":116},[73,158643,140],{"class":83},[73,158645,8300],{"class":116},[73,158647,140],{"class":83},[73,158649,8305],{"class":116},[73,158651,140],{"class":83},[73,158653,51081],{"class":116},[73,158655,140],{"class":83},[73,158657,5594],{"class":116},[73,158659,140],{"class":83},[73,158661,76342],{"class":116},[73,158663,249],{"class":83},[73,158665,158666],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,158667,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,158669,158670,158672,158674,158676,158678,158680,158682,158684,158686,158688],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,158671,80],{"class":79},[73,158673,84],{"class":83},[73,158675,4164],{"class":245},[73,158677,4410],{"class":83},[73,158679,2397],{"class":116},[73,158681,1063],{"class":83},[73,158683,80836],{"class":116},[73,158685,1063],{"class":83},[73,158687,530],{"class":116},[73,158689,4398],{"class":83},[20,158691,148],{},[64,158693,158695],{"className":66,"code":158694,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158696,158697],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158698,158699,158701,158703,158705,158707,158709,158711],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158700,84],{"class":83},[73,158702,16264],{"class":116},[73,158704,140],{"class":83},[73,158706,51081],{"class":116},[73,158708,140],{"class":83},[73,158710,76342],{"class":116},[73,158712,249],{"class":83},[20,158714,158715],{},"Example with a negative step:",[64,158717,158719],{"className":66,"code":158718,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158720,158721,158749,158753],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158722,158723,158725,158727,158729,158731,158733,158735,158737,158739,158741,158743,158745,158747],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158724,4134],{"class":216},[73,158726,221],{"class":220},[73,158728,9742],{"class":83},[73,158730,452],{"class":116},[73,158732,140],{"class":83},[73,158734,8300],{"class":116},[73,158736,140],{"class":83},[73,158738,8305],{"class":116},[73,158740,140],{"class":83},[73,158742,51081],{"class":116},[73,158744,140],{"class":83},[73,158746,5594],{"class":116},[73,158748,249],{"class":83},[73,158750,158751],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,158752,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,158754,158755,158757,158759,158761,158763,158765,158767,158769,158771,158773,158775],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,158756,80],{"class":79},[73,158758,84],{"class":83},[73,158760,4164],{"class":245},[73,158762,4410],{"class":83},[73,158764,3036],{"class":116},[73,158766,1063],{"class":83},[73,158768,2397],{"class":116},[73,158770,1063],{"class":83},[73,158772,746],{"class":220},[73,158774,2397],{"class":116},[73,158776,4398],{"class":83},[20,158778,148],{},[64,158780,158782],{"className":66,"code":158781,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158783,158784],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158785,158786,158788,158790,158792,158794,158796,158798],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158787,84],{"class":83},[73,158789,77036],{"class":116},[73,158791,140],{"class":83},[73,158793,51081],{"class":116},[73,158795,140],{"class":83},[73,158797,8305],{"class":116},[73,158799,249],{"class":83},[20,158801,158802],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[64,158804,158806],{"className":66,"code":158805,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158807,158808,158828,158832],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158809,158810,158812,158814,158816,158818,158820,158822,158824,158826],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158811,4134],{"class":216},[73,158813,221],{"class":220},[73,158815,9742],{"class":83},[73,158817,452],{"class":116},[73,158819,140],{"class":83},[73,158821,8300],{"class":116},[73,158823,140],{"class":83},[73,158825,8305],{"class":116},[73,158827,249],{"class":83},[73,158829,158830],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,158831,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,158833,158834,158836,158838,158840,158842,158844],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,158835,80],{"class":79},[73,158837,84],{"class":83},[73,158839,4164],{"class":245},[73,158841,74364],{"class":83},[73,158843,806],{"class":116},[73,158845,4398],{"class":83},[20,158847,158848],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[59,158850,158852],{"id":158851},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158854,158855,158856,34248],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[1194,158857,49190],{},[403,158859,158861],{"id":158860},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[64,158863,158865],{"className":66,"code":158864,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158866,158867,158891,158895,158913,158917,158927],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158868,158869,158871,158873,158875,158877,158879,158881,158883,158885,158887,158889],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158870,4134],{"class":216},[73,158872,221],{"class":220},[73,158874,9742],{"class":83},[73,158876,452],{"class":116},[73,158878,140],{"class":83},[73,158880,8300],{"class":116},[73,158882,140],{"class":83},[73,158884,8305],{"class":116},[73,158886,140],{"class":83},[73,158888,51081],{"class":116},[73,158890,249],{"class":83},[73,158892,158893],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,158894,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,158896,158897,158899,158901,158903,158905,158907,158909,158911],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,158898,2766],{"class":216},[73,158900,221],{"class":220},[73,158902,4775],{"class":216},[73,158904,4410],{"class":83},[73,158906,2397],{"class":116},[73,158908,1063],{"class":83},[73,158910,1304],{"class":116},[73,158912,924],{"class":83},[73,158914,158915],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,158916,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,158918,158919,158921,158923,158925],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,158920,80],{"class":79},[73,158922,84],{"class":83},[73,158924,2800],{"class":245},[73,158926,249],{"class":83},[73,158928,158929,158931,158933,158935,158937,158939],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,158930,80],{"class":79},[73,158932,84],{"class":83},[73,158934,288],{"class":87},[73,158936,84],{"class":83},[73,158938,2800],{"class":245},[73,158940,102],{"class":83},[20,158942,148],{},[64,158944,158946],{"className":66,"code":158945,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158947,158948,158960],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158949,158950,158952,158954,158956,158958],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158951,84],{"class":83},[73,158953,16264],{"class":116},[73,158955,140],{"class":83},[73,158957,8305],{"class":116},[73,158959,249],{"class":83},[73,158961,158962,158964,158966,158968,158970,158972],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,158963,330],{"class":220},[73,158965,334],{"class":333},[73,158967,337],{"class":93},[73,158969,49190],{"class":97},[73,158971,343],{"class":93},[73,158973,346],{"class":220},[403,158975,158977],{"id":158976},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[64,158979,158981],{"className":66,"code":158980,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158982,158983,159003,159007,159025,159029,159039],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,158984,158985,158987,158989,158991,158993,158995,158997,158999,159001],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,158986,4134],{"class":216},[73,158988,221],{"class":220},[73,158990,9742],{"class":83},[73,158992,452],{"class":116},[73,158994,140],{"class":83},[73,158996,8300],{"class":116},[73,158998,140],{"class":83},[73,159000,8305],{"class":116},[73,159002,249],{"class":83},[73,159004,159005],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,159006,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,159008,159009,159011,159013,159015,159017,159019,159021,159023],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,159010,2766],{"class":216},[73,159012,221],{"class":220},[73,159014,4775],{"class":216},[73,159016,4410],{"class":83},[73,159018,2397],{"class":116},[73,159020,1063],{"class":83},[73,159022,530],{"class":116},[73,159024,924],{"class":83},[73,159026,159027],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,159028,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,159030,159031,159033,159035,159037],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,159032,80],{"class":79},[73,159034,84],{"class":83},[73,159036,2800],{"class":245},[73,159038,249],{"class":83},[73,159040,159041,159043,159045,159047,159049,159051],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,159042,80],{"class":79},[73,159044,84],{"class":83},[73,159046,288],{"class":87},[73,159048,84],{"class":83},[73,159050,2800],{"class":245},[73,159052,102],{"class":83},[20,159054,148],{},[64,159056,159058],{"className":66,"code":159057,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,159059,159060,159068],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,159061,159062,159064,159066],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,159063,84],{"class":83},[73,159065,16264],{"class":116},[73,159067,149587],{"class":83},[73,159069,159070,159072,159074,159076,159078,159080],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,159071,330],{"class":220},[73,159073,334],{"class":333},[73,159075,337],{"class":93},[73,159077,49190],{"class":97},[73,159079,343],{"class":93},[73,159081,346],{"class":220},[403,159083,159085],{"id":159084},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[64,159087,159089],{"className":66,"code":159088,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,159090,159091,159111,159115],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,159092,159093,159095,159097,159099,159101,159103,159105,159107,159109],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,159094,4134],{"class":216},[73,159096,221],{"class":220},[73,159098,9742],{"class":83},[73,159100,452],{"class":116},[73,159102,140],{"class":83},[73,159104,8300],{"class":116},[73,159106,140],{"class":83},[73,159108,8305],{"class":116},[73,159110,249],{"class":83},[73,159112,159113],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,159114,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,159116,159117,159119,159121,159123,159125,159127,159129,159131],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,159118,80],{"class":79},[73,159120,84],{"class":83},[73,159122,4164],{"class":245},[73,159124,4410],{"class":83},[73,159126,688],{"class":116},[73,159128,1063],{"class":83},[73,159130,536],{"class":116},[73,159132,4398],{"class":83},[20,159134,148],{},[64,159136,159137],{"className":66,"code":9151,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,159138,159139],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,159140,159141],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,159142,9151],{"class":83},[20,159144,159145,159146,653],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[646,159147,156323],{"href":151210},[59,159149,159151],{"id":159150},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,159153,159154],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[33,159156,159157,159159,159162,159167],{},[36,159158,77117],{},[36,159160,159161],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[36,159163,159164,159165],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,159166,70973],{},[36,159168,159169],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,159171,206],{},[64,159173,159175],{"className":66,"code":159174,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,159176,159177,159197,159201,159218,159239],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,159178,159179,159181,159183,159185,159187,159189,159191,159193,159195],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,159180,4134],{"class":216},[73,159182,221],{"class":220},[73,159184,9742],{"class":83},[73,159186,452],{"class":116},[73,159188,140],{"class":83},[73,159190,8300],{"class":116},[73,159192,140],{"class":83},[73,159194,8305],{"class":116},[73,159196,249],{"class":83},[73,159198,159199],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,159200,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,159202,159203,159205,159207,159209,159211,159213,159215],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,159204,80],{"class":79},[73,159206,84],{"class":83},[73,159208,4164],{"class":245},[73,159210,4410],{"class":83},[73,159212,2397],{"class":116},[73,159214,20958],{"class":83},[73,159216,159217],{"class":769},"    # one item\n",[73,159219,159220,159222,159224,159226,159228,159230,159232,159234,159236],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,159221,80],{"class":79},[73,159223,84],{"class":83},[73,159225,4164],{"class":245},[73,159227,4410],{"class":83},[73,159229,2397],{"class":116},[73,159231,1063],{"class":83},[73,159233,688],{"class":116},[73,159235,20958],{"class":83},[73,159237,159238],{"class":769},"  # slice\n",[73,159240,159241,159243,159245,159247,159249,159251,159253,159255,159257],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,159242,80],{"class":79},[73,159244,84],{"class":83},[73,159246,4164],{"class":245},[73,159248,4410],{"class":83},[73,159250,688],{"class":116},[73,159252,1063],{"class":83},[73,159254,536],{"class":116},[73,159256,20958],{"class":83},[73,159258,159259],{"class":769},"  # empty slice\n",[20,159261,148],{},[64,159263,159265],{"className":66,"code":159264,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,159266,159267,159271,159283],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,159268,159269],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,159270,71466],{"class":116},[73,159272,159273,159275,159277,159279,159281],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,159274,84],{"class":83},[73,159276,16264],{"class":116},[73,159278,140],{"class":83},[73,159280,8305],{"class":116},[73,159282,249],{"class":83},[73,159284,159285],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,159286,9151],{"class":83},[20,159288,159289],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[64,159291,159293],{"className":66,"code":159292,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,159294,159295,159315,159319],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,159296,159297,159299,159301,159303,159305,159307,159309,159311,159313],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,159298,4134],{"class":216},[73,159300,221],{"class":220},[73,159302,9742],{"class":83},[73,159304,452],{"class":116},[73,159306,140],{"class":83},[73,159308,8300],{"class":116},[73,159310,140],{"class":83},[73,159312,8305],{"class":116},[73,159314,249],{"class":83},[73,159316,159317],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,159318,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,159320,159321,159323,159325,159327,159329,159331],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,159322,80],{"class":79},[73,159324,84],{"class":83},[73,159326,4164],{"class":245},[73,159328,4410],{"class":83},[73,159330,688],{"class":116},[73,159332,4398],{"class":83},[20,159334,159335,159336,159338,159339,653],{},"This raises an ",[15,159337,70973],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[646,159340,155076],{"href":159341},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[59,159343,15686],{"id":77384},[20,159345,159346],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[33,159348,159349,159352,159354,159357],{},[36,159350,159351],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[36,159353,60933],{},[36,159355,159356],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[36,159358,159359,159360],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,159361,806],{},[20,159363,159364],{},"Here are a few examples.",[403,159366,159368],{"id":159367},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[64,159370,159371],{"className":66,"code":158171,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,159372,159373,159401,159405],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,159374,159375,159377,159379,159381,159383,159385,159387,159389,159391,159393,159395,159397,159399],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,159376,4134],{"class":216},[73,159378,221],{"class":220},[73,159380,9742],{"class":83},[73,159382,452],{"class":116},[73,159384,140],{"class":83},[73,159386,8300],{"class":116},[73,159388,140],{"class":83},[73,159390,8305],{"class":116},[73,159392,140],{"class":83},[73,159394,51081],{"class":116},[73,159396,140],{"class":83},[73,159398,5594],{"class":116},[73,159400,249],{"class":83},[73,159402,159403],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,159404,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,159406,159407,159409,159411,159413,159415,159417,159419,159421],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,159408,80],{"class":79},[73,159410,84],{"class":83},[73,159412,4164],{"class":245},[73,159414,4410],{"class":83},[73,159416,2397],{"class":116},[73,159418,1063],{"class":83},[73,159420,3036],{"class":116},[73,159422,4398],{"class":83},[20,159424,148],{},[64,159426,159427],{"className":66,"code":158228,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,159428,159429],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,159430,159431,159433,159435,159437,159439,159441,159443],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,159432,84],{"class":83},[73,159434,16264],{"class":116},[73,159436,140],{"class":83},[73,159438,8305],{"class":116},[73,159440,140],{"class":83},[73,159442,51081],{"class":116},[73,159444,249],{"class":83},[20,159446,132655,159447,159449],{},[15,159448,3036],{}," is not included.",[403,159451,159453],{"id":159452},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,159455,5038],{},[64,159457,159459],{"className":66,"code":159458,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159460,159461,159485,159489],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,159462,159463,159465,159467,159469,159471,159473,159475,159477,159479,159481,159483],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,159464,4134],{"class":216},[73,159466,221],{"class":220},[73,159468,9742],{"class":83},[73,159470,452],{"class":116},[73,159472,140],{"class":83},[73,159474,8300],{"class":116},[73,159476,140],{"class":83},[73,159478,8305],{"class":116},[73,159480,140],{"class":83},[73,159482,51081],{"class":116},[73,159484,249],{"class":83},[73,159486,159487],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,159488,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,159490,159491],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,159492,159493],{"class":769},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159495,159496],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[64,159498,159499],{"className":66,"code":155156,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,159500,159501,159525,159529],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,159502,159503,159505,159507,159509,159511,159513,159515,159517,159519,159521,159523],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,159504,4134],{"class":216},[73,159506,221],{"class":220},[73,159508,9742],{"class":83},[73,159510,452],{"class":116},[73,159512,140],{"class":83},[73,159514,8300],{"class":116},[73,159516,140],{"class":83},[73,159518,8305],{"class":116},[73,159520,140],{"class":83},[73,159522,51081],{"class":116},[73,159524,249],{"class":83},[73,159526,159527],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,159528,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,159530,159531,159533,159535,159537,159539,159541,159543,159545],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,159532,80],{"class":79},[73,159534,84],{"class":83},[73,159536,4164],{"class":245},[73,159538,4410],{"class":83},[73,159540,2397],{"class":116},[73,159542,1063],{"class":83},[73,159544,1304],{"class":116},[73,159546,4398],{"class":83},[403,159548,159550],{"id":159549},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[64,159552,159554],{"className":66,"code":159553,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159555,159556,159580,159584,159599,159603,159614],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,159557,159558,159560,159562,159564,159566,159568,159570,159572,159574,159576,159578],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,159559,4134],{"class":216},[73,159561,221],{"class":220},[73,159563,9742],{"class":83},[73,159565,452],{"class":116},[73,159567,140],{"class":83},[73,159569,8300],{"class":116},[73,159571,140],{"class":83},[73,159573,8305],{"class":116},[73,159575,140],{"class":83},[73,159577,51081],{"class":116},[73,159579,249],{"class":83},[73,159581,159582],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,159583,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,159585,159586,159589,159591,159593,159595,159597],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,159587,159588],{"class":216},"slice_result ",[73,159590,221],{"class":220},[73,159592,4775],{"class":216},[73,159594,75777],{"class":83},[73,159596,530],{"class":116},[73,159598,924],{"class":83},[73,159600,159601],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,159602,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,159604,159605,159607,159609,159612],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,159606,80],{"class":79},[73,159608,84],{"class":83},[73,159610,159611],{"class":245},"slice_result",[73,159613,249],{"class":83},[73,159615,159616,159618,159620,159622],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,159617,80],{"class":79},[73,159619,84],{"class":83},[73,159621,4164],{"class":245},[73,159623,249],{"class":83},[20,159625,148],{},[64,159627,159629],{"className":66,"code":159628,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159630,159631,159643],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,159632,159633,159635,159637,159639,159641],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,159634,84],{"class":83},[73,159636,452],{"class":116},[73,159638,140],{"class":83},[73,159640,8300],{"class":116},[73,159642,249],{"class":83},[73,159644,159645,159647,159649,159651,159653,159655,159657,159659,159661],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,159646,84],{"class":83},[73,159648,452],{"class":116},[73,159650,140],{"class":83},[73,159652,8300],{"class":116},[73,159654,140],{"class":83},[73,159656,8305],{"class":116},[73,159658,140],{"class":83},[73,159660,51081],{"class":116},[73,159662,249],{"class":83},[20,159664,159665],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[59,159667,113969],{"id":113968},[20,159669,159670],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[33,159672,159673,159676,159679,159685,159688],{},[36,159674,159675],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[36,159677,159678],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[36,159680,159681,159682],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159683,159684],{},"tuple[::0]",[36,159686,159687],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[36,159689,159690],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159692,159693],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[64,159695,159697],{"className":66,"code":159696,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159698,159699,159709,159727,159749],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,159700,159701,159703,159705,159707],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,159702,80],{"class":79},[73,159704,84],{"class":83},[73,159706,148249],{"class":245},[73,159708,249],{"class":83},[73,159710,159711,159713,159715,159717,159719,159721,159723,159725],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,159712,80],{"class":79},[73,159714,84],{"class":83},[73,159716,148249],{"class":245},[73,159718,4410],{"class":83},[73,159720,2397],{"class":116},[73,159722,1063],{"class":83},[73,159724,3036],{"class":116},[73,159726,4398],{"class":83},[73,159728,159729,159731,159733,159735,159737,159739,159741,159743,159745,159747],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,159730,80],{"class":79},[73,159732,84],{"class":83},[73,159734,288],{"class":87},[73,159736,84],{"class":83},[73,159738,148249],{"class":245},[73,159740,4410],{"class":83},[73,159742,2397],{"class":116},[73,159744,1063],{"class":83},[73,159746,3036],{"class":116},[73,159748,3523],{"class":83},[73,159750,159751,159753,159755,159757,159759,159761],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,159752,80],{"class":79},[73,159754,84],{"class":83},[73,159756,11670],{"class":79},[73,159758,84],{"class":83},[73,159760,148249],{"class":245},[73,159762,102],{"class":83},[20,159764,11679],{},[33,159766,159767,159769,159772,159775],{},[36,159768,155463],{},[36,159770,159771],{},"what the slice actually returns",[36,159773,159774],{},"that the result is a tuple",[36,159776,159777],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[59,159779,2350],{"id":2349},[403,159781,159783],{"id":159782},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159785,159786],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[403,159788,159790],{"id":159789},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159792,159793],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[403,159795,2387,159797,40467],{"id":159796},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159798,158616],{},[20,159800,159801],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[403,159803,159805,159806,3023],{"id":159804},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159807,70973],{},[20,159809,159810,159811,653],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159812,70973],{},[59,159814,2413],{"id":2412},[33,159816,159817,159821,159825,159829,159833],{},[36,159818,159819],{},[646,159820,156323],{"href":151210},[36,159822,159823],{},[646,159824,149904],{"href":153330},[36,159826,159827],{},[646,159828,151153],{"href":157487},[36,159830,159831],{},[646,159832,148231],{"href":157849},[36,159834,159835],{},[646,159836,155076],{"href":159341},[2459,159838,159839],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":159841},[159842,159843,159844,159845,159853,159857,159858,159863,159864,159869,159870,159878],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":157649,"depth":105,"text":157650},{"id":157852,"depth":105,"text":157853},{"id":76257,"depth":105,"text":76258,"children":159846},[159847,159849,159850,159851,159852],{"id":158010,"depth":122,"text":159848},"Get the first n items",{"id":158089,"depth":122,"text":158090},{"id":158167,"depth":122,"text":158168},{"id":158249,"depth":122,"text":158250},{"id":158331,"depth":122,"text":158332},{"id":76551,"depth":105,"text":76552,"children":159854},[159855,159856],{"id":158426,"depth":122,"text":158427},{"id":158510,"depth":122,"text":158511},{"id":158599,"depth":105,"text":158600},{"id":158851,"depth":105,"text":158852,"children":159859},[159860,159861,159862],{"id":158860,"depth":122,"text":158861},{"id":158976,"depth":122,"text":158977},{"id":159084,"depth":122,"text":159085},{"id":159150,"depth":105,"text":159151},{"id":77384,"depth":105,"text":15686,"children":159865},[159866,159867,159868],{"id":159367,"depth":122,"text":159368},{"id":159452,"depth":122,"text":159453},{"id":159549,"depth":122,"text":159550},{"id":113968,"depth":105,"text":113969},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":159871},[159872,159873,159874,159876],{"id":159782,"depth":122,"text":159783},{"id":159789,"depth":122,"text":159790},{"id":159796,"depth":122,"text":159875},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159804,"depth":122,"text":159877},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157493,"description":159879},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159886,"title":159887,"body":159888,"description":161711,"extension":2511,"meta":161712,"navigation":254,"path":35314,"seo":161713,"stem":161714,"__hash__":161715},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159889,"toc":161677},[159890,159895,159900,159904,159922,159925,159940,159946,159948,160005,160007,160039,160051,160057,160062,160065,160100,160106,160108,160111,160125,160128,160130,160153,160155,160173,160176,160192,160194,160197,160310,160312,160401,160404,160409,160415,160418,160421,160520,160522,160581,160586,160589,160658,160662,160694,160710,160715,160722,160729,160741,160743,160792,160794,160817,160823,160871,160876,160883,160891,160897,160900,160924,160927,160929,161005,161007,161032,161038,161041,161046,161050,161064,161066,161129,161131,161163,161166,161182,161184,161190,161197,161199,161218,161220,161238,161245,161250,161257,161259,161296,161299,161306,161310,161313,161371,161374,161377,161432,161434,161446,161452,161454,161458,161491,161498,161500,161563,161566,161568,161573,161587,161594,161602,161611,161620,161626,161632,161634,161674],[10,159891,13,159893,18],{"id":159892},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159894,2837],{},[20,159896,22,159897,159899],{},[15,159898,2837],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159901,63008,159902,104813],{},[15,159903,2837],{},[33,159905,159906,159909,159912,159915],{},[36,159907,159908],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[36,159910,159911],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[36,159913,159914],{},"debug confusing code",[36,159916,159917,159918],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[646,159919,159920],{"href":1171},[15,159921,1174],{},[20,159923,159924],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[64,159926,159928],{"className":66,"code":159927,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"type(object)\n",[15,159929,159930],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,159931,159932,159934,159936,159938],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,159933,288],{"class":87},[73,159935,84],{"class":83},[73,159937,1899],{"class":87},[73,159939,249],{"class":83},[20,159941,159942,159943,159945],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159944,2837],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[59,159947,4124],{"id":4123},[64,159949,159951],{"className":66,"code":159950,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159952,159953,159965,159979,159983,159991],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,159954,159955,159957,159959,159961,159963],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,159956,8387],{"class":216},[73,159958,221],{"class":220},[73,159960,224],{"class":93},[73,159962,5517],{"class":97},[73,159964,230],{"class":93},[73,159966,159967,159969,159971,159973,159975,159977],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,159968,80],{"class":79},[73,159970,84],{"class":83},[73,159972,288],{"class":87},[73,159974,84],{"class":83},[73,159976,8177],{"class":245},[73,159978,102],{"class":83},[73,159980,159981],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,159982,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,159984,159985,159987,159989],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,159986,235],{"class":216},[73,159988,221],{"class":220},[73,159990,3119],{"class":116},[73,159992,159993,159995,159997,159999,160001,160003],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,159994,80],{"class":79},[73,159996,84],{"class":83},[73,159998,288],{"class":87},[73,160000,84],{"class":83},[73,160002,276],{"class":245},[73,160004,102],{"class":83},[20,160006,148],{},[64,160008,160009],{"className":66,"code":125316,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,160010,160011,160025],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,160012,160013,160015,160017,160019,160021,160023],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,160014,330],{"class":220},[73,160016,334],{"class":333},[73,160018,337],{"class":93},[73,160020,340],{"class":97},[73,160022,343],{"class":93},[73,160024,346],{"class":220},[73,160026,160027,160029,160031,160033,160035,160037],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,160028,330],{"class":220},[73,160030,334],{"class":333},[73,160032,337],{"class":93},[73,160034,88],{"class":97},[73,160036,343],{"class":93},[73,160038,346],{"class":220},[20,160040,171,160041,160044,160045,1647,160048,653],{},[15,160042,160043],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,160046,160047],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,160049,160050],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[59,160052,13507,160054,160056],{"id":160053},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,160055,2837],{}," function does",[20,160058,160059,160061],{},[15,160060,2837],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,160063,160064],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[33,160066,160067,160072,160077,160082,160087,160092],{},[36,160068,160069,160071],{},[15,160070,340],{}," for text",[36,160073,160074,160076],{},[15,160075,88],{}," for whole numbers",[36,160078,160079,160081],{},[15,160080,1773],{}," for decimal numbers",[36,160083,160084,160086],{},[15,160085,8604],{}," for lists",[36,160088,160089,160091],{},[15,160090,9330],{}," for dictionaries",[36,160093,160094,69337,160096,1647,160098],{},[15,160095,4379],{},[15,160097,430],{},[15,160099,1367],{},[20,160101,160102,160103,160105],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,160104,2837],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[59,160107,370],{"id":369},[20,160109,160110],{},"The main beginner form is:",[64,160112,160113],{"className":66,"code":159927,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,160114,160115],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,160116,160117,160119,160121,160123],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,160118,288],{"class":87},[73,160120,84],{"class":83},[73,160122,1899],{"class":87},[73,160124,249],{"class":83},[20,160126,160127],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,160129,206],{},[64,160131,160133],{"className":66,"code":160132,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,160134,160135],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,160136,160137,160139,160141,160143,160145,160147,160149,160151],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,160138,80],{"class":79},[73,160140,84],{"class":83},[73,160142,288],{"class":87},[73,160144,84],{"class":83},[73,160146,94],{"class":93},[73,160148,4357],{"class":97},[73,160150,94],{"class":93},[73,160152,102],{"class":83},[20,160154,148],{},[64,160156,160157],{"className":66,"code":46261,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,160158,160159],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,160160,160161,160163,160165,160167,160169,160171],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,160162,330],{"class":220},[73,160164,334],{"class":333},[73,160166,337],{"class":93},[73,160168,340],{"class":97},[73,160170,343],{"class":93},[73,160172,346],{"class":220},[20,160174,160175],{},"You can pass either:",[33,160177,160178,160185],{},[36,160179,160180,160181,3408,160183],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,160182,64776],{},[15,160184,45],{},[36,160186,160187,160188,3408,160190],{},"a variable such as ",[15,160189,8177],{},[15,160191,9804],{},[59,160193,122128],{"id":122127},[20,160195,160196],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[64,160198,160200],{"className":66,"code":160199,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,160201,160202,160220,160234,160248,160270,160296],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,160203,160204,160206,160208,160210,160212,160214,160216,160218],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,160205,80],{"class":79},[73,160207,84],{"class":83},[73,160209,288],{"class":87},[73,160211,84],{"class":83},[73,160213,94],{"class":93},[73,160215,4357],{"class":97},[73,160217,94],{"class":93},[73,160219,102],{"class":83},[73,160221,160222,160224,160226,160228,160230,160232],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,160223,80],{"class":79},[73,160225,84],{"class":83},[73,160227,288],{"class":87},[73,160229,84],{"class":83},[73,160231,452],{"class":116},[73,160233,102],{"class":83},[73,160235,160236,160238,160240,160242,160244,160246],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,160237,80],{"class":79},[73,160239,84],{"class":83},[73,160241,288],{"class":87},[73,160243,84],{"class":83},[73,160245,896],{"class":116},[73,160247,102],{"class":83},[73,160249,160250,160252,160254,160256,160258,160260,160262,160264,160266,160268],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,160251,80],{"class":79},[73,160253,84],{"class":83},[73,160255,288],{"class":87},[73,160257,3510],{"class":83},[73,160259,2397],{"class":116},[73,160261,140],{"class":83},[73,160263,143],{"class":116},[73,160265,140],{"class":83},[73,160267,2982],{"class":116},[73,160269,3523],{"class":83},[73,160271,160272,160274,160276,160278,160280,160282,160284,160286,160288,160290,160292,160294],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,160273,80],{"class":79},[73,160275,84],{"class":83},[73,160277,288],{"class":87},[73,160279,6042],{"class":83},[73,160281,94],{"class":93},[73,160283,8177],{"class":97},[73,160285,94],{"class":93},[73,160287,1063],{"class":83},[73,160289,224],{"class":93},[73,160291,5517],{"class":97},[73,160293,94],{"class":93},[73,160295,6051],{"class":83},[73,160297,160298,160300,160302,160304,160306,160308],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,160299,80],{"class":79},[73,160301,84],{"class":83},[73,160303,288],{"class":87},[73,160305,84],{"class":83},[73,160307,430],{"class":484},[73,160309,102],{"class":83},[20,160311,148],{},[64,160313,160315],{"className":66,"code":160314,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,160316,160317,160331,160345,160359,160373,160387],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,160318,160319,160321,160323,160325,160327,160329],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,160320,330],{"class":220},[73,160322,334],{"class":333},[73,160324,337],{"class":93},[73,160326,340],{"class":97},[73,160328,343],{"class":93},[73,160330,346],{"class":220},[73,160332,160333,160335,160337,160339,160341,160343],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,160334,330],{"class":220},[73,160336,334],{"class":333},[73,160338,337],{"class":93},[73,160340,88],{"class":97},[73,160342,343],{"class":93},[73,160344,346],{"class":220},[73,160346,160347,160349,160351,160353,160355,160357],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,160348,330],{"class":220},[73,160350,334],{"class":333},[73,160352,337],{"class":93},[73,160354,1773],{"class":97},[73,160356,343],{"class":93},[73,160358,346],{"class":220},[73,160360,160361,160363,160365,160367,160369,160371],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,160362,330],{"class":220},[73,160364,334],{"class":333},[73,160366,337],{"class":93},[73,160368,8604],{"class":97},[73,160370,343],{"class":93},[73,160372,346],{"class":220},[73,160374,160375,160377,160379,160381,160383,160385],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,160376,330],{"class":220},[73,160378,334],{"class":333},[73,160380,337],{"class":93},[73,160382,9330],{"class":97},[73,160384,343],{"class":93},[73,160386,346],{"class":220},[73,160388,160389,160391,160393,160395,160397,160399],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,160390,330],{"class":220},[73,160392,334],{"class":333},[73,160394,337],{"class":93},[73,160396,4379],{"class":97},[73,160398,343],{"class":93},[73,160400,346],{"class":220},[20,160402,160403],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,160405,160406,160407,653],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[646,160408,45289],{"href":49215},[59,160410,657,160412,160414],{"id":160411},"using-type-with-variables",[15,160413,2837],{}," with variables",[20,160416,160417],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,160419,160420],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[64,160422,160424],{"className":66,"code":160423,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,160425,160426,160434,160452,160456,160468,160486,160490,160502],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,160427,160428,160430,160432],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,160429,2202],{"class":216},[73,160431,221],{"class":220},[73,160433,3119],{"class":116},[73,160435,160436,160438,160440,160442,160444,160446,160448,160450],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,160437,80],{"class":79},[73,160439,84],{"class":83},[73,160441,967],{"class":245},[73,160443,140],{"class":83},[73,160445,49627],{"class":87},[73,160447,84],{"class":83},[73,160449,967],{"class":245},[73,160451,102],{"class":83},[73,160453,160454],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,160455,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,160457,160458,160460,160462,160464,160466],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,160459,2202],{"class":216},[73,160461,221],{"class":220},[73,160463,224],{"class":93},[73,160465,46398],{"class":97},[73,160467,230],{"class":93},[73,160469,160470,160472,160474,160476,160478,160480,160482,160484],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,160471,80],{"class":79},[73,160473,84],{"class":83},[73,160475,967],{"class":245},[73,160477,140],{"class":83},[73,160479,49627],{"class":87},[73,160481,84],{"class":83},[73,160483,967],{"class":245},[73,160485,102],{"class":83},[73,160487,160488],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,160489,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,160491,160492,160494,160496,160498,160500],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,160493,2202],{"class":216},[73,160495,221],{"class":220},[73,160497,891],{"class":83},[73,160499,452],{"class":116},[73,160501,924],{"class":83},[73,160503,160504,160506,160508,160510,160512,160514,160516,160518],{"class":75,"line":6934},[73,160505,80],{"class":79},[73,160507,84],{"class":83},[73,160509,967],{"class":245},[73,160511,140],{"class":83},[73,160513,49627],{"class":87},[73,160515,84],{"class":83},[73,160517,967],{"class":245},[73,160519,102],{"class":83},[20,160521,148],{},[64,160523,160525],{"className":66,"code":160524,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160526,160527,160544,160561],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,160528,160529,160531,160534,160536,160538,160540,160542],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,160530,452],{"class":116},[73,160532,160533],{"class":220}," \u003C",[73,160535,334],{"class":333},[73,160537,337],{"class":93},[73,160539,88],{"class":97},[73,160541,343],{"class":93},[73,160543,346],{"class":220},[73,160545,160546,160549,160551,160553,160555,160557,160559],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,160547,160548],{"class":216},"ten ",[73,160550,330],{"class":220},[73,160552,334],{"class":333},[73,160554,337],{"class":93},[73,160556,340],{"class":97},[73,160558,343],{"class":93},[73,160560,346],{"class":220},[73,160562,160563,160565,160567,160569,160571,160573,160575,160577,160579],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,160564,4410],{"class":83},[73,160566,452],{"class":116},[73,160568,13784],{"class":83},[73,160570,160533],{"class":220},[73,160572,334],{"class":333},[73,160574,337],{"class":93},[73,160576,8604],{"class":97},[73,160578,343],{"class":93},[73,160580,346],{"class":220},[20,160582,160583,160585],{},[15,160584,2837],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160587,160588],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[64,160590,160592],{"className":66,"code":160591,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160593,160594,160612,160626,160630,160644],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,160595,160596,160598,160600,160602,160604,160606,160608,160610],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,160597,3910],{"class":216},[73,160599,221],{"class":220},[73,160601,8751],{"class":79},[73,160603,84],{"class":83},[73,160605,94],{"class":93},[73,160607,42371],{"class":97},[73,160609,94],{"class":93},[73,160611,249],{"class":83},[73,160613,160614,160616,160618,160620,160622,160624],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,160615,80],{"class":79},[73,160617,84],{"class":83},[73,160619,288],{"class":87},[73,160621,84],{"class":83},[73,160623,3936],{"class":245},[73,160625,102],{"class":83},[73,160627,160628],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,160629,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,160631,160632,160634,160636,160638,160640,160642],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,160633,123240],{"class":216},[73,160635,221],{"class":220},[73,160637,240],{"class":87},[73,160639,84],{"class":83},[73,160641,3936],{"class":245},[73,160643,249],{"class":83},[73,160645,160646,160648,160650,160652,160654,160656],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,160647,80],{"class":79},[73,160649,84],{"class":83},[73,160651,288],{"class":87},[73,160653,84],{"class":83},[73,160655,123263],{"class":245},[73,160657,102],{"class":83},[20,160659,41625,160660,41628],{},[15,160661,227],{},[64,160663,160664],{"className":66,"code":125316,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,160665,160666,160680],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,160667,160668,160670,160672,160674,160676,160678],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,160669,330],{"class":220},[73,160671,334],{"class":333},[73,160673,337],{"class":93},[73,160675,340],{"class":97},[73,160677,343],{"class":93},[73,160679,346],{"class":220},[73,160681,160682,160684,160686,160688,160690,160692],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,160683,330],{"class":220},[73,160685,334],{"class":333},[73,160687,337],{"class":93},[73,160689,88],{"class":97},[73,160691,343],{"class":93},[73,160693,346],{"class":220},[20,160695,46194,160696,160700,160701,3408,160705,160709],{},[646,160697,160698],{"href":1171},[15,160699,1174],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[646,160702,160703],{"href":3405},[15,160704,17],{},[646,160706,160707],{"href":648},[15,160708,651],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160711,160712,160713,653],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[646,160714,1167],{"href":1166},[59,160716,160718,11092,160720],{"id":160717},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160719,2837],{},[15,160721,45297],{},[20,160723,160724,1647,160726,160728],{},[15,160725,2837],{},[15,160727,45297],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[33,160730,160731,160736],{},[36,160732,160733,160735],{},[15,160734,2837],{}," tells you the exact type",[36,160737,160738,160740],{},[15,160739,45297],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160742,206],{},[64,160744,160746],{"className":66,"code":160745,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160747,160748,160756,160760,160774],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,160749,160750,160752,160754],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,160751,2202],{"class":216},[73,160753,221],{"class":220},[73,160755,35348],{"class":116},[73,160757,160758],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,160759,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,160761,160762,160764,160766,160768,160770,160772],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,160763,80],{"class":79},[73,160765,84],{"class":83},[73,160767,288],{"class":87},[73,160769,84],{"class":83},[73,160771,967],{"class":245},[73,160773,102],{"class":83},[73,160775,160776,160778,160780,160782,160784,160786,160788,160790],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,160777,80],{"class":79},[73,160779,84],{"class":83},[73,160781,49112],{"class":79},[73,160783,84],{"class":83},[73,160785,967],{"class":245},[73,160787,140],{"class":83},[73,160789,240],{"class":87},[73,160791,102],{"class":83},[20,160793,148],{},[64,160795,160797],{"className":66,"code":160796,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160798,160799,160813],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,160800,160801,160803,160805,160807,160809,160811],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,160802,330],{"class":220},[73,160804,334],{"class":333},[73,160806,337],{"class":93},[73,160808,88],{"class":97},[73,160810,343],{"class":93},[73,160812,346],{"class":220},[73,160814,160815],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,160816,4490],{"class":484},[20,160818,160819,160820,160822],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160821,45297],{}," is more practical.",[64,160824,160826],{"className":66,"code":160825,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160827,160828,160836,160840,160856],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,160829,160830,160832,160834],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,160831,2202],{"class":216},[73,160833,221],{"class":220},[73,160835,35348],{"class":116},[73,160837,160838],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,160839,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,160841,160842,160844,160846,160848,160850,160852,160854],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,160843,7507],{"class":933},[73,160845,49850],{"class":79},[73,160847,84],{"class":83},[73,160849,967],{"class":245},[73,160851,140],{"class":83},[73,160853,240],{"class":87},[73,160855,8851],{"class":83},[73,160857,160858,160860,160862,160864,160867,160869],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,160859,1676],{"class":79},[73,160861,84],{"class":83},[73,160863,94],{"class":93},[73,160865,160866],{"class":97},"This is an integer",[73,160868,94],{"class":93},[73,160870,249],{"class":83},[20,160872,171,160873,160875],{},[15,160874,2837],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160877,171,160878,160880,160881,7682],{},[15,160879,45297],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160882,7507],{},[20,160884,160885,160886,653],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[646,160887,13,160889,2422],{"href":160888},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160890,45297],{},[59,160892,160894,160895],{"id":160893},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160896,2837],{},[20,160898,160899],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[64,160901,160903],{"className":66,"code":160902,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160904,160905],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,160906,160907,160909,160911,160913,160915,160918,160920,160922],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,160908,288],{"class":87},[73,160910,84],{"class":83},[73,160912,8177],{"class":245},[73,160914,140],{"class":83},[73,160916,160917],{"class":245}," bases",[73,160919,140],{"class":83},[73,160921,9677],{"class":87},[73,160923,249],{"class":83},[20,160925,160926],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160928,206],{},[64,160930,160932],{"className":66,"code":160931,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160933,160934,160977,160981,160991],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,160935,160936,160939,160941,160943,160945,160947,160950,160952,160954,160957,160959,160961,160964,160966,160968,160970,160973,160975],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,160937,160938],{"class":216},"Person ",[73,160940,221],{"class":220},[73,160942,49627],{"class":87},[73,160944,84],{"class":83},[73,160946,94],{"class":93},[73,160948,160949],{"class":97},"Person",[73,160951,94],{"class":93},[73,160953,140],{"class":83},[73,160955,160956],{"class":83}," (),",[73,160958,10997],{"class":83},[73,160960,94],{"class":93},[73,160962,160963],{"class":97},"species",[73,160965,94],{"class":93},[73,160967,1063],{"class":83},[73,160969,224],{"class":93},[73,160971,160972],{"class":97},"human",[73,160974,94],{"class":93},[73,160976,31002],{"class":83},[73,160978,160979],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,160980,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,160982,160983,160985,160987,160989],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,160984,80],{"class":79},[73,160986,84],{"class":83},[73,160988,160949],{"class":245},[73,160990,249],{"class":83},[73,160992,160993,160995,160997,160999,161001,161003],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,160994,80],{"class":79},[73,160996,84],{"class":83},[73,160998,160949],{"class":245},[73,161000,653],{"class":83},[73,161002,160963],{"class":25260},[73,161004,249],{"class":83},[20,161006,148],{},[64,161008,161010],{"className":66,"code":161009,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,161011,161012,161027],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,161013,161014,161016,161018,161020,161023,161025],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,161015,330],{"class":220},[73,161017,334],{"class":333},[73,161019,337],{"class":93},[73,161021,161022],{"class":97},"__main__.Person",[73,161024,343],{"class":93},[73,161026,346],{"class":220},[73,161028,161029],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,161030,161031],{"class":216},"human\n",[20,161033,161034,161035,161037],{},"Most beginners do ",[1194,161036,1196],{}," need this form.",[20,161039,161040],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[59,161042,1999,161044],{"id":161043},"when-to-use-type",[15,161045,2837],{},[20,161047,161048,12956],{},[15,161049,2837],{},[33,161051,161052,161055,161058,161061],{},[36,161053,161054],{},"debug unexpected values",[36,161056,161057],{},"check what a conversion produced",[36,161059,161060],{},"learn Python data types",[36,161062,161063],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,161065,5985],{},[64,161067,161069],{"className":66,"code":161068,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,161070,161071,161083,161097,161101,161115],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,161072,161073,161075,161077,161079,161081],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,161074,217],{"class":216},[73,161076,221],{"class":220},[73,161078,224],{"class":93},[73,161080,50483],{"class":97},[73,161082,230],{"class":93},[73,161084,161085,161087,161089,161091,161093,161095],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,161086,235],{"class":216},[73,161088,221],{"class":220},[73,161090,240],{"class":87},[73,161092,84],{"class":83},[73,161094,246],{"class":245},[73,161096,249],{"class":83},[73,161098,161099],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,161100,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,161102,161103,161105,161107,161109,161111,161113],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,161104,80],{"class":79},[73,161106,84],{"class":83},[73,161108,288],{"class":87},[73,161110,84],{"class":83},[73,161112,246],{"class":245},[73,161114,102],{"class":83},[73,161116,161117,161119,161121,161123,161125,161127],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,161118,80],{"class":79},[73,161120,84],{"class":83},[73,161122,288],{"class":87},[73,161124,84],{"class":83},[73,161126,276],{"class":245},[73,161128,102],{"class":83},[20,161130,148],{},[64,161132,161133],{"className":66,"code":125316,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,161134,161135,161149],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,161136,161137,161139,161141,161143,161145,161147],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,161138,330],{"class":220},[73,161140,334],{"class":333},[73,161142,337],{"class":93},[73,161144,340],{"class":97},[73,161146,343],{"class":93},[73,161148,346],{"class":220},[73,161150,161151,161153,161155,161157,161159,161161],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,161152,330],{"class":220},[73,161154,334],{"class":333},[73,161156,337],{"class":93},[73,161158,88],{"class":97},[73,161160,343],{"class":93},[73,161162,346],{"class":220},[20,161164,161165],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,161167,161168,161169,2728,161173,17583,161177,161181],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[646,161170,161171],{"href":1323},[15,161172,1326],{},[646,161174,161175],{"href":3405},[15,161176,17],{},[646,161178,161179],{"href":648},[15,161180,651],{}," are often the next step.",[59,161183,25868],{"id":25867},[20,161185,161186,161187,161189],{},"A few things about ",[15,161188,2837],{}," often confuse beginners.",[403,161191,161193,161196],{"id":161192},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,161194,161195],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,161198,64885],{},[64,161200,161202],{"className":66,"code":161201,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type(5))\n",[15,161203,161204],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,161205,161206,161208,161210,161212,161214,161216],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,161207,80],{"class":79},[73,161209,84],{"class":83},[73,161211,288],{"class":87},[73,161213,84],{"class":83},[73,161215,688],{"class":116},[73,161217,102],{"class":83},[20,161219,123159],{},[64,161221,161222],{"className":66,"code":156671,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,161223,161224],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,161225,161226,161228,161230,161232,161234,161236],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,161227,330],{"class":220},[73,161229,334],{"class":333},[73,161231,337],{"class":93},[73,161233,88],{"class":97},[73,161235,343],{"class":93},[73,161237,346],{"class":220},[20,161239,41410,161240,161242,161243,653],{},[1194,161241,1196],{}," print just ",[15,161244,88],{},[20,161246,7186,161247,161249],{},[15,161248,2837],{}," returns a class object.",[403,161251,161253,2928,161255],{"id":161252},"input-returns-str",[15,161254,1174],{},[15,161256,340],{},[20,161258,79784],{},[64,161260,161262],{"className":66,"code":161261,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,161263,161264,161282],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,161265,161266,161268,161270,161272,161274,161276,161278,161280],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,161267,2202],{"class":216},[73,161269,221],{"class":220},[73,161271,8751],{"class":79},[73,161273,84],{"class":83},[73,161275,94],{"class":93},[73,161277,46799],{"class":97},[73,161279,94],{"class":93},[73,161281,249],{"class":83},[73,161283,161284,161286,161288,161290,161292,161294],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,161285,80],{"class":79},[73,161287,84],{"class":83},[73,161289,288],{"class":87},[73,161291,84],{"class":83},[73,161293,967],{"class":245},[73,161295,102],{"class":83},[20,161297,161298],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,161300,161301,161302,3408,161304,653],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,161303,17],{},[15,161305,651],{},[403,161307,161309],{"id":161308},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,161311,161312],{},"Avoid code like this:",[64,161314,161316],{"className":66,"code":161315,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,161317,161318,161326,161330,161356],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,161319,161320,161322,161324],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,161321,2202],{"class":216},[73,161323,221],{"class":220},[73,161325,35348],{"class":116},[73,161327,161328],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,161329,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,161331,161332,161334,161336,161338,161340,161342,161344,161346,161348,161350,161352,161354],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,161333,7507],{"class":933},[73,161335,49141],{"class":87},[73,161337,84],{"class":83},[73,161339,288],{"class":87},[73,161341,84],{"class":83},[73,161343,967],{"class":245},[73,161345,5874],{"class":83},[73,161347,6918],{"class":220},[73,161349,224],{"class":93},[73,161351,160050],{"class":97},[73,161353,94],{"class":93},[73,161355,946],{"class":83},[73,161357,161358,161360,161362,161364,161367,161369],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,161359,1676],{"class":79},[73,161361,84],{"class":83},[73,161363,94],{"class":93},[73,161365,161366],{"class":97},"It is an int",[73,161368,94],{"class":93},[73,161370,249],{"class":83},[20,161372,161373],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,161375,161376],{},"Better options:",[64,161378,161380],{"className":66,"code":161379,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161381,161382,161390,161394,161414],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,161383,161384,161386,161388],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,161385,2202],{"class":216},[73,161387,221],{"class":220},[73,161389,35348],{"class":116},[73,161391,161392],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,161393,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,161395,161396,161398,161400,161402,161404,161406,161408,161410,161412],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,161397,80],{"class":79},[73,161399,84],{"class":83},[73,161401,288],{"class":87},[73,161403,84],{"class":83},[73,161405,967],{"class":245},[73,161407,4177],{"class":83},[73,161409,6918],{"class":220},[73,161411,240],{"class":87},[73,161413,249],{"class":83},[73,161415,161416,161418,161420,161422,161424,161426,161428,161430],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,161417,80],{"class":79},[73,161419,84],{"class":83},[73,161421,49112],{"class":79},[73,161423,84],{"class":83},[73,161425,967],{"class":245},[73,161427,140],{"class":83},[73,161429,240],{"class":87},[73,161431,102],{"class":83},[20,161433,148],{},[64,161435,161436],{"className":66,"code":5017,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,161437,161438,161442],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,161439,161440],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,161441,4490],{"class":484},[73,161443,161444],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,161445,4490],{"class":484},[20,161447,161448,161449,161451],{},"In most real code, ",[15,161450,45297],{}," is the more useful check.",[59,161453,2102],{"id":2101},[20,161455,2105,161456,1063],{},[15,161457,2837],{},[33,161459,161460,161470,161479,161488],{},[36,161461,657,161462,161464,161465,161469],{},[15,161463,2837],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[646,161466,161467],{"href":1171},[15,161468,1174],{}," always returns a string",[36,161471,2300,161472,161474,161475,11600,161477],{},[15,161473,2837],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161476,88],{},[15,161478,160050],{},[36,161480,657,161481,45121,161484,161487],{},[15,161482,161483],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161485,161486],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[36,161489,161490],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161492,161493,161494,653],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[646,161495,161497],{"href":161496},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161499,144825],{},[64,161501,161503],{"className":66,"code":161502,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161504,161505,161519,161529,161543,161553],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,161506,161507,161509,161511,161513,161515,161517],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,161508,80],{"class":79},[73,161510,84],{"class":83},[73,161512,288],{"class":87},[73,161514,84],{"class":83},[73,161516,967],{"class":245},[73,161518,102],{"class":83},[73,161520,161521,161523,161525,161527],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,161522,80],{"class":79},[73,161524,84],{"class":83},[73,161526,967],{"class":245},[73,161528,249],{"class":83},[73,161530,161531,161533,161535,161537,161539,161541],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,161532,80],{"class":79},[73,161534,84],{"class":83},[73,161536,42279],{"class":79},[73,161538,84],{"class":83},[73,161540,967],{"class":245},[73,161542,102],{"class":83},[73,161544,161545,161547,161549,161551],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,161546,32659],{"class":79},[73,161548,84],{"class":83},[73,161550,288],{"class":87},[73,161552,249],{"class":83},[73,161554,161555,161557,161559,161561],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,161556,34879],{"class":79},[73,161558,84],{"class":83},[73,161560,967],{"class":245},[73,161562,249],{"class":83},[20,161564,161565],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[59,161567,2350],{"id":2349},[403,161569,2387,161571,5658],{"id":161570},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161572,2837],{},[20,161574,161575,161576,2728,161578,2728,161580,2731,161582,161584,161585,653],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161577,340],{},[15,161579,88],{},[15,161581,8604],{},[15,161583,9330],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161586,160047],{},[403,161588,15412,161590,57445,161592,3023],{"id":161589},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161591,2837],{},[15,161593,45297],{},[20,161595,2360,161596,161598,161599,161601],{},[15,161597,2837],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161600,45297],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[403,161603,2367,161605,161608,161609,3023],{"id":161604},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161606,161607],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161610,340],{},[20,161612,2374,161613,161615,161616,3408,161618,160709],{},[15,161614,1174],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161617,17],{},[15,161619,651],{},[403,161621,5681,161623,161625],{"id":161622},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161624,2837],{}," create classes?",[20,161627,161628,161629,653],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161630,161631],{},"type(object)",[59,161633,2413],{"id":2412},[33,161635,161636,161640,161646,161652,161656,161662,161668],{},[36,161637,161638],{},[646,161639,45289],{"href":49215},[36,161641,161642],{},[646,161643,13,161644,2422],{"href":160888},[15,161645,45297],{},[36,161647,161648],{},[646,161649,13,161650,2422],{"href":1171},[15,161651,1174],{},[36,161653,161654],{},[646,161655,2444],{"href":1166},[36,161657,161658],{},[646,161659,13,161660,2422],{"href":3405},[15,161661,17],{},[36,161663,161664],{},[646,161665,13,161666,2422],{"href":648},[15,161667,651],{},[36,161669,161670],{},[646,161671,13,161672,2422],{"href":1323},[15,161673,1326],{},[2459,161675,161676],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":161678},[161679,161680,161682,161683,161684,161686,161688,161690,161692,161699,161700,161710],{"id":4123,"depth":105,"text":4124},{"id":160053,"depth":105,"text":161681},"What the type() function does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":122127,"depth":105,"text":122128},{"id":160411,"depth":105,"text":161685},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160717,"depth":105,"text":161687},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160893,"depth":105,"text":161689},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":161043,"depth":105,"text":161691},"When to use type()",{"id":25867,"depth":105,"text":25868,"children":161693},[161694,161696,161698],{"id":161192,"depth":122,"text":161695},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":161252,"depth":122,"text":161697},"input() returns str",{"id":161308,"depth":122,"text":161309},{"id":2101,"depth":105,"text":2102},{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":161701},[161702,161704,161706,161708],{"id":161570,"depth":122,"text":161703},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161589,"depth":122,"text":161705},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161604,"depth":122,"text":161707},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161622,"depth":122,"text":161709},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159887,"description":161711},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161717,"title":161718,"body":161719,"description":164198,"extension":2511,"meta":164199,"navigation":254,"path":164200,"seo":164201,"stem":164202,"__hash__":164203},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161720,"toc":164155},[161721,161726,161731,161740,161742,161842,161844,161869,161874,161879,161895,161898,161900,161902,161927,161930,161933,162016,162018,162067,162070,162192,162194,162267,162271,162274,162388,162390,162416,162418,162439,162444,162448,162453,162456,162560,162562,162579,162588,162591,162678,162680,162691,162696,162702,162707,162713,162716,162809,162811,162860,162866,162869,162970,162972,163025,163030,163034,163037,163136,163138,163177,163180,163185,163187,163192,163196,163309,163313,163410,163414,163502,163504,163521,163525,163648,163654,163660,163666,163671,163674,163701,163705,163707,163801,163804,163808,163811,163898,163901,163936,163938,163975,163978,163986,163991,163996,164070,164077,164079,164084,164087,164093,164096,164102,164107,164113,164118,164122,164125,164127,164152],[10,161722,13,161724,18],{"id":161723},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161725,64561],{},[20,161727,161728,161730],{},[15,161729,64561],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161732,161733,161734,161736,161737,161739],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161735,64561],{}," inside a ",[15,161738,934],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[59,161741,62],{"id":61},[64,161743,161745],{"className":66,"code":161744,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161746,161747,161779,161799,161803,161828],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,161748,161749,161751,161753,161755,161757,161759,161761,161763,161765,161767,161769,161771,161773,161775,161777],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,161750,5508],{"class":216},[73,161752,221],{"class":220},[73,161754,891],{"class":83},[73,161756,94],{"class":93},[73,161758,13391],{"class":97},[73,161760,94],{"class":93},[73,161762,140],{"class":83},[73,161764,224],{"class":93},[73,161766,36447],{"class":97},[73,161768,94],{"class":93},[73,161770,140],{"class":83},[73,161772,224],{"class":93},[73,161774,36456],{"class":97},[73,161776,94],{"class":93},[73,161778,924],{"class":83},[73,161780,161781,161783,161785,161787,161789,161791,161793,161795,161797],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,161782,5577],{"class":216},[73,161784,221],{"class":220},[73,161786,891],{"class":83},[73,161788,14013],{"class":116},[73,161790,140],{"class":83},[73,161792,14018],{"class":116},[73,161794,140],{"class":83},[73,161796,29430],{"class":116},[73,161798,924],{"class":83},[73,161800,161801],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,161802,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,161804,161805,161807,161809,161811,161813,161815,161818,161820,161822,161824,161826],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,161806,934],{"class":933},[73,161808,36498],{"class":216},[73,161810,140],{"class":83},[73,161812,5619],{"class":216},[73,161814,940],{"class":933},[73,161816,161817],{"class":79}," zip",[73,161819,84],{"class":83},[73,161821,5552],{"class":245},[73,161823,140],{"class":83},[73,161825,5624],{"class":245},[73,161827,8851],{"class":83},[73,161829,161830,161832,161834,161836,161838,161840],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,161831,1676],{"class":79},[73,161833,84],{"class":83},[73,161835,8177],{"class":245},[73,161837,140],{"class":83},[73,161839,131105],{"class":245},[73,161841,249],{"class":83},[20,161843,148],{},[64,161845,161847],{"className":66,"code":161846,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161848,161849,161855,161862],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,161850,161851,161853],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,161852,134124],{"class":216},[73,161854,33642],{"class":116},[73,161856,161857,161860],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,161858,161859],{"class":216},"Ben ",[73,161861,33647],{"class":116},[73,161863,161864,161867],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,161865,161866],{"class":216},"Cara ",[73,161868,33652],{"class":116},[20,161870,171,161871,161873],{},[15,161872,64561],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[59,161875,178,161877,181],{"id":161876},"what-zip-does",[15,161878,64561],{},[33,161880,161881,161886,161889,161892],{},[36,161882,161883,161885],{},[15,161884,64561],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[36,161887,161888],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[36,161890,161891],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[36,161893,161894],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161896,161897],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[59,161899,370],{"id":369},[20,161901,7728],{},[64,161903,161905],{"className":66,"code":161904,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161906,161907],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,161908,161909,161911,161913,161916,161918,161921,161923,161925],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,161910,64631],{"class":79},[73,161912,84],{"class":83},[73,161914,161915],{"class":245},"iterable1",[73,161917,140],{"class":83},[73,161919,161920],{"class":245}," iterable2",[73,161922,140],{"class":83},[73,161924,34961],{"class":79},[73,161926,249],{"class":83},[20,161928,161929],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161931,161932],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[64,161934,161936],{"className":66,"code":161935,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161937,161938,161958,161990,161994],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,161939,161940,161942,161944,161946,161948,161950,161952,161954,161956],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,161941,4134],{"class":216},[73,161943,221],{"class":220},[73,161945,891],{"class":83},[73,161947,2397],{"class":116},[73,161949,140],{"class":83},[73,161951,143],{"class":116},[73,161953,140],{"class":83},[73,161955,2982],{"class":116},[73,161957,924],{"class":83},[73,161959,161960,161962,161964,161966,161968,161970,161972,161974,161976,161978,161980,161982,161984,161986,161988],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,161961,36597],{"class":216},[73,161963,221],{"class":220},[73,161965,891],{"class":83},[73,161967,94],{"class":93},[73,161969,646],{"class":97},[73,161971,94],{"class":93},[73,161973,140],{"class":83},[73,161975,224],{"class":93},[73,161977,5274],{"class":97},[73,161979,94],{"class":93},[73,161981,140],{"class":83},[73,161983,224],{"class":93},[73,161985,10245],{"class":97},[73,161987,94],{"class":93},[73,161989,924],{"class":83},[73,161991,161992],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,161993,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,161995,161996,161998,162000,162002,162004,162006,162008,162010,162012,162014],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,161997,80],{"class":79},[73,161999,84],{"class":83},[73,162001,8604],{"class":87},[73,162003,84],{"class":83},[73,162005,64631],{"class":79},[73,162007,84],{"class":83},[73,162009,4164],{"class":245},[73,162011,140],{"class":83},[73,162013,70338],{"class":245},[73,162015,1784],{"class":83},[20,162017,148],{},[64,162019,162021],{"className":66,"code":162020,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,162022,162023],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,162024,162025,162027,162029,162031,162033,162035,162037,162039,162041,162043,162045,162047,162049,162051,162053,162055,162057,162059,162061,162063,162065],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,162026,22251],{"class":83},[73,162028,2397],{"class":116},[73,162030,140],{"class":83},[73,162032,337],{"class":93},[73,162034,646],{"class":97},[73,162036,343],{"class":93},[73,162038,9739],{"class":83},[73,162040,9742],{"class":83},[73,162042,530],{"class":116},[73,162044,140],{"class":83},[73,162046,337],{"class":93},[73,162048,5274],{"class":97},[73,162050,343],{"class":93},[73,162052,9739],{"class":83},[73,162054,9742],{"class":83},[73,162056,1304],{"class":116},[73,162058,140],{"class":83},[73,162060,337],{"class":93},[73,162062,10245],{"class":97},[73,162064,343],{"class":93},[73,162066,9755],{"class":83},[20,162068,162069],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[64,162071,162073],{"className":66,"code":162072,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,162074,162075,162107,162127,162161,162165],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,162076,162077,162079,162081,162083,162085,162087,162089,162091,162093,162095,162097,162099,162101,162103,162105],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,162078,5508],{"class":216},[73,162080,221],{"class":220},[73,162082,891],{"class":83},[73,162084,94],{"class":93},[73,162086,13391],{"class":97},[73,162088,94],{"class":93},[73,162090,140],{"class":83},[73,162092,224],{"class":93},[73,162094,36447],{"class":97},[73,162096,94],{"class":93},[73,162098,140],{"class":83},[73,162100,224],{"class":93},[73,162102,36456],{"class":97},[73,162104,94],{"class":93},[73,162106,924],{"class":83},[73,162108,162109,162111,162113,162115,162117,162119,162121,162123,162125],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,162110,5577],{"class":216},[73,162112,221],{"class":220},[73,162114,891],{"class":83},[73,162116,14013],{"class":116},[73,162118,140],{"class":83},[73,162120,14018],{"class":116},[73,162122,140],{"class":83},[73,162124,29430],{"class":116},[73,162126,924],{"class":83},[73,162128,162129,162132,162134,162136,162138,162140,162142,162144,162146,162148,162150,162152,162154,162157,162159],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,162130,162131],{"class":216},"grades ",[73,162133,221],{"class":220},[73,162135,891],{"class":83},[73,162137,94],{"class":93},[73,162139,22756],{"class":97},[73,162141,94],{"class":93},[73,162143,140],{"class":83},[73,162145,224],{"class":93},[73,162147,31106],{"class":97},[73,162149,94],{"class":93},[73,162151,140],{"class":83},[73,162153,224],{"class":93},[73,162155,162156],{"class":97},"B+",[73,162158,94],{"class":93},[73,162160,924],{"class":83},[73,162162,162163],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,162164,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,162166,162167,162169,162171,162173,162175,162177,162179,162181,162183,162185,162187,162190],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,162168,80],{"class":79},[73,162170,84],{"class":83},[73,162172,8604],{"class":87},[73,162174,84],{"class":83},[73,162176,64631],{"class":79},[73,162178,84],{"class":83},[73,162180,5552],{"class":245},[73,162182,140],{"class":83},[73,162184,5624],{"class":245},[73,162186,140],{"class":83},[73,162188,162189],{"class":245}," grades",[73,162191,1784],{"class":83},[20,162193,148],{},[64,162195,162197],{"className":66,"code":162196,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,162198,162199],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,162200,162201,162203,162205,162207,162209,162211,162213,162215,162217,162219,162221,162223,162225,162227,162229,162231,162233,162235,162237,162239,162241,162243,162245,162247,162249,162251,162253,162255,162257,162259,162261,162263,162265],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,162202,22251],{"class":83},[73,162204,343],{"class":93},[73,162206,13391],{"class":97},[73,162208,343],{"class":93},[73,162210,140],{"class":83},[73,162212,20410],{"class":116},[73,162214,140],{"class":83},[73,162216,337],{"class":93},[73,162218,22756],{"class":97},[73,162220,343],{"class":93},[73,162222,9739],{"class":83},[73,162224,9742],{"class":83},[73,162226,343],{"class":93},[73,162228,36447],{"class":97},[73,162230,343],{"class":93},[73,162232,140],{"class":83},[73,162234,14018],{"class":116},[73,162236,140],{"class":83},[73,162238,337],{"class":93},[73,162240,31106],{"class":97},[73,162242,343],{"class":93},[73,162244,9739],{"class":83},[73,162246,9742],{"class":83},[73,162248,343],{"class":93},[73,162250,36456],{"class":97},[73,162252,343],{"class":93},[73,162254,140],{"class":83},[73,162256,29430],{"class":116},[73,162258,140],{"class":83},[73,162260,337],{"class":93},[73,162262,162156],{"class":97},[73,162264,343],{"class":93},[73,162266,9755],{"class":83},[59,162268,162270],{"id":162269},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,162272,162273],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[64,162275,162277],{"className":66,"code":162276,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,162278,162279,162311,162331,162335,162359],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,162280,162281,162283,162285,162287,162289,162291,162293,162295,162297,162299,162301,162303,162305,162307,162309],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,162282,5508],{"class":216},[73,162284,221],{"class":220},[73,162286,891],{"class":83},[73,162288,94],{"class":93},[73,162290,13391],{"class":97},[73,162292,94],{"class":93},[73,162294,140],{"class":83},[73,162296,224],{"class":93},[73,162298,36447],{"class":97},[73,162300,94],{"class":93},[73,162302,140],{"class":83},[73,162304,224],{"class":93},[73,162306,36456],{"class":97},[73,162308,94],{"class":93},[73,162310,924],{"class":83},[73,162312,162313,162315,162317,162319,162321,162323,162325,162327,162329],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,162314,5577],{"class":216},[73,162316,221],{"class":220},[73,162318,891],{"class":83},[73,162320,14013],{"class":116},[73,162322,140],{"class":83},[73,162324,14018],{"class":116},[73,162326,140],{"class":83},[73,162328,29430],{"class":116},[73,162330,924],{"class":83},[73,162332,162333],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,162334,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,162336,162337,162339,162341,162343,162345,162347,162349,162351,162353,162355,162357],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,162338,934],{"class":933},[73,162340,36498],{"class":216},[73,162342,140],{"class":83},[73,162344,5619],{"class":216},[73,162346,940],{"class":933},[73,162348,161817],{"class":79},[73,162350,84],{"class":83},[73,162352,5552],{"class":245},[73,162354,140],{"class":83},[73,162356,5624],{"class":245},[73,162358,8851],{"class":83},[73,162360,162361,162363,162365,162367,162369,162371,162373,162375,162378,162380,162382,162384,162386],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,162362,1676],{"class":79},[73,162364,84],{"class":83},[73,162366,994],{"class":333},[73,162368,94],{"class":97},[73,162370,999],{"class":116},[73,162372,8177],{"class":245},[73,162374,1007],{"class":116},[73,162376,162377],{"class":97}," scored ",[73,162379,999],{"class":116},[73,162381,85762],{"class":245},[73,162383,1007],{"class":116},[73,162385,94],{"class":97},[73,162387,249],{"class":83},[20,162389,148],{},[64,162391,162393],{"className":66,"code":162392,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,162394,162395,162402,162409],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,162396,162397,162400],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,162398,162399],{"class":216},"Ana scored ",[73,162401,33642],{"class":116},[73,162403,162404,162407],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,162405,162406],{"class":216},"Ben scored ",[73,162408,33647],{"class":116},[73,162410,162411,162414],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,162412,162413],{"class":216},"Cara scored ",[73,162415,33652],{"class":116},[20,162417,45422],{},[33,162419,162420,162429,162432],{},[36,162421,162422,162425,162426],{},[15,162423,162424],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,162427,162428],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[36,162430,162431],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[36,162433,162434,1647,162436,162438],{},[15,162435,8177],{},[15,162437,85762],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,162440,162441,162442,653],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[646,162443,69855],{"href":69854},[59,162445,162447],{"id":162446},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,162449,162450,162452],{},[15,162451,64561],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162454,162455],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[64,162457,162459],{"className":66,"code":162458,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162460,162461,162502,162518,162522,162546],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,162462,162463,162465,162467,162469,162471,162473,162475,162477,162479,162481,162483,162485,162487,162489,162491,162493,162495,162498,162500],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,162464,5508],{"class":216},[73,162466,221],{"class":220},[73,162468,891],{"class":83},[73,162470,94],{"class":93},[73,162472,13391],{"class":97},[73,162474,94],{"class":93},[73,162476,140],{"class":83},[73,162478,224],{"class":93},[73,162480,36447],{"class":97},[73,162482,94],{"class":93},[73,162484,140],{"class":83},[73,162486,224],{"class":93},[73,162488,36456],{"class":97},[73,162490,94],{"class":93},[73,162492,140],{"class":83},[73,162494,224],{"class":93},[73,162496,162497],{"class":97},"Dan",[73,162499,94],{"class":93},[73,162501,924],{"class":83},[73,162503,162504,162506,162508,162510,162512,162514,162516],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,162505,5577],{"class":216},[73,162507,221],{"class":220},[73,162509,891],{"class":83},[73,162511,14013],{"class":116},[73,162513,140],{"class":83},[73,162515,14018],{"class":116},[73,162517,924],{"class":83},[73,162519,162520],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,162521,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,162523,162524,162526,162528,162530,162532,162534,162536,162538,162540,162542,162544],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,162525,934],{"class":933},[73,162527,36498],{"class":216},[73,162529,140],{"class":83},[73,162531,5619],{"class":216},[73,162533,940],{"class":933},[73,162535,161817],{"class":79},[73,162537,84],{"class":83},[73,162539,5552],{"class":245},[73,162541,140],{"class":83},[73,162543,5624],{"class":245},[73,162545,8851],{"class":83},[73,162547,162548,162550,162552,162554,162556,162558],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,162549,1676],{"class":79},[73,162551,84],{"class":83},[73,162553,8177],{"class":245},[73,162555,140],{"class":83},[73,162557,131105],{"class":245},[73,162559,249],{"class":83},[20,162561,148],{},[64,162563,162565],{"className":66,"code":162564,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162566,162567,162573],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,162568,162569,162571],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,162570,134124],{"class":216},[73,162572,33642],{"class":116},[73,162574,162575,162577],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,162576,161859],{"class":216},[73,162578,33647],{"class":116},[20,162580,2822,162581,1647,162584,162587],{},[15,162582,162583],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162585,162586],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162589,162590],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[64,162592,162594],{"className":66,"code":162593,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162595,162596,162636,162652,162656],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,162597,162598,162600,162602,162604,162606,162608,162610,162612,162614,162616,162618,162620,162622,162624,162626,162628,162630,162632,162634],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,162599,5508],{"class":216},[73,162601,221],{"class":220},[73,162603,891],{"class":83},[73,162605,94],{"class":93},[73,162607,13391],{"class":97},[73,162609,94],{"class":93},[73,162611,140],{"class":83},[73,162613,224],{"class":93},[73,162615,36447],{"class":97},[73,162617,94],{"class":93},[73,162619,140],{"class":83},[73,162621,224],{"class":93},[73,162623,36456],{"class":97},[73,162625,94],{"class":93},[73,162627,140],{"class":83},[73,162629,224],{"class":93},[73,162631,162497],{"class":97},[73,162633,94],{"class":93},[73,162635,924],{"class":83},[73,162637,162638,162640,162642,162644,162646,162648,162650],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,162639,5577],{"class":216},[73,162641,221],{"class":220},[73,162643,891],{"class":83},[73,162645,14013],{"class":116},[73,162647,140],{"class":83},[73,162649,14018],{"class":116},[73,162651,924],{"class":83},[73,162653,162654],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,162655,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,162657,162658,162660,162662,162664,162666,162668,162670,162672,162674,162676],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,162659,80],{"class":79},[73,162661,84],{"class":83},[73,162663,11670],{"class":79},[73,162665,84],{"class":83},[73,162667,5552],{"class":245},[73,162669,9739],{"class":83},[73,162671,38893],{"class":79},[73,162673,84],{"class":83},[73,162675,16899],{"class":245},[73,162677,102],{"class":83},[20,162679,148],{},[64,162681,162683],{"className":66,"code":162682,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"4 2\n",[15,162684,162685],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,162686,162687,162689],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,162688,3036],{"class":116},[73,162690,46080],{"class":116},[20,162692,162693,162694,653],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162695,64561],{},[59,162697,92353,162699,162701],{"id":162698},"converting-zip-output",[15,162700,64561],{}," output",[20,162703,2374,162704,162706],{},[15,162705,64561],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[403,162708,171,162710],{"id":162709},"use-listzip",[15,162711,162712],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162714,162715],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[64,162717,162719],{"className":66,"code":162718,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162720,162721,162753,162773,162777,162799],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,162722,162723,162725,162727,162729,162731,162733,162735,162737,162739,162741,162743,162745,162747,162749,162751],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,162724,5508],{"class":216},[73,162726,221],{"class":220},[73,162728,891],{"class":83},[73,162730,94],{"class":93},[73,162732,13391],{"class":97},[73,162734,94],{"class":93},[73,162736,140],{"class":83},[73,162738,224],{"class":93},[73,162740,36447],{"class":97},[73,162742,94],{"class":93},[73,162744,140],{"class":83},[73,162746,224],{"class":93},[73,162748,36456],{"class":97},[73,162750,94],{"class":93},[73,162752,924],{"class":83},[73,162754,162755,162757,162759,162761,162763,162765,162767,162769,162771],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,162756,5577],{"class":216},[73,162758,221],{"class":220},[73,162760,891],{"class":83},[73,162762,14013],{"class":116},[73,162764,140],{"class":83},[73,162766,14018],{"class":116},[73,162768,140],{"class":83},[73,162770,29430],{"class":116},[73,162772,924],{"class":83},[73,162774,162775],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,162776,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,162778,162779,162781,162783,162785,162787,162789,162791,162793,162795,162797],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,162780,9721],{"class":216},[73,162782,221],{"class":220},[73,162784,23069],{"class":87},[73,162786,84],{"class":83},[73,162788,64631],{"class":79},[73,162790,84],{"class":83},[73,162792,5552],{"class":245},[73,162794,140],{"class":83},[73,162796,5624],{"class":245},[73,162798,102],{"class":83},[73,162800,162801,162803,162805,162807],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,162802,80],{"class":79},[73,162804,84],{"class":83},[73,162806,9768],{"class":245},[73,162808,249],{"class":83},[20,162810,148],{},[64,162812,162814],{"className":66,"code":162813,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162815,162816],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,162817,162818,162820,162822,162824,162826,162828,162830,162832,162834,162836,162838,162840,162842,162844,162846,162848,162850,162852,162854,162856,162858],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,162819,22251],{"class":83},[73,162821,343],{"class":93},[73,162823,13391],{"class":97},[73,162825,343],{"class":93},[73,162827,140],{"class":83},[73,162829,20410],{"class":116},[73,162831,9739],{"class":83},[73,162833,9742],{"class":83},[73,162835,343],{"class":93},[73,162837,36447],{"class":97},[73,162839,343],{"class":93},[73,162841,140],{"class":83},[73,162843,14018],{"class":116},[73,162845,9739],{"class":83},[73,162847,9742],{"class":83},[73,162849,343],{"class":93},[73,162851,36456],{"class":97},[73,162853,343],{"class":93},[73,162855,140],{"class":83},[73,162857,29430],{"class":116},[73,162859,9755],{"class":83},[403,162861,171,162863],{"id":162862},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162864,162865],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162867,162868],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[64,162870,162872],{"className":66,"code":162871,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162873,162874,162906,162934,162938,162960],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,162875,162876,162878,162880,162882,162884,162886,162888,162890,162892,162894,162896,162898,162900,162902,162904],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,162877,17753],{"class":216},[73,162879,221],{"class":220},[73,162881,891],{"class":83},[73,162883,94],{"class":93},[73,162885,8177],{"class":97},[73,162887,94],{"class":93},[73,162889,140],{"class":83},[73,162891,224],{"class":93},[73,162893,9804],{"class":97},[73,162895,94],{"class":93},[73,162897,140],{"class":83},[73,162899,224],{"class":93},[73,162901,10915],{"class":97},[73,162903,94],{"class":93},[73,162905,924],{"class":83},[73,162907,162908,162910,162912,162914,162916,162918,162920,162922,162924,162926,162928,162930,162932],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,162909,886],{"class":216},[73,162911,221],{"class":220},[73,162913,891],{"class":83},[73,162915,94],{"class":93},[73,162917,13391],{"class":97},[73,162919,94],{"class":93},[73,162921,140],{"class":83},[73,162923,9811],{"class":116},[73,162925,140],{"class":83},[73,162927,224],{"class":93},[73,162929,16541],{"class":97},[73,162931,94],{"class":93},[73,162933,924],{"class":83},[73,162935,162936],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,162937,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,162939,162940,162942,162944,162946,162948,162950,162952,162954,162956,162958],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,162941,13715],{"class":216},[73,162943,221],{"class":220},[73,162945,9677],{"class":87},[73,162947,84],{"class":83},[73,162949,64631],{"class":79},[73,162951,84],{"class":83},[73,162953,17434],{"class":245},[73,162955,140],{"class":83},[73,162957,943],{"class":245},[73,162959,102],{"class":83},[73,162961,162962,162964,162966,162968],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,162963,80],{"class":79},[73,162965,84],{"class":83},[73,162967,17818],{"class":245},[73,162969,249],{"class":83},[20,162971,148],{},[64,162973,162975],{"className":66,"code":162974,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162976,162977],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,162978,162979,162981,162983,162985,162987,162989,162991,162993,162995,162997,162999,163001,163003,163005,163007,163009,163011,163013,163015,163017,163019,163021,163023],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,162980,999],{"class":83},[73,162982,343],{"class":93},[73,162984,8177],{"class":97},[73,162986,343],{"class":93},[73,162988,1063],{"class":83},[73,162990,337],{"class":93},[73,162992,13391],{"class":97},[73,162994,343],{"class":93},[73,162996,140],{"class":83},[73,162998,337],{"class":93},[73,163000,9804],{"class":97},[73,163002,343],{"class":93},[73,163004,1063],{"class":83},[73,163006,9811],{"class":116},[73,163008,140],{"class":83},[73,163010,337],{"class":93},[73,163012,10915],{"class":97},[73,163014,343],{"class":93},[73,163016,1063],{"class":83},[73,163018,337],{"class":93},[73,163020,16541],{"class":97},[73,163022,343],{"class":93},[73,163024,9814],{"class":83},[20,163026,163027,163028,653],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[646,163029,31593],{"href":31592},[403,163031,163033],{"id":163032},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,163035,163036],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[64,163038,163040],{"className":66,"code":163039,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,163041,163042,163066,163082,163086,163104,163108,163122],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,163043,163044,163046,163048,163050,163052,163054,163056,163058,163060,163062,163064],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,163045,5508],{"class":216},[73,163047,221],{"class":220},[73,163049,891],{"class":83},[73,163051,94],{"class":93},[73,163053,13391],{"class":97},[73,163055,94],{"class":93},[73,163057,140],{"class":83},[73,163059,224],{"class":93},[73,163061,36447],{"class":97},[73,163063,94],{"class":93},[73,163065,924],{"class":83},[73,163067,163068,163070,163072,163074,163076,163078,163080],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,163069,5577],{"class":216},[73,163071,221],{"class":220},[73,163073,891],{"class":83},[73,163075,14013],{"class":116},[73,163077,140],{"class":83},[73,163079,14018],{"class":116},[73,163081,924],{"class":83},[73,163083,163084],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,163085,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,163087,163088,163090,163092,163094,163096,163098,163100,163102],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,163089,9721],{"class":216},[73,163091,221],{"class":220},[73,163093,161817],{"class":79},[73,163095,84],{"class":83},[73,163097,5552],{"class":245},[73,163099,140],{"class":83},[73,163101,5624],{"class":245},[73,163103,249],{"class":83},[73,163105,163106],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,163107,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,163109,163110,163112,163114,163116,163118,163120],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,163111,80],{"class":79},[73,163113,84],{"class":83},[73,163115,8604],{"class":87},[73,163117,84],{"class":83},[73,163119,9768],{"class":245},[73,163121,102],{"class":83},[73,163123,163124,163126,163128,163130,163132,163134],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,163125,80],{"class":79},[73,163127,84],{"class":83},[73,163129,8604],{"class":87},[73,163131,84],{"class":83},[73,163133,9768],{"class":245},[73,163135,102],{"class":83},[20,163137,148],{},[64,163139,163141],{"className":66,"code":163140,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,163142,163143,163173],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,163144,163145,163147,163149,163151,163153,163155,163157,163159,163161,163163,163165,163167,163169,163171],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,163146,22251],{"class":83},[73,163148,343],{"class":93},[73,163150,13391],{"class":97},[73,163152,343],{"class":93},[73,163154,140],{"class":83},[73,163156,20410],{"class":116},[73,163158,9739],{"class":83},[73,163160,9742],{"class":83},[73,163162,343],{"class":93},[73,163164,36447],{"class":97},[73,163166,343],{"class":93},[73,163168,140],{"class":83},[73,163170,14018],{"class":116},[73,163172,9755],{"class":83},[73,163174,163175],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,163176,38804],{"class":83},[20,163178,163179],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,163181,163182,163183,653],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[646,163184,5650],{"href":6099},[59,163186,41550],{"id":41549},[20,163188,163189,163190,653],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,163191,64561],{},[403,163193,163195],{"id":163194},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[64,163197,163199],{"className":66,"code":163198,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,163200,163201,163233,163253,163257,163281],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,163202,163203,163205,163207,163209,163211,163213,163215,163217,163219,163221,163223,163225,163227,163229,163231],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,163204,5508],{"class":216},[73,163206,221],{"class":220},[73,163208,891],{"class":83},[73,163210,94],{"class":93},[73,163212,13391],{"class":97},[73,163214,94],{"class":93},[73,163216,140],{"class":83},[73,163218,224],{"class":93},[73,163220,36447],{"class":97},[73,163222,94],{"class":93},[73,163224,140],{"class":83},[73,163226,224],{"class":93},[73,163228,36456],{"class":97},[73,163230,94],{"class":93},[73,163232,924],{"class":83},[73,163234,163235,163237,163239,163241,163243,163245,163247,163249,163251],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,163236,5577],{"class":216},[73,163238,221],{"class":220},[73,163240,891],{"class":83},[73,163242,14013],{"class":116},[73,163244,140],{"class":83},[73,163246,14018],{"class":116},[73,163248,140],{"class":83},[73,163250,29430],{"class":116},[73,163252,924],{"class":83},[73,163254,163255],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,163256,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,163258,163259,163261,163263,163265,163267,163269,163271,163273,163275,163277,163279],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,163260,934],{"class":933},[73,163262,36498],{"class":216},[73,163264,140],{"class":83},[73,163266,5619],{"class":216},[73,163268,940],{"class":933},[73,163270,161817],{"class":79},[73,163272,84],{"class":83},[73,163274,5552],{"class":245},[73,163276,140],{"class":83},[73,163278,5624],{"class":245},[73,163280,8851],{"class":83},[73,163282,163283,163285,163287,163289,163291,163293,163295,163297,163299,163301,163303,163305,163307],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,163284,1676],{"class":79},[73,163286,84],{"class":83},[73,163288,994],{"class":333},[73,163290,94],{"class":97},[73,163292,999],{"class":116},[73,163294,8177],{"class":245},[73,163296,1007],{"class":116},[73,163298,22815],{"class":97},[73,163300,999],{"class":116},[73,163302,85762],{"class":245},[73,163304,1007],{"class":116},[73,163306,94],{"class":97},[73,163308,249],{"class":83},[403,163310,163312],{"id":163311},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[64,163314,163316],{"className":66,"code":163315,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,163317,163318,163350,163374,163378,163400],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,163319,163320,163322,163324,163326,163328,163330,163332,163334,163336,163338,163340,163342,163344,163346,163348],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,163321,17753],{"class":216},[73,163323,221],{"class":220},[73,163325,891],{"class":83},[73,163327,94],{"class":93},[73,163329,13161],{"class":97},[73,163331,94],{"class":93},[73,163333,140],{"class":83},[73,163335,224],{"class":93},[73,163337,8177],{"class":97},[73,163339,94],{"class":93},[73,163341,140],{"class":83},[73,163343,224],{"class":93},[73,163345,16331],{"class":97},[73,163347,94],{"class":93},[73,163349,924],{"class":83},[73,163351,163352,163354,163356,163358,163360,163362,163364,163366,163368,163370,163372],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,163353,886],{"class":216},[73,163355,221],{"class":220},[73,163357,891],{"class":83},[73,163359,135],{"class":116},[73,163361,140],{"class":83},[73,163363,224],{"class":93},[73,163365,13391],{"class":97},[73,163367,94],{"class":93},[73,163369,140],{"class":83},[73,163371,4426],{"class":484},[73,163373,924],{"class":83},[73,163375,163376],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,163377,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,163379,163380,163382,163384,163386,163388,163390,163392,163394,163396,163398],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,163381,9672],{"class":216},[73,163383,221],{"class":220},[73,163385,9677],{"class":87},[73,163387,84],{"class":83},[73,163389,64631],{"class":79},[73,163391,84],{"class":83},[73,163393,17434],{"class":245},[73,163395,140],{"class":83},[73,163397,943],{"class":245},[73,163399,102],{"class":83},[73,163401,163402,163404,163406,163408],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,163403,80],{"class":79},[73,163405,84],{"class":83},[73,163407,9710],{"class":245},[73,163409,249],{"class":83},[403,163411,163413],{"id":163412},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[64,163415,163417],{"className":66,"code":163416,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,163418,163419,163439,163459,163463,163488],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,163420,163421,163423,163425,163427,163429,163431,163433,163435,163437],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,163422,80900],{"class":216},[73,163424,221],{"class":220},[73,163426,891],{"class":83},[73,163428,452],{"class":116},[73,163430,140],{"class":83},[73,163432,8300],{"class":116},[73,163434,140],{"class":83},[73,163436,8305],{"class":116},[73,163438,924],{"class":83},[73,163440,163441,163443,163445,163447,163449,163451,163453,163455,163457],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,163442,80921],{"class":216},[73,163444,221],{"class":220},[73,163446,891],{"class":83},[73,163448,452],{"class":116},[73,163450,140],{"class":83},[73,163452,9811],{"class":116},[73,163454,140],{"class":83},[73,163456,8305],{"class":116},[73,163458,924],{"class":83},[73,163460,163461],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,163462,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,163464,163465,163467,163469,163471,163474,163476,163478,163480,163482,163484,163486],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,163466,934],{"class":933},[73,163468,57127],{"class":216},[73,163470,140],{"class":83},[73,163472,163473],{"class":216}," b ",[73,163475,940],{"class":933},[73,163477,161817],{"class":79},[73,163479,84],{"class":83},[73,163481,111992],{"class":245},[73,163483,140],{"class":83},[73,163485,80964],{"class":245},[73,163487,8851],{"class":83},[73,163489,163490,163492,163494,163496,163498,163500],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,163491,1676],{"class":79},[73,163493,84],{"class":83},[73,163495,3086],{"class":245},[73,163497,5201],{"class":220},[73,163499,3091],{"class":245},[73,163501,249],{"class":83},[20,163503,148],{},[64,163505,163507],{"className":66,"code":163506,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163508,163509,163513,163517],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,163510,163511],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,163512,4490],{"class":484},[73,163514,163515],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,163516,4551],{"class":484},[73,163518,163519],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,163520,4490],{"class":484},[403,163522,163524],{"id":163523},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[64,163526,163528],{"className":66,"code":163527,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163529,163530,163565,163588,163592,163619],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,163531,163532,163535,163537,163539,163541,163543,163545,163547,163549,163552,163554,163556,163558,163561,163563],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,163533,163534],{"class":216},"products ",[73,163536,221],{"class":220},[73,163538,891],{"class":83},[73,163540,94],{"class":93},[73,163542,25651],{"class":97},[73,163544,94],{"class":93},[73,163546,140],{"class":83},[73,163548,224],{"class":93},[73,163550,163551],{"class":97},"Pen",[73,163553,94],{"class":93},[73,163555,140],{"class":83},[73,163557,224],{"class":93},[73,163559,163560],{"class":97},"Bag",[73,163562,94],{"class":93},[73,163564,924],{"class":83},[73,163566,163567,163569,163571,163573,163576,163578,163581,163583,163586],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,163568,83290],{"class":216},[73,163570,221],{"class":220},[73,163572,891],{"class":83},[73,163574,163575],{"class":116},"12.5",[73,163577,140],{"class":83},[73,163579,163580],{"class":116}," 1.2",[73,163582,140],{"class":83},[73,163584,163585],{"class":116}," 25.0",[73,163587,924],{"class":83},[73,163589,163590],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,163591,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,163593,163594,163596,163598,163600,163603,163605,163607,163609,163612,163614,163617],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,163595,934],{"class":933},[73,163597,25712],{"class":216},[73,163599,140],{"class":83},[73,163601,163602],{"class":216}," price ",[73,163604,940],{"class":933},[73,163606,161817],{"class":79},[73,163608,84],{"class":83},[73,163610,163611],{"class":245},"products",[73,163613,140],{"class":83},[73,163615,163616],{"class":245}," prices",[73,163618,8851],{"class":83},[73,163620,163621,163623,163625,163627,163629,163631,163633,163635,163638,163640,163642,163644,163646],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,163622,1676],{"class":79},[73,163624,84],{"class":83},[73,163626,994],{"class":333},[73,163628,94],{"class":97},[73,163630,999],{"class":116},[73,163632,27519],{"class":245},[73,163634,1007],{"class":116},[73,163636,163637],{"class":97}," costs $",[73,163639,999],{"class":116},[73,163641,25660],{"class":245},[73,163643,1007],{"class":116},[73,163645,94],{"class":97},[73,163647,249],{"class":83},[20,163649,37109,163650,653],{},[646,163651,163653],{"href":163652},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[59,163655,163657,163658],{"id":163656},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163659,64561],{},[403,163661,2300,163663,163665],{"id":163662},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163664,64561],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163667,163668,163670],{},[15,163669,64561],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163672,163673],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[64,163675,163677],{"className":66,"code":163676,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163678,163679],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,163680,163681,163683,163685,163687,163689,163691,163693,163695,163697,163699],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,163682,80],{"class":79},[73,163684,84],{"class":83},[73,163686,11670],{"class":79},[73,163688,84],{"class":83},[73,163690,111992],{"class":245},[73,163692,9739],{"class":83},[73,163694,38893],{"class":79},[73,163696,84],{"class":83},[73,163698,81187],{"class":245},[73,163700,102],{"class":83},[403,163702,163704],{"id":163703},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163706,69078],{},[64,163708,163710],{"className":66,"code":163709,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163711,163712,163748,163752,163765,163775,163779,163791],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,163713,163714,163716,163718,163720,163722,163724,163726,163728,163730,163732,163734,163736,163738,163740,163742,163744,163746],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,163715,9721],{"class":216},[73,163717,221],{"class":220},[73,163719,161817],{"class":79},[73,163721,3510],{"class":83},[73,163723,2397],{"class":116},[73,163725,140],{"class":83},[73,163727,143],{"class":116},[73,163729,18574],{"class":83},[73,163731,891],{"class":83},[73,163733,94],{"class":93},[73,163735,646],{"class":97},[73,163737,94],{"class":93},[73,163739,140],{"class":83},[73,163741,224],{"class":93},[73,163743,5274],{"class":97},[73,163745,94],{"class":93},[73,163747,4398],{"class":83},[73,163749,163750],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,163751,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,163753,163754,163756,163758,163760,163763],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,163755,934],{"class":933},[73,163757,6472],{"class":216},[73,163759,940],{"class":933},[73,163761,163762],{"class":216}," pairs",[73,163764,946],{"class":83},[73,163766,163767,163769,163771,163773],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,163768,1676],{"class":79},[73,163770,84],{"class":83},[73,163772,23820],{"class":245},[73,163774,249],{"class":83},[73,163776,163777],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,163778,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,163780,163781,163783,163785,163787,163789],{"class":75,"line":281},[73,163782,934],{"class":933},[73,163784,6472],{"class":216},[73,163786,940],{"class":933},[73,163788,163762],{"class":216},[73,163790,946],{"class":83},[73,163792,163793,163795,163797,163799],{"class":75,"line":297},[73,163794,1676],{"class":79},[73,163796,84],{"class":83},[73,163798,23820],{"class":245},[73,163800,249],{"class":83},[20,163802,163803],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[403,163805,163807],{"id":163806},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163809,163810],{},"This is correct:",[64,163812,163814],{"className":66,"code":163813,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163815,163816,163840,163856,163860,163884],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,163817,163818,163820,163822,163824,163826,163828,163830,163832,163834,163836,163838],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,163819,5508],{"class":216},[73,163821,221],{"class":220},[73,163823,891],{"class":83},[73,163825,94],{"class":93},[73,163827,13391],{"class":97},[73,163829,94],{"class":93},[73,163831,140],{"class":83},[73,163833,224],{"class":93},[73,163835,36447],{"class":97},[73,163837,94],{"class":93},[73,163839,924],{"class":83},[73,163841,163842,163844,163846,163848,163850,163852,163854],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,163843,5577],{"class":216},[73,163845,221],{"class":220},[73,163847,891],{"class":83},[73,163849,14013],{"class":116},[73,163851,140],{"class":83},[73,163853,14018],{"class":116},[73,163855,924],{"class":83},[73,163857,163858],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,163859,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,163861,163862,163864,163866,163868,163870,163872,163874,163876,163878,163880,163882],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,163863,934],{"class":933},[73,163865,36498],{"class":216},[73,163867,140],{"class":83},[73,163869,5619],{"class":216},[73,163871,940],{"class":933},[73,163873,161817],{"class":79},[73,163875,84],{"class":83},[73,163877,5552],{"class":245},[73,163879,140],{"class":83},[73,163881,5624],{"class":245},[73,163883,8851],{"class":83},[73,163885,163886,163888,163890,163892,163894,163896],{"class":75,"line":269},[73,163887,1676],{"class":79},[73,163889,84],{"class":83},[73,163891,8177],{"class":245},[73,163893,140],{"class":83},[73,163895,131105],{"class":245},[73,163897,249],{"class":83},[20,163899,163900],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[64,163902,163904],{"className":66,"code":163903,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163905,163906,163926],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,163907,163908,163910,163912,163914,163916,163918,163920,163922,163924],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,163909,934],{"class":933},[73,163911,6472],{"class":216},[73,163913,940],{"class":933},[73,163915,161817],{"class":79},[73,163917,84],{"class":83},[73,163919,5552],{"class":245},[73,163921,140],{"class":83},[73,163923,5624],{"class":245},[73,163925,8851],{"class":83},[73,163927,163928,163930,163932,163934],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,163929,1676],{"class":79},[73,163931,84],{"class":83},[73,163933,23820],{"class":245},[73,163935,249],{"class":83},[20,163937,148],{},[64,163939,163941],{"className":66,"code":163940,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163942,163943,163959],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,163944,163945,163947,163949,163951,163953,163955,163957],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,163946,84],{"class":83},[73,163948,343],{"class":93},[73,163950,13391],{"class":97},[73,163952,343],{"class":93},[73,163954,140],{"class":83},[73,163956,20410],{"class":116},[73,163958,249],{"class":83},[73,163960,163961,163963,163965,163967,163969,163971,163973],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,163962,84],{"class":83},[73,163964,343],{"class":93},[73,163966,36447],{"class":97},[73,163968,343],{"class":93},[73,163970,140],{"class":83},[73,163972,14018],{"class":116},[73,163974,249],{"class":83},[20,163976,163977],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[403,163979,657,163981,163983,163984],{"id":163980},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163982,64561],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163985,36255],{},[20,163987,171,163988,163990],{},[15,163989,64561],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163992,171,163993,163995],{},[15,163994,36255],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[64,163997,163998],{"className":66,"code":36424,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},[15,163999,164000,164032,164036,164056],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,164001,164002,164004,164006,164008,164010,164012,164014,164016,164018,164020,164022,164024,164026,164028,164030],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,164003,5508],{"class":216},[73,164005,221],{"class":220},[73,164007,891],{"class":83},[73,164009,94],{"class":93},[73,164011,13391],{"class":97},[73,164013,94],{"class":93},[73,164015,140],{"class":83},[73,164017,224],{"class":93},[73,164019,36447],{"class":97},[73,164021,94],{"class":93},[73,164023,140],{"class":83},[73,164025,224],{"class":93},[73,164027,36456],{"class":97},[73,164029,94],{"class":93},[73,164031,924],{"class":83},[73,164033,164034],{"class":75,"line":105},[73,164035,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[73,164037,164038,164040,164042,164044,164046,164048,164050,164052,164054],{"class":75,"line":122},[73,164039,934],{"class":933},[73,164041,36327],{"class":216},[73,164043,140],{"class":83},[73,164045,36475],{"class":216},[73,164047,940],{"class":933},[73,164049,36337],{"class":79},[73,164051,84],{"class":83},[73,164053,5552],{"class":245},[73,164055,8851],{"class":83},[73,164057,164058,164060,164062,164064,164066,164068],{"class":75,"line":258},[73,164059,1676],{"class":79},[73,164061,84],{"class":83},[73,164063,36352],{"class":245},[73,164065,140],{"class":83},[73,164067,36498],{"class":245},[73,164069,249],{"class":83},[20,164071,164072,164073,653],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[646,164074,13,164075,2422],{"href":92265},[15,164076,36255],{},[59,164078,2350],{"id":2349},[403,164080,2387,164082,5658],{"id":164081},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,164083,64561],{},[20,164085,164086],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[403,164088,2354,164090,164092],{"id":164089},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,164091,64561],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,164094,164095],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[403,164097,164099,164100,3023],{"id":164098},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,164101,64561],{},[20,164103,164104,164105,653],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,164106,162712],{},[403,164108,164110,164111,3023],{"id":164109},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,164112,64561],{},[20,164114,128470,164115,164117],{},[15,164116,162865],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[403,164119,164121],{"id":164120},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,164123,164124],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[59,164126,2413],{"id":2412},[33,164128,164129,164134,164140,164144,164148],{},[36,164130,164131],{},[646,164132,164133],{"href":163652},"How to use zip in Python",[36,164135,164136],{},[646,164137,13,164138,2422],{"href":92265},[15,164139,36255],{},[36,164141,164142],{},[646,164143,5728],{"href":6099},[36,164145,164146],{},[646,164147,69931],{"href":69854},[36,164149,164150],{},[646,164151,32767],{"href":31592},[2459,164153,164154],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":105,"depth":105,"links":164156},[164157,164158,164160,164161,164162,164163,164171,164177,164186,164197],{"id":61,"depth":105,"text":62},{"id":161876,"depth":105,"text":164159},"What zip() does",{"id":369,"depth":105,"text":370},{"id":162269,"depth":105,"text":162270},{"id":162446,"depth":105,"text":162447},{"id":162698,"depth":105,"text":164164,"children":164165},"Converting zip() output",[164166,164168,164170],{"id":162709,"depth":122,"text":164167},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162862,"depth":122,"text":164169},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":163032,"depth":122,"text":163033},{"id":41549,"depth":105,"text":41550,"children":164172},[164173,164174,164175,164176],{"id":163194,"depth":122,"text":163195},{"id":163311,"depth":122,"text":163312},{"id":163412,"depth":122,"text":163413},{"id":163523,"depth":122,"text":163524},{"id":163656,"depth":105,"text":164178,"children":164179},"Common mistakes with zip()",[164180,164182,164183,164184],{"id":163662,"depth":122,"text":164181},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163703,"depth":122,"text":163704},{"id":163806,"depth":122,"text":163807},{"id":163980,"depth":122,"text":164185},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":2349,"depth":105,"text":2350,"children":164187},[164188,164190,164192,164194,164196],{"id":164081,"depth":122,"text":164189},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":164089,"depth":122,"text":164191},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":164098,"depth":122,"text":164193},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":164109,"depth":122,"text":164195},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":164120,"depth":122,"text":164121},{"id":2412,"depth":105,"text":2413},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161718,"description":164198},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944960365]